1
|
Woolsey C, Cross RW, Prasad AN, Agans KN, Borisevich V, Deer DJ, Dobias NS, Fears AC, Harrison MB, Heinrich ML, Fenton KA, Garry RF, Branco LM, Geisbert TW. Monoclonal antibody therapy demonstrates increased virulence of a lineage VII strain of Lassa virus in nonhuman primates. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2301061. [PMID: 38164768 PMCID: PMC10810630 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2301061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Lassa virus (LASV) is a World Health Organization (WHO) priority pathogen that causes high morbidity and mortality. Recently, we showed that a combination of three broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies known as Arevirumab-3 (8.9F, 12.1F, 37.2D) based on the lineage IV Josiah strain protected 100% of cynomolgus macaques against heterologous challenge with lineage II and III strains of LASV when therapy was initiated beginning at day 8 after challenge. LASV strains from Benin and Togo represent a new lineage VII that are more genetically diverse from lineage IV than strains from lineages II and III. Here, we tested the ability of Arevirumab-3 to protect macaques against a LASV lineage VII Togo isolate when treatment was administered beginning 8 days after exposure. Unexpectedly, only 40% of treated animals survived challenge. In a subsequent study we showed that Arevirumab-3 protected 100% of macaques from lethal challenge when treatment was initiated 7 days after LASV Togo exposure. Based on our transcriptomics data, successful Arevirumab-3 treatment correlated with diminished neutrophil signatures and the predicted development of T cell responses. As the in vitro antiviral activity of Arevirumab-3 against LASV Togo was equivalent to lineage II and III strains, the reduced protection in macaques against Togo likely reflects the faster disease course of LASV Togo in macaques than other strains. This data causes concern regarding the ability of heterologous vaccines and treatments to provide cross protection against lineage VII LASV isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Woolsey
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Robert W. Cross
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Abhishek N. Prasad
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Krystle N. Agans
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Viktoriya Borisevich
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel J. Deer
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Natalie S. Dobias
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Alyssa C. Fears
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Mack B. Harrison
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Karla A. Fenton
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Robert F. Garry
- Zalgen Labs, LLC, Frederick, MD, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Thomas W. Geisbert
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zarate-Sanchez E, George SC, Moya ML, Robertson C. Vascular dysfunction in hemorrhagic viral fevers: opportunities for organotypic modeling. Biofabrication 2024; 16:032008. [PMID: 38749416 PMCID: PMC11151171 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad4c0b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The hemorrhagic fever viruses (HFVs) cause severe or fatal infections in humans. Named after their common symptom hemorrhage, these viruses induce significant vascular dysfunction by affecting endothelial cells, altering immunity, and disrupting the clotting system. Despite advances in treatments, such as cytokine blocking therapies, disease modifying treatment for this class of pathogen remains elusive. Improved understanding of the pathogenesis of these infections could provide new avenues to treatment. While animal models and traditional 2D cell cultures have contributed insight into the mechanisms by which these pathogens affect the vasculature, these models fall short in replicatingin vivohuman vascular dynamics. The emergence of microphysiological systems (MPSs) offers promising avenues for modeling these complex interactions. These MPS or 'organ-on-chip' models present opportunities to better mimic human vascular responses and thus aid in treatment development. In this review, we explore the impact of HFV on the vasculature by causing endothelial dysfunction, blood clotting irregularities, and immune dysregulation. We highlight how existing MPS have elucidated features of HFV pathogenesis as well as discuss existing knowledge gaps and the challenges in modeling these interactions using MPS. Understanding the intricate mechanisms of vascular dysfunction caused by HFV is crucial in developing therapies not only for these infections, but also for other vasculotropic conditions like sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Zarate-Sanchez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Steven C George
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Monica L Moya
- Materials Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States of America
| | - Claire Robertson
- Materials Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States of America
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Davis, CA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Reyna RA, Littlefield KE, Shehu N, Makishima T, Maruyama J, Paessler S. The Importance of Lassa Fever and Its Disease Management in West Africa. Viruses 2024; 16:266. [PMID: 38400041 PMCID: PMC10892767 DOI: 10.3390/v16020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lassa virus (LASV) is a zoonotic pathogen endemic throughout western Africa and is responsible for a human disease known as Lassa fever (LF). Historically, LASV has been emphasized as one of the greatest public health threats in West Africa, with up to 300,000 cases and 5000 associated deaths per year. This, and the fact that the disease has been reported in travelers, has driven a rapid production of various vaccine candidates. Several of these vaccines are currently in clinical development, despite limitations in understanding the immune response to infection. Alarmingly, the host immune response has been implicated in the induction of sensorineural hearing loss in LF survivors, legitimately raising safety questions about any future vaccines as well as efficacy in preventing potential hearing loss. The objective of this article is to revisit the importance and prevalence of LF in West Africa, with focus on Nigeria, and discuss current therapeutic approaches and ongoing vaccine development. In addition, we aim to emphasize the need for more scientific studies relating to LF-associated hearing loss, and to promote critical discussion about potential risks and benefits of vaccinating the population in endemic regions of West Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Reyna
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Kirsten E. Littlefield
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Nathan Shehu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos P.M.B. 2076, Nigeria
| | - Tomoko Makishima
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Junki Maruyama
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Slobodan Paessler
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Foo CX, Fessler MB, Ronacher K. Oxysterols in Infectious Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1440:125-147. [PMID: 38036878 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxysterols have emerged as important bioactive lipids in the immune response to infectious diseases. This chapter discusses our current knowledge of oxysterols and their receptors in bacterial and viral infections of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Oxysterols are produced in response to infections and have multiple roles including chemotaxis of immune cells to the site of infection and regulation of inflammation. Some oxysterols have been shown to possess antiviral or antibacterial activity.Lastly, we delve into the emerging mechanisms of action of oxysterols. Oxysterols can enhance host cell resistance via reduction of membrane accessible cholesterol, modulate membrane immune signalling, and impact inflammasome activation and efferocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng X Foo
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael B Fessler
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Katharina Ronacher
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xie Q, Zhu C, Ai L, Nie D, Wu Y, Wang C, He J, Tan W, Zhang L. Epidemiology and Genomic characteristics of arenavirus in rodents from the southeast coast of P.R. China. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:253. [PMID: 38031051 PMCID: PMC10685642 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03798-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wenzhou virus (WENV), a member of the Mammarenavirus genus in the Arenaviridae family, has been detected in wild rodents from eight provinces in China, including Zhejiang, Shandong, Hainan, Xinjiang, Hunan, Guangdong, Yunnan, and Jiangxi provinces, and some countries from Southeast Asia. The IgG-antibodies of WENV have been detected in both healthy populations and patients with unknown fever and respiratory symptoms. However, the potential harmfulness of WENV to humans has been underestimated due to mild symptoms after infection, similar to respiratory diseases. Thus, it is imperative to enhance the surveillance of WENV in wild rodents, particularly Rattus norvegicus, and continuously monitor its prevalence. RESULTS From 2017 to 2021, a total of 390 wild rodents were collected from six provinces in the eastern and southern coastal areas, containing nine species of rats. Samples of each tissue were collected, and PCR amplified for identification. Four R. norvegicus samples were detected to be WENV-positive. No genomic sequence of WENV was detected in Rattus flavipectus, Rattus losea, Suncus murinus, Apodemus agrarius, Mus musculus, Microtus fortis, Micromys minutus, and Niviventer niviventer from Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Hainan, Guangdong and Guangxi provinces. Three genomic sequences were identified to be WENV by phylogenetic analysis. The full-length sequences of HAIKOU-40 were amplified in R. norvegicus from Hainan, which showed a close relationship to Wufeng/ WFS, sharing 84.5-89.4% homology at the nucleotide level and 91.6-98.9% homology at the amino acid level. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that HAIKOU-40 formed an Asia-specific cluster with all WENVs and Loie River mammarenavirus (LORV), provisionally named Asian ancestry. This cluster has diverged earlier from the remaining mammarenavirus. The sequences obtained in Xiamen, Fujian province showed more than 90% nucleotide identities with WENV, which may be a strain of WENV. Additionally, the sequence of Wuxi-87 which was a positive sequence detected in Wuxi, Jiangsu province exhibited 83% nucleotide identity with Lassa virus (LASV). Further efforts will be made to isolate and identify this virus strain, verify the relationship between Wuxi-87 and LASV, and confirm whether R. norvegicus is a new host of LASV. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we conducted a systematic examination of the prevalence of WENV among rodents on the southeast coast of China. Additionally, we characterized the genome of a newly discovered WENV strain, that confirmed the role of R. norvegicus in the transmission of WENV. This highlights the importance of investigating the prevalence of WENV in both wild rodents and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Nanjing Bioengineering (Gene) Technology Center for Medicines, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Changqiang Zhu
- Nanjing Bioengineering (Gene) Technology Center for Medicines, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Lele Ai
- Nanjing Bioengineering (Gene) Technology Center for Medicines, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Danyue Nie
- Nanjing Bioengineering (Gene) Technology Center for Medicines, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Nanjing Bioengineering (Gene) Technology Center for Medicines, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Chongcai Wang
- Hainan International Travel Healthcare Center, Haikou, 570311, China
| | - Ji He
- Xiamen International Travel Healthcare Center, (Xiamen Customs Port Outpatient Department), Xiamen, Fujian, 361012, China.
| | - Weilong Tan
- Nanjing Bioengineering (Gene) Technology Center for Medicines, Nanjing, 210002, China.
| | - Lingling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Prasad AN, Agans KN, Geisbert JB, Borisevich V, Deer DJ, Dobias NS, Comer JE, Woolsey C, Fenton KA, Geisbert TW, Cross RW. Natural History of Nonhuman Primates After Oral Exposure to Ebola Virus Variant Makona. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:S571-S581. [PMID: 37348509 PMCID: PMC10651204 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary route of infection by Ebola virus (EBOV) is through contact of mucosal surfaces. Few studies have explored infection of nonhuman primates (NHPs) via the oral mucosa, which is a probable portal of natural infection in humans. METHODS To further characterize the pathogenesis of EBOV infection via the oral exposure route, we challenged cohorts of cynomolgus monkeys with low doses of EBOV variant Makona. RESULTS Infection with 100 or 50 PFU of EBOV Makona via the oral route resulted in 50% and 83% lethality, respectively. Animals that progressed to fatal disease exhibited lymphopenia, marked coagulopathy, high viral loads, and increased levels of serum markers of inflammation and hepatic/renal injury. Survival in these cohorts was associated with milder fluctuations in leukocyte populations, lack of coagulopathy, and reduced or absent serum markers of inflammation and/or hepatic/renal function. Surprisingly, 2 surviving animals from the 100- and 50-PFU cohorts developed transient low-level viremia in the absence of other clinical signs of disease. Conversely, all animals in the 10 PFU cohort remained disease free and survived to the study end point. CONCLUSIONS Our observations highlight the susceptibility of NHPs, and by extension, likely humans, to relatively low doses of EBOV via the oral route.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek N Prasad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Krystle N Agans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Joan B Geisbert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Viktoriya Borisevich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel J Deer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Natalie S Dobias
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Jason E Comer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Courtney Woolsey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Karla A Fenton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas W Geisbert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert W Cross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Escaffre O, Juelich TL, Smith JK, Zhang L, Bourne N, Freiberg AN. The Susceptibility of BALB/c Mice to a Mouse-Adapted Ebola Virus Intravaginal Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:1590. [PMID: 37515275 PMCID: PMC10386242 DOI: 10.3390/v15071590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) causes Ebola virus disease (EVD), which is characterized by hemorrhagic fever with high mortality rates in humans. EBOV sexual transmission has been a concern since the 2014-2016 outbreak in Africa, as persistent infection in the testis and transmission to women was demonstrated. The only study related to establishing an intravaginal small animal infection model was recently documented in IFNAR-/- mice using wild-type and mouse-adapted EBOV (maEBOV), and resulted in 80% mortality, supporting epidemiological data. However, this route of transmission is still poorly understood in women, and the resulting EVD from it is understudied. Here, we contribute to this field of research by providing data from immunocompetent BALB/c mice. We demonstrate that progesterone priming increased the likelihood of maEBOV vaginal infection and of exhibiting the symptoms of disease and seroconversion. However, our data suggest subclinical infection, regardless of the infective dose. We conclude that maEBOV can infect BALB/c mice through vaginal inoculation, but that this route of infection causes significantly less disease compared to intraperitoneal injection at a similar dose, which is consistent with previous studies using other peripheral routes of inoculation in that animal model. Our data are inconsistent with the disease severity described in female patients, therefore suggesting that BALB/c mice are unsuitable for modeling typical EVD following vaginal challenge with maEBOV. Further studies are required to determine the mechanisms by which EVD is attenuated in BALB/c mice, using maEBOV via the vaginal route, as in our experimental set-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Escaffre
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- Institute for Human Infections & Immunity and Sealy & Smith Foundation, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
| | - Terry L Juelich
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
| | - Jennifer K Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
| | - Lihong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
| | - Nigel Bourne
- Institute for Human Infections & Immunity and Sealy & Smith Foundation, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
| | - Alexander N Freiberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- Institute for Human Infections & Immunity and Sealy & Smith Foundation, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ye W, Ye C, Li J, Lei Y, Zhang F. Lessons from Pasteur may help prevent the deadly relapse of Ebola in patients: Using contingency vaccination to avoid Ebola relapse in immune-privileged organs. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1060481. [PMID: 37020563 PMCID: PMC10067591 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1060481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ye
- Department of Microbiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Airforce Medical University: Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chuantao Ye
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Airforce Medical University: Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Neurology, Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingfeng Lei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Airforce Medical University: Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fanglin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Airforce Medical University: Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Spengler JR, Welch SR, Ritter JM, Harmon JR, Coleman-McCray JD, Genzer SC, Seixas JN, Scholte FEM, Davies KA, Bradfute SB, Montgomery JM, Spiropoulou CF. Mouse models of Ebola virus tolerance and lethality: characterization of CD-1 mice infected with wild-type, guinea pig-adapted, or mouse-adapted virus. Antiviral Res 2023; 210:105496. [PMID: 36567020 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Development of lethal models of Ebola virus disease has been achieved by the serial passage of virus isolates from human cases in mice and guinea pigs. Use of mice infected with non-adapted virus has been limited due to the absence of overt clinical disease. In recent years, newly recognized sequelae identified in human cases has highlighted the importance of continued investigations of non-lethal infection both in humans and animal models. Here, we revisit the use of rodent-adapted and non-adapted Ebola virus (EBOV) in mice to investigate infection tolerance and future utility of these models in pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention studies. We found that like non-adapted wild-type EBOV, guinea pig-adapted EBOV resulted in widespread tissue infection, variably associated with tissue pathology, and alterations in clinical and immunological analytes in the absence of overt disease. Notably, infection with either non-lethal variant did not greatly differ from lethal mouse-adapted EBOV until near the time end-point criteria are reached in these mice. These data support future investigations of pathogenesis, convalescence, and sequelae in mouse models of virus tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Stephen R Welch
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jana M Ritter
- Infectious Disease Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jessica R Harmon
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - JoAnn D Coleman-McCray
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sarah C Genzer
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Josilene N Seixas
- Infectious Disease Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Florine E M Scholte
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Katherine A Davies
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Steven B Bradfute
- Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Joel M Montgomery
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christina F Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Lassa virus (LASV) is endemic in the rodent populations of Sierra Leone, Nigeria and other countries in West Africa. Spillover to humans occurs frequently and results in Lassa fever, a viral haemorrhagic fever (VHF) associated with a high case fatality rate. Despite advances, fundamental gaps in knowledge of the immunology, epidemiology, ecology and pathogenesis of Lassa fever persist. More frequent outbreaks, the potential for further geographic expansion of Mastomys natalensis and other rodent reservoirs, the ease of procurement and possible use and weaponization of LASV, the frequent importation of LASV to North America and Europe, and the emergence of novel LASV strains in densely populated West Africa have driven new initiatives to develop countermeasures for LASV. Although promising candidates are being evaluated, as yet there are no approved vaccines or therapeutics for human use. This Review discusses the virology of LASV, the clinical course of Lassa fever and the progress towards developing medical countermeasures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Garry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Zalgen Labs, Frederick, MD, USA.
- Global Viral Network, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Murphy H, Ly H. Understanding Immune Responses to Lassa Virus Infection and to Its Candidate Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1668. [PMID: 36298533 PMCID: PMC9612042 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lassa fever (LF) is a deadly viral hemorrhagic fever disease that is endemic in several countries in West Africa. It is caused by Lassa virus (LASV), which has been estimated to be responsible for approximately 300,000 infections and 5000 deaths annually. LASV is a highly pathogenic human pathogen without effective therapeutics or FDA-approved vaccines. Here, we aim to provide a literature review of the current understanding of the basic mechanism of immune responses to LASV infection in animal models and patients, as well as to several of its candidate vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hinh Ly
- Comparative & Molecular Biosciences Graduate Program, Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sorci G, Faivre B. Age-dependent virulence of human pathogens. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010866. [PMID: 36137159 PMCID: PMC9531802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Host age is often evoked as an intrinsic factor aggravating the outcome of host-pathogen interactions. However, the shape of the relationship between age and infection-induced mortality might differ among pathogens, with specific clinical and ecological traits making some pathogens more likely to exert higher mortality in older hosts. Here, we used a large dataset on age-specific case fatality rate (CFR) of 28 human infectious diseases to investigate i) whether age is consistently associated to increased CFR, ii) whether pathogen characteristics might explain higher CFR in older adults. We found that, for most of the infectious diseases considered here, CFR slightly decreased during the first years of life and then steeply increased in older adults. Pathogens inducing diseases with long-lasting symptoms had the steepest increase of age-dependent CFR. Similarly, bacterial diseases and emerging viruses were associated with increasing mortality risk in the oldest age classes. On the contrary, we did not find evidence suggesting that systemic infections have steeper slopes between CFR and age; similarly, the relationship between age and CFR did not differ according to the pathogen transmission mode. Overall, our analysis shows that age is a key trait affecting infection-induced mortality rate in humans, and that the extent of the aggravating effect on older adults depends on some key traits, such as the duration of illness. Mortality due to infectious diseases varies tremendously among infectious agents, with some pathogens producing no mortality, and others being often associated with a fatal outcome. Such variability depends on characteristics of the pathogen, the host and the environment where hosts and pathogens interact. Age is one of the main host traits that accounts for differences in infection-induced mortality (with mortality being higher at the extremes of the age spectrum). Here, we used a large dataset on 28 human infectious diseases to explore the clinical and ecological traits that might account for differences in age-specific mortality risk. We found that pathogens producing long-lasting disease symptoms exert the highest mortality risk in the older adults. Similarly, emerging pathogens are also associated with higher mortality risk in the oldest age classes. These results confirm that age is a key trait affecting infection-induced mortality rate in humans, and show that the extent of the aggravating effect in older adults depends on some key traits, such as the duration of illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Sorci
- Biogéosciences, UMR 6282 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Bruno Faivre
- Biogéosciences, UMR 6282 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
de Albuquerque BHDR, de Oliveira MTFC, Aderaldo JF, de Medeiros Garcia Torres M, Lanza DCF. Human seminal virome: a panel based on recent literature. Basic Clin Androl 2022; 32:16. [PMID: 36064315 PMCID: PMC9444275 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-022-00165-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The seminal virome and its implications for fertility remain poorly understood. To date, there are no defined panels for the detection of viruses of clinical interest in seminal samples. Results In this study, we characterized the human seminal virome based on more than 1,000 studies published over the last five years. Conclusions The number of studies investigating viruses that occur in human semen has increased, and to date, these studies have been mostly prospective or related to specific clinical findings. Through the joint analysis of all these studies, we have listed the viruses related to the worsening of seminal parameters and propose a new panel with the main viruses already described that possibly affect male fertility and health. This panel can assist in evaluating semen quality and serve as a tool for investigation in cases of infertility.
Collapse
|
14
|
Zheng M, Gao B, Zhang J, El-Din MG, Snyder SA, Wu M, Tang L. In-situ chemical attenuation of pharmaceutically active compounds using CaO 2: Influencing factors, mechanistic modeling, and cooperative inactivation of water-borne microbial pathogens. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113531. [PMID: 35613632 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Water polluted by pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) and water-borne pathogens urgently need to develop eco-friendly and advanced water treatment techniques. This paper evaluates the potential of using calcium peroxide (CaO2), a safe and biocompatible oxidant both PhACs (thiamphenicol, florfenicol, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, and primidone) and pathogens (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus) in water. This paper evaluates the potential of using calcium peroxide (CaO2) as a safe and biocompatible oxidant to remove both PhACs (thiamphenicol, florfenicol, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, and primidone) and pathogens (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus) in water. The increased CaO2 dosage increased efficiencies of PhACs attenuation and pathogens inactivation, and both exhibited pseudo-first-order degradation kinetics (R2 > 0.90). PhACs attenuation were mainly via oxidization (H2O2, •OH/O•-, and O2•-) and alkaline hydrolysis (OH-) from CaO2. Moreover, concentrations of these reactive species and their contributions to PhACs attenuation were quantified, and mechanistic model was established and validated. Besides, possible transformation pathways of target PhACs except primidone were proposed. As for pathogen indicators, the suitable inactivation dosage of CaO2 was 0.1 g L-1. The oxidability (18-64%) and alkalinity (82-36%) generated from CaO2 played vital roles in pathogen inactivation. In addition, CaO2 at 0.01-0.1 g L-1 can be applied in remediation of SW contaminated by PhACs and pathogenic bacteria, which can degrade target PhACs with efficiencies of 21-100% under 0.01 g L-1 CaO2, and inactivate 100% of test bacteria under 0.1 g L-1 CaO2. In short, capability of CaO2 to remove target PhACs and microbial pathogens reveals its potential to be used as a representative technology for the advanced treatment of waters contaminated by organic compounds and microbial pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada; Shunde Graduate School of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan City, Guangdong, 528399, China.
| | - Bing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou, Guangdong, 516007, China.
| | - Mohamed Gamal El-Din
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Shane A Snyder
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore, 637141, Singapore.
| | - Minghong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Liang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Klimenko OV. Perspectives on the Use of Small Noncoding RNAs as a Therapy for Severe Virus-Induced Disease Manifestations and Late Complications. BIONANOSCIENCE 2022; 12:994-1001. [PMID: 35529531 PMCID: PMC9066397 DOI: 10.1007/s12668-022-00977-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Many viruses appear each year. Some of these viruses result in severe disease and even death. The frequency of epidemics and pandemics is growing at an alarming rate. The lack of virus-specific etiopathogenic drugs necessitates the search for new tools for the complex treatment of severe viral diseases and their late complications. Small noncoding RNAs and their antagonists may be effective therapeutic tools for preventing virus-induced damage to targeted epithelial cells and surrounding tissues in the manifestation stage. Moreover, sncRNAs could interfere with the virus-interacting host genes that trigger the malignant transformation of target cells as a late complication of severe viral diseases.
Collapse
|
16
|
Maruyama J, Reyna RA, Kishimoto-Urata M, Urata S, Manning JT, Harsell N, Cook R, Huang C, Nikolich-Zugich J, Makishima T, Paessler S. CD4 T-cell depletion prevents Lassa fever associated hearing loss in the mouse model. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010557. [PMID: 35605008 PMCID: PMC9166448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lassa virus (LASV) is the causative agent of Lassa fever (LF), which presents as a lethal hemorrhagic disease in severe cases. LASV-induced hearing loss in survivors is a huge socioeconomic burden, however, the mechanism(s) leading to hearing loss is unknown. In this study, we evaluate in a mouse LF model the auditory function using auditory brainstem response (ABR) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) to determine the mechanisms underlying LASV-induced hearing loss. In the process, we pioneered measures of ABR and DPOAE tests in rodents in biosafety level 4 (BSL-4) facilities. Our T cell depletion studies demonstrated that CD4 T-cells play an important role in LASV-induced hearing loss, while CD8 T-cells are critical for the pathogenicity in the acute phase of LASV infection. Results presented in this study may help to develop future countermeasures against acute disease and LASV-induced hearing loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junki Maruyama
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rachel A. Reyna
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Megumi Kishimoto-Urata
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shinji Urata
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - John T. Manning
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nantian Harsell
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Cook
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Janko Nikolich-Zugich
- Department of Immunobiology and the University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Tomoko Makishima
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Slobodan Paessler
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wada YH, Ogunyinka IA, Yusuff KB, Ochu CL, Yahaya M, Khalid GM, Mutalub YB, Adeniye SB. Knowledge of Lassa fever, its prevention and control practices and their predictors among healthcare workers during an outbreak in Northern Nigeria: A multi-centre cross-sectional assessment. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010259. [PMID: 35286303 PMCID: PMC9045733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The year 2020 Lassa fever (LF) outbreak had the greatest disease burden and
this can place an enormous strain on the already overstretched healthcare
system and can potentially increase morbidity and mortality due to
infectious diseases. Therefore, having a knowledgeable healthcare workforce with appropriate
skills and competencies to prevent and manage outbreaks of a neglected
infectious disease such as LF in Nigeria will potentially enhance public
health. Thus, this survey assessed the level of knowledge of LF and its
prevention and control (PC) measures amongst the healthcare workers (HCWs)
during a LF outbreak in Katsina state, Nigeria. Methodology/Principal findings During this cross-sectional survey, HCWs complete a validated 29-item
questionnaire comprising 18 items on the knowledge of LF and its PC measures
and an item on global self-evaluation of their LF knowledge. Psychometric
properties of the questionnaire were evaluated. Chi-square and binary
logistic regression analyses were conducted. Out of 435 HCWs invited, a total of 400 participated in the study (92%
response rate). The majority of participants (51.8%) demonstrated inadequate
LF knowledge, with 62.9% of those scoring low having a high self-perception
of their LF knowledge with the global scale. This LF knowledge
over-estimation was predicted by LF training status (odds ratio (OR) 2.53;
95% CI: 1.49–4.30; p = 0.001). The level of LF knowledge
and its PC measures among the study participants was low (11.60±8.14, 64.4%)
and predicted by participants’ LF training status (OR 2.06; 95% CI:
1.19–3.57; p = 0.009), place of work (OR 1.82; 95% CI:
1.07–3.08; p = 0.03) and their designations (OR 2.40; 95%
CI: 1.10–5.22; p = 0.03). Conclusion The level of knowledge of LF and its PC measures among the HCWs surveyed was
suboptimal and participants’ LF training status, place of work and
occupational category were the significant predictors. In addition, LF
knowledge overestimation on a global scale was observed among a majority of
HCWs and this was also predicted by LF training status. Therefore, there is
a critical need for health authorities in Nigeria to prioritize continuous
on-the-job training of HCWs on priority neglected tropical diseases such as
Lassa fever. In about five decades in Nigeria, Lassa fever (LF) has infected 3897 and caused
1319 deaths (including 71 healthcare workers (HCWs)) giving a case fatality rate
of 33.8% for confirmed cases in Nigeria. Poor knowledge of LF and its prevention
and control (PC) measures amongst HCWs can lead to non-adherence to LF safety
protocols, healthcare-associated infections, poor patient outcomes, and even the
death of infected HCWs. In addition, LF knowledge over-estimation may lead to
mismanagement of LF cases with potential fatal consequences. Therefore, this
study assessed if the nine different cadres of HCWs interviewed from four health
facilities during an LF outbreak in Katsina, Nigeria have the appropriate level
of LF knowledge. Using a validated questionnaire, data were collected from 400
HCWs and then analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS)
Version 25. Results were tabulated and associations between the variables
determined. More than half of the HCWs demonstrated inadequate LF knowledge with
nearly two out of three of these HCWs over-estimating their LF knowledge.
However, adequate LF knowledge was predicted by training on LF and this in turn
predicted LF knowledge over-estimation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ibrahim Abayomi Ogunyinka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto,
Nigeria
- * E-mail:
| | - Kazeem Babatunde Yusuff
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Practice, College of Pharmacy, QU
Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Chinwe Lucia Ochu
- Prevention, Programmes and Knowledge Management, Nigeria Centre for
Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Yahaya
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Usmanu Danfodiyo
University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Garba Mohammed Khalid
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Bayero
University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Yahkub Babatunde Mutalub
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medical Sciences,
Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
To A, Lai CY, Wong TAS, Namekar M, Lieberman MM, Lehrer AT. Adjuvants Differentially Modulate the Immunogenicity of Lassa Virus Glycoprotein Subunits in Mice. FRONTIERS IN TROPICAL DISEASES 2022; 3. [PMID: 37034031 PMCID: PMC10081732 DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2022.847598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lassa Fever (LF) is an acute viral hemorrhagic fever caused by Lassa virus (LASV) that is primarily transmitted through contact with wild rodents in West Africa. Although several advanced vaccine candidates are progressing through clinical trials, some effective vaccines are virally vectored and thus require a stringent cold-chain, making distribution to rural and resource-poor areas difficult. Recombinant subunit vaccines are advantageous in this aspect as they can be thermostabilized and deployed with minimal storage and transportation requirements. However, antigen dose and adjuvant formulation must be carefully selected to ensure both the appropriate humoral and cell-mediated immune responses are elicited. In this study, we examine the immunogenicity of a two-step immunoaffinity-purified recombinant LASV glycoprotein (GP) with five clinical- and preclinical-grade adjuvants. Swiss Webster mice immunized intramuscularly with 2 or 3 doses of each vaccine formulation showed complete seroconversion and maximal GP-specific antibody response after two immunizations. Formulations with GPI-0100, LiteVax, Montanide™ ISA 51, and Montanide™ ISA 720 induced both IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies suggesting a balanced Th1/Th2 response, whereas formulation of LASV GP with Alhydrogel elicited a IgG1-dominant response. Splenocytes secreting both Th1 and Th2 cytokines i.e., IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-5, were observed from mice receiving both antigen doses formulated with ISA 720, LiteVax and GPI-0100. However, robust, multifunctional T-cells were only detected in mice receiving a higher dose of LASV GP formulated with GPI-0100. Our results emphasize the importance of careful adjuvant selection and lay the immunological basis for a recombinant subunit protein LF vaccine formulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert To
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, The University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Chih-Yun Lai
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, The University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Disease Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, The University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Teri Ann S. Wong
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, The University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Madhuri Namekar
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, The University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Disease Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, The University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Michael M. Lieberman
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, The University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Axel T. Lehrer
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, The University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Disease Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, The University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Correspondence: Axel T. Lehrer,
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Qiu W, Chen H, Zhang S, Xiong Y, Zheng M, Zhu T, Park M, Magnuson JT, Zheng C, El-Din MG. Remediation of surface water contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms using calcium peroxide: Matrix effect, micro-mechanisms and morphological-physiological changes. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 211:118074. [PMID: 35093710 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Calcium peroxide (CaO2), a common solid peroxide, has been increasingly used in contaminated site remediation due to its ability to release oxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and its environmental friendliness. Our present study is first to explore micromechnisms of CaO2 to efficaciously inactivate pathogen indicators including gram-negative bacterium of Escherichia coli (E. coli), gram-positive bacterium of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and virus of Escherichia coli-specific M13 bacteriophage (VCSM13) under low concentration (≤ 4 mmol L-1 (mM)). The inactivation mechanisms of E. coli, S. aureus (1 mmol L-1 CaO2) and VCSM13 (4 mmol L-1) were mainly attributed to OH- (32∼58%) and •OH (34∼42%), followed by H2O2 (13∼20%) and O2•- (10∼12%) generated from CaO2, with the observed morphological and physiological-associated damages. Also, average steady-state concentrations of (OH-, •OH, H2O2, and O2•-) and their reaction rate constants with E. coli and VCSM13 were determined. Accordingly, the micro-mechanism model of inactivation was established and validated, and the inactivation efficiency of the same order of magnitude of pathogen was predicted. Furthermore, during the common environmental factors, the copper ions was found to be promote CaO2 inactivation of pathogens, and dissolved organic matter (DOM) fractions had a negative effect on CaO2 inactivation. The present study explored the mechanisms of CaO2 inactivation of pathogens in real surface water, laying the foundation for its potential use in the inactivation of water-borne microbial pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Qiu
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Honghong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ming Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Tingting Zhu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Management and Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Emerging Contaminants Detection and Control in Water Environment, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Low Energy Sewage Treatment, Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Minkyu Park
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona,1133 E James E Rogers Way, Harshbarger 108, Tucson, AZ 85721-0011, United States
| | - Jason T Magnuson
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Chunmiao Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Mohamed Gamal El-Din
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Adenovirus-based vaccines - a platform for pandemic preparedness against emerging viral pathogens. Mol Ther 2022; 30:1822-1849. [PMID: 35092844 PMCID: PMC8801892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic viruses continually pose a pandemic threat. Infection of humans with viruses for which we typically have little or no prior immunity can result in epidemics with high morbidity and mortality. These epidemics can have public health and economic impact and can exacerbate civil unrest or political instability. Changes in human behavior in the past few decades—increased global travel, farming intensification, the exotic animal trade, and the impact of global warming on animal migratory patterns, habitats, and ecosystems—contribute to the increased frequency of cross-species transmission events. Investing in the pre-clinical advancement of vaccine candidates against diverse emerging viral threats is crucial for pandemic preparedness. Replication-defective adenoviral (Ad) vectors have demonstrated their utility as an outbreak-responsive vaccine platform during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Ad vectors are easy to engineer; are amenable to rapid, inexpensive manufacturing; are relatively safe and immunogenic in humans; and, importantly, do not require specialized cold-chain storage, making them an ideal platform for equitable global distribution or stockpiling. In this review, we discuss the progress in applying Ad-based vaccines against emerging viruses and summarize their global safety profile, as reflected by their widespread geographic use during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
Collapse
|
21
|
Makris S, de Winde CM, Horsnell HL, Cantoral-Rebordinos JA, Finlay RE, Acton SE. Immune function and dysfunction are determined by lymphoid tissue efficacy. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049256. [PMID: 35072206 PMCID: PMC8807573 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphoid tissue returns to a steady state once each immune response is resolved, and although this occurs multiple times throughout life, its structural integrity and functionality remain unaffected. Stromal cells orchestrate cellular interactions within lymphoid tissue, and any changes to the microenvironment can have detrimental outcomes and drive disease. A breakdown in lymphoid tissue homeostasis can lead to a loss of tissue structure and function that can cause aberrant immune responses. This Review highlights recent advances in our understanding of lymphoid tissue function and remodelling in adaptive immunity and in disease states. We discuss the functional role of lymphoid tissue in disease progression and explore the changes to lymphoid tissue structure and function driven by infection, chronic inflammatory conditions and cancer. Understanding the role of lymphoid tissues in immune responses to a wide range of pathologies allows us to take a fuller systemic view of disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Makris
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Charlotte M. de Winde
- Department for Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Harry L. Horsnell
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jesús A. Cantoral-Rebordinos
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Rachel E. Finlay
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Sophie E. Acton
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Murphy HL, Ly H. Pathogenicity and virulence mechanisms of Lassa virus and its animal modeling, diagnostic, prophylactic, and therapeutic developments. Virulence 2021; 12:2989-3014. [PMID: 34747339 PMCID: PMC8923068 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.2000290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lassa fever (LF) is a deadly viral hemorrhagic disease that is endemic to West Africa. The causative agent of LF is Lassa virus (LASV), which causes approximately 300,000 infections and 5,000 deaths annually. There are currently no approved therapeutics or FDA-approved vaccines against LASV. The high genetic variability between LASV strains and immune evasion mediated by the virus complicate the development of effective therapeutics and vaccines. Here, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of the basic biology of LASV and its mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and virulence in various animal models, as well as an update on prospective vaccines, therapeutics, and diagnostics for LF. Until effective vaccines and/or therapeutics are available for use to prevent or treat LF, a better level of understanding of the basic biology of LASV, its natural genetic variations and immune evasion mechanisms as potential pathogenicity factors, and of the rodent reservoir-vector populations and their geographical distributions, is necessary for the development of accurate diagnostics and effective therapeutics and vaccines against this deadly human viral pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Murphy
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, Comparative & Molecular Biosciences Graduate Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
| | - Hinh Ly
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, Comparative & Molecular Biosciences Graduate Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Vasudevan K, Thirumal Kumar D, Udhaya Kumar S, Saleem A, Nagasundaram N, Siva R, Tayubi IA, George Priya Doss C, Zayed H. A computational overview on phylogenetic characterization, pathogenic mutations, and drug targets for Ebola virus disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2021; 61:28-35. [PMID: 34563987 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization declared Ebola virus disease (EVD) as the major outbreak in the 20th century. EVD was first identified in 1976 in South Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. EVD was transmitted from infected fruit bats to humans via contact with infected animal body fluids. The Ebola virus (EBOV) has a genome size of ∼18,959 bp. It encodes seven distinct proteins: nucleoprotein (NP), glycoprotein (GP), viral proteins VP24, VP30, VP35, matrix protein VP40, and polymerase L is considered a prime target for potential antiviral strategies. The current US FDA-approved anti-EVD vaccine, ERVERBO, and the other equally effective anti-EBOV combinations of three fully human monoclonal antibodies such as REGN-EB3, primarily target the envelope glycoprotein. This work elaborates on the EBOV's phylogenetic structure and the crucial mutations associated with viral pathogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karthick Vasudevan
- School of Applied Sciences, Reva University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
| | - D Thirumal Kumar
- Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - S Udhaya Kumar
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Aisha Saleem
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - N Nagasundaram
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - R Siva
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Iftikhar Aslam Tayubi
- Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - C George Priya Doss
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ebola virus requires phosphatidylserine scrambling activity for efficient budding and optimal infectivity. J Virol 2021; 95:e0116521. [PMID: 34319156 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01165-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) attaches to target cells using two categories of cell surface receptors, C-type lectins and phosphatidylserine (PS) receptors. PS receptors typically bind to apoptotic cell membrane PS and orchestrate the uptake and clearance of apoptotic debris. Many enveloped viruses also contain exposed PS and can therefore exploit these receptors for cell entry. Viral infection can induce PS externalization in host cells, resulting in increased outer PS levels on budding virions. Scramblase enzymes carry out cellular PS externalization, thus, we targeted these proteins in order to manipulate viral envelope PS levels. We investigated two scramblases previously identified to be involved in EBOV PS levels, transmembrane protein 16F and Xk-related protein 8 (XKR8), as possible mediators of cellular and viral envelope surface PS levels during the replication of recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus containing its native glycoprotein (rVSV/G) or the EBOV glycoprotein (rVSV/EBOV-GP). We found that rVSV/G and rVSV/EBOV-GP virions produced in XKR8 knockout cells contain decreased levels of PS on their surfaces, and the PS-deficient rVSV/EBOV-GP virions are 70% less efficient at infecting cells through PS receptors. We also observed reduced rVSV and EBOV virus-like particle (VLP) budding in ΔXKR8 cells. Deleting XKR8 in HAP1 cells reduced rVSV/G and rVSV/EBOV-GP budding by 60% and 65% respectively, and reduced Ebola VLP budding more than 60%. We further demonstrated that caspase cleavage of XKR8 is required to promote budding. This suggests that XKR8, in addition to mediating virion PS levels, may also be critical for enveloped virus budding at the plasma membrane. Importance Within the last decade, countries in western and central Africa have experienced the most widespread and deadly Ebola outbreaks since the virus was identified in 1976. While outbreaks are primarily attributed to zoonotic transfer events, new evidence is emerging that outbreaks may be caused by a combination of spillover events and viral latency or persistence in survivors. The possibility that Ebola can remain dormant then re-emerge in survivors highlights the critical need to prevent the virus from entering and establishing infection in human cells. Thus far, host-cell scramblases TMEM16F and XKR8 have been implicated in Ebola envelope surface phosphatidylserine (PS) and cell entry using PS receptors. We assessed the contributions of these proteins using CRISPR knockout cells and two EBOV models: rVSV/EBOV-GP and EBOV VLPs. We observed that XKR8 is required for optimal EBOV envelope PS levels and infectivity, and particle budding across all viral models.
Collapse
|
25
|
Nouveau L, Buatois V, Cons L, Chatel L, Pontini G, Pleche N, Ferlin WG. Immunological analysis of the murine anti-CD3-induced cytokine release syndrome model and therapeutic efficacy of anti-cytokine antibodies. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:2074-2085. [PMID: 33945643 PMCID: PMC8237068 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aberrant release of inflammatory mediators often referred to as a cytokine storm or cytokine release syndrome (CRS), is a common and sometimes fatal complication in acute infectious diseases including Ebola, dengue, COVID-19, and influenza. Fatal CRS occurrences have also plagued the development of highly promising cancer therapies based on T-cell engagers and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. CRS is intimately linked with dysregulated and excessive cytokine release, including IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL 1, IL-6, and IL-10, resulting in a systemic inflammatory response leading to multiple organ failure. Here, we show that mice intravenously administered the agonistic hamster anti-mouse CD3ε monoclonal antibody 145-2C11 develop clinical and laboratory manifestations seen in patients afflicted with CRS, including body weight loss, hepatosplenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, increased vascular permeability, lung inflammation, and hypercytokinemia. Blood cytokine levels and gene expression analysis from lung, liver, and spleen demonstrated a hierarchy of inflammatory cytokine production and infiltrating immune cells with differentiating organ-dependent kinetics. IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6 up-regulation preceded clinical signs of CRS. The co-treatment of mice with a neutralizing anti-cytokine antibody cocktail transiently improved early clinical and laboratory features of CRS. We discuss the predictive use of this model in the context of new anti-cytokine strategies to treat human CRS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lise Nouveau
- Light Chain Bioscience-Novimmune S.A., Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Laura Cons
- Light Chain Bioscience-Novimmune S.A., Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Nicolas Pleche
- Light Chain Bioscience-Novimmune S.A., Geneva, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Popova OD, Zubkova OV, Ozharovskaia TA, Zrelkin DI, Voronina DV, Dolzhikova IV, Shcheblyakov DV, Naroditsky BS, Logunov DY, Gintsburg AL. [Review of candidate vaccines for the prevention of Lassa fever]. Vopr Virusol 2021; 66:91-102. [PMID: 33993679 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The Lassa virus one of the main etiological agent of hemorrhagic fevers in the world: according to WHO estimates, it affects 100,000 to 300,000 people annually, which results in up to 10,000 deaths [1]. Although expansion of Lassa fever caused by this pathogen is mostly limited to the West African countries: Sierra Leone, Liberia, Guinea and Nigeria, imported cases have been historically documented in Europe, the United States of America (USA), Canada, Japan, and Israel [2]. In 2017, WHO included the Lassa virus in the list of priority pathogens in need of accelerated research, development of vaccines, therapeutic agents and diagnostic tools regarding infections they cause [3]. This review describes main technological platforms used for the development of vaccines for the prevention of Lassa fever.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O D Popova
- FSBI «National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya» of the Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - O V Zubkova
- FSBI «National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya» of the Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - T A Ozharovskaia
- FSBI «National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya» of the Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - D I Zrelkin
- FSBI «National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya» of the Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - D V Voronina
- FSBI «National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya» of the Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - I V Dolzhikova
- FSBI «National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya» of the Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - D V Shcheblyakov
- FSBI «National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya» of the Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - B S Naroditsky
- FSBI «National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya» of the Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - D Yu Logunov
- FSBI «National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya» of the Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - A L Gintsburg
- FSBI «National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya» of the Ministry of Health of Russia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Host miRNAs Correlated with Immune Gene Dysregulation during Fatal Disease Progression in the Ebola Virus Cynomolgus Macaque Disease Model. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030665. [PMID: 33806942 PMCID: PMC8005181 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus is a continuing threat to human populations, causing a virulent hemorrhagic fever disease characterized by dysregulation of both the innate and adaptive host immune responses. Severe cases are distinguished by an early, elevated pro-inflammatory response followed by a pronounced lymphopenia with B and T cells unable to mount an effective anti-viral response. The precise mechanisms underlying the dysregulation of the host immune system are poorly understood. In recent years, focus on host-derived miRNAs showed these molecules to play an important role in the host gene regulation arsenal. Here, we describe an investigation of RNA biomarkers in the fatal Ebola virus disease (EVD) cynomolgus macaque model. We monitored both host mRNA and miRNA responses in whole blood longitudinally over the disease course in these non-human primates (NHPs). Analysis of the interactions between these classes of RNAs revealed several miRNA markers significantly correlated with downregulation of genes; specifically, the analysis revealed those involved in dysregulated immune pathways associated with EVD. In particular, we noted strong interactions between the miRNAs hsa-miR-122-5p and hsa-miR-125b-5p with immunological genes regulating both B and T-cell activation. This promising set of biomarkers will be useful in future studies of severe EVD pathogenesis in both NHPs and humans and may serve as potential prognostic targets.
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang M, Li R, Li Y, Yu C, Chi X, Wu S, Liu S, Xu J, Chen W. Construction and Immunological Evaluation of an Adenoviral Vector-Based Vaccine Candidate for Lassa Fever. Viruses 2021; 13:v13030484. [PMID: 33804206 PMCID: PMC8001012 DOI: 10.3390/v13030484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lassa virus (LASV) is a rodent-borne arenavirus circulating in West African regions that causes Lassa fever (LF). LF is normally asymptomatic at the initial infection stage, but can progress to severe disease with multiorgan collapse and hemorrhagic fever. To date, the therapeutic choices are limited, and there is no approved vaccine for avoiding LASV infection. Adenoviral vector-based vaccines represent an effective countermeasure against LASV because of their safety and adequate immunogenicity, as demonstrated in use against other emerging viral infections. Here, we constructed and characterized a novel Ad5 (E1-, E3-) vectored vaccine containing the glycoprotein precursor (GPC) of LASV. Ad5-GPCLASV elicited both humoral and cellular immune responses in BALB/c mice. Moreover, a bioluminescent imaging-based BALB/c mouse model infected with GPC-bearing and luciferase-expressing replication-incompetent LASV pseudovirus was utilized to evaluate the vaccine efficacy. The bioluminescence intensity of immunized mice was significantly lower than that of control mice after being inoculated with LASV pseudovirus. This study suggests that Ad5-GPCLASV represents a potential vaccine candidate against LF.
Collapse
|
29
|
Designing a multi-epitope vaccine against the Lassa virus through reverse vaccinology, subtractive proteomics, and immunoinformatics approaches. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2021.100683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
|
30
|
Li AL, Grant D, Gbakie M, Kanneh L, Mustafa I, Bond N, Engel E, Schieffelin J, Vandy MJ, Yeh S, Shantha JG. Ophthalmic manifestations and vision impairment in Lassa fever survivors. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243766. [PMID: 33301526 PMCID: PMC7728206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to describe the ocular findings, structural ocular complications, and vision impairment in a cohort of Lassa fever survivors in Kenema, Sierra Leone. A retrospective, uncontrolled, cross-sectional study of 31 Lassa fever survivors (62 eyes) who underwent an ophthalmic evaluation in January 2018 at the Kenema Government Hospital in Kenema, Sierra Leone was performed. Data collection included demographic information, ocular/systemic symptoms, visual acuity (VA), and ophthalmic examination findings. Main outcome measures included anterior and posterior segment ophthalmic manifestations and level of VA impairment in Lassa fever survivors. Anterior segment findings included cataract (18%) and pterygium (2%), while posterior segment manifestations consisted of glaucoma (6%), preretinal hemorrhage (2%), and lattice degeneration (2%). Findings suggestive of prior sequelae of uveitis included chorioretinal scarring (5%), retinal fibrosis (3%), and vitreous opacity (2%). Visual acuity was normal/mildly impaired in 53 eyes (85%), moderately impaired in 6 eyes (10%), and 3 eyes (5%) were considered blind by the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Median VA was worse in Lassa fever survivors with ophthalmic disease findings (p<0.0001) for both anterior segment (p<0.0001) and posterior segment disease (p<0.013). Untreated cataract was a significant cause of visual acuity impairment (p<0.0001). Lassa fever survivors in this cohort were found to have cataract and posterior segment findings that potentially represent sequelae of uveitis associated with visual impairment. Future studies are warranted to improve our understanding of the spectrum of ocular disease in this emerging infectious disease of public health consequence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexa L. Li
- Section of Vitreoretinal Disease and Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, Emory Eye Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Donald Grant
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Michael Gbakie
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | - Lansana Kanneh
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | - Ibrahim Mustafa
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | - Nell Bond
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Emily Engel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - John Schieffelin
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Vandy
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, National Eye Program, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Steven Yeh
- Section of Vitreoretinal Disease and Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, Emory Eye Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JGS); (SY)
| | - Jessica G. Shantha
- Section of Vitreoretinal Disease and Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, Emory Eye Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JGS); (SY)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Peng S, Chen Q, Liu E. The role of computational fluid dynamics tools on investigation of pathogen transmission: Prevention and control. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 746:142090. [PMID: 33027870 PMCID: PMC7458093 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Transmission mechanics of infectious pathogen in various environments are of great complexity and has always been attracting many researchers' attention. As a cost-effective and powerful method, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) plays an important role in numerically solving environmental fluid mechanics. Besides, with the development of computer science, an increasing number of researchers start to analyze pathogen transmission by using CFD methods. Inspired by the impact of COVID-19, this review summarizes research works of pathogen transmission based on CFD methods with different models and algorithms. Defining the pathogen as the particle or gaseous in CFD simulation is a common method and epidemic models are used in some investigations to rise the authenticity of calculation. Although it is not so difficult to describe the physical characteristics of pathogens, how to describe the biological characteristics of it is still a big challenge in the CFD simulation. A series of investigations which analyzed pathogen transmission in different environments (hospital, teaching building, etc) demonstrated the effect of airflow on pathogen transmission and emphasized the importance of reasonable ventilation. Finally, this review presented three advanced methods: LBM method, Porous Media method, and Web-based forecasting method. Although CFD methods mentioned in this review may not alleviate the current pandemic situation, it helps researchers realize the transmission mechanisms of pathogens like viruses and bacteria and provides guidelines for reducing infection risk in epidemic or pandemic situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanbi Peng
- School of Civil Engineering and Geomatics, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Qikun Chen
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, CF24 0DE, UK.
| | - Enbin Liu
- School of Petroleum Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Taboe HB, Salako KV, Tison JM, Ngonghala CN, Glèlè Kakaï R. Predicting COVID-19 spread in the face of control measures in West Africa. Math Biosci 2020; 328:108431. [PMID: 32738248 PMCID: PMC7388784 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2020.108431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is causing devastating demographic, social, and economic damage globally. Understanding current patterns of the pandemic spread and forecasting its long-term trajectory is essential in guiding policies aimed at curtailing the pandemic. This is particularly important in regions with weak economies and fragile health care systems such as West Africa. We formulate and use a deterministic compartmental model to (i) assess the current patterns of COVID-19 spread in West Africa, (ii) evaluate the impact of currently implemented control measures, and (iii) predict the future course of the pandemic with and without currently implemented and additional control measures in West Africa. An analytical expression for the threshold level of control measures (involving a reduction in the effective contact rate) required to curtail the pandemic is computed. Considering currently applied health control measures, numerical simulations of the model using baseline parameter values estimated from West African COVID-19 data project a 67% reduction in the daily number of cases when the epidemic attains its peak. More reduction in the number of cases will be achieved if additional public health control measures that result in a reduction in the effective contact rate are implemented. We found out that disease elimination is difficult when more asymptomatic individuals contribute in transmission or are not identified and isolated in a timely manner. However, maintaining a baseline level of asymptomatic isolation and a low transmission rate will lead to a significant reduction in the number of daily cases when the pandemic peaks. For example, at the baseline level of asymptomatic isolation, at least a 46% reduction in the transmission rate is required for disease elimination. Additionally, disease elimination is possible if asymptomatic individuals are identified and isolated within 5 days (after the incubation period). Combining two or more measures is better for disease control, e.g., if asymptomatic cases are contact traced or identified and isolated in less than 8 days, only about 29% reduction in the disease transmission rate is required for disease elimination. Furthermore, we showed that the currently implemented measures triggered a 33% reduction in the time-dependent effective reproduction number between February 28 and June 26, 2020. We conclude that curtailing the COVID-19 pandemic burden significantly in West Africa requires more control measures than those that have already been implemented, as well as more mass testing and contact tracing in order to identify and isolate asymptomatic individuals early.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hémaho B Taboe
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d'Estimations Forestières, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Kolawolé V Salako
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d'Estimations Forestières, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - James M Tison
- Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Calistus N Ngonghala
- Department of Mathematics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Emerging pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Romain Glèlè Kakaï
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d'Estimations Forestières, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cornish EF, Filipovic I, Åsenius F, Williams DJ, McDonnell T. Innate Immune Responses to Acute Viral Infection During Pregnancy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:572567. [PMID: 33101294 PMCID: PMC7556209 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.572567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunological adaptations in pregnancy allow maternal tolerance of the semi-allogeneic fetus but also increase maternal susceptibility to infection. At implantation, the endometrial stroma, glands, arteries and immune cells undergo anatomical and functional transformation to create the decidua, the specialized secretory endometrium of pregnancy. The maternal decidua and the invading fetal trophoblast constitute a dynamic junction that facilitates a complex immunological dialogue between the two. The decidual and peripheral immune systems together assume a pivotal role in regulating the critical balance between tolerance and defense against infection. Throughout pregnancy, this equilibrium is repeatedly subjected to microbial challenge. Acute viral infection in pregnancy is associated with a wide spectrum of adverse consequences for both mother and fetus. Vertical transmission from mother to fetus can cause developmental anomalies, growth restriction, preterm birth and stillbirth, while the mother is predisposed to heightened morbidity and maternal death. A rapid, effective response to invasive pathogens is therefore essential in order to avoid overwhelming maternal infection and consequent fetal compromise. This sentinel response is mediated by the innate immune system: a heritable, highly evolutionarily conserved system comprising physical barriers, antimicrobial peptides (AMP) and a variety of immune cells—principally neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells—which express pattern-receptors that detect invariant molecular signatures unique to pathogenic micro-organisms. Recognition of these signatures during acute infection triggers signaling cascades that enhance antimicrobial properties such as phagocytosis, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of the complement system. As well as coordinating the initial immune response, macrophages and dendritic cells present microbial antigens to lymphocytes, initiating and influencing the development of specific, long-lasting adaptive immunity. Despite extensive progress in unraveling the immunological adaptations of pregnancy, pregnant women remain particularly susceptible to certain acute viral infections and continue to experience mortality rates equivalent to those observed in pandemics several decades ago. Here, we focus specifically on the pregnancy-induced vulnerabilities in innate immunity that contribute to the disproportionately high maternal mortality observed in the following acute viral infections: Lassa fever, Ebola virus disease (EVD), dengue fever, hepatitis E, influenza, and novel coronavirus infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily F Cornish
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Iva Filipovic
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrika Åsenius
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David J Williams
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas McDonnell
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Antibodies from Sierra Leonean and Nigerian Lassa fever survivors cross-react with recombinant proteins representing Lassa viruses of divergent lineages. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16030. [PMID: 32994446 PMCID: PMC7525497 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72539-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lassa virus (LASV) is the causative agent of Lassa fever, an often-fatal hemorrhagic disease that is endemic in West Africa. Seven genetically distinct LASV lineages have been identified. As part of CEPI's (Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations) Lassa vaccine development program, we assessed the potential of the human immune system to mount cross-reactive and cross-protective humoral immune responses to antigens from the most prevalent LASV lineages, which are lineages II and III in Nigeria and lineage IV in Sierra Leone. IgG and IgM present in the blood of Lassa fever survivors from Nigeria or Sierra Leone exhibited substantial cross-reactivity for binding to LASV nucleoprotein and two engineered (linked and prefusion) versions of the glycoproteins (GP) of lineages II-IV. There was less cross-reactivity for the Zinc protein. Serum or plasma from Nigerian Lassa fever survivors neutralized LASV pseudoviruses expressing lineage II GP better than they neutralized lineage III or IV GP expressing pseudoviruses. Sierra Leonean survivors did not exhibit a lineage bias. Neutralization titres determined using LASV pseudovirus assays showed significant correlation with titres determined by plaque reduction with infectious LASV. These studies provide guidance for comparison of humoral immunity to LASV of distinct lineages following natural infection or immunization.
Collapse
|
35
|
Condrey JA, Flietstra T, Nestor KM, Schlosser EL, Coleman-McCray JD, Genzer SC, Welch SR, Spengler JR. Prothrombin Time, Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time, and Fibrinogen Reference Intervals for Inbred Strain 13/N Guinea Pigs ( Cavia porcellus) and Validation of Low Volume Sample Analysis. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081127. [PMID: 32726969 PMCID: PMC7463423 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inbred strain 13/N guinea pigs are used as small animal models for the study of hemorrhagic fever viruses. Coagulation abnormalities, including prolonged clotting times and bleeding, are characteristic of hemorrhagic fever in humans; patients often meet criteria for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Comprehensively evaluating coagulation function is critical in model development and studies of viral pathogenesis and therapeutic efficacy. Here, using the VetScan VSpro veterinary point-of-care platform, we developed reference intervals in both juvenile and adult strain 13/N guinea pigs for three coagulation parameters: prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and fibrinogen. In addition, for situations or species with limited availability of blood for clinical analysis, we investigated the validity of a modified collection approach for low-volume (0.1 mL) blood sample analysis of PT and aPTT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jillian A. Condrey
- Comparative Medicine Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (J.A.C.); (K.M.N.); (E.L.S.); (S.C.G.)
| | - Timothy Flietstra
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (T.F.); (J.D.C.-M.); (S.R.W.)
| | - Kaitlyn M. Nestor
- Comparative Medicine Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (J.A.C.); (K.M.N.); (E.L.S.); (S.C.G.)
| | - Elizabeth L. Schlosser
- Comparative Medicine Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (J.A.C.); (K.M.N.); (E.L.S.); (S.C.G.)
| | - JoAnn D. Coleman-McCray
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (T.F.); (J.D.C.-M.); (S.R.W.)
| | - Sarah C. Genzer
- Comparative Medicine Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (J.A.C.); (K.M.N.); (E.L.S.); (S.C.G.)
| | - Stephen R. Welch
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (T.F.); (J.D.C.-M.); (S.R.W.)
| | - Jessica R. Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (T.F.); (J.D.C.-M.); (S.R.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-404-639-1136; Fax: +1-404-639-1509
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Klitting R, Mehta SB, Oguzie JU, Oluniyi PE, Pauthner MG, Siddle KJ, Andersen KG, Happi CT, Sabeti PC. Lassa Virus Genetics. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2020. [PMID: 32418034 DOI: 10.1007/82_2020_212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In a pattern repeated across a range of ecological niches, arenaviruses have evolved a compact four-gene genome to orchestrate a complex life cycle in a narrow range of susceptible hosts. A number of mammalian arenaviruses cross-infect humans, often causing a life-threatening viral hemorrhagic fever. Among this group of geographically bound zoonoses, Lassa virus has evolved a unique niche that leads to significant and sustained human morbidity and mortality. As a biosafety level 4 pathogen, direct study of the pathogenesis of Lassa virus is limited by the sparse availability, high operating costs, and technical restrictions of the high-level biocontainment laboratories required for safe experimentation. In this chapter, we introduce the relationship between genome structure and the life cycle of Lassa virus and outline reverse genetic approaches used to probe and describe functional elements of the Lassa virus genome. We then review the tools used to obtain viral genomic sequences used for phylogeny and molecular diagnostics, before shifting to a population perspective to assess the contributions of phylogenetic analysis in understanding the evolution and ecology of Lassa virus in West Africa. We finally consider the future outlook and clinical applications for genetic study of Lassa virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaëlle Klitting
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Samar B Mehta
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Judith U Oguzie
- African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemers University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Paul E Oluniyi
- African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemers University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Matthias G Pauthner
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Kristian G Andersen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Christian T Happi
- African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemers University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Pardis C Sabeti
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Feldmann
- From the Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT (H.F.); Médecins sans Frontières, Brussels (A.S.); and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston (T.W.G.)
| | - Armand Sprecher
- From the Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT (H.F.); Médecins sans Frontières, Brussels (A.S.); and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston (T.W.G.)
| | - Thomas W Geisbert
- From the Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT (H.F.); Médecins sans Frontières, Brussels (A.S.); and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston (T.W.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wauquier N, Couffignal C, Manchon P, Smith E, Lungay V, Coomber M, Weisenfluh L, Bangura J, Khan SH, Jambai A, Gbakima A, Yun N, Paessler S, Schoepp R, Morse SS, Gonzalez JP, Fair J, Mentré F, Vieillard V. High heart rate at admission as a predictive factor of mortality in hospitalized patients with Lassa fever: An observational cohort study in Sierra Leone. J Infect 2020; 80:671-693. [PMID: 32027872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Wauquier
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France; Metabiota Inc., Silver Spring and San Francisco, United States
| | - Camille Couffignal
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, IAME, Inserm UMR 1137, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Pauline Manchon
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, IAME, Inserm UMR 1137, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Moinya Coomber
- Sierra Leone Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Sierra Leone
| | - Lauren Weisenfluh
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | | | | | - Amara Jambai
- Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | | | - Nadezda Yun
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Slobodan Paessler
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Randal Schoepp
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
| | - Stephen S Morse
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Joseph Fair
- Metabiota Inc., Silver Spring and San Francisco, United States
| | - France Mentré
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, IAME, Inserm UMR 1137, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Vieillard
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sanchez-Lockhart M, Reyes DS, Gonzalez JC, Garcia KY, Villa EC, Pfeffer BP, Trefry JC, Kugelman JR, Pitt ML, Palacios GF. Qualitative Profiling of the Humoral Immune Response Elicited by rVSV-ΔG-EBOV-GP Using a Systems Serology Assay, Domain Programmable Arrays. Cell Rep 2020; 24:1050-1059.e5. [PMID: 30044972 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of an effective vaccine became a worldwide priority after the devastating 2013-2016 Ebola disease outbreak. To qualitatively profile the humoral response against advanced filovirus vaccine candidates, we developed Domain Programmable Arrays (DPA), a systems serology platform to identify epitopes targeted after vaccination or filovirus infection. We optimized the assay using a panel of well-characterized monoclonal antibodies. After optimization, we utilized the system to longitudinally characterize the immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype-specific responses in non-human primates vaccinated with rVSV-ΔG-EBOV-glycoprotein (GP). Strikingly, we observed that, although the IgM response was directed against epitopes over the whole GP, the IgG and IgA responses were almost exclusively directed against the mucin-like domain (MLD) of the glycan cap. Further research will be needed to characterize this possible biased IgG and IgA response toward the MLD, but the results corroborate that DPA is a valuable tool to qualitatively measure the humoral response after vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart
- Center for Genome Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Daniel S Reyes
- Center for Genome Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jeanette C Gonzalez
- Center for Genome Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Karla Y Garcia
- Center for Genome Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Erika C Villa
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Bradley P Pfeffer
- Center for Genome Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - John C Trefry
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Kugelman
- Center for Genome Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Margaret L Pitt
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Gustavo F Palacios
- Center for Genome Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lee JK, Oh SJ, Park H, Shin OS. Recent Updates on Research Models and Tools to Study Virus-Host Interactions at the Placenta. Viruses 2019; 12:E5. [PMID: 31861492 PMCID: PMC7020004 DOI: 10.3390/v12010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta is a unique mixed organ, composed of both maternal and fetal tissues, that is formed only during pregnancy and serves as the key physiological and immunological barrier preventing maternal-fetal transmission of pathogens. Several viruses can circumvent this physical barrier and enter the fetal compartment, resulting in miscarriage, preterm birth, and birth defects, including microcephaly. The mechanisms underlying viral strategies to evade the protective role of placenta are poorly understood. Here, we reviewed the role of trophoblasts and Hofbauer cells in the placenta and have highlighted characteristics of vertical and perinatal infections caused by a wide range of viruses. Moreover, we explored current progress and future opportunities in cellular targets, pathogenesis, and underlying biological mechanisms of congenital viral infections, as well as novel research models and tools to study the placenta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Kyung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308 Korea; (J.K.L.); (S.-J.O.)
| | - Soo-Jin Oh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308 Korea; (J.K.L.); (S.-J.O.)
| | - Hosun Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyeonchung-ro, Namgu, Daegu 42415, Korea
| | - Ok Sarah Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308 Korea; (J.K.L.); (S.-J.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Rousette Bat Dendritic Cells Overcome Marburg Virus-Mediated Antiviral Responses by Upregulation of Interferon-Related Genes While Downregulating Proinflammatory Disease Mediators. mSphere 2019; 4:4/6/e00728-19. [PMID: 31801842 PMCID: PMC6893212 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00728-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Marburg viruses (MARVs) cause severe human disease resulting from aberrant immune responses. Dendritic cells (DCs) are primary targets of infection and are dysregulated by MARV. Dysregulation of DCs facilitates MARV replication and virus dissemination and influences downstream immune responses that result in immunopathology. Egyptian rousette bats (ERBs) are natural reservoirs of MARV, and infection results in virus replication and shedding, with asymptomatic control of the virus within weeks. The mechanisms that bats employ to appropriately respond to infection while avoiding disease are unknown. Because DC infection and modulation are important early events in human disease, we measured the transcriptional responses of ERB DCs to MARV. The significance of this work is in identifying cell type-specific coevolved responses between ERBs and MARV, which gives insight into how bat reservoirs are able to harbor MARV and permit viral replication, allowing transmission and maintenance in the population while simultaneously preventing immunopathogenesis. Dysregulated and maladaptive immune responses are at the forefront of human diseases caused by infection with zoonotic viral hemorrhagic fever viruses. Elucidating mechanisms of how the natural animal reservoirs of these viruses coexist with these agents without overt disease, while permitting sufficient replication to allow for transmission and maintenance in a population, is important for understanding the viral ecology and spillover to humans. The Egyptian rousette bat (ERB) has been identified as a reservoir for Marburg virus (MARV), a filovirus and the etiological agent of the highly lethal Marburg virus disease. Little is known regarding how these bats immunologically respond to MARV infection. In humans, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) are primary targets of infection, and their dysregulation is thought to play a central role in filovirus diseases, by disturbing their normal functions as innate sensors and adaptive immune response facilitators while serving as amplification and dissemination agents for the virus. The infection status and responses to MARV in bat myeloid-lineage cells are uncharacterized and likely represent an important modulator of the bat’s immune response to MARV infection. Here, we generate DCs from the bone marrow of rousette bats. Infection with a bat isolate of MARV resulted in a low level of transcription in these cells and significantly downregulated DC maturation and adaptive immune-stimulatory pathways while simultaneously upregulating interferon-related pathogen-sensing pathways. This study provides a first insight into how the bat immune response is directed toward preventing aberrant inflammatory responses while mounting an antiviral response to defend against MARV infection. IMPORTANCE Marburg viruses (MARVs) cause severe human disease resulting from aberrant immune responses. Dendritic cells (DCs) are primary targets of infection and are dysregulated by MARV. Dysregulation of DCs facilitates MARV replication and virus dissemination and influences downstream immune responses that result in immunopathology. Egyptian rousette bats (ERBs) are natural reservoirs of MARV, and infection results in virus replication and shedding, with asymptomatic control of the virus within weeks. The mechanisms that bats employ to appropriately respond to infection while avoiding disease are unknown. Because DC infection and modulation are important early events in human disease, we measured the transcriptional responses of ERB DCs to MARV. The significance of this work is in identifying cell type-specific coevolved responses between ERBs and MARV, which gives insight into how bat reservoirs are able to harbor MARV and permit viral replication, allowing transmission and maintenance in the population while simultaneously preventing immunopathogenesis.
Collapse
|
42
|
Differential Immune Responses to Hemorrhagic Fever-Causing Arenaviruses. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7040138. [PMID: 31581720 PMCID: PMC6963578 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7040138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The family Arenaviridae contains several pathogens of major clinical importance. The Old World (OW) arenavirus Lassa virus is endemic in West Africa and is estimated to cause up to 300,000 infections each year. The New World (NW) arenaviruses Junín and Machupo periodically cause hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in South America. While these arenaviruses are highly pathogenic in humans, recent evidence indicates that pathogenic OW and NW arenaviruses interact with the host immune system differently, which may have differential impacts on viral pathogenesis. Severe Lassa fever cases are characterized by profound immunosuppression. In contrast, pathogenic NW arenavirus infections are accompanied by elevated levels of Type I interferon and pro-inflammatory cytokines. This review aims to summarize recent findings about interactions of these pathogenic arenaviruses with the innate immune machinery and the subsequent effects on adaptive immunity, which may inform the development of vaccines and therapeutics against arenavirus infections.
Collapse
|
43
|
Maruyama J, Mateer EJ, Manning JT, Sattler R, Seregin AV, Bukreyeva N, Jones FR, Balint JP, Gabitzsch ES, Huang C, Paessler S. Adenoviral vector-based vaccine is fully protective against lethal Lassa fever challenge in Hartley guinea pigs. Vaccine 2019; 37:6824-6831. [PMID: 31561999 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lassa virus (LASV), the causative agent of Lassa fever (LF), was first identified in 1969. Since then, outbreaks in the endemic countries of Nigeria, Liberia, and Sierra Leone occur on an annual basis resulting in a case-fatality rate of 15-70% in hospitalized patients. There is currently no licensed vaccine and there are limited animal models to test vaccine efficacy. An estimated 37.7 million people are at risk of contracting LASV; therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of a safe, effective vaccine against LASV infection. The LF endemic countries are also inflicted with HIV, Ebola, and malaria infections. The safety in immunocompromised populations must be considered in LASV vaccine development. The novel adenovirus vector-based platform, Ad5 (E1-,E2b-) has been used in clinical trial protocols for treatment of immunocompromised individuals, has been shown to exhibit high stability, low safety risk in humans, and induces a strong cell-mediated and pro-inflammatory immune response even in the presence of pre-existing adenovirus immunity. To this nature, our lab has developed an Ad5 (E1-,E2b-) vector-based vaccine expressing the LASV-NP or LASV-GPC. We found that guinea pigs vaccinated with two doses of Ad5 (E1-,E2b-) LASV-NP and Ad5 (E1-,E2b-) LASV-GPC were protected against lethal LASV challenge. The Ad5 (E1-,E2b-) LASV-NP and LASV-GPC vaccine represents a potential vaccine candidate against LF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junki Maruyama
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Mateer
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - John T Manning
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Rachel Sattler
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Alexey V Seregin
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Natalya Bukreyeva
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Slobodan Paessler
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Iampietro M, Santos RI, Lubaki NM, Bukreyev A. Ebola Virus Shed Glycoprotein Triggers Differentiation, Infection, and Death of Monocytes Through Toll-Like Receptor 4 Activation. J Infect Dis 2019; 218:S327-S334. [PMID: 30085081 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the mechanisms used by Ebola virus to disable the host immune system and spread the infection are of great importance for development of new therapeutic strategies. We demonstrate that treatment of monocytic cells with Ebola virus shed glycoprotein (GP) promotes their differentiation resulting in increased infection and cell death. The effects were inhibited by blocking Toll-like receptor 4 pathway. In addition, high levels of shed GP were detected in supernatants of cells treated with Ebola vaccines. This study highlights the role of shed GP in Ebola pathogenesis and also in adverse effects associated with Ebola vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Iampietro
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch.,Galveston National Laboratory, The University of Texas Medical Branch
| | - Rodrigo I Santos
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch.,Galveston National Laboratory, The University of Texas Medical Branch
| | - Ndongala Michel Lubaki
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch.,Galveston National Laboratory, The University of Texas Medical Branch
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch.,Galveston National Laboratory, The University of Texas Medical Branch
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Younan P, Iampietro M, Santos RI, Ramanathan P, Popov VL, Bukreyev A. Role of Transmembrane Protein 16F in the Incorporation of Phosphatidylserine Into Budding Ebola Virus Virions. J Infect Dis 2019; 218:S335-S345. [PMID: 30289531 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral apoptotic mimicry, which is defined by exposure of phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) into the outer leaflet of budding enveloped viruses, increases viral tropism, infectivity and promotes immune evasion. Here, we report that the calcium (Ca2+)-dependent scramblase, transmembrane protein 16F (TMEM16F), is responsible for the incorporation of PtdSer into virion membranes during Ebola virus infection. Infection of Huh7 cells with Ebola virus resulted in a pronounced increase in plasma membrane-associated PtdSer, which was demonstrated to be dependent on TMEM16F function. Analysis of virions using imaging flow cytometry revealed that short hairpin RNA-mediated down-regulation of TMEM16F function directly reduced virion-associated PtdSer. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that TMEM16F is a central cellular factor in the exposure of PtdSer in the outer leaflet of viral membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Younan
- Departments of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston.,Departments of Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston.,Departments of University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Mathieu Iampietro
- Departments of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston.,Departments of Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston.,Departments of University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Rodrigo I Santos
- Departments of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston.,Departments of Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston.,Departments of University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Palaniappan Ramanathan
- Departments of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston.,Departments of Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston.,Departments of University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Vsevolod L Popov
- Departments of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston.,Departments of University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Departments of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston.,Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston.,Departments of Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston.,Departments of University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Garnett LE, Strong JE. Lassa fever: With 50 years of study, hundreds of thousands of patients and an extremely high disease burden, what have we learned? Curr Opin Virol 2019; 37:123-131. [PMID: 31479990 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Garnett
- Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Canada; Departments of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - James E Strong
- Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Canada; Departments of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Departments of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Assessment of antiviral therapeutics in animal models of Lassa fever. Curr Opin Virol 2019; 37:84-90. [PMID: 31357140 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lassa virus (LASV) is an emerging zoonotic virus endemic in West Africa that can cause severe haemorrhagic Lassa fever (LF) in humans. LF recently gained international attention as a prominent infectious disease, leading to increasingly severe outbreaks in Nigeria over the past three years. Morbidity and mortality associated with LF disease in Nigeria continue to rise with 106 deaths reported in 2016, 143 in 2017 and 562 in 2018. Despite the significant health impact LF imposes on West Africa there are currently no FDA-approved therapeutics or vaccines available for treatment and prevention. This review focuses on the assessment and current state of LF antiviral therapeutics in animal models and their potential role in reducing disease burden throughout West Africa.
Collapse
|
48
|
Languon S, Quaye O. Filovirus Disease Outbreaks: A Chronological Overview. Virology (Auckl) 2019; 10:1178122X19849927. [PMID: 31258326 PMCID: PMC6589952 DOI: 10.1177/1178122x19849927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Filoviruses cause outbreaks which lead to high fatality in humans and non-human primates, thus tagging them as major threats to public health and species conservation. In this review, we give account of index cases responsible for filovirus disease outbreaks that have occurred over the past 52 years in a chronological fashion, by describing the circumstances that led to the outbreaks, and how each of the outbreaks broke out. Since the discovery of Marburg virus and Ebola virus in 1967 and 1976, respectively, more than 40 filovirus disease outbreaks have been reported; majority of which have occurred in Africa. The chronological presentation of this review is to provide a concise overview of filovirus disease outbreaks since the discovery of the viruses, and highlight the patterns in the occurrence of the outbreaks. This review will help researchers to better appreciate the need for surveillance, especially in areas where there have been no filovirus disease outbreaks. We conclude by summarizing some recommendations that have been proposed by health and policy decision makers over the years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvester Languon
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Osbourne Quaye
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Stellenbosch Institute for Advance Study (STIAS), Stellenbosch, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Jiang J, Banglore P, Cashman KA, Schmaljohn CS, Schultheis K, Pugh H, Nguyen J, Humeau LM, Broderick KE, Ramos SJ. Immunogenicity of a protective intradermal DNA vaccine against lassa virus in cynomolgus macaques. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 15:2066-2074. [PMID: 31071008 PMCID: PMC6773375 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1616499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lassa virus (LASV) is a hemorrhagic fever virus of the Arenaviridae family with high rates of mortality and co-morbidities, including chronic seizures and permanent bilateral or unilateral deafness. LASV is endemic in West Africa and Lassa fever accounts for 10-16% of hospitalizations annually in parts of Sierra Leone and Liberia according to the CDC. An ongoing outbreak in Nigeria has resulted in 144 deaths in 568 cases confirmed as LASV as of November 2018, with many more suspected, highlighting the urgent need for a vaccine to prevent this severe disease. We previously reported on a DNA vaccine encoding a codon-optimized LASV glycoprotein precursor gene, pLASV-GPC, which completely protects Guinea pigs and nonhuman primates (NHPs) against viremia, clinical disease, and death following lethal LASV challenge. Herein we report on the immunogenicity profile of the LASV DNA vaccine in protected NHPs. Antigen-specific binding antibodies were generated in 100% (6/6) NHPs after two immunizations with pLASV-GPC. These antibodies bound predominantly to the assembled LASV glycoprotein complex and had robust neutralizing activity in a pseudovirus assay. pLASV-GPC DNA-immunized NHPs (5/6) also developed T cell responses as measured by IFNγ ELISpot assay. These results revealed that the pLASV-GPC DNA vaccine is capable of generating functional, LASV-specific T cell and antibody responses, and the assays developed in this study will provide a framework to identify correlates of protection and characterize immune responses in future clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Jiang
- Research & Development, Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Preeti Banglore
- Research & Development, Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Kathleen A. Cashman
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Connie S. Schmaljohn
- Office of the Chief Scientists, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | | | - Holly Pugh
- Research & Development, Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Jacklyn Nguyen
- Research & Development, Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Laurent M. Humeau
- Research & Development, Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Kate E. Broderick
- Research & Development, Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Stephanie J. Ramos
- Research & Development, Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA,CONTACT Stephanie J. Ramos 10480 Wateridge Circle, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Liu DX, Perry DL, DeWald LE, Cai Y, Hagen KR, Cooper TK, Huzella LM, Hart R, Bonilla A, Bernbaum JG, Janosko KB, Adams R, Johnson RF, Kuhn JH, Schnell MJ, Crozier I, Jahrling PB, de la Torre JC. Persistence of Lassa Virus Associated With Severe Systemic Arteritis in Convalescing Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus). J Infect Dis 2019; 219:1818-1822. [PMID: 30517671 PMCID: PMC6500557 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lassa fever (LF) survivors develop various clinical manifestations including polyserositis, myalgia, epididymitis, and hearing loss weeks to months after recovery from acute infection. We demonstrate a systemic lymphoplasmacytic and histiocytic arteritis and periarteritis in guinea pigs more than 2 months after recovery from acute Lassa virus (LASV) infection. LASV was detected in the arterial tunica media smooth muscle cells by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and transmission electron microscopy. Our results suggest that the sequelae of LASV infection may be due to virus persistence resulting in systemic vascular damage. These findings shed light on the pathogenesis of LASV sequelae in convalescent human survivors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David X Liu
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Donna L Perry
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Lisa Evans DeWald
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Yingyun Cai
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Katie R Hagen
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Timothy K Cooper
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Louis M Huzella
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Randy Hart
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Amanda Bonilla
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - John G Bernbaum
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Krisztina B Janosko
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Ricky Adams
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Reed F Johnson
- Emerging Viral Pathogens Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Jens H Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Matthias J Schnell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ian Crozier
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. Support to: NIAID/IRF, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Peter B Jahrling
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Juan C de la Torre
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| |
Collapse
|