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Zhong C, Li N, Wang S, Li D, Yang Z, Du L, Huang G, Li H, Yeung WS, He S, Ma S, Wang Z, Jiang H, Zhang H, Li Z, Wen X, Xue S, Tao X, Li H, Xie D, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Wang J, Yan J, Liang Z, Zhang Z, Zhong Z, Wu Z, Wan C, Liang C, Wang L, Yu S, Ma Y, Yu Y, Li F, Chen Y, Zhang B, Lyu A, Ren F, Zhou H, Liu J, Zhang G. Targeting osteoblastic 11β-HSD1 to combat high-fat diet-induced bone loss and obesity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8588. [PMID: 39362888 PMCID: PMC11449908 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52965-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive glucocorticoid (GC) action is linked to various metabolic disorders. Recent findings suggest that disrupting skeletal GC signaling prevents bone loss and alleviates metabolic disorders in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice, underpinning the neglected contribution of skeletal GC action to obesity and related bone loss. Here, we show that the elevated expression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1), the enzyme driving local GC activation, and GC signaling in osteoblasts, are associated with bone loss and obesity in HFD-fed male mice. Osteoblast-specific 11β-HSD1 knockout male mice exhibit resistance to HFD-induced bone loss and metabolic disorders. Mechanistically, elevated 11β-HSD1 restrains glucose uptake and osteogenic activity in osteoblast. Pharmacologically inhibiting osteoblastic 11β-HSD1 by using bone-targeted 11β-HSD1 inhibitor markedly promotes bone formation, ameliorates glucose handling and mitigated obesity in HFD-fed male mice. Taken together, our study demonstrates that osteoblastic 11β-HSD1 directly contributes to HFD-induced bone loss, glucose handling impairment and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxin Zhong
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Systems Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nanxi Li
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Systems Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shengzheng Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dijie Li
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Gui Lin, China
| | - Zhihua Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Du
- Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Guangxin Huang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitian Li
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing Sze Yeung
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shan He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuting Ma
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhuqian Wang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hewen Jiang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huarui Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhanghao Li
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaoxin Wen
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Song Xue
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohui Tao
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Haorui Li
- Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Duoli Xie
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yihao Zhang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zefeng Chen
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Junqin Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianfeng Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengming Liang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zongkang Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhigang Zhong
- Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zeting Wu
- International Medical Service Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Chao Wan
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Systems Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sifan Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Systems Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fangfei Li
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Systems Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Baoting Zhang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Aiping Lyu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Institute of Systems Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Fuzeng Ren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hong Zhou
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Jin Liu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Institute of Systems Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
| | - Ge Zhang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Research Platform for Aptamer-based Translational Medicine and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Institute of Systems Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Siviero-Miachon AA, Lopes de Sousa AV, Simião BM, Araújo EO, Alvarenga R, Spinola-Castro AM, Longui CA. Glucocorticoid Sensitivity Among Young Survivors of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: What Does It Matter? Horm Metab Res 2024; 56:718-726. [PMID: 39102841 DOI: 10.1055/a-2363-4823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess glucocorticoid sensitivity in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia using in vivo and in vitro tests. Thirty leukemia survivors of both sexes aged ≥18 years participated in the study and at least two years after therapy withdrawal. In vivo tests comprised: a) a very low dose intravenous dexamethasone suppression test for measurement of serum cortisol before, after, and % suppression, compared with 32 age-matched controls; and b) 0.25 mg overnight oral dexamethasone suppression test for assessment of salivary cortisol before, after, and % suppression. In vitro methods comprised: c) glucocorticoid receptor polymorphisms: BcI1-NR3C1 and A3669G; and d) splicing variant of glucocorticoid receptor GR-α mRNA by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, compared with 32 controls. There was a reduction in salivary cortisol, and 73.3% of leukemia survivors showed high sensitivity according to % suppression after oral dexamethasone (p<0.05). Serum cortisol at baseline, after the test, % suppression after intravenous dexamethasone, and the percentage of high sensitivity were reduced in the leukemia group (%F=36.7; p<0.05). The BcI1-NR3C1 and A3669G polymorphisms were present in 11/30 (36.7%) and 5/30 (16.7%) patients, respectively. GR-α mRNA levels were lower in the leukemia group than in the controls (p<0.05). Survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia presented with reduced glucocorticoid sensitivity. Glucocorticoid sensitivity allows individualized treatment to avoid adverse effects and may be involved in cardiovascular disease risk among this particular group of cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Aparecida Siviero-Miachon
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Federal University of Sao Paulo - UNIFESP/EPM, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital of the Support Group for Adolescent and Children with Cancer - GRAACC, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Virgínia Lopes de Sousa
- Pediatric Oncology, Hospital of the Support Group for Adolescent and Children with Cancer - GRAACC, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Moreira Simião
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Federal University of Sao Paulo - UNIFESP/EPM, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisangela Oliveira Araújo
- Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Santa Casa de Sao Paulo - FCM SCSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Alvarenga
- Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Santa Casa de Sao Paulo - FCM SCSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angela Maria Spinola-Castro
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Federal University of Sao Paulo - UNIFESP/EPM, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital of the Support Group for Adolescent and Children with Cancer - GRAACC, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Longui
- Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Santa Casa de Sao Paulo - FCM SCSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Tang X, Liu W, Liang J, Zhu X, Ge X, Fang D, Ling L, Yuan F, Zeng K, Chen Q, Zhang G, Gong L, Zhang S. Triamcinolone Acetonide Protects Against Light-Induced Retinal Degeneration by Activating Anti-Inflammatory STAT6/Arg1 Signaling in Microglia. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-02152-w. [PMID: 39340587 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-02152-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 09/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangcheng Tang
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Eye Institute, JinanUniversity, 18 Zetian Road, Shenzhen, 518040, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Liang
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Eye Institute, JinanUniversity, 18 Zetian Road, Shenzhen, 518040, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingfei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangyu Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong Fang
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Eye Institute, JinanUniversity, 18 Zetian Road, Shenzhen, 518040, Guangdong, China
| | - Lirong Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Fanglan Yuan
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Eye Institute, JinanUniversity, 18 Zetian Road, Shenzhen, 518040, Guangdong, China
| | - Kun Zeng
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Eye Institute, JinanUniversity, 18 Zetian Road, Shenzhen, 518040, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingshan Chen
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Eye Institute, JinanUniversity, 18 Zetian Road, Shenzhen, 518040, Guangdong, China
| | - Guoming Zhang
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Eye Institute, JinanUniversity, 18 Zetian Road, Shenzhen, 518040, Guangdong, China
| | - Lili Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510230, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shaochong Zhang
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Eye Institute, JinanUniversity, 18 Zetian Road, Shenzhen, 518040, Guangdong, China.
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Ming K, Xing B, Ren X, Hu Y, Wei L, Wang Z, Mei M, Weng J, Wei Z. De novo design of mini-binder proteins against IL-2 receptor β chain. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133834. [PMID: 39002899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
IL-2 regulates the immune response by interacting with different IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) subunits. High dose of IL-2 binds to IL-2Rβγc heterodimer, which induce various side effects while activating immune function. Disrupting IL-2 and IL-2R interactions can block IL-2 mediated immune response. Here, we used a computational approach to de novo design mini-binder proteins against IL-2R β chain (IL-2Rβ) to block IL-2 signaling. The hydrophobic region where IL-2 binds to IL-2Rβ was selected and the promising binding mode was broadly explored. Three mini-binders with amino acid numbers ranging from 55 to 65 were obtained and binder 1 showed the best effects in inhibiting CTLL-2 cells proliferation and STAT5 phosphorylation. Molecular dynamics simulation showed that the binding of binder 1 to IL-2Rβ was stable; the free energy of binder1/IL-2Rβ complex was lower, indicating that the affinity of binder 1 to IL-2Rβ was higher than that of IL-2. Free energy decomposition suggested that the ARG35 and ARG131 of IL-2Rβ might be the key to improve the affinity of binder. Our efforts provided new insights in developing of IL-2R blocker, offering a potential strategy for ameliorating the side effects of IL-2 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Banbin Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xinyi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Lin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zhizheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Meng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jun Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
| | - Zigong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, School of life sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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Jamshed L, Jamshed S, Frank RA, Hewitt LM, Thomas PJ, Holloway AC. Assessing Receptor Activation in 2D and 3D Cultured Hepatocytes: Responses to a Single Compound and a Complex Mixture. TOXICS 2024; 12:631. [PMID: 39330559 PMCID: PMC11436198 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12090631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Responding to global standards and legislative updates in Canada, including Bill S-5 (2023), toxicity testing is shifting towards more ethical, in vitro methods. Traditional two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cell cultures, limited in replicating the complex in vivo environment, have prompted the development of more relevant three-dimensional (3D) spheroidal hepatocyte cultures. This study introduces the first 3D spheroid model for McA-RH7777 cells, assessing xenobiotic receptor activation, cellular signaling, and toxicity against dexamethasone and naphthenic acid (NA)-fraction components; NAFCs. Our findings reveal that 3D McA-RH7777 spheroids demonstrate enhanced sensitivity and more uniform dose-response patterns in gene expression related to xenobiotic metabolism (AhR and PPAR) for both single compounds and complex mixtures. Specifically, 3D cultures showed significant gene expression changes upon dexamethasone exposure and exhibited varying degrees of sensitivity and resistance to the apoptotic effects induced by NAFCs, in comparison to 2D cultures. The optimization of 3D culture conditions enhances the model's physiological relevance and enables the identification of genomic signatures under varied exposures. This study highlights the potential of 3D spheroid cultures in providing a more accurate representation of the liver's microenvironment and advancing our understanding of cellular mechanisms in toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiba Jamshed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (L.J.); (S.J.)
| | - Shanza Jamshed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (L.J.); (S.J.)
| | - Richard A. Frank
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada; (R.A.F.); (L.M.H.)
| | - L. Mark Hewitt
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada; (R.A.F.); (L.M.H.)
| | - Philippe J. Thomas
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada;
| | - Alison C. Holloway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (L.J.); (S.J.)
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Agea MI, Čmelo I, Dehaen W, Chen Y, Kirchmair J, Sedlák D, Bartůněk P, Šícho M, Svozil D. Chemical space exploration with Molpher: Generating and assessing a glucocorticoid receptor ligand library. Mol Inform 2024; 43:e202300316. [PMID: 38979783 DOI: 10.1002/minf.202300316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Computational exploration of chemical space is crucial in modern cheminformatics research for accelerating the discovery of new biologically active compounds. In this study, we present a detailed analysis of the chemical library of potential glucocorticoid receptor (GR) ligands generated by the molecular generator, Molpher. To generate the targeted GR library and construct the classification models, structures from the ChEMBL database as well as from the internal IMG library, which was experimentally screened for biological activity in the primary luciferase reporter cell assay, were utilized. The composition of the targeted GR ligand library was compared with a reference library that randomly samples chemical space. A random forest model was used to determine the biological activity of ligands, incorporating its applicability domain using conformal prediction. It was demonstrated that the GR library is significantly enriched with GR ligands compared to the random library. Furthermore, a prospective analysis demonstrated that Molpher successfully designed compounds, which were subsequently experimentally confirmed to be active on the GR. A collection of 34 potential new GR ligands was also identified. Moreover, an important contribution of this study is the establishment of a comprehensive workflow for evaluating computationally generated ligands, particularly those with potential activity against targets that are challenging to dock.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Isabel Agea
- Department of Informatics and Chemistry & CZ-OPENSCREEN: National Infrastructure for Chemical Biology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Čmelo
- Department of Informatics and Chemistry & CZ-OPENSCREEN: National Infrastructure for Chemical Biology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Department of Informatics and Chemistry & CZ-OPENSCREEN: National Infrastructure for Chemical Biology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, 16628, Czech Republic
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Ya Chen
- Center for Bioinformatics (ZBH), Department of Informatics, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Universität Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Kirchmair
- Center for Bioinformatics (ZBH), Department of Informatics, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Universität Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Sedlák
- CZ-OPENSCREEN: National Infrastructure for Chemical Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Bartůněk
- CZ-OPENSCREEN: National Infrastructure for Chemical Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Šícho
- Department of Informatics and Chemistry & CZ-OPENSCREEN: National Infrastructure for Chemical Biology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Svozil
- Department of Informatics and Chemistry & CZ-OPENSCREEN: National Infrastructure for Chemical Biology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, 16628, Czech Republic
- CZ-OPENSCREEN: National Infrastructure for Chemical Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 14220, Czech Republic
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Rodríguez-Fernández A, Visos-Varela I, Zapata-Cachafeiro M, Pintos-Rodríguez S, García-Álvarez RM, Herdeiro TM, Piñeiro-Lamas M, Figueiras A, Salgado-Barreira Á. Outpatient glucocorticoid use and COVID-19 outcomes: a population-based study. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:2305-2315. [PMID: 38698179 PMCID: PMC11300658 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01474-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Owing to controversy information surrounds effect of glucocorticoids on the evolution of COVID-19, we evaluate the effects of outpatient glucocorticoid use on the severity and progression of COVID-19 and risk of infection and analyse the effect of window of exposure and dose. METHODS We conducted a population-based case - control study, involving 4 substudies: (i) Hospitalisation; (ii) Mortality, using subjects hospitalised with a PCR + as cases and subjects without a PCR + as controls; (iii) Progression, including subjects with a PCR + (hospitalised versus non-hospitalised); and (iv) Susceptibility, with all subjects with a PCR + and subjects without a PCR + . Adjusted odds ratios (ORa) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. RESULTS The outpatient glucocorticoid use was associated with an increased risk of hospitalisation (aOR 1.79; 95% CI 1.56-2.05), mortality (aOR 2.30; 95% CI 1.68-3.15), progression (aOR 1.69; 95% CI 1.43-2.00) and susceptibility (aOR 1.29, 95% CI 1.19-1.41). Furthermore, the effects was observed to be greater at higher doses and the closer that drug use approached the outcome date, with an almost fourfold increase in mortality among users in the previous month (aOR 3.85; 95% CI 2.63-5.62). CONCLUSIONS According to the results of this real-world data study, outpatient glucocorticoid use should be considered in making decisions about intrahospital treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Rodríguez-Fernández
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Rúa de San Francisco, S/N, 15782, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Irene Visos-Varela
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Rúa de San Francisco, S/N, 15782, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain
| | - Maruxa Zapata-Cachafeiro
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Rúa de San Francisco, S/N, 15782, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain.
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Samuel Pintos-Rodríguez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Rúa de San Francisco, S/N, 15782, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain
| | - Rosa M García-Álvarez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Rúa de San Francisco, S/N, 15782, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain
- Service of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. Clinic Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Teresa M Herdeiro
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - María Piñeiro-Lamas
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Adolfo Figueiras
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Rúa de San Francisco, S/N, 15782, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ángel Salgado-Barreira
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Rúa de San Francisco, S/N, 15782, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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8
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Lockett J, Inder WJ, Clifton VL. The Glucocorticoid Receptor: Isoforms, Functions, and Contribution to Glucocorticoid Sensitivity. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:593-624. [PMID: 38551091 PMCID: PMC11244253 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids exert pleiotropic effects on all tissues to regulate cellular and metabolic homeostasis. Synthetic forms are used therapeutically in a wide range of conditions for their anti-inflammatory benefits, at the cost of dose and duration-dependent side effects. Significant variability occurs between tissues, disease states, and individuals with regard to both the beneficial and deleterious effects. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is the site of action for these hormones and a vast body of work has been conducted understanding its function. Traditionally, it was thought that the anti-inflammatory benefits of glucocorticoids were mediated by transrepression of pro-inflammatory transcription factors, while the adverse metabolic effects resulted from direct transactivation. This canonical understanding of the GR function has been brought into question over the past 2 decades with advances in the resolution of scientific techniques, and the discovery of multiple isoforms of the receptor present in most tissues. Here we review the structure and function of the GR, the nature of the receptor isoforms, and the contribution of the receptor to glucocorticoid sensitivity, or resistance in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Lockett
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4101, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Metro South Health, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Warrick J Inder
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Metro South Health, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Vicki L Clifton
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4101, Australia
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9
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Shmarina G, Pukhalskaya D, Shmarin V, Semykin S, Avakyan L, Krasovsky S, Goryainova A, Kostyuk S, Zinchenko R, Kashirskaya N. Burkholderia cepacia in cystic fibrosis children and adolescents: overall survival and immune alterations. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1374318. [PMID: 39011515 PMCID: PMC11246859 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1374318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In current literature there are only scarce data on the host inflammatory response during Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) persistence. The primary objective of the present research was to carry out cross-sectional analyses of biomarkers and evaluate disease progression in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with chronic Bcc infection and pathogen-free ones. The secondary aim was to assess prospectively overall survival of the study participants during up to 8 years of follow-up. Methods The study included 116 paediatric patients with CF; 47 CF patients were chronically infected with Bcc, and 69 individuals were Bcc free. Plasma and sputum biomarkers (neutrophil elastase, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-12, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, IL-22, IL-23, IL-17, IFN-γ, TGFβ1, TNF-α) were analysed using commercially available kits. Besides, inhibitory effect of dexamethasone on proliferative response of PHA-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes had been assessed. Results Bcc infected patients did not differ from Bcc free ones in demographic and clinical parameters, but demonstrated an increased rate of glucose metabolism disturbances and survival disadvantage during prolong follow-up period. Biomarkers analyses revealed elevated TNF-α and reduced IL-17F levels in sputum samples of Bcc infected patients. These patients also demonstrated improvement of peripheral blood lymphocyte sensitivity to steroid treatment and reduction in plasma pro-inflammatory (IL-17F and IL-18) and anti-inflammatory (TGFβ1 and IL-10) cytokine concentrations. Conclusions Reduction in IL-17F levels may have several important consequences including increase in steroid sensitivity and glycemic control disturbances. Further investigations are needed to clarify the role of IL-17 cytokines in CF complication development. Low plasma TGFβ1 and IL-10 levels in Bcc infected group may be a sign of subverted activity of regulatory T cells. Such immune alterations may be one of the factors contributing to the development of the cepacia syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Shmarina
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Vassiliy Shmarin
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
- First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Semykin
- Russian Clinical Children's Hospital, a separate structural unit of the Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lusine Avakyan
- Russian Clinical Children's Hospital, a separate structural unit of the Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Anastasia Goryainova
- Russian Clinical Children's Hospital, a separate structural unit of the Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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10
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Martel-Duguech L, Poirier J, Bourdeau I, Lacroix A. Diagnosis and management of secondary adrenal crisis. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024; 25:619-637. [PMID: 38411891 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-024-09877-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Adrenal crisis (AC) is a life threatening acute adrenal insufficiency (AI) episode which can occur in patients with primary AI but also secondary AI (SAI), tertiary AI (TAI) and iatrogenic AI (IAI). In SAI, TAI and IAI, AC may develop when the HPA axis is unable to mount an adequate glucocorticoid response to severe stress due to pituitary or hypothalamic disruption. It manifests as an acute deterioration in multi-organ homeostasis that, if untreated, leads to shock and death. Despite the availability of effective preventive strategies, its prevalence is increasing in patients with SAI, TAI and IAI due to more frequent exogenous steroid administration, pituitary immune-related effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors and opioid use in pain management. The delayed diagnosis of acute AI which remains infrequently suspected increases the risk of AC. Its main precipitating factors are infections, emotional distress, surgery, cessation or reduction in GC doses, pituitary infarction or surgical cure of endogenous Cushing's syndrome. In patients not known previously to have SAI/TAI/IAI, recognition of its symptoms, signs, and biochemical abnormalities can be challenging and cause delay in proper diagnosis and therapy. Effective therapy of AC is rapid intravenous administration of hydrocortisone (initial bolus of 100 mg followed by 200 mg/24 h as continuous infusion or bolus of 50 mg every 6 h) and 0.9% saline. In diagnosed patients, preventive education in sick-day rules adjustment of glucocorticoid replacement and hydrocortisone parenteral self-administration must be performed repeatedly by trained health care providers. Strategies to improve the adequate preventive education in patients at risk for secondary AI should be promoted in collaboration with various medical specialist societies and patients support associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Martel-Duguech
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Research Center, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), 900 Saint-Denis Street, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Québec, Canada
| | - Jonathan Poirier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Research Center, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), 900 Saint-Denis Street, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Bourdeau
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Research Center, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), 900 Saint-Denis Street, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Québec, Canada
| | - André Lacroix
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Research Center, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), 900 Saint-Denis Street, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Québec, Canada.
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11
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Tikhomirov R, Oakley RH, Anderson C, Xiang Y, Al-Othman S, Smith M, Yaar S, Torre E, Li J, Wilson LR, Goulding DR, Donaldson I, Harno E, Soattin L, Shiels HA, Morris GM, Zhang H, Boyett MR, Cidlowski JA, Mesirca P, Mangoni ME, D'Souza A. Cardiac GR Mediates the Diurnal Rhythm in Ventricular Arrhythmia Susceptibility. Circ Res 2024; 134:1306-1326. [PMID: 38533639 PMCID: PMC11081863 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) demonstrate a prominent day-night rhythm, commonly presenting in the morning. Transcriptional rhythms in cardiac ion channels accompany this phenomenon, but their role in the morning vulnerability to VAs and the underlying mechanisms are not understood. We investigated the recruitment of transcription factors that underpins transcriptional rhythms in ion channels and assessed whether this mechanism was pertinent to the heart's intrinsic diurnal susceptibility to VA. METHODS AND RESULTS Assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing performed in mouse ventricular myocyte nuclei at the beginning of the animals' inactive (ZT0) and active (ZT12) periods revealed differentially accessible chromatin sites annotating to rhythmically transcribed ion channels and distinct transcription factor binding motifs in these regions. Notably, motif enrichment for the glucocorticoid receptor (GR; transcriptional effector of corticosteroid signaling) in open chromatin profiles at ZT12 was observed, in line with the well-recognized ZT12 peak in circulating corticosteroids. Molecular, electrophysiological, and in silico biophysically-detailed modeling approaches demonstrated GR-mediated transcriptional control of ion channels (including Scn5a underlying the cardiac Na+ current, Kcnh2 underlying the rapid delayed rectifier K+ current, and Gja1 responsible for electrical coupling) and their contribution to the day-night rhythm in the vulnerability to VA. Strikingly, both pharmacological block of GR and cardiomyocyte-specific genetic knockout of GR blunted or abolished ion channel expression rhythms and abolished the ZT12 susceptibility to pacing-induced VA in isolated hearts. CONCLUSIONS Our study registers a day-night rhythm in chromatin accessibility that accompanies diurnal cycles in ventricular myocytes. Our approaches directly implicate the cardiac GR in the myocyte excitability rhythm and mechanistically link the ZT12 surge in glucocorticoids to intrinsic VA propensity at this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Tikhomirov
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (R.T., C.A., S.A.O., M.S., S.Y., L.S., H.A.S., G.M.M., A.D.), The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
- Myocardial Function Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.T., M.S., A.D.)
| | - Robert H Oakley
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (R.H.O., J.L., L.R.W., D.R.G., J.A.C.)
| | - Cali Anderson
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (R.T., C.A., S.A.O., M.S., S.Y., L.S., H.A.S., G.M.M., A.D.), The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Yirong Xiang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy (Y.X., H.Z.), The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sami Al-Othman
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (R.T., C.A., S.A.O., M.S., S.Y., L.S., H.A.S., G.M.M., A.D.), The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Smith
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (R.T., C.A., S.A.O., M.S., S.Y., L.S., H.A.S., G.M.M., A.D.), The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
- Myocardial Function Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.T., M.S., A.D.)
| | - Sana Yaar
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (R.T., C.A., S.A.O., M.S., S.Y., L.S., H.A.S., G.M.M., A.D.), The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Eleonora Torre
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), F-34094 Montpellier France (E.T., P.M., M.E.M.)
| | - Jianying Li
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (R.H.O., J.L., L.R.W., D.R.G., J.A.C.)
| | - Leslie R Wilson
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (R.H.O., J.L., L.R.W., D.R.G., J.A.C.)
| | - David R Goulding
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (R.H.O., J.L., L.R.W., D.R.G., J.A.C.)
| | - Ian Donaldson
- Bioinformatics Core Facility (I.D.), The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Erika Harno
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology (E.H.), The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Soattin
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (R.T., C.A., S.A.O., M.S., S.Y., L.S., H.A.S., G.M.M., A.D.), The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Holly A Shiels
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (R.T., C.A., S.A.O., M.S., S.Y., L.S., H.A.S., G.M.M., A.D.), The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gwilym M Morris
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (R.T., C.A., S.A.O., M.S., S.Y., L.S., H.A.S., G.M.M., A.D.), The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia (G.M.M.)
| | - Henggui Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy (Y.X., H.Z.), The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Boyett
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, United Kingdom (M.R.B.)
| | - John A Cidlowski
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (R.H.O., J.L., L.R.W., D.R.G., J.A.C.)
| | - Pietro Mesirca
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), F-34094 Montpellier France (E.T., P.M., M.E.M.)
| | - Matteo E Mangoni
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), F-34094 Montpellier France (E.T., P.M., M.E.M.)
| | - Alicia D'Souza
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (R.T., C.A., S.A.O., M.S., S.Y., L.S., H.A.S., G.M.M., A.D.), The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
- Myocardial Function Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.T., M.S., A.D.)
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12
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van den Berg C, Huygen FJPM, Tiemensma J. The efficacy of oral corticoids in treating complex regional pain syndrome: A retrospective cohort study. Pain Pract 2024; 24:394-403. [PMID: 37882378 DOI: 10.1111/papr.13310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is growing evidence supporting the role of inflammatory mechanisms in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Corticoids, as most effective anti-inflammatory drugs, are widely used in treating inflammation. The aim of this study was to retrospectively assess the efficacy of oral corticoid treatment in CRPS patients. METHODS Patients treated at the center of pain medicine in the Erasmus University Medical Centre between January 2015 and January 2020 were approached to partake in this study. Medical records were screened for age, gender, medical history, duration of CRPS, and CRPS severity score. Also, treatment effect, dose and duration, pain scores (NRS), and side effects were extracted from medical records. In addition, global perceived effect was completed in patients treated with corticoids. RESULTS Between January 2015 and January 2020, twenty-nine CRPS patients received corticoids and met the inclusion criteria. One extreme outlier was excluded and treatment effect was unknown for one patient. Average daily dose was 28.9 mg (range 10-30 mg) and the mean treatment duration was 10.5 days (7-21 days). Fourteen patients (51.9%) responded positively to treatment and thirteen (48.1%) did not respond. Side effects were reported in five patients (17.9%). CONCLUSIONS Corticoid treatment was effective in more than half of the patients. With only mild side effects reported the treatment also appears to be relatively safe. Further research is needed to investigate the efficacy of corticoids in treating (early) CRPS, preferably in an intervention study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne van den Berg
- Department of Anesthesiology, Centre for Pain Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J P M Huygen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Centre for Pain Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jitske Tiemensma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Centre for Pain Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Mata-Greenwood E, Chow WL, Anti NAO, Sands LD, Adeoye O, Ford SP, Nathanielsz PW. Dysregulation of Glucocorticoid Receptor Homeostasis and Glucocorticoid-Associated Genes in Umbilical Cord Endothelial Cells of Diet-Induced Obese Pregnant Sheep. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2311. [PMID: 38396987 PMCID: PMC10888705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity (MO) is associated with offspring cardiometabolic diseases that are hypothesized to be partly mediated by glucocorticoids. Therefore, we aimed to study fetal endothelial glucocorticoid sensitivity in an ovine model of MO. Rambouillet/Columbia ewes were fed either 100% (control) or 150% (MO) National Research Council recommendations from 60 d before mating until near-term (135 days gestation). Sheep umbilical vein and artery endothelial cells (ShUVECs and ShUAECs) were used to study glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression and function in vitro. Dexamethasone dose-response studies of gene expression, activation of a glucocorticoid response element (GRE)-dependent luciferase reporter vector, and cytosolic/nuclear GR translocation were used to assess GR homeostasis. MO significantly increased basal GR protein levels in both ShUVECs and ShUAECs. Increased GR protein levels did not result in increased dexamethasone sensitivity in the regulation of key endothelial gene expression such as endothelial nitric oxide synthase, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, vascular endothelial growth factor, or intercellular adhesion molecule 1. In ShUVECs, MO increased GRE-dependent transactivation and FKBP prolyl isomerase 5 (FKBP5) expression. ShUAECs showed generalized glucocorticoid resistance in both dietary groups. Finally, we found that ShUVECs were less sensitive to dexamethasone-induced activation of GR than human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). These findings suggest that MO-mediated effects in the offspring endothelium could be further mediated by dysregulation of GR homeostasis in humans as compared with sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Mata-Greenwood
- Lawrence D. Longo Center for Perinatal Biology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (W.L.C.); (N.A.O.A.); (L.D.S.)
| | - Wendy L. Chow
- Lawrence D. Longo Center for Perinatal Biology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (W.L.C.); (N.A.O.A.); (L.D.S.)
| | - Nana A. O. Anti
- Lawrence D. Longo Center for Perinatal Biology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (W.L.C.); (N.A.O.A.); (L.D.S.)
| | - LeeAnna D. Sands
- Lawrence D. Longo Center for Perinatal Biology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (W.L.C.); (N.A.O.A.); (L.D.S.)
| | - Olayemi Adeoye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;
| | - Stephen P. Ford
- Center for the Study of Fetal Programming, Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA (P.W.N.)
| | - Peter W. Nathanielsz
- Center for the Study of Fetal Programming, Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA (P.W.N.)
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14
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Zhang F, Tan Y, Cai Z, An K, Liu Y, Su J. Two plants improve stress response of a subterranean herbivore by downregulating amphetamine addiction pathways. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1342630. [PMID: 38283372 PMCID: PMC10811048 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1342630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Captivity serves as the primary method for enhancing animal survival and productivity. However, the stress induced by confinement can hinder animal growth and reproduction. The administration of drugs to captive animals can effectively regulate their stress response and can also be used inartificial breeding, reproduction, and experimental animalization of wild species. The plateau zokor (Eospalax baileyi), a subterranean herbivore, experiences significant stress during the captive process owing to its unique habitat. Methods In our study, we utilized Radix astragali (RA) and Acanthopanax senticosus (AS) extracts to intervene in the stress response of plateau zokors. Results Our findings demonstrated that RA and AS treatment considerably improved food intake and reduced weight loss, stress-related behavior, and stress hormone levels in plateau zokors. Furthermore, the excitatory pathway of amphetamine addition in the hypothalamus was suppressed by RA and AS treatment, acting through the Grin and Prkc gene families. Notably, after RA treatment, the extracellular matrix-receptor interaction pathway, enriched by the Col1a1/3a1/1a2/6a1 gene, was significantly upregulated, potentially enhancing the immune function of captive plateau zokors. Discussion In conclusion, our research demonstrates that RA and AS treatment can effectively alleviate the stress response of plateau zokors in captive environments. The downregulation of the excitation pathway and upregulation of the immune pathway offer valuable insights into the response and potential mechanisms of plant-based drugs in mitigating animal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyu Zhang
- Southwest Survey and Planning Institute of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Kunming, China
| | - Yuchen Tan
- College of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem (Ministry of Education), Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Agricultural University-Massey University Research Centre for Grassland Biodiversity, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Cai
- Southwest Survey and Planning Institute of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Kunming, China
| | - Kang An
- College of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem (Ministry of Education), Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Agricultural University-Massey University Research Centre for Grassland Biodiversity, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongjie Liu
- Southwest Survey and Planning Institute of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Kunming, China
| | - Junhu Su
- College of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem (Ministry of Education), Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Agricultural University-Massey University Research Centre for Grassland Biodiversity, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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15
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Tannemaat MR, Huijbers MG, Verschuuren JJGM. Myasthenia gravis-Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2024; 200:283-305. [PMID: 38494283 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-823912-4.00026-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease characterized by dysfunction of the neuromuscular junction resulting in skeletal muscle weakness. It is equally prevalent in males and females, but debuts at a younger age in females and at an older age in males. Ptosis, diplopia, facial bulbar weakness, and limb weakness are the most common symptoms. MG can be classified based on the presence of serum autoantibodies. Acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies are found in 80%-85% of patients, muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) antibodies in 5%-8%, and <1% may have low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (Lrp4) antibodies. Approximately 10% of patients are seronegative for antibodies binding the known disease-related antigens. In patients with AChR MG, 10%-20% have a thymoma, which is usually detected at the onset of the disease. Important differences between clinical presentation, treatment responsiveness, and disease mechanisms have been observed between these different serologic MG classes. Besides the typical clinical features and serologic testing, the diagnosis can be established with additional tests, including repetitive nerve stimulation, single fiber EMG, and the ice pack test. Treatment options for MG consist of symptomatic treatment (such as pyridostigmine), immunosuppressive treatment, or thymectomy. Despite the treatment with symptomatic drugs, steroid-sparing immunosuppressants, intravenous immunoglobulins, plasmapheresis, and thymectomy, a large proportion of patients remain chronically dependent on corticosteroids (CS). In the past decade, the number of treatment options for MG has considerably increased. Advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology have led to new treatment options targeting B or T cells, the complement cascade, the neonatal Fc receptor or cytokines. In the future, these new treatments are likely to reduce the chronic use of CS, diminish side effects, and decrease the number of patients with refractory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn R Tannemaat
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje G Huijbers
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Avalos JG, Piotrowski ER, Northey AD, Crocker DE, Khudyakov JI. Intracellular negative feedback mechanisms in blubber and muscle moderate acute stress responses in fasting seals. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb246694. [PMID: 38009222 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Animals may limit the cost of stress responses during key life history stages such as breeding and molting by reducing tissue sensitivity to energy-mobilizing stress hormones (e.g. cortisol). We measured expression of genes encoding glucocorticoid receptor (GR, NR3C1), GR inhibitor (FKBP5) and cortisol-inactivating enzyme (HSD11B2) in blubber and muscle of northern elephant seals before and after stress axis stimulation by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) early and late in a fasting period associated with molting. ACTH elevated cortisol levels for >24 h and increased FKBP5 and HSD11B2 expression while downregulating NR3C1 expression in blubber and muscle, suggesting robust intracellular negative feedback in peripheral tissues. This feedback was maintained over prolonged fasting, despite differences in baseline cortisol and gene expression levels between early and late molt, suggesting that fasting-adapted animals use multiple tissue-specific, intracellular negative feedback mechanisms to modulate downstream impacts of acute stress responses during key life history stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica G Avalos
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | | | - Allison D Northey
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928, USA
| | - Daniel E Crocker
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928, USA
| | - Jane I Khudyakov
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
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Davis KM, Knauft K, Lewis L, Petriello M, Petrick L, Luca F, Joseph NT, Fritz H, Cutchin M, Rappaport L, Levy P, Engeland CG, Zilioli S. The heart of Detroit study: a window into urban middle-aged and older African Americans' daily lives to understand psychosocial determinants of cardiovascular disease risk. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:766. [PMID: 37853373 PMCID: PMC10585810 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05148-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease disproportionately affects African Americans. Psychosocial factors, including the experience of and emotional reactivity to racism and interpersonal stressors, contribute to the etiology and progression of cardiovascular disease through effects on health behaviors, stress-responsive neuroendocrine axes, and immune processes. The full pathway and complexities of these associations remain underexamined in African Americans. The Heart of Detroit Study aims to identify and model the biopsychosocial pathways that influence cardiovascular disease risk in a sample of urban middle-aged and older African American adults. METHODS The proposed sample will be composed of 500 African American adults between the ages of 55 and 75 from the Detroit urban area. This longitudinal study will consist of two waves of data collection, two years apart. Biomarkers of stress, inflammation, and cardiovascular surrogate endpoints (i.e., heart rate variability and blood pressure) will be collected at each wave. Ecological momentary assessments will characterize momentary and daily experiences of stress, affect, and health behaviors during the first wave. A proposed subsample of 60 individuals will also complete an in-depth qualitative interview to contextualize quantitative results. The central hypothesis of this project is that interpersonal stressors predict poor cardiovascular outcomes, cumulative physiological stress, poor sleep, and inflammation by altering daily affect, daily health behaviors, and daily physiological stress. DISCUSSION This study will provide insight into the biopsychosocial pathways through which experiences of stress and discrimination increase cardiovascular disease risk over micro and macro time scales among urban African American adults. Its discoveries will guide the design of future contextualized, time-sensitive, and culturally tailored behavioral interventions to reduce racial disparities in cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Davis
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Katherine Knauft
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Lena Lewis
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Michael Petriello
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Lauren Petrick
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Francesca Luca
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Nataria T Joseph
- Department of Psychology, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, 90265, USA
| | - Heather Fritz
- School of Occupational Therapy, Pacific Northwest University of Health Sciences, Yakima, WA, 98901, USA
| | - Malcolm Cutchin
- School of Occupational Therapy, Pacific Northwest University of Health Sciences, Yakima, WA, 98901, USA
| | - Lance Rappaport
- Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 1B4, Canada
| | - Phillip Levy
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Christopher G Engeland
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Ross and Carol Nese College of Nursing, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Samuele Zilioli
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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Duncan PJ, Romanò N, Nair SV, Murray JF, Le Tissier P, Shipston MJ. Sex differences in pituitary corticotroph excitability. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1205162. [PMID: 37534368 PMCID: PMC10391550 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1205162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress-related illness represents a major burden on health and society. Sex differences in stress-related disorders are well documented, with women having twice the lifetime rate of depression compared to men and most anxiety disorders. Anterior pituitary corticotrophs are central components of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, receiving input from hypothalamic neuropeptides corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) and arginine vasopressin (AVP), while regulating glucocorticoid output from the adrenal cortex. The dynamic control of electrical excitability by CRH/AVP and glucocorticoids is critical for corticotroph function; however, whether corticotrophs contribute to sexually differential responses of the HPA axis, which might underlie differences in stress-related disorders, is very poorly understood. Using perforated patch clamp electrophysiology in corticotrophs from mice expressing green fluorescent protein under the control of the Pomc promoter, we characterized basal and secretagogue-evoked excitability. Both male and female corticotrophs show predominantly single-spike action potentials under basal conditions; however, males predominantly display spikes with small-amplitude (<20 mV) afterhyperpolarizations (B-type), whereas females displayed a mixture of B-type spikes and spikes with a large-amplitude (>25 mV) afterhyperpolarization (A-type). In response to CRH, or CRH/AVP, male cells almost exclusively transition to a predominantly pseudo-plateau bursting, whereas only female B-type cells display bursting in response to CRH±AVP. Treatment of male or female corticotrophs with 1 nM estradiol (E2) for 24-72 h has no effect on the proportion of cells with A- or B-type spikes in either sex. However, E2 results in the cessation of CRH-induced bursting in both male and female corticotrophs, which can be partially reversed by adding a BK current using a dynamic clamp. RNA-seq analysis of purified corticotrophs reveals extensive differential gene expression at the transcriptional level, including more than 71 mRNAs encoding ion channel subunits. Interestingly, there is a two-fold lower level (p < 0.01) of BK channel pore-forming subunit (Kcnma1) expression in females compared to males, which may partially explain the decrease in CRH-induced bursting. This study identified sex differences at the level of the anterior pituitary corticotroph ion channel landscape and control of both spontaneous and CRH-evoked excitability. Determining the mechanisms of sex differences of corticotroph and HPA activity at the cellular level could be an important step for better understanding, diagnosing, and treating stress-related disorders.
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Vandermosten L, Prenen F, Fogang B, Dagneau de Richecour P, Knoops S, Donkeu CJ, Nguefack CDP, Taguebue JV, Ndombo PK, Ghesquière B, Ayong L, Van den Steen PE. Glucocorticoid dysfunction in children with severe malaria. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1187196. [PMID: 37492570 PMCID: PMC10364055 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1187196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Malaria remains a widespread health problem with a huge burden. Severe or complicated malaria is highly lethal and encompasses a variety of pathological processes, including immune activation, inflammation, and dysmetabolism. Previously, we showed that adrenal hormones, in particular glucocorticoids (GCs), play critical roles to maintain disease tolerance during Plasmodium infection in mice. Here, GC responses were studied in Cameroon in children with uncomplicated malaria (UM), severe malaria (SM) and asymptomatic controls (AC). Methods To determine the sensitivity of leukocytes to GC signaling on a transcriptional level, we measured the ex vivo induction of glucocorticoid induced leucine zipper (GILZ) and FK506-binding protein 5 (FKBP5) by GCs in human and murine leukocytes. Targeted tracer metabolomics on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was performed to detect metabolic changes induced by GCs. Results Total cortisol levels increased in patients with clinical malaria compared to AC and were higher in the SM versus UM group, while cortisol binding globulin levels were unchanged and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels were heterogeneous. Induction of both GILZ and FKBP5 by GCs was significantly reduced in patients with clinical malaria compared to AC and in malaria-infected mice compared to uninfected controls. Increased activity in the pentose phosphate pathway was found in the patients, but this was not affected by ex vivo stimulation with physiological levels of hydrocortisone. Interestingly, hydrocortisone induced increased levels of cAMP in AC, but not in clinical malaria patients. Discussion Altogether, this study shows that patients with SM have increased cortisol levels, but also a decreased sensitivity to GCs, which may clearly contribute to the severity of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leen Vandermosten
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fran Prenen
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Balotin Fogang
- Malaria Research Unit, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Pauline Dagneau de Richecour
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Knoops
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Paul Koki Ndombo
- Mother and Child Center, Chantal Biya Foundation, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Bart Ghesquière
- Metabolomics Expertise Center, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- Metabolomics Expertise Center, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lawrence Ayong
- Malaria Research Unit, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Philippe E. Van den Steen
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Huang H, Wang W. Molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid resistance. Eur J Clin Invest 2023; 53:e13901. [PMID: 36346177 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a powerful anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and antiproliferative drug, glucocorticoid (GC) plays an important role in the treatment of various diseases. However, some patients may experience glucocorticoid resistance (GCR) in clinical, and its molecular mechanism have not been determined. METHODS The authors performed a review of the literature on GCR focusing on mutations in the NR3C1 gene and impaired glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signalling, using METSTR (2000 through May 2022) to identify original articles and reviews on this topic. The search terms included 'glucocorticoid resistance/insensitive', 'steroid resistance/insensitive', 'NR3C1', and 'glucocorticoid receptor'. RESULTS Primary GCR is mainly caused by NR3C1 gene mutation, and 31 NR3C1 gene mutations have been reported so far. Secondary GCR is caused by impaired GC signalling pathways, including decreased expression of GR, impaired nuclear translocation of GR, and impaired binding of GR to GC and GR to target genes. However, the current research is more on the expression level of GR, and there are relatively few studies on other mechanisms. In addition, methods for improving GC sensitivity are rarely reported. CONCLUSION The molecular mechanisms of GCR are complex and may differ in different diseases or different patients. In future studies, when exploring the mechanism of GCR, methods to improve GC sensitivity should also be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanming Huang
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenqing Wang
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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21
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Nomoto K, Kansaku K. Chronic corticosterone deteriorates latrine and nesting behaviours in mice. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:220718. [PMID: 36756053 PMCID: PMC9890096 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Self-care behaviours are actions that help maintain good health and surroundings. For example, appropriate toileting, sleeping in the bed, and bathing and washing are among self-care behaviours in humans. Animals also perform similar self-care behaviours such as latrine, nesting and self-grooming. Studies have shown that chronic stress disrupts nesting and self-grooming behaviours. However, the effect of chronic stress on latrine behaviour, preferential, repeated defecation at specific locations, has not yet been clarified. This study aimed to investigate the influence of chronic corticosterone administration on latrine and nesting behaviours in mice. The variation in defecation location was quantified as the degree of the latrine behaviour by using Shannon entropy. The nest quality was scored based on shape. The study showed that mice exposed to chronic corticosterone had scattered defecation sites and lower nest quality compared to the control group. Furthermore, results showed that more scattered defecation behaviour was associated with lower nest quality at an individual level. Additionally, the deterioration of these self-care behaviours was associated with depression-like behaviours such as less open field activity and increased immobility time during the tail suspension test. These results suggest that chronic corticosterone deteriorates self-care behaviours such as latrine and nesting in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensaku Nomoto
- Department of Physiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kenji Kansaku
- Department of Physiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan
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Le Floc'h A, Nagashima K, Birchard D, Scott G, Ben LH, Ajithdoss D, Gayvert K, Romero Hernandez A, Herbin O, Tay A, Farrales P, Korgaonkar CK, Pan H, Shah S, Kamat V, Chatterjee I, Popke J, Oyejide A, Lim WK, Kim JH, Huang T, Franklin M, Olson W, Norton T, Perlee L, Yancopoulos GD, Murphy AJ, Sleeman MA, Orengo JM. Blocking common γ chain cytokine signaling ameliorates T cell-mediated pathogenesis in disease models. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabo0205. [PMID: 36630481 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abo0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The common γ chain (γc; IL-2RG) is a subunit of the interleukin (IL) receptors for the γc cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, and IL-21. The lack of appropriate neutralizing antibodies recognizing IL-2RG has made it difficult to thoroughly interrogate the role of γc cytokines in inflammatory and autoimmune disease settings. Here, we generated a γc cytokine receptor antibody, REGN7257, to determine whether γc cytokines might be targeted for T cell-mediated disease prevention and treatment. Biochemical, structural, and in vitro analysis showed that REGN7257 binds with high affinity to IL-2RG and potently blocks signaling of all γc cytokines. In nonhuman primates, REGN7257 efficiently suppressed T cells without affecting granulocytes, platelets, or red blood cells. Using REGN7257, we showed that γc cytokines drive T cell-mediated disease in mouse models of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and multiple sclerosis by affecting multiple aspects of the pathogenic response. We found that our xenogeneic GVHD mouse model recapitulates hallmarks of acute and chronic GVHD, with T cell expansion/infiltration into tissues and liver fibrosis, as well as hallmarks of immune aplastic anemia, with bone marrow aplasia and peripheral cytopenia. Our findings indicate that γc cytokines contribute to GVHD and aplastic anemia pathology by promoting these characteristic features. By demonstrating that broad inhibition of γc cytokine signaling with REGN7257 protects from immune-mediated disorders, our data provide evidence of γc cytokines as key drivers of pathogenic T cell responses, offering a potential strategy for the management of T cell-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Le Floc'h
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Kirsten Nagashima
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Dylan Birchard
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - George Scott
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Li-Hong Ben
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Dharani Ajithdoss
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Gayvert
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | - Olivier Herbin
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Amanda Tay
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Pamela Farrales
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | - Hao Pan
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Sweta Shah
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Vishal Kamat
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Ishita Chatterjee
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Jon Popke
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Adelekan Oyejide
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Wei Keat Lim
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Jee H Kim
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Tammy Huang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Matthew Franklin
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - William Olson
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Thomas Norton
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Lorah Perlee
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - George D Yancopoulos
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Matthew A Sleeman
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Jamie M Orengo
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
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Topical Steroid-Induced Cushing's Syndrome in a Newborn Following Goniotomy for Glaucoma. J Glaucoma 2023; 32:65-67. [PMID: 36001506 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000002116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome is a life-threatening condition which requires an early diagnosis multidisciplinary approach. Despite reports of iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome following nasal or inhaled steroids, its development after topical betamethasone eye drops for a short duration is a less frequently reported or anticipated condition. We describe a 6-week-old infant who developed exogenous Cushing's syndrome following topical steroids after bilateral goniotomy for newborn glaucoma. The child was kept under observation and managed with a physiological dose of hydrocortisone. Parental counselling regarding the proper method of eye drop instillation and signs of steroid toxicity is of vital importance in all cases of pediatric ocular surgeries, especially where bilateral surgeries are undertaken.
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Gultig KD, de Rooij SR, Hilberdink CE, Olff M, Roseboom TJ, van Zuiden M. Effects of prenatal exposure to the 1944-45 Dutch famine and glucocorticoid receptor polymorphisms on later life PTSD susceptibility. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2023; 14:2219075. [PMID: 37335018 PMCID: PMC10281402 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2219075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Exposure to adversity in utero is thought to increase susceptibility to develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following later life trauma, due to neurobiological programming effects during critical developmental periods. It remains unknown whether effects of prenatal adversity on PTSD susceptibility are modulated by genetic variations in neurobiological pathways implicated in PTSD susceptibility.Objective: We investigated whether genetic variation in the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) modulated effects of prenatal famine exposure on late adulthood PTSD symptom severity after trauma exposure in childhood and mid-to-late adulthood.Method: We included N = 439 term-born singleton adults (mean age: 72 years, 54.2% women) from the Dutch Famine Birth Cohort, born around the time of the Dutch Famine of 1944/1945, divided into exposure and control groups based on timing of the famine during gestation. Participants filled out self-report questionnaires on childhood (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) and mid-to-late adulthood (Life Events Checklist for DSM-5) trauma, and current PTSD symptom severity (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5). GR haplotypes were determined from four functional GR single nucleotide polymorphisms (ER22/23EK, N363S, BclI and exon 9β) in previously collected DNA. Linear regression analyses were performed to investigate associations of GR haplotype and prenatal famine exposure in conjunction with later life trauma on PTSD symptom severity.Results: We observed a significant three-way interaction between the GR Bcll haplotype, famine exposure during early gestation, and adulthood trauma exposure on PTSD symptom severity in late adulthood. Only participants exposed to famine during early gestation without the GR Bcll haplotype showed a significantly stronger positive association between adulthood trauma and PTSD symptom severity than non-exposed participants, indicating increased PTSD susceptibility.Conclusions: Our results illustrate the importance of integrated approaches considering genetics and environmental contexts throughout various life periods, including the rarely investigated prenatal environment, to elucidate how PTSD susceptibility evolves throughout life.HIGHLIGHTS Adversity during pregnancy is thought to increase offspring's PTSD risk following later life trauma, but exact neurobiological mechanisms underlying this process remain unknown.We found that effects of prenatal famine exposure on PTSD symptom severity were influenced by genetic variation in the glucocorticoid receptor, which signals effects of the stress hormone cortisol.Integrated approaches considering genetics and environmental contexts throughout both early and later life are important to understand how PTSD risk evolves throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayleigh D. Gultig
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute and Amsterdam Neuroscience Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susanne R. de Rooij
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute and Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E. Hilberdink
- Departments of Psychiatry and Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Miranda Olff
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute and Amsterdam Neuroscience Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen, the Netherlands
| | - Tessa J. Roseboom
- Departments of Epidemiology and Data Science and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam van Zuiden
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute and Amsterdam Neuroscience Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Carceller-Zazo E, Sevilla LM, Pons-Alonso O, Chiner-Oms Á, Amazit L, An Vu T, Vitellius G, Viengchareun S, Comas I, Jaszczyszyn Y, Abella M, Alegre-Martí A, Estébanez-Perpiñá E, Lombès M, Pérez P. The mineralocorticoid receptor modulates timing and location of genomic binding by glucocorticoid receptor in response to synthetic glucocorticoids in keratinocytes. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22709. [PMID: 36527388 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201199rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) exert potent antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory properties, explaining their therapeutic efficacy for skin diseases. GCs act by binding to the GC receptor (GR) and the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), co-expressed in classical and non-classical targets including keratinocytes. Using knockout mice, we previously demonstrated that GR and MR exert essential nonoverlapping functions in skin homeostasis. These closely related receptors may homo- or heterodimerize to regulate transcription, and theoretically bind identical GC-response elements (GRE). We assessed the contribution of MR to GR genomic binding and the transcriptional response to the synthetic GC dexamethasone (Dex) using control (CO) and MR knockout (MREKO ) keratinocytes. GR chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-seq identified peaks common and unique to both genotypes upon Dex treatment (1 h). GREs, AP-1, TEAD, and p53 motifs were enriched in CO and MREKO peaks. However, GR genomic binding was 35% reduced in MREKO , with significantly decreased GRE enrichment, and reduced nuclear GR. Surface plasmon resonance determined steady state affinity constants, suggesting preferred dimer formation as MR-MR > GR-MR ~ GR-GR; however, kinetic studies demonstrated that GR-containing dimers had the longest lifetimes. Despite GR-binding differences, RNA-seq identified largely similar subsets of differentially expressed genes in both genotypes upon Dex treatment (3 h). However, time-course experiments showed gene-dependent differences in the magnitude of expression, which correlated with earlier and more pronounced GR binding to GRE sites unique to CO including near Nr3c1. Our data show that endogenous MR has an impact on the kinetics and differential genomic binding of GR, affecting the time-course, specificity, and magnitude of GC transcriptional responses in keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Carceller-Zazo
- Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Lisa M Sevilla
- Department of Pathology and Molecular and Cell Therapy, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Omar Pons-Alonso
- Department of Pathology and Molecular and Cell Therapy, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Álvaro Chiner-Oms
- Department of Genomics and Proteomics, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Larbi Amazit
- Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Unité Mixte de Service UMS-44, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Thi An Vu
- Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Géraldine Vitellius
- Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Say Viengchareun
- Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Iñaki Comas
- Department of Genomics and Proteomics, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Yan Jaszczyszyn
- CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Montserrat Abella
- Structural Biology of Nuclear Receptors, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Alegre-Martí
- Structural Biology of Nuclear Receptors, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Estébanez-Perpiñá
- Structural Biology of Nuclear Receptors, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Lombès
- Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Paloma Pérez
- Department of Pathology and Molecular and Cell Therapy, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
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Botelho Barra C, Villela TR, Soares NDF, Colosimo EA, Belisário AR, e Silva ACS, Silva IN. Pharmacogenomic markers of glucocorticoid response in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279298. [PMID: 36538565 PMCID: PMC9767328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GC) replacement are the mainstay treatment for 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD), the most common cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), in its classical form. There are novel insights into the genetic basis of the GC action diversity that point to an important role for GC receptor (GR) gene polymorphisms, suggesting a possible modulation in occurrence of metabolic disorders, what may be relevant to clinical management of 21-OHD. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the five GR gene polymorphisms Tth111I, ER22, 23EK, BclI, 9β (rs10052957, rs6189, rs6190, rs41423247, rs6198) and their combination into haplotypes are associated to different GC response in a cohort of classic 21-OHD subjects. GR genotype-phenotype associations were explored after a dexamethasone suppression test using very low-doses (VLD-DST), 20 and 40 μg/m². The final sample (n = 28) was selected based on the 102 individuals' previous genotypes classification, according to literature data of GC sensitivity or resistance. Thus, only patients with GC increased resistance (n = 18) or increased sensitivity (n = 10) profiles were selected. Out of 28 subjects aged 12 (2-34) years enrolled in this study, 75% were females, 75% presented the salt-wasting form (SW) and 25% the simple virilizing form (SV). Subjects who carried Tth111I and 9β, associated or not to the ER22/23EK variants, showed an impaired DST response. Results did not differ significantly according to gender or body mass index. SV subjects with GC hypersensitivity-genotypes showed decreased average cortisol levels compared to those with GC resistance-genotypes (p = 0.0023). The Tth111I + 9β/ Wild or Tth111I + ER22/23EK + 9β/ Wild genotypes were associated to GC resistance in this population. This finding may be relevant given the challenges posed by therapeutic management with GC in CAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Botelho Barra
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil,Pediatric Endocrinology Division, Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thais Ramos Villela
- Pediatric Endocrinology Division, Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nedstâni de Freitas Soares
- Pediatric Endocrinology Division, Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Enrico Antônio Colosimo
- Department of Statistics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Rolim Belisário
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Simões e Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil,Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ivani Novato Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil,Pediatric Endocrinology Division, Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil,* E-mail:
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27
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Nordkap L, Almstrup K, Priskorn L, Bang AK, Stalder T, Petersen JH, Hansen ÅM, Juul A, Johannsen TH, Jørgensen N. Hair cortisol, glucocorticoid gene receptor polymorphisms, stress, and testicular function. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 146:105942. [PMID: 36179533 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Self-reported psychological stress has been associated with decreased semen quality. Cortisol levels in scalp hair (hair cortisol concentration, HCC) has emerged as a potential objective marker of psychological stress. Thus, we investigated if HCC was associated with markers of testicular function. Furthermore, we examined whether three common single nucleotide polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid-receptor gene (NR3C1, chromosome 5), potentially affecting receptor sensitivity, were associated with HCC and could influence the studied association between HCC and testicular function. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS We analysed HCC, serum-levels of reproductive hormones, semen parameters, and the three NR3C1-polymorphisms; BclI (rs41423247), Tth111I (rs10052957), and 9β (rs6198), in a population of 696 men from the general population. RESULTS HCC was not associated with testicular function, and adjustment for the three NR3C1-polymorphisms did not alter the results. However, HCC increased significantly with the number of Tth111I minor-alleles (T) and decreased significantly with the number of 9β minor-alleles (G). CONCLUSION Given previously shown associations between stress and semen quality, and that no association between HCC and self-reported stress was observed in the current study, we speculate that negative reproductive effects of stress may not be mediated directly by cortisol. This study demonstrates associations between HCC and glucocorticoid receptor gene variants indicating that these SNPs may influence systemic glucocorticoid levels, but the potential health effects of such alterations are yet unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loa Nordkap
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, Denmark.
| | - Kristian Almstrup
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lærke Priskorn
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Anne Kirstine Bang
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Tobias Stalder
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Jørgen Holm Petersen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Åse Marie Hansen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine Holm Johannsen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Niels Jørgensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, Denmark
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28
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Savas M, Mehta S, Agrawal N, van Rossum EFC, Feelders RA. Approach to the Patient: Diagnosis of Cushing Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:3162-3174. [PMID: 36036941 PMCID: PMC9681610 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cushing syndrome results from supraphysiological exposure to glucocorticoids and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis includes administration of corticosteroids (exogenous Cushing syndrome) or autonomous cortisol overproduction, whether or not ACTH-dependent (endogenous Cushing syndrome). An early diagnosis of Cushing syndrome is warranted; however, in clinical practice, it is very challenging partly because of resemblance with other common conditions (ie, pseudo-Cushing syndrome). Initial workup should start with excluding local and systemic corticosteroid use. First-line screening tests including the 1-mg dexamethasone suppression test, 24-hour urinary free cortisol excretion, and late-night salivary cortisol measurement should be performed to screen for endogenous Cushing syndrome. Scalp-hair cortisol/cortisone analysis helps in the assessment of long-term glucocorticoid exposure as well as in detection of transient periods of hypercortisolism as observed in cyclical Cushing syndrome. Interpretation of results can be difficult because of individual patient characteristics and hence requires awareness of test limitations. Once endogenous Cushing syndrome is established, measurement of plasma ACTH concentrations differentiates between ACTH-dependent (80%-85%) or ACTH-independent (15%-20%) causes. Further assessment with different imaging modalities and dynamic biochemical testing including bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling helps further pinpoint the cause of Cushing's syndrome. In this issue of "Approach to the patient," the diagnostic workup of Cushing syndrome is discussed with answering the questions when to screen, how to screen, and how to differentiate the different causes. In this respect, the latest developments in biochemical and imaging techniques are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nidhi Agrawal
- Division of Endocrinology, NYU Langone Medical Center/ Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, NY
| | - Elisabeth F C van Rossum
- Correspondence: Elisabeth F.C. van Rossum, MD, PhD, Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Richard A Feelders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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29
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Trivioli G, Marquez A, Martorana D, Tesi M, Kronbichler A, Lyons PA, Vaglio A. Genetics of ANCA-associated vasculitis: role in pathogenesis, classification and management. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2022; 18:559-574. [PMID: 36109667 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-022-00819-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) comprises granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), that share features of pauci-immune small-vessel vasculitis and the positivity of ANCA targeting proteinase-3 (PR3-ANCA) or myeloperoxidase (MPO-ANCA). AAV syndromes are rare, complex diseases and their aetio-pathogenesis is mainly driven by the interaction between environmental and genetic factors. In patients with GPA and MPA, the genetic associations are stronger with ANCA specificity (PR3- versus MPO-ANCA) than with the clinical diagnosis, which, in keeping with the known clinical and prognostic differences between PR3-ANCA-positive and MPO-ANCA-positive patients, supports an ANCA-based re-classification of these disorders. EGPA is also made up of genetically distinct subsets, which can be stratified on ANCA-status (MPO ANCA-positive versus ANCA-negative); these subsets differ in clinical phenotype and possibly in their response to treatment. Interestingly, MPO-ANCA-positive patients with either MPA or EGPA have overlapping genetic determinants, thus strengthening the concept that this EGPA subset is closely related to the other AAV syndromes. The genetics of AAV provides us with essential information to understand its varied phenotype. This Review discusses the main findings of genetic association studies in AAV, their pathogenic implications and their potential effect on classification, management and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Trivioli
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Ana Marquez
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine "López-Neyra", CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Davide Martorana
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Diagnostics, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
- CoreLab Unit, Research Center, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Tesi
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Andreas Kronbichler
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- Vasculitis and Lupus Service, Department of Renal Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul A Lyons
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Augusto Vaglio
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy.
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30
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Wiencke JK, Molinaro AM, Warrier G, Rice T, Clarke J, Taylor JW, Wrensch M, Hansen H, McCoy L, Tang E, Tamaki SJ, Tamaki CM, Nissen E, Bracci P, Salas LA, Koestler DC, Christensen BC, Zhang Z, Kelsey KT. DNA methylation as a pharmacodynamic marker of glucocorticoid response and glioma survival. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5505. [PMID: 36127421 PMCID: PMC9486797 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33215-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessing individual responses to glucocorticoid drug therapies that compromise immune status and affect survival outcomes in neuro-oncology is a great challenge. Here we introduce a blood-based neutrophil dexamethasone methylation index (NDMI) that provides a measure of the epigenetic response of subjects to dexamethasone. This marker outperforms conventional approaches based on leukocyte composition as a marker of glucocorticoid response. The NDMI is associated with low CD4 T cells and the accumulation of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells and also serves as prognostic factor in glioma survival. In a non-glioma population, the NDMI increases with a history of prednisone use. Therefore, it may also be informative in other conditions where glucocorticoids are employed. We conclude that DNA methylation remodeling within the peripheral immune compartment is a rich source of clinically relevant markers of glucocorticoid response.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Wiencke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Annette M Molinaro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gayathri Warrier
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Terri Rice
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Clarke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennie W Taylor
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Margaret Wrensch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Helen Hansen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lucie McCoy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emily Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stan J Tamaki
- Parnassus Flow Cytometry CoLab, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Courtney M Tamaki
- Parnassus Flow Cytometry CoLab, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emily Nissen
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Paige Bracci
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lucas A Salas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Devin C Koestler
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Brock C Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Karl T Kelsey
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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31
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Children with Down syndrome: association of Bcl-I polymorphism of nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 gene with obesity. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:216-224. [PMID: 34433889 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01711-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKROUND This study aimed to assess the possible association between rs41423247 (Bcl-I) polymorphism in the gene for the human glucocorticoid receptor (GR) called Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 3 Group C Member 1 (NR3C1) with obesity in Egyptian children with and without Down syndrome. METHODS The Bcl-I polymorphism was assessed, using real-time PCR, in 300 children divided into four groups: Down-obese, Down-non obese, normal-obese, and normal non-obese. RESULTS There was no significant difference between normal-obese and normal-non obese children regarding the Bcl-I genotypes and allele frequencies, while there was a significant difference between Down-obese and Down-non obese children regarding the Bcl-I GC genotype frequency. Again, there was a highly significant difference between Down-obese and normal-non obese children and between children with Down-syndrome (obese and non-obese) and normal children (obese and non-obese) regarding the Bcl-I genotypes and alleles frequencies. CONCLUSIONS Our study found a weak association of the G allele of Bcl-I rs41423247 with the presence of obesity among normal Egyptian children, while there was a significant association of the mutant C allele of the Bcl-I rs41423247 with Down syndrome, suggesting a possible association with Down syndrome pathophysiology. IMPACT Bcl-I polymorphism is not strikingly associated with obesity in normal children. The GG genotype is higher in obese normal children but without significant difference. The significant increase of the mutant C allele in Down-children than normal children. This may be relevant to Down syndrome's pathophysiology which disturbs the whole genome's balance.
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32
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Borresen SW, Klose M, Glintborg D, Watt T, Andersen MS, Feldt-Rasmussen U. Approach to the Patient With Glucocorticoid-induced Adrenal Insufficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:2065-2076. [PMID: 35302603 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced adrenal insufficiency is caused by exogenous glucocorticoid suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and is the most prevalent form of adrenal insufficiency. The condition is important to diagnose given the risk of life-threatening adrenal crisis and impact on patients' quality of life. The diagnosis is made with a stimulation test such as the ACTH test. Until now, testing for glucocorticoid-induced adrenal insufficiency has often been based on clinical suspicion rather than routinely but accumulating evidence indicates that a significant number of cases will remain unrecognized. During ongoing oral glucocorticoid treatment or initially after withdrawal, ~50% of patients have adrenal insufficiency, but, outside clinical studies, ≤ 1% of patients have adrenal testing recorded. More than 70% of cases are identified during acute hospital admission, where the diagnosis can easily be missed because symptoms of adrenal insufficiency are nonspecific and overlap those of the underlying and intercurrent conditions. Treatment of severe glucocorticoid-induced adrenal insufficiency should follow the principles for treatment of central adrenal insufficiency. The clinical implications and thus indication to treat mild-moderate adrenal deficiency after glucocorticoid withdrawal has not been established. Also, the indication of adding stress dosages of glucocorticoid during ongoing glucocorticoid treatment remains unclear. In patients with established glucocorticoid-induced adrenal insufficiency, high rates of poor confidence in self-management and delayed glucocorticoid administration in the acute setting with an imminent adrenal crisis call for improved awareness and education of clinicians and patients. This article reviews different facets of glucocorticoid-induced adrenal insufficiency and discusses approaches to the condition in common clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stina Willemoes Borresen
- Department of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianne Klose
- Department of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorte Glintborg
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Torquil Watt
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianne Skovsager Andersen
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen
- Department of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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33
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Kostolanská K, Šiprová H, Bartečků E, Juřica J, Řiháček I, Táborská E, Souček M, Peš O. Longitudinal Monitoring of Hair Cortisol Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry to Prevent Hypercortisolism in Patients Undergoing Glucocorticoid Replacement Therapy. Ther Drug Monit 2022; 44:438-447. [PMID: 35550494 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Currently available methods for endogenous cortisol monitoring in patients with hormonal insufficiency rely on measurements of plasma levels only at a single time point; thus, any kind of chronic exposure to cortisol is challenging to evaluate because it requires collecting samples at different time points. Hair cortisol levels acquired longitudinally better reflected chronic exposure (both cortisol synthesis and deposition) and may significantly contribute to better outcomes in glucocorticoid replacement therapies. DESIGN Twenty-two patients on cortisol substitution therapy were monitored for plasma, urinary, and hair cortisol levels for 18 months to determine whether hair cortisol may serve as a monitoring option for therapy setting and adjustment. METHODS Plasma and urinary cortisol levels were measured using standardized immunoassay methods, and segmented (∼1 cm) hair cortisol levels were monitored by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. A log-normal model of the changes over time was proposed, and Bayesian statistics were used to compare plasma, urinary, and hair cortisol levels over 18 months. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Hair cortisol levels decreased over time in patients undergoing substitutional therapy. The residual variance of hair cortisol in comparison to plasma or urinary cortisol levels was much lower. Thus, longitudinal monitoring of hair cortisol levels could prove beneficial as a noninvasive tool to reduce the risk of overdosing and improve the overall patient health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Kostolanská
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Šiprová
- Endocrinology Ambulance, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Elis Bartečků
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic ; and
| | - Jan Juřica
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Řiháček
- Endocrinology Ambulance, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Táborská
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Souček
- Endocrinology Ambulance, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Peš
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Leukocyte cytokine responses in adult patients with mitochondrial DNA defects. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:963-971. [PMID: 35635577 PMCID: PMC9885136 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02206-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Patients with oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) defects causing mitochondrial diseases appear particularly vulnerable to infections. Although OxPhos defects modulate cytokine production in vitro and in animal models, little is known about how circulating leukocytes of patients with inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) defects respond to acute immune challenges. In a small cohort of healthy controls (n = 21) and patients (n = 12) with either the m.3243A > G mutation or single, large-scale mtDNA deletions, we examined (i) cytokine responses (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β) in response to acute lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure and (ii) sensitivity to the immunosuppressive effects of glucocorticoid signaling (dexamethasone) on cytokine production. In dose-response experiments to determine the half-maximal effective LPS concentration (EC50), relative to controls, leukocytes from patients with mtDNA deletions showed 74-79% lower responses for IL-6 and IL-1β (pIL-6 = 0.031, pIL-1β = 0.009). Moreover, whole blood from patients with mtDNA deletions (pIL-6 = 0.006), but not patients with the m.3243A > G mutation, showed greater sensitivity to the immunosuppressive effects of dexamethasone. Together, these ex vivo data provide preliminary evidence that some systemic OxPhos defects may compromise immune cytokine responses and increase the sensitivity to immune cytokine suppression by glucocorticoids. Further work in larger cohorts is needed to define the nature of immune dysregulation in patients with mitochondrial disease, and their potential implications for disease phenotypes. KEY MESSAGES: Little is known about leukocyte cytokine responses in patients with mitochondrial diseases. Leukocytes of patients with mtDNA deletions show blunted LPS sensitivity and cytokine responses. Leukocytes of patients with mtDNA deletions are more sensitive to glucocorticoid-mediated IL-6 suppression. Work in larger cohorts is needed to delineate potential immune alterations in mitochondrial diseases.
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35
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Lim DW, Han D, Lee C. Pedicularis resupinata Extract Prevents Depressive-like Behavior in Repeated Corticosterone-Induced Depression in Mice: A Preliminary Study. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27113434. [PMID: 35684372 PMCID: PMC9182056 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Excessive corticosterone (CORT), resulting from a dysregulated hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, is associated with cognitive impairment and behavioral changes, including depression. In Korean oriental medicine, Pedicularis resupinata is used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. However, the antidepressant properties of P. resupinata have not been well characterized. Here, the antidepressant-like effects of P. resupinata extract (PRE) were evaluated in terms of CORT-induced depression using in vivo models. HPLC confirmed that acteoside, a phenylethanoid glycoside, was the main compound from PRE. Male ICR mice (8 weeks old) were injected with CORT (40 mg/kg, i.p.) and orally administered PRE daily (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg) for 21 consecutive days. Depressive-like behaviors were evaluated using the open-field test, sucrose preference test, passive avoidance test, tail suspension test, and forced swim test. Treatment with a high dose of PRE significantly alleviated CORT-induced, depressive-like behaviors in mice. Additionally, repeated CORT injection markedly reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels, whereas total glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and GR phosphorylation at serine 211 were significantly increased in the mice hippocampus but improved by PRE treatment. Thus, our findings suggest that PRE has potential antidepressant-like effects in CORT-induced, depressive-like behavior in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daeseok Han
- Correspondence: (D.H.); (C.L.); Tel.: +82-63-219-9246 (D.H.); +82-63-219-9226 (C.L.)
| | - Changho Lee
- Correspondence: (D.H.); (C.L.); Tel.: +82-63-219-9246 (D.H.); +82-63-219-9226 (C.L.)
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36
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Kaminski HJ, Denk J. Corticosteroid Treatment-Resistance in Myasthenia Gravis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:886625. [PMID: 35547366 PMCID: PMC9083070 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.886625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic, high-dose, oral prednisone has been the mainstay of myasthenia gravis treatment for decades and has proven to be highly beneficial in many, toxic in some way to all, and not effective in a significant minority. No patient characteristics or biomarkers are predictive of treatment response leading to many patients suffering adverse effects with no benefit. Presently, measurements of treatment response, whether taken from clinician or patient perspective, are appreciated to be limited by lack of good correlation, which then complicates correlation to biological measures. Treatment response may be limited because disease mechanisms are not influenced by corticosteroids, limits on dosage because of adverse effects, or individual differences in corticosteroids. This review evaluates potential mechanisms that underlie lack of response to glucocorticoids in patients with myasthenia gravis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry J Kaminski
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jordan Denk
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
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37
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Sheikhi V, Heidari Z. Increase in Thyrotropin Is Associated with an Increase in Serum Prolactin in Euthyroid Subjects and Patients with Subclinical Hypothyroidism. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2022; 35:167. [PMID: 35505831 PMCID: PMC9034874 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.35.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prevalence and clinical significance of hyperprolactinemia in subclinical hypothyroidism have been reported in few studies. The upper limit of the normal range for TSH used to diagnose subclinical hypothyroidism is a matter of controversy. Some experts believe that the upper limit of the normal TSH range should be reduced from 4.2 to 2.5 mIU/L. Some evidence suggests a positive relationship between TSH > 2.5 mIU/L and cortisol as an indicator of metabolic stress. With this view prolactin as a stress hormone can be elevated in TSH >2.5 in comparison to TSH< 2.5. Hence the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between TSH and prolactin levels in the TSH range <10.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on apparently healthy subjects with TSH<10 mIU/L. Subjects with the age of 18 to 35 years were enrolled. The sera were analyzed for prolactin, FT3, FT4, TSH, TPO-Ab and Tg-Ab.
Results: From the total number of 519 participants, in 65 subjects (12.5%) TSH was < 2.5. Seventy-nine subjects (15.2%) had TSH: 2.5-4.2 and 375 (72.3%) of the participants had TSH> 4.2 mIU/L. The mean age, weight and BMI of subjects in the three TSH groups were not significantly different. In the three TSH groups, the prevalence of hyperprolactinemia was zero, 3.8 and 30.7%, respectively. There was a positive and significant correlation between prolactin and TSH levels (r=0.613).
Conclusion: Hyperprolactinemia is common in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (30.7%) and there is a positive correlation between TSH and PRL in subjects with TSH<10 mIU/l.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Sheikhi
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Zahra Heidari
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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38
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Hamilton CM, Winter MJ, Margiotta-Casaluci L, Owen SF, Tyler CR. Are synthetic glucocorticoids in the aquatic environment a risk to fish? ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 162:107163. [PMID: 35240385 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The glucocorticosteroid, or glucocorticoid (GC), system is largely conserved across vertebrates and plays a central role in numerous vital physiological processes including bone development, immunomodulation, and modification of glucose metabolism and the induction of stress-related behaviours. As a result of their wide-ranging actions, synthetic GCs are widely prescribed for numerous human and veterinary therapeutic purposes and consequently have been detected extensively within the aquatic environment. Synthetic GCs designed for humans are pharmacologically active in non-mammalian vertebrates, including fish, however they are generally detected in surface waters at low (ng/L) concentrations. In this review, we assess the potential environmental risk of synthetic GCs to fish by comparing available experimental data and effect levels in fish with those in mammals. We found the majority of compounds were predicted to have insignificant risk to fish, however some compounds were predicted to be of moderate and high risk to fish, although the dataset of compounds used for this analysis was small. Given the common mode of action and high level of inter-species target conservation exhibited amongst the GCs, we also give due consideration to the potential for mixture effects, which may be particularly significant when considering the potential for environmental impact from this class of pharmaceuticals. Finally, we also provide recommendations for further research to more fully understand the potential environmental impact of this relatively understudied group of commonly prescribed human and veterinary drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles M Hamilton
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Matthew J Winter
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Luigi Margiotta-Casaluci
- Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Stewart F Owen
- AstraZeneca, Global Environment, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Charles R Tyler
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK.
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D’Ambrosio F, Caggiano M, Schiavo L, Savarese G, Carpinelli L, Amato A, Iandolo A. Chronic Stress and Depression in Periodontitis and Peri-Implantitis: A Narrative Review on Neurobiological, Neurobehavioral and Immune-Microbiome Interplays and Clinical Management Implications. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:49. [PMID: 35323251 PMCID: PMC8947556 DOI: 10.3390/dj10030049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides the well-known systemic factors for periodontal and peri-implant diseases, additional co-factors, such as chronic stress and depression, may also affect disease onset and progression as well as treatment responsiveness. Neurobiological and neurobehavioral pathogenic links between chronic stress and depression, on the one side, and periodontitis and peri-implantitis, on the other side, which have been little investigated and principally related to necrotizing periodontal disease, have been reviewed, along with their putative interconnections with periodontal immune-microbiome balance. Rising evidence suggest that dysregulated neurobiological and neurobehavioral factors, as well as periodontal immune-microbiome unbalance, all related to chronic stress and depression, may crucially interact and thus represent contributing factors in the genesis and worsening not only of necrotizing periodontal lesions, but also of chronic periodontitis and peri-implantitis. Such potential interconnections may be even more relevant in recurrent and aggressive cases of periodontal and peri-implant disease, which are frequently refractory to therapy, and may, if corroborated, coherently pave the way for personalized prevention and treatment strategies, possibly targeting immune-microbiome unbalance and neurobehavioral factors and focusing on neurobiological ones, especially in chronically stressed and depressed subjects with periodontitis and peri-implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco D’Ambrosio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Schola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (M.C.); (L.S.); (G.S.); (L.C.); (A.A.); (A.I.)
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40
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Stifel U, Wolfschmitt EM, Vogt J, Wachter U, Vettorazzi S, Tews D, Hogg M, Zink F, Koll NM, Winning S, Mounier R, Chazaud B, Radermacher P, Fischer-Posovszky P, Caratti G, Tuckermann J. Glucocorticoids coordinate macrophage metabolism through the regulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Mol Metab 2022; 57:101424. [PMID: 34954109 PMCID: PMC8783148 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glucocorticoids (GCs) are one of the most widely prescribed anti-inflammatory drugs. By acting through their cognate receptor, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), GCs downregulate the expression of pro-inflammatory genes and upregulate the expression of anti-inflammatory genes. Metabolic pathways have recently been identified as key parts of both the inflammatory activation and anti-inflammatory polarization of macrophages, immune cells responsible for acute inflammation and tissue repair. It is currently unknown whether GCs control macrophage metabolism, and if so, to what extent metabolic regulation by GCs confers anti-inflammatory activity. METHODS Using transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling of macrophages, we identified GC-controlled pathways involved in metabolism, especially in mitochondrial function. RESULTS Metabolic analyses revealed that GCs repress glycolysis in inflammatory myeloid cells and promote tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle flux, promoting succinate metabolism and preventing intracellular accumulation of succinate. Inhibition of ATP synthase attenuated GC-induced transcriptional changes, likely through stalling of TCA cycle anaplerosis. We further identified a glycolytic regulatory transcription factor, HIF1α, as regulated by GCs, and as a key regulator of GC responsiveness during inflammatory challenge. CONCLUSIONS Our findings link metabolism to gene regulation by GCs in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Stifel
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Wolfschmitt
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, and Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Josef Vogt
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, and Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ulrich Wachter
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, and Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sabine Vettorazzi
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel Tews
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Hogg
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, and Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Fabian Zink
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, and Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nora Maria Koll
- Institut fürPhysiologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Sandra Winning
- Institut fürPhysiologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Rémi Mounier
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, Université Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Bénédicte Chazaud
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, Université Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Peter Radermacher
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, and Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Giorgio Caratti
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Jan Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
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41
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Lengton R, Iyer AM, van der Valk ES, Hoogeveen EK, Meijer OC, van der Voorn B, van Rossum EFC. Variation in glucocorticoid sensitivity and the relation with obesity. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13401. [PMID: 34837448 PMCID: PMC9285588 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence points to a relation between increased glucocorticoid (GC) exposure and weight gain. In support, long-term cortisol measurements using hair analysis revealed that many individuals with obesity appear to have cortisol values in the high physiological range. The mechanisms behind this relationship need to be determined in order to develop targeted therapy to reach sustainable weight loss in these subgroups. The effect of GCs is not only determined by the plasma concentration of GCs but also by individual differences in GC sensitivity and the target tissue, which can be analyzed by functional GC assays. GC sensitivity is influenced by multiple genetic and acquired (e.g., disease-related) factors, including intracellular GC availability, hormone binding affinity, and expression levels of the GC receptors and their isoforms, as well as factors involved in the modulation of gene transcription. Interindividual differences in GC sensitivity also play a role in the response to exogenous GCs, with respect to both therapeutic and adverse effects. Accordingly, in this review, we summarize current knowledge on mechanisms that influence GC sensitivity and their relationships with obesity and discuss personalized treatment options targeting the GC receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Lengton
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anand M Iyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eline S van der Valk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen K Hoogeveen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Onno C Meijer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bibian van der Voorn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth F C van Rossum
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Plasma Proteomics in Healthy Subjects with Differences in Tissue Glucocorticoid Sensitivity Identifies A Novel Proteomic Signature. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010184. [PMID: 35052863 PMCID: PMC8773719 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant inter-individual variation in terms of susceptibility to several stress-related disorders, such as myocardial infarction and Alzheimer’s disease, and therapeutic response has been observed among healthy subjects. The molecular features responsible for this phenomenon have not been fully elucidated. Proteomics, in association with bioinformatics analysis, offer a comprehensive description of molecular phenotypes with clear links to human disease pathophysiology. The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative plasma proteomics analysis of glucocorticoid resistant and glucocorticoid sensitive healthy subjects and provide clues of the underlying physiological differences. For this purpose, 101 healthy volunteers were given a very low dose (0.25 mg) of dexamethasone at midnight, and were stratified into the 10% most glucocorticoid sensitive (S) (n = 11) and 10% most glucocorticoid resistant (R) (n = 11) according to the 08:00 h serum cortisol concentrations determined the following morning. One month following the very-low dose dexamethasone suppression test, DNA and plasma samples were collected from the 22 selected individuals. Sequencing analysis did not reveal any genetic defects in the human glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) gene. To investigate the proteomic profile of plasma samples, we used Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and found 110 up-regulated and 66 down-regulated proteins in the S compared to the R group. The majority of the up-regulated proteins in the S group were implicated in platelet activation. To predict response to cortisol prior to administration, a random forest classifier was developed by using the proteomics data in order to distinguish S from R individuals. Apolipoprotein A4 (APOA4) and gelsolin (GSN) were the most important variables in the classification, and warrant further investigation. Our results indicate that a proteomics signature may differentiate the S from the R healthy subjects, and may be useful in clinical practice. In addition, it may provide clues of the underlying molecular mechanisms of the chronic stress-related diseases, including myocardial infarction and Alzheimer’s disease.
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Jeong H, Yoon H, Lee Y, Kim JT, Yang M, Kim G, Jung B, Park SH, Lee CE. SOCS3 Attenuates Dexamethasone-Induced M2 Polarization by Down-Regulation of GILZ via ROS- and p38 MAPK-Dependent Pathways. Immune Netw 2022; 22:e33. [PMID: 36081527 PMCID: PMC9433193 DOI: 10.4110/in.2022.22.e33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) have emerged as potential regulators of macrophage function. We have investigated mechanisms of SOCS3 action on type 2 macrophage (M2) differentiation induced by glucocorticoid using human monocytic cell lines and mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. Treatment of THP1 monocytic cells with dexamethasone (Dex) induced ROS generation and M2 polarization promoting IL-10 and TGF-β production, while suppressing IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 production. SOCS3 over-expression reduced, whereas SOCS3 ablation enhanced IL-10 and TGF-β induction with concomitant regulation of ROS. As a mediator of M2 differentiation, glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) was down-regulated by SOCS3 and up-regulated by shSOCS3. The induction of GILZ and IL-10 by Dex was dependent on ROS and p38 MAPK activity. Importantly, GILZ ablation led to the inhibition of ROS generation and anti-inflammatory cytokine induction by Dex. Moreover, GILZ knock-down negated the up-regulation of IL-10 production induced by shSOCS3 transduction. Our data suggest that SOCS3 targets ROS- and p38-dependent GILZ expression to suppress Dex-induced M2 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Jeong
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Yoon
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Yerin Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Jun Tae Kim
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Moses Yang
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Gayoung Kim
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Bom Jung
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Seok Hee Park
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Choong-Eun Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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Sukhareva EV. The role of the corticotropin-releasing hormone and its receptors in the regulation of stress response. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2021; 25:216-223. [PMID: 34901719 PMCID: PMC8627883 DOI: 10.18699/vj21.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is an essential part of everyday life. The neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH, also
called CRF and corticoliberin) plays a key role in the integration of neuroendocrine, autonomic and behavioral
responses to stress. The activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) by neurons of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN), the primary site of synthesis CRH, triggers stress reactions. In addition to the
hypothalamus, CRH is widespread in extrahypothalamic brain structures, where it functions as a neuromodulator
for coordination and interaction between the humoral and behavioral aspects of a stress response. The axons of
neurons expressing CRH are directed to various structures of the brain, where the neuropeptide interacts with
specific receptors (CRHR1, CRHR2) and can affect various mediator systems that work together to transmit signals
to different brain regions to cause many reactions to stress. Moreover, the effect of stress on brain functions varies
from behavioral adaptation to increased survival and increased risk of developing mental disorders. Disturbances
of the CRH system regulation are directly related to such disorders: mental pathologies (depression, anxiety, addictions), deviations of neuroendocrinological functions, inflammation, as well as the onset and development of
neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. In addition, the role of CRH as a regulator of the neurons
structure in the areas of the developing and mature brain has been established. To date, studies have been conducted in which CRHR1 is a target for antidepressants, which are, in fact, antagonists of this receptor. In this regard,
the study of the participation of the CRH system and its receptors in negative effects on hormone-dependent
systems, as well as the possibility of preventing them, is a promising task of modern physiological genetics. In this
review, attention will be paid to the role of CRH in the regulation of response to stress, as well as to the involvement
of extrahypothalamic CRH in pathophysiology and the correction of mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Sukhareva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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45
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Duncan PJ, Fazli M, Romanò N, Le Tissier P, Bertram R, Shipston MJ. Chronic stress facilitates bursting electrical activity in pituitary corticotrophs. J Physiol 2021; 600:313-332. [PMID: 34855218 DOI: 10.1113/jp282367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordination of an appropriate stress response is dependent upon anterior pituitary corticotroph excitability in response to hypothalamic secretagogues and glucocorticoid negative feedback. A key determinant of corticotroph excitability is large conductance calcium- and voltage-activated (BK) potassium channels that are critical for promoting corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH)-induced bursting that enhances adrenocorticotrophic hormone secretion. Previous studies revealed hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperexcitability following chronic stress (CS) is partly a function of increased corticotroph output. Thus, we hypothesise that chronic stress promotes corticotroph excitability through a BK-dependent mechanism. Corticotrophs from CS mice displayed significant increase in spontaneous bursting, which was suppressed by the BK blocker paxilline. Mathematical modelling reveals that the time constant of BK channel activation, plus properties and proportion of BK channels functionally coupled to L-type Ca2+ channels determines bursting activity. Surprisingly, CS corticotrophs (but not unstressed) display CRH-induced bursting even when the majority of BK channels are inhibited by paxilline, which modelling suggests is a consequence of the stochastic behaviour of a small number of BK channels coupled to L-type Ca2+ channels. Our data reveal that changes in the stochastic behaviour of a small number of BK channels can finely tune corticotroph excitability through stress-induced changes in BK channel properties. Importantly, regulation of BK channel function is highly context dependent allowing dynamic control of corticotroph excitability over a large range of time domains and physiological challenges in health and disease. This is likely to occur in other BK-expressing endocrine cells, with important implications for the physiological processes they regulate and the potential for therapy. KEY POINTS: Chronic stress (CS) is predicted to modify the electrical excitability of anterior pituitary corticotrophs. Electrophysiological recordings from isolated corticotrophs from CS male mice display spontaneous electrical bursting behaviour compared to the tonic spiking behaviour of unstressed corticotrophs. The increased spontaneous bursting from CS corticotrophs is BK-dependent and mathematical modelling reveals that the time constant of activation, properties and proportion of BK channels functionally coupled to L-type calcium channels determines the promotion of bursting activity. CS (but not unstressed) corticotrophs display corticotrophin-releasing hormone-induced bursting even when the majority of BK channels are pharmacologically inhibited, which can be explained by the stochastic behaviour of a small number of BK channels with distinct properties. Corticotroph excitability can be finely tuned by the stochastic behaviour of a small number of BK channels dependent on their properties and functional co-localisation with L-type calcium channels to control corticotroph excitability over diverse time domains and physiological challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Duncan
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mehran Fazli
- Department of Mathematics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Nicola Romanò
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paul Le Tissier
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Richard Bertram
- Department of Mathematics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Programs in Neuroscience and Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Michael J Shipston
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Pérez P. The mineralocorticoid receptor in skin disease. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:3178-3189. [PMID: 34788475 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mineralocorticoid Receptor (MR or NR3C2) is expressed in all cell types of the different skin compartments and can be bound and activated by glucocorticoids (GCs) with higher affinity than its closely related glucocorticoid (GC) receptor (GR or NR3C1). As both corticosteroid receptors co-express in skin, and considering the therapeutic relevance of GCs to combat skin inflammatory diseases, it was proposed that several of the major side-effects of topical GCs such as skin atrophy and delayed wound healing were due to unintended activation of the MR. Indeed, cutaneous MR blockade using genetic and pharmacological approaches in mice and human reduced the GC-associated skin atrophy in conditions of endogenous and pharmacological GC excess. While data support the safety of topical MR antagonists combined with GCs, it is crucial to address the efficacy of treatment in skin inflammatory conditions and its impact on the overall metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Pérez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV)-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
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NR3C1 Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with Membranous and IgA Nephropathies. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113186. [PMID: 34831409 PMCID: PMC8625873 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Glomerular diseases (GNs) are responsible for approximately 20% of chronic kidney diseases. Glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are implicated in differences in predisposition to autoimmunity and steroid sensitivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of the NR3C1 SNPs—rs6198, rs41423247 and rs17209237—in 72 IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and 38 membranous nephropathy (MN) patients compared to 175 healthy controls and to correlate the effectiveness of treatment in IgAN and MN groups defined as a reduction of proteinuria <1 g/24 h after 12 months of treatment. Real-time polymerase chain reactions and SNP array-based typing were used. We found significant rs41423247 association with MN (p = 0.026); a significant association of rs17209237 with eGFR reduction after follow-up period in all patients with GNs (p = 0.021) and with the degree of proteinuria after 1 year of therapy in all patients with a glomerulopathy (p = 0.013) and IgAN (p = 0.021); and in the same groups treated with steroids (p = 0.021; p = 0.012). We also observed the association between rs41423247 and IgAN histopathologic findings (p = 0.012). In conclusion, our results indicate that NR3C1 polymorphisms may influence treatment susceptibility and clinical outcome in IgAN and MN.
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Antihistamines Potentiate Dexamethasone Anti-Inflammatory Effects. Impact on Glucocorticoid Receptor-Mediated Expression of Inflammation-Related Genes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113026. [PMID: 34831249 PMCID: PMC8617649 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antihistamines and glucocorticoids (GCs) are often used together in the clinic to treat several inflammation-related situations. Although there is no rationale for this association, clinical practice has assumed that, due to their concomitant anti-inflammatory effects, there should be an intrinsic benefit to their co-administration. In this work, we evaluated the effects of the co-treatment of several antihistamines on dexamethasone-induced glucocorticoid receptor transcriptional activity on the expression of various inflammation-related genes in A549 and U937 cell lines. Our results show that all antihistamines potentiate GCs' anti-inflammatory effects, presenting ligand-, cell- and gene-dependent effects. Given that treatment with GCs has strong adverse effects, particularly on bone metabolism, we also examined the impact of antihistamine co-treatment on the expression of bone metabolism markers. Using MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblastic cells, we observed that, though the antihistamine azelastine reduces the expression of dexamethasone-induced bone loss molecular markers, it potentiates osteoblast apoptosis. Our results suggest that the synergistic effect could contribute to reducing GC clinical doses, ineffective by itself but effective in combination with an antihistamine. This could result in a therapeutic advantage, as the addition of an antihistamine may reinforce the wanted effects of GCs, while related adverse effects could be diminished or at least mitigated. By modulating the patterns of gene activation/repression mediated by GR, antihistamines could enhance only the desired effects of GCs, allowing their effective dose to be reduced. Further research is needed to correctly determine the clinical scope, benefits, and potential risks of this therapeutic strategy.
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49
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Choi SI, Kwon HY, Han X, Men X, Choi YE, Jang GW, Park KT, Han J, Lee OH. Environmental obesogens (bisphenols, phthalates and parabens) and their impacts on adipogenic transcription factors in the absence of dexamethasone in 3T3-L1 cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 214:105994. [PMID: 34481040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous compounds that are capable of blocking or mimicking the action of bioidentical hormones. Obesogenic EDCs, commonly called obesogens, play an important role in adipogenesis. This study was carried out to determine the effects of select obesogens and their alternatives on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells under dexamethasone (DEX)-free conditions. Preadipocytes were treated with a cocktail of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) and insulin to which an obesogen (viz., bisphenol A (BPA) or its analogs BPS and BPF; dioctyl terephthalate; tris (2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate; or various parabens) had been added. A mixture containing IBMX, insulin, and DEX, which constitute the typical hormonal cocktail required for adipocyte differentiation, was used as the control against which the other groups were measured. The obesogens and the PBA analogs all had evident adipogenic effects under DEX-free conditions, as was determined by estimating the lipid accumulation levels in the cells using Oil Red O staining. Furthermore, the expression of adipogenic transcription factors (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-alpha, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, and adipocyte protein 2) was induced by 20 μM of BPA, BPS, or BPF at both the mRNA and protein levels, as determined through reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot assays. Taken together, the results reveal that adipocyte differentiation can be induced by obesogens and their alternatives in the absence of DEX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Il Choi
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Yeon Kwon
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Xionggao Han
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiao Men
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Eun Choi
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Gill-Woong Jang
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Tae Park
- MilaeBio Resources Co., Ltd., Seoul, 05836, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkwon Han
- MilaeBio Resources Co., Ltd., Seoul, 05836, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Hwan Lee
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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50
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Kempter E, Amoroso M, Duffner HL, Werner AM, Langgartner D, Kupfer S, Reber SO. Changes in Functional Glucocorticoid Sensitivity of Isolated Splenocytes Induced by Chronic Psychosocial Stress - A Time Course Study. Front Immunol 2021; 12:753822. [PMID: 34675935 PMCID: PMC8523951 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.753822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic psychosocial stress is a risk factor for the development of numerous disorders, of which most are associated with chronic low-grade inflammation. Given the immunosuppressive effects of glucocorticoids (GC), one underlying mechanism might be the development of stress-induced GC resistance in certain immune cell subpopulations. In line with this hypothesis, male mice exposed to the chronic subordinate colony housing (CSC, 19 days) model develop GC resistance of in vitro lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated splenocytes, splenomegaly and an increased percentage of splenic CD11b+ cells. Here male C57BL/6N mice were euthanized at different days during CSC, and following 30 days of single housing after stressor termination to assess when CSC-induced splenic GC resistance starts to develop and whether this is a transient effect. Moreover, splenic CD11b, GC receptor (GR) and/or macrophage migration inhibiting factor (MIF) protein levels were quantified at respective days. While mild forms of CSC-induced GC resistance, increased splenic CD11b expression and/or splenomegaly were detectable on days 8 and 9 of CSC, more severe forms took until days 15 and 16 to develop, but normalized almost completely within 30 days following stressor termination (day 51). In contrast, splenic GR expression was decreased in CSC versus single-housed control (SHC) mice at all days assessed. While MIF expression was increased on days 15 and 16 of CSC, it was decreased in CSC versus SHC mice on day 20 despite persisting splenomegaly, increased CD11b expression and functional GC resistance. In summary, our data indicate that GC resistance and CD11b+ cell-mediated splenomegaly develop gradually and in parallel over time during CSC exposure and are transient in nature. Moreover, while we can exclude that CSC-induced reduction in splenic GR expression is sufficient to induce functional GC resistance, the role of MIF in CD11b+ cell-mediated splenomegaly and GC resistance requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kempter
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mattia Amoroso
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hannah L Duffner
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andrea M Werner
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dominik Langgartner
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sandra Kupfer
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan O Reber
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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