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Xie K, Qi J, Deng L, Yu B, Luo Y, Huang Z, Mao X, Yu J, Zheng P, Yan H, Li Y, Li H, He J. Protective effect of dihydromyricetin on intestinal epithelium in weaned pigs upon enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli challenge. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 140:112806. [PMID: 39098232 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Dihydromyricetin (DMY), a natural flavonoid compound, are believed to prevent inflammatory response, dealing with pathogens and repairing the intestinal barrier. The objective of this study was to investigate whether DMY supplementation could attenuate intestinal damage in the context of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 (ETEC F4+) infection. After weaning, different litters of pigs were randomly assigned to one of the following treatments: (1) non-challenged control (CON, fed with basal diet); (2) ETEC-challenged control (ECON, fed with basal diet); and (3) ETEC challenge + DMY treatment (EDMY, fed with basal diet plus 300 mg kg-1 DMY). We observed a significant reduction in fecal Escherichia coli shedding and diarrhea incidence, but an increase in ADG in pigs of EDMY group compared to the pigs of ECON group. Relative to the pigs of ECON group, dietary DMY treatment decreased (P < 0.05) concentrations of the serum D-xylose, D-lactate and diamine oxidase (DAO), but increased the abundance of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in the jejunum of pigs. In addition, DMY also decreased (P < 0.05) the number of S-phase cells and the percentage of total apoptotic epithelial cells of jejunal epithelium in pigs of the EDMY group compared to the pigs of the ECON group. Furthermore, DMY decreased the mRNA expression levels of critical immune-associated genes TLR4, NFκB, Caspase3, Caspase9, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and the protein p-NFκB and p-IκBα expressions of intestinal epithelium in pigs of the EDMY group compared to the pigs of the ECON group. Compared to the ECON group, DMY elevated (P < 0.05) the expression levels of β-defensins PBD1, PBD2, PBD3, PBD129, as well as the abundance of secreted IgA in intestinal mucosae of the EDMY group. Thus, our results indicate that DMY may relieve intestinal integrity damage due to Escherichia coli F4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunhong Xie
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jiawen Qi
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Lili Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Hui Yan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Hua Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
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Tian T, Zhu Y, Shi J, Shang K, Yin Z, Shi H, He Y, Ding J, Zhang F. The development of a human Brucella mucosal vaccine: What should be considered? Life Sci 2024; 355:122986. [PMID: 39151885 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a chronic infectious disease that is zoonotic in nature. Brucella can infect humans through interactions with livestock, primarily via the digestive tract, respiratory tract, and oral cavity. This bacterium has the potential to be utilized as a biological weapon and is classified as a Category B pathogen by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Currently, there is no approved vaccine for humans against Brucella, highlighting an urgent need for the development of a vaccine to mitigate the risks posed by this pathogen. Brucella primarily infects its host by adhering to and penetrating mucosal surfaces. Mucosal immunity plays a vital role in preventing local infections, clearing microorganisms from mucosal surfaces, and inhibiting the spread of pathogens. As mucosal vaccine strategies continue to evolve, the development of a safe and effective mucosal vaccine against Brucella appears promising.This paper reviews the immune mechanism of mucosal vaccines, the infection mechanism of Brucella, successful Brucella mucosal vaccines in animals, and mucosal adjuvants. Additionally, it elucidates targeting and optimization strategies for mucosal vaccines to facilitate the development of human vaccines against Brucella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, The First Affiliated hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China
| | - Yuejie Zhu
- Reproductive Fertility Assistance Center, First Afffliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China
| | - Juan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, The First Affiliated hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China
| | - Kaiyu Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, The First Affiliated hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China
| | - Zhengwei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, The First Affiliated hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China
| | - Huidong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, The First Affiliated hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China
| | - Yueyue He
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, The First Affiliated hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China
| | - Jianbing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, The First Affiliated hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China
| | - Fengbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, The First Affiliated hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China; Department of Clinical laboratory, The First Affiliated hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China.
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Zhong S, Qi YY, Yuan Y, Lian L, Deng Z, Pan F, Zhou J, Wang Z, Li H. Ganoderma lucidum spore powder after oil extraction alleviates microbiota dysbiosis to improve the intestinal barrier function in mice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 39243161 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few studies about the differences in the composition of moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fat, crude polysaccharide and ergothioneine in Ganoderma lucidum spore powder (GLSP) from different origins. As for GLSP after oil extraction (OE-GLSP), there are still lots of bioactive substance in it. It can be seen that OE-GLSP has certain biological activity. The effect of OE-GLSP on the improvement of intestinal barrier function has been less studied. RESULTS The results showed that there were significant differences for GLSP from five different origins (Anhui, Jilin, Jiangxi, Shandong and Zhejiang) in moisture (0.065-0.113%), ash (0.603-0.955%), crude fat (42.444-44.773%), crude polysaccharide (2.977-4.127%), crude protein (14.761-17.639%) and ergothioneine (0.552-1.816 mg g-1) (P < 0.05). The monosaccharides of GLSP polysaccharide mainly consist of glucose, galactose, mannose, rhamnose, etc. Moreover, the effects of OE-GLSP supplementation on the regulation of organ index, colonic tissue and intestinal microbiota in C57BL/6J mice were investigated. The supplement of OE-GLSP could restore the organ index and weight loss of antibiotic-treated mice. Moreover, OE-GLSP led to the improvement of intestinal dysbiosis by enriching Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Lactobacillus and Roseburia, and increasing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. In addition, OE-GLSP intervention repaired intestinal barrier dysfunction by increasing the expression of tight junction proteins (Occludin, Claudin-1 and E-cadherin). CONCLUSION Different GLSP from five origins exhibited significant differences in microstructure and contents of crude polysaccharide, crude protein, crude fat, water, ash and ergothioneine. Moreover, it was found that OE-GLSP could improve the intestinal barrier function and induce potentially beneficial changes in intestinal flora. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yao Yao Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Li Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zeyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Feng Pan
- Jiangxi Xiankelai Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Jiujiang, China
| | - Junfu Zhou
- Jiangxi Xiankelai Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Jiujiang, China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- Jiangxi Xiankelai Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Jiujiang, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Sun S, Zhang G, Lv S, Sun J. Potential mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of liver cirrhosis: a focus on gut microbiota. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1407991. [PMID: 39234554 PMCID: PMC11371771 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1407991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cirrhosis, a pathological stage that develops from various chronic liver diseases, is characterized by liver fibrosis, pseudolobular formation, and chronic inflammation. When it progresses to the decompensated phase, the mortality rate of cirrhosis can reach 80%. The role of gut microbiota in the progression of liver diseases has received significant attention. Numerous studies have shown that regulating gut microbiota has significant therapeutic effects on preventing and reversing liver cirrhosis. This article reviewed the mechanisms by which gut microbiota influence liver cirrhosis, explaining the effective therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicine. Through multi-directional regulation involving signaling pathways, gut microbiota diversity, and restoration of intestinal barrier function, traditional Chinese medicine has been promising in ameliorating liver cirrhosis, providing treatment options and pharmacological guidance for the occurrence and development of liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Sun
- First Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guangheng Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shimeng Lv
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jinhui Sun
- Gastroenterology Department, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Kong C, Yang M, Yue N, Zhang Y, Tian C, Wei D, Shi R, Yao J, Wang L, Li D. Restore Intestinal Barrier Integrity: An Approach for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Therapy. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:5389-5413. [PMID: 39161679 PMCID: PMC11330754 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s470520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal barrier maintained by various types of columnar epithelial cells, plays a crucial role in regulating the interactions between the intestinal contents (such as the intestinal microbiota), the immune system, and other components. Dysfunction of the intestinal mucosa is a significant pathophysiological mechanism and clinical manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, current therapies for IBD primarily focus on suppressing inflammation, and no disease-modifying treatments specifically target the epithelial barrier. Given the side effects associated with chronic immunotherapy, effective alternative therapies that promote mucosal healing are highly attractive. In this review, we examined the function of intestinal epithelial barrier function and the mechanisms of behind its disruption in IBD. We illustrated the complex process of intestinal mucosal healing and proposed therapeutic approaches to promote mucosal healing strategies in IBD. These included the application of stem cell transplantation and organ-like tissue engineering approaches to generate new intestinal tissue. Finally, we discussed potential strategies to restore the function of the intestinal barrier as a treatment for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Kong
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meifeng Yang
- Department of Hematology, Yantian District People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ningning Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Administration, Huizhou Institute of Occupational Diseases Control and Prevention, Huizhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengmei Tian
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daoru Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiyue Shi
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Yao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Defeng Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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Xinxin Z, Xianzhou L, Dandan P, Yan W, Zhenyu L. Immunization with the glutathione S-transferase Sj26GST with Chi-CpG NP against Schistosoma japonicum in mice. Microb Pathog 2024; 195:106847. [PMID: 39127365 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) is a major public health problem in the Philippines, China and Indonesia. In this study, the immunopotentiator CpG-ODN was encapsulated within chitosan nanoparticles (Chi NPs) to create a combination adjuvant (Chi-CpG NP). This approach was employed to enhance the immunogenicity of 26 kDa glutathione S-transferase (Sj26GST) from S. japonicum through intranasal immunization. The results demonstrated higher levels of specific anti-Sj26GST antibodies and Sj26GST-specific splenocyte proliferation compared to mice that were immunized with Sj26GST + Chi-CpG NP. Cytokine analysis of splenocytes revealed that the Sj26GST + Chi-CpG NP induced a slight Th1-biased immune response, with increased production of IFN-γ by CD4+ T-cells in the spleen. Subsequently, mice were intradermally inoculated with 1 × 107 organisms in the Coeliac cavity. The bacterial organ burden detected in the liver of immunized mice suggested that Sj26GST + Chi-CpG NP enhances protective immunity to inhibit S. japonicum colonization. Therefore, Sj26GST + Chi-CpG NP vaccination enhances Sj26GST-specific immunogenicity and provides protection against S. japonicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Xinxin
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Lu Xianzhou
- Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Pan Dandan
- Operating Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Wang Yan
- Operating Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
| | - Li Zhenyu
- Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, Hengyang, 421001, China; Hengnan People's Hospital, Hengyang, 421001, China.
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Liu Y, Long M, Wang Y, Liang Z, Dong Y, Qu M, Ge X, Nan Y, Chen Y, Zhou X. Chitosan-alginate/R8 ternary polyelectrolyte complex as an oral protein-based vaccine candidate induce effective mucosal immune responses. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133671. [PMID: 38971274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective method for preventing infectious diseases. Oral vaccinations have attracted much attention due to the ability to boost intestinal and systemic immunity. The focus of this study was to develop a poly (lactide-co-glycolide) acid (PLGA)-based ternary polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) with chitosan, sodium alginate, and transmembrane peptides R8 for the delivery of antigen proteins. In this study, the antigen protein (HBf), consisting of the Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) antigens HBHA, Ag85B, and Bfra, was combined with R8 to generate self-assembled conjugates. The results showed that PEC presented a cross-linked reticular structure to protect the encapsulated proteins in the simulated gastric fluid. Then, the nanocomposite separated into individual nanoparticles after entering the simulated intestinal fluid. The ternary PEC with R8 promoted the in vivo uptake of antigens by intestinal lymphoid tissue. Moreover, the ternary PEC administered orally to mice promoted the secretion of specific antibodies and intestinal mucosal IgA. In addition, in the mouse models of MAP infection, the ternary PEC enhanced splenic T cell responses, thus reducing bacterial load and liver pathology score. These results suggested that this ternary electrolyte complex could be a promising delivery platform for oral subunit vaccine candidates, not limited to MAP infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiduo Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Meizhen Long
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yuanzhi Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhengmin Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yuhui Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Mengjin Qu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xin Ge
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yue Nan
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yulan Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiangmei Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Yount KS, Darville T. Immunity to Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections of the Female Genital Tract: Toward Effective Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:863. [PMID: 39203989 PMCID: PMC11359697 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12080863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) caused by bacterial pathogens Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Treponema pallidum present significant public health challenges. These infections profoundly impact reproductive health, leading to pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, and increased susceptibility to other infections. Prevention measures, including antibiotic treatments, are limited by the often-asymptomatic nature of these infections, the need for repetitive and continual screening of sexually active persons, antibiotic resistance for gonorrhea, and shortages of penicillin for syphilis. While vaccines exist for viral STIs like human papillomavirus (HPV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV), there are no vaccines available for bacterial STIs. This review examines the immune responses in the female genital tract to these bacterial pathogens and the implications for developing effective vaccines against bacterial STIs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Toni Darville
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
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Jung HS, Park YJ, Gu BH, Han G, Ji W, Hwang SM, Kim M. Coumarin derivatives ameliorate the intestinal inflammation and pathogenic gut microbiome changes in the model of infectious colitis through antibacterial activity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1362773. [PMID: 39081865 PMCID: PMC11287663 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1362773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Coumarin, a phenolic compound, is a secondary metabolite produced by plants such as Tanga and Lime. Coumarin derivatives were prepared via Pechmann condensation. In this study, we performed in vitro and in vivo experiments to determine the antimicrobial and gut immune-regulatory functions of coumarin derivatives. For the in vitro antimicrobial activity assay, coumarin derivatives C1 and C2 were selected based on their pathogen-killing activity against various pathogenic microbes. We further demonstrated that the selected coumarin derivatives disrupted bacterial cell membranes. Next, we examined the regulatory function of the coumarin derivatives in gut inflammation using an infectious colitis model. In an in vivo infectious colitis model, administration of selected C1 coumarin derivatives reduced pathogen loads, the number of inflammatory immune cells (Th1 cells and Th17 cells), and inflammatory cytokine levels (IL-6 and IL-1b) in the intestinal tissue after pathogen infection. In addition, we found that the administration of C1 coumarin derivatives minimized abnormal gut microbiome shift-driven pathogen infection. Potential pathogenic gut microbes, such as Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcaceae, were increased by pathogen infection. However, this pathogenic microbial expansion was minimized and beneficial bacteria, such as Ligilactobacillus and Limosilactobacillus, increased with C1 coumarin derivative treatment. Functional gene enrichment assessment revealed that the relative abundance of genes associated with lipid and nucleotide metabolism was reduced by pathogen infection; however, this phenomenon was not observed in C1 coumarin derivative-treated animals. Collectively, our data suggest that C1 coumarin derivative is effective antibacterial agents that minimize pathogen-induced gut inflammation and abnormal gut microbiome modulation through their antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-su Jung
- Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resource & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yei Ju Park
- R & D Center, EyeGene, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon-Hee Gu
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Goeun Han
- Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resource & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
- Future Earth Research Institute, PNU JYS Science Academy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Woonhak Ji
- Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resource & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Su mi Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health and Medical Science, Sangji University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myunghoo Kim
- Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resource & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
- Future Earth Research Institute, PNU JYS Science Academy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Sadeghi J, Zaib F, Heath DD. Genetic architecture and correlations between the gut microbiome and gut gene transcription in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Heredity (Edinb) 2024; 133:54-66. [PMID: 38822131 PMCID: PMC11222526 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-024-00692-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Population divergence through selection can drive local adaptation in natural populations which has implications for the effective restoration of declining and extirpated populations. However, adaptation to local environmental conditions is complicated when both the host and its associated microbiomes must respond via co-evolutionary change. Nevertheless, for adaptation to occur through selection, variation in both host and microbiome traits should include additive genetic effects. Here we focus on host immune function and quantify factors affecting variation in gut immune gene transcription and gut bacterial community composition in early life-stage Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Specifically, we utilized a replicated factorial breeding design to determine the genetic architecture (sire, dam and sire-by-dam interaction) of gut immune gene transcription and microbiome composition. Furthermore, we explored correlations between host gut gene transcription and microbiota composition. Gene transcription was quantified using nanofluidic qPCR arrays (22 target genes) and microbiota composition using 16 S rRNA gene (V5-V6) amplicon sequencing. We discovered limited but significant genetic architecture in gut microbiota composition and transcriptional profiles. We also identified significant correlations between gut gene transcription and microbiota composition, highlighting potential mechanisms for functional interactions between the two. Overall, this study provides support for the co-evolution of host immune function and their gut microbiota in Chinook salmon, a species recognized as locally adapted. Thus, the inclusion of immune gene transcription profile and gut microbiome composition as factors in the development of conservation and commercial rearing practices may provide new and more effective approaches to captive rearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sadeghi
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
- Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto-Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Farwa Zaib
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel D Heath
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada.
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, Ontario, ON, Canada.
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11
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Sepahi A, Ho HE, Vyas P, Umiker B, Kis-Toth K, Wiederschain D, Radigan L, Cunningham-Rundles C. ICOS agonist vopratelimab modulates follicular helper T cells and improves B cell function in common variable immunodeficiency. Clin Immunol 2024; 264:110217. [PMID: 38621471 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is an immune defect characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and impaired development of B cells into plasma cells. As follicular helper T cells (TFH) play a central role in humoral immunity, we examined TFH cells in CVID, and investigated whether an inducible T cell co-stimulator (ICOS) agonist, vopratelimab, could modulate TFH, B cell interactions and enhance immunoglobulin production. CVID subjects had decreased TFH17 and increased TFH1 subsets; this was associated with increased transitional B cells and decreased IgG+ B and IgD-IgM-CD27+ memory B cells. ICOS expression on CVID CD4+ T cells was also decreased. However, ICOS activation of CD4+ T cells by vopratelimab significantly increased total CVID TFH, TFH2, cell numbers, as well as IL-4, IL-10 and IL-21 secretion in vitro. Vopratelimab treatment also increased plasma cells, IgG+ B cells, reduced naïve & transitional B cells and significantly increased IgG1 secretion by CVID B cells. Interestingly, vopratelimab treatment also restored IgA secretion in PBMCs from several CVID patients who had a complete lack of endogenous serum IgA. Our data demonstrate the potential of TFH modulation in restoring TFH and enhancing B cell maturation in CVID. The effects of an ICOS agonist in antibody defects warrants further investigation. This biologic may also be of therapeutic interest in other clinical settings of antibody deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sepahi
- PharmaEssentia Innovation Research Center, Bedford, MA, United States; Concentra Biosciences, LLC, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Hsi-En Ho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Prapti Vyas
- ReNAgade Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, United States; Concentra Biosciences, LLC, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Benjamin Umiker
- AstraZeneca, Cambridge, MA, United States; Concentra Biosciences, LLC, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Katalin Kis-Toth
- NextPoint Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States; Concentra Biosciences, LLC, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Dmitri Wiederschain
- Crossbow Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, United States; Concentra Biosciences, LLC, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Lin Radigan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
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12
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Barber MF, Fitzgerald JR. Mechanisms of host adaptation by bacterial pathogens. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2024; 48:fuae019. [PMID: 39003250 PMCID: PMC11308195 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of new infectious diseases poses a major threat to humans, animals, and broader ecosystems. Defining factors that govern the ability of pathogens to adapt to new host species is therefore a crucial research imperative. Pathogenic bacteria are of particular concern, given dwindling treatment options amid the continued expansion of antimicrobial resistance. In this review, we summarize recent advancements in the understanding of bacterial host species adaptation, with an emphasis on pathogens of humans and related mammals. We focus particularly on molecular mechanisms underlying key steps of bacterial host adaptation including colonization, nutrient acquisition, and immune evasion, as well as suggest key areas for future investigation. By developing a greater understanding of the mechanisms of host adaptation in pathogenic bacteria, we may uncover new strategies to target these microbes for the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases in humans, animals, and the broader environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew F Barber
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, United States
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, United States
| | - J Ross Fitzgerald
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
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13
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Wang X, Wen X, Yuan S, Zhang J. Gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis of sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 195:106499. [PMID: 38588753 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut-brain axis is a bidirectional communication network linking the gut and the brain, overseeing digestive functions, emotional responses, body immunity, brain development, and overall health. Substantial research highlights a connection between disruptions of the gut-brain axis and various psychiatric and neurological conditions, including depression and Alzheimer's disease. Given the impact of the gut-brain axis on behavior, cognition, and brain diseases, some studies have started to pay attention to the role of the axis in sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), where cognitive impairment is the primary manifestation. SAE emerges as the primary and earliest form of organ dysfunction following sepsis, potentially leading to acute cognitive impairment and long-term cognitive decline in patients. Notably, the neuronal damage in SAE does not stem directly from the central nervous system (CNS) infection but rather from an infection occurring outside the brain. The gut-brain axis is posited as a pivotal factor in this process. This review will delve into the gut-brain axis, exploring four crucial pathways through which inflammatory signals are transmitted and elevate the incidence of SAE. These pathways encompass the vagus nerve pathway, the neuroendocrine pathway involving the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and serotonin (5-HT) regulation, the neuroimmune pathway, and the microbial regulation. These pathways can operate independently or collaboratively on the CNS to modulate brain activity. Understanding how the gut affects and regulates the CNS could offer the potential to identify novel targets for preventing and treating this condition, ultimately enhancing the prognosis for individuals with SAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, PR China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, PR China
| | - Xiaoyue Wen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, PR China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, PR China
| | - Shiying Yuan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, PR China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, PR China.
| | - Jiancheng Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, PR China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, PR China.
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14
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Cui X, Wang YT. Function of autophagy genes in innate immune defense against mucosal pathogens. Curr Opin Microbiol 2024; 79:102456. [PMID: 38554450 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Mucosal immunity is posed to constantly interact with commensal microbes and invading pathogens. As a fundamental cell biological pathway affecting immune response, autophagy regulates the interaction between mucosal immunity and microbes through multiple mechanisms, including direct elimination of microbes, control of inflammation, antigen presentation and lymphocyte homeostasis, and secretion of immune mediators. Some of these physiologically important functions do not involve canonical degradative autophagy but rely on certain autophagy genes and their 'autophagy gene-specific functions.' Here, we review the relationship between autophagy and important mucosal pathogens, including influenza virus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Salmonella enterica, Citrobacter rodentium, norovirus, and herpes simplex virus, with a particular focus on distinguishing the canonical versus gene-specific mechanisms of autophagy genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Cui
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ya-Ting Wang
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; SXMU-Tsinghua Collaborative Innovation Center for Frontier Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China.
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15
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Wang J, He M, Yang M, Ai X. Gut microbiota as a key regulator of intestinal mucosal immunity. Life Sci 2024; 345:122612. [PMID: 38588949 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Gut microbiota is a complex microbial community with the ability of maintaining intestinal health. Intestinal homeostasis largely depends on the mucosal immune system to defense external pathogens and promote tissue repair. In recent years, growing evidence revealed the importance of gut microbiota in shaping intestinal mucosal immunity. Therefore, according to the existing findings, this review first provided an overview of intestinal mucosal immune system before summarizing the regulatory roles of gut microbiota in intestinal innate and adaptive immunity. Specifically, this review delved into the gut microbial interactions with the cells such as intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), neutrophils, and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in innate immunity, and T and B lymphocytes in adaptive immunity. Furthermore, this review discussed the main effects of gut microbiota dysbiosis in intestinal diseases and offered future research prospects. The review highlighted the key regulatory roles of gut microbiota in intestinal mucosal immunity via various host-microbe interactions, providing valuable references for the development of microbial therapy in intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China; Department of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Mei He
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China; Department of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China; Department of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China.
| | - Xiaopeng Ai
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China; Department of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China.
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16
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Zhang J, Dong C, Lin Y, Shang L, Ma J, Hu R, Wang H. Causal relationship between gut microbiota and gastric cancer: A two‑sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Mol Clin Oncol 2024; 20:38. [PMID: 38628559 PMCID: PMC11019462 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2024.2736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is associated with GC; however, the causal association between the gut microbiota and GC remains to be determined. The aim of the present study was to investigate the causal association between gut microbiota and gastric cancer (GC) from the perspective of Mendelian randomization (MR). The present study performed MR analysis using summary statistics from a genome-wide association study of the gut microbiome and GC. Inverse-variance weighted, MR-Egger and weighted median methods were used to investigate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and GC. Heterogeneity tests were performed using Cochrane's Q statistic. Horizontal polytropy was detected using Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier were eliminated. Estimates from MR indicated that nine gut microorganism remained stable with regard to acceptance of heterogeneity and sensitivity methods. Among them, the genera Prevotella 7, Roseburia and Ruminococcaceae UCG014 were associated with an increased risk of GC; by contrast, the family Enterobacteriaceae, the genera Allisonella, Lachnospiraceae FCS020, Ruminococcaceae UCG004 and Ruminococcaceae UCG009, and the order Enterobacteriales decreased the risk of GC development. The present study demonstrated the potential importance of modulating the abundance of gut microbiota for the prevention and treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianling Zhang
- General Surgery Ward 5, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Chunlu Dong
- General Surgery Ward 3, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Lin
- General Surgery Ward 3, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Lifeng Shang
- Department of General Surgery, Qingdao Eighth People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Junming Ma
- Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750000, P.R. China
| | - Ruiping Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third People's Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Hejing Wang
- Department of Healthcare-Associated Infection Control, The Third People's Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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17
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Gao F, Wu S, Zhang K, Xu Z, Quan F. Goat milk exosomal microRNAs alleviate LPS-induced intestinal inflammation in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131698. [PMID: 38642690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation is a common digestive system disease. Milk-derived exosomes can participate in intercellular communication and transport a variety of bioactive components, and the microRNAs (miRNAs) they carry play important roles in a variety of biological processes in the body. At present, the preventive effect and mechanism of action of goat milk exosomes and their derived miRNAs on intestinal inflammation are still unclear. In this study, the protective effect of goat milk exosomes on LPS-induced intestinal inflammation was investigated using mouse intestinal inflammation model and IEC-6 cell inflammation model. Small RNA sequencing was used to analyze the miRNA expression profile of goat milk exosomes. In this study, C-Exo and M-Exo alleviated intestinal inflammation by reducing the LPS-induced release of proinflammatory cytokines, inhibiting the increase in the NLRP3 protein and the activation of the TLR4/NFκB signaling pathway. C-Exo has a more significant inhibitory effect on them, and better therapeutic efficacy than M-Exo. Notably, the target genes of miRNAs in C-Exo and M-Exo were significantly enriched in immune-related pathways. Furthermore, their derived miR-26a-5p and miR-30a-5p were found to ameliorate the IEC-6 inflammatory response. These findings suggest that miRNAs in goat milk exosomes have the potential to attenuate LPS-induced intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Shenghui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Kang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhiming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Fusheng Quan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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18
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Li F, Wang Z, Cao Y, Pei B, Luo X, Liu J, Ge P, Luo Y, Ma S, Chen H. Intestinal Mucosal Immune Barrier: A Powerful Firewall Against Severe Acute Pancreatitis-Associated Acute Lung Injury via the Gut-Lung Axis. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:2173-2193. [PMID: 38617383 PMCID: PMC11016262 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s448819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of severe acute pancreatitis-associated acute lung injury (SAP-ALI), which is the leading cause of mortality among hospitalized patients in the intensive care unit, remains incompletely elucidated. The intestinal mucosal immune barrier is a crucial component of the intestinal epithelial barrier, and its aberrant activation contributes to the induction of sustained pro-inflammatory immune responses, paradoxical intercellular communication, and bacterial translocation. In this review, we firstly provide a comprehensive overview of the composition of the intestinal mucosal immune barrier and its pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of SAP-ALI. Secondly, the mechanisms of its crosstalk with gut microbiota, which is called gut-lung axis, and its effect on SAP-ALI were summarized. Finally, a number of drugs that could enhance the intestinal mucosal immune barrier and exhibit potential anti-SAP-ALI activities were presented, including probiotics, glutamine, enteral nutrition, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The aim is to offer a theoretical framework based on the perspective of the intestinal mucosal immune barrier to protect against SAP-ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Li
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengjian Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinan Cao
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Boliang Pei
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Luo
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Ge
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yalan Luo
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shurong Ma
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hailong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People’s Republic of China
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19
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Aburto MR, Cryan JF. Gastrointestinal and brain barriers: unlocking gates of communication across the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:222-247. [PMID: 38355758 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00890-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Crosstalk between gut and brain has long been appreciated in health and disease, and the gut microbiota is a key player in communication between these two distant organs. Yet, the mechanisms through which the microbiota influences development and function of the gut-brain axis remain largely unknown. Barriers present in the gut and brain are specialized cellular interfaces that maintain strict homeostasis of different compartments across this axis. These barriers include the gut epithelial barrier, the blood-brain barrier and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Barriers are ideally positioned to receive and communicate gut microbial signals constituting a gateway for gut-microbiota-brain communication. In this Review, we focus on how modulation of these barriers by the gut microbiota can constitute an important channel of communication across the gut-brain axis. Moreover, barrier malfunction upon alterations in gut microbial composition could form the basis of various conditions, including often comorbid neurological and gastrointestinal disorders. Thus, we should focus on unravelling the molecular and cellular basis of this communication and move from simplistic framing as 'leaky gut'. A mechanistic understanding of gut microbiota modulation of barriers, especially during critical windows of development, could be key to understanding the aetiology of gastrointestinal and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- María R Aburto
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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20
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Zhang Y, Xu Q, Wang Y, Zhang C, Xu S, Luo M, Yang S. Caragana sinica (Buc'hoz) Rehd. (jin ji er) polysaccharide regulates the immune function and intestinal microbiota of cyclophosphamide (CTX) induced immunosuppressed mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 322:117551. [PMID: 38081398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Caragana sinica (Buc'hoz) Rehd. is a plant widely grown in Yunnan, China, for both medicinal and edible purposes. The "National Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicine" describes its nature as "slightly temperate and sweet". Caragana sinica is usually medicated with whole herbs, the main function is to replenish the kidneys and stop bleeding. Caragana sinica was used in folk medicine in Chuxiong, Yunnan, to treat deficiency colds, fatigue, fever, cough, hypertension, and other diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY This article investigates the structural characteristics of Caragana sinica polysaccharide (CSP) and explores its immune-regulatory activity and molecular biological mechanisms in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice, as well as its effects on intestinal bacteria. METHODS With the water-extraction and alcohol-precipitation method, Caragana sinica polysaccharide were extracted, obtaining CSP by purification. A variety of methods and techniques have been used to analyze the chemical properties and structural characteristics of CSP. Immunosuppressive mice model was established through intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (CTX) to study the immune-regulatory effects and mechanisms of CSP. RESULTS The data indicated that CSP is a neutral heteropolysaccharide mainly composed of arabinose and galactose. This article uses immunosuppressive mice induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX) as the model. The results showed that CSP can promote the immune function of CTX treated immunosuppressed mice and regulate the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota. CSP can increase macrophage phagocytosis, NK cell killing activity, and lymphocyte proliferation activity. It can also repair the index and morphological damage of the thymus and spleen. And by binding to the TLR4 receptor, MyD88 was activated and interacted with TRAF6 to promote the transfer of NF-κB into the nucleus. Thereby promoting cytokine release and increasing the production of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IgA, and IgG in the serum. CSP also effectively alleviated the liver damage caused by CTX through antioxidant activity. Furthermore, CSP can dramatically affect the intestinal microbiota and the body's immunity by boosting the relative presence of Bacteroides and Verrucamicrobiota. CONCLUSIONS Research results indicated that CSP can regulate the immune function of mice, providing a basis for developing CSP as a potential immune modulator and functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Qirui Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Yazi Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Chenchen Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Shan Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Manhong Luo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Shuhan Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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21
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Mao J, Qian S, Zhao Q, Zhao B, Lu B, Zhang L, Mao X, Zhang Y, Cui W, Sun X. Balancing macrophage polarization via stem cell-derived apoptotic bodies for diabetic wound healing. MED 2024; 5:148-168.e8. [PMID: 38340709 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue-derived stem cell-derived apoptotic bodies (ADSC-ABs) have shown great potential for immunomodulation and regeneration, particularly in diabetic wound therapy. However, their local application has been limited by unclear regulatory mechanisms, rapid clearance, and short tissue retention times. METHODS We analyzed the key role molecules and regulatory pathways of ADSC-ABs in regulating inflammatory macrophages by mRNA sequencing and microRNA (miRNA) sequencing and then verified them by gene knockdown. To prevent rapid clearance, we employed microfluidics technology to prepare methacrylate-anhydride gelatin (GelMA) microspheres (GMS) for controlled release of ABs. Finally, we evaluated the effectiveness of ADSC-AB-laden GMSs (ABs@GMSs) in a diabetic rat wound model. FINDINGS Our results demonstrated that ADSC-ABs effectively balanced macrophage inflammatory polarization through the janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway, mediated by miR-20a-5p. Furthermore, we showed that AB@GMSs had good biocompatibility, significantly delayed local clearance of ABs, and ameliorated diabetic wound inflammation and promoted vascularization, thus facilitating its healing. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals the regulatory mechanism of ADSC-ABs in balancing macrophage inflammatory polarization and highlightsthe importance of delaying their local clearance by GMSs. These findings have important implications for the development of novel therapies for diabetic wound healing. FUNDING This research was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2020YFA0908200), National Natural Science Foundation of China (82272263, 82002053, 32000937, and 82202467), Shanghai "Rising Stars of Medical Talents" Youth Development Program (22MC1940300), Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (20204Y0354), and Shanghai Science and Technology Development Funds (22YF1421400).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Mao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Shutong Qian
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyu Zhao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Binfan Zhao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Bolun Lu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Liucheng Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Xiyuan Mao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Yuguang Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China.
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China.
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22
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Zhang C, Zhao Z, Jia YJ, Zhang PQ, Sun Y, Zhou YC, Wang GX, Zhu B. Rationally Designed Self-Assembling Nanovaccines Elicit Robust Mucosal and Systemic Immunity against Rhabdovirus. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:228-244. [PMID: 38055273 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Viral diseases have constantly caused great threats to global public health, resulting in an urgent need for effective vaccines. However, the current viral vaccines often show low immunogenicity. To counter this, we report a smart strategy of a well-designed modular nanoparticle (LSG-TDH) that recapitulates the dominant antigen SG, low-molecular-weight protamine, and tetralysine-modified H-chain apoferritin (TDH). The constructed LSG-TDH nanovaccine could self-assemble into a nanocage structure, which confers excellent mucus-penetrating, cellular affinity, and uptake ability. Studies demonstrate that the LSG-TDH nanovaccine could strongly activate both mucosal and systemic immune responses. Importantly, by immunizing wild-type and TLR2 knockout (TLR2-KO) zebrafish, we found that TLR2 could mediate LSG-TDH-induced adaptive mucosal and systemic immune responses by activating antigen-presenting cells. Collectively, our findings offer new insights into rational viral vaccine design and provide additional evidence of the vital role of TLR2 in regulating adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Jun Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Qi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yun Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Can Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Gao-Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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23
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Wang X, Du C, Subramanian S, Turner L, Geng H, Bu HF, Tan XD. Severe gut mucosal injury induces profound systemic inflammation and spleen-associated lymphoid organ response. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1340442. [PMID: 38259439 PMCID: PMC10800855 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1340442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Clinical evidence indicates a connection between gut injuries, infections, inflammation, and an increased susceptibility to systemic inflammation. Nevertheless, the animal models designed to replicate this progression are inadequate, and the fundamental mechanisms are still largely unknown. This research explores the relationship between gut injuries and systemic inflammation using a Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-induced colonic mucosal injury mouse model. Continuous treatment of adult mice with 4% DSS drinking water yielded a remarkable mortality rate by day 7, alongside intensified gut injury and detectable peripheral inflammation. Moreover, RNAscope in situ hybridization with 16S rRNA probe noted bacterial penetration into deeper colon compartments of the mice following treatment with DSS for 7 days. Histological analysis revealed inflammation in the liver and lung tissues of DSS-treated mice. In addition, we found that DSS-treated mice exhibited elevation of Alanine transaminase (ALT) and Aspartate transaminase (AST) in peripheral blood and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the liver. Notably, the DSS-treated mice displayed a dampened metabolic profile, reduced CD45 marker expression, and an increase in apoptosis within the lymphoid organ such as spleen. These findings suggest that high-dose DSS-induced gut injury gives rise to sepsis-like systemic inflammation characterized by multiple organ injury and profound splenocyte apoptosis and dysfunction of CD45+ cells in the spleen, indicating the role of the spleen in the pathogenesis of gut-derived systemic inflammation. Together, the severe colonic mucosal injury model facilitates research into gut damage and associated peripheral immune responses, providing a vital framework for investigating mechanisms related to clinically relevant, gut-derived systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Pediatric Mucosal Inflammation and Regeneration Research Program, Center for Pediatric Translational Research and Education, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Chao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Saravanan Subramanian
- Pediatric Mucosal Inflammation and Regeneration Research Program, Center for Pediatric Translational Research and Education, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lucas Turner
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Hua Geng
- Pediatric Mucosal Inflammation and Regeneration Research Program, Center for Pediatric Translational Research and Education, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Heng-Fu Bu
- Pediatric Mucosal Inflammation and Regeneration Research Program, Center for Pediatric Translational Research and Education, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Xiao-Di Tan
- Pediatric Mucosal Inflammation and Regeneration Research Program, Center for Pediatric Translational Research and Education, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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24
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Bao H, Wang Y, Xiong H, Xia Y, Cui Z, Liu L. Mechanism of Iron Ion Homeostasis in Intestinal Immunity and Gut Microbiota Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:727. [PMID: 38255801 PMCID: PMC10815743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron is a vital trace element that plays an important role in humans and other organisms. It plays an active role in the growth, development, and reproduction of bacteria, such as Bifidobacteria. Iron deficiency or excess can negatively affect bacterial hosts. Studies have reported a major role of iron in the human intestine, which is necessary for maintaining body homeostasis and intestinal barrier function. Organisms can maintain their normal activities and regulate some cancer cells in the body by regulating iron excretion and iron-dependent ferroptosis. In addition, iron can modify the interaction between hosts and microorganisms by altering their growth and virulence or by affecting the immune system of the host. Lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus), and Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) were reported to increase trace elements, protect the host intestinal barrier, mitigate intestinal inflammation, and regulate immune function. This review article focuses on the two aspects of the iron and gut and generally summarizes the mechanistic role of iron ions in intestinal immunity and the remodeling of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zhifu Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (H.B.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (Y.X.)
| | - Lingbin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (H.B.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (Y.X.)
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25
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Han J, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Yin T, Cui Y, Liu J, Yang Y, Song H, Shang D. Gut microbiome: decision-makers in the microenvironment of colorectal cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1299977. [PMID: 38156313 PMCID: PMC10754537 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1299977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract, accounting for the second most common cause of gastrointestinal tumors. As one of the intestinal barriers, gut bacteria form biofilm, participate in intestinal work, and form the living environment of intestinal cells. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of the gut bacteria in a large number of CRC patients has been established, enabling specific microbial signatures to be associated with colorectal adenomato-carcinoma. Gut bacteria are involved in both benign precursor lesions (polyps), in situ growth and metastasis of CRC. Therefore, the term tumorigenic bacteria was proposed in 2018, such as Escherichia coli, Fusobacterium nucleatum, enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, etc. Meanwhile, bacteria toxins (such as cytolethal distending toxin (CDT), Colibactin (Clb), B. fragilis toxin) affect the tumor microenvironment and promote cancer occurrence and tumor immune escape. It is important to note that there are differences in the bacteria of different types of CRC. In this paper, the role of tumorigenic bacteria in the polyp-cancer transformation and the effects of their secreted toxins on the tumor microenvironment will be discussed, thereby further exploring new ideas for the prevention and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingrun Han
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yongnian Zhang
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Tianyi Yin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuying Cui
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jinming Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yanfei Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Huiyi Song
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dong Shang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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26
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Wu S, Yang X, Lou Y, Xiao X. MAIT cells in bacterial infectious diseases: heroes, villains, or both? Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 214:144-153. [PMID: 37624404 PMCID: PMC10714195 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the aggravation of bacterial drug resistance and the lag in the development of new antibiotics, it is crucial to develop novel therapeutic regimens for bacterial infectious diseases. Currently, immunotherapy is a promising regimen for the treatment of infectious diseases. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, a subpopulation of innate-like T cells, are abundant in humans and can mount a rapid immune response to pathogens, thus becoming a potential target of immunotherapy for infectious diseases. At the site of infection, activated MAIT cells perform complex biological functions by secreting a variety of cytokines and cytotoxic substances. Many studies have shown that MAIT cells have immunoprotective effects because they can bridge innate and adaptive immune responses, leading to bacterial clearance, tissue repair, and homeostasis maintenance. MAIT cells also participate in cytokine storm generation, tissue fibrosis, and cancer progression, indicating that they play a role in immunopathology. In this article, we review recent studies of MAIT cells, discuss their dual roles in bacterial infectious diseases and provide some promising MAIT cell-targeting strategies for the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihong Wu
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yongliang Lou
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xingxing Xiao
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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27
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Liao L, Su BB, Xu SP. Helicobacter pylori infection and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:386. [PMID: 38053022 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03063-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a link between Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) with nonspecific digestive symptoms. Nonetheless, whether HP infection is associated with SIBO in adults remains unclear. Based on a meta-analysis, we evaluated this relationship. RESULTS Observational studies relevant to our research were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science. We evaluated between-study heterogeneity using the Cochrane Q test and estimated the I2 statistic. Random-effects models were used when significant heterogeneity was observed; otherwise, fixed-effects models were used. Ten datasets from eight studies, including 874 patients, were involved in the meta-analysis. It was shown that HP infection was related to a higher odds of SIBO (odds ratio [OR]: 1.82, 95% confidence interval: 1.29 to 2.58, p < 0.001) with mild heterogeneity (p for Cochrane Q test = 0.11, I2 = 7%). Subgroup analyses showed that HP infection was related to SIBO in young patients (mean age < 48 years, OR: 2.68, 95% CI: 1.67 to 4.28, p < 0.001; I2 = 15%) but not in older patients (mean age ≥ 48 years, OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 0.69 to 1.92, p < 0.60; I2 = 1%; p for subgroup difference = 0.02). Subgroup analyses further indicated that the association was not significantly affected by the country of study, comorbidities, exposure to proton pump inhibitors, or methods of evaluating HP infection and SIBO. CONCLUSIONS HP infection may be related to SIBO in adults, which supports the detection of SIBO in patients with digestive symptoms and HP infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, No.28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Bin-Bin Su
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, No.28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Shi-Ping Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, No.28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
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28
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Mousavinasab F, Karimi R, Taheri S, Ahmadvand F, Sanaaee S, Najafi S, Halvaii MS, Haghgoo A, Zamany M, Majidpoor J, Khosravifar M, Baniasadi M, Talebi M, Movafagh A, Aghaei-Zarch SM, Khorram N, Farnia P, Kalhor K. Microbiome modulation in inflammatory diseases: Progress to microbiome genetic engineering. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:271. [PMID: 37951913 PMCID: PMC10640760 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03095-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in sequencing technology and analytical approaches have allowed researchers to show that the healthy gut microbiome is very varied and capable of performing a wide range of tasks. The importance of gut microbiota in controlling immunological, neurological, and endocrine function is becoming well-recognized. Thereby, numerous inflammatory diseases, including those that impact the gastrointestinal system, as well as less obvious ones, including Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), cancer, gestational diabetes (GD), type 1 diabetes (T1D), and type 2 diabetes (T2D), have been linked to dysbiotic gut microbiota. Microbiome engineering is a rapidly evolving frontier for solutions to improve human health. Microbiome engineering seeks to improve the function of an ecosystem by manipulating the composition of microbes. Thereby, generating potential therapies against metabolic, inflammatory, and immunological diseases will be possible through microbiome engineering. This essay first provides an overview of the traditional technological instruments that might be used for microbiome engineering, such as Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT), prebiotics, and probiotics. Moreover, we will also discuss experimental genetic methods such as Metagenomic Alteration of Gut microbiome by In situ Conjugation (MAGIC), Bacteriophage, and Conjugative plasmids in manipulating intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronika Karimi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Taheri
- Department of Microbiology, Shahr Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saameh Sanaaee
- Department of New Science, Faculty of Cellular and Molecular biology, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Najafi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Haghgoo
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Zamany
- Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit, Iran University of medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamal Majidpoor
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Disease Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Mina Khosravifar
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mohammad Baniasadi
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Talebi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Movafagh
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mohsen Aghaei-Zarch
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nastaran Khorram
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Poopak Farnia
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kambiz Kalhor
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
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29
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Pan Z, Wu N, Jin C. Intestinal Microbiota Dysbiosis Promotes Mucosal Barrier Damage and Immune Injury in HIV-Infected Patients. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2023; 2023:3080969. [PMID: 37927531 PMCID: PMC10625490 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3080969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is an "invisible organ" in the human body, with diverse components and complex interactions. Homeostasis of the intestinal microbiota plays a pivotal role in maintaining the normal physiological process and regulating immune homeostasis. By reviewing more than one hundred related studies concerning HIV infection and intestinal microbiota from 2011 to 2023, we found that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can induce intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, which not only worsens clinical symptoms but also promotes the occurrence of post-sequelae symptoms and comorbidities. In the early stage of HIV infection, the intestinal mucosal barrier is damaged and a persistent inflammatory response is induced. Mucosal barrier damage and immune injury play a pivotal role in promoting the post-sequelae symptoms caused by HIV infection. This review summarizes the relationship between dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota and mucosal barrier damage during HIV infection and discusses the potential mechanisms of intestinal barrier damage induced by intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and inflammation. Exploring these molecular mechanisms might provide new ideas to improve the efficacy of HIV treatment and reduce the incidence of post-sequelae symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyi Pan
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
| | - Nanping Wu
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changzhong Jin
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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30
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Bretscher P. What Determines the Class of Immunity an Antigen Induces? A Foundational Question Whose Rational Consideration Has Been Undermined by the Information Overload. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1253. [PMID: 37759652 PMCID: PMC10525557 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Activated CD4 T helper cells are required to activate B cells to produce antibody and CD8 T cells to generate cytotoxic T lymphocytes. In the absence of such help, antigens inactivate B cells and CD8 T cells. Thus, the activation or inactivation of CD4 T cells determines whether immune responses are generated, or potentially ablated. Most consider that the activation of CD4 T cells requires an antigen-dependent signal, signal 1, as well as a critical costimulatory signal, initiated when a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) engages with a danger- or pathogen-associated molecular pattern (DAMP or PAMP). Most also envisage that the nature of the DAMP/PAMP signal determines the Th subset predominantly generated and so the class of immunity predominantly induced. I argue that this framework is implausible as it is incompatible with diverse observations of the variables of immunization affecting the class of immunity induced. An alternative framework, the threshold hypothesis, posits that different levels of antigen mediated CD4 T cell interactions lead to the generation of different Th subsets and so different classes of immunity, that it is compatible with these observations. This alternative supports a rational approach to preventing and treating diverse clinical conditions associated with infectious disease and, more speculatively, with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bretscher
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
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Zhang YR, Li FY, Lu ZJ, Wang XF, Yan HC, Wang XQ, Gao CQ. l-Malic Acid Facilitates Stem Cell-Driven Intestinal Epithelial Renewal through the Amplification of β-Catenin Signaling by Targeting Frizzled7 in Chicks. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:13079-13091. [PMID: 37632443 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
l-Malic acid (l-MA) contributes to energy metabolism and nutrient digestion, which is an alternative to antibiotics for livestock; however, it is not clear whether l-MA can replace antibiotics to promote intestinal development in chicks. To investigate the effects of l-MA on intestinal stem cells (ISCs) driving epithelial renewal, we employed in vivo chick feeding experiments, chick intestinal organoid (IO) models, and in vitro chick intestinal epithelial cell models. The results showed that the feed conversion rate and diarrhea scores were decreased with improved jejunal morphology and barrier function in the 0.5% l-MA group. l-MA promoted the proliferation and differentiation of ISCs, inhibited the cell apoptosis, increased the IO formation efficiency, surface area, budding efficiency, and number of buds, suggesting that l-MA promoted the expansion of ISCs. Furthermore, l-MA treatment dramatically upregulated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the jejunum. Importantly, Wnt transmembrane receptor Frizzled7 (FZD7) mRNA abundance was increased in response to dietary 0.5% l-MA. In addition, molecular docking analysis using Autodock software and isothermal titration calorimetry revealed that l-MA binds to Lys91 of FZD7 with high affinity, indicating a spontaneous interaction. The chick intestinal epithelial cells treated with 10 μM l-MA significantly increased cell viability, and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was activated, but l-MA failed to upregulate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling when treated with the FZD7-specific inhibitor Fz7-21 in chick intestinal epithelial cells, indicating that FZD7 is indispensable for l-MA activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Collectively, l-MA stimulated β-catenin signaling by targeting transmembrane receptor FZD7, which promoted ISC expansion and inhibited cell apoptosis to accelerate intestinal epithelial renewal in chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ru Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fu-Yong Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Zhu-Jin Lu
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Wang
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hui-Chao Yan
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiu-Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chun-Qi Gao
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Kaur H, Kaur G, Gupta T, Mittal D, Ali SA. Integrating Omics Technologies for a Comprehensive Understanding of the Microbiome and Its Impact on Cattle Production. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1200. [PMID: 37759599 PMCID: PMC10525894 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Ruminant production holds a pivotal position within the global animal production and agricultural sectors. As population growth escalates, posing environmental challenges, a heightened emphasis is directed toward refining ruminant production systems. Recent investigations underscore the connection between the composition and functionality of the rumen microbiome and economically advantageous traits in cattle. Consequently, the development of innovative strategies to enhance cattle feed efficiency, while curbing environmental and financial burdens, becomes imperative. The advent of omics technologies has yielded fresh insights into metabolic health fluctuations in dairy cattle, consequently enhancing nutritional management practices. The pivotal role of the rumen microbiome in augmenting feeding efficiency by transforming low-quality feedstuffs into energy substrates for the host is underscored. This microbial community assumes focal importance within gut microbiome studies, contributing indispensably to plant fiber digestion, as well as influencing production and health variability in ruminants. Instances of compromised animal welfare can substantially modulate the microbiological composition of the rumen, thereby influencing production rates. A comprehensive global approach that targets both cattle and their rumen microbiota is paramount for enhancing feed efficiency and optimizing rumen fermentation processes. This review article underscores the factors that contribute to the establishment or restoration of the rumen microbiome post perturbations and the intricacies of host-microbiome interactions. We accentuate the elements responsible for responsible host-microbiome interactions and practical applications in the domains of animal health and production. Moreover, meticulous scrutiny of the microbiome and its consequential effects on cattle production systems greatly contributes to forging more sustainable and resilient food production systems, thereby mitigating the adverse environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Kaur
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (ICAR-NDRI), Karnal 132001, India
| | - Gurjeet Kaur
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Taruna Gupta
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (ICAR-NDRI), Karnal 132001, India
| | - Deepti Mittal
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (ICAR-NDRI), Karnal 132001, India
| | - Syed Azmal Ali
- Cell Biology and Proteomics Lab, Animal Biotechnology Center, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (ICAR-NDRI), Karnal 132001, India
- Division Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Hey GE, Vedam-Mai V, Beke M, Amaris M, Ramirez-Zamora A. The Interface between Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Neuroinflammation, and Neurological Disorders. Semin Neurol 2023; 43:572-582. [PMID: 37562450 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a complex, chronic inflammatory condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract. IBD has been associated with a variety of neurologic manifestations including peripheral nerve involvement, increased risk of thrombotic, demyelinating and events. Furthermore, an evolving association between IBD and neurodegenerative disorders has been recognized, and early data suggests an increased risk of these disorders in patients diagnosed with IBD. The relationship between intestinal inflammatory disease and neuroinflammation is complex, but the bidirectional interaction between the brain-gut-microbiome axis is likely to play an important role in the pathogenesis of these disorders. Identification of common mechanisms and pathways will be key to developing potential therapies. In this review, we discuss the evolving interface between IBD and neurological conditions, with a focus on clinical, mechanistic, and potentially therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Hey
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Vinata Vedam-Mai
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Matthew Beke
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Manuel Amaris
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Adolfo Ramirez-Zamora
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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34
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Hashemi P, Mahmoodi S, Ghasemian A. An updated review on oral protein-based antigen vaccines efficiency and delivery approaches: a special attention to infectious diseases. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:289. [PMID: 37468763 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03629-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Various infectious agents affect human health via the oral entrance. The majority of pathogens lack approved vaccines. Oral vaccination is a convenient, safe and cost-effective approach with the potential of provoking mucosal and systemic immunity and maintaining individual satisfaction. However, vaccines should overcome the intricate environment of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Oral protein-based antigen vaccines (OPAVs) are easier to administer than injectable vaccines and do not require trained healthcare professionals. Additionally, the risk of needle-related injuries, pain, and discomfort is eliminated. However, OPAVs stability at environmental and GIT conditions should be considered to enhance their stability and facilitate their transport and storage. These vaccines elicit the local immunity, protecting GIT, genital tract and respiratory epithelial surfaces, where numerous pathogens penetrate the body. OPAVs can also be manipulated (such as using specific incorporated ligand and receptors) to elicit targeted immune response. However, low bioavailability of OPAVs necessitates development of proper protein carriers and formulations to enhance their stability and efficacy. There are several strategies to improve their efficacy or protective effects, such as incorporation of adjuvants, enzyme inhibitors, mucoadhesive or penetrating devices and permeation enhancers. Hence, efficient delivery of OPAVs into GIT require proper delivery systems mainly including smart target systems, probiotics, muco-adhesive carriers, lipid- and plant-based delivery systems and nano- and microparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Hashemi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Shirin Mahmoodi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
| | - Abdolmajid Ghasemian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
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Saha T, Arisoyin AE, Bollu B, Ashok T, Babu A, Issani A, Jhaveri S, Avanthika C. Enteric Fever: Diagnostic Challenges and the Importance of Early Intervention. Cureus 2023; 15:e41831. [PMID: 37575696 PMCID: PMC10423039 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteric fever is a systemic infection caused by highly virulent Salmonella enterica serovars: Typhi and Paratyphi. Diagnosis of enteric fever is challenging due to a wide variety of clinical features which overlap with other febrile illnesses. The current diagnostic methods are limited because of the suboptimal sensitivity of conventional tests like blood culture in detecting organisms and the invasive nature of bone marrow culture. It emphasizes the need to develop improved and more reliable diagnostic modalities. The rising rates of multidrug-resistant Salmonella strains call for an accurate understanding of the current management of the disease. Proper public health measures and large-scale immunization programs will help reduce the burden of the disease. A comprehensive surveillance system can help detect the chronic carrier state and is crucial in understanding antibiotic susceptibility patterns. We conducted an all-language literature search on Medline, Cochrane, Embase, and Google Scholar till May 2022. The following search words and medical subject headings (MeSH) were used: "enteric fever," "Salmonella Typhi," "multidrug-resistant Salmonella," chronic carrier state," "Salmonella detection, "and "typhoid vaccine." We reviewed the literature on clinical features, pathophysiology, new diagnostic tests, and interventions to prevent the disease. This article explores enteric fever and its various clinical features and addresses the emerging threat of multidrug resistance. It focuses on novel methods for diagnosis and prevention strategies, including vaccines and the use of surveillance systems employed across different parts of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tias Saha
- Internal Medicine, Samorita General Hospital, Faridpur, BGD
- Internal Medicine, Diabetic Association Medical College, Faridpur, BGD
| | | | - Bhaswanth Bollu
- Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | - Tejaswini Ashok
- Internal Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara Medical College, Mysore, IND
| | - Athira Babu
- Pediatrics, Saudi German Hospital, Dubai, ARE
| | - Ali Issani
- Emergency Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, PAK
| | - Sharan Jhaveri
- Internal Medicine, Nathiba Hargovandas Lakhmichand Municipal Medical College, Ahmedabad, IND
| | - Chaithanya Avanthika
- Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Elmhurst Hospital Center, New York, USA
- Medicine and Surgery, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli, IND
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Walker GT, Gerner RR, Nuccio SP, Raffatellu M. Murine Models of Salmonella Infection. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e824. [PMID: 37478288 PMCID: PMC10372748 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
The pathogen Salmonella enterica encompasses a range of bacterial serovars that cause intestinal inflammation and systemic infections in humans. Mice are a widely used infection model due to their relative simplicity and versatility. Here, we provide standardized protocols for culturing the prolific zoonotic pathogen S. enterica serovar Typhimurium for intragastric inoculation of mice to model colitis or systemic dissemination, along with techniques for direct extraintestinal infection. Furthermore, we present procedures for quantifying pathogen burden and for characterizing the immune response by analyzing tissue pathology, inflammatory markers, and immune cells from intestinal tissues. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Murine colitis model utilizing oral streptomycin pretreatment and oral S. Typhimurium administration Basic Protocol 2: Intraperitoneal injection of S. Typhimurium for modeling extraintestinal infection Support Protocol 1: Preparation of S. Typhimurium inoculum Support Protocol 2: Preparation of mixed S. Typhimurium inoculum for competitive infection Basic Protocol 3: Assessment of S. Typhimurium burden Support Protocol 3: Preservation and pathological assessment of S. Typhimurium-infected tissues Support Protocol 4: Measurement of inflammatory marker expression in intestinal tissues by qPCR Support Protocol 5: Preparation of intestinal content for inflammatory marker quantification by ELISA Support Protocol 6: Immune cell isolation from Salmonella-infected intestinal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory T. Walker
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Romana R. Gerner
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Technical University Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, ZIEL – Institute for Food & Health, Freising, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III, School of Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sean-Paul Nuccio
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Manuela Raffatellu
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy, and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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37
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Li S. Modulation of immunity by tryptophan microbial metabolites. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1209613. [PMID: 37521424 PMCID: PMC10382180 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1209613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid that can be metabolized via endogenous and exogenous pathways, including the Kynurenine Pathway, the 5-Hydroxyindole Pathway (also the Serotonin pathway), and the Microbial pathway. Of these, the Microbial Trp metabolic pathways in the gut have recently been extensively studied for their production of bioactive molecules. The gut microbiota plays an important role in host metabolism and immunity, and microbial Trp metabolites can influence the development and progression of various diseases, including inflammatory, cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases, metabolic diseases, and cancer, by mediating the body's immunity. This review briefly outlines the crosstalk between gut microorganisms and Trp metabolism in the body, starting from the three metabolic pathways of Trp. The mechanisms by which microbial Trp metabolites act on organism immunity are summarized, and the potential implications for disease prevention and treatment are highlighted.
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Hlashwayo DF, Noormahomed EV, Bahule L, Benson C, Schooley RT, Sigaúque B, Barrett KE, Bila CG. Microbiological assessment reveals that Salmonella, Shigella and Campylobacter infections are widespread in HIV infected and uninfected patients with diarrhea in Mozambique. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001877. [PMID: 37216329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Diarrhea is an important cause of hospitalizations in Mozambique. However, little attention has been paid to the impact HIV infection on the prevalence or clinical manifestations of enteric bacterial infections. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. and Campylobacter spp. in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients with diarrhea, identify risk factors for infection, and explore the association between HIV status, viral load, and bacterial prevalence. We conducted a case-control study at the Centro de Saúde de Mavalane and Centro de Saúde 1° de Maio in Maputo, Mozambique, from November 2021 to May 2022. We recruited 300 patients, including 150 HIV-infected (cases) and 150 HIV-uninfected patients (controls), aged between 0-88 years, presenting with diarrhea. Stool samples were collected for bacterial isolation through culture, and for each HIV-infected patient, 4 ml of venous blood were obtained for viral load detection through PCR. A total of 129 patients (43.0%) had at least one bacterial infection. The prevalence of Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. and Campylobacter spp. was 33.0% (n = 99), 15.0% (n = 45) and 4.3% (n = 13), respectively. The prevalence of any bacterial infection did not differ significantly between HIV-infected (45.3%, n = 68) and HIV-uninfected patients (40.7%, = 61) (p = 0.414). Overall, having 2-3 symptoms of enteric disease (p = 0.008) and a basic education (p = 0.030) were factors associated with bacterial infection. Of the 148 patients for whom HIV-1 RNA levels were available, 115 had copy numbers ≤ 75. Another 13 had levels between 76 and 1,000 and the remaining 20 had an average of 327,218.45 copies/ml. Bivariate logistic regression found that Shigella spp. were associated with HIV (p = 0.038), although no association was found in the multivariate analysis. Enteric infections are common in both HIV-infected and -uninfected patients. Low schooling influences the occurrence of enteric infections, which highlights the need to raise awareness about their prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfina Fernandes Hlashwayo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, MZ
- Department of Animal Health & Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, MZ
| | - Emília Virgínia Noormahomed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, MZ
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Mozambique Institute for Health Education and Research (MIHER), Maputo, MZ
| | - Leonilde Bahule
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, MZ
| | - Constance Benson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Robert T Schooley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Kim E Barrett
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States of America
| | - Custódio Gabriel Bila
- Department of Animal Health & Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, MZ
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Wang S, Wu J, Ran D, Ou G, Chen Y, Xu H, Deng L, Chen X. Study of the Relationship between Mucosal Immunity and Commensal Microbiota: A Bibliometric Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102398. [PMID: 37242281 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents the first bibliometric evaluation and systematic analysis of publications related to mucosal immunity and commensal microbiota over the last two decades and summarizes the contribution of countries, institutions, and scholars in the study of this field. A total of 1423 articles related to mucosal immunity and commensal microbiota in vivo published in 532 journals by 7774 authors from 1771 institutions in 74 countries/regions were analyzed. The interaction between commensal microbiota in vivo and mucosal immunity is essential in regulating the immune response of the body, maintaining communication between different kinds of commensal microbiota and the host, and so on. Several hot spots in this field have been found to have received extensive attention in recent years, especially the effects of metabolites of key strains on mucosal immunity, the physiopathological phenomena of commensal microbiota in various sites including the intestine, and the relationship between COVID-19, mucosal immunity and microbiota. We hope that the full picture of the last 20 years in this research area provided in this study will serve to deliver necessary cutting-edge information to relevant researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jialin Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Duo Ran
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guosen Ou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yaokang Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Huachong Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Li Deng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaoyin Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Delaye M, Rousseau A, Mailly-Giacchetti L, Assoun S, Sokol H, Neuzillet C. Obesity, cancer, and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors: Could the gut microbiota be the mechanistic link? Pharmacol Ther 2023:108442. [PMID: 37210004 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have deeply changed the therapeutic management of a broad spectrum of solid tumors. Recent observations showed that obese patients receiving ICIs might have better outcomes than those with normal weight, while obesity was historically associated with a worse prognosis in cancer patients. Of note, obesity is associated with alterations in the gut microbiome profile, which interacts with immune and inflammatory pathways, both at the systemic and intratumoral levels. As the influence of the gut microbiota on the response to ICI has been repeatedly reported, a specific gut microbiome profile in obese cancer patients may be involved in their better response to ICI. This review summarizes recent data on the interactions between obesity, gut microbiota, and ICIs. In addition, we highlight possible pathophysiological mechanisms supporting the hypothesis that gut microbiota could be one of the links between obesity and poor response to ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Delaye
- Curie Institute, Department of medical oncology, Versailles Saint-Quentin University, Saint-Cloud, France; GERCOR, 75011 Paris, France
| | - Adrien Rousseau
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Léah Mailly-Giacchetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Saint-Louis Hospital, AP-HP.Nord - Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Assoun
- Department of Thoracic Oncology & CIC 1425/CLIP2 Paris-Nord, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Harry Sokol
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS-938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Paris, France; INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institut, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Cindy Neuzillet
- Curie Institute, Department of medical oncology, Versailles Saint-Quentin University, Saint-Cloud, France; GERCOR, 75011 Paris, France.
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Pandey U, Tambat S, Aich P. Postnatal 14D is the Key Window for Mice Intestinal Development- An Insight from Age-Dependent Antibiotic-Mediated Gut Microbial Dysbiosis Study. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023:e2300089. [PMID: 37178322 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The postnatal period is one of the critical windows for the structure-function development of the gastrointestinal tract and associated mucosal immunity. Along with other constituent members, recent studies suggest the contribution of gut microbiota in maintaining host health, immunity, and development. Although the gut microbiota's role in maintaining barrier integrity is known, its function in early life development still needs to be better understood. To understand the details of gut microbiota's effects on intestinal integrity, epithelium development, and immune profile, the route of antibiotic-mediated perturbation is taken. Mice on days 7(P7D), 14(P14D), 21(P21D) and 28(P28D) are sacrificed and 16S rRNA metagenomic analysis is performed. The barrier integrity, tight junction proteins (TJPs) expression, intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) markers, and inflammatory cytokines are analyzed. Results reveal a postnatal age-related impact of gut microbiota perturbation, with a gradual increase in the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and a reduction in Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. Significant barrier integrity disruption, reduced TJPs and IECs marker expression, and increased systemic inflammation at P14D of AVNM-treated mice are found. Moreover, the microbiota transplantation shows recolonization of Verrucomicrobia, proving a causal role in barrier functions. The investigation reveals P14D as a critical period for neonatal intestinal development, regulated by specific microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Pandey
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), P.O. Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Subodh Tambat
- Department of Life Sciences and Healthcare, Persistent Systems Limited, Pune, Maharashtra, 411004, India
| | - Palok Aich
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), P.O. Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
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42
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Zhang X, Wu Y, Liu X, Lin X, Liu Y, Kang L, Ye H, Wang Z, Ma Y, Dai Z, Che D, Pi Y, Che L, Wang J, Han D. Pro-inflammatory Polarization of Macrophages Causes Intestinal Inflammation in Low-Birth-Weight Piglets and Mice. J Nutr 2023:S0022-3166(23)37559-X. [PMID: 37084872 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-birth-weight (LBW) animals suffer from intestinal damage and inflammation in their early life. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the role of macrophages in intestinal inflammation in LBW piglets and mice. METHODS Major genes involved in intestinal barrier function such as claudin-1, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin, and mucin 2 and inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-13 were evaluated in 21-day-old, normal birth weight (NBW) and LBW piglets and mice. Macrophage markers such as CD16/32, CD163, and CD206 were also assessed by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Polarized and unpolarized macrophages were further transferred into NBW and LBW mice, followed by evaluation of intestinal permeability and inflammation. RESULTS Claudin-1 mRNA in LBW piglets as well as claudin-1, occludin, ZO-1 and mucin 2 mRNAs in LBW mice was significantly downregulated. IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly upregulated in LBW piglets (P < 0.05). LBW mice showed a reduced expression of IL-10 and IL-13 (P < 0.05), with a heightened IL-6 level (P < 0.01) in the jejunum. CD16, a marker for M1 macrophages, was significantly elevated in the jejunum of LBW piglets, whereas CD163, a marker for M2 macrophages, was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Similarly, LBW mice had more CD11b+CD16/32+ M1 macrophages (P < 0.05) and fewer CD206+ M2 macrophages (P < 0.01) than NBW mice. Moreover, transfer of M1 macrophages exacerbated intestinal inflammation in LBW mice. Furthermore, two major glycolysis-associated genes, hexokinase 2 (HK2) and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), were significantly upregulated in LBW piglets and mice (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed for the first time that the intestinal macrophages are polarized towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype in LBW piglets and mice, contributing to intestinal inflammation. The findings of this study provide new options for the management of intestinal inflammation in LBW animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yujun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yisi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Luyuan Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hao Ye
- Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6700 AH, Netherlands
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yingying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaolai Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dongsheng Che
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Yu Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dandan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Wang Y, Yu B, Luo Y, Zheng P, Mao X, Huang Z, Yu J, Luo J, Yan H, Wu A, He J. Interferon-λ3 alleviates intestinal epithelium injury induced by porcine rotavirus in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 240:124431. [PMID: 37060970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Interferons are a group of glycoproteins that are expressed in various cell types in their inflammatory responses to infections. In this study, we explored the protective effects of porcine interferon-λ3 (PIFN-λ3) on intestinal inflammation and injury in mice induced by porcine rotavirus (PRV). BALB/c mice were administrated by PIFN-λ3 or phosphate buffer solution (PBS) for three days prior to PRV infection. We show that PRV infection caused acute inflammatory responses in mice, as indicated by increases in serum concentrations of inflammatory cytokines such as the interlukin-1β (IL-1β), interlukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (P < 0.05). However, PIFN-λ3 administration not only decreased their concentrations but also elevated the concentrations of immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG in the PRV challenged mice (P < 0.05). PRV infection significantly decreased the jejunal villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (V/C); however, PIFN-λ3 treatment significantly elevated the villus height and the abundance of tight junction protein ZO-1 in the jejunum (P < 0.05). Moreover, PIFN-λ3 decreased the replication of PRV in the jejunal epithelium, but significantly increased the abundance of sIgA and the activities of maltase and sucrase in the PRV-challenged mice (P < 0.05). Interestingly, PIFN-λ3 elevated the expression levels of sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) and mucin 2 (MUC2) in the PRV-challenged mice (P < 0.05). Moreover, PIFN-λ3 significantly increased the expression levels of IL-10, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), and critical interferon-stimulated genes such as the 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase-like 1 (OASL1), interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 (IFIT1) and radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2 (RSAD2) in the jejunum upon PRV infection (P < 0.05). The anti-virus and anti-inflammatory effect of PIFN-λ3 should make it an attractive candidate to prevent various pathogen-induced bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611130, PR China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611130, PR China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611130, PR China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611130, PR China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611130, PR China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611130, PR China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611130, PR China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611130, PR China
| | - Hui Yan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611130, PR China
| | - Aimin Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611130, PR China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611130, PR China.
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Ray M, Manjunath A, Halami PM. Effect of probiotics as an immune modulator for the management of COVID-19. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:182. [PMID: 37031431 PMCID: PMC10098245 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03504-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19, an acute respiratory viral infection conveyed by pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has affected millions of individuals globally, and is a public health emergency of international concern. Till now, there are no highly effective therapies for this infection without vaccination. As they can evolve quickly and cross the strain level easily, these viruses are causing epidemics or pandemics that are allied with more severe clinical diseases. A new approach is needed to improve immunity to confirm the protection against emerging viral infections. Probiotics can modify gut microbial dysbiosis, improve the host immune system, and stimulate immune signaling, increasing systemic immunity. Several probiotic bacterial therapies have been proven to decrease the period of bacterial or viral infections. Superinduction of inflammation, termed cytokine storm, has been directly linked with pneumonia and severe complications of viral respiratory infections. In this case, probiotics as potential immunomodulatory agents can be an appropriate candidate to improve the host's response to respiratory viral infections. During this COVID-19 pandemic, any approach that can induce mucosal and systemic immunity could be helpful. Here, we summarize contexts regarding the effectiveness of various probiotics for preventing virus-induced respiratory infectious diseases, especially those that could be employed for COVID-19 patients. In addition, the effects of probiotics, their mechanisms on different aspects of immune responses against respiratory viral infection, and their antiviral properties in clinical findings have been described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousumi Ray
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570020, India
| | - Ashwini Manjunath
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Prakash M Halami
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570020, India.
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Han X, Shen J, Chen S, Cai Z, Zhu Y, Yi W, Li K, Cai W, Tao B, Cui W, Bai D. Ultrasonic-controlled "explosive" hydrogels to precisely regulate spatiotemporal osteoimmune disturbance. Biomaterials 2023; 295:122057. [PMID: 36805244 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal Immune disorder is a key factor leading to the failure of bone tissue healing. It is of vital importance to accurately suppress excessive peak immune response within 24-48 h of the injury and so regulate the spatiotemporal osteoimmune disturbance of bones. In this study, Ultrasound Controlled "Explosive" (UCE) hydrogels were prepared from gelatin-hyaluronic acid methacrylate hydrogels loaded with resveratrol nanobubbles produced by double emulsification through a condensation reaction. Such materials innovatively enable ultrasound-controlled RES release for precise regulation of spatiotemporal osteoimmune disorders. Under an ultrasonic power level of 1.5 W/cm2, the rate of effectively released RES through the blast of UCE hydrogels reached 38.14 %. And compared with the control group, the in vivo inhibition of inflammation and osteogenesis effects of UCE hydrogels were more effective, respectively. As suggested by the results, the excessive local inflammatory response was inhibited by the release of resveratrol, the temporospatial disorder of bone immune was precisely regulated, and as a result, the process of bone repair was accelerated. Altogether, this study confirms that the newly created UCE Hydrogels effectively promote bone repair by intervening peak inflammation during the early phase of fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jieliang Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shuyu Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhengwei Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Weiwei Yi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Weiye Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Bailong Tao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Dingqun Bai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Niu G, Jian T, Gai Y, Chen J. Microbiota and plant-derived vesicles that serve as therapeutic agents and delivery carriers to regulate metabolic syndrome. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 196:114774. [PMID: 36906231 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
The gut is a fundamental organ in controlling human health. Recently, researches showed that substances in the intestine can alter the course of many diseases through the intestinal epithelium, especially intestinal flora and exogenously ingested plant vesicles that can be transported over long distances to various organs. This article reviews the current knowledge on extracellular vesicles in modulating gut homeostasis, inflammatory response and numerous metabolic disease that share obesity as a co-morbidity. These complex systemic diseases that are difficult to cure, but can be managed by some bacterial and plant vesicles. Vesicles, due to their digestive stability and modifiable properties, have emerged as novel and targeted drug delivery vehicles for effective treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanting Niu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Tunyu Jian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yanan Gai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
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Advances and challenges in interaction between heteroglycans and Bifidobacterium: Utilization strategies, intestinal health and future perspectives. Trends Food Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2023.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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Melchior K, Salgaço MK, Sivieri K, Moreira CG. QseC sensor kinase modulates the human microbiota during enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection in the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®). Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1-14. [PMID: 36469301 PMCID: PMC9943815 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00877-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is an important gastrointestinal pathogen known for its ability to cause hemorrhagic colitis and induce hemolytic-uremic syndrome. The inner membrane QseC histidine kinase sensor has shown to be an important regulator of the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) island, where important EHEC key virulence genes are located. However, the QseC role during EHEC infection in human microbiota remains unknown. Herein, using the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®), we investigated whether the QseC sensor has a role in human microbiota modulation by EHEC in a dynamic model. Our data demonstrated that the QseC sensor modulates human microbiota during EHEC infection, and its absence leads to an increase in Lactobacillaceae and Bifidobacterium genus predominance, although non-effect on Bacteroides genus by EHEC strains was observed. In co-culture, the Lactobacillus acidophilus has affected EHEC growth and impaired the EHEC growth under space-niche competition, although no growth difference was observed in the QseC sensor presence. Also, differences in EHEC growth were not detected in competition with Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and EHEC strains did not affect B. thetaiotaomicron growth either. When investigating the mechanisms behind the SHIME results, we found that hcp-2 expression for the type 6 secretion system, known to be involved in bacterial competition, is under QseC sensor regulation beneath different environmental signals, such as glucose and butyrate. Our findings broaden the knowledge about the QseC sensor in modulating the human microbiota and its importance for EHEC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Melchior
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Mateus Kawata Salgaço
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Katia Sivieri
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Gallina Moreira
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil.
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Ji J, Wu L, Wei J, Wu J, Guo C. The Gut Microbiome and Ferroptosis in MAFLD. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:174-187. [PMID: 36406312 PMCID: PMC9647110 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2022.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a new disease definition, and is proposed to replace the previous name, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Globally, MAFLD/NAFLD is the most common liver disease, with an incidence rate ranging from 6% to 35% in adult populations. The pathogenesis of MAFLD/NAFLD is closely related to insulin resistance (IR), and the genetic susceptibility to acquired metabolic stress-associated liver injury. Similarly, the gut microbiota in MAFLD/NAFLD is being revaluated by scientists, as the gut and liver influence each other via the gut-liver axis. Ferroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death caused by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Emerging evidence suggests that ferroptosis has a key role in the pathological progression of MAFLD/NAFLD, and inhibition of ferroptosis may become a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NAFLD. This review focuses on the main mechanisms behind the promotion of MAFLD/NAFLD occurrence and development by the intestinal microbiota and ferroptosis. It outlines new strategies to target the intestinal microbiota and ferroptosis to facilitate future MAFLD/NAFLD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liwei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jue Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianye Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence to: Chuanyong Guo, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, NO. 301, Middle Yanchang Road, Jing’an District, Shanghai 200072, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6527-4673. E-mail: ; Jianye Wu: Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People’s Hospital, NO. 1291, Jiangning road, Putuo, Shanghai 200060, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2675-4241. E-mail:
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence to: Chuanyong Guo, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, NO. 301, Middle Yanchang Road, Jing’an District, Shanghai 200072, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6527-4673. E-mail: ; Jianye Wu: Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People’s Hospital, NO. 1291, Jiangning road, Putuo, Shanghai 200060, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2675-4241. E-mail:
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Berberine-Based Carbon Quantum Dots Improve Intestinal Barrier Injury and Alleviate Oxidative Stress in C57BL/6 Mice with 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Intestinal Mucositis by Enhancing Gut-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids Contents. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052148. [PMID: 36903391 PMCID: PMC10004514 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effect of berberine-based carbon quantum dots (Ber-CDs) on improving 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced intestinal mucositis in C57BL/6 mice, and explored the mechanisms behind this effect. Thirty-two C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups: normal control (NC), 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis model (5-FU), 5-FU + Ber-CDs intervention (Ber-CDs), and 5-FU + native berberine intervention (Con-CDs). The Ber-CDs improved body weight loss in 5-FU-induced mice with intestinal mucositis compared to the 5-FU group. The expressions of IL-1β and NLRP3 in spleen and serum in Ber-CDs and Con-Ber groups were significantly lower than those in the 5-FU group, and the decrease was more significant in the Ber-CDs group. The expressions of IgA and IL-10 in the Ber-CDs and Con-Ber groups were higher than those in the 5-FU group, but the up-regulation was more significant in the Ber-CDs group. Compared with the 5-FU group, the relative contents of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and the three main SCFAs in the colon contents were significantly increased the Ber-CDs and Con-Ber groups. Compared with the Con-Ber group, the concentrations of the three main short-chain fatty acids in the Ber-CDs group were significantly increased. The expressions of Occludin and ZO-1 in intestinal mucosa in the Ber-CDs and Con-Ber groups were higher than those in the 5-FU group, and the expressions of Occludin and ZO-1 in the Ber-CDs group were more higher than that in the Con-Ber group. In addition, compared with the 5-FU group, the damage of intestinal mucosa tissue in the Ber-CDs and Con-Ber groups were recovered. In conclusion, berberine can attenuate intestinal barrier injury and oxidative stress in mice to mitigate 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis, moreover, the above effects of Ber-CDs were more significant than those of native berberine. These results suggest that Ber-CDs may be a highly effective substitute for natural berberine.
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