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Maas RGC, van den Dolder FW, Yuan Q, van der Velden J, Wu SM, Sluijter JPG, Buikema JW. Harnessing developmental cues for cardiomyocyte production. Development 2023; 150:dev201483. [PMID: 37560977 PMCID: PMC10445742 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Developmental research has attempted to untangle the exact signals that control heart growth and size, with knockout studies in mice identifying pivotal roles for Wnt and Hippo signaling during embryonic and fetal heart growth. Despite this improved understanding, no clinically relevant therapies are yet available to compensate for the loss of functional adult myocardium and the absence of mature cardiomyocyte renewal that underlies cardiomyopathies of multiple origins. It remains of great interest to understand which mechanisms are responsible for the decline in proliferation in adult hearts and to elucidate new strategies for the stimulation of cardiac regeneration. Multiple signaling pathways have been identified that regulate the proliferation of cardiomyocytes in the embryonic heart and appear to be upregulated in postnatal injured hearts. In this Review, we highlight the interaction of signaling pathways in heart development and discuss how this knowledge has been translated into current technologies for cardiomyocyte production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee G. C. Maas
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Floor W. van den Dolder
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Qianliang Yuan
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sean M. Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine,Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joost P. G. Sluijter
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan W. Buikema
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Heart Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Tabata Y, Joanna I, Higuchi A. Stem cell culture and differentiation in 3-D scaffolds. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 199:109-127. [PMID: 37678968 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Conventional two-dimensional (2-D) cultivation are easy to utilize for human pluripotent stem (hPS) cell cultivation in standard techniques and are important for analysis or development of the signal pathways to keep pluripotent state of hPS cells cultivated on 2-D cell culture materials. However, the most efficient protocol to prepare hPS cells is the cell culture in a three dimensional (3-D) cultivation unit because huge numbers of hPS cells should be utilized in clinical treatment. Some 3-D cultivation strategies for hPS cells are considered: (a) microencapsulated cell cultivation in suspended hydrogels, (b) cell cultivation on microcarriers (MCs), (c) cell cultivation on self-aggregated spheroid [cell aggregates; embryoid bodies (EBs) and organoids], (d) cell cultivation on microfibers or nanofibers, and (e) cell cultivation in macroporous scaffolds. These cultivation ways are described in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Tabata
- Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kawara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Idaszek Joanna
- Division of Materials Design, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Akon Higuchi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taoyuan, Taiwan; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.
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3
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Tan LS, Chen JT, Lim LY, Teo AKK. Manufacturing clinical-grade human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived beta cells for diabetes treatment. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13232. [PMID: 35474596 PMCID: PMC9357357 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The unlimited proliferative capacity of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) fortifies it as one of the most attractive sources for cell therapy application in diabetes. In the past two decades, vast research efforts have been invested in developing strategies to differentiate hPSCs into clinically suitable insulin‐producing endocrine cells or functional beta cells (β cells). With the end goal being clinical translation, it is critical for hPSCs and insulin‐producing β cells to be derived, handled, stored, maintained and expanded with clinical compliance. This review focuses on the key processes and guidelines for clinical translation of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)‐derived β cells for diabetes cell therapy. Here, we discuss the (1) key considerations of manufacturing clinical‐grade hiPSCs, (2) scale‐up and differentiation of clinical‐grade hiPSCs into β cells in clinically compliant conditions and (3) mandatory quality control and product release criteria necessitated by various regulatory bodies to approve the use of the cell‐based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lay Shuen Tan
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme (TRP), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Juin Ting Chen
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme (TRP), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lillian Yuxian Lim
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme (TRP), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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4
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Rock inhibitor may compromise human induced pluripotent stem cells for cardiac differentiation in 3D. Bioact Mater 2021; 9:508-522. [PMID: 34786523 PMCID: PMC8581226 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are valuable for the understanding/treatment of the deadly heart diseases and their drug screening. However, the very much needed homogeneous 3D cardiac differentiation of human iPSCs is still challenging. Here, it is discovered surprisingly that Rock inhibitor (RI), used ubiquitously to improve the survival/yield of human iPSCs, induces early gastrulation-like change to human iPSCs in 3D culture and may cause their heterogeneous differentiation into all the three germ layers (i.e., ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) at the commonly used concentration (10 μM). This greatly compromises the capacity of human iPSCs for homogeneous 3D cardiac differentiation. By reducing the RI to 1 μM for 3D culture, the human iPSCs retain high pluripotency/quality in inner cell mass-like solid 3D spheroids. Consequently, the beating efficiency of 3D cardiac differentiation can be improved to more than 95 % in ~7 days (compared to less than ~50 % in 14 days for the 10 μM RI condition). Furthermore, the outset beating time (OBT) of all resultant cardiac spheroids (CSs) is synchronized within only 1 day and they form a synchronously beating 3D construct after 5-day culture in gelatin methacrylol (GelMA) hydrogel, showing high homogeneity (in terms of the OBT) in functional maturity of the CSs. Moreover, the resultant cardiomyocytes are of high quality with key functional ultrastructures and highly responsive to cardiac drugs. These discoveries may greatly facilitate the utilization of human iPSCs for understanding and treating heart diseases.
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5
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Hong G, Kim J, Oh H, Yun S, Kim CM, Jeong YM, Yun WS, Shim JH, Jang I, Kim CY, Jin S. Production of Multiple Cell-Laden Microtissue Spheroids with a Biomimetic Hepatic-Lobule-Like Structure. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2102624. [PMID: 34286875 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The construction of an in vitro 3D cellular model to mimic the human liver is highly desired for drug discovery and clinical applications, such as patient-specific treatment and cell-based therapy in regenerative medicine. However, current bioprinting strategies are limited in their ability to generate multiple cell-laden microtissues with biomimetic structures. This study presents a method for producing hepatic-lobule-like microtissue spheroids using a bioprinting system incorporating a precursor cartridge and microfluidic emulsification system. The multiple cell-laden microtissue spheroids can be successfully generated at a speed of approximately 45 spheroids min-1 and with a uniform diameter. Hepatic and endothelial cells are patterned in a microtissue spheroid with the biomimetic structure of a liver lobule. The spheroids allow long-term culture with high cell viability, and the structural integrity is maintained longer than that of non-structured spheroids. Furthermore, structured spheroids show high MRP2, albumin, and CD31 expression levels. In addition, the in vivo study reveals that structured microtissue spheroids are stably engrafted. These results demonstrate that the method provides a valuable 3D structured microtissue spheroid model with lobule-like constructs and liver functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyusik Hong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Polytechnic University, 237 Sangidaehak-ro, Siheung-si, 15073, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kim
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongkwon Oh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Polytechnic University, 237 Sangidaehak-ro, Siheung-si, 15073, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokhwan Yun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Polytechnic University, 237 Sangidaehak-ro, Siheung-si, 15073, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Min Kim
- Department of Mechatronics, Gyeongsang National University, 33, Dongjin-ro, Jinju, 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Mi Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Polytechnic University, 237 Sangidaehak-ro, Siheung-si, 15073, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Soo Yun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Polytechnic University, 237 Sangidaehak-ro, Siheung-si, 15073, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute, T&R Biofab. Co. Ltd, 242 Pangyo-ro, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13487, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyung Shim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Polytechnic University, 237 Sangidaehak-ro, Siheung-si, 15073, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute, T&R Biofab. Co. Ltd, 242 Pangyo-ro, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13487, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilho Jang
- Research Institute, T&R Biofab. Co. Ltd, 242 Pangyo-ro, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13487, Republic of Korea
| | - C-Yoon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Songwan Jin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Polytechnic University, 237 Sangidaehak-ro, Siheung-si, 15073, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute, T&R Biofab. Co. Ltd, 242 Pangyo-ro, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13487, Republic of Korea
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6
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Kahn-Krell A, Pretorius D, Ou J, Fast VG, Litovsky S, Berry J, Liu X(M, Zhang J. Bioreactor Suspension Culture: Differentiation and Production of Cardiomyocyte Spheroids From Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:674260. [PMID: 34178964 PMCID: PMC8226172 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.674260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced-pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can be efficiently differentiated into cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) via the GiWi method, which uses small-molecule inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) and tankyrase to first activate and then suppress Wnt signaling. However, this method is typically conducted in 6-well culture plates with two-dimensional (2D) cell sheets, and consequently, cannot be easily scaled to produce the large numbers of hiPSC-CMs needed for clinical applications. Cell suspensions are more suitable than 2D systems for commercial biomanufacturing, and suspended hiPSCs form free-floating aggregates (i.e., spheroids) that can also be differentiated into hiPSC-CMs. Here, we introduce a protocol for differentiating suspensions of hiPSC spheroids into cardiomyocytes that is based on the GiWi method. After optimization based on cardiac troponin T staining, the purity of hiPSC-CMs differentiated via our novel protocol exceeded 98% with yields of about 1.5 million hiPSC-CMs/mL and less between-batch purity variability than hiPSC-CMs produced in 2D cultures; furthermore, the culture volume could be increased ∼10-fold to 30 mL with no need for re-optimization, which suggests that this method can serve as a framework for large-scale hiPSC-CM production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asher Kahn-Krell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Danielle Pretorius
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jianfa Ou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Vladimir G. Fast
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Silvio Litovsky
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Joel Berry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Xiaoguang (Margaret) Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Medicine/Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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7
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Dvir S, Argoetti A, Lesnik C, Roytblat M, Shriki K, Amit M, Hashimshony T, Mandel-Gutfreund Y. Uncovering the RNA-binding protein landscape in the pluripotency network of human embryonic stem cells. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109198. [PMID: 34077720 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cell (ESC) self-renewal and cell fate decisions are driven by a broad array of molecular signals. While transcriptional regulators have been extensively studied in human ESCs (hESCs), the extent to which RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) contribute to human pluripotency remains unclear. Here, we carry out a proteome-wide screen and identify 810 proteins that bind RNA in hESCs. We reveal that RBPs are preferentially expressed in hESCs and dynamically regulated during early stem cell differentiation. Notably, many RBPs are affected by knockdown of OCT4, a master regulator of pluripotency, several dozen of which are directly targeted by this factor. Using cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (CLIP-seq), we find that the pluripotency-associated STAT3 and OCT4 transcription factors interact with RNA in hESCs and confirm the binding of STAT3 to the conserved NORAD long-noncoding RNA. Our findings indicate that RBPs have a more widespread role in human pluripotency than previously appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomi Dvir
- Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 320003, Israel
| | - Amir Argoetti
- Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 320003, Israel
| | - Chen Lesnik
- Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 320003, Israel
| | | | | | - Michal Amit
- Accellta LTD, Haifa 320003, Israel; Ephraim Katzir Department of Biotechnology Engineering, ORT Braude College, Karmiel 2161002, Israel
| | - Tamar Hashimshony
- Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 320003, Israel
| | - Yael Mandel-Gutfreund
- Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 320003, Israel; Computer Science Department, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 320003, Israel.
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8
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Gudagudi KB, Myburgh KH. Methods to Mimic In Vivo Muscle Cell Biology in Primary Human Myoblasts Using Quiescence as a Guidepost in Regenerative Medicine Research. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2021; 25:176-189. [PMID: 33635139 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2020.0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine research and testing of new therapeutics for muscle-related human diseases call for a deeper understanding of how human myoblasts gain and maintain quiescence in vitro versus in vivo. The more closely we can experimentally simulate the in vivo environment, the more relevance in vitro research on myoblasts will have. In this context, isolation of satellite cells from muscle tissue causes activation while myoblasts remain activated in culture, thus not simulating quiescence as in their in vivo niche. Cells synchronized for cell cycle present a good starting point for experimental intervention. In the past, myoblast quiescence has been induced using suspension culture (SuCu) and, recently, by knockout serum replacement (KOSR)-supplemented culture media. We assessed the proportion of cells in G0 and molecular regulators after combining the two quiescence-inducing approaches. Quiescence was induced in primary human myoblasts (PHMs) in vitro using KOSR-treatment for 10 days or suspension in viscous media for 2 days (SuCu), or suspension combined with KOSR-treatment for 2 days (blended method, SuCu-KOSR). Quiescence and synchronization were achieved with all three protocols (G0/G1 cell cycle arrest >90% cells). Fold-change of cell cycle controller p21 mRNA for KOSR and SuCu was 3.23 ± 0.30 and 2.86 ± 0.15, respectively. Since this was already a significant change (p < 0.05), no further change was gained with the blended method. But SuCu-KOSR significantly decreased Ki67 (p = 0.0019). Myogenic regulatory factors, Myf5 and MyoD gene expression in PHMs were much more suppressed (p = 0.0004 and p = 0.0034, respectively) in SuCu-KOSR, compared to SuCu alone. In conclusion, a homogenous pool of quiescent primary myoblasts synchronized in the G0 cell cycle phase was achieved with cells from three different donors regardless of the experimental protocol. Myogenic dedifferentiation at the level of Myogenic Regulatory Factors was greater when exposed to the blend of suspension and serum-free culture. We suggest that this blended new protocol can be considered in future biomedical research if differentiation is detected too early during myoblast expansion. This shall also inform new ways to bridge the in vitro and in vivo divides in regenerative medicine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirankumar B Gudagudi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Kathryn H Myburgh
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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9
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Lee YN, Yi HJ, Goh H, Park JY, Ferber S, Shim IK, Kim SC. Spheroid Fabrication Using Concave Microwells Enhances the Differentiation Efficacy and Function of Insulin-Producing Cells via Cytoskeletal Changes. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122551. [PMID: 33261076 PMCID: PMC7768489 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islet transplantation is the fundamental treatment for insulin-dependent diabetes; however, donor shortage is a major hurdle in its use as a standard treatment. Accordingly, differentiated insulin-producing cells (DIPCs) are being developed as a new islet source. Differentiation efficiency could be enhanced if the spheroid structure of the natural islets could be recapitulated. Here, we fabricated DIPC spheroids using concave microwells, which enabled large-scale production of spheroids of the desired size. We prepared DIPCs from human liver cells by trans-differentiation using transcription factor gene transduction. Islet-related gene expression and insulin secretion levels were higher in spheroids compared to those in single-cell DIPCs, whereas actin–myosin interactions significantly decreased. We verified actin–myosin-dependent insulin expression in single-cell DIPCs by using actin–myosin interaction inhibitors. Upon transplanting cells into the kidney capsule of diabetic mouse, blood glucose levels decreased to 200 mg/dL in spheroid-transplanted mice but not in single cell-transplanted mice. Spheroid-transplanted mice showed high engraftment efficiency in in vivo fluorescence imaging. These results demonstrated that spheroids fabricated using concave microwells enhanced the engraftment and functions of DIPCs via actin–myosin-mediated cytoskeletal changes. Our strategy potentially extends the clinical application of DIPCs for improved differentiation, glycemic control, and transplantation efficiency of islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Na Lee
- Asan Medical Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (Y.N.L.); (H.J.Y.); (H.G.); (J.Y.P.)
- Asan Medical Center, Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Yi
- Asan Medical Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (Y.N.L.); (H.J.Y.); (H.G.); (J.Y.P.)
- Asan Medical Center, Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Hanse Goh
- Asan Medical Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (Y.N.L.); (H.J.Y.); (H.G.); (J.Y.P.)
| | - Ji Yoon Park
- Asan Medical Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (Y.N.L.); (H.J.Y.); (H.G.); (J.Y.P.)
- Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06457, USA
| | - Sarah Ferber
- Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel;
- Dia-Cure, Acad. Nicolae Cajal Institute of Medical Scientific Research, Titu Maiorescu University, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Orgenesis Ltd., Ness-Ziona 7403631, Israel
- Department of Human Genetics, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - In Kyong Shim
- Asan Medical Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (Y.N.L.); (H.J.Y.); (H.G.); (J.Y.P.)
- Asan Medical Center, Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Correspondence: or (I.K.S.); (S.C.K.); Tel.: +82-2-3010-4173 (I.K.S.); +82-2-3010-3936 (S.C.K.)
| | - Song Cheol Kim
- Asan Medical Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (Y.N.L.); (H.J.Y.); (H.G.); (J.Y.P.)
- Asan Medical Center, Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Asan Medical Center, Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Correspondence: or (I.K.S.); (S.C.K.); Tel.: +82-2-3010-4173 (I.K.S.); +82-2-3010-3936 (S.C.K.)
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10
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Nath SC, Harper L, Rancourt DE. Cell-Based Therapy Manufacturing in Stirred Suspension Bioreactor: Thoughts for cGMP Compliance. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:599674. [PMID: 33324625 PMCID: PMC7726241 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.599674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapy (CBT) is attracting much attention to treat incurable diseases. In recent years, several clinical trials have been conducted using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), and other potential therapeutic cells. Various private- and government-funded organizations are investing in finding permanent cures for diseases that are difficult or expensive to treat over a lifespan, such as age-related macular degeneration, Parkinson’s disease, or diabetes, etc. Clinical-grade cell manufacturing requiring current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) has therefore become an important issue to make safe and effective CBT products. Current cell production practices are adopted from conventional antibody or protein production in the pharmaceutical industry, wherein cells are used as a vector to produce the desired products. With CBT, however, the “cells are the final products” and sensitive to physico- chemical parameters and storage conditions anywhere between isolation and patient administration. In addition, the manufacturing of cellular products involves multi-stage processing, including cell isolation, genetic modification, PSC derivation, expansion, differentiation, purification, characterization, cryopreservation, etc. Posing a high risk of product contamination, these can be time- and cost- prohibitive due to maintenance of cGMP. The growing demand of CBT needs integrated manufacturing systems that can provide a more simple and cost-effective platform. Here, we discuss the current methods and limitations of CBT, based upon experience with biologics production. We review current cell manufacturing integration, automation and provide an overview of some important considerations and best cGMP practices. Finally, we propose how multi-stage cell processing can be integrated into a single bioreactor, in order to develop streamlined cGMP-compliant cell processing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman C Nath
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Lane Harper
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Derrick E Rancourt
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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11
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Rohani L, Borys BS, Razian G, Naghsh P, Liu S, Johnson AA, Machiraju P, Holland H, Lewis IA, Groves RA, Toms D, Gordon PMK, Li JW, So T, Dang T, Kallos MS, Rancourt DE. Stirred suspension bioreactors maintain naïve pluripotency of human pluripotent stem cells. Commun Biol 2020; 3:492. [PMID: 32895477 PMCID: PMC7476926 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01218-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their ability to standardize key physiological parameters, stirred suspension bioreactors can potentially scale the production of quality-controlled pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) for cell therapy application. Because of differences in bioreactor expansion efficiency between mouse (m) and human (h) PSCs, we investigated if conversion of hPSCs, from the conventional "primed" pluripotent state towards the "naïve" state prevalent in mPSCs, could be used to enhance hPSC production. Through transcriptomic enrichment of mechano-sensing signaling, the expression of epigenetic regulators, metabolomics, and cell-surface protein marker analyses, we show that the stirred suspension bioreactor environment helps maintain a naïve-like pluripotent state. Our research corroborates that converting hPSCs towards a naïve state enhances hPSC manufacturing and indicates a potentially important role for the stirred suspension bioreactor's mechanical environment in maintaining naïve-like pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leili Rohani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Breanna S Borys
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Golsa Razian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Pooyan Naghsh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Shiying Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Pranav Machiraju
- Department of Paediatrics and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Heidrun Holland
- Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ian A Lewis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ryan A Groves
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Derek Toms
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Paul M K Gordon
- CSM Center for Health Genomic and Informatics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Joyce W Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tania So
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tiffany Dang
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Michael S Kallos
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Derrick E Rancourt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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12
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Modulation of Wnt and Activin/Nodal supports efficient derivation, cloning and suspension expansion of human pluripotent stem cells. Biomaterials 2020; 249:120015. [PMID: 32311594 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Various culture systems have been used to derive and maintain human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), but they are inefficient in sustaining cloning and suspension expansion of hPSCs. Through systematically modulating Wnt and Activin/Nodal signaling, we developed a defined medium (termed AIC), which enables efficient cloning and long-term expansion of hPSCs (AIC-hPSCs) through single-cell passage on feeders, matrix or in suspension (25-fold expansion in 4 days) and maintains genomic stability of hPSCs over extensive expansion. Moreover, the AIC medium supports efficient derivation of hPSCs from blastocysts or somatic cells under feeder-free conditions. Compared to conventional hPSCs, AIC-hPSCs have similar gene expression profiles but down-regulated differentiation genes and display higher metabolic activity. Additionally, the AIC medium shows a good compatibility for different hPSC lines under various culture conditions. Our study provides a robust culture system for derivation, cloning and suspension expansion of high-quality hPSCs that benefits GMP production and processing of therapeutic hPSC products.
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13
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Polanco A, Kuang B, Yoon S. Bioprocess Technologies that Preserve the Quality of iPSCs. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 38:1128-1140. [PMID: 32941792 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale production of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is essential for the treatment of a variety of clinical indications. However, culturing enough iPSCs for clinical applications is problematic due to their sensitive pluripotent state and dependence on a supporting matrix. Developing stem cell bioprocessing strategies that are scalable and meet clinical needs requires incorporating methods that measure and monitor intrinsic markers of cell differentiation state, developmental status, and viability in real time. In addition, proper cell culture modalities that nurture the growth of high-quality stem cells in suspension are critical for industrial scale-up. In this review, we present an overview of cell culture media, suspension modalities, and monitoring techniques that preserve the quality and pluripotency of iPSCs during initiation, expansion, and manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashli Polanco
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Bingyu Kuang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Seongkyu Yoon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA.
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14
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Fang J, Hsueh YY, Soto J, Sun W, Wang J, Gu Z, Khademhosseini A, Li S. Engineering Biomaterials with Micro/Nanotechnologies for Cell Reprogramming. ACS NANO 2020; 14:1296-1318. [PMID: 32011856 PMCID: PMC10067273 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell reprogramming is a revolutionized biotechnology that offers a powerful tool to engineer cell fate and function for regenerative medicine, disease modeling, drug discovery, and beyond. Leveraging advances in biomaterials and micro/nanotechnologies can enhance the reprogramming performance in vitro and in vivo through the development of delivery strategies and the control of biophysical and biochemical cues. In this review, we present an overview of the state-of-the-art technologies for cell reprogramming and highlight the recent breakthroughs in engineering biomaterials with micro/nanotechnologies to improve reprogramming efficiency and quality. Finally, we discuss future directions and challenges for reprogramming technologies and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fang
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- Department of Medicine , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Yuan-Yu Hsueh
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine , National Cheng Kung University Hospital , Tainan 70456 , Taiwan
| | - Jennifer Soto
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- Department of Medicine , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Wujin Sun
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Jinqiang Wang
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Zhen Gu
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angles , California 90095 , United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angles , California 90095 , United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- Department of Radiology , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Song Li
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- Department of Medicine , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angles , California 90095 , United States
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15
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Pathogenic Pathways in Early-Onset Autosomal Recessive Parkinson's Disease Discovered Using Isogenic Human Dopaminergic Neurons. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 14:75-90. [PMID: 31902706 PMCID: PMC6962705 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex and highly variable neurodegenerative disease. Familial PD is caused by mutations in several genes with diverse and mostly unknown functions. It is unclear how dysregulation of these genes results in the relatively selective death of nigral dopaminergic neurons (DNs). To address this question, we modeled PD by knocking out the PD genes PARKIN (PRKN), DJ-1 (PARK7), and ATP13A2 (PARK9) in independent isogenic human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) lines. We found increased levels of oxidative stress in all PD lines. Increased death of DNs upon differentiation was found only in the PARKIN knockout line. Using quantitative proteomics, we observed dysregulation of mitochondrial and lysosomal function in all of the lines, as well as common and distinct molecular defects caused by the different PD genes. Our results suggest that precise delineation of PD subtypes will require evaluation of molecular and clinical data. CRISPR knockin of reporter in TH locus allows live tracking and isolation of DNs Large-scale 3D midbrain DN differentiation using spinner flask culture Phenotypic comparison of isogenic DNs harboring knockouts of PARKIN, DJ-1, or ATP13A2 Transcriptomics and quantitative proteomics studies determine common and distinct PD pathways
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16
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Le MNT, Hasegawa K. Expansion Culture of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells and Production of Cardiomyocytes. Bioengineering (Basel) 2019; 6:E48. [PMID: 31137703 PMCID: PMC6632060 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering6020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSCs)-derived cardiomyocytes for the treatment of heart failure is a promising therapy. In order to implement this therapy requiring numerous cardiomyocytes, substantial production of hPSCs followed by cardiac differentiation seems practical. Conventional methods of culturing hPSCs involve using a 2D culture monolayer that hinders the expansion of hPSCs, thereby limiting their productivity. Advanced culture of hPSCs in 3D aggregates in the suspension overcomes the limitations of 2D culture and attracts immense attention. Although the hPSC production needs to be suitable for subsequent cardiac differentiation, many studies have independently focused on either expansion of hPSCs or cardiac differentiation protocols. In this review, we summarize the recent approaches to expand hPSCs in combination with cardiomyocyte differentiation. A comparison of various suspension culture methods and future prospects for dynamic culture of hPSCs are discussed in this study. Understanding hPSC characteristics in different models of dynamic culture helps to produce numerous cells that are useful for further clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Nguyen Tuyet Le
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Kouichi Hasegawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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17
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Human Pluripotent Stem Cells: Applications and Challenges for Regenerative Medicine and Disease Modeling. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 171:189-224. [PMID: 31740987 DOI: 10.1007/10_2019_117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, human pluripotent stem (hPS) cells have started to emerge as a potential tool with application in fields such as regenerative medicine, disease modeling, and drug screening. In particular, the ability to differentiate human-induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells into different cell types and to mimic structures and functions of a specific target organ, resourcing to organoid technology, has introduced novel model systems for disease recapitulation while offering a powerful tool to provide a faster and reproducible approach in the process of drug discovery. All these technologies are expected to improve the overall quality of life of the humankind. Here, we highlight the main applications of hiPS cells and the main challenges associated with the translation of hPS cell derivatives into clinical settings and other biomedical applications, such as the costs of the process and the ability to mimic the complexity of the in vivo systems. Moreover, we focus on the bioprocessing approaches that can be applied towards the production of high numbers of cells as well as their efficient differentiation into the final product and further purification.
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18
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Wang B, Tu X, Wei J, Wang L, Chen Y. Substrate elasticity dependent colony formation and cardiac differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells. Biofabrication 2018; 11:015005. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aae0a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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19
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Lee E, Sivalingam J, Lim ZR, Chia G, Shi LG, Roberts M, Loh YH, Reuveny S, Oh SKW. Review: In vitro generation of red blood cells for transfusion medicine: Progress, prospects and challenges. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:2118-2128. [PMID: 30273713 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In vitro generation of red blood cells (RBCs) has the potential to circumvent the shortfalls in global demand for blood for transfusion applications. The conventional approach for RBC generation has been from differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) derived from cord blood, adult bone marrow or peripheral blood. More recently, RBCs have been generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) as well as from immortalized adult erythroid progenitors. In this review, we highlight the recent advances to RBC generation from these different approaches and discuss the challenges and new strategies that can potentially make large-scale in vitro generation of RBCs a feasible approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmond Lee
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138668, Republic of Singapore; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Jaichandran Sivalingam
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138668, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Zhong Ri Lim
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138668, Republic of Singapore
| | - Gloryn Chia
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138668, Republic of Singapore
| | - Low Gin Shi
- Brilliant Research Pte. Ltd, Singapore 139955, Republic of Singapore
| | - Mackenna Roberts
- Oxford-University College London Centre for the Advancement of Sustainable Medical Innovation, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Yuin-Han Loh
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138668, Republic of Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Shaul Reuveny
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138668, Republic of Singapore
| | - Steve Kah-Weng Oh
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138668, Republic of Singapore
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20
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Three-dimensional culture of chicken primordial germ cells (cPGCs) in defined media containing the functional polymer FP003. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200515. [PMID: 30240390 PMCID: PMC6150485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Scalable production of avian cell lines exhibits a valuable potential on therapeutic application by producing recombinant proteins and as the substrate for virus growth due to the special glycosylation occurs in avian species. Chicken primordial germ cells (cPGCs), a germinal pluripotent avian cell type, present the ability of self-renewal, an anchorage-independent cell growth and the ability to be genetically modified. This cell type could be an interesting bioreactor system for industrial purposes. This study sought to establish an expandable culture system with defined components for three-dimensional (3D) culture of cPGCs. cPGCs were cultured in medium supplemented with the functional polymer FP003. Viscoelasticity was low in this medium but cPGCs did not sediment in culture and efficiencies of space and nutrient utilization were thus enhanced and consequently their expansion was improved. The total number of cPGCs increased by 17-fold after 1 week of culture in 3D-FAot medium, an aseric defined medium containing FP003 polymer, FGF2 and Activin A as growth factors and Ovotransferrin as protein. Moreover, cPGC cell lines stably expressed the germline-specific reporter VASA:tdTOMATO, as well as other markers of cPGCs, for more than 1 month upon culture in 3D-FAot medium, indicating that the characteristics of these cells are maintained. In summary, this novel 3D culture system can be used to efficiently expand cPGCs in suspension without mechanical stirring, which is available for long-term culture and no loss of cellular properties was found. This system provides a platform for large-scale culture of cPGCs.
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21
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Li Y, Jiang X, Li L, Chen ZN, Gao G, Yao R, Sun W. 3D printing human induced pluripotent stem cells with novel hydroxypropyl chitin bioink: scalable expansion and uniform aggregation. Biofabrication 2018; 10:044101. [PMID: 29952313 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aacfc3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are more likely to successfully avoid the immunological rejection and ethical problems that are often encountered by human embryonic stem cells in various stem cell studies and applications. To transfer hiPSCs from the laboratory to clinical applications, researchers must obtain sufficient cell numbers. In this study, 3D cell printing was used as a novel method for iPSC scalable expansion. Hydroxypropyl chitin (HPCH), utilized as a new type of bioink, and a set of optimized printing parameters were shown to achieve high cell survival (>90%) after the printing process and high proliferation efficiency (∼32.3 folds) during subsequent 10 d culture. After the culture, high levels of pluripotency maintenance were recognized by both qualitative and quantitative detections. Compared with static suspension culture, hiPSC aggregates formed in 3D-printed constructs showed a higher uniformity in size. Using a novel dual-fluorescent labeling method, hiPSC aggregates in the constructs were found more inclined to form by in situ proliferation rather than multicellular aggregation. This study revealed unique advantages of non-ionic crosslinking bioink material HPCH, including high gel strength and rapid temperature response in hiPSC printing, and achieved primed state hiPSC printing for the first time. Features achieved in this study, such as high cell yield, high pluripotency maintenance and uniform aggregation provide good foundations for further hiPSC studies on 3D micro-tissue differentiation and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China. 111 'Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems' Innovation International Talents Base, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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22
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Srinivasan G, Morgan D, Varun D, Brookhouser N, Brafman DA. An integrated biomanufacturing platform for the large-scale expansion and neuronal differentiation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells. Acta Biomater 2018; 74:168-179. [PMID: 29775730 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell derived neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) have the unique properties of long-term in vitro expansion as well as differentiation into the various neurons and supporting cell types of the central nervous system (CNS). Because of these characteristics, hNPCs have tremendous potential in the modeling and treatment of various CNS diseases and disorders. However, expansion and neuronal differentiation of hNPCs in quantities necessary for these applications is not possible with current two dimensional (2-D) approaches. Here, we used a fully defined peptide substrate as the basis for a microcarrier (MC)-based suspension culture system. Several independently derived hNPC lines were cultured on MCs for multiple passages as well as efficiently differentiated to neurons. Finally, this MC-based system was used in conjunction with a low shear rotating wall vessel (RWV) bioreactor for the integrated, large-scale expansion and neuronal differentiation of hNPCs. Overall, this fully defined and scalable biomanufacturing system will facilitate the generation of hNPCs and their neuronal derivatives in quantities necessary for basic and translational applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE In this work, we developed a microcarrier (MC)-based culture system that allows for the expansion and neuronal differentiation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) under defined conditions. In turn, this MC approach was implemented in a rotating wall vessel (RWV) bioreactor for the large-scale expansion and neuronal differentiation of hNPCs. This work is of significance as it overcomes current limitations of conventional two dimensional (2-D) culture systems to enable the generation of hNPCs and their neuronal derivatives in quantities required for downstream applications in disease modeling, drug screening, and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Srinivasan
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, United States
| | - Daylin Morgan
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, United States
| | - Divya Varun
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, United States
| | - Nicholas Brookhouser
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, United States
| | - David A Brafman
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, United States.
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23
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Modulating cell state to enhance suspension expansion of human pluripotent stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:6369-6374. [PMID: 29866848 PMCID: PMC6016797 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1714099115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient manufacturing is critical for the translation of cell-based therapies to clinical applications. To date, high-yield expansion of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) in suspension bioreactors has not been reported. Here, we present a strategy to shift suspension-grown hPSC to a high-yield state without compromising their ability to differentiate to all three germ layers. In this new state, hPSC expand to densities 5.7 ± 0.2-fold higher than conventional hPSC each passage in suspension bioreactors. High-density suspension cultures enable process intensification, cost reduction, and more efficient manufacturing. This work advances cell-state engineering as a valuable tool to overcome current challenges in therapeutic cell production and processing. The development of cell-based therapies to replace missing or damaged tissues within the body or generate cells with a unique biological activity requires a reliable and accessible source of cells. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) have emerged as a strong candidate cell source capable of extended propagation in vitro and differentiation to clinically relevant cell types. However, the application of hPSC in cell-based therapies requires overcoming yield limitations in large-scale hPSC manufacturing. We explored methods to convert hPSC to alternative states of pluripotency with advantageous bioprocessing properties, identifying a suspension-based small-molecule and cytokine combination that supports increased single-cell survival efficiency, faster growth rates, higher densities, and greater expansion than control hPSC cultures. ERK inhibition was found to be essential for conversion to this altered state, but once converted, ERK inhibition led to a loss of pluripotent phenotype in suspension. The resulting suspension medium formulation enabled hPSC suspension yields 5.7 ± 0.2-fold greater than conventional hPSC in 6 d, for at least five passages. Treated cells remained pluripotent, karyotypically normal, and capable of differentiating into all germ layers. Treated cells could also be integrated into directed differentiated strategies as demonstrated by the generation of pancreatic progenitors (NKX6.1+/PDX1+ cells). Enhanced suspension-yield hPSC displayed higher oxidative metabolism and altered expression of adhesion-related genes. The enhanced bioprocess properties of this alternative pluripotent state provide a strategy to overcome cell manufacturing limitations of hPSC.
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24
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Lipsitz YY, Tonge PD, Zandstra PW. Chemically controlled aggregation of pluripotent stem cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:2061-2066. [PMID: 29679475 PMCID: PMC6055717 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneity in pluripotent stem cell (PSC) aggregation leads to variability in mass transfer and signaling gradients between aggregates, which results in heterogeneous differentiation and therefore variability in product quality and yield. We have characterized a chemical‐based method to control aggregate size within a specific, tunable range with low heterogeneity, thereby reducing process variability in PSC expansion. This method enables controlled, scalable, stirred suspension‐based manufacturing of PSC cultures that are critical for the translation of regenerative medicine strategies to clinical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan Y. Lipsitz
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Peter D. Tonge
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Centre for Commercialization of Regenerative MedicineTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Peter W. Zandstra
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Centre for Commercialization of Regenerative MedicineTorontoOntarioCanada
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular ResearchUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Medicine by Design: A Canada First Research Excellence Fund ProgramUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Michael Smith LaboratoriesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
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25
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Koch L, Deiwick A, Franke A, Schwanke K, Haverich A, Zweigerdt R, Chichkov B. Laser bioprinting of human induced pluripotent stem cells—the effect of printing and biomaterials on cell survival, pluripotency, and differentiation. Biofabrication 2018; 10:035005. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aab981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Levinson Y, Beri RG, Holderness K, Ben-Nun IF, Shi Y, Abraham E. Bespoke cell therapy manufacturing platforms. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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27
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Musunuru K, Sheikh F, Gupta RM, Houser SR, Maher KO, Milan DJ, Terzic A, Wu JC. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Cardiovascular Disease Modeling and Precision Medicine: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. CIRCULATION. GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2018; 11:e000043. [PMID: 29874173 PMCID: PMC6708586 DOI: 10.1161/hcg.0000000000000043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer an unprece-dented opportunity to study human physiology and disease at the cellular level. They also have the potential to be leveraged in the practice of precision medicine, for example, personalized drug testing. This statement comprehensively describes the provenance of iPSC lines, their use for cardiovascular disease modeling, their use for precision medicine, and strategies through which to promote their wider use for biomedical applications. Human iPSCs exhibit properties that render them uniquely qualified as model systems for studying human diseases: they are of human origin, which means they carry human genomes; they are pluripotent, which means that in principle, they can be differentiated into any of the human body's somatic cell types; and they are stem cells, which means they can be expanded from a single cell into millions or even billions of cell progeny. iPSCs offer the opportunity to study cells that are genetically matched to individual patients, and genome-editing tools allow introduction or correction of genetic variants. Initial progress has been made in using iPSCs to better understand cardiomyopathies, rhythm disorders, valvular and vascular disorders, and metabolic risk factors for ischemic heart disease. This promising work is still in its infancy. Similarly, iPSCs are only just starting to be used to identify the optimal medications to be used in patients from whom the cells were derived. This statement is intended to (1) summarize the state of the science with respect to the use of iPSCs for modeling of cardiovascular traits and disorders and for therapeutic screening; (2) identify opportunities and challenges in the use of iPSCs for disease modeling and precision medicine; and (3) outline strategies that will facilitate the use of iPSCs for biomedical applications. This statement is not intended to address the use of stem cells as regenerative therapy, such as transplantation into the body to treat ischemic heart disease or heart failure.
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Meng G, Liu S, Poon A, Rancourt DE. Optimizing Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Expansion in Stirred-Suspension Culture. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:1804-1817. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Meng
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Shiying Liu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Anna Poon
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Derrick E. Rancourt
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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29
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Kwok CK, Ueda Y, Kadari A, Günther K, Ergün S, Heron A, Schnitzler AC, Rook M, Edenhofer F. Scalable stirred suspension culture for the generation of billions of human induced pluripotent stem cells using single‐use bioreactors. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e1076-e1087. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chee Keong Kwok
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine GroupInstitute of Anatomy and Cell Biology II, University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Yuichiro Ueda
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine GroupInstitute of Anatomy and Cell Biology II, University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Asifiqbal Kadari
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine GroupInstitute of Anatomy and Cell Biology II, University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Katharina Günther
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine GroupInstitute of Anatomy and Cell Biology II, University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine GroupInstitute of Anatomy and Cell Biology II, University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Antoine Heron
- The life science business of Merck KGaA Darmstadt Germany
| | | | - Martha Rook
- EMD Millipore Corporation Bedford Massachusetts USA
| | - Frank Edenhofer
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine GroupInstitute of Anatomy and Cell Biology II, University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, Genomics, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Leopold‐Franzens‐University & CMBI Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
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30
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Li Y, Li L, Chen ZN, Gao G, Yao R, Sun W. Engineering-derived approaches for iPSC preparation, expansion, differentiation and applications. Biofabrication 2017; 9:032001. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa7e9a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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31
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Cell fiber-based three-dimensional culture system for highly efficient expansion of human induced pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2850. [PMID: 28588295 PMCID: PMC5460280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03246-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells are a potentially powerful cellular resource for application in regenerative medicine. Because such applications require large numbers of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cells, a scalable culture system of human pluripotent stem cell needs to be developed. Several suspension culture systems for human pluripotent stem cell expansion exist; however, it is difficult to control the thickness of cell aggregations in these systems, leading to increased cell death likely caused by limited diffusion of gases and nutrients into the aggregations. Here, we describe a scalable culture system using the cell fiber technology for the expansion of human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. The cells were encapsulated and cultured within the core region of core-shell hydrogel microfibers, resulting in the formation of rod-shaped or fiber-shaped cell aggregations with sustained thickness and high viability. By encapsulating the cells with type I collagen, we demonstrated a long-term culture of the cells by serial passaging at a high expansion rate (14-fold in four days) while retaining its pluripotency. Therefore, our culture system could be used for large-scale expansion of human pluripotent stem cells for use in regenerative medicine.
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32
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Roh KH, Nerem RM, Roy K. Biomanufacturing of Therapeutic Cells: State of the Art, Current Challenges, and Future Perspectives. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2017; 7:455-78. [PMID: 27276552 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-080615-033559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells and other functionally defined therapeutic cells (e.g., T cells) are promising to bring hope of a permanent cure for diseases and disorders that currently cannot be cured by conventional drugs or biological molecules. This paradigm shift in modern medicine of using cells as novel therapeutics can be realized only if suitable manufacturing technologies for large-scale, cost-effective, reproducible production of high-quality cells can be developed. Here we review the state of the art in therapeutic cell manufacturing, including cell purification and isolation, activation and differentiation, genetic modification, expansion, packaging, and preservation. We identify current challenges and discuss opportunities to overcome them such that cell therapies become highly effective, safe, and predictively reproducible while at the same time becoming affordable and widely available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ho Roh
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0313; .,The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Robert M Nerem
- The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332.,The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Krishnendu Roy
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0313; .,The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
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33
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Nampe D, Joshi R, Keller K, Zur Nieden NI, Tsutsui H. Impact of fluidic agitation on human pluripotent stem cells in stirred suspension culture. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:2109-2120. [PMID: 28480972 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The success of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) as a source of future cell therapies hinges, in part, on the availability of a robust and scalable culture system that can readily produce a clinically relevant number of cells and their derivatives. Stirred suspension culture has been identified as one such promising platform due to its ease of use, scalability, and widespread use in the pharmaceutical industry (e.g., CHO cell-based production of therapeutic proteins) among others. However, culture of undifferentiated hPSCs in stirred suspension is a relatively new development within the past several years, and little is known beyond empirically optimized culture parameters. In particular, detailed characterizations of different agitation rates and their influence on the propagation of hPSCs are often not reported in the literature. In the current study, we systematically investigated various agitation rates to characterize their impact on cell yield, viability, and the maintenance of pluripotency. Additionally, we closely examined the distribution of cell aggregates and how the observed culture outcomes are attributed to their size distribution. Overall, our results showed that moderate agitation maximized the propagation of hPSCs to approximately 38-fold over 7 days by keeping the cell aggregates below the critical size, beyond which the cells are impacted by the diffusion limit, while limiting cell death caused by excessive fluidic forces. Furthermore, we observed that fluidic agitation could regulate not only cell aggregation, but also expression of some key signaling proteins in hPSCs. This indicates a new possibility to guide stem cell fate determination by fluidic agitation in stirred suspension cultures. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 2109-2120. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nampe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521.,Stem Cell Center, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Ronak Joshi
- Stem Cell Center, University of California, Riverside, California 92521.,Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Kevin Keller
- Stem Cell Center, University of California, Riverside, California 92521.,Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Nicole I Zur Nieden
- Stem Cell Center, University of California, Riverside, California 92521.,Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Hideaki Tsutsui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521.,Stem Cell Center, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
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34
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Lalwani G, D'agati M, Gopalan A, Patel SC, Talukdar Y, Sitharaman B. Three-dimensional carbon nanotube scaffolds for long-term maintenance and expansion of human mesenchymal stem cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:1927-1939. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Lalwani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook New York 11794-5281
| | - Michael D'agati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook New York 11794-5281
| | - Anu Gopalan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook New York 11794-5281
| | - Sunny C. Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook New York 11794-5281
| | - Yahfi Talukdar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook New York 11794-5281
| | - Balaji Sitharaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook New York 11794-5281
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35
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Liu L, Kamei KI, Yoshioka M, Nakajima M, Li J, Fujimoto N, Terada S, Tokunaga Y, Koyama Y, Sato H, Hasegawa K, Nakatsuji N, Chen Y. Nano-on-micro fibrous extracellular matrices for scalable expansion of human ES/iPS cells. Biomaterials 2017; 124:47-54. [PMID: 28187394 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) hold great potential for industrial and clinical applications. Clinical-grade scaffolds and high-quality hPSCs are required for cell expansion as well as easy handling and manipulation of the products. Current hPSC culture methods do not fulfill these requirements because of a lack of proper extracellular matrices (ECMs) and cell culture wares. We developed a layered nano-on-micro fibrous cellular matrix mimicking ECM, named "fiber-on-fiber (FF)" matrix, which enables easy handling and manipulation of cultured cells. While non-woven sheets of cellulose and polyglycolic acid were used as a microfiber layer facilitating mechanical stability, electrospun gelatin nanofibers were crosslinked on the microfiber layer, generating a mesh structure with connected nanofibers facilitating cell adhesion and growth. Our results showed that the FF matrix supports effective hPSC culture with maintenance of their pluripotency and normal chromosomes over two months, as well as effective scaled-up expansion, with fold increases of 54.1 ± 15.6 and 40.4 ± 8.4 in cell number per week for H1 human embryonic stem cells and 253G1 human induced pluripotent stem cells, respectively. This simple approach to mimick the ECM may have important implications after further optimization to generate lineage-specific products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Kamei
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Momoko Yoshioka
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Minako Nakajima
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Junjun Li
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Nanae Fujimoto
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan
| | - Shiho Terada
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yumie Tokunaga
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshie Koyama
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hideki Sato
- QOL Research Center, Gunze Limited, Kyoto, 623-8512 Japan
| | - Kouichi Hasegawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Norio Nakatsuji
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yong Chen
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS-ENS-UPMC UMR 8640, 24 Rue Lhomond, Paris, 75005, France.
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36
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Adil MM, Rodrigues GMC, Kulkarni RU, Rao AT, Chernavsky NE, Miller EW, Schaffer DV. Efficient generation of hPSC-derived midbrain dopaminergic neurons in a fully defined, scalable, 3D biomaterial platform. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40573. [PMID: 28091566 PMCID: PMC5238378 DOI: 10.1038/srep40573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have major potential as an unlimited source of functional cells for many biomedical applications; however, the development of cell manufacturing systems to enable this promise faces many challenges. For example, there have been major recent advances in the generation of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons from stem cells for Parkinson's Disease (PD) therapy; however, production of these cells typically involves undefined components and difficult to scale 2D culture formats. Here, we used a fully defined, 3D, thermoresponsive biomaterial platform to rapidly generate large numbers of action-potential firing mDA neurons after 25 days of differentiation (~40% tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive, maturing into 25% cells exhibiting mDA neuron-like spiking behavior). Importantly, mDA neurons generated in 3D exhibited a 30-fold increase in viability upon implantation into rat striatum compared to neurons generated on 2D, consistent with the elevated expression of survival markers FOXA2 and EN1 in 3D. A defined, scalable, and resource-efficient cell culture platform can thus rapidly generate high quality differentiated cells, both neurons and potentially other cell types, with strong potential to accelerate both basic and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroof M. Adil
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Gonçalo M. C. Rodrigues
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Antara T. Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Nicole E. Chernavsky
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Evan W. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - David V. Schaffer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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37
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Bulk cell density and Wnt/TGFbeta signalling regulate mesendodermal patterning of human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13602. [PMID: 27934856 PMCID: PMC5155150 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) recapitulates early aspects of human embryogenesis, but the underlying processes are poorly understood and controlled. Here we show that modulating the bulk cell density (BCD: cell number per culture volume) deterministically alters anteroposterior patterning of primitive streak (PS)-like priming. The BCD in conjunction with the chemical WNT pathway activator CHIR99021 results in distinct paracrine microenvironments codifying hPSCs towards definitive endoderm, precardiac or presomitic mesoderm within the first 24 h of differentiation, respectively. Global gene expression and secretome analysis reveals that TGFß superfamily members, antagonist of Nodal signalling LEFTY1 and CER1, are paracrine determinants restricting PS progression. These data result in a tangible model disclosing how hPSC-released factors deflect CHIR99021-induced lineage commitment over time. By demonstrating a decisive, functional role of the BCD, we show its utility as a method to control lineage-specific differentiation. Furthermore, these findings have profound consequences for inter-experimental comparability, reproducibility, bioprocess optimization and scale-up.
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38
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Miranda CC, Fernandes TG, Diogo MM, Cabral JMS. Scaling up a chemically-defined aggregate-based suspension culture system for neural commitment of human pluripotent stem cells. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:1628-1638. [PMID: 27754603 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The demand of high cell numbers for applications in cellular therapies and drug screening requires the development of scalable platforms capable to generating highly pure populations of tissue-specific cells from human pluripotent stem cells. In this work, we describe the scaling-up of an aggregate-based culture system for neural induction of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) under chemically-defined conditions. A combination of non-enzymatic dissociation and rotary agitation was successfully used to produce homogeneous populations of hiPSC aggregates with an optimal (140 μm) and narrow distribution of diameters (coefficient of variation of 21.6%). Scalable neural commitment of hiPSCs as 3D aggregates was performed in 50 mL spinner flasks, and the process was optimized using a factorial design approach, involving parameters such as agitation rate and seeding density. We were able to produce neural progenitor cell cultures, that at the end of a 6-day neural induction process contained less than 3% of Oct4-positive cells and that, after replating, retained more than 60% of Pax6-positive neural cells. The results here presented should set the stage for the future generation of a clinically relevant number of human neural progenitors for transplantation and other biomedical applications using controlled, automated and reproducible large-scale bioreactor culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia C Miranda
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tiago G Fernandes
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Margarida Diogo
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Miyagawa S, Fukushima S, Imanishi Y, Kawamura T, Mochizuki-Oda N, Masuda S, Sawa Y. Building A New Treatment For Heart Failure-Transplantation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Cells into the Heart. Curr Gene Ther 2016; 16:5-13. [PMID: 26785736 PMCID: PMC4997929 DOI: 10.2174/1566523216666160119094143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Advanced cardiac failure is a progressive intractable disease and is the main cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Since this pathology is represented by a definite decrease in cardiomyocyte number, supplementation of functional cardiomyocytes into the heart would hypothetically be an ideal therapeutic option. Recently, unlimited in vitro production of human functional cardiomyocytes was established by using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology, which avoids the use of human embryos. A number of basic studies including ours have shown that transplantation of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) into the damaged heart leads to recovery of cardiac function, thereby establishing “proof-of-concept” of this iPSC-transplantation therapy. However, considering clinical application of this therapy, its feasibility, safety, and therapeutic efficacy need to be further investigated in the pre-clinical stage. This review summarizes up-to-date important topics related to safety and efficacy of iPSC-CMs transplantation therapy for cardiac disease and discusses the prospects for this treatment in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yoshiki Sawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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40
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Miyamoto Y, Ikeuchi M, Noguchi H, Yagi T, Hayashi S. Enhanced Adipogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in an In Vitro Microenvironment: The Preparation of Adipose-Like Microtissues Using a Three-Dimensional Culture. CELL MEDICINE 2016; 9:35-44. [PMID: 28174673 DOI: 10.3727/215517916x693096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The application of stem cells for cell therapy has been extensively studied in recent years. Among the various types of stem cells, human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) can be obtained in large quantities with relatively few passages, and they possess a stable quality. ASCs can differentiate into a number of cell types, such as adipose cells and ectodermal cells. We therefore focused on the in vitro microenvironment required for such differentiation and attempted to induce the differentiation of human stem cells into microtissues using a microelectromechanical system. We first evaluated the adipogenic differentiation of human ASC spheroids in a three-dimensional (3D) culture. We then created the in vitro microenvironment using a 3D combinatorial TASCL device and attempted to induce the adipogenic differentiation of human ASCs. The differentiation of human ASC spheroids cultured in maintenance medium and those cultured in adipocyte differentiation medium was evaluated via Oil red O staining using lipid droplets based on the quantity of accumulated triglycerides. The differentiation was confirmed in both media, but the human ASCs in the 3D cultures contained higher amounts of triglycerides than those in the 2D cultures. In the short culture period, greater adipogenic differentiation was observed in the 3D cultures than in the 2D cultures. The 3D culture using the TASCL device with adipogenic differentiation medium promoted greater differentiation of human ASCs into adipogenic lineages than either a 2D culture or a culture using a maintenance medium. In summary, the TASCL device created a hospitable in vitro microenvironment and may therefore be a useful tool for the induction of differentiation in 3D culture. The resultant human ASC spheroids were "adipose-like microtissues" that formed spherical aggregation perfectly and are expected to be applicable in regenerative medicine as well as cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Miyamoto
- Department of Advanced Medicine in Biotechnology and Robotics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan; †Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Ikeuchi
- †Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; ‡PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology (JST), Saitama, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Noguchi
- § Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus , Okinawa , Japan
| | - Tohru Yagi
- ¶ School of Information Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Shuji Hayashi
- Department of Advanced Medicine in Biotechnology and Robotics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Showa-ku, Nagoya , Japan
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41
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Ohnuki M, Takahashi K. Present and future challenges of induced pluripotent stem cells. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 370:20140367. [PMID: 26416678 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing old is our destiny. However, the mature differentiated cells making up our body can be rejuvenated to an embryo-like fate called pluripotency which is an ability to differentiate into all cell types by enforced expression of defined transcription factors. The discovery of this induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has opened up unprecedented opportunities in regenerative medicine, disease modelling and drug discovery. In this review, we introduce the applications and future perspectives of human iPSCs and we also show how iPSC technology has evolved along the way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Ohnuki
- Department Biology II, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 82152 Martinsried Planegg, Germany
| | - Kazutoshi Takahashi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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42
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Chen IY, Matsa E, Wu JC. Induced pluripotent stem cells: at the heart of cardiovascular precision medicine. Nat Rev Cardiol 2016; 13:333-49. [PMID: 27009425 DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2016.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The advent of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology has revitalized the efforts in the past decade to realize more fully the potential of human embryonic stem cells for scientific research. Adding to the possibility of generating an unlimited amount of any cell type of interest, hiPSC technology now enables the derivation of cells with patient-specific phenotypes. Given the introduction and implementation of the large-scale Precision Medicine Initiative, hiPSC technology will undoubtedly have a vital role in the advancement of cardiovascular research and medicine. In this Review, we summarize the progress that has been made in the field of hiPSC technology, with particular emphasis on cardiovascular disease modelling and drug development. The growing roles of hiPSC technology in the practice of precision medicine will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Y Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Elena Matsa
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Kempf H, Andree B, Zweigerdt R. Large-scale production of human pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 96:18-30. [PMID: 26658242 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine, including preclinical studies in large animal models and tissue engineering approaches as well as innovative assays for drug discovery, will require the constant supply of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and other functional progenies. Respective cell production processes must be robust, economically viable and ultimately GMP-compliant. Recent research has enabled transition of lab scale protocols for hPSC expansion and cardiomyogenic differentiation towards more controlled processing in industry-compatible culture platforms. Here, advanced strategies for the cultivation and differentiation of hPSCs will be reviewed by focusing on stirred bioreactor-based techniques for process upscaling. We will discuss how cardiomyocyte mass production might benefit from recent findings such as cell expansion at the cardiovascular progenitor state. Finally, remaining challenges will be highlighted, specifically regarding three dimensional (3D) hPSC suspension culture and critical safety issues ahead of clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Kempf
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Germany; REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Birgit Andree
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Germany; REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Germany; REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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Kerscher P, Turnbull IC, Hodge AJ, Kim J, Seliktar D, Easley CJ, Costa KD, Lipke EA. Direct hydrogel encapsulation of pluripotent stem cells enables ontomimetic differentiation and growth of engineered human heart tissues. Biomaterials 2015; 83:383-95. [PMID: 26826618 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Human engineered heart tissues have potential to revolutionize cardiac development research, drug-testing, and treatment of heart disease; however, implementation is limited by the need to use pre-differentiated cardiomyocytes (CMs). Here we show that by providing a 3D poly(ethylene glycol)-fibrinogen hydrogel microenvironment, we can directly differentiate human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into contracting heart tissues. Our straight-forward, ontomimetic approach, imitating the process of development, requires only a single cell-handling step, provides reproducible results for a range of tested geometries and size scales, and overcomes inherent limitations in cell maintenance and maturation, while achieving high yields of CMs with developmentally appropriate temporal changes in gene expression. We demonstrate that hPSCs encapsulated within this biomimetic 3D hydrogel microenvironment develop into functional cardiac tissues composed of self-aligned CMs with evidence of ultrastructural maturation, mimicking heart development, and enabling investigation of disease mechanisms and screening of compounds on developing human heart tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kerscher
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, AL, USA
| | - Irene C Turnbull
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Joonyul Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, AL, USA
| | - Dror Seliktar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Kevin D Costa
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Lipsitz YY, Zandstra PW. Human pluripotent stem cell process parameter optimization in a small scale suspension bioreactor. BMC Proc 2015. [PMCID: PMC4685349 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-9-s9-o10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Human cardiomyocyte generation from pluripotent stem cells: A state-of-art. Life Sci 2015; 145:98-113. [PMID: 26682938 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The human heart is considered a non-regenerative organ. Worldwide, cardiovascular diseases continue to be the leading cause of death. Despite advances in cardiac treatment, myocardial repair remains severely limited by the lack of an appropriate source of viable cardiomyocytes (CMs) to replace damaged tissue. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can efficiently be differentiated into functional CMs necessary for cell replacement therapy and other potential applications. The number of protocols that derive CMs from hPSCs has increased exponentially over the past decade following observation of the first human beating CMs. A number of highly efficient, chemical based protocols have been developed to generate human CMs (hCMs) in small-scale and large-scale suspension systems. To reduce the heterogeneity of hPSC-derived CMs, the differentiation protocols were modulated to exclusively generate atrial-, ventricular-, and nodal-like CM subtypes. Recently, remarkable advances have been achieved in hCM generation including chemical-based cardiac differentiation, cardiac subtype specification, large-scale suspension culture differentiation, and development of chemically defined culture conditions. These hCMs could be useful particularly in the context of in vitro disease modeling, pharmaceutical screening and in cellular replacement therapies once the safety issues are overcome. Herein we review recent progress in the in vitro generation of CMs and cardiac subtypes from hPSCs and discuss their potential applications and current limitations.
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Production of human pluripotent stem cell therapeutics under defined xeno-free conditions: progress and challenges. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2015; 11:96-109. [PMID: 25077810 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-014-9544-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances on human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have brought us closer to the realization of their clinical potential. Nonetheless, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications will require the generation of hPSC products well beyond the laboratory scale. This also mandates the production of hPSC therapeutics in fully-defined, xeno-free systems and in a reproducible manner. Toward this goal, we summarize current developments in defined media free of animal-derived components for hPSC culture. Bioinspired and synthetic extracellular matrices for the attachment, growth and differentiation of hPSCs are also reviewed. Given that most progress in xeno-free medium and substrate development has been demonstrated in two-dimensional rather than three dimensional culture systems, translation from the former to the latter poses unique difficulties. These challenges are discussed in the context of cultivation platforms of hPSCs as aggregates, on microcarriers or after encapsulation in biocompatible scaffolds.
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Campbell KA, Terzic A, Nelson TJ. Induced pluripotent stem cells for cardiovascular disease: from product-focused disease modeling to process-focused disease discovery. Regen Med 2015; 10:773-83. [PMID: 26439809 DOI: 10.2217/rme.15.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell technology offers an unprecedented opportunity to study patient-specific disease. This biotechnology platform enables recapitulation of individualized disease signatures in a dish through differentiation of patient-derived iPS cells. Beyond disease modeling, the in vitro process of differentiation toward genuine patient tissue offers a blueprint to inform disease etiology and molecular pathogenesis. Here, we highlight recent advances in patient-specific cardiac disease modeling and outline the future promise of iPS cell-based disease discovery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Campbell
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andre Terzic
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Timothy J Nelson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Center for Transplantation & Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Kempf H, Kropp C, Olmer R, Martin U, Zweigerdt R. Cardiac differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells in scalable suspension culture. Nat Protoc 2015; 10:1345-61. [PMID: 26270394 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2015.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes (CMs) generated from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are a potential cell source for regenerative therapies, drug discovery and disease modeling. All these applications require a routine supply of relatively large quantities of in vitro-generated CMs. This protocol describes a suspension culture-based strategy for the generation of hPSC-CMs as cell-only aggregates, which facilitates process development and scale-up. Aggregates are formed for 4 d in hPSC culture medium followed by 10 d of directed differentiation by applying chemical Wnt pathway modulators. The protocol is applicable to static multiwell formats supporting fast adaptation to specific hPSC line requirements. We also demonstrate how to apply the protocol using stirred tank bioreactors at a 100-ml scale, providing a well-controlled upscaling platform for CM production. In bioreactors, the generation of 40-50 million CMs per differentiation batch at >80% purity without further lineage enrichment can been achieved within 24 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Kempf
- 1] Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. [2] REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Kropp
- 1] Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. [2] REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ruth Olmer
- 1] Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. [2] REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. [3] Member of Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Martin
- 1] Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. [2] REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. [3] Member of Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- 1] Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. [2] REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Elanzew A, Sommer A, Pusch-Klein A, Brüstle O, Haupt S. A reproducible and versatile system for the dynamic expansion of human pluripotent stem cells in suspension. Biotechnol J 2015; 10:1589-99. [PMID: 26110829 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Reprogramming of patient cells to human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) has facilitated in vitro disease modeling studies aiming at deciphering the molecular and cellular mechanisms that contribute to disease pathogenesis and progression. To fully exploit the potential of hiPSC for biomedical applications, technologies that enable the standardized generation and expansion of hiPSC from large numbers of donors are required. Paralleled automated processes for the expansion of hiPSC could provide an opportunity to maximize the generation of hiPSC collections from patient cohorts while minimizing hands-on time and costs. In order to develop a simple method for the parallel expansion of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) we established a protocol for their cultivation as undifferentiated aggregates in a bench-top bioreactor system (BioLevitator™). We show that long-term expansion (10 passages) of hPSCs either in mTeSR or E8 medium preserved a normal karyotype, three-germ-layer differentiation potential and high expression of pluripotency-associated markers. The system enables the expansion from low inoculation densities (0.3 × 10(5) cells/mL) and provides a simplified, cost-efficient and time-saving method for the provision of hiPSC at midi-scale. Implementation of this protocol in cell production schemes has the potential to advance cell manufacturing in many areas of hiPSC-based medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Elanzew
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE&BRAIN Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,LIFE&BRAIN GmbH, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Oliver Brüstle
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE&BRAIN Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. .,LIFE&BRAIN GmbH, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Simone Haupt
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE&BRAIN Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. .,LIFE&BRAIN GmbH, Bonn, Germany.
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