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Ye C, Zhang TZ, Zang YY, Shi YS, Wan G. TMEM63B regulates postnatal development of cochlear sensory epithelia via thyroid hormone signaling. J Genet Genomics 2024; 51:673-676. [PMID: 38157934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210032, China
| | - Tian-Zi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210032, China
| | - Yan-Yu Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210032, China
| | - Yun Stone Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210032, China; Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519031, China.
| | - Guoqiang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210032, China.
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2
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Yu C, He Y, Liu Q, Qian X, Gao X, Yang D, Yang Y, Wan G. Thyroid hormone controls the timing of cochlear ribbon synapse maturation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 704:149704. [PMID: 38430700 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Ribbon synapses in the cochlear hair cells are subject to extensive pruning and maturation processes before hearing onset. Previous studies have highlighted the pivotal role of thyroid hormone (TH) in this developmental process, yet the detailed mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, we found that the thyroid hormone receptor α (Thrα) is expressed in both sensory epithelium and spiral ganglion neurons in mice. Hypothyroidism, induced by Pax8 gene knockout, significantly delays the synaptic pruning during postnatal development in mice. Detailed spatiotemporal analysis of ribbon synapse distribution reveals that synaptic maturation involves not only ribbon pruning but also their migration, both of which are notably delayed in the cochlea of Pax8 knockout mice. Intriguingly, postnatal hyperthyroidism, induced by intraperitoneal injections of liothyronine sodium (T3), accelerates the pruning of ribbon synapses to the mature state without affecting the auditory functions. Our findings suggest that thyroid hormone does not play a deterministic role but rather controls the timing of cochlear ribbon synapse maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaorong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of China, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Yihan He
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of China, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of China, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China; Research Institute of Otolaryngology, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Xiaoyun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China; Research Institute of Otolaryngology, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Xia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China; Research Institute of Otolaryngology, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Deye Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China.
| | - Ye Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China; Research Institute of Otolaryngology, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210061, China.
| | - Guoqiang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of China, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China; Research Institute of Otolaryngology, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210061, China.
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Abstract
In recent years, the impact of prenatal sound on development, notably for programming individual phenotypes for postnatal conditions, has increasingly been revealed. However, the mechanisms through which sound affects physiology and development remain mostly unexplored. Here, I gather evidence from neurobiology, developmental biology, cellular biology and bioacoustics to identify the most plausible modes of action of sound on developing embryos. First, revealing often-unsuspected plasticity, I discuss how prenatal sound may shape auditory system development and determine individuals' later capacity to receive acoustic information. I also consider the impact of hormones, including thyroid hormones, glucocorticoids and androgen, on auditory plasticity. Second, I review what is known about sound transduction to other - non-auditory - brain regions, and its potential to input on classical developmental programming pathways. Namely, the auditory pathway has direct anatomical and functional connectivity to the hippocampus, amygdala and/or hypothalamus, in mammals, birds and anurans. Sound can thus trigger both immediate and delayed responses in these limbic regions, which are specific to the acoustic stimulus and its biological relevance. Third, beyond the brain, I briefly consider the possibility for sound to directly affect cellular functioning, based on evidence in earless organisms (e.g. plants) and cell cultures. Together, the multi-disciplinary evidence gathered here shows that the brain is wired to allow multiple physiological and developmental effects of sound. Overall, there are many unexplored, but possible, pathways for sound to impact even primitive or immature organisms. Throughout, I identify the most promising research avenues for unravelling the processes of acoustic developmental programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylene M Mariette
- Doñana Biological Station EBD-CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
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Cho YW, Fu Y, Huang CCJ, Wu X, Ng L, Kelley KA, Vella KR, Berg AH, Hollenberg AN, Liu H, Forrest D. Thyroid hormone-regulated chromatin landscape and transcriptional sensitivity of the pituitary gland. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1253. [PMID: 38081939 PMCID: PMC10713718 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05546-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (3,5,3'-triiodothyronine, T3) is a key regulator of pituitary gland function. The response to T3 is thought to hinge crucially on interactions of nuclear T3 receptors with enhancers but these sites in pituitary chromatin remain surprisingly obscure. Here, we investigate genome-wide receptor binding in mice using tagged endogenous thyroid hormone receptor β (TRβ) and analyze T3-regulated open chromatin using an anterior pituitary-specific Cre driver (Thrbb2Cre). Strikingly, T3 regulates histone modifications and chromatin opening primarily at sites that maintain TRβ binding regardless of T3 levels rather than at sites where T3 abolishes or induces de novo binding. These sites associate more frequently with T3-activated than T3-suppressed genes. TRβ-deficiency blunts T3-regulated gene expression, indicating that TRβ confers transcriptional sensitivity. We propose a model of gene activation in which poised receptor-enhancer complexes facilitate adjustable responses to T3 fluctuations, suggesting a genomic basis for T3-dependent pituitary function or pituitary dysfunction in thyroid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Wook Cho
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yulong Fu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Chen-Che Jeff Huang
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lily Ng
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kevin A Kelley
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Kristen R Vella
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Weill Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Anders H Berg
- Department of Pathology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA
| | - Anthony N Hollenberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Weill Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Hong Liu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Douglas Forrest
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Brent GA. A Historical Reflection on Scientific Advances in Understanding Thyroid Hormone Action. Thyroid 2023; 33:1140-1149. [PMID: 37594753 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2022.0636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Background: Thyroid hormone (TH) has actions in every tissue of the body and is essential for normal development, as well as having important actions in the adult. The earliest markers of TH action that were identified and monitored clinically, even before TH could be measured in serum, included oxygen consumption, basal metabolic rate, serum cholesterol, and deep tendon reflex time. Cellular, rodent, amphibian, zebrafish, and human models have been used to study TH action. Summary: Early studies of the mechanism of TH action focused on saturable-specific triiodothyronine (T3) nuclear binding and direct actions of T3 that altered protein expression. Additional effects of TH were recognized on mitochondria, stimulation of ion transport, especially the sodium potassium ATPase, augmentation of adrenergic signaling, role as a neurotransmitter, and direct plasma membrane effects. The cloning of the thyroid hormone receptor (THR) genes in 1986 and report of the THR crystal structure in 1995 produced rapid progress in understanding the mechanism of TH nuclear action, as well as the development of modified THR ligands. These findings revealed nuances of TH signaling, including the role of nuclear receptor coactivators and corepressors, repression of positively stimulated genes by the unliganded receptor, THR isoform-specific actions of TRα (THRA) and TRβ (THRB), and THR binding DNA as a heterodimer with retinoid-x-receptor (RXR) for genes positively regulated by TH. The identification of genetic disorders of TH transport and signaling, especially Resistance to Thyroid Hormone (RTH) and monocarboxylate transporter 8 (Mct8) defects, has been highly informative with respect to the mechanism of TH action. Conclusions: The impact of THR isoform, post-translational modifications, receptor cofactors, DNA response element, and selective TH tissue uptake, on TH action, have clinical implications for diagnosing and treating thyroid disease. Additionally, these findings have led to the development of novel TH and TH analogue therapies for metabolic, neurological, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Brent
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Abstract
Iodine, through the thyroid hormones, is required for the development of the auditory cortex and cochlea (the sensory organ for hearing). Deafness is a well-documented feature of endemic cretinism resulting from severe iodine deficiency. However, the range of effects of suboptimal iodine intake during auditory development on the hearing ability of children is less clear. We therefore aimed to systematically review the evidence for the association between iodine exposure (i.e. intake/status/supplementation) during development (i.e. pregnancy and/or childhood) and hearing outcomes in children. We searched PubMed and Embase and identified 330 studies, of which thirteen were included in this review. Only three of the thirteen studies were of low risk of bias or of good quality, this therefore limited our ability to draw firm conclusions. Nine of the studies (69 %) were in children (one RCT, two non-RCT interventions and six cross-sectional studies) and four (31 %) were in pregnant women (one RCT, one cohort study and two case reports). The RCT of iodine supplementation in mildly iodine-deficient pregnant women found no effect on offspring hearing thresholds. However, hearing was a secondary outcome of the trial and not all women were from an iodine-deficient area. Iodine supplementation of severely iodine-deficient children (in both non-RCT interventions) resulted in improved hearing thresholds. Five of six cross-sectional studies (83 %) found that higher iodine status in children was associated with better hearing. The current evidence base for the association between iodine status and hearing outcomes is limited and further good-quality research on this topic is needed.
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Impaired tectorial membrane and ribbon synapse maturation in the cochlea of mice with congenital hypothyroidism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 655:68-74. [PMID: 36933309 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone deficiency can lead to abnormal auditory development of varying severity. Retardation of morphological development, including delays in degeneration of Kölliker's organ and subsequent delayed formation of the inner sulcus, along with delayed opening of the tunnel of Corti and malformation of the tectorial membrane, was consistently observed in an antithyroid drug-induced congenital hypothyroidism rodent model. Abnormal morphological development could partly explain impaired adult auditory function. However, whether the development of inner hair cell ribbon synapses is influenced by hypothyroidism remains unclear. In the present study, we characterize the normal degeneration pattern of Kölliker's organ along the basal-to-apical axis. Then, we verified the retardation of morphological development in congenital hypothyroid mice. Using this model, we found that twisted collagen is present in the major tectorial membrane and delayed separation from supporting cells affects the minor tectorial membrane. Finally, we found that the number of synaptic ribbons was not significantly altered but the ribbon synapse maturation process was significantly impaired in congenital hypothyroid mice. We conclude that thyroid hormone is involved in structural development of the tectorial membrane and the ribbon synapse maturation process.
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Baluta S, Romaniec M, Halicka-Stępień K, Alicka M, Pieła A, Pala K, Cabaj J. A Novel Strategy for Selective Thyroid Hormone Determination Based on an Electrochemical Biosensor with Graphene Nanocomposite. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:602. [PMID: 36679398 PMCID: PMC9861372 DOI: 10.3390/s23020602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a novel and selective electrochemical bioassay with antibody and laccase for the determination of free thyroid hormone (free triiodothyronine, fT3). The biosensor was based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with a Fe3O4@graphene nanocomposite with semiconducting properties, an antibody (anti-PDIA3) with high affinity for fT3, and laccase, which was responsible for catalyzing the redox reaction of fT3. The electrode modification procedure was investigated using a cyclic voltammetry technique, based on the response of the peak current after modifications. All characteristic working parameters of the developed biosensor were analyzed using differential pulse voltammetry. Obtained experimental results showed that the biosensor revealed a sensitive response to fT3 in a concentration range of 10-200 µM, a detection limit equal to 27 nM, and a limit of quantification equal to 45.9 nM. Additionally, the constructed biosensor was selective towards fT3, even in the presence of interference substances: ascorbic acid, tyrosine, and levothyroxine, and was applied for the analysis of fT3 in synthetic serum samples with excellent recovery results. The designed biosensor also exhibited good stability and can find application in future medical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Baluta
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marta Romaniec
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kinga Halicka-Stępień
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michalina Alicka
- Food4Future Technologies Sp. z o.o., ul. Tarasa Szewczenki 24, 51-351 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Pieła
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pala
- Food4Future Technologies Sp. z o.o., ul. Tarasa Szewczenki 24, 51-351 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Cabaj
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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King L, Wang Q, Xia L, Wang P, Jiang G, Li W, Huang Y, Liang X, Peng X, Li Y, Chen L, Liu L. Environmental exposure to perchlorate, nitrate and thiocyanate, and thyroid function in Chinese adults: A community-based cross-sectional study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 171:107713. [PMID: 36565572 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on environmental exposure to perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate, three thyroidal sodium iodine symporter (NIS) inhibitors, and thyroid function in the Chinese population remains limited. OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations of environmental exposure to perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate with markers of thyroid function in Chinese adults. METHODS A total of 2441 non-pregnant adults (mean age 50.4 years and 39.1% male) with a median urinary iodine of 180.1 μg/L from four communities in Shenzhen were included in this cross-sectional study. Urinary perchlorate, nitrate, thiocyanate, and thyroid profiles, including serum free thyroxine (FT4), total thyroxine (TT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), total triiodothyronine (TT3), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), were measured. Generalized linear model was applied to investigate the single-analyte associations. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models were used to examine the association between the co-occurrence of three anions and thyroid profile. RESULTS The median levels of urinary perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate were 5.8 μg/g, 76.4 mg/g, and 274.1 μg/g, respectively. After adjusting for confounders, higher urinary perchlorate was associated with lower serum FT4, TT4, and TT3, and higher serum FT3 and TSH (all P < 0.05). Comparing extreme tertiles, subjects in the highest nitrate tertile had marginally elevated TT3 (β: 0.02, 95% CI: 0.00-0.04). Each 1-unit increase in log-transformed urinary thiocyanate was associated with a 0.04 (95% CI: 0.02-0.06) pmol/L decrease in serum FT3. The WQS indices were inversely associated with serum FT4, TT4, and FT3 (all P < 0.05). In the BKMR model, the mixture of three anions was inversely associated with serum FT4, TT4, and FT3. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence that individual and combined environmental exposure to perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate are associated with significant changes in thyroid function markers in the Chinese population with adequate iodine intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei King
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Xia
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guanhua Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wanyi Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoling Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolin Peng
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yonggang Li
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Liangkai Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Liegang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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10
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Chen J, Gao D, Sun L, Yang J. Kölliker’s organ-supporting cells and cochlear auditory development. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1031989. [PMID: 36304996 PMCID: PMC9592740 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1031989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Kölliker’s organ is a transient cellular cluster structure in the development of the mammalian cochlea. It gradually degenerates from embryonic columnar cells to cuboidal cells in the internal sulcus at postnatal day 12 (P12)–P14, with the cochlea maturing when the degeneration of supporting cells in the Kölliker’s organ is complete, which is distinct from humans because it disappears at birth already. The supporting cells in the Kölliker’s organ play a key role during this critical period of auditory development. Spontaneous release of ATP induces an increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels in inner hair cells in a paracrine form via intercellular gap junction protein hemichannels. The Ca2+ further induces the release of the neurotransmitter glutamate from the synaptic vesicles of the inner hair cells, which subsequently excite afferent nerve fibers. In this way, the supporting cells in the Kölliker’s organ transmit temporal and spatial information relevant to cochlear development to the hair cells, promoting fine-tuned connections at the synapses in the auditory pathway, thus facilitating cochlear maturation and auditory acquisition. The Kölliker’s organ plays a crucial role in such a scenario. In this article, we review the morphological changes, biological functions, degeneration, possible trans-differentiation of cochlear hair cells, and potential molecular mechanisms of supporting cells in the Kölliker’s organ during the auditory development in mammals, as well as future research perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Ear Science, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology and Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dekun Gao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Ear Science, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology and Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianhua Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Ear Science, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology and Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lianhua Sun Jun Yang
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Ear Science, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology and Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lianhua Sun Jun Yang
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11
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Fan L, Kishore A, Jansen-Olliges L, Wang D, Stahl F, Psathaki OE, Harre J, Warnecke A, Weder J, Preller M, Zeilinger C. Identification of a Thyroid Hormone Binding Site in Hsp90 with Implications for Its Interaction with Thyroid Hormone Receptor Beta. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:28932-28945. [PMID: 36033668 PMCID: PMC9404468 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
While many proteins are known clients of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), it is unclear whether the transcription factor, thyroid hormone receptor beta (TRb), interacts with Hsp90 to control hormonal perception and signaling. Higher Hsp90 expression in mouse fibroblasts was elicited by the addition of triiodothyronine (T3). T3 bound to Hsp90 and enhanced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding of Hsp90 due to a specific binding site for T3, as identified by molecular docking experiments. The binding of TRb to Hsp90 was prevented by T3 or by the thyroid mimetic sobetirome. Purified recombinant TRb trapped Hsp90 from cell lysate or purified Hsp90 in pull-down experiments. The affinity of Hsp90 for TRb was 124 nM. Furthermore, T3 induced the release of bound TRb from Hsp90, which was shown by streptavidin-conjugated quantum dot (SAv-QD) masking assay. The data indicate that the T3 interaction with TRb and Hsp90 may be an amplifier of the cellular stress response by blocking Hsp90 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Fan
- BMWZ
(Zentrum für Biomolekulare Wirkstoffe), Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz University of Hannover, Hannover 30167, Germany
- Clinic
for Otorhinolaryngology Surgery, Hannover
Medical School (MHH), Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Anusha Kishore
- BMWZ
(Zentrum für Biomolekulare Wirkstoffe), Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz University of Hannover, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - Linda Jansen-Olliges
- BMWZ
(Zentrum für Biomolekulare Wirkstoffe), Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz University of Hannover, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - Dahua Wang
- BMWZ
(Zentrum für Biomolekulare Wirkstoffe), Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz University of Hannover, Hannover 30167, Germany
- Clinic
for Otorhinolaryngology Surgery, Hannover
Medical School (MHH), Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Frank Stahl
- Institut
für Technische Chemie, Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz
University of Hannover, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - Olympia Ekaterini Psathaki
- Center
of Cellular Nanoanalytics, Integrated Bioimaging Facility, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück 49076, Germany
| | - Jennifer Harre
- Clinic
for Otorhinolaryngology Surgery, Hannover
Medical School (MHH), Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Athanasia Warnecke
- Clinic
for Otorhinolaryngology Surgery, Hannover
Medical School (MHH), Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Julia Weder
- Institute
for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical
School, Carl-Neuberg-Straβe
1, Hannover 30625, Germany
- Institute
for Functional Gene Analytics (IFGA), Department of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, Von-Liebig-Str. 20, Rheinbach 53359, Germany
| | - Matthias Preller
- Institute
for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical
School, Carl-Neuberg-Straβe
1, Hannover 30625, Germany
- Institute
for Functional Gene Analytics (IFGA), Department of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, Von-Liebig-Str. 20, Rheinbach 53359, Germany
| | - Carsten Zeilinger
- BMWZ
(Zentrum für Biomolekulare Wirkstoffe), Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz University of Hannover, Hannover 30167, Germany
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12
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Affortit C, Blanc F, Nasr J, Ceccato JC, Markossian S, Guyot R, Puel JL, Flamant F, Wang J. A disease-associated mutation in thyroid hormone receptor α1 causes hearing loss and sensory hair cell patterning defects in mice. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabj4583. [PMID: 35700264 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abj4583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to thyroid hormone due to mutations in THRA, which encodes the thyroid hormone receptor α (TRα1), shows variable clinical presentation. Mutations affecting TRβ1 and TRβ2 cause deafness in mice and have been associated with deafness in humans. To test whether TRα1 also affects hearing function, we used mice heterozygous for a frameshift mutation in Thra that is similar to human THRA mutations (ThraS1/+ mice) and reduces tissue sensitivity to thyroid hormone. Compared to wild-type littermates, ThraS1/+ mice showed moderate high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss as juveniles and increased age-related hearing loss. Ultrastructural examination revealed aberrant orientation of ~20% of sensory outer hair cells (OHCs), as well as increased numbers of mitochondria with fragmented morphology and autophagic vacuoles in both OHCs and auditory nerve fibers. Molecular dissection of the OHC lateral wall components revealed that the potassium ion channel Kcnq4 was aberrantly targeted to the cytoplasm of mutant OHCs. In addition, mutant cochleae showed increased oxidative stress, autophagy, and mitophagy associated with greater age-related cochlear cell damage, demonstrating that TRα1 is required for proper development of OHCs and for maintenance of OHC function. These findings suggest that patients with THRA mutations may present underdiagnosed, mild hearing loss and may be more susceptible to age-related hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Affortit
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), University Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabian Blanc
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), University Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jamal Nasr
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), University Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Charles Ceccato
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), University Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Suzy Markossian
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), INRAE USC1370, CNRS (UMR5242), ENS, Lyon, France
| | - Romain Guyot
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), INRAE USC1370, CNRS (UMR5242), ENS, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Luc Puel
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), University Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Flamant
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), INRAE USC1370, CNRS (UMR5242), ENS, Lyon, France
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), University Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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13
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Hu Y, Lauffer P, Stewart M, Codner G, Mayerl S, Heuer H, Ng L, Forrest D, Trotsenburg P, Jongejan A, Fliers E, Hennekam R, Boelen A. An animal model for Pierpont syndrome; a mouse bearing the Tbl1xr1Y446C/Y446C mutation. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:2951-2963. [PMID: 35416977 PMCID: PMC9433735 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pierpont syndrome is a rare disorder characterized mainly by global developmental delay, unusual facial features, altered fat distribution in the limbs and hearing loss. A specific mutation (p.Tyr446Cys) in TBL1XR1, encoding a WD40 repeat-containing protein, which is a component of the SMRT/NCoR (silencing mediator retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors/nuclear receptor corepressors), has been reported as the genetic cause of Pierpont syndrome. Here, we used CRISPR-cas9 technology to generate a mutant mouse with the Y446C mutation in Tbl1xr1, which is also present in Pierpont syndrome. Several aspects of the phenotype were studied in the mutant mice: growth, body composition, hearing, motor behavior, thyroid hormone state and lipid and glucose metabolism. The mutant mice (Tbl1xr1Y446C/Y446C) displayed delayed growth, altered body composition with increased relative lean mass and impaired hearing. Expression of several genes involved in fatty acid metabolism differed in white adipose tissue, but not in liver or muscle of mutant mice compared to wild-type mice (Tbl1xr1+/+). No difference in thyroid hormone plasma concentrations was observed. Tbl1xr1Y446C/Y446C mice can be used as a model for distinct features of Pierpont syndrome, which will enable future studies on the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the various phenotypic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Hu
- Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Lauffer
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michelle Stewart
- The Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Gemma Codner
- The Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Steffen Mayerl
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Heike Heuer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lily Ng
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Douglas Forrest
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Paul Trotsenburg
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aldo Jongejan
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health, Methodology Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Fliers
- Department of Endocrinology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Raoul Hennekam
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anita Boelen
- Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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14
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Borse V, Kaur T, Hinton A, Ohlemiller K, Warchol ME. Programmed Cell Death Recruits Macrophages Into the Developing Mouse Cochlea. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:777836. [PMID: 34957108 PMCID: PMC8696258 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.777836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) plays a critical role in the development and maturation of the cochlea. Significant remodeling occurs among cells of the greater epithelial ridge (GER) of Kölliker’s organ, leading to tissue regression and formation of the inner sulcus. In mice, this event normally occurs between postnatal days 5–15 (P5-15) and is regulated by thyroid hormone (T3). During this developmental time period, the cochlea also contains a large population of macrophages. Macrophages are frequently involved in the phagocytic clearance of dead cells, both during development and after injury, but the role of macrophages in the developing cochlea is unknown. This study examined the link between developmental cell death in the GER and the recruitment of macrophages into this region. Cell death in the basal GER begins at P5 and enhanced numbers of macrophages were observed at P7. This pattern of macrophage recruitment was unchanged in mice that were genetically deficient for CX3CR1, the receptor for fractalkine (a known macrophage chemoattractant). We found that injection of T3 at P0 and P1 caused GER cell death to begin at P3, and this premature PCD was accompanied by earlier recruitment of macrophages. We further found that depletion of macrophages from the developing cochlea (using CX3CR1DTR/+ mice and treatment with the CSF1R antagonist BLZ945) had no effect on the pattern of GER regression. Together, these findings suggest that macrophages are recruited into the GER region after initiation of developmental PCD, but that they are not essential for GER regression during cochlear remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant Borse
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Tejbeer Kaur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Ashley Hinton
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Kevin Ohlemiller
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Mark E Warchol
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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15
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Ng L, Liu Y, Liu H, Forrest D. Cochlear Fibrocyte and Osteoblast Lineages Expressing Type 2 Deiodinase Identified with a Dio2CreERt2 Allele. Endocrinology 2021; 162:bqab179. [PMID: 34436572 PMCID: PMC8475715 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 deiodinase (Dio2) amplifies levels of 3,5,3'-L-triiodothyronine (T3), the active form of thyroid hormone, and is essential for cochlear maturation and auditory development. However, cellular routes for endocrine signaling in the compartmentalized, anatomically complex cochlea are little understood. Dio2 generates T3 from thyroxine (T4), a more abundant thyroid hormone precursor in the circulation, and is dramatically induced in the cochlea before the onset of hearing. The evidence implies that specific Dio2-expressing cell types critically mediate T3 signaling but these cell types are poorly defined because Dio2 is expressed transiently at low levels. Here, using a Dio2CreERt2 knockin that activates a fluorescent reporter, we define Dio2-expressing cochlear cell types at high resolution in male or female mice. Dio2-positive cells were detected in vascularized supporting tissues but not in avascular internal epithelia, indicating segregation of T3-generating and T3-responding tissues. In the spiral ligament and spiral limbus, Dio2-positive fibrocytes clustered around vascular networks that convey T4 into cochlear tissues. In the otic capsule, Dio2-positive osteoblasts localized at cartilage surfaces as the bony labyrinth matures. We corroborated the identities of Dio2-positive lineages by RNA-sequencing of individual cells. The results suggest a previously unrecognized role for fibrocytes in mediating hormonal signaling. We discuss a model whereby fibrocytes mediate paracrine-like control of T3 signaling to the organ of Corti and epithelial target tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Ng
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ye Liu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hong Liu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Douglas Forrest
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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16
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Yu C, Gao HM, Wan G. Macrophages Are Dispensable for Postnatal Pruning of the Cochlear Ribbon Synapses. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:736120. [PMID: 34744631 PMCID: PMC8566810 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.736120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribbon synapses of cochlear hair cells undergo pruning and maturation before the hearing onset. In the central nervous system (CNS), synaptic pruning was mediated by microglia, the brain-resident macrophages, via activation of the complement system. Whether a similar mechanism regulates ribbon synapse pruning is currently unknown. In this study, we report that the densities of cochlear macrophages surrounding hair cells were highest at around P8, corresponding well to the completion of ribbon synaptic pruning by P8–P9. Surprisingly, using multiple genetic mouse models, we found that postnatal pruning of the ribbon synapses and auditory functions were unaffected by the knockout of the complement receptor 3 (CR3) or by ablations of macrophages expressing either LysM or Cx3cr1. Our results suggest that unlike microglia in the CNS, macrophages in the cochlea do not mediate pruning of the cochlear ribbon synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaorong Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui-Ming Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoqiang Wan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing, China
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17
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Andrade CLO, Alves CDAD, Ramos HE. Congenital Hypothyroidism and the Deleterious Effects on Auditory Function and Language Skills: A Narrative Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:671784. [PMID: 34447350 PMCID: PMC8382885 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.671784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is an endocrine disease commonly found in newborns and is related to the absence or reduction of thyroid hormones (THs), which are essential for development since intrauterine life. Children with CH can develop hearing problems as THs are crucial for the auditory pathway's development and maturation. Sensory deprivations, especially in hearing disorders at early ages of development, can impair language skills, literacy, and behavioral, cognitive, social, and psychosocial development. In this review we describe clinical and molecular aspects linking CH and hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Helton Estrela Ramos
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Medical School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Interactive Processes of Organs and Systems, Health & Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Bioregulation Department, Health and Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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18
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Hernandez A, Martinez ME, Ng L, Forrest D. Thyroid Hormone Deiodinases: Dynamic Switches in Developmental Transitions. Endocrinology 2021; 162:bqab091. [PMID: 33963379 PMCID: PMC8248586 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones exert pleiotropic, essential actions in mammalian, including human, development. These actions depend on provision of thyroid hormones in the circulation but also to a remarkable extent on deiodinase enzymes in target tissues that amplify or deplete the local concentration of the primary active form of the hormone T3 (3,5,3'-triiodothyronine), the high affinity ligand for thyroid hormone receptors. Genetic analyses in mice have revealed key roles for activating (DIO2) and inactivating (DIO3) deiodinases in cell differentiation fates and tissue maturation, ultimately promoting neonatal viability, growth, fertility, brain development, and behavior, as well as metabolic, endocrine, and sensory functions. An emerging paradigm is how the opposing activities of DIO2 and DIO3 are coordinated, providing a dynamic switch that controls the developmental timing of a tissue response, often during neonatal and maturational transitions. A second paradigm is how cell to cell communication within a tissue determines the response to T3. Deiodinases in specific cell types, often strategically located near to blood vessels that convey thyroid hormones into the tissue, can regulate neighboring cell types, suggesting a paracrine-like layer of control of T3 action. We discuss deiodinases as switches for developmental transitions and their potential to influence tissue dysfunction in human thyroid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Hernandez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Health, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA
| | - M Elena Martinez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Health, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA
| | - Lily Ng
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Douglas Forrest
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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19
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Zhang K, Fried J, Nguyen SA, Meyer TA, White DR. Dysfunction of the Auditory System in Children With Hypothyroidism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Ear Hear 2021; 43:23-31. [PMID: 34282088 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000001082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the prevalence of hearing impairment in children with hypothyroidism, and to characterize clinical and subclinical hearing loss by examining cochlear function, auditory brainstem pathways, and integration of the auditory system as a whole. DESIGN An electronic search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases. This systematic review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Original observational studies that utilized audiological tests for auditory system evaluations in hypothyroidism were included. A total of 2004 studies were found in the search, with 23 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. RESULTS The pooled prevalence of hearing loss was 16.1% [95% confidence interval 10.7, 22.4] for children with congenital hypothyroidism. Hearing thresholds at pure-tone averages (0.5-2 kHz) were 1.6 dB [95% confidence interval 1.7, 4.8] higher for children with hypothyroidism compared to age-matched controls. Cochlear dysfunction was detected at middle frequencies (1-3 kHz) by otoacoustic emission testing, indicating abnormalities of hair cell function or cochlear integration. Retrocochlear involvement was detected on auditory brainstem response (ABR), with prolonged Wave I indicating a peripheral conduction abnormality localized to the middle or inner ear and eighth cranial nerve. CONCLUSIONS Children with hypothyroidism have a higher prevalence of hearing loss than children without hypothyroidism. For children with congenital hypothyroidism, evidence of subclinical abnormalities at the level of the cochlea and eighth cranial nerve are present despite early initiation of levothyroxine therapy. Dysfunction of the auditory system might begin with predominance of peripheral conduction abnormalities early in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A
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20
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Pallone LV, Navarra LC, Gonçalves GA, de Jesus FA, Melo DG, Ferreira RA, Germano CMR. Neonatal thyrotropin levels and auditory neural maturation in full-term newborns. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253229. [PMID: 34133461 PMCID: PMC8208557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to look for a possible relationship between thyrotropin (TSH) values from neonatal bloodspot screening testing and newborn lower auditory pathway myelinization evaluated using the brainstem evoked response audiometry (ABR) test. Methods Sixty-two healthy full-term newborns without perinatal problems were enrolled in the study. TSH results were collected from neonatal bloodspot screening data and were below the test cut-off level (15μUI/mL). The TSH test was performed between three and seven days, and the ABR test was performed in the first 28 days of life. The newborns were divided into two groups: Group 1 (n = 35), TSH between 0 and 5μUI/mL, and group 2 (n = 27), TSH between 5 and 15μUI/mL. Data are presented as mean ± SD, median, or percentage, depending on the variable. Results Wave latency and interpeak interval values for Groups 1 and 2 were as follows: Wave I: 1.8 ± 0.1 and 1.7 ± 0.1; Wave III: 4.4 ± 0.1 and 4.4 ± 0.1; Wave V: 6.9 ± 0.1 and 6.9 ± 0.1; interval I–III: 2.6 ± 0.1 and 2.6 ± 0.1; interval I–V: 5.1 ± 0.1 and 5.1 ± 0.1; interval III–V: 2.4 ± 0.1 and 2.4 ± 0.1. There were no significant differences in ABR parameters between groups 1 and 2 (p > 0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed a slight significant negative correlation between TSH and wave I values (standardized β = −0.267; p = 0.036), without observing any relationship with the other ABR waves recorded. Conclusions This study investigated the relationship of TSH and auditory myelinization evaluated by ABR. It did not show a significant change in lower auditory pathway myelinization according to TSH levels in newborns with TSH screening levels lower than 15 μUI/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Debora Gusmão Melo
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Schiera G, Di Liegro CM, Di Liegro I. Involvement of Thyroid Hormones in Brain Development and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2693. [PMID: 34070729 PMCID: PMC8197921 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and maturation of the mammalian brain are regulated by thyroid hormones (THs). Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism cause serious anomalies in the organization and function of the nervous system. Most importantly, brain development is sensitive to TH supply well before the onset of the fetal thyroid function, and thus depends on the trans-placental transfer of maternal THs during pregnancy. Although the mechanism of action of THs mainly involves direct regulation of gene expression (genomic effects), mediated by nuclear receptors (THRs), it is now clear that THs can elicit cell responses also by binding to plasma membrane sites (non-genomic effects). Genomic and non-genomic effects of THs cooperate in modeling chromatin organization and function, thus controlling proliferation, maturation, and metabolism of the nervous system. However, the complex interplay of THs with their targets has also been suggested to impact cancer proliferation as well as metastatic processes. Herein, after discussing the general mechanisms of action of THs and their physiological effects on the nervous system, we will summarize a collection of data showing that thyroid hormone levels might influence cancer proliferation and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Schiera
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche) (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.S.); (C.M.D.L.)
| | - Carlo Maria Di Liegro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche) (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.S.); (C.M.D.L.)
| | - Italia Di Liegro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica avanzata) (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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22
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Affortit C, Casas F, Ladrech S, Ceccato JC, Bourien J, Coyat C, Puel JL, Lenoir M, Wang J. Exacerbated age-related hearing loss in mice lacking the p43 mitochondrial T3 receptor. BMC Biol 2021; 19:18. [PMID: 33526032 PMCID: PMC7852282 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-00953-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related hearing loss (ARHL), also known as presbycusis, is the most common sensory impairment seen in elderly people. However, the cochlear aging process does not affect people uniformly, suggesting that both genetic and environmental (e.g., noise, ototoxic drugs) factors and their interaction may influence the onset and severity of ARHL. Considering the potential links between thyroid hormone, mitochondrial activity, and hearing, here, we probed the role of p43, a N-terminally truncated and ligand-binding form of the nuclear receptor TRα1, in hearing function and in the maintenance of hearing during aging in p43-/- mice through complementary approaches, including in vivo electrophysiological recording, ultrastructural assessments, biochemistry, and molecular biology. RESULTS We found that the p43-/- mice exhibit no obvious hearing loss in juvenile stages, but that these mice developed a premature, and more severe, ARHL resulting from the loss of cochlear sensory outer and inner hair cells and degeneration of spiral ganglion neurons. Exacerbated ARHL in p43-/- mice was associated with the early occurrence of a drastic fall of SIRT1 expression, together with an imbalance between pro-apoptotic Bax, p53 expression, and anti-apoptotic Bcl2 expression, as well as an increase in mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammatory process. Finally, p43-/- mice were also more vulnerable to noise-induced hearing loss. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate for the first time a requirement for p43 in the maintenance of hearing during aging and highlight the need to probe the potential link between human THRA gene polymorphisms and/or mutations and accelerated age-related deafness or some adult-onset syndromic deafness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Affortit
- INSERM - UMR 1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - François Casas
- INRA, UMR 866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme,, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Sabine Ladrech
- INSERM - UMR 1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Charles Ceccato
- INSERM - UMR 1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Bourien
- INSERM - UMR 1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Carolanne Coyat
- INSERM - UMR 1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Luc Puel
- INSERM - UMR 1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Lenoir
- INSERM - UMR 1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Jing Wang
- INSERM - UMR 1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France.
- Université de Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France.
- ENT Department, CHU Montpellier, 34295, Montpellier, France.
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23
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Gauthier BR, Sola‐García A, Cáliz‐Molina MÁ, Lorenzo PI, Cobo‐Vuilleumier N, Capilla‐González V, Martin‐Montalvo A. Thyroid hormones in diabetes, cancer, and aging. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13260. [PMID: 33048427 PMCID: PMC7681062 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid function is central in the control of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Studies in animal models and human research have determined that thyroid hormones modulate cellular processes relevant for aging and for the majority of age‐related diseases. While several studies have associated mild reductions on thyroid hormone function with exceptional longevity in animals and humans, alterations in thyroid hormones are serious medical conditions associated with unhealthy aging and premature death. Moreover, both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism have been associated with the development of certain types of diabetes and cancers, indicating a great complexity of the molecular mechanisms controlled by thyroid hormones. In this review, we describe the latest findings in thyroid hormone research in the field of aging, diabetes, and cancer, with a special focus on hepatocellular carcinomas. While aging studies indicate that the direct modulation of thyroid hormones is not a viable strategy to promote healthy aging or longevity and the development of thyromimetics is challenging due to inefficacy and potential toxicity, we argue that interventions based on the use of modulators of thyroid hormone function might provide therapeutic benefit in certain types of diabetes and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit R. Gauthier
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
- Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases‐CIBERDEM Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Alejandro Sola‐García
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
| | - María Ángeles Cáliz‐Molina
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
| | - Petra Isabel Lorenzo
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
| | - Nadia Cobo‐Vuilleumier
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
| | - Vivian Capilla‐González
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
| | - Alejandro Martin‐Montalvo
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
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24
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Braga H, Duarte JL, da Cruz Fernandes L, Salles IC, Oliveira de Andrade CL, Ramos HE, Alves CDAD. Congenital hypothyroidism as a risk factor for hearing and parents' knowledge about its impact on hearing. J Otol 2020; 16:71-79. [PMID: 33777118 PMCID: PMC7985011 DOI: 10.1016/j.joto.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To evaluate the hearing of children with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) and to analyze the knowledge that parents’ have on the possible auditory impacts of the disease. Methods A total of 263 parents/guardians were interviewed about aspects of CH and hearing. Audiological evaluation was performed on 80 participants, divided into two groups: with CH (n= 50) and without CH (n=30). Clinical and laboratory CH data were obtained from medical records, pure tone auditory thresholds and acoustic reflexes were analyzed. The auditory data was compared between groups. Student’s t-test and Chi-square were used for statistical analysis at a significance level of 5% (p ≤0.05). Results The majority (78%), of the parents were unaware that CH when not treated early is a potential risk to hearing. There was no correlation between socioeconomic class and level of information about CH and hearing (p>0,05; p=0.026). There was a statistically significant difference between the auditory tone thresholds of the groups and between the levels of intensity necessary for the triggering of the acoustic reflex. The group with CH presented the worst results (p≤0.05) and absence of acoustic reflex in a normal tympanometric condition. Conclusions Children with CH are more likely to develop damage to the auditory system involving retrocochlear structures when compared to healthy children, and that the disease may have been a risk factor for functional deficits without deteriorating hearing sensitivity. The possible impacts of CH on hearing, when not treated early, should be more publicized among the parents/guardians of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélida Braga
- Postgraduate Program in Interactive Processes of Organs and Systems, Institute of Health Science - Federal University of Bahia, Avenue Rector Miguel Calmon, Valley of Canela, 40110100, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Josilene Luciene Duarte
- Department of Speech Therapy, Institute of Health Science - Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon, 49100-000, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Luciene da Cruz Fernandes
- Department of Speech Therapy, Institute of Health Science - Federal University of Bahia, Avenue Rector Miguel Calmon, Valley of Canela, 40110100, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Iza Cristina Salles
- Department of Bioregulation, Health & Sciences Institute - Federal University of Bahia, Avenue Rector Miguel Calmon, Valley of Canela, 40110100, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Medical School, Institute of Health Science- Federal University of Bahia, Avenue Rector Miguel Calmon, Valley of Canela, 40110100, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Caio L Oliveira de Andrade
- Postgraduate Program in Interactive Processes of Organs and Systems, Institute of Health Science - Federal University of Bahia, Avenue Rector Miguel Calmon, Valley of Canela, 40110100, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Helton E Ramos
- Medical School, Institute of Health Science- Federal University of Bahia, Avenue Rector Miguel Calmon, Valley of Canela, 40110100, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Crésio de Aragão D Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Interactive Processes of Organs and Systems, Institute of Health Science - Federal University of Bahia, Avenue Rector Miguel Calmon, Valley of Canela, 40110100, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Medical School, Institute of Health Science- Federal University of Bahia, Avenue Rector Miguel Calmon, Valley of Canela, 40110100, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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25
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Russell IJ, Lukashkina VA, Levic S, Cho YW, Lukashkin AN, Ng L, Forrest D. Emilin 2 promotes the mechanical gradient of the cochlear basilar membrane and resolution of frequencies in sound. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba2634. [PMID: 32577518 PMCID: PMC7286672 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba2634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The detection of different frequencies in sound is accomplished with remarkable precision by the basilar membrane (BM), an elastic, ribbon-like structure with graded stiffness along the cochlear spiral. Sound stimulates a wave of displacement along the BM with maximal magnitude at precise, frequency-specific locations to excite neural signals that carry frequency information to the brain. Perceptual frequency discrimination requires fine resolution of this frequency map, but little is known of the intrinsic molecular features that demarcate the place of response on the BM. To investigate the role of BM microarchitecture in frequency discrimination, we deleted extracellular matrix protein emilin 2, which disturbed the filamentous organization in the BM. Emilin2 -/- mice displayed broadened mechanical and neural frequency tuning with multiple response peaks that are shifted to lower frequencies than normal. Thus, emilin 2 confers a stiffness gradient on the BM that is critical for accurate frequency resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J. Russell
- Sensory Neuroscience Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Victoria A. Lukashkina
- Sensory Neuroscience Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Snezana Levic
- Sensory Neuroscience Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9PX, UK
| | - Young-Wook Cho
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrei N. Lukashkin
- Sensory Neuroscience Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Lily Ng
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Douglas Forrest
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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26
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de Andrade CLO, Machado GC, Magalhães LPF, Cerqueira TLDO, Fernandes LDC, Ramos HE, Alves CDAD. Cochlear dysfunction evidenced by reduction of amplitude of otoacoustic responses in patients with congenital hypothyroidism. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 122:12-17. [PMID: 30928865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The investigation of amplitudes of otoacoustic emissions in congenital hypothyroidism can provide information on cochlear function with more sensibility, when compared to other methods of auditory evaluation. AIM To investigate cochlear function through the amplitude of distortion product otoacoustic emissions in individuals with congenital hypothyroidism and to correlate with clinical aspects. METHODS An exploratory, analytical, cross-sectional study with a convenience sample, composed of 50 individuals with congenital hypothyroidism and a group of 42 individuals without the disease, mean age of 8.4 (±3.1) years. The subjects of the research were evaluated by means of tonal and speech audiometry, immittance and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). Continuous variables were described as mean or median and standard deviation. The Spearman test evaluated the correlations between the variables. RESULTS Otoacoustic emission amplitudes were significantly reduced in the exposed group, with congenital hypothyroidism, when compared to the group of individuals without the disease, especially in the medium frequencies. The Spearman test showed a slight correlation between the amplitude values of the otoacoustic emissions of some frequencies and the variables: disease time, diagnostic age, irregular serum free thyroxine hormone levels and thyroid stimulating hormone, especially in the condition of less treatment, whose correlation was negative. CONCLUSION There was a correlation between the levels of signal amplitudes of otoacoustic emissions with clinical conditions and hormonal follow-up, suggesting probable subclinical auditory impairment in this population, as well as influence of some clinical aspects of congenital hypothyroidism on auditory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Leônidas Oliveira de Andrade
- Postgraduate Program in Interactive Processes of Organs and Systems, Institute of Health Science- Federal University of Bahia, Avenue Rector Miguel Calmon, Zipe Code: 40110100, Valley of Canela, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Department of Life Sciences, University of the State of Bahia, Street Silveira Martins, Zipe Code: 41150000, Cabula, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Carvalho Machado
- Postgraduate Program in Interactive Processes of Organs and Systems, Institute of Health Science- Federal University of Bahia, Avenue Rector Miguel Calmon, Zipe Code: 40110100, Valley of Canela, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Luan Paulo Franco Magalhães
- Postgraduate Program in Interactive Processes of Organs and Systems, Institute of Health Science- Federal University of Bahia, Avenue Rector Miguel Calmon, Zipe Code: 40110100, Valley of Canela, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Taíse Lima de Oliveira Cerqueira
- Institute of Health Science- Federal University of Bahia, Avenue Rector Miguel Calmon, Zipe Code: 40110100, Valley of Canela, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Luciene da Cruz Fernandes
- Department of Speech Therapy, Institute of Health Science- Federal University of Bahia, Avenue Rector Miguel Calmon, Zipe Code: 40110100, Valley of Canela, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Helton Estrela Ramos
- Department of Bioregulation, Health & Sciences Institute, Federal University Bahia, Avenue Rector Miguel Calmon, Zipe Code: 40110100, Valley of Canela, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Crésio de Aragão Dantas Alves
- Medical School, Institute of Health Science- Federal University of Bahia, Avenue Rector Miguel Calmon, Zipe Code: 40110100, Valley of Canela, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
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27
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Genetic variation in thyroid folliculogenesis influences susceptibility to hypothyroidism-induced hearing impairment. Mamm Genome 2019; 30:5-22. [PMID: 30778664 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-019-09792-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Maternal and fetal sources of thyroid hormone are important for the development of many organ systems. Thyroid hormone deficiency causes variable intellectual disability and hearing impairment in mouse and man, but the basis for this variation is not clear. To explore this variation, we studied two thyroid hormone-deficient mouse mutants with mutations in pituitary-specific transcription factors, POU1F1 and PROP1, that render them unable to produce thyroid stimulating hormone. DW/J-Pou1f1dw/dw mice have profound deafness and both neurosensory and conductive hearing impairment, while DF/B-Prop1df/df mice have modest elevations in hearing thresholds consistent with developmental delay, eventually achieving normal hearing ability. The thyroid glands of Pou1f1 mutants are more severely affected than those of Prop1df/df mice, and they produce less thyroglobulin during the neonatal period critical for establishing hearing. We previously crossed DW/J-Pou1f1dw/+ and Cast/Ei mice and mapped a major locus on Chromosome 2 that protects against hypothyroidism-induced hearing impairment in Pou1f1dw/dw mice: modifier of dw hearing (Mdwh). Here we refine the location of Mdwh by genotyping 196 animals with 876 informative SNPs, and we conduct novel mapping with a DW/J-Pou1f1dw/+ and 129/P2 cross that reveals 129/P2 mice also have a protective Mdwh locus. Using DNA sequencing of DW/J and DF/B strains, we determined that the genes important for thyroid gland function within Mdwh vary in amino acid sequence between strains that are susceptible or resistant to hypothyroidism-induced hearing impairment. These results suggest that the variable effects of congenital hypothyroidism on the development of hearing ability are attributable to genetic variation in postnatal thyroid gland folliculogenesis and function.
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García M, Barreda-Bonis AC, Jiménez P, Rabanal I, Ortiz A, Vallespín E, Del Pozo Á, Martínez-San Millán J, González-Casado I, Moreno JC. Central Hypothyroidism and Novel Clinical Phenotypes in Hemizygous Truncation of TBL1X. J Endocr Soc 2018; 3:119-128. [PMID: 30591955 PMCID: PMC6300407 DOI: 10.1210/js.2018-00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Transducin β-like 1 X-linked (TBL1X) gene encodes a subunit of the nuclear corepressor-silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid hormone receptor complex (NCoR-SMRT) involved in repression of thyroid hormone action in the pituitary and hypothalamus. TBL1X defects were recently associated with central hypothyroidism and hearing loss. The current study aims to describe the clinical and genetic characterization of a male diagnosed with central hypothyroidism through thyroid hormone profiling, TRH test, brain MRI, audiometry, and psychological evaluation. Next-generation sequencing of known genes involved in thyroid disorders was implemented. The 6-year-old boy was diagnosed with central hypothyroidism [free T4: 10.42 pmol/L (normal: 12 to 22 pmol/L); TSH: 1.57 mIU/L (normal: 0.7 to 5.7 mIU/L)], with a mildly reduced TSH response to TRH. He was further diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) at 7 years, alternating episodes of encopresis and constipation, and frequent headaches. MRI showed a normal pituitary but detected a Chiari malformation type I (CMI). At 10 years, audiometry identified poor hearing threshold at high frequencies. Sequencing revealed a nonsense hemizygous mutation in TBL1X [c.1015C>T; p.(Arg339Ter)] largely truncating its WD-40 repeat domain involved in nuclear protein-protein interactions. In conclusion, to our knowledge, we identified the first severely truncating TBL1X mutation in a patient with central hypothyroidism, hypoacusia, and novel clinical features like ADHD, gastrointestinal dysmotility, and CMI. Given the relevance of TBL1X and NCoR-SMRT for the regulation of transcriptional programs at different tissues (pituitary, cochlea, brain, fossa posterior, and cerebellum), severe mutations in TBL1X may lead to a distinct syndrome with a phenotypic spectrum wider than previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta García
- Thyroid Molecular Laboratory, Institute for Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), La Paz University Hospital, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Paula Jiménez
- Thyroid Molecular Laboratory, Institute for Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), La Paz University Hospital, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Rabanal
- Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arancha Ortiz
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Vallespín
- Functional and Structural Genomics, Institute for Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela Del Pozo
- Bioinformatics Unit, Institute for Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - José C Moreno
- Thyroid Molecular Laboratory, Institute for Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), La Paz University Hospital, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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29
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TBL1Y: a new gene involved in syndromic hearing loss. Eur J Hum Genet 2018; 27:466-474. [PMID: 30341416 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-018-0282-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary hearing loss (HHL) is an extremely heterogeneous disorder with autosomal dominant, recessive, and X-linked forms. Here, we described an Italian pedigree affected by HHL but also prostate hyperplasia and increased ratio of the free/total PSA levels, with the unusual and extremely rare Y-linked pattern of inheritance. Using exome sequencing we found a missense variant (r.206A>T leading to p.Asp69Val) in the TBL1Y gene. TBL1Y is homologous of TBL1X, whose partial deletion has described to be involved in X-linked hearing loss. Here, we demonstrate that it has a restricted expression in adult human cochlea and prostate and the variant identified induces a lower protein stability caused by misfolded mutated protein that impairs its cellular function. These findings indicate that TBL1Y could be considered a novel candidate for HHL.
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30
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Aguayo-Mazzucato C, Lee TB, Matzko M, DiIenno A, Rezanejad H, Ramadoss P, Scanlan T, Zavacki AM, Larsen PR, Hollenberg A, Colton C, Sharma A, Bonner-Weir S. T 3 Induces Both Markers of Maturation and Aging in Pancreatic β-Cells. Diabetes 2018; 67:1322-1331. [PMID: 29625991 PMCID: PMC6014556 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we showed that thyroid hormone (TH) triiodothyronine (T3) enhanced β-cell functional maturation through induction of Mafa High levels of T3 have been linked to decreased life span in mammals and low levels to lengthened life span, suggesting a relationship between TH and aging. Here, we show that T3 increased p16Ink4a (a β-cell senescence marker and effector) mRNA in rodent and human β-cells. The kinetics of Mafa and p16Ink4a induction suggested both genes as targets of TH via TH receptors (THRs) binding to specific response elements. Using specific agonists CO23 and GC1, we showed that p16Ink4a expression was controlled by THRA and Mafa by THRB. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation and a transient transfection yielding biotinylated THRB1 or THRA isoforms to achieve specificity, we determined that THRA isoform bound to p16Ink4a , whereas THRB1 bound to Mafa but not to p16Ink4a On a cellular level, T3 treatment accelerated cell senescence as shown by increased number of β-cells with acidic β-galactosidase activity. Our data show that T3 can simultaneously induce both maturation (Mafa) and aging (p16Ink4a ) effectors and that these dichotomous effects are mediated through different THR isoforms. These findings may be important for further improving stem cell differentiation protocols to produce functional β-cells for replacement therapies in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Terence B Lee
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Amanda DiIenno
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Preeti Ramadoss
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Thomas Scanlan
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Ann Marie Zavacki
- Thyroid Section, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - P Reed Larsen
- Thyroid Section, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Anthony Hollenberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Clark Colton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Arun Sharma
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Boyes WK, Degn L, George BJ, Gilbert ME. Moderate perinatal thyroid hormone insufficiency alters visual system function in adult rats. Neurotoxicology 2018; 67:73-83. [PMID: 29684405 PMCID: PMC6733525 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) is critical for many aspects of neurodevelopment and can be disrupted by a variety of environmental contaminants. Sensory systems, including audition and vision are vulnerable to TH insufficiencies, but little data are available on visual system development at less than severe levels of TH deprivation. The goal of the current experiments was to explore dose-response relations between graded levels of TH insufficiency during development and the visual function of adult offspring. Pregnant Long Evans rats received 0 or 3 ppm (Experiment 1), or 0, 1, 2, or 3 ppm (Experiment 2) of propylthiouracil (PTU), an inhibitor of thyroid hormone synthesis, in drinking water from gestation day (GD) 6 to postnatal day (PN) 21. Treatment with PTU caused dose-related reductions of serum T4, with recovery on termination of exposure, and euthyroidism by the time of visual function testing. Tests of retinal (electroretinograms; ERGs) and visual cortex (visual evoked potentials; VEPs) function were assessed in adult offspring. Dark-adapted ERG a-waves, reflecting rod photoreceptors, were increased in amplitude by PTU. Light-adapted green flicker ERGs, reflecting M-cone photoreceptors, were reduced by PTU exposure. UV-flicker ERGs, reflecting S-cones, were not altered. Pattern-elicited VEPs were significantly reduced by 2 and 3 ppm PTU across a range of stimulus contrast values. The slope of VEP amplitude-log contrast functions was reduced by PTU, suggesting impaired visual contrast gain. Visual contrast gain primarily reflects function of visual cortex, and is responsible for adjusting sensitivity of perceptual mechanisms in response to changing visual scenes. The results indicate that moderate levels of pre-and post-natal TH insufficiency led to alterations in visual function of adult rats, including both retinal and visual cortex sites of dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- William K Boyes
- Toxicity Assessment Division, Neurotoxicology Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Laura Degn
- Toxicity Assessment Division, Neurotoxicology Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Barbara Jane George
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Mary E Gilbert
- Toxicity Assessment Division, Neurotoxicology Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Mughal BB, Fini JB, Demeneix BA. Thyroid-disrupting chemicals and brain development: an update. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:R160-R186. [PMID: 29572405 PMCID: PMC5890081 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review covers recent findings on the main categories of thyroid hormone-disrupting chemicals and their effects on brain development. We draw mostly on epidemiological and experimental data published in the last decade. For each chemical class considered, we deal with not only the thyroid hormone-disrupting effects but also briefly mention the main mechanisms by which the same chemicals could modify estrogen and/or androgen signalling, thereby exacerbating adverse effects on endocrine-dependent developmental programmes. Further, we emphasize recent data showing how maternal thyroid hormone signalling during early pregnancy affects not only offspring IQ, but also neurodevelopmental disease risk. These recent findings add to established knowledge on the crucial importance of iodine and thyroid hormone for optimal brain development. We propose that prenatal exposure to mixtures of thyroid hormone-disrupting chemicals provides a plausible biological mechanism contributing to current increases in the incidence of neurodevelopmental disease and IQ loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal B Mughal
- CNRS/UMR7221Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Fini
- CNRS/UMR7221Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Barbara A Demeneix
- CNRS/UMR7221Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
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Deafness and loss of cochlear hair cells in the absence of thyroid hormone transporters Slc16a2 (Mct8) and Slc16a10 (Mct10). Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29535325 PMCID: PMC5849681 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22553-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane proteins that mediate the cellular uptake or efflux of thyroid hormone potentially provide a key level of control over neurodevelopment. In humans, defects in one such protein, solute carrier SLC16A2 (MCT8) are associated with psychomotor retardation. Other proteins that transport the active form of thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) or its precursor thyroxine (T4) have been identified in vitro but the wider significance of such transporters in vivo is unclear. The development of the auditory system requires thyroid hormone and the cochlea is a primary target tissue. We have proposed that the compartmental anatomy of the cochlea would necessitate transport mechanisms to convey blood-borne hormone to target tissues. We report hearing loss in mice with mutations in Slc16a2 and a related gene Slc16a10 (Mct10, Tat1). Deficiency of both transporters results in retarded development of the sensory epithelium similar to impairment caused by hypothyroidism, compounded with a progressive degeneration of cochlear hair cells and loss of endocochlear potential. Administration of T3 largely restores the development of the sensory epithelium and limited auditory function, indicating the T3-sensitivity of defects in the sensory epithelium. The results indicate a necessity for thyroid hormone transporters in cochlear development and function.
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Wong J, Hsia SV. The expanding functions of thyroid hormone. Cell Biosci 2017; 7:53. [PMID: 29075436 PMCID: PMC5648426 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-017-0176-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiemin Wong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Fengxian District Central Hospital-ECNU Joint Center of Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Shaochung Victor Hsia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA
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de Andrade CLO, Machado GC, Fernandes LDC, de Albuquerque JM, Casais-e-Silva LL, Ramos HE, Alves CDAD. Mechanisms involved in hearing disorders of thyroid ontogeny: a literature review. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2017; 61:501-505. [PMID: 28977164 PMCID: PMC10522256 DOI: 10.1590/2359-3997000000292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Endocochlear, retrocochlear and/or central origin hearing damage may be related to the absence of appropriate levels of thyroid hormone during morphogenesis and/or auditory system development. Hearing disorders related to the thyroid are not well studied, despite speculation on the pathophysiological mechanisms. The objective of this review was to characterize the main pathophysiological mechanisms of congenital hypothyroidism and to evaluate the relationship with central and peripheral hearing disorders. We conducted a literature review using the databases MedLine, LILACS, Cochrane Library, SciELO, Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), Embase, and Science Direct between July and September on 2016. We identified the studies that address hearing disorder mechanisms on the congenital hypothyroidism. Congenital hypothyroidism may have clinical and subclinical manifestations that affect the auditory system and may be a potential risk factor for hearing impairment. Hearing impairment can severely impact quality-of-life, which emphasizes the importance of monitoring and evaluating hearing during the clinical routine of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Leônidas Oliveira de Andrade
- Instituto de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal da BahiaSalvadorBABrasilPrograma de Pós-graduação dos Processos Interativos dos Órgãos e Sistemas (PPgPIOS), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde (ICS), Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Gabriela Carvalho Machado
- Instituto de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal da BahiaSalvadorBABrasilPrograma de Pós-graduação dos Processos Interativos dos Órgãos e Sistemas (PPgPIOS), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde (ICS), Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Luciene da Cruz Fernandes
- Departamento de FonoaudiologiaInstituto de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal da BahiaSalvadorBABrasilDepartamento de Fonoaudiologia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Jamile Morais de Albuquerque
- Departamento de FonoaudiologiaInstituto de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal da BahiaSalvadorBABrasilDepartamento de Fonoaudiologia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Luciana Lyra Casais-e-Silva
- Departamento de BiorregulaçãoInstituto de Ciências da SaúdeUFBASalvadorBABrasilLaboratório de Neuroimuno-endocrinologia e Toxinologia, Departamento de Biorregulação, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde (ICS), UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Helton Estrela Ramos
- Departamento de BiorregulaçãoInstituto de Ciências da SaúdeUFBASalvadorBABrasilDepartamento de Biorregulação, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde (ICS), UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Crésio de Aragão Dantas Alves
- Faculdade de MedicinaUnidade de Endocrinologia PediátricaUniversidade Federal da BahiaSalvadorBABrasilFaculdade de Medicina, Unidade de Endocrinologia Pediátrica, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brasil
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Nicholas A, Jaleel S, Lyons G, Schoenmakers E, Dattani M, Crowne E, Bernhard B, Kirk J, Roche E, Chatterjee V, Schoenmakers N. Molecular spectrum of TSHβ subunit gene defects in central hypothyroidism in the UK and Ireland. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2017; 86:410-418. [PMID: 27362444 PMCID: PMC5324561 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Homozygous mutations in the TSH beta subunit gene (TSHB) result in severe, isolated, central congenital hypothyroidism (CCH). This entity evades diagnosis in TSH-based congenital hypothyroidism (CH) screening programmes in the UK and Ireland. Accordingly, genetic diagnosis, enabling ascertainment of affected relatives in families, is critical for prompt diagnosis and treatment of the disorder. DESIGN, PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS Four cases of isolated TSH deficiency from three unrelated families in the UK and Ireland were investigated for mutations or deletions in TSHB. Haplotype analysis, to investigate a founder effect, was undertaken in cases with identical mutations (c.373delT). RESULTS Two siblings in kindred 1 were homozygous for a previously described TSHB mutation (c.373delT). In kindreds 2 and 3, the affected individuals were compound heterozygous for TSHB c.373delT and either a 5·4-kB TSHB deletion (kindred 2, c.1-4389_417*195delinsCTCA) or a novel TSHB missense mutation (kindred 3, c.2T>C, p.Met1?). Neurodevelopmental retardation, following delayed diagnosis and treatment, was present in 3 cases. In contrast, the younger sibling in kindred 1 developed normally following genetic diagnosis and treatment from birth. CONCLUSIONS This study, including the identification of a second, novel, TSHB deletion, expands the molecular spectrum of TSHB defects and suggests that allele loss may be a commoner basis for TSH deficiency than previously suspected. Delayed diagnosis and treatment of profound central hypothyroidism in such cases result in neurodevelopmental retardation. Inclusion of thyroxine (T4) plus thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), or free thyroxine (FT4) in CH screening, together with genetic case ascertainment enabling earlier therapeutic intervention, could prevent such adverse sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.K. Nicholas
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research LaboratoriesWellcome Trust‐Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic ScienceAddenbrooke's HospitalCambridgeUK
| | - S. Jaleel
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology & DiabetesNational Children's HospitalAMNCHDublinIreland
| | - G. Lyons
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research LaboratoriesWellcome Trust‐Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic ScienceAddenbrooke's HospitalCambridgeUK
| | - E. Schoenmakers
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research LaboratoriesWellcome Trust‐Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic ScienceAddenbrooke's HospitalCambridgeUK
| | - M.T. Dattani
- University College London Institute of Child HealthDevelopmental Endocrinology Research GroupSection of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and DiseaseGenetics and Genomic Medicine ProgrammeLondonUK
| | - E. Crowne
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology & DiabetesBristol Royal Hospital for ChildrenUniversity Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation TrustBristolUK
| | - B. Bernhard
- Department of Clinical GeneticsNorth West Thames Regional Genetics ServiceNorth West London Hospitals NHS TrustHarrowUK
| | - J. Kirk
- Department of EndocrinologyBirmingham Children's HospitalBirminghamUK
| | - E.F. Roche
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology & DiabetesNational Children's HospitalAMNCHDublinIreland
- University of DublinTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - V.K. Chatterjee
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research LaboratoriesWellcome Trust‐Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic ScienceAddenbrooke's HospitalCambridgeUK
| | - N. Schoenmakers
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research LaboratoriesWellcome Trust‐Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic ScienceAddenbrooke's HospitalCambridgeUK
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Ligand Independent and Subtype-Selective Actions of Thyroid Hormone Receptors in Human Adipose Derived Stem Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164407. [PMID: 27732649 PMCID: PMC5061422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) receptors (TRs α and β) are homologous ligand-dependent transcription factors (TFs). While the TRs display distinct actions in development, metabolic regulation and other processes, comparisons of TRα and TRβ dependent gene regulation mostly reveal similar mechanisms of action and few TR subtype specific genes. Here, we show that TRα predominates in multipotent human adipose derived stem cells (hADSC) whereas TRβ is expressed at lower levels and is upregulated during hADSC differentiation. The TRs display several unusual properties in parental hADSC. First, TRs display predominantly cytoplasmic intracellular distribution and major TRα variants TRα1 and TRα2 colocalize with mitochondria. Second, knockdown experiments reveal that endogenous TRs influence hADSC cell morphology and expression of hundreds of genes in the absence of hormone, but do not respond to exogenous TH. Third, TRα and TRβ affect hADSC in completely distinct ways; TRα regulates cell cycle associated processes while TRβ may repress aspects of differentiation. TRα splice variant specific knockdown reveals that TRα1 and TRα2 both contribute to TRα-dependent gene expression in a gene specific manner. We propose that TRs work in a non-canonical and hormone independent manner in hADSC and that prominent subtype-specific activities emerge in the context of these unusual actions.
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Demir K, van Gucht ALM, Büyükinan M, Çatlı G, Ayhan Y, Baş VN, Dündar B, Özkan B, Meima ME, Visser WE, Peeters RP, Visser TJ. Diverse Genotypes and Phenotypes of Three Novel Thyroid Hormone Receptor-α Mutations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:2945-54. [PMID: 27144938 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-1404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Recently several patients with resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH)-α due to T3 receptor-α (TRα) mutations were identified. The phenotype of these patients consists of varying degrees of growth impairment, delayed bone, mental and motor development, constipation, macrocephaly, and near-normal thyroid function tests. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to describe the clinical phenotype of three new families with RTHα and thereby gain more detailed knowledge on this novel syndrome. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS RTHα was suspected in three index patients from different families. Detailed clinical and biochemical assessment and imaging and genetic analyses were performed in the patients and their relatives. In addition, functional consequences of TRα mutations were investigated in vitro. RESULTS We studied 22 individuals from three families and identified 10 patients with heterozygous TRα mutations: C380fs387X, R384H, and A263S, respectively. The frame-shift mutation completely inactivated TRα, whereas the missense mutations produced milder defects. These mutations were associated with decreasing severity of the clinical phenotype: the patient in family 1 showed severe defects in growth, mental, and motor development, whereas the seven patients in family 3 had only mild clinical features. The most frequent abnormalities were anemia, constipation, and a delay in at least one of the developmental milestones. Serum free T3 ranged from high-normal to high and serum free T4 and rT3 from normal to low. TSH levels were normal in all patients. CONCLUSIONS This large case series underlines the variation in the clinical phenotype of RTHα patients. RTHα should be suspected in subjects when even mild clinical and laboratory features of hypothyroidism are present along with high/high-normal free T3, low/normal free T4, and normal TSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korcan Demir
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (K.D.), Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (B.Ö.), Dr Behçet Uz Children's Hospital, 35210 İzmir, Turkey; Department of Internal Medicine (A.L.M.v.G., M.E.M., W.E.V., R.P.P., T.J.V.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (M.B., G.Ç.), Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, 35170, İzmir, Turkey; Department of Psychiatry (Y.A.), Hacettepe University, 06532 Ankara, Turkey; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (V.N.B.), Eskisehir State Hospital, 26060, Eskisehir, Turkey; and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (G.Ç., B.D.), Katip Çelebi University, 35620 İzmir, Turkey
| | - Anja L M van Gucht
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (K.D.), Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (B.Ö.), Dr Behçet Uz Children's Hospital, 35210 İzmir, Turkey; Department of Internal Medicine (A.L.M.v.G., M.E.M., W.E.V., R.P.P., T.J.V.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (M.B., G.Ç.), Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, 35170, İzmir, Turkey; Department of Psychiatry (Y.A.), Hacettepe University, 06532 Ankara, Turkey; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (V.N.B.), Eskisehir State Hospital, 26060, Eskisehir, Turkey; and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (G.Ç., B.D.), Katip Çelebi University, 35620 İzmir, Turkey
| | - Muammer Büyükinan
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (K.D.), Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (B.Ö.), Dr Behçet Uz Children's Hospital, 35210 İzmir, Turkey; Department of Internal Medicine (A.L.M.v.G., M.E.M., W.E.V., R.P.P., T.J.V.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (M.B., G.Ç.), Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, 35170, İzmir, Turkey; Department of Psychiatry (Y.A.), Hacettepe University, 06532 Ankara, Turkey; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (V.N.B.), Eskisehir State Hospital, 26060, Eskisehir, Turkey; and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (G.Ç., B.D.), Katip Çelebi University, 35620 İzmir, Turkey
| | - Gönül Çatlı
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (K.D.), Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (B.Ö.), Dr Behçet Uz Children's Hospital, 35210 İzmir, Turkey; Department of Internal Medicine (A.L.M.v.G., M.E.M., W.E.V., R.P.P., T.J.V.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (M.B., G.Ç.), Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, 35170, İzmir, Turkey; Department of Psychiatry (Y.A.), Hacettepe University, 06532 Ankara, Turkey; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (V.N.B.), Eskisehir State Hospital, 26060, Eskisehir, Turkey; and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (G.Ç., B.D.), Katip Çelebi University, 35620 İzmir, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Ayhan
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (K.D.), Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (B.Ö.), Dr Behçet Uz Children's Hospital, 35210 İzmir, Turkey; Department of Internal Medicine (A.L.M.v.G., M.E.M., W.E.V., R.P.P., T.J.V.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (M.B., G.Ç.), Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, 35170, İzmir, Turkey; Department of Psychiatry (Y.A.), Hacettepe University, 06532 Ankara, Turkey; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (V.N.B.), Eskisehir State Hospital, 26060, Eskisehir, Turkey; and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (G.Ç., B.D.), Katip Çelebi University, 35620 İzmir, Turkey
| | - Veysel Nijat Baş
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (K.D.), Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (B.Ö.), Dr Behçet Uz Children's Hospital, 35210 İzmir, Turkey; Department of Internal Medicine (A.L.M.v.G., M.E.M., W.E.V., R.P.P., T.J.V.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (M.B., G.Ç.), Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, 35170, İzmir, Turkey; Department of Psychiatry (Y.A.), Hacettepe University, 06532 Ankara, Turkey; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (V.N.B.), Eskisehir State Hospital, 26060, Eskisehir, Turkey; and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (G.Ç., B.D.), Katip Çelebi University, 35620 İzmir, Turkey
| | - Bumin Dündar
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (K.D.), Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (B.Ö.), Dr Behçet Uz Children's Hospital, 35210 İzmir, Turkey; Department of Internal Medicine (A.L.M.v.G., M.E.M., W.E.V., R.P.P., T.J.V.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (M.B., G.Ç.), Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, 35170, İzmir, Turkey; Department of Psychiatry (Y.A.), Hacettepe University, 06532 Ankara, Turkey; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (V.N.B.), Eskisehir State Hospital, 26060, Eskisehir, Turkey; and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (G.Ç., B.D.), Katip Çelebi University, 35620 İzmir, Turkey
| | - Behzat Özkan
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (K.D.), Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (B.Ö.), Dr Behçet Uz Children's Hospital, 35210 İzmir, Turkey; Department of Internal Medicine (A.L.M.v.G., M.E.M., W.E.V., R.P.P., T.J.V.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (M.B., G.Ç.), Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, 35170, İzmir, Turkey; Department of Psychiatry (Y.A.), Hacettepe University, 06532 Ankara, Turkey; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (V.N.B.), Eskisehir State Hospital, 26060, Eskisehir, Turkey; and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (G.Ç., B.D.), Katip Çelebi University, 35620 İzmir, Turkey
| | - Marcel E Meima
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (K.D.), Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (B.Ö.), Dr Behçet Uz Children's Hospital, 35210 İzmir, Turkey; Department of Internal Medicine (A.L.M.v.G., M.E.M., W.E.V., R.P.P., T.J.V.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (M.B., G.Ç.), Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, 35170, İzmir, Turkey; Department of Psychiatry (Y.A.), Hacettepe University, 06532 Ankara, Turkey; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (V.N.B.), Eskisehir State Hospital, 26060, Eskisehir, Turkey; and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (G.Ç., B.D.), Katip Çelebi University, 35620 İzmir, Turkey
| | - W Edward Visser
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (K.D.), Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (B.Ö.), Dr Behçet Uz Children's Hospital, 35210 İzmir, Turkey; Department of Internal Medicine (A.L.M.v.G., M.E.M., W.E.V., R.P.P., T.J.V.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (M.B., G.Ç.), Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, 35170, İzmir, Turkey; Department of Psychiatry (Y.A.), Hacettepe University, 06532 Ankara, Turkey; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (V.N.B.), Eskisehir State Hospital, 26060, Eskisehir, Turkey; and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (G.Ç., B.D.), Katip Çelebi University, 35620 İzmir, Turkey
| | - Robin P Peeters
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (K.D.), Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (B.Ö.), Dr Behçet Uz Children's Hospital, 35210 İzmir, Turkey; Department of Internal Medicine (A.L.M.v.G., M.E.M., W.E.V., R.P.P., T.J.V.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (M.B., G.Ç.), Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, 35170, İzmir, Turkey; Department of Psychiatry (Y.A.), Hacettepe University, 06532 Ankara, Turkey; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (V.N.B.), Eskisehir State Hospital, 26060, Eskisehir, Turkey; and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (G.Ç., B.D.), Katip Çelebi University, 35620 İzmir, Turkey
| | - Theo J Visser
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (K.D.), Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (B.Ö.), Dr Behçet Uz Children's Hospital, 35210 İzmir, Turkey; Department of Internal Medicine (A.L.M.v.G., M.E.M., W.E.V., R.P.P., T.J.V.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (M.B., G.Ç.), Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, 35170, İzmir, Turkey; Department of Psychiatry (Y.A.), Hacettepe University, 06532 Ankara, Turkey; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (V.N.B.), Eskisehir State Hospital, 26060, Eskisehir, Turkey; and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (G.Ç., B.D.), Katip Çelebi University, 35620 İzmir, Turkey
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Sadowski RN, Stebbings KA, Slater BJ, Bandara SB, Llano DA, Schantz SL. Developmental exposure to PCBs alters the activation of the auditory cortex in response to GABA A antagonism. Neurotoxicology 2016; 56:86-93. [PMID: 27422581 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Developmental exposure of rats to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) causes impairments in hearing and in the functioning of peripheral and central auditory structures. Additionally, recent work from our laboratory has demonstrated an increase in audiogenic seizures. The current study aimed to further characterize the effects of PCBs on auditory brain structures by investigating whether developmental exposure altered the magnitude of activation in the auditory cortex (AC) in response to electrical stimulation of thalamocortical afferents. Long-Evans female rats were fed cookies containing either 0 or 6mg/kg of an environmental PCB mixture daily from 4 weeks prior to breeding until postnatal day 21. Brain slices containing projections from the thalamus to the AC were collected from adult female offspring and were bathed in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) alone, aCSF containing a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor antagonist (200nM SR95531), and aCSF containing an and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist (50μM AP5). During each of these drug conditions, electrical stimulations ranging from 25 to 600μA were delivered to the thalamocortical afferents. Activation of the AC was measured using flavoprotein autofluorescence imaging. Although there were no differences seen between treatment groups in the aCSF condition, there were significant increases in the ratio of aCSF/SR95531 activation in slices from PCB-exposed animals compared to control animals. This effect was seen in both the upper and lower layers of the AC. No differences in activation were noted between treatment groups when slices were exposed to AP5. These data suggest that developmental PCB exposure leads to increased sensitivity to antagonism of GABAA receptors in the AC without a change in NMDA-mediated intrinsic excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee N Sadowski
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 60801, United States; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
| | - Kevin A Stebbings
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 60801, United States; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Bernard J Slater
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 60801, United States; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Suren B Bandara
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 60801, United States; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Daniel A Llano
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 60801, United States; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Susan L Schantz
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 60801, United States; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, United States
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Ortiga-Carvalho TM, Chiamolera MI, Pazos-Moura CC, Wondisford FE. Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis. Compr Physiol 2016; 6:1387-428. [PMID: 27347897 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c150027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis determines the set point of thyroid hormone (TH) production. Hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulates the synthesis and secretion of pituitary thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone, TSH), which acts at the thyroid to stimulate all steps of TH biosynthesis and secretion. The THs thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) control the secretion of TRH and TSH by negative feedback to maintain physiological levels of the main hormones of the HPT axis. Reduction of circulating TH levels due to primary thyroid failure results in increased TRH and TSH production, whereas the opposite occurs when circulating THs are in excess. Other neural, humoral, and local factors modulate the HPT axis and, in specific situations, determine alterations in the physiological function of the axis. The roles of THs are vital to nervous system development, linear growth, energetic metabolism, and thermogenesis. THs also regulate the hepatic metabolism of nutrients, fluid balance and the cardiovascular system. In cells, TH actions are mediated mainly by nuclear TH receptors (210), which modify gene expression. T3 is the preferred ligand of THR, whereas T4, the serum concentration of which is 100-fold higher than that of T3, undergoes extra-thyroidal conversion to T3. This conversion is catalyzed by 5'-deiodinases (D1 and D2), which are TH-activating enzymes. T4 can also be inactivated by conversion to reverse T3, which has very low affinity for THR, by 5-deiodinase (D3). The regulation of deiodinases, particularly D2, and TH transporters at the cell membrane control T3 availability, which is fundamental for TH action. © 2016 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 6:1387-1428, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania M Ortiga-Carvalho
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria I Chiamolera
- Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carmen C Pazos-Moura
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fredic E Wondisford
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Milanesi A, Lee JW, Kim NH, Liu YY, Yang A, Sedrakyan S, Kahng A, Cervantes V, Tripuraneni N, Cheng SY, Perin L, Brent GA. Thyroid Hormone Receptor α Plays an Essential Role in Male Skeletal Muscle Myoblast Proliferation, Differentiation, and Response to Injury. Endocrinology 2016; 157:4-15. [PMID: 26451739 PMCID: PMC4701883 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone plays an essential role in myogenesis, the process required for skeletal muscle development and repair, although the mechanisms have not been established. Skeletal muscle develops from the fusion of precursor myoblasts into myofibers. We have used the C2C12 skeletal muscle myoblast cell line, primary myoblasts, and mouse models of resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) α and β, to determine the role of thyroid hormone in the regulation of myoblast differentiation. T3, which activates thyroid hormone receptor (TR) α and β, increased myoblast differentiation whereas GC1, a selective TRβ agonist, was minimally effective. Genetic approaches confirmed that TRα plays an important role in normal myoblast proliferation and differentiation and acts through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Myoblasts with TRα knockdown, or derived from RTH-TRα PV (a frame-shift mutation) mice, displayed reduced proliferation and myogenic differentiation. Moreover, skeletal muscle from the TRα1PV mutant mouse had impaired in vivo regeneration after injury. RTH-TRβ PV mutant mouse model skeletal muscle and derived primary myoblasts did not have altered proliferation, myogenic differentiation, or response to injury when compared with control. In conclusion, TRα plays an essential role in myoblast homeostasis and provides a potential therapeutic target to enhance skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Milanesi
- Department of Medicine (A.M., Y.-Y.L., A.Y., G.A.B.), Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Neurosurgery (J.-W.L., N.-H.K., A.K., V.C.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048; Department of Urology (S.S., N.T., L.P.), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027; and National Cancer Institute (S.C.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Jang-Won Lee
- Department of Medicine (A.M., Y.-Y.L., A.Y., G.A.B.), Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Neurosurgery (J.-W.L., N.-H.K., A.K., V.C.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048; Department of Urology (S.S., N.T., L.P.), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027; and National Cancer Institute (S.C.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Nam-Ho Kim
- Department of Medicine (A.M., Y.-Y.L., A.Y., G.A.B.), Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Neurosurgery (J.-W.L., N.-H.K., A.K., V.C.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048; Department of Urology (S.S., N.T., L.P.), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027; and National Cancer Institute (S.C.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Yan-Yun Liu
- Department of Medicine (A.M., Y.-Y.L., A.Y., G.A.B.), Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Neurosurgery (J.-W.L., N.-H.K., A.K., V.C.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048; Department of Urology (S.S., N.T., L.P.), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027; and National Cancer Institute (S.C.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - An Yang
- Department of Medicine (A.M., Y.-Y.L., A.Y., G.A.B.), Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Neurosurgery (J.-W.L., N.-H.K., A.K., V.C.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048; Department of Urology (S.S., N.T., L.P.), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027; and National Cancer Institute (S.C.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Sargis Sedrakyan
- Department of Medicine (A.M., Y.-Y.L., A.Y., G.A.B.), Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Neurosurgery (J.-W.L., N.-H.K., A.K., V.C.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048; Department of Urology (S.S., N.T., L.P.), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027; and National Cancer Institute (S.C.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Andrew Kahng
- Department of Medicine (A.M., Y.-Y.L., A.Y., G.A.B.), Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Neurosurgery (J.-W.L., N.-H.K., A.K., V.C.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048; Department of Urology (S.S., N.T., L.P.), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027; and National Cancer Institute (S.C.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Vanessa Cervantes
- Department of Medicine (A.M., Y.-Y.L., A.Y., G.A.B.), Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Neurosurgery (J.-W.L., N.-H.K., A.K., V.C.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048; Department of Urology (S.S., N.T., L.P.), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027; and National Cancer Institute (S.C.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Nikita Tripuraneni
- Department of Medicine (A.M., Y.-Y.L., A.Y., G.A.B.), Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Neurosurgery (J.-W.L., N.-H.K., A.K., V.C.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048; Department of Urology (S.S., N.T., L.P.), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027; and National Cancer Institute (S.C.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Sheue-yann Cheng
- Department of Medicine (A.M., Y.-Y.L., A.Y., G.A.B.), Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Neurosurgery (J.-W.L., N.-H.K., A.K., V.C.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048; Department of Urology (S.S., N.T., L.P.), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027; and National Cancer Institute (S.C.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Laura Perin
- Department of Medicine (A.M., Y.-Y.L., A.Y., G.A.B.), Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Neurosurgery (J.-W.L., N.-H.K., A.K., V.C.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048; Department of Urology (S.S., N.T., L.P.), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027; and National Cancer Institute (S.C.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Gregory A Brent
- Department of Medicine (A.M., Y.-Y.L., A.Y., G.A.B.), Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90073; Department of Neurosurgery (J.-W.L., N.-H.K., A.K., V.C.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048; Department of Urology (S.S., N.T., L.P.), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027; and National Cancer Institute (S.C.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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Sundaresan S, Kong JH, Fang Q, Salles FT, Wangsawihardja F, Ricci AJ, Mustapha M. Thyroid hormone is required for pruning, functioning and long-term maintenance of afferent inner hair cell synapses. Eur J Neurosci 2015; 43:148-61. [PMID: 26386265 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Functional maturation of afferent synaptic connections to inner hair cells (IHCs) involves pruning of excess synapses formed during development, as well as the strengthening and survival of the retained synapses. These events take place during the thyroid hormone (TH)-critical period of cochlear development, which is in the perinatal period for mice and in the third trimester for humans. Here, we used the hypothyroid Snell dwarf mouse (Pit1(dw)) as a model to study the role of TH in afferent type I synaptic refinement and functional maturation. We observed defects in afferent synaptic pruning and delays in calcium channel clustering in the IHCs of Pit1(dw) mice. Nevertheless, calcium currents and capacitance reached near normal levels in Pit1(dw) IHCs by the age of onset of hearing, despite the excess number of retained synapses. We restored normal synaptic pruning in Pit1(dw) IHCs by supplementing with TH from postnatal day (P)3 to P8, establishing this window as being critical for TH action on this process. Afferent terminals of older Pit1(dw) IHCs showed evidence of excitotoxic damage accompanied by a concomitant reduction in the levels of the glial glutamate transporter, GLAST. Our results indicate that a lack of TH during a critical period of inner ear development causes defects in pruning and long-term homeostatic maintenance of afferent synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srividya Sundaresan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Room R111A, Stanford, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Jee-Hyun Kong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Room R111A, Stanford, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Qing Fang
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Felipe T Salles
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Room R111A, Stanford, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Felix Wangsawihardja
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Room R111A, Stanford, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Anthony J Ricci
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Room R111A, Stanford, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Mirna Mustapha
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Room R111A, Stanford, CA, 94035, USA
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Ng L, Cordas E, Wu X, Vella KR, Hollenberg AN, Forrest D. Age-Related Hearing Loss and Degeneration of Cochlear Hair Cells in Mice Lacking Thyroid Hormone Receptor β1. Endocrinology 2015; 156:3853-65. [PMID: 26241124 PMCID: PMC4588828 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A key function of the thyroid hormone receptor β (Thrb) gene is in the development of auditory function. However, the roles of the 2 receptor isoforms, TRβ1 and TRβ2, expressed by the Thrb gene are unclear, and it is unknown whether these isoforms promote the maintenance as well as development of hearing. We investigated the function of TRβ1 in mice with a Thrb(b1) reporter allele that expresses β-galactosidase instead of TRβ1. In the immature cochlea, β-galactosidase was detected in the greater epithelial ridge, sensory hair cells, spiral ligament, and spiral ganglion and in adulthood, at low levels in the hair cells, support cells and root cells of the outer sulcus. Although deletion of all TRβ isoforms causes severe, early-onset deafness, deletion of TRβ1 or TRβ2 individually caused no obvious hearing loss in juvenile mice. However, over subsequent months, TRβ1 deficiency resulted in progressive loss of hearing and loss of hair cells. TRβ1-deficient mice had minimal changes in serum thyroid hormone and thyrotropin levels, indicating that hormonal imbalances were unlikely to cause hearing loss. The results suggest mutually shared roles for TRβ1 and TRβ2 in cochlear development and an unexpected requirement for TRβ1 in the maintenance of hearing in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Ng
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology (L.N., E.C., X.W., D.F.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (K.R.V., A.N.H.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Emily Cordas
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology (L.N., E.C., X.W., D.F.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (K.R.V., A.N.H.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology (L.N., E.C., X.W., D.F.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (K.R.V., A.N.H.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Kristen R Vella
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology (L.N., E.C., X.W., D.F.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (K.R.V., A.N.H.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Anthony N Hollenberg
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology (L.N., E.C., X.W., D.F.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (K.R.V., A.N.H.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Douglas Forrest
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology (L.N., E.C., X.W., D.F.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (K.R.V., A.N.H.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
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Huang CCJ, Kraft C, Moy N, Ng L, Forrest D. A Novel Population of Inner Cortical Cells in the Adrenal Gland That Displays Sexually Dimorphic Expression of Thyroid Hormone Receptor-β1. Endocrinology 2015; 156:2338-48. [PMID: 25774556 PMCID: PMC4430604 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of the adrenal cortex involves the formation and then subsequent regression of immature or fetal inner cell layers as the mature steroidogenic outer layers expand. However, controls over this remodeling, especially in the immature inner layer, are incompletely understood. Here we identify an inner cortical cell population that expresses thyroid hormone receptor-β1 (TRβ1), one of two receptor isoforms encoded by the Thrb gene. Using mice with a Thrb(b1) reporter allele that expresses lacZ instead of TRβ1, β-galactosidase was detected in the inner cortex from early stages. Expression peaked at juvenile ages in an inner zone that included cells expressing 20-α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, a marker of the transient, so-called X-zone in mice. The β-galactosidase-positive zone displayed sexually dimorphic regression in males after approximately 4 weeks of age but persisted in females into adulthood in either nulliparous or parous states. T3 treatment promoted hypertrophy of inner cortical cells, induced some markers of mature cortical cells, and, in males, delayed the regression of the TRβ1-positive zone, suggesting that TRβ1 could partly divert the differentiation fate and counteract male-specific regression of inner zone cells. TRβ1-deficient mice were resistant to these actions of T3, supporting a functional role for TRβ1 in the inner cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Che Jeff Huang
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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Peeters RP, Ng L, Ma M, Forrest D. The timecourse of apoptotic cell death during postnatal remodeling of the mouse cochlea and its premature onset by triiodothyronine (T3). Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 407:1-8. [PMID: 25737207 PMCID: PMC4390549 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis underlies various forms of tissue remodeling during development. Prior to the onset of hearing, thyroid hormone (T3) promotes cochlear remodeling, which involves regression of the greater epithelial ridge (GER), a transient structure of columnar cells adjacent to the mechanosensory hair cells. We investigated the timecourse of apoptosis in the GER and the influence of ectopic T3 on apoptosis. In saline-treated mice, activated caspase 3-positive cells were detected in the GER between postnatal days 7 and 13 and appeared progressively along the cochlear duct from base to apex over developmental time. T3 given on P0 and P1 advanced the overall program of apoptosis and remodeling by ~4 days. Thyroid hormone receptor β was required for these actions, suggesting a receptor-mediated process of initiation of apoptosis. Finally, T3 given only at P0 or P1 resulted in deafness in adult mice, thus revealing a transient period of susceptibility to long-term damage in the neonatal auditory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Peeters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
| | - L Ng
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - M Ma
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - D Forrest
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Darras VM, Houbrechts AM, Van Herck SL. Intracellular thyroid hormone metabolism as a local regulator of nuclear thyroid hormone receptor-mediated impact on vertebrate development. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2015; 1849:130-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Developmental exposure to purity-controlled polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCB74 and PCB95) in rats: effects on brainstem auditory evoked potentials and catalepsy. Toxicology 2014; 327:22-31. [PMID: 25449634 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Whereas the effects of dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) are well described, less is known about non-dioxin-like PCBs (NDL-PCBs), including influences on the nervous system and related behavioral effects after developmental exposure. Following the examination of the highly purified NDL congeners PCB52 and PCB180, we report here the results of experiments with PCB74 and PCB95. Rat dams were orally exposed to equimolar doses of either congener (40μmol/kg bw - 11.68mg PCB74/kg bw or 13.06mg PCB95/kg bw) from gestational day (GD) 10 to postnatal day (PND) 7. Control dams were given the vehicle. Adult offspring were tested for cataleptic behavior after induction with haloperidol, a classical neuroleptic drug, and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs), using clicks and tone pips of different frequencies for stimulation. Results revealed slight effects on latencies to movement onset in female offspring exposed to PCB74, whereas PCB74 males and offspring exposed to PCB95 were not affected. Pronounced changes were observed in BAEPs at low frequencies in PCB74 offspring, with elevated thresholds in both sexes. PCB95 increased thresholds in males, but not females. Small effects were detected on latency of the late wave IV in both sexes after developmental exposure to PCB74 or PCB95. Compared with the other NDL-PCB congeners tested, PCB74 caused the most pronounced effects on BAEPs.
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Developmental neurotoxicity of 3,3',4,4'-tetrachloroazobenzene with thyroxine deficit: Sensitivity of glia and dentate granule neurons in the absence of behavioral changes. TOXICS 2014; 2:496-532. [PMID: 26029700 PMCID: PMC4445902 DOI: 10.3390/toxics2030496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) regulate biological processes implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders and can be altered with environmental exposures. Developmental exposure to the dioxin-like compound, 3,3',4,4'-tetrachloroazobenzene (TCAB), induced a dose response deficit in serum T4 levels with no change in 3,5,3'- triiodothyronine or thyroid stimulating hormone. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were orally gavaged (corn oil, 0.1, 1.0, or 10 mg TCAB/kg/day) two weeks prior to cohabitation until post-partum day 3 and male offspring from post-natal day (PND)4-21. At PND21, the high dose showed a deficit in body weight gain. Conventional neuropathology detected no neuronal death, myelin disruption, or gliosis. Astrocytes displayed thinner and less complex processes at 1.0 and 10 mg/kg/day. At 10 mg/kg/day, microglia showed less complex processes, unbiased stereology detected fewer hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons and dentate granule neurons (GC) and Golgi staining of the cerebellum showed diminished Purkinje cell dendritic arbor. At PND150, normal maturation of GC number and Purkinje cell branching area was not observed in the 1.0 mg/kg/day dose group with a diminished number and branching suggestive of effects initiated during developmental exposure. No effects were observed on post-weaning behavioral assessments in control, 0.1 and 1.0mg/kg/day dose groups. The demonstrated sensitivity of hippocampal neurons and glial cells to TCAB and T4 deficit raises support for considering additional anatomical features of brain development in future DNT evaluations.
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Kölliker's organ and the development of spontaneous activity in the auditory system: implications for hearing dysfunction. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:367939. [PMID: 25210710 PMCID: PMC4156998 DOI: 10.1155/2014/367939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Prior to the “onset of hearing,” developing cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs) and primary auditory neurons undergo experience-independent activity, which is thought to be important in retaining and refining neural connections in the absence of sound. One of the major hypotheses regarding the origin of such activity involves a group of columnar epithelial supporting cells forming Kölliker's organ, which is only present during this critical period of auditory development. There is strong evidence for a purinergic signalling mechanism underlying such activity. ATP released through connexin hemichannels may activate P2 purinergic receptors in both Kölliker's organ and the adjacent IHCs, leading to generation of electrical activity throughout the auditory system. However, recent work has suggested an alternative origin, by demonstrating the ability of IHCs to generate this spontaneous activity without activation by ATP. Regardless, developmental abnormalities of Kölliker's organ may lead to congenital hearing loss, considering that mutations in ion channels (hemichannels, gap junctions, and calcium channels) involved in Kölliker's organ activity share strong links with such types of deafness.
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