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Hussein KH, Ahmadzada B, Correa JC, Sultan A, Wilken S, Amiot B, Nyberg SL. Liver tissue engineering using decellularized scaffolds: Current progress, challenges, and opportunities. Bioact Mater 2024; 40:280-305. [PMID: 38973992 PMCID: PMC11226731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation represents the only definitive treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease. However, the shortage of liver donors provokes a dramatic gap between available grafts and patients on the waiting list. Whole liver bioengineering, an emerging field of tissue engineering, holds great potential to overcome this gap. This approach involves two main steps; the first is liver decellularization and the second is recellularization. Liver decellularization aims to remove cellular and nuclear materials from the organ, leaving behind extracellular matrices containing different structural proteins and growth factors while retaining both the vascular and biliary networks. Recellularization involves repopulating the decellularized liver with appropriate cells, theoretically from the recipient patient, to reconstruct the parenchyma, vascular tree, and biliary network. The aim of this review is to identify the major advances in decellularization and recellularization strategies and investigate obstacles for the clinical application of bioengineered liver, including immunogenicity of the designed liver extracellular matrices, the need for standardization of scaffold fabrication techniques, selection of suitable cell sources for parenchymal repopulation, vascular, and biliary tree reconstruction. In vivo transplantation models are also summarized for evaluating the functionality of bioengineered livers. Finally, the regulatory measures and future directions for confirming the safety and efficacy of bioengineered liver are also discussed. Addressing these challenges in whole liver bioengineering may offer new solutions to meet the demand for liver transplantation and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal H. Hussein
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Boyukkhanim Ahmadzada
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Julio Cisneros Correa
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Ahmer Sultan
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Silvana Wilken
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Bruce Amiot
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Scott L. Nyberg
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Liu J, Kong G, Lu C, Wang J, Li W, Lv Z, Tong J, Liu Y, Xiong W, Li H, Fan J. IPSC-NSCs-derived exosomal let-7b-5p improves motor function after spinal cord Injury by modulating microglial/macrophage pyroptosis. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:403. [PMID: 38982427 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02697-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following spinal cord injury (SCI), the inflammatory storm initiated by microglia/macrophages poses a significant impediment to the recovery process. Exosomes play a crucial role in the transport of miRNAs, facilitating essential cellular communication through the transfer of genetic material. However, the miRNAs from iPSC-NSCs-Exos and their potential mechanisms leading to repair after SCI remain unclear. This study aims to explore the role of iPSC-NSCs-Exos in microglia/macrophage pyroptosis and reveal their potential mechanisms. METHODS iPSC-NSCs-Exos were characterized and identified using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and Western blot. A mouse SCI model and a series of in vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted to investigate the therapeutic effects of iPSC-NSCs-Exos. Subsequently, miRNA microarray analysis and rescue experiments were performed to confirm the role of miRNAs in iPSC-NSCs-Exos in SCI. Mechanistic studies were carried out using Western blot, luciferase activity assays, and RNA-ChIP. RESULTS Our findings revealed that iPSC-NSCs-derived exosomes inhibited microglia/macrophage pyroptosis at 7 days post-SCI, maintaining myelin integrity and promoting axonal growth, ultimately improving mice motor function. The miRNA microarray showed let-7b-5p to be highly enriched in iPSC-NSCs-Exos, and LRIG3 was identified as the target gene of let-7b-5p. Through a series of rescue experiments, we uncovered the connection between iPSC-NSCs and microglia/macrophages, revealing a novel target for treating SCI. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we discovered that iPSC-NSCs-derived exosomes can package and deliver let-7b-5p, regulating the expression of LRIG3 to ameliorate microglia/macrophage pyroptosis and enhance motor function in mice after SCI. This highlights the potential of combined therapy with iPSC-NSCs-Exos and let-7b-5p in promoting functional recovery and limiting inflammation following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 366 Taihu Road, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guang Kong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenlin Lu
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 366 Taihu Road, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of human anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengming Lv
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 366 Taihu Road, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Tong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 366 Taihu Road, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Songjiang Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Haijun Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 366 Taihu Road, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jin Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 366 Taihu Road, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Liu S, Xu X, Omari-Siaw E, Yu J, Deng W. Progress of reprogramming astrocytes into neuron. Mol Cell Neurosci 2024; 130:103947. [PMID: 38862082 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2024.103947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
As the main players in the central nervous system (CNS), neurons dominate most life activities. However, after accidental trauma or neurodegenerative diseases, neurons are unable to regenerate themselves. The loss of this important role can seriously affect the quality of life of patients, ranging from movement disorders to disability and even death. There is no suitable treatment to prevent or reverse this process. Therefore, the regeneration of neurons after loss has been a major clinical problem and the key to treatment. Replacing the lost neurons by transdifferentiation of other cells is the only viable approach. Although much progress has been made in stem cell therapy, ethical issues, immune rejection, and limited cell sources still hinder its clinical application. In recent years, somatic cell reprogramming technology has brought a new dawn. Among them, astrocytes, as endogenously abundant cells homologous to neurons, have good potential and application value for reprogramming into neurons, having been reprogrammed into neurons in vitro and in vivo in a variety of ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; The International Institute on Natural Products and Stem Cells (iNPS), Zhenjiang, China; Key Lab for Drug Delivery & Tissue Regeneration, Zhenjiang, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ximing Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; The International Institute on Natural Products and Stem Cells (iNPS), Zhenjiang, China; Key Lab for Drug Delivery & Tissue Regeneration, Zhenjiang, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Emmanuel Omari-Siaw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Kumasi Technical University, PO Box 854, Kumasi, Ashanti, Ghana
| | - Jiangnan Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; The International Institute on Natural Products and Stem Cells (iNPS), Zhenjiang, China; Key Lab for Drug Delivery & Tissue Regeneration, Zhenjiang, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Wenwen Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; The International Institute on Natural Products and Stem Cells (iNPS), Zhenjiang, China; Key Lab for Drug Delivery & Tissue Regeneration, Zhenjiang, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Zhenjiang, China.
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Bingnan W, Jiao T, Ghorbani A, Baghei S. Enhancing regenerative potential: A comprehensive review of stem cell transplantation for sports-related neuronal injuries, with a focus on spinal cord injuries and peripheral nervous system damage. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102429. [PMID: 38833939 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Neuronal injuries, as one of the consequences of sports-related incidents, exert a profound influence on the athletes' future, potentially leading to complete immobility and impeding their athletic pursuits. In cases of severe damage inflicted upon the spinal cord (SC) and peripheral nervous systems (PNS), the regenerative process is notably compromised, rendering it essentially inefficient. Among the pivotal therapeutic approaches for the enhancement and prevention of secondary SC injuries (SCI), stem cell transplantation (SCT) stands out prominently. Stem cells, whether directly involved in replacement and reconstruction or indirectly through modification and secretion of crucial bioenvironmental factors, engage in the intricate process of tissue regeneration. Stem cells, through the secretion of neurotrophic factors (NTFs) (aiming to modulate the immune system), reduction of inflammation, axonal growth stimulation, and myelin formation, endeavor to facilitate the regeneration of damaged SC tissue. The fundamental challenges of this approach encompass the proper selection of suitable stem cell candidates for transplantation and the establishment of an appropriate microenvironment conducive to SC repair. In this article, an attempt has been made to explore sports-related injuries, particularly SCI, to comprehensively review innovative methods for treating SCI, and to address the existing challenges. Additionally, some of the stem cells used in neural injuries and the process of their utilization have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Bingnan
- Department of P.E, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Tong Jiao
- The High School Attached to Hunan Normal University Bocai Experimental Middle School,Changsha 410208, China.
| | - A Ghorbani
- Biotechnology Department, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sh Baghei
- Biotechnology Department, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
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Lin YC, Ku CC, Wuputra K, Liu CJ, Wu DC, Satou M, Mitsui Y, Saito S, Yokoyama KK. Possible Strategies to Reduce the Tumorigenic Risk of Reprogrammed Normal and Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5177. [PMID: 38791215 PMCID: PMC11120835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The reprogramming of somatic cells to pluripotent stem cells has immense potential for use in regenerating or redeveloping tissues for transplantation, and the future application of this method is one of the most important research topics in regenerative medicine. These cells are generated from normal cells, adult stem cells, or neoplastic cancer cells. They express embryonic stem cell markers, such as OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG, and can differentiate into all tissue types in adults, both in vitro and in vivo. However, tumorigenicity, immunogenicity, and heterogeneity of cell populations may hamper the use of this method in medical therapeutics. The risk of cancer formation is dependent on mutations of these stemness genes during the transformation of pluripotent stem cells to cancer cells and on the alteration of the microenvironments of stem cell niches at genetic and epigenetic levels. Recent reports have shown that the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from human fibroblasts could be induced using chemicals, which is a safe, easy, and clinical-grade manufacturing strategy for modifying the cell fate of human cells required for regeneration therapies. This strategy is one of the future routes for the clinical application of reprogramming therapy. Therefore, this review highlights the recent progress in research focused on decreasing the tumorigenic risk of iPSCs or iPSC-derived organoids and increasing the safety of iPSC cell preparation and their application for therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chu Lin
- School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Cha-Chien Ku
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-C.K.); (K.W.)
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-J.L.); (D.-C.W.)
- Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Kenly Wuputra
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-C.K.); (K.W.)
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-J.L.); (D.-C.W.)
- Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Chung-Jung Liu
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-J.L.); (D.-C.W.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Deng-Chyang Wu
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-J.L.); (D.-C.W.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Maki Satou
- Research Institute, Horus Co., Ltd., Iruma 358-0032, Saitama, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yukio Mitsui
- Research Institute, Horus Co., Ltd., Iruma 358-0032, Saitama, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.M.)
| | - Shigeo Saito
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-C.K.); (K.W.)
- Research Institute, Horus Co., Ltd., Iruma 358-0032, Saitama, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.M.)
- Saito Laboratory of Cell Technology, Yaita 329-1571, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kazunari K. Yokoyama
- School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-C.K.); (K.W.)
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-J.L.); (D.-C.W.)
- Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
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Zhou Z, Li Y, Wu S, Liu T, Jiang J. Host-microbiota interactions in collagen-induced arthritis rats treated with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell exosome and ginsenoside Rh2. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116515. [PMID: 38569276 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell exosome (MSCs-exo) is a class of products secreted by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that contain various biologically active substances. MSCs-exo is a promising alternative to MSCs due to their lower immunogenicity and lack of ethical constraints. Ginsenoside Rh2 (Rh2) is a hydrolyzed component of the primary active substance of ginsenosides. Rh2 has a variety of pharmacological functions, including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and antioxidant. Studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota and metabolites are critical in developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, we constructed a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model in rats. We used MSCs-exo combined with Rh2 to treat CIA rats. To observe the effect of MSCs-exo combined with Rh2 on joint inflammation, rat feces were collected for 16 rRNA amplicon sequencing and untargeted metabolomics analysis. The results showed that the arthritis index score and joint swelling of CIA rats treated with MSCs-exo in combination with Rh2 were significantly lower than those of the model and MSCs-exo alone groups. MSCs-exo and Rh2 significantly ameliorated the disturbed gut microbiota in CIA rats. The regulation of Candidatus_Saccharibacteria and Clostridium_XlVb regulation may be the most critical. Rh2 enhanced the therapeutic effect of MSCs-exo compared with the MSCs-exo -alone group. Furthermore, significant changes in gut metabolites were observed in the CIA rat group, and these differentially altered metabolites may act as messengers for host-microbiota interactions. These differential metabolites were enriched into relevant critical metabolic pathways, revealing possible pathways for host-microbiota interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongsheng Zhou
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Li
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuhui Wu
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Te Liu
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Yibin Jilin University Research Institute, Jilin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jinlan Jiang
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Ren R, Jiang J, Li X, Zhang G. Research progress of autoimmune diseases based on induced pluripotent stem cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1349138. [PMID: 38720903 PMCID: PMC11076788 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1349138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases can damage specific or multiple organs and tissues, influence the quality of life, and even cause disability and death. A 'disease in a dish' can be developed based on patients-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and iPSCs-derived disease-relevant cell types to provide a platform for pathogenesis research, phenotypical assays, cell therapy, and drug discovery. With rapid progress in molecular biology research methods including genome-sequencing technology, epigenetic analysis, '-omics' analysis and organoid technology, large amount of data represents an opportunity to help in gaining an in-depth understanding of pathological mechanisms and developing novel therapeutic strategies for these diseases. This paper aimed to review the iPSCs-based research on phenotype confirmation, mechanism exploration, drug discovery, and cell therapy for autoimmune diseases, especially multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and type 1 diabetes using iPSCs and iPSCs-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Guirong Zhang
- Shandong Yinfeng Academy of Life Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Sheikhlary S, Lopez DH, Moghimi S, Sun B. Recent Findings on Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines: An Updated Review. Biomolecules 2024; 14:503. [PMID: 38672519 PMCID: PMC11048403 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the global leading causes of death and various vaccines have been developed over the years against it, including cell-based, nucleic acid-based, and viral-based cancer vaccines. Although many vaccines have been effective in in vivo and clinical studies and some have been FDA-approved, there are major limitations to overcome: (1) developing one universal vaccine for a specific cancer is difficult, as tumors with different antigens are different for different individuals, (2) the tumor antigens may be similar to the body's own antigens, and (3) there is the possibility of cancer recurrence. Therefore, developing personalized cancer vaccines with the ability to distinguish between the tumor and the body's antigens is indispensable. This paper provides a comprehensive review of different types of cancer vaccines and highlights important factors necessary for developing efficient cancer vaccines. Moreover, the application of other technologies in cancer therapy is discussed. Finally, several insights and conclusions are presented, such as the possibility of using cold plasma and cancer stem cells in developing future cancer vaccines, to tackle the major limitations in the cancer vaccine developmental process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sheikhlary
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - David Humberto Lopez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (D.H.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Sophia Moghimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (D.H.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (D.H.L.); (S.M.)
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Sun T, Li M, Liu Q, Yu A, Cheng K, Ma J, Murphy S, McNutt PM, Zhang Y. Insights into optimizing exosome therapies for acute skin wound healing and other tissue repair. Front Med 2024; 18:258-284. [PMID: 38216854 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-1031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Exosome therapy holds great promise as a novel approach to improve acute skin wound healing. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of exosome biology and its potential applications in acute skin wound healing and beyond. Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles secreted by various stem cells, have emerged as potent mediators of intercellular communication and tissue repair. One advantage of exosome therapy is its ability to avoid potential risks associated with stem cell therapy, such as immune rejection or stem cells differentiating into unwanted cell types. However, further research is necessary to optimize exosome therapy, not only in the areas of exosome isolation, characterization, and engineering, but also in determining the optimal dose, timing, administration, and frequency of exosome therapy. Thus, optimization of exosome therapy is critical for the development of more effective and safer exosome-based therapies for acute skin wound healing and other diseases induced by cancer, ischemia, or inflammation. This review provides valuable insights into the potential of exosome therapy and highlights the need for further research to optimize exosome therapy for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjing Sun
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Mo Li
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China.
| | - Anyong Yu
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China.
| | - Kun Cheng
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Jianxing Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Sean Murphy
- Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Patrick Michael McNutt
- Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA.
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Hersh AM, Weber-Levine C, Jiang K, Theodore N. Spinal Cord Injury: Emerging Technologies. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2024; 35:243-251. [PMID: 38423740 DOI: 10.1016/j.nec.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The mainstay of treatment for spinal cord injury includes decompressive laminectomy and elevation of mean arterial pressure. However, outcomes often remain poor. Extensive research and ongoing clinical trials seek to design new treatment options for spinal cord injury, including stem cell therapy, scaffolds, brain-spine interfaces, exoskeletons, epidural electrical stimulation, ultrasound, and cerebrospinal fluid drainage. Some of these treatments are targeted at the initial acute window of injury, during which secondary damage occurs; others are designed to help patients living with chronic injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Hersh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Meyer 7-113, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. https://twitter.com/AndrewMHersh
| | - Carly Weber-Levine
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Meyer 7-113, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Kelly Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Meyer 7-113, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. https://twitter.com/kellyjjiang
| | - Nicholas Theodore
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Meyer 7-113, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Orthopaedic Surgery & Biomedical Engineering, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Surico PL, Scarabosio A, Miotti G, Grando M, Salati C, Parodi PC, Spadea L, Zeppieri M. Unlocking the versatile potential: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in ocular surface reconstruction and oculoplastics. World J Stem Cells 2024; 16:89-101. [PMID: 38455097 PMCID: PMC10915950 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v16.i2.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This review comprehensively explores the versatile potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with a specific focus on adipose-derived MSCs. Ophthalmic and oculoplastic surgery, encompassing diverse procedures for ocular and periocular enhancement, demands advanced solutions for tissue restoration, functional and aesthetic refinement, and aging. Investigating immunomodulatory, regenerative, and healing capacities of MSCs, this review underscores the potential use of adipose-derived MSCs as a cost-effective alternative from bench to bedside, addressing common unmet needs in the field of reconstructive and regenerative surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Luigi Surico
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome 00128, Italy
| | - Anna Scarabosio
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Giovanni Miotti
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Martina Grando
- Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Friuli Occidentale, San Vito al Tagliamento 33078, Italy
| | - Carlo Salati
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Pier Camillo Parodi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Leopoldo Spadea
- Eye Clinic, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome 00142, Italy
| | - Marco Zeppieri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy.
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12
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Hadzimustafic N, D’Elia A, Shamoun V, Haykal S. Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1863. [PMID: 38339142 PMCID: PMC10855589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of plastic and reconstructive surgery is restoring form and function. Historically, tissue procured from healthy portions of a patient's body has been used to fill defects, but this is limited by tissue availability. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are stem cells derived from the de-differentiation of mature somatic cells. hiPSCs are of particular interest in plastic surgery as they have the capacity to be re-differentiated into more mature cells, and cultured to grow tissues. This review aims to evaluate the applications of hiPSCs in the plastic surgery context, with a focus on recent advances and limitations. The use of hiPSCs and non-human iPSCs has been researched in the context of skin, nerve, vasculature, skeletal muscle, cartilage, and bone regeneration. hiPSCs offer a future for regenerated autologous skin grafts, flaps comprised of various tissue types, and whole functional units such as the face and limbs. Also, they can be used to model diseases affecting tissues of interest in plastic surgery, such as skin cancers, epidermolysis bullosa, and scleroderma. Tumorigenicity, immunogenicity and pragmatism still pose significant limitations. Further research is required to identify appropriate somatic origin and induction techniques to harness the epigenetic memory of hiPSCs or identify methods to manipulate epigenetic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Hadzimustafic
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (N.H.); (A.D.); (V.S.)
| | - Andrew D’Elia
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (N.H.); (A.D.); (V.S.)
| | - Valentina Shamoun
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (N.H.); (A.D.); (V.S.)
| | - Siba Haykal
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
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13
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Liu DH, Tseng HC, Lee MS, Chiou GY, Wang CT, Lin YY, Lai WY, Liu YH, Wang CY, Lee CY, Kao CL, Chen CF, Chien Y. Overcoming the challenges of scalable iPSC generation in translation medicine. J Chin Med Assoc 2024; 87:163-170. [PMID: 38132887 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000001046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in revolutionizing regenerative medicine cannot be overstated. iPSCs offer a profound opportunity for therapies involving cell replacement, disease modeling, and cell transplantation. However, the widespread application of iPSC cellular therapy faces hurdles, including the imperative to regulate iPSC differentiation rigorously and the inherent genetic disparities among individuals. To address these challenges, the concept of iPSC super donors emerges, holding exceptional genetic attributes and advantageous traits. These super donors serve as a wellspring of standardized, high-quality cell sources, mitigating inter-individual variations and augmenting the efficacy of therapy. METHODS In pursuit of this goal, our study embarked on the establishment of iPSC cell lines specifically sourced from donors possessing the HLA type (A33:03-B58:01-DRB1*03:01). The reprogramming process was meticulously executed, resulting in the successful generation of iPSC lines from these carefully selected donors. Subsequently, an extensive characterization was conducted to comprehensively understand the features and attributes of these iPSC lines. RESULTS The outcomes of our research were highly promising. The reprogramming efforts culminated in the generation of iPSC lines from donors with the specified HLA type. These iPSC lines displayed a range of distinctive characteristics that were thoroughly examined and documented. This successful generation of iPSC lines from super donors possessing advantageous genetic traits represents a significant stride towards the realization of their potential in therapeutic applications. CONCLUSION In summary, our study marks a crucial milestone in the realm of regenerative medicine. The establishment of iPSC lines from super donors with specific HLA types signifies a paradigm shift in addressing challenges related to iPSC cellular therapy. The standardized and high-quality cell sources derived from these super donors hold immense potential for various therapeutic applications. As we move forward, these findings provide a solid foundation for further research and development, ultimately propelling the field of regenerative medicine toward new horizons of efficacy and accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Hao Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Huan-Chin Tseng
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Meng-Shiue Lee
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Guang-Yuh Chiou
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chin-Tien Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Clinical Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ying Lin
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Yi Lai
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Hao Liu
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Ying Wang
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Trauma, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chen-Yi Lee
- Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chung-Lan Kao
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Fong Chen
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yueh Chien
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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14
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Frost ER, Gilchrist RB. Making human eggs in a dish: are we close? Trends Biotechnol 2024; 42:168-178. [PMID: 37625913 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
In the space of 50 years, we have seen incredible achievements in human reproductive medicine. With these leaps forward, it is no wonder that there is a major interest in women's reproductive health research, including extension of reproductive lifespan. Substantial effort is currently being made to address this challenge, including from the commercial sector. In vitro gametogenesis (IVG) in mice is a spectacular breakthrough and has the potential to offer hope to women with intractable infertility. However, with such lofty goals, some reflection may be called for: mastering all of the techniques required for complete and safe IVG in women is likely to be extraordinarily difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Frost
- Fertility & Research Centre, Discipline of Women's Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Robert B Gilchrist
- Fertility & Research Centre, Discipline of Women's Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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15
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Cross-Najafi AA, Farag K, Chen AM, Smith LJ, Zhang W, Li P, Ekser B. The Long Road to Develop Custom-built Livers: Current Status of 3D Liver Bioprinting. Transplantation 2024; 108:357-368. [PMID: 37322580 PMCID: PMC10724374 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although liver transplantation is the gold-standard therapy for end-stage liver disease, the shortage of suitable organs results in only 25% of waitlisted patients undergoing transplants. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is an emerging technology and a potential solution for personalized medicine applications. This review highlights existing 3D bioprinting technologies of liver tissues, current anatomical and physiological limitations to 3D bioprinting of a whole liver, and recent progress bringing this innovation closer to clinical use. We reviewed updated literature across multiple facets in 3D bioprinting, comparing laser, inkjet, and extrusion-based printing modalities, scaffolded versus scaffold-free systems, development of an oxygenated bioreactor, and challenges in establishing long-term viability of hepatic parenchyma and incorporating structurally and functionally robust vasculature and biliary systems. Advancements in liver organoid models have also increased their complexity and utility for liver disease modeling, pharmacologic testing, and regenerative medicine. Recent developments in 3D bioprinting techniques have improved the speed, anatomical, and physiological accuracy, and viability of 3D-bioprinted liver tissues. Optimization focusing on 3D bioprinting of the vascular system and bile duct has improved both the structural and functional accuracy of these models, which will be critical in the successful expansion of 3D-bioprinted liver tissues toward transplantable organs. With further dedicated research, patients with end-stage liver disease may soon be recipients of customized 3D-bioprinted livers, reducing or eliminating the need for immunosuppressive regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur A. Cross-Najafi
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kristine Farag
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Angela M. Chen
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lester J. Smith
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University of School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- 3D Bioprinting Core, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ping Li
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Burcin Ekser
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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16
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Krivec N, Ghosh MS, Spits C. Gains of 20q11.21 in human pluripotent stem cells: Insights from cancer research. Stem Cell Reports 2024; 19:11-27. [PMID: 38157850 PMCID: PMC10828824 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The genetic abnormalities observed in hPSC cultures worldwide have been suggested to pose an important hurdle in their safe use in regenerative medicine due to the possibility of oncogenic transformation by mutant cells in the patient posttransplantation. One of the best-characterized genetic lesions in hPSCs is the gain of 20q11.21, found in 20% of hPSC lines worldwide, and strikingly, also amplified in 20% of human cancers. In this review, we have curated the existing knowledge on the incidence of this mutation in hPSCs and cancer, explored the significance of chromosome 20q11.21 amplification in cancer progression, and reviewed the oncogenic role of the genes in the smallest common region of gain, to shed light on the significance of this mutation in hPSC-based cell therapy. Lastly, we discuss the state-of-the-art strategies devised to detect aneuploidies in hPSC cultures, avoid genetic changes in vitro cultures of hPSCs, and strategies to eliminate genetically abnormal cells from culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuša Krivec
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Manjusha S Ghosh
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claudia Spits
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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17
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Kashima M, Komura R, Sato Y, Hashimoto C, Hirata H. A resource of single-cell gene expression profiles in a planarian Dugesia japonica. Dev Growth Differ 2024; 66:43-55. [PMID: 37779230 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The freshwater planarian Dugesia japonica maintains an abundant heterogeneous cell population called neoblasts, which include adult pluripotent stem cells. Thus, it is an excellent model organism for stem cell and regeneration research. Recently, many single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) databases of several model organisms, including other planarian species, have become publicly available; these are powerful and useful resources to search for gene expression in various tissues and cells. However, the only scRNA-seq dataset for D. japonica has been limited by the number of genes detected. Herein, we collected D. japonica cells, and conducted an scRNA-seq analysis. A novel, automatic, iterative cell clustering strategy produced a dataset of 3,404 cells, which could be classified into 63 cell types based on gene expression profiles. We introduced two examples for utilizing the scRNA-seq dataset in this study using D. japonica. First, the dataset provided results consistent with previous studies as well as novel functionally relevant insights, that is, the expression of DjMTA and DjP2X-A genes in neoblasts that give rise to differentiated cells. Second, we conducted an integrative analysis of the scRNA-seq dataset and time-course bulk RNA-seq of irradiated animals, demonstrating that the dataset can help interpret differentially expressed genes captured via bulk RNA-seq. Using the R package "Seurat" and GSE223927, researchers can easily access and utilize this dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kashima
- College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Japan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Japan
| | - Rei Komura
- College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Yuki Sato
- JT Biohistory Research Hall, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Chikara Hashimoto
- JT Biohistory Research Hall, Takatsuki, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Hiromi Hirata
- College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Japan
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18
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Guo T, Wang J, Pang M, Liu W, Zhang X, Fan A, Liu H, Liu Q, Wei T, Li C, Zhao X, Lu Y. Reprogramming and multi-lineage transdifferentiation attenuate the tumorigenicity of colorectal cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105534. [PMID: 38072050 PMCID: PMC10801221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Significant advances have been made in reprogramming various somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and in multi-lineage differentiation (transdifferentiation) into different tissues. These manipulable transdifferentiating techniques may be applied in cancer therapy. Limited works have been reported that cancer cell malignancy can be switched to benign phenotypes through reprogramming techniques. Here, we reported that two colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines (DLD1, HT29) could be reprogrammed into iPSCs (D-iPSCs, H-iPSCs). D- and H-iPSCs showed reduced tumorigenesis. Furthermore, we successfully induced D- and H-iPSCs differentiation into terminally differentiated cell types such as cardiomyocyte, neuron, and adipocyte-like cells. Impressively, the differentiated cells exhibited further attenuated tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. RNA-Seq further indicated that epigenetic changes occurred after reprogramming and transdifferentiation that caused reduced tumorigenicity. Overall, our study indicated that CRC cells can be reprogrammed and further differentiated into terminally differentiated lineages with attenuation of their malignancy in vitro and in vivo. The current work sheds light on a potential multi-lineage differentiation therapeutic strategy for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Maogui Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wanning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ahui Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hengtao Liu
- Jiaen Genetics Laboratory, Beijing Jiaen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Jiaen Genetics Laboratory, Beijing Jiaen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianying Wei
- Jiaen Genetics Laboratory, Beijing Jiaen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cunxi Li
- Jiaen Genetics Laboratory, Beijing Jiaen Hospital, Beijing, China; Cytogenetics Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Human Genetics and Reproduction Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaodi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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19
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Zhu W, Li M, Zou J, Zhang D, Fang M, Sun Y, Li C, Tang M, Wang Y, Zhou Q, Zhao T, Li W, Hu Z, Hu B. Induction of local immunosuppression in allogeneic cell transplantation by cell-type-specific expression of PD-L1 and CTLA4Ig. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:2344-2355. [PMID: 37995700 PMCID: PMC10724073 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune rejection has long hindered allogeneic cell transplantation therapy. Current genetic modification approaches, including direct targeting of major histocompatibility complex or constitutive expression of immune inhibitory molecules, exhibit drawbacks such as severe adverse effects or elevated tumorigenesis risks. To overcome these limitations, we introduce an innovative approach to induce cell-type-specific immune tolerance in differentiated cells. By engineering human embryonic stem cells, we ensure the exclusive production of the immune inhibitory molecules PD-L1/CTLA4Ig in differentiated cells. Using this strategy, we generated hepatocyte-like cells expressing PD-L1 and CTLA4Ig, which effectively induced local immunotolerance. This approach was evaluated in a humanized mouse model that mimics the human immune system dynamics. We thus demonstrate a robust and selective induction of immunotolerance specific to hepatocytes, improving graft survival without observed tumorigenesis. This precise immune tolerance strategy holds great promise for advancing the development of stem cell-based therapeutics in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Jilin 130061, China
| | - Da Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Fang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Jilin 130061, China
| | - Yun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Mingming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yukai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tongbiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Zheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Jilin 130061, China.
| | - Baoyang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China.
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20
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Hasanzadeh A, Ebadati A, Dastanpour L, Aref AR, Sahandi Zangabad P, Kalbasi A, Dai X, Mehta G, Ghasemi A, Fatahi Y, Joshi S, Hamblin MR, Karimi M. Applications of Innovation Technologies for Personalized Cancer Medicine: Stem Cells and Gene-Editing Tools. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1758-1779. [PMID: 38093832 PMCID: PMC10714436 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Personalized medicine is a new approach toward safer and even cheaper treatments with minimal side effects and toxicity. Planning a therapy based on individual properties causes an effective result in a patient's treatment, especially in a complex disease such as cancer. The benefits of personalized medicine include not only early diagnosis with high accuracy but also a more appropriate and effective therapeutic approach based on the unique clinical, genetic, and epigenetic features and biomarker profiles of a specific patient's disease. In order to achieve personalized cancer therapy, understanding cancer biology plays an important role. One of the crucial applications of personalized medicine that has gained consideration more recently due to its capability in developing disease therapy is related to the field of stem cells. We review various applications of pluripotent, somatic, and cancer stem cells in personalized medicine, including targeted cancer therapy, cancer modeling, diagnostics, and drug screening. CRISPR-Cas gene-editing technology is then discussed as a state-of-the-art biotechnological advance with substantial impacts on medical and therapeutic applications. As part of this section, the role of CRISPR-Cas genome editing in recent cancer studies is reviewed as a further example of personalized medicine application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Hasanzadeh
- Cellular
and Molecular Research Center, Iran University
of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
- Department
of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
- Advances
Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
| | - Arefeh Ebadati
- Cellular
and Molecular Research Center, Iran University
of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
- Department
of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
- Advances
Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
| | - Lida Dastanpour
- Cellular
and Molecular Research Center, Iran University
of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
- Department
of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
- Advances
Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
| | - Amir R. Aref
- Department
of Medical Oncology and Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Parham Sahandi Zangabad
- Monash
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Alireza Kalbasi
- Department
of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Dai
- School of
Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial
Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Geeta Mehta
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Rogel Cancer
Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Precision
Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, United States
| | - Amir Ghasemi
- Department
of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif
University of Technology, Tehran 14588, Iran
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Nanotechnology
Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14166, Iran
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14166, Iran
- Universal
Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 14166, Iran
| | - Suhasini Joshi
- Chemical
Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research
Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University
of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
- Radiation
Biology Research Center, Iran University
of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
| | - Mahdi Karimi
- Cellular
and Molecular Research Center, Iran University
of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
- Department
of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
- Oncopathology
Research Center, Iran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
- Research
Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14166, Iran
- Applied
Biotechnology Research Centre, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 14166, Iran
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21
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Wong DCS, Harvey JP, Jurkute N, Thomasy SM, Moosajee M, Yu-Wai-Man P, Gilhooley MJ. OPA1 Dominant Optic Atrophy: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Targets. J Neuroophthalmol 2023; 43:464-474. [PMID: 37974363 PMCID: PMC10645107 DOI: 10.1097/wno.0000000000001830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David C. S. Wong
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences (DCSW, PY-W-M), John van Geest Center for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridge Eye Unit (DCSW, PY-W-M), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (JPH, NJ, MM, PY-W-M, MJG), London, United Kingdom; Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (JPH, NJ, MM, PY-W-M, MJG), London, United Kingdom; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science (SMT), School of Medicine, U.C. Davis, Sacramento, California; Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences (SMT), School of Veterinary Medicine, U.C. Davis, California; Great Ormond Street Hospital (MM), London, United Kingdom; and The Francis Crick Institute (MM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua P. Harvey
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences (DCSW, PY-W-M), John van Geest Center for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridge Eye Unit (DCSW, PY-W-M), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (JPH, NJ, MM, PY-W-M, MJG), London, United Kingdom; Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (JPH, NJ, MM, PY-W-M, MJG), London, United Kingdom; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science (SMT), School of Medicine, U.C. Davis, Sacramento, California; Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences (SMT), School of Veterinary Medicine, U.C. Davis, California; Great Ormond Street Hospital (MM), London, United Kingdom; and The Francis Crick Institute (MM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Neringa Jurkute
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences (DCSW, PY-W-M), John van Geest Center for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridge Eye Unit (DCSW, PY-W-M), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (JPH, NJ, MM, PY-W-M, MJG), London, United Kingdom; Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (JPH, NJ, MM, PY-W-M, MJG), London, United Kingdom; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science (SMT), School of Medicine, U.C. Davis, Sacramento, California; Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences (SMT), School of Veterinary Medicine, U.C. Davis, California; Great Ormond Street Hospital (MM), London, United Kingdom; and The Francis Crick Institute (MM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara M. Thomasy
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences (DCSW, PY-W-M), John van Geest Center for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridge Eye Unit (DCSW, PY-W-M), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (JPH, NJ, MM, PY-W-M, MJG), London, United Kingdom; Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (JPH, NJ, MM, PY-W-M, MJG), London, United Kingdom; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science (SMT), School of Medicine, U.C. Davis, Sacramento, California; Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences (SMT), School of Veterinary Medicine, U.C. Davis, California; Great Ormond Street Hospital (MM), London, United Kingdom; and The Francis Crick Institute (MM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Mariya Moosajee
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences (DCSW, PY-W-M), John van Geest Center for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridge Eye Unit (DCSW, PY-W-M), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (JPH, NJ, MM, PY-W-M, MJG), London, United Kingdom; Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (JPH, NJ, MM, PY-W-M, MJG), London, United Kingdom; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science (SMT), School of Medicine, U.C. Davis, Sacramento, California; Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences (SMT), School of Veterinary Medicine, U.C. Davis, California; Great Ormond Street Hospital (MM), London, United Kingdom; and The Francis Crick Institute (MM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Yu-Wai-Man
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences (DCSW, PY-W-M), John van Geest Center for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridge Eye Unit (DCSW, PY-W-M), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (JPH, NJ, MM, PY-W-M, MJG), London, United Kingdom; Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (JPH, NJ, MM, PY-W-M, MJG), London, United Kingdom; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science (SMT), School of Medicine, U.C. Davis, Sacramento, California; Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences (SMT), School of Veterinary Medicine, U.C. Davis, California; Great Ormond Street Hospital (MM), London, United Kingdom; and The Francis Crick Institute (MM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Gilhooley
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences (DCSW, PY-W-M), John van Geest Center for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridge Eye Unit (DCSW, PY-W-M), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (JPH, NJ, MM, PY-W-M, MJG), London, United Kingdom; Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (JPH, NJ, MM, PY-W-M, MJG), London, United Kingdom; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science (SMT), School of Medicine, U.C. Davis, Sacramento, California; Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences (SMT), School of Veterinary Medicine, U.C. Davis, California; Great Ormond Street Hospital (MM), London, United Kingdom; and The Francis Crick Institute (MM), London, United Kingdom
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22
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Li X, Fan R, Xiang J, Yuan Y, Mao X, Zhou N. P-hydroxy benzaldehyde facilitates reprogramming of reactive astrocytes into neurons via endogenous transcriptional regulation. Int J Neurosci 2023; 133:1096-1108. [PMID: 35321633 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2049775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral ischemia leads to linguistic and motor dysfunction, as the death of neurons in ischemic core is permanent and non-renewable. An innovative avenue is to induce and/or facilitate reprogramming of adjacent astrocytes into neurons to replace the lost neurons and re-establish brain homeostasis. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate whether the p-hydroxy benzaldehyde (p-HBA), a phenolic compound isolated from Gastrodia elata Blume, could facilitate the reprogramming of oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)-damaged astrocytes into neurons. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS The primary parenchymal astrocytes of rat were exposure to OGD and reperfusion with define culture medium. Cells were then incubated with different concentration of p-HBA (1, 10, 100, 400 μM) and collected at desired time point for reprogramming process analysis. RESULTS OGD/R could elicit endogenous neurogenic program in primary parenchymal astrocytes of rat under define culture condition, and these so-called reactive astrocytes could be reprogrammed into neurons. However, the neonatal neurons produced by this endogenous procedure could not develop into mature neurons, and the conversion rate was only 1.9%. Treatment of these reactive astrocytes with p-HBA could successfully promote the conversion rate to 6.1%, and the neonatal neurons could develop into mature neurons within 14 days. Further analysis showed that p-HBA down-regulated the Notch signal component genes Dll1, Hes1 and SOX2, while the transcription factor NeuroD1 was up-regulated. CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrated that p-HBA facilitated the astrocyte-to-neuron conversion. This chemical reprogramming was mediated by inhibition of Notch1 signaling pathway and transcriptional activation of NeuroD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Ruoxi Fan
- College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Jianming Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Yajin Yuan
- College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Xiaojian Mao
- College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Ningna Zhou
- College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine
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23
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Hong L, Hong S, Zhang X. Expression and Functional Analysis of core stemness factors OSKM (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and MYC) in Pan-cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36433. [PMID: 38050242 PMCID: PMC10695605 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The dedifferentiation process of tumorigenesis and somatic cell reprogramming has some commonness and differences, which is the key question to cancer therapeutic strategy and stem cell applications. To further explore the commonalities and variance between carcinogenesis and induced pluripotent stem cell reprogramming, we investigated the role of stemness factors OSKM (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and MYC) in the pan-cancer process using public clinical data. Expression of OSKM in human pan-cancer was analyzed via the Genotype Tissue Expression (GTEx) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database based on the RNA-seq data of tissues. The correlation of expression between OSKM genes was analyzed via the Tumor Immune Evaluation Resource (TIMER) database, while the STRING tool was used to construct the protein-protein interaction network for OSKM. Prognostic impact of OSKM in pan-cancer was analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression model. The relationships between OSKM and tumor stemness, tumor microenvironment and immune checkpoint and were performed by Sangerbox platform using Pearson correlation analysis. Our results showed that OSKM were universally expressed and significantly altered in tumors compared with adjacent normal tissues in most tumor types. In addition, correlation analysis revealed the relevance of OSKM genes to patient prognosis, cancer cell stemness, tumor microenvironment or immune checkpoint. However, there is little similarity between these genes in terms of how they function in each cancer type. This study elucidates the different roles of core stemness factors OSKM in pan-cancer, offering potential therapeutic targets for novel anti-cancer strategies and knowledge to minimize the potential carcinogenic effects during stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Hong
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Research on Major Obstetrical Diseases, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Medical College, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, China
- Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Sijie Hong
- Department of Ultrasound, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Research on Major Obstetrical Diseases, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Obstetrics, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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24
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Ren K, Vickers R, Murillo J, Ruparel NB. Revolutionizing orofacial pain management: the promising potential of stem cell therapy. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2023; 4:1239633. [PMID: 38028430 PMCID: PMC10679438 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2023.1239633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Orofacial pain remains a significant health issue in the United States. Pain originating from the orofacial region can be composed of a complex array of unique target tissue that contributes to the varying success of pain management. Long-term use of analgesic drugs includes adverse effects such as physical dependence, gastrointestinal bleeding, and incomplete efficacy. The use of mesenchymal stem cells for their pain relieving properties has garnered increased attention. In addition to the preclinical and clinical results showing stem cell analgesia in non-orofacial pain, studies have also shown promising results for orofacial pain treatment. Here we discuss the outcomes of mesenchymal stem cell treatment for pain and compare the properties of stem cells from different tissues of origin. We also discuss the mechanism underlying these analgesic/anti-nociceptive properties, including the role of immune cells and the endogenous opioid system. Lastly, advancements in the methods and procedures to treat patients experiencing orofacial pain with mesenchymal stem cells are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ren
- Department of Pain and Neural Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Russel Vickers
- Clinical Stem Cells Pty Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Oral Health Center, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University Queensland, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Josue Murillo
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Nikita B. Ruparel
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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25
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Mehra V, Chhetri JB, Ali S, Roddie C. The Emerging Role of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells as Adoptive Cellular Immunotherapeutics. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1419. [PMID: 37998018 PMCID: PMC10669440 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) has transformed the treatment landscape for cancer and infectious disease through the investigational use of chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-Ts), tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and viral-specific T-cells (VSTs). Whilst these represent breakthrough treatments, there are subsets of patients who fail to respond to autologous ACT products. This is frequently due to impaired patient T-cell function or "fitness" as a consequence of prior treatments and age, and can be exacerbated by complex manufacturing protocols. Further, the manufacture of autologous, patient-specific products is time-consuming, expensive and non-standardised. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as an allogeneic alternative to patient-specific products can potentially overcome the issues outlined above. iPSC technology provides an unlimited source of rejuvenated iPSC-derived T-cells (T-iPSCs) or natural killer (NK) cells (NK-iPSCs), and in the context of the growing field of allogeneic ACT, iPSCs have enormous potential as a platform for generating off-the-shelf, standardised, "fit" therapeutics for patients. In this review, we evaluate current and future applications of iPSC technology in the CAR-T/NK, TIL and VST space. We discuss current and next-generation iPSC manufacturing protocols, and report on current iPSC-based adoptive therapy clinical trials to elucidate the potential of this technology as the future of ACT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Claire Roddie
- Research Department of Haematology, Cancer Institute, University College London, Paul O’Gorman Building, London WCIE 6DD, UK
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26
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Yu L, Wen H, Liu C, Wang C, Yu H, Zhang K, Han Q, Liu Y, Han Z, Li Z, Liu N. Embryonic stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles rejuvenate senescent cells and antagonize aging in mice. Bioact Mater 2023; 29:85-97. [PMID: 37449253 PMCID: PMC10336196 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a degenerative process that leads to tissue dysfunction and death. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have great therapeutic potential for age-related diseases due to their capacity for self-renewal and plasticity. However, the use of ESCs in clinical treatment is limited by immune rejection, tumourigenicity and ethical issues. ESC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) may provide therapeutic effects that are comparable to those of ESCs while avoiding unwanted effects. Here, we fully evaluate the role of ESC-EVs in rejuvenation in vitro and in vivo. Using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and microRNA sequencing (miRNA-Seq) screening, we found that miR-15b-5p and miR-290a-5p were highly enriched in ESC-EVs, and induced rejuvenation by silencing the Ccn2-mediated AKT/mTOR pathway. These results demonstrate that miR-15b-5p and miR-290a-5p function as potent activators of rejuvenation mediated by ESC-EVs. The rejuvenating effect of ESC-EVs was further investigated in vivo by injection into aged mice. The results showed that ESC-EVs successfully ameliorated the pathological age-related phenotypes and rescued the transcriptome profile of aged mice. Our findings demonstrate that ESC-EVs treatment can rejuvenate senescence both in vitro and in vivo and suggest the therapeutic potential of ESC-EVs as a novel cell-free alternative to ESCs for age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hang Wen
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Huaxin Yu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Kaiyue Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qingsheng Han
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhongchao Han
- Institute of Stem Cells, Health-Biotech (Tianjin) Stem Cell Research Institute Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 301700, China
| | - Zongjin Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Na Liu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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27
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Yu F, Yao L, Li F, Wang C, Ye L. Releasing YAP dysfunction-caused replicative toxicity rejuvenates mesenchymal stem cells. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13913. [PMID: 37340571 PMCID: PMC10497818 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippo-independent YAP dysfunction has been demonstrated to cause chronological aging of stromal cells by impairing the integrity of nuclear envelope (NE). In parallel with this report, we uncover that YAP activity also controls another type of cellular senescence, the replicative senescence in in vitro expansion of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), but this event is Hippo phosphorylation-dependent, and there exist another NE integrity-independent downstream mechanisms of YAP. Specifically, Hippo phosphorylation causes reduced nuclear/active YAP and then decreases the level of YAP protein in the proceeding of replicative senescence. YAP/TEAD governs RRM2 expression to release replicative toxicity (RT) via licensing G1/S transition. Besides, YAP controls the core transcriptomics of RT to delay the onset of genome instability and enhances DNA damage response/repair. Hippo-off mutations of YAP (YAPS127A/S381A ) satisfactorily release RT via maintaining cell cycle and reducing genome instability, finally rejuvenating MSCs and restoring their regenerative capabilities without risks of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Feifei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Chenglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
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28
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Blaudez F, Ivanovski S, Fernandez T, Vaquette C. Effect of In Vitro Culture Length on the Bone-Forming Capacity of Osteoblast-Derived Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Melt Electrowritten Scaffolds. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:3450-3462. [PMID: 37458386 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in decellularization have seen the development of extracellular matrix (ECM)-decorated scaffolds for bone regeneration; however, little is understood of the impact of in vitro culture prior to decellularization on the performances of these constructs. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of in vitro culture on ECM-decorated melt electrowritten polycaprolactone scaffold bioactivity. The scaffolds were seeded with osteoblasts and cultured for 1, 2, or 4 weeks to facilitate bone-specific ECM deposition and subsequently decellularized to form an acellular ECM-decorated scaffold. The utilization of mild chemicals and DNase was highly efficient in removing DNA while preserving ECM structure and composition. ECM decoration of the melt electrowritten fibers was observed within the first week of culture, with increased ECM at 2 and 4 week culture periods. Infiltration of re-seeded cells as well as overall bone regeneration in a rodent calvarial model was impeded by a longer culture period. Thus, it was demonstrated that the length of culture has a key influence on the osteogenic properties of decellularized ECM-decorated scaffolds, with long-term culture (2+ weeks) causing pore obstruction and creating a physical barrier which interfered with bone formation. These findings have important implications for the development of effective ECM-decorated scaffolds for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Blaudez
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Parklands Dr., Southport QLD 4222, Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, 288 Herston Rd., Herston QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Saso Ivanovski
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, 288 Herston Rd., Herston QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Tulio Fernandez
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, 288 Herston Rd., Herston QLD 4006, Australia
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Cairns Campus, Cairns 4870, Australia
| | - Cedryck Vaquette
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, 288 Herston Rd., Herston QLD 4006, Australia
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Wang Z. Assessing Tumorigenicity in Stem Cell-Derived Therapeutic Products: A Critical Step in Safeguarding Regenerative Medicine. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:857. [PMID: 37508884 PMCID: PMC10376867 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10070857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells hold promise in regenerative medicine due to their ability to proliferate and differentiate into various cell types. However, their self-renewal and multipotency also raise concerns about their tumorigenicity during and post-therapy. Indeed, multiple studies have reported the presence of stem cell-derived tumors in animal models and clinical administrations. Therefore, the assessment of tumorigenicity is crucial in evaluating the safety of stem cell-derived therapeutic products. Ideally, the assessment needs to be performed rapidly, sensitively, cost-effectively, and scalable. This article reviews various approaches for assessing tumorigenicity, including animal models, soft agar culture, PCR, flow cytometry, and microfluidics. Each method has its advantages and limitations. The selection of the assay depends on the specific needs of the study and the stage of development of the stem cell-derived therapeutic product. Combining multiple assays may provide a more comprehensive evaluation of tumorigenicity. Future developments should focus on the optimization and standardization of microfluidics-based methods, as well as the integration of multiple assays into a single platform for efficient and comprehensive evaluation of tumorigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjie Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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30
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Traxler L, Lucciola R, Herdy JR, Jones JR, Mertens J, Gage FH. Neural cell state shifts and fate loss in ageing and age-related diseases. Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:434-443. [PMID: 37268723 PMCID: PMC10478103 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00815-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Most age-related neurodegenerative diseases remain incurable owing to an incomplete understanding of the disease mechanisms. Several environmental and genetic factors contribute to disease onset, with human biological ageing being the primary risk factor. In response to acute cellular damage and external stimuli, somatic cells undergo state shifts characterized by temporal changes in their structure and function that increase their resilience, repair cellular damage, and lead to their mobilization to counteract the pathology. This basic cell biological principle also applies to human brain cells, including mature neurons that upregulate developmental features such as cell cycle markers or glycolytic reprogramming in response to stress. Although such temporary state shifts are required to sustain the function and resilience of the young human brain, excessive state shifts in the aged brain might result in terminal fate loss of neurons and glia, characterized by a permanent change in cell identity. Here, we offer a new perspective on the roles of cell states in sustaining health and counteracting disease, and we examine how cellular ageing might set the stage for pathological fate loss and neurodegeneration. A better understanding of neuronal state and fate shifts might provide the means for a controlled manipulation of cell fate to promote brain resilience and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Traxler
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Raffaella Lucciola
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joseph R Herdy
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Jones
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jerome Mertens
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Fred H Gage
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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31
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Tian C, Wang J, Ye X, Chen J, Zheng R, Yu H, Li J, Yin G, Liu L, Zhao N, Feng G, Zhu Z, Wang J, Fan G, Liu L. Culture conditions of mouse ESCs impact the tumor appearance in vivo. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112645. [PMID: 37314926 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Various culture conditions by small molecules have been explored to extend pluripotency of stem cells, but their impacts on cell fate in vivo remain elusive. We systematically compared the effects of various culture conditions on the pluripotency and cell fate in vivo of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) by tetraploid embryo complementation assay. Conventional ESC cultures in serum/LIF-based condition produced complete ESC mice and also the survival to adulthood at the highest rates of all other chemical-based cultures. Moreover, long-term examination of the survived ESC mice demonstrated that conventional ESC cultures did not lead to visible abnormality for up to 1.5-2 years, whereas the prolonged chemical-based cultures developed retroperitoneal atypical teratomas or leiomyomas. The chemical-based cultures exhibited transcriptomes and epigenomes that typically differed from those of conventional ESC cultures. Our results warrant further refinement of culture conditions in promoting the pluripotency and safety of ESCs in future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Human Genetics and Broad Stem Cell Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xiaoying Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jiyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Rongyan Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hanwen Yu
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Guoxing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Nannan Zhao
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Guofeng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhengmao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jichang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Guoping Fan
- Department of Human Genetics and Broad Stem Cell Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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32
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Wu Y, Hong P, Liu P, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Yang B, Liu H, Liu L, Tian W, Yu M. Lipoaspirate fluid derived factors and extracellular vesicles accelerate wound healing in a rat burn model. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1185251. [PMID: 37425361 PMCID: PMC10324973 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1185251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The regenerative capabilities of derivatives derived from the fat layer of lipoaspirate have been demonstrated. However, the large volume of lipoaspirate fluid has not attracted extensive attention in clinical applications. In this study, we aimed to isolate the factors and extracellular vesicles from human lipoaspirate fluid and evaluate their potential therapeutic efficacy. Methods: Lipoaspirate fluid derived factors and extracellular vesicles (LF-FVs) were prepared from human lipoaspirate and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, size-exclusion chromatography and adipokine antibody arrays. The therapeutic potential of LF-FVs was evaluated on fibroblasts in vitro and rat burn model in vivo. Wound healing process was recorded on days 2, 4, 8, 10, 12 and 16 post-treatment. The scar formation was analyzed by histology, immunofluorescent staining and scar-related gene expression at day 35 post-treatment. Results: The results of nanoparticle tracking analysis and size-exclusion chromatography indicated that LF-FVs were enriched with proteins and extracellular vesicles. Specific adipokines (adiponectin and IGF-1) were detected in LF-FVs. In vitro, LF-FVs augmented the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo, the results showed that LF-FVs significantly accelerated burn wound healing. Moreover, LF-FVs improved the quality of wound healing, including regenerating cutaneous appendages (hair follicles and sebaceous glands) and decreasing scar formation in the healed skin. Conclusion: LF-FVs were successfully prepared from lipoaspirate liquid, which were cell-free and enriched with extracellular vesicles. Additionally, they were found to improve wound healing in a rat burn model, suggesting that LF-FVs could be potentially used for wound regeneration in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengyu Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Baohua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huixing Liu
- Sichuan Huamel Zixin Medical Aesthetic Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Yang X, Lu Y, Kuang Q, Wu Y, Tan X, Lan J, Qiang Z, Feng T. Human embryonic stem cells exert antitumor effects on prostate cancer cells in a co-culture microenvironment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1164250. [PMID: 37313467 PMCID: PMC10258316 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1164250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is currently the most common malignancy among men. Given the limitations of current conventional anticancer therapies, new high-risk treatments are urgently needed. Previous studies have shown that embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can reverse the tumorigenic phenotype of tumor cells. However, there are still challenges in using human ESCs (hESCs) directly in cancer treatment. To facilitate the practical application of hESCs, we established a co-culture system consisting of prostate cancer cell lines and hESCs and investigated the antitumor activity of the supernatant of the co-culture system (Co-Sp) in vitro and in vivo, as well as the underlying mechanisms involved. The Co-Sp decreased the viability of prostate cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner, significantly inhibited colony formation, and induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. In addition, Co-Sp promoted apoptosis of prostate cancer cells and inhibited cell migration and invasion. In vivo studies also revealed that Co-Sp inhibited tumor growth in the xenograft model. Mechanistic studies showed that Co-Sp reduced the expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E, CDK4, CDK2, MMP-9, MMP-1, and Bcl-2, and increased the expression of p21, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP, and Bax in prostate cancer cells. Furthermore, the Co-Sp decreased the phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR in cells and tumor tissues. Taken together, our results indicated that the Co-Sp has potent antitumor activity and could directly inhibit tumor growth. Our findings provide a new and effective way for the application of hESCs in cancer therapy and contribute to a new strategy for clinical stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Tan
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jizhong Lan
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhe Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Pharmacology Toxicology, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Karimi T, Pan Z, Potaman VN, Alt EU. Conversion of Unmodified Stem Cells to Pacemaker Cells by Overexpression of Key Developmental Genes. Cells 2023; 12:1381. [PMID: 37408215 PMCID: PMC10216671 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmias of the heart are currently treated by implanting electronic pacemakers and defibrillators. Unmodified adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) have the potential to differentiate into all three germ layers but have not yet been tested for the generation of pacemaker and Purkinje cells. We investigated if-based on overexpression of dominant conduction cell-specific genes in ASCs-biological pacemaker cells could be induced. Here we show that by overexpression of certain genes that are active during the natural development of the conduction system, the differentiation of ASCs to pacemaker and Purkinje-like cells is feasible. Our study revealed that the most effective procedure consisted of short-term upregulation of gene combinations SHOX2-TBX5-HCN2, and to a lesser extent SHOX2-TBX3-HCN2. Single-gene expression protocols were ineffective. Future clinical implantation of such pacemaker and Purkinje cells, derived from unmodified ASCs of the same patient, could open up new horizons for the treatment of arrythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Karimi
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Science Center, 1430 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
- Alliance of Cardiovascular Researchers, 2211 Augusta Dr #10, Houston, TX 77057, USA
| | - Zhizhong Pan
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vladimir N. Potaman
- Alliance of Cardiovascular Researchers, 2211 Augusta Dr #10, Houston, TX 77057, USA
- InGeneron Inc., 8205 El Rio Street, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Eckhard U. Alt
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Science Center, 1430 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
- Alliance of Cardiovascular Researchers, 2211 Augusta Dr #10, Houston, TX 77057, USA
- InGeneron Inc., 8205 El Rio Street, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Sanford Health, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
- Isar Klinikum Munich, Sonnenstr 24-26, 80331 Munich, Germany
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35
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Wong EN, Foo VHX, Peh GSL, Htoon HM, Ang HP, Tan BYL, Ong HS, Mehta JS. Early Visibility of Cellular Aggregates and Changes in Central Corneal Thickness as Predictors of Successful Corneal Endothelial Cell Injection Therapy. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081167. [PMID: 37190076 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Cell injection therapy is an emerging treatment for bullous keratopathy (BK). Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) imaging allows the high-resolution assessment of the anterior chamber. Our study aimed to investigate the predictive value of the visibility of cellular aggregates for corneal deturgescence in an animal model of bullous keratopathy. (2) Methods: Cell injections of corneal endothelial cells were performed in 45 eyes in a rabbit model of BK. AS-OCT imaging and central corneal thickness (CCT) measurement were performed at baseline and on day 1, day 4, day 7 and day 14 following cell injection. A logistic regression was modelled to predict successful corneal deturgescence and its failure with cell aggregate visibility and CCT. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted, and areas under the curve (AUC) calculated for each time point in these models. (3) Results: Cellular aggregates were identified on days 1, 4, 7 and 14 in 86.7%, 39.5%, 20.0% and 4.4% of eyes, respectively. The positive predictive value of cellular aggregate visibility for successful corneal deturgescence was 71.8%, 64.7%, 66.7% and 100.0% at each time point, respectively. Using logistic regression modelling, the visibility of cellular aggregates on day 1 appeared to increase the likelihood of successful corneal deturgescence, but this did not reach statistical significance. An increase in pachymetry, however, resulted in a small but statistically significant decreased likelihood of success, with an odds ratio of 0.996 for days 1 (95% CI 0.993-1.000), 2 (95% CI 0.993-0.999) and 14 (95% CI 0.994-0.998) and an odds ratio of 0.994 (95% CI 0.991-0.998) for day 7. The ROC curves were plotted, and the AUC values were 0.72 (95% CI 0.55-0.89), 0.80 (95% CI 0. 62-0.98), 0.86 (95% CI 0.71-1.00) and 0.90 (95% CI 0.80-0.99) for days 1, 4, 7 and 14, respectively. (4) Conclusions: Logistic regression modelling of cell aggregate visibility and CCT was predictive of successful corneal endothelial cell injection therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan N Wong
- Corneal and External Diseases Department, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (Incorporating Lions Eye Institute), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Valencia H X Foo
- Corneal and External Diseases Department, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Gary S L Peh
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Hla M Htoon
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Heng-Pei Ang
- Corneal and External Diseases Department, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Belinda Y L Tan
- Corneal and External Diseases Department, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Hon-Shing Ong
- Corneal and External Diseases Department, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Jodhbir S Mehta
- Corneal and External Diseases Department, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- School of Material Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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36
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Kishino Y, Fukuda K. Unlocking the Pragmatic Potential of Regenerative Therapies in Heart Failure with Next-Generation Treatments. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030915. [PMID: 36979894 PMCID: PMC10046277 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic heart failure (HF) have a poor prognosis due to irreversible impairment of left ventricular function, with 5-year survival rates <60%. Despite advances in conventional medicines for HF, prognosis remains poor, and there is a need to improve treatment further. Cell-based therapies to restore the myocardium offer a pragmatic approach that provides hope for the treatment of HF. Although first-generation cell-based therapies using multipotent cells (bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells, mesenchymal stem cells, adipose-derived regenerative cells, and c-kit-positive cardiac cells) demonstrated safety in preclinical models of HF, poor engraftment rates, and a limited ability to form mature cardiomyocytes (CMs) and to couple electrically with existing CMs, meant that improvements in cardiac function in double-blind clinical trials were limited and largely attributable to paracrine effects. The next generation of stem cell therapies uses CMs derived from human embryonic stem cells or, increasingly, from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). These cell therapies have shown the ability to engraft more successfully and improve electromechanical function of the heart in preclinical studies, including in non-human primates. Advances in cell culture and delivery techniques promise to further improve the engraftment and integration of hiPSC-derived CMs (hiPSC-CMs), while the use of metabolic selection to eliminate undifferentiated cells will help minimize the risk of teratomas. Clinical trials of allogeneic hiPSC-CMs in HF are now ongoing, providing hope for vast numbers of patients with few other options available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5363-3874; Fax: +81-3-5363-3875
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37
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Wu W, Jia S, Xu H, Gao Z, Wang Z, Lu B, Ai Y, Liu Y, Liu R, Yang T, Luo R, Hu C, Kong L, Huang D, Yan L, Yang Z, Zhu L, Hao D. Supramolecular Hydrogel Microspheres of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Mimetic Peptide Promote Recovery from Spinal Cord Injury. ACS NANO 2023; 17:3818-3837. [PMID: 36787636 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are considered to be prospective replacements for neuronal cell loss as a result of spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the survival and neuronal differentiation of NSCs are strongly affected by the unfavorable microenvironment induced by SCI, which critically impairs their therapeutic ability to treat SCI. Herein, a strategy to fabricate PDGF-MP hydrogel (PDGF-MPH) microspheres (PDGF-MPHM) instead of bulk hydrogels is proposed to dramatically enhance the efficiency of platelet-derived growth factor mimetic peptide (PDGF-MP) in activating its receptor. PDGF-MPHM were fabricated by a piezoelectric ceramic-driven thermal electrospray device, had an average size of 9 μm, and also had the ability to activate the PDGFRβ of NSCs more effectively than PDGF-MPH. In vitro, PDGF-MPHM exerted strong neuroprotective effects by maintaining the proliferation and inhibiting the apoptosis of NSCs in the presence of myelin extracts. In vivo, PDGF-MPHM inhibited M1 macrophage infiltration and extrinsic or intrinsic cells apoptosis on the seventh day after SCI. Eight weeks after SCI, the T10 SCI treatment results showed that PDGF-MPHM + NSCs significantly promoted the survival of NSCs and neuronal differentiation, reduced lesion size, and considerably improved motor function recovery in SCI rats by stimulating axonal regeneration, synapse formation, and angiogenesis in comparison with the NSCs graft group. Therefore, our findings provide insights into the ability of PDGF-MPHM to be a promising therapeutic agent for SCI repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Shuaijun Jia
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Hailiang Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Ziheng Gao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Botao Lu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Yixiang Ai
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Youjun Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Renfeng Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Tong Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Rongjin Luo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Chunping Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Lingbo Kong
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Dageng Huang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Liang Yan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Zhimou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Dingjun Hao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
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von Eyben FE, Kristiansen K, Kapp DS, Hu R, Preda O, Nogales FF. Epigenetic Regulation of Driver Genes in Testicular Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044148. [PMID: 36835562 PMCID: PMC9966837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In testicular germ cell tumor type II (TGCT), a seminoma subtype expresses an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) panel with four upregulated genes, OCT4/POU5F1, SOX17, KLF4, and MYC, and embryonal carcinoma (EC) has four upregulated genes, OCT4/POU5F1, SOX2, LIN28, and NANOG. The EC panel can reprogram cells into iPSC, and both iPSC and EC can differentiate into teratoma. This review summarizes the literature on epigenetic regulation of the genes. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as methylations of cytosines on the DNA string and methylations and acetylations of histone 3 lysines, regulate expression of these driver genes between the TGCT subtypes. In TGCT, the driver genes contribute to well-known clinical characteristics and the driver genes are also important for aggressive subtypes of many other malignancies. In conclusion, epigenetic regulation of the driver genes are important for TGCT and for oncology in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finn E. von Eyben
- Center for Tobacco Control Research, Birkevej 17, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-66145862
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, August Krogh Building Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- BGI-Research, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
- Institute of Metagenomics, Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao 166555, China
| | - Daniel S. Kapp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Ovidiu Preda
- Department of Pathology, San Cecilio University Hospital, 18071 Granada, CP, Spain
| | - Francisco F. Nogales
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University Granada, 18071 Granada, CP, Spain
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Transition from Animal-Based to Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs)-Based Models of Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Opportunities and Challenges. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040538. [PMID: 36831205 PMCID: PMC9954744 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) arise from the disruption of highly coordinated mechanisms underlying brain development, which results in impaired sensory, motor and/or cognitive functions. Although rodent models have offered very relevant insights to the field, the translation of findings to clinics, particularly regarding therapeutic approaches for these diseases, remains challenging. Part of the explanation for this failure may be the genetic differences-some targets not being conserved between species-and, most importantly, the differences in regulation of gene expression. This prompts the use of human-derived models to study NDDS. The generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hIPSCs) added a new suitable alternative to overcome species limitations, allowing for the study of human neuronal development while maintaining the genetic background of the donor patient. Several hIPSC models of NDDs already proved their worth by mimicking several pathological phenotypes found in humans. In this review, we highlight the utility of hIPSCs to pave new paths for NDD research and development of new therapeutic tools, summarize the challenges and advances of hIPSC-culture and neuronal differentiation protocols and discuss the best way to take advantage of these models, illustrating this with examples of success for some NDDs.
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40
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Al-Akashi Z, Zujur D, Kamiya D, Kato T, Kondo T, Ikeya M. Selective vulnerability of human-induced pluripotent stem cells to dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibition during mesenchymal stem/stromal cell purification. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1089945. [PMID: 36814599 PMCID: PMC9939518 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1089945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of induced mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (iMSCs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) in regenerative medicine involves the risk of teratoma formation due to hiPSCs contamination in iMSCs. Therefore, eradicating the remaining undifferentiated hiPSCs is crucial for the effectiveness of the strategy. The present study demonstrates the Brequinar (BRQ)-induced inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), a key enzyme in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, selectively induces apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and differentiation; furthermore, it promotes transcriptional changes and prevents the growth of 3-dimensional hiPSC aggregates. Contrastingly, BRQ-treated iMSCs showed no changes in survival, differentiation potential, or gene expression. The results suggest that BRQ is a potential agent for the effective purification of iMSCs from a mixed population of iMSCs and hiPSCs, which is a crucial step in successful iMSC-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziadoon Al-Akashi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Denise Zujur
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kamiya
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan,Takeda-CiRA Joint Program, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Kato
- Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Toru Kondo
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Makoto Ikeya
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan,Takeda-CiRA Joint Program, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan,*Correspondence: Makoto Ikeya,
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41
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Karnas E, Dudek P, Zuba-Surma EK. Stem cell- derived extracellular vesicles as new tools in regenerative medicine - Immunomodulatory role and future perspectives. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1120175. [PMID: 36761725 PMCID: PMC9902918 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1120175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, the practical use of stem cells (SCs) in the clinic has attracted significant attention in the regenerative medicine due to the ability of these cells to proliferate and differentiate into other cell types. However, recent findings have demonstrated that the therapeutic capacity of SCs may also be mediated by their ability to secrete biologically active factors, including extracellular vesicles (EVs). Such submicron circular membrane-enveloped vesicles may be released from the cell surface and harbour bioactive cargo in the form of proteins, lipids, mRNA, miRNA, and other regulatory factors. Notably, growing evidence has indicated that EVs may transfer their bioactive content into recipient cells and greatly modulate their functional fate. Thus, they have been recently envisioned as a new class of paracrine factors in cell-to-cell communication. Importantly, EVs may modulate the activity of immune system, playing an important role in the regulation of inflammation, exhibiting broad spectrum of the immunomodulatory activity that promotes the transition from pro-inflammatory to pro-regenerative environment in the site of tissue injury. Consequently, growing interest is placed on attempts to utilize EVs in clinical applications of inflammatory-related dysfunctions as potential next-generation therapeutic factors, alternative to cell-based approaches. In this review we will discuss the current knowledge on the biological properties of SC-derived EVs, with special focus on their role in the regulation of inflammatory response. We will also address recent findings on the immunomodulatory and pro-regenerative activity of EVs in several disease models, including in vitro and in vivo preclinical, as well as clinical studies. Finally, we will highlight the current perspectives and future challenges of emerging EV-based therapeutic strategies of inflammation-related diseases treatment.
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Park SJ, Kim DS, Choi M, Han KH, Han JS, Yoo KH, Moon KS. Preclinical Evaluation of interferon-gamma primed human Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2023; 42:9603271231171650. [PMID: 37092667 DOI: 10.1177/09603271231171650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The potential of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for cell therapy has been investigated in numerous immune-mediated conditions; MSCs are considered one of the most promising cellular therapeutics to treat intractable diseases. Recently, approaches to prime MSCs have been investigated, thereby generating cellular products with enhanced potential for a variety of clinical applications. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) priming is a current approach used to increase the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs. In this study, we determined the systemic toxicity, tumorigenicity and biodistribution of IFN-γ-primed Wharton's jelly-derived (WJ)-MSCs in male and female BALB/c-nu/nu mice. There were no deaths or pathologic lesions in the mice treated with 5 × 106 cells/kg IFN-γ-primed MSCs in the repeated dose study. In the tumorigenicity study, one of the subcutaneously treated mice showed bronchioloalveolar adenoma in the lung but tested negative for human-specific anti-mitochondrial antibody, suggesting the spontaneous murine origin of the adenoma. A biodistribution study using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction demonstrated the systemic IFN-γ-primed MSC clearance by day 28. Based on the toxicity, biodistribution, and tumorigenicity studies, we concluded that IFN-γ-primed MSCs at 5 × 106 cells/kg do not induce tumor formation and adverse changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Jin Park
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Seong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Clinical Development, CELLnLIFE Research Center, CELLnLIFE Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeongjin Choi
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Hyun Han
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Seok Han
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Hee Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Andrews PW, Barbaric I, Benvenisty N, Draper JS, Ludwig T, Merkle FT, Sato Y, Spits C, Stacey GN, Wang H, Pera MF. The consequences of recurrent genetic and epigenetic variants in human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:1624-1636. [PMID: 36459966 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can acquire genetic and epigenetic changes during culture in vitro. Given the increasing use of hPSCs in research and therapy and the vast expansion in the number of hPSC lines available for researchers, the International Society for Stem Cell Research has recognized the need to reassess quality control standards for ensuring the genetic integrity of hPSCs. Here, we summarize current knowledge of the nature of recurrent genetic and epigenetic variants in hPSC culture, the methods for their detection, and what is known concerning their effects on cell behavior in vitro or in vivo. We argue that the potential consequences of low-level contamination of cell therapy products with cells bearing oncogenic variants are essentially unknown at present. We highlight the key challenges facing the field with particular reference to safety assessment of hPSC-derived cellular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Andrews
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK; Steering Committee, International Stem Cell Initiative
| | - Ivana Barbaric
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK; Steering Committee, International Stem Cell Initiative
| | - Nissim Benvenisty
- The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Steering Committee, International Stem Cell Initiative
| | - Jonathan S Draper
- Stem Cell Network, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Steering Committee, International Stem Cell Initiative
| | - Tenneille Ludwig
- WiCell Research Institute, Madison, WI, USA; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53719, USA; Steering Committee, International Stem Cell Initiative
| | - Florian T Merkle
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Steering Committee, International Stem Cell Initiative
| | - Yoji Sato
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki Ward, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan; Steering Committee, International Stem Cell Initiative
| | - Claudia Spits
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Steering Committee, International Stem Cell Initiative
| | - Glyn N Stacey
- International Stem Cell Banking Initiative, 2 High Street, Barley, UK; National Stem Cell Resource Centre, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Steering Committee, International Stem Cell Initiative
| | - Haoyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, 100101, Beijing, China; Steering Committee, International Stem Cell Initiative
| | - Martin F Pera
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; Steering Committee, International Stem Cell Initiative.
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Verhoeff K, Cuesta-Gomez N, Jasra I, Marfil-Garza B, Dadheech N, Shapiro AMJ. Optimizing Generation of Stem Cell-Derived Islet Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2683-2698. [PMID: 35639237 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10391-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Islet transplantation is a highly effective treatment for select patients with type 1 diabetes. Unfortunately, current use is limited to those with brittle disease due to donor limitations and immunosuppression requirements. Discovery of factors for induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult somatic cells into a malleable state has reinvigorated the possibility of autologous-based regenerative cell therapies. Similarly, recent progress in allogeneic human embryonic stem cell islet products is showing early success in clinical trials. Describing safe and standardized differentiation protocols with clear pathways to optimize yield and minimize off-target growth is needed to efficiently move the field forward. This review discusses current islet differentiation protocols with a detailed break-down of differentiation stages to guide step-wise controlled generation of functional islet products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Verhoeff
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nerea Cuesta-Gomez
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ila Jasra
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Braulio Marfil-Garza
- National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, and CHRISTUS-LatAm Hub - Excellence and Innovation Center, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Nidheesh Dadheech
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - A M James Shapiro
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
- 1-002 Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, 112 St. NW & 87 Ave NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada.
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Kunitomi A, Hirohata R, Arreola V, Osawa M, Kato TM, Nomura M, Kawaguchi J, Hara H, Kusano K, Takashima Y, Takahashi K, Fukuda K, Takasu N, Yamanaka S. Improved Sendai viral system for reprogramming to naive pluripotency. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2022; 2:100317. [PMID: 36447645 PMCID: PMC9701587 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Naive human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be generated by reprogramming somatic cells with Sendai virus (SeV) vectors. However, only dermal fibroblasts have been successfully reprogrammed this way, and the process requires culture on feeder cells. Moreover, SeV vectors are highly persistent and inhibit subsequent differentiation of iPSCs. Here, we report a modified SeV vector system to generate transgene-free naive human iPSCs with superior differentiation potential. The modified method can be applied not only to fibroblasts but also to other somatic cell types. SeV vectors disappear quickly at early passages, and this approach enables the generation of naive iPSCs in a feeder-free culture. The naive iPSCs generated by this method show better differentiation to trilineage and extra-embryonic trophectoderm than those derived by conventional methods. This method can expand the application of iPSCs to research on early human development and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kunitomi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ryoko Hirohata
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- CiRA Foundation, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
| | - Vanessa Arreola
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Mitsujiro Osawa
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tomoaki M. Kato
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- CiRA Foundation, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
| | - Masaki Nomura
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- CiRA Foundation, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
| | | | - Hiroto Hara
- ID Pharma Co., Ltd., Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | | | - Yasuhiro Takashima
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Takahashi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Naoko Takasu
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- CiRA Foundation, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamanaka
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- CiRA Foundation, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Nakazawa T, Maeoka R, Morimoto T, Matsuda R, Nakamura M, Nishimura F, Yamada S, Nakagawa I, Park YS, Nakase H, Tsujimura T. Capability of Human Dendritic Cells Pulsed with Autologous Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Lysate to Induce Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes against HLA-A33-Matched Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12992. [PMID: 36361783 PMCID: PMC9654950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Irradiated murine induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) elicit the antitumor response in vivo. However, it is unclear whether human iPSCs would elicit antitumor effects. In the present study, we investigated the capability of human iPSC lysate (iPSL)-pulsed dendritic cells (DCs) (iPSL/DCs) to induce cancer-responsive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in vitro. iPSCs and DCs were induced from peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A33 homozygous donor. The iPSL was pulsed with immature DCs, which were then stimulated to allow full maturation. The activated DCs were co-cultured with autologous CTLs and their responses to SW48 colorectal carcinoma cells (HLA-A32/A33), T47D breast cancer cells (HLA-A33/A33), and T98G glioblastoma cells (HLA-A02/A02) were tested with enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays. Comprehensive gene expression analysis revealed that the established iPSCs shared numerous tumor-associated antigens with the SW48 and T47D cells. Immunofluorescent analysis demonstrated that the fluorescent-labeled iPSL was captured by the immature DCs within 2 h. iPSL/DCs induced sufficient CTL numbers in 3 weeks for ELISPOT assays, which revealed that the induced CTLs responded to SW48 and T47D cells. Human iPSL/DCs induced cancer-responsive CTLs on HLA-A33-matched cancer cells in vitro and could be a promising universal cancer vaccine for treating and preventing cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Nakazawa
- Department of Research and Development, Grandsoul Research Institute for Immunology, Matsui 8-1, Utano, Uda 633-2221, Nara, Japan
- Clinic Grandsoul Nara, Matsui 8-1, Utano, Uda 633-2221, Nara, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Maeoka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan
| | - Takayuki Morimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Matsuda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakamura
- Clinic Grandsoul Nara, Matsui 8-1, Utano, Uda 633-2221, Nara, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Nishimura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan
| | - Shuichi Yamada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakagawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan
| | - Young-Soo Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakase
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsujimura
- Department of Research and Development, Grandsoul Research Institute for Immunology, Matsui 8-1, Utano, Uda 633-2221, Nara, Japan
- Clinic Grandsoul Nara, Matsui 8-1, Utano, Uda 633-2221, Nara, Japan
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Oh S, Gu EY, Han JS, Lee BS, Moon KS, Kim YB, Han KH. Tumorigenicity Assessment of Human Cancer Cell Lines Xenografted on Immunodeficient Mice as Positive Controls of Tumorigenicity Testing. Int J Toxicol 2022; 41:476-487. [PMID: 36069520 DOI: 10.1177/10915818221124573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cell therapies and genome editing technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9 make regenerative medicines promising for curing diseases previously thought to be incurable. However, the possibility of off-target effects during genome editing and the nature of hPSCs, which can differentiate into any cell type and infinitely proliferate, inevitably raises concerns about tumorigenicity. Tumorigenicity acts as a major obstacle to the application of hPSC-derived and gene therapy products in clinical practice. Thus, regulatory authorities demand mandatory tumorigenicity testing as a key pre-clinical safety step for the products. In the tumorigenicity testing, regulatory guidelines request to include human cancer cell line injected positive control group (PC) animals, which must form tumors. As the validity of the whole test is determined by the tumor-forming rates (typically above 90%) of PC animals, establishing the stable tumorigenic condition of PC animals is critical for successful testing. We conducted several studies to establish the proper positive control conditions, including dose, administration routes, and the selection of cell lines, in compliance with Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) regulations and/or guidelines, which are essential for pre-clinical safety tests of therapeutic materials. We expect that our findings provide insights and practical information to create a successful tumorigenicity test and its guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghee Oh
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, 443298Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Gu
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, 443298Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Seok Han
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, 443298Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Seok Lee
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, 443298Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sik Moon
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, 443298Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, 443298Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Hyun Han
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, 443298Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Pellegrini S, Zamarian V, Landi E, Cospito A, Lombardo MT, Manenti F, Citro A, Schiavo Lena M, Piemonti L, Sordi V. Treating iPSC-Derived β Cells with an Anti-CD30 Antibody-Drug Conjugate Eliminates the Risk of Teratoma Development upon Transplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179699. [PMID: 36077097 PMCID: PMC9456216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-producing cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are promising candidates for β cell replacement in type 1 diabetes. However, the risk of teratoma formation due to residual undifferentiated iPSCs contaminating the differentiated cells is still a critical concern for clinical application. Here, we hypothesized that pretreatment of iPSC-derived insulin-producing cells with an anti-CD30 antibody−drug conjugate could prevent in vivo teratoma formation by selectively killing residual undifferentiated cells. CD30 is expressed in all human iPSCs clones tested by flow cytometry (n = 7) but not in iPSC-derived β cells (iβs). Concordantly, anti-CD30 treatment in vitro for 24 h induced a dose-dependent cell death (up to 90%) in human iPSCs while it did not kill iβs nor had an impact on iβ identity and function, including capacity to secrete insulin in response to stimuli. In a model of teratoma assay associated with iβ transplantation, the pretreatment of cells with anti-CD30 for 24 h before the implantation into NOD-SCID mice completely eliminated teratoma development (0/10 vs. 8/8, p < 0.01). These findings suggest that short-term in vitro treatment with clinical-grade anti-CD30, targeting residual undifferentiated cells, eliminates the tumorigenicity of iPSC-derived β cells, potentially providing enhanced safety for iPSC-based β cell replacement therapy in clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pellegrini
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Zamarian
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Landi
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cospito
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Tiffany Lombardo
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Manenti
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Citro
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Schiavo Lena
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Sordi
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Pellegrini S, Zamarian V, Sordi V. Strategies to Improve the Safety of iPSC-Derived β Cells for β Cell Replacement in Diabetes. Transpl Int 2022; 35:10575. [PMID: 36090777 PMCID: PMC9448870 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2022.10575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic islet transplantation allows for the re-establishment of glycemic control with the possibility of insulin independence, but is severely limited by the scarcity of organ donors. However, a new source of insulin-producing cells could enable the widespread use of cell therapy for diabetes treatment. Recent breakthroughs in stem cell biology, particularly pluripotent stem cell (PSC) techniques, have highlighted the therapeutic potential of stem cells in regenerative medicine. An understanding of the stages that regulate β cell development has led to the establishment of protocols for PSC differentiation into β cells, and PSC-derived β cells are appearing in the first pioneering clinical trials. However, the safety of the final product prior to implantation remains crucial. Although PSC differentiate into functional β cells in vitro, not all cells complete differentiation, and a fraction remain undifferentiated and at risk of teratoma formation upon transplantation. A single case of stem cell-derived tumors may set the field back years. Thus, this review discusses four approaches to increase the safety of PSC-derived β cells: reprogramming of somatic cells into induced PSC, selection of pure differentiated pancreatic cells, depletion of contaminant PSC in the final cell product, and control or destruction of tumorigenic cells with engineered suicide genes.
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Inci N, Akyildiz EO, Bulbul AA, Turanli ET, Akgun E, Baykal AT, Colak F, Bozaykut P. Transcriptomics and Proteomics Analyses Reveal JAK Signaling and Inflammatory Phenotypes during Cellular Senescence in Blind Mole Rats: The Reflections of Superior Biology. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11091253. [PMID: 36138732 PMCID: PMC9495822 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Blind mole rats (BMR) (Spalax, Nannospalax sp.) are extraordinary organisms with cancer resistance and a long lifespan for their size. Cellular senescence is a condition in which cells cease dividing irreversibly and secrete proinflammatory cytokines. To understand the mechanisms behind their superior traits, we utilized transcriptomics and proteomics tools in senescent BMR cells to compare them to similarly sized mice. The results revealed the alterations in Janus kinase (JAK) signaling and the cytokine-mediated pathway during the cellular senescence process in BMRs. These findings might reveal the novel mechanisms behind the unique biology of BMRs through cytokine-mediated adaptations. Abstract The blind mole rat (BMR), a long-living subterranean rodent, is an exceptional model for both aging and cancer research since they do not display age-related phenotypes or tumor formation. The Janus kinase–signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK–STAT) signaling is a cytokine-stimulated pathway that has a crucial role in immune regulation, proliferation, and cytokine production. Therefore, the pathway has recently attracted interest in cellular senescence studies. Here, by using publicly available data, we report that JAK–STAT signaling was suppressed in the BMR in comparison to the mouse. Interestingly, our experimental results showed upregulated Jak1/2 expressions in BMR fibroblasts during the replicative senescence process. The transcriptomic analysis using publicly available data also demonstrated that various cytokines related to JAK–STAT signaling were upregulated in the late passage cells, while some other cytokines such as MMPs and SERPINs were downregulated, representing a possible balance of senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs) in the BMR. Finally, our proteomics data also confirmed cytokine-mediated signaling activation in senescent BMR fibroblasts. Together, our findings suggest the critical role of JAK–STAT and cytokine-mediated signaling pathways during cellular senescence, pointing to the possible contribution of divergent inflammatory factors to the superior resistance of aging and cancer in BMRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurcan Inci
- Department of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
| | - Erdogan Oguzhan Akyildiz
- Department of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Alper Bulbul
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
| | - Eda Tahir Turanli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
| | - Emel Akgun
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Tarik Baykal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
| | - Faruk Colak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak 67100, Turkey
| | - Perinur Bozaykut
- Department of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
- Correspondence:
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