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De la Cruz-Color L, Dominguez-Rosales JA, Maldonado-González M, Ruíz-Madrigal B, Sánchez Muñoz MP, Zaragoza-Guerra VA, Espinoza-Padilla VH, Ruelas-Cinco EDC, Ramírez-Meza SM, Torres Baranda JR, González-Gutiérrez MDR, Hernandez Nazara ZH. Evidence That Peripheral Leptin Resistance in Omental Adipose Tissue and Liver Correlates with MASLD in Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6420. [PMID: 38928125 PMCID: PMC11203746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Leptin regulates lipid metabolism, maximizing insulin sensitivity; however, peripheral leptin resistance is not fully understood, and its contribution to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is unclear. This study evaluated the contribution of the leptin axis to MASLD in humans. Forty-three participants, mostly female (86.04%), who underwent cholecystectomy were biopsied. Of the participants, 24 were healthy controls, 8 had MASLD, and 11 had metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Clinical and biochemical data and the gene expression of leptin, leptin receptor (LEPR), suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1), stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), and patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2 (PNPLA2), were determined from liver and adipose tissue. Higher serum leptin and LEPR levels in the omental adipose tissue (OAT) and liver with MASH were found. In the liver, LEPR was positively correlated with leptin expression in adipose tissue, and SOCS3 was correlated with SREBF1-SCD1. In OAT, SOCS3 was correlated with insulin resistance and transaminase enzymes (p < 0.05 for all. In conclusion, we evidenced the correlation between the peripheral leptin resistance axis in OAT-liver crosstalk and the complications of MASLD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia De la Cruz-Color
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, División de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán 47820, C.P., Mexico;
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, C.P., Mexico (V.H.E.-P.)
| | - Jose Alfredo Dominguez-Rosales
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, C.P., Mexico (V.H.E.-P.)
| | - Montserrat Maldonado-González
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Microbiología, Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, C.P., Mexico; (M.M.-G.); (B.R.-M.); (J.R.T.B.)
| | - Bertha Ruíz-Madrigal
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Microbiología, Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, C.P., Mexico; (M.M.-G.); (B.R.-M.); (J.R.T.B.)
| | - Martha P. Sánchez Muñoz
- Nuevo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Dr. Juan I. Menchaca, Unidad de Cirugía Bariátrica y Metabólica, Guadalajara 44340, C.P., Mexico;
| | - Vianney Alejandrina Zaragoza-Guerra
- Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Zapopan 45201, C.P., Mexico; (V.A.Z.-G.); (M.d.R.G.-G.)
| | - Victor H. Espinoza-Padilla
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, C.P., Mexico (V.H.E.-P.)
| | | | - Sandra M. Ramírez-Meza
- Coordinación de la Licenciatura en Nutrición, División de Estudios de la Salud Centro Universitario de los Valles, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ameca Km. 45.5, Ameca 46600, C.P., Mexico;
| | - José R. Torres Baranda
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Microbiología, Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, C.P., Mexico; (M.M.-G.); (B.R.-M.); (J.R.T.B.)
| | - María del R. González-Gutiérrez
- Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Zapopan 45201, C.P., Mexico; (V.A.Z.-G.); (M.d.R.G.-G.)
| | - Zamira Helena Hernandez Nazara
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, C.P., Mexico (V.H.E.-P.)
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Lee S, Byun MS, Yi D, Ahn H, Jung G, Jung JH, Chang YY, Kim K, Choi H, Choi J, Lee JY, Kang KM, Sohn CH, Lee YS, Kim YK, Lee DY. Plasma Leptin and Alzheimer Protein Pathologies Among Older Adults. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e249539. [PMID: 38700863 PMCID: PMC11069086 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.9539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Many epidemiologic studies have suggested that low levels of plasma leptin, a major adipokine, are associated with increased risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) dementia and cognitive decline. Nevertheless, the mechanistic pathway linking plasma leptin and AD-related cognitive decline is not yet fully understood. Objective To examine the association of plasma leptin levels with in vivo AD pathologies, including amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau deposition, through both cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches among cognitively unimpaired older adults. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a longitudinal cohort study from the Korean Brain Aging Study for Early Diagnosis and Prediction of Alzheimer Disease. Data were collected from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2020, and data were analyzed from July 11 to September 6, 2022. The study included a total of 208 cognitively unimpaired participants who underwent baseline positron emission tomography (PET) scans for brain Aβ deposition. For longitudinal analyses, 192 participants who completed both baseline and 2-year follow-up PET scans for brain Aβ deposition were included. Exposure Plasma leptin levels as assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Main Outcomes and Measures Baseline levels and longitudinal changes of global Aβ and AD-signature region tau deposition measured by PET scans. Results Among the 208 participants, the mean (SD) age was 66.0 (11.3) years, 114 were women (54.8%), and 37 were apolipoprotein E ε4 carriers (17.8%). Lower plasma leptin levels had a significant cross-sectional association with greater brain Aβ deposition (β = -0.04; 95% CI, -0.09 to 0.00; P = .046), while there was no significant association between plasma leptin levels and tau deposition (β = -0.02; 95% CI, -0.05 to 0.02; P = .41). In contrast, longitudinal analyses revealed that there was a significant association between lower baseline leptin levels and greater increase of tau deposition over 2 years (β = -0.06; 95% CI, -0.11 to -0.01; P = .03), whereas plasma leptin levels did not have a significant association with longitudinal change of Aβ deposition (β = 0.006; 95% CI, 0.00-0.02; P = .27). Conclusions and Relevance The present findings suggest that plasma leptin may be protective for the development or progression of AD pathology, including both Aβ and tau deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghoon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Soo Byun
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyun Yi
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Ahn
- Interdisciplinary Program of Cognitive Science, Seoul National University College of Humanities, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gijung Jung
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hyung Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Young Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungtae Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeji Choi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Choi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Koung Mi Kang
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Sohn
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sang Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Kyeong Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program of Cognitive Science, Seoul National University College of Humanities, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Manglani K, Anika NN, Patel D, Jhaveri S, Avanthika C, Sudan S, Alimohamed Z, Tiwari K. Correlation of Leptin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Cureus 2024; 16:e57667. [PMID: 38707092 PMCID: PMC11070180 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The exponential increase in diabetes mellitus (DM) poses serious public health concerns. In this review, we focus on the role of leptin in type 2 DM. The peripheral actions of leptin consist of upregulating proinflammatory cytokines which play an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 DM and insulin resistance. Moreover, leptin is known to inhibit insulin secretion and plays a significant role in insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 DM. A literature search was conducted on Medline, Cochrane, Embase, and Google Scholar for relevant articles published until December 2023. The following search strings and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH terms) were used: "Diabetes Mellitus," "Leptin," "NPY," and "Biomarker." This article aims to discuss the physiology of leptin in type 2 DM, its glucoregulatory actions, its relationship with appetite, the impact that various lifestyle modifications can have on leptin levels, and, finally, explore leptin as a potential target for various treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajol Manglani
- Internal Medicine, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, USA
| | | | - Dhriti Patel
- Medicine and Surgery, B.J. Medical College and Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, IND
| | - Sharan Jhaveri
- Medicine and Surgery, Smt. Nathiba Hargovandas Lakhmichand Municipal Medical College, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, IND
| | - Chaithanya Avanthika
- Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Elmhurst Hospital Center, New York, USA
- Medicine and Surgery, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubballi, IND
| | - Sourav Sudan
- Internal Medicine, Government Medical College, Rajouri, Rajouri, IND
| | - Zainab Alimohamed
- Division of Research & Academic Affairs, Larkin Health System, South Miami, USA
| | - Kripa Tiwari
- Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, New York, USA
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Ursino G, Lucibello G, Teixeira PDS, Höfler A, Veyrat-Durebex C, Odouard S, Visentin F, Galgano L, Somm E, Vianna CR, Widmer A, Jornayvaz FR, Boland A, Ramadori G, Coppari R. S100A9 exerts insulin-independent antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj4686. [PMID: 38170783 PMCID: PMC10796079 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj4686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by insulin deficiency leading to hyperglycemia and several metabolic defects. Insulin therapy remains the cornerstone of T1DM management, yet it increases the risk of life-threatening hypoglycemia and the development of major comorbidities. Here, we report an insulin signaling-independent pathway able to improve glycemic control in T1DM rodents. Co-treatment with recombinant S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9) enabled increased adherence to glycemic targets with half as much insulin and without causing hypoglycemia. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that the hyperglycemia-suppressing action of S100A9 is due to a Toll-like receptor 4-dependent increase in glucose uptake in specific skeletal muscles (i.e., soleus and diaphragm). In addition, we found that T1DM mice have abnormal systemic inflammation, which is resolved by S100A9 therapy alone (or in combination with low insulin), hence uncovering a potent anti-inflammatory action of S100A9 in T1DM. In summary, our findings reveal the S100A9-TLR4 skeletal muscle axis as a promising therapeutic target for improving T1DM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Ursino
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Lucibello
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pryscila D. S. Teixeira
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anna Höfler
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Veyrat-Durebex
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Soline Odouard
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florian Visentin
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luca Galgano
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Somm
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic patient education, Geneva University Hospital, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claudia R. Vianna
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ariane Widmer
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François R. Jornayvaz
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic patient education, Geneva University Hospital, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Boland
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giorgio Ramadori
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Coppari
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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Enemark F, Novakovic ZM, Grasso P. Assessing the Safety of MA-[D-Leu-4]-OB3, a Synthetic Peptide Leptin Mimetic: Two Pre-Clinical Toxicity Studies in Male and Female C57BL/6 Mice. Int J Toxicol 2023; 42:504-514. [PMID: 37556196 DOI: 10.1177/10915818231193634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Although the regulatory influence of leptin on energy balance, glycemic control, immunity, reproduction, and cognition is well established, its clinical application to common obesity and its co-morbidities has been limited by impaired transport across the blood-brain barrier, and tendencies to induce adverse side effects. To circumvent these drawbacks, MA-[D-Leu-4]-OB3, a leptin-related synthetic peptide that mimics the metabolic and neurotrophic effects of leptin in mouse models of genetic and non-genetic obesity, diabetes, and cognitive dysfunction, has been developed. This report presents the results of our initial efforts to assess the safety of orally delivered MA-[D-Leu-4]-OB3. Two pre-clinical studies were done in male and female C57BL/6 mice: a short-term study with a high dose of MA-[D-Leu-4]-OB3 (50 mg/kg/100 μL/day) and a dose-response study with 3 increasing concentrations of MA-[D-Leu-4]-OB3 (16.6, 50, and 150 mg/kg/100 μL/day). Body weight, food and water intake, glucose tolerance, and episodic memory were evaluated. Once-daily cage-side clinical observations were conducted to detect any physical or behavioral indicators of toxicity. Our results indicate that all metabolic and neurologic endpoints tested were either unaffected or improved by MA-[D-Leu-4]-OB3, and no clinical indicators of toxicity were evident. Together with our previously reported efficacy data, these results provide additional evidence supporting further development of this novel synthetic peptide leptin mimetic as a first-in-class peptide drug candidate for the treatment of a number of metabolic and/or cognitive dysfunctions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forrest Enemark
- Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Zachary M Novakovic
- Saratoga Hospital Medical Group, Saratoga Hospital, Saratoga Springs, NY, USA
| | - Patricia Grasso
- Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
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Alkhaleq HA, Karram T, Fokra A, Hamoud S, Kabala A, Abassi Z. The Protective Pathways Activated in Kidneys of αMUPA Transgenic Mice Following Ischemia\Reperfusion-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. Cells 2023; 12:2497. [PMID: 37887341 PMCID: PMC10605904 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI), the therapeutic approaches for AKI are disappointing. This deficiency stems from the poor understanding of the pathogenesis of AKI. Recent studies demonstrate that αMUPA, alpha murine urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) transgenic mice, display a cardioprotective pathway following myocardial ischemia. We hypothesize that these mice also possess protective renal pathways. Male and female αMUPA mice and their wild type were subjected to 30 min of bilateral ischemic AKI. Blood samples and kidneys were harvested 48 h following AKI for biomarkers of kidney function, renal injury, inflammatory response, and intracellular pathways sensing or responding to AKI. αMUPA mice, especially females, exhibited attenuated renal damage in response to AKI, as was evident from lower SCr and BUN, normal renal histology, and attenuated expression of NGAL and KIM-1. Notably, αMUPA females did not show a significant change in renal inflammatory and fibrotic markers following AKI as compared with wild-type (WT) mice and αMUPA males. Moreover, αMUPA female mice exhibited the lowest levels of renal apoptotic and autophagy markers during normal conditions and following AKI. αMUPA mice, especially the females, showed remarkable expression of PGC1α and eNOS following AKI. Furthermore, MUPA mice showed a significant elevation in renal leptin expression before and following AKI. Pretreatment of αMUPA with leptin-neutralizing antibodies prior to AKI abolished their resistance to AKI. Collectively, the kidneys of αMUPA mice, especially those of females, are less susceptible to ischemic I/R injury compared to WT mice, and this is due to nephroprotective actions mediated by the upregulation of leptin, eNOS, ACE2, and PGC1α along with impaired inflammatory, fibrotic, and autophagy processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Abd Alkhaleq
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel; (H.A.A.); (A.F.); (A.K.)
| | - Tony Karram
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel;
| | - Ahmad Fokra
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel; (H.A.A.); (A.F.); (A.K.)
| | - Shadi Hamoud
- Internal Medicine, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel;
| | - Aviva Kabala
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel; (H.A.A.); (A.F.); (A.K.)
| | - Zaid Abassi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel; (H.A.A.); (A.F.); (A.K.)
- Laboratory Medicine, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Beltrán-Velasco AI, Redondo-Flórez L, Martín-Rodríguez A, Yáñez-Sepúlveda R, Tornero-Aguilera JF. Neuro-Vulnerability in Energy Metabolism Regulation: A Comprehensive Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3106. [PMID: 37513524 PMCID: PMC10383861 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive narrative review explores the concept of neuro-vulnerability in energy metabolism regulation and its implications for metabolic disorders. The review highlights the complex interactions among the neural, hormonal, and metabolic pathways involved in the regulation of energy metabolism. The key topics discussed include the role of organs, hormones, and neural circuits in maintaining metabolic balance. The review investigates the association between neuro-vulnerability and metabolic disorders, such as obesity, insulin resistance, and eating disorders, considering genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors that influence neuro-vulnerability and subsequent metabolic dysregulation. Neuroendocrine interactions and the neural regulation of food intake and energy expenditure are examined, with a focus on the impact of neuro-vulnerability on appetite dysregulation and altered energy expenditure. The role of neuroinflammation in metabolic health and neuro-vulnerability is discussed, emphasizing the bidirectional relationship between metabolic dysregulation and neuroinflammatory processes. This review also evaluates the use of neuroimaging techniques in studying neuro-vulnerability and their potential applications in clinical settings. Furthermore, the association between neuro-vulnerability and eating disorders, as well as its contribution to obesity, is examined. Potential therapeutic interventions targeting neuro-vulnerability, including pharmacological treatments and lifestyle modifications, are reviewed. In conclusion, understanding the concept of neuro-vulnerability in energy metabolism regulation is crucial for addressing metabolic disorders. This review provides valuable insights into the underlying neurobiological mechanisms and their implications for metabolic health. Targeting neuro-vulnerability holds promise for developing innovative strategies in the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders, ultimately improving metabolic health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | | | - Laura Redondo-Flórez
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda
- Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile
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Alfaqih MA, Aljanabi M, Ababneh E, Khanfar M, Alqudah M, Sater M. Leptin and the rs2167270 Polymorphism Are Associated with Glycemic Control in Type Two Diabetes Mellitus Patients on Metformin Therapy. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:997. [PMID: 37241229 PMCID: PMC10221967 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59050997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease with debilitating complications and high mortality. Evidence indicates that good glycemic control delays disease progression and is hence a target of disease management protocols. Nonetheless, some patients cannot maintain glycemic control. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum leptin levels and several SNPs of the LEP gene with the lack of glycemic control in T2DM patients on metformin therapy. Materials and Methods: In a hospital-based case-control study, 170 patients with poor glycemic control and 170 patients with good glycemic control were recruited. Serum leptin was measured. Patients were genotyped for three SNPs in the LEP gene (rs7799039, rs2167270, and rs791620). Results: Serum leptin was significantly lower in T2DM patients with poor glycemic control (p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, serum leptin levels significantly lowered the risk of having poor glycemic control (OR = 0.985; CI: 0.976-0.994; p = 0.002); moreover, the GA genotype of rs2167270 was protective against poor glycemic control compared to the GG genotype (OR = 0.417; CI: 0.245-0.712; p = 0.001). Conclusions: Higher serum leptin and the GA genotype of the rs2167270 SNP of the LEP gene were associated with good glycemic control in T2DM patients on metformin therapy. Further studies with a larger sample size from multiple institutions are required to validate the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. Alfaqih
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 15503, Bahrain;
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (M.A.); (E.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Mukhallad Aljanabi
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (M.A.); (E.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Ebaa Ababneh
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (M.A.); (E.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Mariam Khanfar
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (M.A.); (E.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Mohammad Alqudah
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Manama 15503, Bahrain;
| | - Mai Sater
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 15503, Bahrain;
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You S, Xu J, Yin Z, Wu B, Wang P, Hao M, Cheng C, Liu M, Zhao Y, Jia P, Jiang H, Li D, Cao L, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Zhang N. Down-regulation of WWP2 aggravates Type 2 diabetes mellitus-induced vascular endothelial injury through modulating ubiquitination and degradation of DDX3X. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:107. [PMID: 37149668 PMCID: PMC10164326 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01818-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial injury caused by Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is considered as a mainstay in the pathophysiology of diabetic vascular complications (DVCs). However, the molecular mechanism of T2DM-induced endothelial injury remains largely unknown. Here, we found that endothelial WW domain-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (WWP2) act as a novel regulator for T2DM-induced vascular endothelial injury through modulating ubiquitination and degradation of DEAD-box helicase 3 X-linked (DDX3X). METHODS Single-cell transcriptome analysis was used to evaluate WWP2 expression in vascular endothelial cells of T2DM patients and healthy controls. Endothelial-specific Wwp2 knockout mice were used to investigate the effect of WWP2 on T2DM-induced vascular endothelial injury. In vitro loss- and gain-of-function studies were performed to assess the function of WWP2 on cell proliferation and apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The substrate protein of WWP2 was verified using mass spectrometry, coimmunoprecipitation assays and immunofluorescence assays. The mechanism of WWP2 regulation on substrate protein was investigated by pulse-chase assay and ubiquitination assay. RESULTS The expression of WWP2 was significantly down-regulated in vascular endothelial cells during T2DM. Endothelial-specific Wwp2 knockout in mice significantly aggravated T2DM-induced vascular endothelial injury and vascular remodeling after endothelial injury. Our in vitro experiments showed that WWP2 protected against endothelial injury by promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis in ECs. Mechanically, we found that WWP2 is down-regulated in high glucose and palmitic acid (HG/PA)-induced ECs due to c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation, and uncovered that WWP2 suppresses HG/PA-induced endothelial injury by catalyzing K63-linked polyubiquitination of DDX3X and targeting it for proteasomal degradation. CONCLUSION Our studies revealed the key role of endothelial WWP2 and the fundamental importance of the JNK-WWP2-DDX3X regulatory axis in T2DM-induced vascular endothelial injury, suggesting that WWP2 may serve as a new therapeutic target for DVCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilong You
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Boquan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengbo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjun Hao
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengke Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhui Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyu Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongkun Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Da Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine (China Medical University), National Health Commission, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Liu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
- Institute of School of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of School of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Naijin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine (China Medical University), National Health Commission, Shenyang, 110004, China.
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Genetic Markers of Insulin Resistance and Atherosclerosis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030427. [PMID: 36984867 PMCID: PMC10054456 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by impaired insulin secretion on a background of insulin resistance (IR). IR and T2DM are associated with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD). The mechanisms of IR and atherosclerosis are known to share similar genetic and environmental roots. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) detected at the earliest stages of IR might be the origin of atherosclerosis progression. ED influences the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and their encoding genes. The genes and their single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) act as potential genetic markers of IR and atherosclerosis. This review focuses on the link between IR, T2DM, atherosclerosis, CAD, and the potential genetic markers CHI3L1, CD36, LEPR, RETN, IL-18, RBP-4, and RARRES2 genes.
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11
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Association of general and central obesity, and their changes with risk of knee osteoarthritis: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3796. [PMID: 36882508 PMCID: PMC9992488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30727-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association between general and central obesity, and their changes with risk of knee osteoarthritis (OA) using retrospective cohort data collected from the Korean National Health Insurance Service. We studied 1,139,463 people aged 50 and over who received a health examination in 2009. To evaluate the association between general and/or central obesity and knee OA risk, a Cox proportional hazard models were used. Additionally, we investigate knee OA risk according to the change in obesity status over 2 years for subjects who had undergone health examinations for 2 consecutive years. General obesity without central obesity (HR 1.281, 95% CI 1.270-1.292) and central obesity without general obesity (HR 1.167, 95% CI 1.150-1.184) were associated with increased knee OA risk than the comparison group. Individuals with both general with central obesity had the highest risk (HR 1.418, 95% CI 1.406-1.429). This association was more pronounced in women and younger age group. Remarkably, the remission of general or central obesity over two years was associated with decreased knee OA risk (HR 0.884; 95% CI 0.867-0.902; HR 0.900; 95% CI 0.884-0.916, respectively). The present study found that both general and central obesity were associated with increased risk of knee OA and the risk was highest when the two types of obesity were accompanied. Changes in obesity status have been confirmed to alter the risk of knee OA.
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12
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Associations between Cord Blood Leptin Levels and Childhood Adiposity Differ by Sex and Age at Adiposity Assessment. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12122060. [PMID: 36556424 PMCID: PMC9780853 DOI: 10.3390/life12122060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower cord blood leptin levels have been associated with lower and higher adiposity in childhood and associations seem to differ according to the child’s age, methods of adiposity assessment and sex. Our aim was to investigate sex-specific associations of cord blood leptinemia with childhood adiposity at birth, 3 and 5 years of age. We measured cord blood leptin using Luminex immunoassays in 520 offspring from the Gen3G cohort. We tested associations between cord blood leptin and body mass index (BMI) z-score, skinfolds thicknesses (SFT), and body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, adjusted for confounders. At birth, girls had almost twice as much leptin in cord blood as boys (15.5 [8.9; 25.6] vs. 8.6 [4.9; 15.0] ng/mL; p < 0.0001) as well as significantly greater adiposity. Lower levels of cord blood leptin were associated with higher sum of SFT (β = −0.05 ± 0.02; p = 0.03) and higher BMI z-score (β= −0.22 ± 0.08; p = 0.01) in 3-year-old boys only. We did not observe these associations at age 5, or in girls. Our results suggest a sexual dimorphism in the programming of leptin sensitivity and childhood adiposity, but further observational and functional studies are needed to better understand the role of leptin in early life.
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13
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Xu F, Zhang M, Wu H, Wang Y, Yang Y, Wang X. Study on the mechanism of lupenone for treating type 2 diabetes by integrating pharmacological evaluation and network pharmacology. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:997-1010. [PMID: 35635284 PMCID: PMC9154797 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2067568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Lupenone (LUP) is the active ingredient of Musa basjoo Sieb. et Zucc. (Musaceae) with antidiabetes effects, but an unclear underlying mechanism of action. OBJECTIVE Animal experiments combined with network pharmacology were used to explore the mechanism of LUP for treating diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Insulin resistance (IR) in male Sprague-Dawley rats with type 2 diabetic was induced using a high-fat diet and streptozotocin. The selected rats were divided into normal group, model group, positive group and LUP (2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 mg/kg) groups, and orally administrated twice daily with Tween 80, rosiglitazone or LUP. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), oxidative stress index, blood lipids and IR-related targets were detected. A network pharmacology analysis was performed. RESULTS Compared to the model group, LUP (8.0 mg/kg) significantly decreased the levels of FBG (22.3%), LEP (9.5%), HbA1c (14.9%) and MDA (12.3%), increased the ADPN (24.2%) levels and GSH-PX activity (12.4%) (p < 0.05), improved oxidative stress, lipid metabolism disorders and pancreas pathological changes, increased the mRNA and protein expression of InsR (3.7-fold and 1.3-fold), IRS-1 (3-fold and 2-fold), IRS-2 (2-fold and 1.6-fold), GLUT-4 (2-fold and 2.4-fold) in skeletal muscle and IRS-1 (6-fold and 1.6-fold), IRS-2 (5.8-fold and 1.5-fold), GLUT-4 (2.5-fold and 1.7-fold) and PPAR-γ (7-fold and 1.4-fold) in adipose tissue (p < 0.05). Network pharmacology analysis revealed that LUP improves IR by multiple targets and signal pathways. CONCLUSIONS The mechanism of LUP for treating diabetes is related to improving IR. LUP has the potential to be developed as a new drug for treating type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Mei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Hongmei Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Yuanmin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Ye Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Xiangpei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, PR China
- CONTACT Xiangpei Wang College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Minzu University, Huaxi District, Guizhou Province, Guiyang550025, PR China
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14
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Discovery of PPARγ and glucocorticoid receptor dual agonists to promote the adiponectin and leptin biosynthesis in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 245:114927. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Zakharova IO, Bayunova LV, Derkach KV, Ilyasov IO, Morina IY, Shpakov AO, Avrova NF. Effects of Intranasally Administered Insulin and Gangliosides on Hypothalamic Signaling and Expression of Hepatic Gluconeogenesis Genes in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022060072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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16
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Srour N, Caron A, Michael NJ. Do POMC neurons have a sweet tooth for leptin? Special issue: Role of nutrients in nervous control of energy balance. Biochimie 2022:S0300-9084(22)00231-0. [PMID: 36122808 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Coordinated detection of changes in metabolic state by the nervous system is fundamental for survival. Hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons play a critical role in integrating metabolic signals, including leptin levels. They also coordinate adaptative responses and thus represent an important relay in the regulation of energy balance. Despite a plethora of work documenting the effects of individual hormones, nutrients, and neuropeptides on POMC neurons, the importance for crosstalk and additive effects between such signaling molecules is still underexplored. The ability of the metabolic state and the concentrations of nutrients, such as glucose, to influence leptin's effects on POMC neurons appears critical for understanding the function and complexity of this regulatory network. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the effects of leptin on POMC neuron electrical excitability and discuss factors potentially contributing to variability in these effects, with a particular focus on the mouse models that have been developed and the importance of extracellular glucose levels. This review highlights the importance of the metabolic "environment" for determining hypothalamic neuronal responsiveness to metabolic cues and for determining the fundamental effects of leptin on the activity of hypothalamic POMC neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Srour
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada; Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Caron
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada; Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Montreal Diabetes Research Center, QC, Canada.
| | - Natalie Jane Michael
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada; Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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17
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Zhou W, Yang J, Zhang Y, Hu X, Wang W. Current landscape of gene-editing technology in biomedicine: Applications, advantages, challenges, and perspectives. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e155. [PMID: 35845351 PMCID: PMC9283854 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The expanding genome editing toolbox has revolutionized life science research ranging from the bench to the bedside. These “molecular scissors” have offered us unprecedented abilities to manipulate nucleic acid sequences precisely in living cells from diverse species. Continued advances in genome editing exponentially broaden our knowledge of human genetics, epigenetics, molecular biology, and pathology. Currently, gene editing‐mediated therapies have led to impressive responses in patients with hematological diseases, including sickle cell disease and thalassemia. With the discovery of more efficient, precise and sophisticated gene‐editing tools, more therapeutic gene‐editing approaches will enter the clinic to treat various diseases, such as acquired immunodeficiency sydrome (AIDS), hematologic malignancies, and even severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. These initial successes have spurred the further innovation and development of gene‐editing technology. In this review, we will introduce the architecture and mechanism of the current gene‐editing tools, including clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR‐associated nuclease‐based tools and other protein‐based DNA targeting systems, and we summarize the meaningful applications of diverse technologies in preclinical studies, focusing on the establishment of disease models and diagnostic techniques. Finally, we provide a comprehensive overview of clinical information using gene‐editing therapeutics for treating various human diseases and emphasize the opportunities and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Zhou
- Department of Biotherapyy State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu People's Republic of China
| | - Jinrong Yang
- Department of Biotherapyy State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology Hematology Research Laboratory State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Yalan Zhang
- Department of Biotherapyy State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Hu
- Department of Biotherapyy State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu People's Republic of China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children Ministry of Education West China Second Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Biotherapyy State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu People's Republic of China
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18
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Fernandes ACA, de Oliveira FP, Fernandez G, da Guia Vieira L, Rosa CG, do Nascimento T, de Castro França S, Donato J, Vella KR, Antunes-Rodrigues J, Mecawi AS, Perello M, Elias LLK, Rorato R. Arcuate AgRP, but not POMC neurons, modulate paraventricular CRF synthesis and release in response to fasting. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:118. [PMID: 35902915 PMCID: PMC9331576 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00853-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is essential for metabolic adaptation in response to fasting. However, the neurocircuitry connecting changes in the peripheral energy stores to the activity of hypothalamic paraventricular corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRFPVN) neurons, the master controller of the HPA axis activity, is not completely understood. Our main goal was to determine if hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) POMC and AgRP neurons can communicate fasting-induced changes in peripheral energy stores, associated to a fall in plasma leptin levels, to CRFPVN neurons to modulate the HPA axis activity in mice. RESULTS We observed increased plasma corticosterone levels associate with increased CRFPVN mRNA expression and increased CRFPVN neuronal activity in 36 h fasted mice. These responses were associated with a fall in plasma leptin levels and changes in the mRNA expression of Agrp and Pomc in the ARC. Fasting-induced decrease in plasma leptin partially modulated these responses through a change in the activity of ARC neurons. The chemogenetic activation of POMCARC by DREADDs did not affect fasting-induced activation of the HPA axis. DREADDs inhibition of AgRPARC neurons reduced the content of CRFPVN and increased its accumulation in the median eminence but had no effect on corticosterone secretion induced by fasting. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that AgRPARC neurons are part of the neurocircuitry involved in the coupling of PVNCRF activity to changes in peripheral energy stores induced by prolonged fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Franciane Pereira de Oliveira
- Department of Biophysics, Paulista Medical School, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Gimena Fernandez
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata, La Plata, 403, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luane da Guia Vieira
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirão Prêto, SP, 14096-900, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Gugelmin Rosa
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirão Prêto, SP, 14096-900, Brazil
| | - Taís do Nascimento
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirão Prêto, SP, 14096-900, Brazil
| | - Suzelei de Castro França
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirão Prêto, SP, 14096-900, Brazil
| | - Jose Donato
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Kristen R Vella
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and the Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Jose Antunes-Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Prêto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - André Souza Mecawi
- Department of Biophysics, Paulista Medical School, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Mario Perello
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata, La Plata, 403, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucila Leico Kagohara Elias
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Prêto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Rorato
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirão Prêto, SP, 14096-900, Brazil. .,Department of Biophysics, Paulista Medical School, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04023-062, Brazil.
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19
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Ursino G, Ramadori G, Höfler A, Odouard S, Teixeira PDS, Visentin F, Veyrat-Durebex C, Lucibello G, Firnkes R, Ricci S, Vianna CR, Jia L, Dirlewanger M, Klee P, Elmquist JK, Roth J, Vogl T, Schwitzgebel VM, Jornayvaz FR, Boland A, Coppari R. Hepatic non-parenchymal S100A9-TLR4-mTORC1 axis normalizes diabetic ketogenesis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4107. [PMID: 35840613 PMCID: PMC9287425 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31803-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Unrestrained ketogenesis leads to life-threatening ketoacidosis whose incidence is high in patients with diabetes. While insulin therapy reduces ketogenesis this approach is sub-optimal. Here, we report an insulin-independent pathway able to normalize diabetic ketogenesis. By generating insulin deficient male mice lacking or re-expressing Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) only in liver or hepatocytes, we demonstrate that hepatic TLR4 in non-parenchymal cells mediates the ketogenesis-suppressing action of S100A9. Mechanistically, S100A9 acts extracellularly to activate the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in a TLR4-dependent manner. Accordingly, hepatic-restricted but not hepatocyte-restricted loss of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 1 (TSC1, an mTORC1 inhibitor) corrects insulin-deficiency-induced hyperketonemia. Therapeutically, recombinant S100A9 administration restrains ketogenesis and improves hyperglycemia without causing hypoglycemia in diabetic mice. Also, circulating S100A9 in patients with ketoacidosis is only marginally increased hence unveiling a window of opportunity to pharmacologically augment S100A9 for preventing unrestrained ketogenesis. In summary, our findings reveal the hepatic S100A9-TLR4-mTORC1 axis in non-parenchymal cells as a promising therapeutic target for restraining diabetic ketogenesis. Excess ketogenesis can lead to ketoacidosis, a serious complication in patients with diabetes. Here the authors report an insulin independent pathway, the hepatic nonparenchymal S100A9-TLR4-mTORC1 axis, that is able to normalize diabetic ketogenesis and pre-clinical data to suggest potential for development of S100A9 based adjunctive therapy to insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Ursino
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giorgio Ramadori
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Anna Höfler
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Soline Odouard
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pryscila D S Teixeira
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florian Visentin
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Veyrat-Durebex
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Lucibello
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Raquel Firnkes
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Serena Ricci
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claudia R Vianna
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Lin Jia
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Mirjam Dirlewanger
- Pediatric Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Klee
- Pediatric Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joel K Elmquist
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Munster, 48149, Munster, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University of Munster, 48149, Munster, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Munster, 48149, Munster, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University of Munster, 48149, Munster, Germany
| | - Valérie M Schwitzgebel
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,Pediatric Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François R Jornayvaz
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic patient education, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Boland
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Coppari
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
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20
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Prolonged Activation of Brain CB2 Signaling Modulates Hypothalamic Microgliosis and Astrogliosis in High Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105527. [PMID: 35628338 PMCID: PMC9141740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-grade inflammation of the hypothalamus is associated with the disturbance of energy balance. The endocannabinoid system has been implicated in the development and maintenance of obesity as well as in the control of immune responses. The type 2 cannabinoid receptor (CB2) signaling has been associated with anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice, we modulated CB2 signaling and investigated its effects on energy homeostasis and hypothalamic microgliosis/astrogliosis. We observed no effect on caloric intake and body weight gain in control diet-fed animals that received prolonged icv infusion of the CB2 receptor agonist HU308. Interestingly, we observed a decrease in glucose tolerance in HFD-fed animals treated with HU308. Prolonged icv infusion of HU308 increases astrogliosis in the ventromedial nucleus (VMH) of obese animals and reduced HFD-induced microgliosis in the hypothalamic arcuate (ARC) but not in the paraventricular (PVN) or VMH nuclei. These data indicate that central CB2 signaling modulates glucose homeostasis and glial reactivity in obesogenic conditions, irrespective of changes in body weight.
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21
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Grasso P. Harnessing the Power of Leptin: The Biochemical Link Connecting Obesity, Diabetes, and Cognitive Decline. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:861350. [PMID: 35527735 PMCID: PMC9072663 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.861350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, the current understanding of leptin’s role in energy balance, glycemic regulation, and cognitive function is examined, and its involvement in maintaining the homeostatic “harmony” of these physiologies is explored. The effects of exercise on circulating leptin levels are summarized, and the results of clinical application of leptin to metabolic disease and neurologic dysfunction are reviewed. Finally, pre-clinical evidence is presented which suggests that synthetic peptide leptin mimetics may be useful in resolving not only the leptin resistance associated with common obesity and other elements of metabolic syndrome, but also the peripheral insulin resistance characterizing type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the central insulin resistance associated with certain neurologic deficits in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Grasso
- Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Patricia Grasso,
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22
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Zhao YF. Free fatty acid receptors in the endocrine regulation of glucose metabolism: Insight from gastrointestinal-pancreatic-adipose interactions. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:956277. [PMID: 36246919 PMCID: PMC9554507 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.956277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose metabolism is primarily controlled by pancreatic hormones, with the coordinated assistance of the hormones from gastrointestine and adipose tissue. Studies have unfolded a sophisticated hormonal gastrointestinal-pancreatic-adipose interaction network, which essentially maintains glucose homeostasis in response to the changes in substrates and nutrients. Free fatty acids (FFAs) are the important substrates that are involved in glucose metabolism. FFAs are able to activate the G-protein coupled membrane receptors including GPR40, GPR120, GPR41 and GPR43, which are specifically expressed in pancreatic islet cells, enteroendocrine cells as well as adipocytes. The activation of FFA receptors regulates the secretion of hormones from pancreas, gastrointestine and adipose tissue to influence glucose metabolism. This review presents the effects of the FFA receptors on glucose metabolism via the hormonal gastrointestinal-pancreatic-adipose interactions and the underlying intracellular mechanisms. Furthermore, the development of therapeutic drugs targeting FFA receptors for the treatment of abnormal glucose metabolism such as type 2 diabetes mellitus is summarized.
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23
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Rivero-Gutiérrez B, Arredondo-Amador M, Gámez-Belmonte R, Sánchez de Medina F, Martínez-Augustin O. Leptin-resistant Zucker rats with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid colitis present a reduced inflammatory response but enhanced epithelial damage. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 321:G157-G170. [PMID: 34132111 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00367.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The role of leptin in the development of intestinal inflammation remains controversial, since proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects have been described. This study describes the effect of the absence of leptin signaling in intestinal inflammation. Experimental colitis was induced by intrarectal administration of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) to lean and obese Zucker rats (n = 10). Effects on inflammation and mucosal barrier were studied. Bacterial translocation and LPS concentration were evaluated together with colonic permeability to 4-kDa FITC-dextran. Obese Zucker rats showed a lower intestinal myeloperoxidase and alkaline phosphatase activity, reduced alkaline phosphatase sensitivity to levamisole, and diminished colonic expression of Nos2, Tnf, and Il6, indicating attenuated intestinal inflammation, associated with attenuated STAT3, AKT, and ERK signaling in the colonic tissue. S100a8 and Cxcl1 mRNA levels were maintained, suggesting that in the absence of leptin signaling neutrophil activation rather than infiltration is hampered. Despite the lower inflammatory response, leptin resistance enhanced intestinal permeability, reflecting an increased epithelial damage. This was shown by augmented LPS presence in the portal vein of colitic obese Zucker rats, associated with induction of tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase, LPS-binding protein, and CD14 hepatic expression (involved in LPS handling). This was linked to decreased ZO-1 immunoreactivity in tight junctions and lower occludin expression. Our results indicate that obese Zucker rats present an attenuated inflammatory response to TNBS, but increased intestinal epithelial damage allowing the passage of bacterial antigens.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Obese Zucker rats, which are resistant to leptin, exhibit a diminished inflammatory response in the trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) model of colitis, suggesting leptin role is proinflammatory. At the same time, obese Zucker rats present a debilitated intestinal barrier function, with increased translocation of LPS. Zucker rats present a dual response in the TNBS model of rat colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Rivero-Gutiérrez
- Department of Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - María Arredondo-Amador
- Department of Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Reyes Gámez-Belmonte
- Department of Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Fermín Sánchez de Medina
- Department of Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Olga Martínez-Augustin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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24
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Duquenne M, Folgueira C, Bourouh C, Millet M, Silva A, Clasadonte J, Imbernon M, Fernandois D, Martinez-Corral I, Kusumakshi S, Caron E, Rasika S, Deliglia E, Jouy N, Oishi A, Mazzone M, Trinquet E, Tavernier J, Kim YB, Ory S, Jockers R, Schwaninger M, Boehm U, Nogueiras R, Annicotte JS, Gasman S, Dam J, Prévot V. Leptin brain entry via a tanycytic LepR-EGFR shuttle controls lipid metabolism and pancreas function. Nat Metab 2021; 3:1071-1090. [PMID: 34341568 PMCID: PMC7611554 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00432-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic health depends on the brain's ability to control food intake and nutrient use versus storage, processes that require peripheral signals such as the adipocyte-derived hormone, leptin, to cross brain barriers and mobilize regulatory circuits. We have previously shown that hypothalamic tanycytes shuttle leptin into the brain to reach target neurons. Here, using multiple complementary models, we show that tanycytes express functional leptin receptor (LepR), respond to leptin by triggering Ca2+ waves and target protein phosphorylation, and that their transcytotic transport of leptin requires the activation of a LepR-EGFR complex by leptin and EGF sequentially. Selective deletion of LepR in tanycytes blocks leptin entry into the brain, inducing not only increased food intake and lipogenesis but also glucose intolerance through attenuated insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells, possibly via altered sympathetic nervous tone. Tanycytic LepRb-EGFR-mediated transport of leptin could thus be crucial to the pathophysiology of diabetes in addition to obesity, with therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Duquenne
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Cintia Folgueira
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cyril Bourouh
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CNRS, U1283-UMR 8199-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Marion Millet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anisia Silva
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Clasadonte
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Monica Imbernon
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Daniela Fernandois
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Ines Martinez-Corral
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Soumya Kusumakshi
- Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling, Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Emilie Caron
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - S Rasika
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Eleonora Deliglia
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Jouy
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, Lille, France
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, BioImaging Center of Lille, Hospital Campus, UMS2014-US41, Lille, France
| | - Asturo Oishi
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eric Trinquet
- Cisbio Bioassays, Parc Technologique Marcel Boiteux, Codolet, France
| | - Jan Tavernier
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Gent, Belgium
| | - Young-Bum Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stéphane Ory
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ulrich Boehm
- Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling, Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jean-Sébastien Annicotte
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CNRS, U1283-UMR 8199-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Stéphane Gasman
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julie Dam
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Prévot
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, Lille, France.
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25
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Prophylactic Application of MA-[d-Leu-4]-OB3, a Small Molecule Synthetic Peptide Leptin Mimetic, Prevents or Slows the Progression of Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Cognitive Impairment in a Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10248-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Para I, Albu A, Porojan MD. Adipokines and Arterial Stiffness in Obesity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57070653. [PMID: 34202323 PMCID: PMC8305474 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57070653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adipokines are active molecules with pleiotropic effects produced by adipose tissue and involved in obesity-related metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Arterial stiffness, which is a consequence of arteriosclerosis, has been shown to be an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of arterial stiffness is complex but incompletely understood. Adipokines dysregulation may induce, by various mechanisms, vascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and vascular remodeling, leading to increased arterial stiffness. This article summarizes literature data regarding adipokine-related pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the development of arterial stiffness, particularly in obesity, as well as the results of clinical and epidemiological studies which investigated the relationship between adipokines and arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Para
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Adriana Albu
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Correspondence:
| | - Mihai D. Porojan
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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27
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Fatty acids role on obesity induced hypothalamus inflammation: From problem to solution – A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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28
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Keshavarz H, Meints LM, Geiger MK, R Zinn K, Spence DM. Specific Binding of Leptin to Red Blood Cells Delivers a Pancreatic Hormone and Stimulates ATP Release. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:2438-2447. [PMID: 33939443 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1994, leptin continues to have new potential physiological roles uncovered, including a role in the regulation of blood flow. Leptin's role in regulating blood flow is not completely understood. Red blood cell (RBC)-derived ATP is a recognized stimulus of blood flow, and multiple studies suggest that C-peptide, a hormone secreted in equimolar amounts with insulin from the pancreatic β-cells, can stimulate that release when delivered by albumin and in combination with Zn2+. Here, we report leptin delivers C-peptide and Zn2+ to RBCs in a saturable and specific manner. We labeled leptin with technetium-99 m (99mTc) to perform binding studies while using albumin to block the specific binding of 99mTc-leptin in the presence or absence of C-peptide. Our results suggest that leptin has a saturable and specific binding site on the RBC ((Kd = 1.79 ± 0.46) × 10-7 M) that is statistically equal to the binding affinity in the presence of 20 nM C-peptide ((Kd = 2.05 ± 0.20) × 10-7 M). While the binding affinity between leptin and the RBC did not change with C-peptide, the moles of bound leptin did increase with C-peptide, suggesting a separate binding site on the cell for a leptin/C-peptide complex. The RBC-derived ATP increased in the presence of a leptin/C-peptide/Zn2+ addition, in a concentration-dependent manner. Control RBCs ATP release increased (71 ± 5.6%) in the presence of C-peptide and Zn2+, which increased further to (94 ± 5.6%) in the presence of Zn2+, C-peptide, and leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Keshavarz
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Lisa M Meints
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States.,Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Morgan K Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Kurt R Zinn
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Dana M Spence
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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29
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Botanic Origin of Propolis Extract Powder Drives Contrasted Impact on Diabesity in High-Fat-Fed Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030411. [PMID: 33803136 PMCID: PMC8000394 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis extracts are considered as nutraceutical products with potentialities towards obesity and comorbidities management. Nevertheless, propolis extracts composition is highly variable and depends on the botanic origin of plants used by the bees to produce propolis. This study aims to evaluate the differential effect of poplar propolis extract powder (PPEP), Baccharis propolis extract powder (BPEP), and/ or Dalbergia propolis extract powder (DPEP) on obesity and glucose homeostasis in high-fat-fed mice. PPEP supplementation reduced high-fat (HF)-mediated body weight gain, adiposity index, and improved glucose homeostasis in male C57Bl/6J mice that were submitted to a high-fat diet for 12 weeks, whereas BPEP, DPEP, or a mix of the three PEPs did not modify those parameters. Adipose tissue (AT) gene expression profiling highlighted an induction of mRNA related to lipid catabolism and an inhibition of mRNA coding for inflammatory markers. Several Nrf2 target genes, coding for antioxidant enzymes, were induced in AT under PPEP effect, but not by other PEP. Interestingly, representative PPEP polyphenols mediated the induction of Nrf2 target genes cell-autonomously in adipocytes, suggesting that this induction may be related to the specific polyphenol content of PPEP. Whereas PPEP supplementation has demonstrated a clear potential to blunt the onset of obesity and associated comorbidities, other PEPs (from Baccharis and Dalbergia) were inefficient to support their role in preventive nutrition.
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30
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Zou Y, Hu L, Zou W, Li H. Association of Low Leptin with Poor 3-Month Prognosis in Ischemic Stroke Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Clin Interv Aging 2020; 15:2353-2361. [PMID: 33328729 PMCID: PMC7734075 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s279535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leptin, an adipokine, has effects on the cardiovascular system with both protective and harmful role. This study aimed to assess the relationship between leptin and 3-month prognosis in ischemic stroke patients with type 2 diabetes. Patients and Methods As a prospective single-center observational study, we collected consecutive first-ever acute ischemia stroke with type 2 diabetes mellitus from February 2019 to February 2020. Serum samples were obtained at admission, and leptin serum levels were tested by the ELISA method. Logistic regression models were used to assess leptin's prognostic value to predict the functional outcome and mortality within three months. Results Finally, two hundred and eleven patients were included, and the mean leptin serum level was 16.8 (SD. 6.9) ng/mL. At admission, 53.6% of those included patients (N=113) were defined as severe stroke (NIH Stroke Scale [NIHSS]>5). In multivariable models adjusted for other factors, leptin levels<11.6ng/mL (lowest quartile, Q1) related to severe stroke and the risk increased 175% (odds ratios [OR] =2.75; 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.13-3.38; P=0.002). Serum leptin levels on admission in patients with poor outcomes and nonsurvivors were significantly reduced (P<0.001 and P<0.001). Leptin levels <11.6ng/mL (lowest quartile, Q1) related to a higher risk of poor functional impairment (OR=5.13; 95% CI =3.25-6.86; P<0.001) and mortality (OR=3.19; 95% CI =2.03-4.25; P<0.001). Conclusion The data shows that leptin serum level is a useful prognostic biomarker in ischemic stroke patients with type 2 diabetes, and this relationship is negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Zou
- General Surgery, Nanchang Third Hospital, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglin Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
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31
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Abd Alkhaleq H, Kornowski R, Waldman M, Levy E, Zemel R, Nudelman V, Shainberg A, Miskin R, Hochhauser E. Leptin modulates gene expression in the heart and cardiomyocytes towards mitigating ischemia-induced damage. Exp Cell Res 2020; 397:112373. [PMID: 33189721 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Leptin, an adipocyte-derived satiety hormone, has been previously linked to cardioprotection. We have shown before that leptin conferred resistance to ischemic damage in the heart in long-lived transgenic αMUPA mice overexpressing leptin compared to the wild type (WT) FVB/N control mice. To better understand the contribution of leptin to the ischemic heart, we measured here the expression of genes encoding leptin and ischemia-related proteins in αMUPA and WT mice in the heart vs adipose tissue after MI. In addition, we investigated gene expression in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes under hypoxia in the absence and presence of exogenously added leptin or a leptin antagonist. We used real time RT-PCR and ELISA or Western blot assays to measure, respectively, mRNA and protein levels. The results have shown that circulating leptin levels and mRNA levels of leptin and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the heart were elevated in both mouse genotypes after 24 h myocardial infarction (MI), reaching higher values in αMUPA mice. In contrast, leptin gene expression in the adipose tissue was significantly increased only in WT mice, but reaching lower levels compared to the heart. Expression of the proinflammatory genes encoding TNFα and IL-1β was also largely increased after MI in the heart in both mouse types, however reaching considerably lower levels in αMUPA mice indicating a mitigated inflammatory state. In cardiomyocytes, mRNA levels of all aforementioned genes as well as HIF-1α and SOD2 genes were elevated after hypoxia. Pretreatment with exogenous leptin largely reduced the mRNA levels of TNFα and IL-1β after hypoxia, while enhancing expression of all other genes and reducing ROS levels. Pretreating the cells with a leptin antagonist increased solely the levels of leptin mRNA, suggesting a negative regulation of the hormone on the expression of its own gene. Overall, the results have shown that leptin affects expression of genes in cardiomyocytes under hypoxia in a manner that could mitigate inflammation and oxidative stress, suggesting a similar influence by endogenous leptin in αMUPA mice. Furthermore, leptin is likely to function in the ischemic murine heart more effectively in an autocrine compared to paracrine manner. These results suggest that leptin can reduce ischemic damage by modulating gene expression in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Abd Alkhaleq
- Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center Petah Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ran Kornowski
- Cardiology Dept, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Maayan Waldman
- Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center Petah Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ester Levy
- Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center Petah Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Romy Zemel
- Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center Petah Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Vadim Nudelman
- Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center Petah Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Asher Shainberg
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ruth Miskin
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Edith Hochhauser
- Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center Petah Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Zheng J, Ding J, Liao M, Qiu Z, Yuan Q, Mai W, Dai Y, Zhang H, Wu H, Wang Y, Liao Y, Chen X, Cheng X. Immunotherapy against angiotensin II receptor ameliorated insulin resistance in a leptin receptor-dependent manner. FASEB J 2020; 35:e21157. [PMID: 33155736 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000300r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) signaling pathway is reported to modulate glucose metabolism. Targeting AT1R, our group invented ATRQβ-001 vaccine, a novel immunotherapeutic strategy to block the activation of AT1R. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of ATRQβ-001 vaccine in insulin resistance, and investigated the mechanism. Our results showed that ATRQβ-001 vaccine and specific monoclonal antibody against epitope ATR-001 (McAb-ATR) decreased fasting serum insulin concentration and improved glucose and insulin tolerance in ob/ob mice. These beneficial effects were verified in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. McAb-ATR activated insulin signaling in skeletal muscle and insulin-resistant C2C12 myotubes without affecting liver or white adipose tissue of ob/ob mice. Mechanistically, the favorable impact of McAb-ATR on insulin resistance was abolished in db/db mice and in C2C12 myotubes with leptin receptor knockdown. AT1R knockdown also eradicated the effects of McAb-ATR in C2C12 myotubes. Furthermore, McAb-ATR treatment was able to activate the leptin receptor-mediated JAK2/STAT3 signaling in skeletal muscle of ob/ob mice and C2C12 myotubes. Additionally, angiotensin II downregulated the leptin signaling in skeletal muscle of ob/ob and diet-induced obese mice. We demonstrated that ATRQβ-001 vaccine and McAb-ATR improved whole-body insulin resistance and regulated glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle in a leptin receptor-dependent manner. Our data suggest that immunotherapy targeting AT1R is a novel strategy for treating insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaxing Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengyang Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihua Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingchen Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wuqian Mai
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongrong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hailang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingxuan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhua Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Huang KP, Raybould HE. Estrogen and gut satiety hormones in vagus-hindbrain axis. Peptides 2020; 133:170389. [PMID: 32860834 PMCID: PMC8461656 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens modulate different physiological functions, including reproduction, inflammation, bone formation, energy expenditure, and food intake. In this review, we highlight the effect of estrogens on food intake regulation and the latest literature on intracellular estrogen signaling. In addition, gut satiety hormones, such as cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide 1 and leptin are essential to regulate ingestive behaviors in the postprandial period. These peripheral signals are sensed by vagal afferent terminals in the gut wall and transmitted to the hindbrain axis. Here we 1. review the role of the vagus-hindbrain axis in response to gut satiety signals and 2. consider the potential synergistic effects of estrogens on gut satiety signals at the level of vagal afferent neurons and nuclei located in the hindbrain. Understanding the action of estrogens in gut-brain axis provides a potential strategy to develop estrogen-based therapies for metabolic diseases and emphasizes the importance of sex difference in the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuei-Pin Huang
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, CA, United States
| | - Helen E Raybould
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, CA, United States.
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Metformin alleviates hyperuricaemia-induced serum FFA elevation and insulin resistance by inhibiting adipocyte hypertrophy and reversing suppressed white adipose tissue beiging. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1537-1553. [PMID: 32556103 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hyperuricaemia (HUA) significantly increases the risk of metabolic syndrome and is strongly associated with the increased prevalence of high serum free fatty acids (FFAs) and insulin resistance. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well established, especially the effect of uric acid (UA) on adipose tissue, a vital organ in regulating whole-body energy and FFA homeostasis. In the present study, we noticed that adipocytes from the white adipose tissue of patients with HUA were hypertrophied and had decreased UCP1 expression. To test the effects of UA on adipose tissue, we built both in vitro and in vivo HUA models and elucidated that a high level of UA could induce hypertrophy of adipocytes, inhibit their hyperplasia and reduce their beige-like characteristics. According to mRNA-sequencing analysis, UA significantly decreased the expression of leptin in adipocytes, which was closely related to fatty acid metabolism and the AMPK signalling pathway, as indicated by KEGG pathway analysis. Moreover, lowering UA using benzbromarone (a uricosuric agent) or metformin-induced activation of AMPK expression significantly attenuated UA-induced FFA metabolism impairment and adipose beiging suppression, which subsequently alleviated serum FFA elevation and insulin resistance in HUA mice. Taken together, these observations confirm that UA is involved in the aetiology of metabolic abnormalities in adipose tissue by regulating leptin-AMPK pathway, and metformin could lessen HUA-induced serum FFA elevation and insulin resistance by improving adipose tissue function via AMPK activation. Therefore, metformin could represent a novel treatment strategy for HUA-related metabolic disorders.
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35
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Hristov M, Landzhov B, Yakimova K. Cafeteria diet-induced obesity reduces leptin-stimulated NADPH-diaphorase reactivity in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus of rats. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151616. [PMID: 33066838 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Leptin is an adipokine that plays an important role in the regulation of energy homeostasis. The failure of endogenous and exogenous leptin to mediate its effects (for example, at suppressing appetite and decreasing body weight) has been termed leptin resistance. Hyperleptinemia and leptin resistance can be well demonstrated in animals in which obesity is induced by consumption of a palatable, high-calorie diet (e.g., cafeteria diet-induced obesity). Since leptin receptor signaling is known to be impaired in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) of obese rodents, we investigated the effect of leptin on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) reactivity in the ARC of male Wistar rats with cafeteria diet-induced obesity. Our results have shown that after intraperitoneal administration of leptin, the number of NADPH-d positive neurons in the ARC was significantly lower in obese rats compared with that observed in normal weight rats. Additionally, we have found that leptin-induced NADPH-d staining in ARC neurons and the adjacent ependyma was decreased in obese rats. The results presented here suggest that the ability of leptin to activate nitric oxide synthase in neurons within the ARC as well as tanycytes and ependymal cells of the third ventricle is reduced in rats made obese by a cafeteria diet. We speculate that impairment in leptin-induced NO production presents a potential mechanism, involved in the pathogenesis of obesity and obesity-related disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milen Hristov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 2 "Zdrave" St., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Boycho Landzhov
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 2 "Zdrave" St., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Krassimira Yakimova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 2 "Zdrave" St., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
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36
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Fu Y, Kaneko K, Lin HY, Mo Q, Xu Y, Suganami T, Ravn P, Fukuda M. Gut Hormone GIP Induces Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in the Hypothalamus. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5865317. [PMID: 32603429 PMCID: PMC7410368 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamus plays a critical role in controlling energy balance. High-fat diet (HFD) feeding increases the gene expression of proinflammatory mediators and decreases insulin actions in the hypothalamus. Here, we show that a gut-derived hormone, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), whose levels are elevated during diet-induced obesity, promotes and mediates hypothalamic inflammation and insulin resistance during HFD-induced obesity. Unbiased ribonucleic acid sequencing of GIP-stimulated hypothalami revealed that hypothalamic pathways most affected by intracerebroventricular (ICV) GIP stimulation were related to inflammatory-related responses. Subsequent analysis demonstrated that GIP administered either peripherally or centrally, increased proinflammatory-related factors such as Il-6 and Socs3 in the hypothalamus, but not in the cortex of C57BL/6J male mice. Consistently, hypothalamic activation of IκB kinase-β inflammatory signaling was induced by ICV GIP. Further, hypothalamic levels of proinflammatory cytokines and Socs3 were significantly reduced by an antagonistic GIP receptor (GIPR) antibody and by GIPR deficiency. Additionally, centrally administered GIP reduced anorectic actions of insulin in the brain and diminished insulin-induced phosphorylation of Protein kinase B and Glycogen synthase kinase 3β in the hypothalamus. Collectively, these findings reveal a previously unrecognized role for brain GIP signaling in diet-induced inflammation and insulin resistance in the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Fu
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kaneko
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Hsiao-Yun Lin
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Qianxing Mo
- Dan L Duncan Cancer Center and Center for Cell Gene & Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Present address: Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - Yong Xu
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Takayoshi Suganami
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Peter Ravn
- AstraZeneca, R&D BioPharmaceuticals Unit, Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, Cambridge, UK
| | - Makoto Fukuda
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Correspondence: Makoto Fukuda, Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. E-mail:
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Barbosa MA, Barbosa CM, Lima TC, dos Santos RAS, Alzamora AC. The Novel Angiotensin-(1-7) Analog, A-1317, Improves Insulin Resistance by Restoring Pancreatic β-Cell Functionality in Rats With Metabolic Syndrome. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1263. [PMID: 32982727 PMCID: PMC7476374 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In previous studies we have shown that oral Ang-(1-7) has a beneficial therapeutic effect on cardiometabolic disturbances present in metabolic syndrome (MetS). Based on the fact that Ang-(1-7) acts through release of nitric oxide (NO), a new peptide, A-1317 was engineered adding the amino acid L-Arginine, the NO precursor, to the N-terminal portion of the Ang-(1-7). Therefore, in a single molecule the substrate and the activator of NO are combined. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of A-1317 oral treatment on liver-glucose metabolism in MetS induced by high fat (HF) diet in rats. Rats were subjected to control (AIN-93M, CT) or HF diets for 15 weeks to induce MetS and treated with A-1317, Ang-(1-7) included into hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) or empty HPβCD (E), in the last 7 weeks. At the end of 15 weeks, hemodynamic, biometric, and biochemical parameters, redox process, and qRT-PCR gene expression of NO synthase and RAS components were evaluated in the liver. HF/E rats increased body mass gain, adiposity index, despite the reduction in food intake, increased plasma leptin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, ALT, fasting blood glucose, OGTT and insulin, HOMA-IR and MAP and HR. Furthermore, the MetS rats presented increased in liver angiotensinogen, AT1R, ACE mRNA gene expression and concentration of MDA and carbonylated protein. Both Ang-(1-7) and A-1317 oral treatment in MetS rats reverted most of these alterations. However, A-1317 was more efficient in reducing body mass gain, ALT, AST, total cholesterol, insulin, fasting blood glucose, ameliorating β cell capacity by increasing HOMA-β and QUICKI, whereas Ang-(1-7) reduced HOMA-β and QUICKI. In addition, Ang-(1-7) increased Mas and AKT liver mRNA gene expression, while A-1317 increased both Mas and MRGD and AMPK liver mRNA gene expression, suggesting a distinct pathway of action of Ang-(1-7) and A-1317 in MetS rats. Taken together, our data showed that treatment with A-1317 was able to ameliorate MetS disorders and suggested that this effect was mainly via MRGD via activation of AMPK and increasing β cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Andréa Barbosa
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Claudiane Maria Barbosa
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Taynara Carolina Lima
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Andréia Carvalho Alzamora
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Ouro Preto, Brazil
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Cardinault N, Tourniaire F, Astier J, Couturier C, Perrin E, Dalifard J, Seipelt E, Mounien L, Letullier C, Bonnet L, Karkeni E, Delbah N, Georgé S, Landrier JF. Poplar Propolis Ethanolic Extract Reduces Body Weight Gain and Glucose Metabolism Disruption in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000275. [PMID: 32729164 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Current evidence supports the beneficial effect of polyphenols on the management of obesity and associated comorbidities. This is the case for propolis, a polyphenol-rich substance produced by bees. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of a poplar propolis ethanolic extract (PPEE) on obesity and glucose homeostasis, and to unveil its putative molecular mechanisms of action. METHODS AND RESULTS Male high-fat (HF) diet-fed mice are administered PPEE for 12 weeks. PPEE supplementation reduces the HF-mediated adiposity index, adipocyte hypertrophy, and body weight gain. It also improves HOMA-IR and fasting glucose levels. Gene expression profiling of adipose tissue (AT) shows an induction of mRNA related to lipid catabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis and inhibition of mRNA coding for inflammatory markers. Interestingly, several Nrf2-target genes are induced in AT following administration of PPEE. The ability of PPEE to induce the expression of Nrf2-target genes is studied in adipocytes. PPEE is found to transactivate the Nrf2 response element and the Nrf2 DNA-binding, suggesting that part of the effect of PPEE can be mediated by Nrf2. CONCLUSION PPEE supplementation may represent an interesting preventive strategy to tackle the onset of obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Franck Tourniaire
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France.,CriBioM, Criblage Biologique Marseille, Faculté de Médecine de la Timone, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France
| | - Julien Astier
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France
| | - Charlène Couturier
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France
| | - Estelle Perrin
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France
| | - Julie Dalifard
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France
| | - Eva Seipelt
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France
| | - Lourdes Mounien
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France
| | - Claire Letullier
- Pollenergie, La Grabère, Saint Hilaire de Lusignan, 47450, France
| | - Lauriane Bonnet
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France
| | - Esma Karkeni
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France
| | - Naïma Delbah
- CTCPA, 449 Avenue Clément Ader, Avignon, 84911, France
| | | | - Jean-François Landrier
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France.,CriBioM, Criblage Biologique Marseille, Faculté de Médecine de la Timone, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, cedex 5 13385, France
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39
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Tao P, Kuang Y, Li Y, Li W, Gao Z, Liu L, Qiang M, Zha Z, Fan K, Ma P, Friedman JM, Yang G, Lerner RA. Selection of a Full Agonist Combinatorial Antibody that Rescues Leptin Deficiency In Vivo. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2000818. [PMID: 32832353 PMCID: PMC7435230 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Growth factor deficiency in adulthood constitutes a distinct clinical syndrome with significant morbidities including abnormal body composition, reduced energy, affective disturbances, dyslipidemia, and increased cardiovascular risk. Protein replacement therapies using recombinant proteins or enzymes represent the only approved treatment. Combinatorial antibodies have shown great promise as a new class of therapeutic molecules because they act as "mechanism-based antibodies" with both agonist and antagonist activities. Using leptin, a key hormone in energy metabolism, as an example, a function-guided approach is developed to select combinatorial antibodies with high potency and full agonist activity that substitute natural growth factors in vivo. The identified antibody shows identical biochemical properties and cellular profiles as leptin, and rescues leptin-deficiency in ob/ob mice. Remarkably, the antibody activates leptin receptors that are otherwise nonfunctional because of mutations (L372A and A409E). Combinatorial antibodies have significant advantages over recombinant proteins for chronical usage in terms of immunological tolerance and biological stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingdong Tao
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
- School of Life Science and Technology
ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yuanyuan Kuang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
- School of Life Science and Technology
ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yu Li
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
- School of Life Science and Technology
ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Wenping Li
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
- School of Life Science and Technology
ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Zibei Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology
ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
| | - Lili Liu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
| | - Min Qiang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
| | - Zhao Zha
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
| | - Kun Fan
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
- School of Life Science and Technology
ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Peixiang Ma
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
| | - Jeffrey M. Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular GeneticsHoward Hughes Medical InstituteThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkNY10065USA
| | - Guang Yang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
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Targeting perivascular and epicardial adipose tissue inflammation: therapeutic opportunities for cardiovascular disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:827-851. [PMID: 32271386 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Major shifts in human lifestyle and dietary habits toward sedentary behavior and refined food intake triggered steep increase in the incidence of metabolic disorders including obesity and Type 2 diabetes. Patients with metabolic disease are at a high risk of cardiovascular complications ranging from microvascular dysfunction to cardiometabolic syndromes including heart failure. Despite significant advances in the standards of care for obese and diabetic patients, current therapeutic approaches are not always successful in averting the accompanying cardiovascular deterioration. There is a strong relationship between adipose inflammation seen in metabolic disorders and detrimental changes in cardiovascular structure and function. The particular importance of epicardial and perivascular adipose pools emerged as main modulators of the physiology or pathology of heart and blood vessels. Here, we review the peculiarities of these two fat depots in terms of their origin, function, and pathological changes during metabolic deterioration. We highlight the rationale for pharmacological targeting of the perivascular and epicardial adipose tissue or associated signaling pathways as potential disease modifying approaches in cardiometabolic syndromes.
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Li X, Shi W, Xiong Q, Hu Y, Qin X, Wan G, Zeng Q. Leptin improves intestinal flora dysfunction in mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520920062. [PMID: 32529880 PMCID: PMC7294385 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520920062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of leptin on intestinal flora and inflammation in mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. METHODS Mice were fed an HFD for 8 weeks; some were concurrently administered oral leptin for 4 weeks. Pathological changes in adipose tissue were detected using hematoxylin-eosin staining; endotoxin content in adipose tissue was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Intestinal flora were characterized by 16S bacterial rDNA sequencing. Levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor-κB inhibitor α (IκB-α), and phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK) were detected by western blotting. RESULTS Mice in the HFD group exhibited weight gain, elevated endotoxin content, and adipocyte hypertrophy, compared with the non-obese control group. Moreover, abundance of bacteria in the Bacteroides genus and community diversity were both reduced in the HFD group; reductions also were observed at corresponding phylum, class, and order levels. Levels of TLR4, IκB-α, and p-JNK were also elevated in the HFD group. Compared with the model group, leptin administration reduced the weight gain and endotoxin content, while increasing Bacteroides abundance and community diversity; it also reduced the levels of TLR4, IκB-α, and p-JNK. CONCLUSION Leptin administration improved intestinal flora dysfunction and inflammation in mice with HFD-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Li
- Department of Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, People’s Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Weihong Shi
- Department of Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, People’s Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qinghua Xiong
- Department of Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, People’s Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yungang Hu
- Department of Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, People’s Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xu Qin
- Department of Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, People’s Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Guanqun Wan
- Department of Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, People’s Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qi Zeng
- Department of Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, People’s Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Banerjee A, Singh J. Remodeling adipose tissue inflammasome for type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment: Current perspective and translational strategies. Bioeng Transl Med 2020; 5:e10150. [PMID: 32440558 PMCID: PMC7237149 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-associated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by low-grade chronic systemic inflammation that arises primarily from the white adipose tissue. The interplay between various adipose tissue-derived chemokines drives insulin resistance in T2DM and has therefore become a subject of rigorous investigation. The adipocytokines strongly associated with glucose homeostasis include tumor necrosis factor-α, various interleukins, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, adiponectin, and leptin, among others. Remodeling the adipose tissue inflammasome in obesity-associated T2DM is likely to treat the underlying cause of the disease and bring significant therapeutic benefit. Various strategies have been adopted or are being investigated to modulate the serum/tissue levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory adipocytokines to improve glucose homeostasis in T2DM. These include use of small molecule agonists/inhibitors, mimetics, antibodies, gene therapy, and other novel formulations. Here, we discuss adipocytokines that are strongly associated with insulin activity and therapies that are under investigation for modulation of their levels in the treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoNorth Dakota
| | - Jagdish Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoNorth Dakota
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Papukashvili D, Rcheulishvili N, Deng Y. Beneficial Impact of Semicarbazide-Sensitive Amine Oxidase Inhibition on the Potential Cytotoxicity of Creatine Supplementation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092029. [PMID: 32349282 PMCID: PMC7248702 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Creatine supplementation of the population with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with an exercise program is known to be a possible therapy adjuvant with hypoglycemic effects. However, excessive administration of creatine leads to the production of methylamine which is deaminated by the enzyme semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) and as a result, cytotoxic compounds are produced. SSAO activity and reaction products are increased in the serum of T2DM patients. Creatine supplementation by diabetics will further augment the activity of SSAO. The current review aims to find a feasible way to ameliorate T2DM for patients who exercise and desire to consume creatine. Several natural agents present in food which are involved in the regulation of SSAO activity directly or indirectly are reviewed. Particularly, zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), histamine/histidine, caffeine, iron (Fe), and vitamin D are discussed. Inhibiting SSAO activity by natural agents might reduce the potential adverse effects of creatine metabolism in population of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Papukashvili
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (D.P.); (N.R.)
| | - Nino Rcheulishvili
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (D.P.); (N.R.)
| | - Yulin Deng
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (D.P.); (N.R.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-10-68914907
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Bidulescu A, Dinh PC, Sarwary S, Forsyth E, Luetke MC, King DB, Liu J, Davis SK, Correa A. Associations of leptin and adiponectin with incident type 2 diabetes and interactions among African Americans: the Jackson heart study. BMC Endocr Disord 2020; 20:31. [PMID: 32131811 PMCID: PMC7057597 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-020-0511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence suggests that leptin is critical for glycemic control. Impaired leptin signaling may also contribute to low adiponectin expression in obese individuals. We assessed the association of leptin and adiponectin with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D), their interactions with sex and obesity status, and mediation by insulin resistance. METHODS We included study participants from the Jackson Heart Study, a prospective cohort of adult African Americans in Jackson, Mississippi, that were free of T2D at the baseline Exam 1. Incident T2D was defined as new cases at Exam 2 or Exam 3. We created separate Cox regression models (hazard ratios per log-transformed ng/mL of leptin and adiponectin) with and without insulin resistance, HOMA-IR. Mediation by insulin resistance was analyzed. Several interactions were assessed, including by sex, HbA1c, and obesity. RESULTS Among our 3363 participants (mean age 53 years, 63% women), 584 developed incident T2D. Leptin was directly associated with incident T2D when modeled without HOMA-IR (HR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.05-1.58). This direct association between leptin and T2D was significant among men (HR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.05-1.69), but nonsignificant among women (HR = 1.24, 95% CI = 0.94-1.64); statistical interaction with sex was nonsignificant (p = 0.65). The associations in all participants and in men were nullified by HOMA-IR (HR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.80-1.22; HR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.78-1.28, respectively), indicating mediation through insulin resistance (proportion mediated: 1.04), and were not observed in abdominally obese participants. Adiponectin was inversely associated with T2D even after adjustment for HOMA-IR in women (HR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.55-0.84), but not in men (HR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.62-1.04). The inverse association was present only among abdominally obese participants, and persisted after adjustment for HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS Among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study the association of leptin with incident type 2 diabetes was mediated by insulin resistance. This association was present only among abdominally non-obese participants. Differences by sex appeared: men showed a significant association mediated by insulin resistance. Among abdominally obese participants, adiponectin was inversely associated with incident T2D even after adjustment for HOMA-IR. Our results should inform future clinical trials that aim to reduce the burden of type 2 diabetes through the modification of serum levels of leptin and adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelian Bidulescu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, 1025 E. 7th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
| | - Paul C Dinh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, 1025 E. 7th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Shabir Sarwary
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, 1025 E. 7th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Emily Forsyth
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, 1025 E. 7th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Maya C Luetke
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, 1025 E. 7th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - David B King
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Sharon K Davis
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Genomics of Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Branch, Social Epidemiology Research Unit, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Jackson Heart Study at University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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Mediation Analysis Supports a Causal Relationship between Maternal Hyperglycemia and Placental DNA Methylation Variations at the Leptin Gene Locus and Cord Blood Leptin Levels. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21010329. [PMID: 31947745 PMCID: PMC6982090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in fetal DNA methylation (DNAm) of the leptin (LEP) gene have been associated with exposure to maternal hyperglycemia, but their links with childhood obesity risk are still unclear. We investigated the association between maternal hyperglycemia, placental LEP DNAm (25 5′-C-phosphate-G-3′ (CpG) sites), neonatal leptinemia, and adiposity (i.e., BMI and skinfold thickness (ST) (subscapular (SS) + triceps (TR) skinfold measures, and the ratio of SS:TR) at 3-years-old, in 259 mother–child dyads, from Gen3G birth cohort. We conducted multivariate linear analyses adjusted for gestational age at birth, sex of the child, age at follow-up, and cellular heterogeneity. We assessed the causal role of DNAm in the association between maternal glycemia and childhood outcomes, using mediation analysis. We found three CpGs associated with neonatal leptinemia (p ≤ 0.002). Of these, cg05136031 and cg15758240 were also associated with BMI (β = −2.69, p = 0.05) and fat distribution (β = −0.581, p = 0.05) at 3-years-old, respectively. Maternal glycemia was associated with DNAm at cg15758240 (β = −0.01, p = 0.04) and neonatal leptinemia (β = 0.19, p = 0.004). DNAm levels at cg15758240 mediates 0.8% of the association between maternal glycemia and neonatal leptinemia (p < 0.001). Our results support that DNAm regulation of the leptin pathway in response to maternal glycemia might be involved in programming adiposity in childhood.
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Li H, Yang Y, Hong W, Huang M, Wu M, Zhao X. Applications of genome editing technology in the targeted therapy of human diseases: mechanisms, advances and prospects. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:1. [PMID: 32296011 PMCID: PMC6946647 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-019-0089-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 874] [Impact Index Per Article: 218.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on engineered or bacterial nucleases, the development of genome editing technologies has opened up the possibility of directly targeting and modifying genomic sequences in almost all eukaryotic cells. Genome editing has extended our ability to elucidate the contribution of genetics to disease by promoting the creation of more accurate cellular and animal models of pathological processes and has begun to show extraordinary potential in a variety of fields, ranging from basic research to applied biotechnology and biomedical research. Recent progress in developing programmable nucleases, such as zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas-associated nucleases, has greatly expedited the progress of gene editing from concept to clinical practice. Here, we review recent advances of the three major genome editing technologies (ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas9) and discuss the applications of their derivative reagents as gene editing tools in various human diseases and potential future therapies, focusing on eukaryotic cells and animal models. Finally, we provide an overview of the clinical trials applying genome editing platforms for disease treatment and some of the challenges in the implementation of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Weiqi Hong
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Mengyuan Huang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA.
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.
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Salazar J, Chávez-Castillo M, Rojas J, Ortega A, Nava M, Pérez J, Rojas M, Espinoza C, Chacin M, Herazo Y, Angarita L, Rojas DM, D'Marco L, Bermudez V. Is "Leptin Resistance" Another Key Resistance to Manage Type 2 Diabetes? Curr Diabetes Rev 2020; 16:733-749. [PMID: 31886750 DOI: 10.2174/1573399816666191230111838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although novel pharmacological options for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) have been observed to modulate the functionality of several key organs in glucose homeostasis, successful regulation of insulin resistance (IR), body weight management, and pharmacological treatment of obesity remain notable problems in endocrinology. Leptin may be a pivotal player in this scenario, as an adipokine which centrally regulates appetite and energy balance. In obesity, excessive caloric intake promotes a low-grade inflammatory response, which leads to dysregulations in lipid storage and adipokine secretion. In turn, these entail alterations in leptin sensitivity, leptin transport across the blood-brain barrier and defects in post-receptor signaling. Furthermore, hypothalamic inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress may increase the expression of molecules which may disrupt leptin signaling. Abundant evidence has linked obesity and leptin resistance, which may precede or occur simultaneously to IR and DM2. Thus, leptin sensitivity may be a potential early therapeutic target that demands further preclinical and clinical research. Modulators of insulin sensitivity have been tested in animal models and small clinical trials with promising results, especially in combination with agents such as amylin and GLP-1 analogs, in particular, due to their central activity in the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Salazar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, The University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Mervin Chávez-Castillo
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, The University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Joselyn Rojas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Angel Ortega
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, The University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Manuel Nava
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, The University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - José Pérez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, The University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Milagros Rojas
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, The University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | | | - Maricarmen Chacin
- Universidad Simon Bolivar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Yaneth Herazo
- Universidad Simon Bolivar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Lissé Angarita
- Escuela de Nutricion y Dietetica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Sede Concepcion, Chile
| | - Diana Marcela Rojas
- Escuela de Nutricion y Dietética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis D'Marco
- Hospital Clinico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Servicio de Nefrologia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Valmore Bermudez
- Universidad Simon Bolivar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla, Colombia
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Abstract
Neuroimmunology and immunometabolism are burgeoning topics of study, but the intersection of these two fields is scarcely considered. This interplay is particularly prevalent within adipose tissue, where immune cells and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) have an important role in metabolic homeostasis and pathology, namely in obesity. In the present Review, we first outline the established reciprocal adipose-SNS relationship comprising the neuroendocrine loop facilitated primarily by adipose tissue-derived leptin and SNS-derived noradrenaline. Next, we review the extensive crosstalk between adipocytes and resident innate immune cells as well as the changes that occur in these secretory and signalling pathways in obesity. Finally, we discuss the effect of SNS adrenergic signalling in immune cells and conclude with exciting new research demonstrating an immutable role for SNS-resident macrophages in modulating SNS-adipose crosstalk. We posit that the latter point constitutes the existence of a new field - neuroimmunometabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea M Larabee
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Oliver C Neely
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Ana I Domingos
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), New York, NY, USA.
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Yamamoto A, Kusakabe T, Sato K, Tokizaki T, Sakurai K, Abe S. Seipin-linked congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 2: a rare case with multiple lytic and pseudo-osteopoikilosis lesions. Acta Radiol Open 2019; 8:2058460119892407. [PMID: 31853371 PMCID: PMC6906354 DOI: 10.1177/2058460119892407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL), or Berardinelli-Seip syndrome (BSCL), is a part of lipodystrophic syndromes that constitute a heterogeneous group of genetic or acquired generalized or partial body fat loss disorders. It is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by a near-absence of adipose tissue from birth or early infancy and severe insulin resistance. CGL is classified as type 1-4, depending on the gene involved, and bone lytic lesion is found frequently in type 1 especially in long bones, but reported to be rare in type 2. Here we report an active lifestyle 25-year-old woman with type 2 CGL showing multiple bone lytic and pseudo-osteopoikilosis lesions in hands and feet. Radiograph bone survey showed no apparent abnormality in pelvic bone or axial skeletons. Bone marrow was completely absent and extra-skeletal general fat loss was also evident in whole-body magnetic resonance imaging sparing the orbital, axial, sole, and palmar regions. Radiographic bone survey is important even for type 2 CGL to find the change of bones to provide direction of preventing excessive overload or activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Yamamoto
- Department of Radiology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Kusakabe
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Sato
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Tokizaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keita Sakurai
- Department of Radiology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Abe
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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50
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Horie T, Park G, Inaba Y, Hashiuchi E, Iezaki T, Tokumura K, Fukasawa K, Yamada T, Hiraiwa M, Kitaguchi Y, Kamada H, Kaneda K, Tanaka T, Inoue H, Hinoi E. MAPK Erk5 in Leptin Receptor‒Expressing Neurons Controls Body Weight and Systemic Energy Homeostasis in Female Mice. Endocrinology 2019; 160:2837-2848. [PMID: 31555819 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (Erk5), a member of the MAPK family, is specifically phosphorylated and activated by MAPK/Erk kinase-5. Although it has been implicated in odor discrimination and long-term memory via its expression in the central nervous system, little is known regarding the physiological importance of neuronal Erk5 in body weight and energy homeostasis. In the current study, systemic insulin injection significantly induced phosphorylation of Erk5 in the hypothalamus. Moreover, Erk5 deficiency in leptin receptor (LepR)‒expressing neurons led to an obesity phenotype, with increased white adipose tissue mass due to increased adipocyte size, only in female mice fed a normal chow diet. Furthermore, Erk5 deficiency in LepR-expressing neurons showed impaired glucose tolerance along with decreased physical activity, food intake, and energy expenditure. These results suggest that Erk5 controls body weight and systemic energy homeostasis probably via its expression in hypothalamic neurons in female mice, thereby providing a target for metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Horie
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Bioactive Molecules, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Gyujin Park
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Bioactive Molecules, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuka Inaba
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Emi Hashiuchi
- Department of Physiology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Iezaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Venture Business Laboratory, Organization of Frontier Science and Innovation, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuya Tokumura
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuya Fukasawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Bioactive Molecules, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takanori Yamada
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Bioactive Molecules, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Manami Hiraiwa
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Bioactive Molecules, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuka Kitaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Bioactive Molecules, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hikari Kamada
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Kaneda
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inoue
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Department of Physiology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Eiichi Hinoi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Bioactive Molecules, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
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