1
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Gaifem J, Rodrigues CS, Petralia F, Alves I, Leite-Gomes E, Cavadas B, Dias AM, Moreira-Barbosa C, Revés J, Laird RM, Novokmet M, Štambuk J, Habazin S, Turhan B, Gümüş ZH, Ungaro R, Torres J, Lauc G, Colombel JF, Porter CK, Pinho SS. A unique serum IgG glycosylation signature predicts development of Crohn's disease and is associated with pathogenic antibodies to mannose glycan. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:1692-1703. [PMID: 39080486 PMCID: PMC11362009 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01916-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic inflammation in the gut. There is growing evidence in Crohn's disease (CD) of the existence of a preclinical period characterized by immunological changes preceding symptom onset that starts years before diagnosis. Gaining insight into this preclinical phase will allow disease prediction and prevention. Analysis of preclinical serum samples, up to 6 years before IBD diagnosis (from the PREDICTS cohort), revealed the identification of a unique glycosylation signature on circulating antibodies (IgGs) characterized by lower galactosylation levels of the IgG fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain that remained stable until disease diagnosis. This specific IgG2 Fc glycan trait correlated with increased levels of antimicrobial antibodies, specifically anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ASCA), pinpointing a glycome-ASCA hub detected in serum that predates by years the development of CD. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that this agalactosylated glycoform of ASCA IgG, detected in the preclinical phase, elicits a proinflammatory immune pathway through the activation and reprogramming of innate immune cells, such as dendritic cells and natural killer cells, via an FcγR-dependent mechanism, triggering NF-κB and CARD9 signaling and leading to inflammasome activation. This proinflammatory role of ASCA was demonstrated to be dependent on mannose glycan recognition and galactosylation levels in the IgG Fc domain. The pathogenic properties of (anti-mannose) ASCA IgG were validated in vivo. Adoptive transfer of antibodies to mannan (ASCA) to recipient wild-type mice resulted in increased susceptibility to intestinal inflammation that was recovered in recipient FcγR-deficient mice. Here we identify a glycosylation signature in circulating IgGs that precedes CD onset and pinpoint a specific glycome-ASCA pathway as a central player in the initiation of inflammation many years before CD diagnosis. This pathogenic glyco-hub may constitute a promising new serum biomarker for CD prediction and a potential target for disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Gaifem
- i3S, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia S Rodrigues
- i3S, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francesca Petralia
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Inês Alves
- i3S, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Leite-Gomes
- i3S, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Cavadas
- i3S, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana M Dias
- i3S, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Joana Revés
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal
| | - Renee M Laird
- Operationally Relevant Infections Department, Naval Medical Research Command, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Jerko Štambuk
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Berk Turhan
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zeynep H Gümüş
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryan Ungaro
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joana Torres
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Ante Kovačića, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jean-Frederic Colombel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chad K Porter
- Translational and Clinical Research Department, Naval Medical Research Command, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Salomé S Pinho
- i3S, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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2
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Jung W, Abdelnour A, Kaplonek P, Herrero R, Shih-Lu Lee J, Barbati DR, Chicz TM, Levine KS, Fantin RC, Loria V, Porras C, Lauffenburger DA, Gail MH, Aparicio A, Hildesheim A, Alter G, McNamara RP. SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to vaccination amplifies Fc-mediated humoral profiles in an age-dependent manner. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114684. [PMID: 39213155 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunity acquired by vaccination following infection, termed hybrid immunity, has been shown to confer enhanced protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by enhancing the breadth and potency of immune responses. Here, we assess Fc-mediated humoral profiles in hybrid immunity and their association with age and vaccine type. Participants are divided into three groups: infection only, vaccination only, and vaccination following infection (i.e., hybrid immunity). Using systems serology, we profile humoral immune responses against spikes and subdomains of SARS-CoV-2 variants. We find that hybrid immunity is characterized by superior Fc receptor binding and natural killer (NK) cell-, neutrophil-, and complement-activating antibodies, which is higher than what can be expected from the sum of the vaccination and infection. These differences between hybrid immunity and vaccine-induced immunity are more pronounced in aged adults, especially for immunoglobulin (Ig)G1, IgG2, and Fcγ receptor-binding antibodies. Our findings suggest that vaccination strategies that aim to mimic hybrid immunity should consider age as an important modifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonyeong Jung
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Paulina Kaplonek
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rolando Herrero
- Agencia Costarricense de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Fundación INCIENSA, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - Domenic R Barbati
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Taras M Chicz
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kate S Levine
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Romain Clement Fantin
- Agencia Costarricense de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Fundación INCIENSA, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Viviana Loria
- Agencia Costarricense de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Fundación INCIENSA, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Carolina Porras
- Agencia Costarricense de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Fundación INCIENSA, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mitchell H Gail
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Amada Aparicio
- Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Allan Hildesheim
- Agencia Costarricense de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Fundación INCIENSA, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Ryan P McNamara
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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3
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Andreeva I, Kolb P, Rodon L, Blank N, Lorenz HM, Merkt W. Fcγ-receptor-IIIA bioactivity of circulating and synovial immune complexes in rheumatoid arthritis. RMD Open 2024; 10:e004190. [PMID: 39209371 PMCID: PMC11367361 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2024-004190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous technical limitations prevented the proof of Fcγ-receptor (FcγR)-activation by soluble immune complexes (sICs) in patients. FcγRIIIa (CD16) is a risk factor in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We aimed at determining the presence of CD16-activating sICs in RA and control diseases. METHODS Sera from an exploratory cohort (n=50 patients with RA) and a validation cohort (n=106 patients with RA, 20 patients with psoriasis arthritis (PsA), 22 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 31 healthy controls) were analysed using a new reporter cell assay. Additionally, 26 synovial fluid samples were analysed, including paired serum/synovial samples. RESULTS For the first time using a reliable and sensitive functional assay, the presence of sICs in RA sera was confirmed. sICs possess an intrinsic capacity to activate CD16 and can be found in both synovial fluid and in blood. In low experimental dilutions, circulating sICs were also detected in a subset of healthy people and in PsA. However, we report a significantly increased frequency of bioactive circulating sICs in RA. While the bioactivity of circulating sICs was low and did not correlate with clinical parameters, synovial sICs were highly bioactive and correlated with serum autoantibody levels. Receiver operator curves indicated that sICs bioactivity in synovial fluid could be used to discriminate immune complex-associated arthritis from non-associated forms. Finally, circulating sICs were more frequently found in SLE than in RA. The degree of CD16 bioactivity showed strong donor-dependent differences, especially in SLE. CONCLUSIONS RA is characterised by the presence of circulating and synovial sICs that can engage and activate CD16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Andreeva
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Internal Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Kolb
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg Medizinische Fakultat, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lea Rodon
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Internal Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Blank
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Internal Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hanns-Martin Lorenz
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Internal Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Merkt
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Internal Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Hiller Forschungszentrum, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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4
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Coënon L, Geindreau M, Ghiringhelli F, Villalba M, Bruchard M. Natural Killer cells at the frontline in the fight against cancer. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:614. [PMID: 39179536 PMCID: PMC11343846 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06976-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells that play a pivotal role as first line defenders in the anti-tumor response. To prevent tumor development, NK cells are searching for abnormal cells within the body and appear to be key players in immunosurveillance. Upon recognition of abnormal cells, NK cells will become activated to destroy them. In order to fulfill their anti-tumoral function, they rely on the secretion of lytic granules, expression of death receptors and production of cytokines. Additionally, NK cells interact with other cells in the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we will first focus on NK cells' activation and cytotoxicity mechanisms as well as NK cells behavior during serial killing. Lastly, we will review NK cells' crosstalk with the other immune cells present in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïs Coënon
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mannon Geindreau
- Equipe TIRECs, Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche INSERM CTM-UMR1231, Dijon, France
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - François Ghiringhelli
- Equipe TIRECs, Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche INSERM CTM-UMR1231, Dijon, France
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Platform of Transfer in Biological Oncology, Georges-François Leclerc Cancer Center, Dijon, France
| | - Martin Villalba
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut du Cancer Avignon-Provence Sainte Catherine, Avignon, France
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Mélanie Bruchard
- Equipe TIRECs, Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche INSERM CTM-UMR1231, Dijon, France.
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
- Platform of Transfer in Biological Oncology, Georges-François Leclerc Cancer Center, Dijon, France.
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5
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Deng M, Du S, Hou H, Xiao J. Structural insights into the high-affinity IgE receptor FcεRI complex. Nature 2024:10.1038/s41586-024-07864-5. [PMID: 39169187 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07864-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) plays a pivotal role in allergic responses1,2. The high-affinity IgE receptor, FcεRI, found on mast cells and basophils, is central to the effector functions of IgE. FcεRI is a tetrameric complex, comprising FcεRIα, FcεRIβ and a homodimer of FcRγ (originally known as FcεRIγ), with FcεRIα recognizing the Fc region of IgE (Fcε) and FcεRIβ-FcRγ facilitating signal transduction3. Additionally, FcRγ is a crucial component of other immunoglobulin receptors, including those for IgG (FcγRI and FcγRIIIA) and IgA (FcαRI)4-8. However, the molecular basis of FcεRI assembly and the structure of FcRγ have remained elusive. Here we elucidate the cryogenic electron microscopy structure of the Fcε-FcεRI complex. FcεRIα has an essential role in the receptor's assembly, interacting with FcεRIβ and both FcRγ subunits. FcεRIβ is structured as a compact four-helix bundle, similar to the B cell antigen CD20. The FcRγ dimer exhibits an asymmetric architecture, and coils with the transmembrane region of FcεRIα to form a three-helix bundle. A cholesterol-like molecule enhances the interaction between FcεRIβ and the FcεRIα-FcRγ complex. Our mutagenesis analyses further indicate similarities between the interaction of FcRγ with FcεRIα and FcγRIIIA, but differences in that with FcαRI. These findings deepen our understanding of the signalling mechanisms of FcεRI and offer insights into the functionality of other immune receptors dependent on FcRγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijie Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Du
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Handi Hou
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Chang CA, Emberley E, D'Souza AL, Zhao W, Cosgrove C, Parrish K, Mitra D, Payson E, Oleksijew A, Ellis P, Rodriguez L, Duggan R, Hrusch C, Lasko L, Assaily W, Zheng P, Liu W, Hernandez A, McCarthy K, Zhang Z, Rha G, Cao Z, Li Y, Perng O, Campbell J, Zhang G, Curran T, Bruncko M, Marvin CC, Hobson A, McPherson M, Uziel T, Pysz MA, Zhao X, Bankovich A, Hayflick J, McDevitt M, Freise KJ, Morgan-Lappe S, Purcell JW. ABBV-319: a CD19-targeting glucocorticoid receptor modulator antibody-drug conjugate therapy for B-cell malignancies. Blood 2024; 144:757-770. [PMID: 38701407 PMCID: PMC11375461 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2024023849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Glucocorticoids are key components of the standard-of-care treatment regimens for B-cell malignancy. However, systemic glucocorticoid treatment is associated with several adverse events. ABBV-319 is a CD19-targeting antibody-drug conjugate engineered to reduce glucocorticoid-associated toxicities while possessing 3 distinct mechanisms of action (MOA) to increase therapeutic efficacy: (1) antibody-mediated delivery of a glucocorticoid receptor modulator (GRM) payload to activate apoptosis, (2) inhibition of CD19 signaling, and (3) enhanced fragment crystallizable (Fc)-mediated effector function via afucosylation of the antibody backbone. ABBV-319 elicited potent GRM-driven antitumor activity against multiple malignant B-cell lines in vitro, as well as in cell line-derived xenografts and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) in vivo. Remarkably, a single dose of ABBV-319 induced sustained tumor regression and enhanced antitumor activity compared with repeated dosing of systemic prednisolone at the maximum tolerated dose in mice. The unconjugated CD19 monoclonal antibody (mAb) also displayed antiproliferative activity in a subset of B-cell lymphoma cell lines through the inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling. Moreover, afucosylation of CD19 mAb enhanced Fc-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Notably, ABBV-319 displayed superior efficacy compared with afucosylated CD19 mAb in human CD34+ peripheral blood mononuclear cell-engrafted NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15) transgenic mice, demonstrating enhanced antitumor activity when multiple MOAs are enabled. ABBV-319 also showed durable antitumor activity across multiple B-cell lymphoma PDX models, including nongerminal center B-cell diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and relapsed lymphoma after R-CHOP treatment. Collectively, these data support the ongoing evaluation of ABBV-319 in a phase 1 clinical trial.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Animals
- Antigens, CD19/immunology
- Mice
- Immunoconjugates/pharmacology
- Immunoconjugates/therapeutic use
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/antagonists & inhibitors
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Mice, SCID
- Female
- Maytansine/analogs & derivatives
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Liu
- AbbVie Bay Area, South San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xi Zhao
- AbbVie Bay Area, South San Francisco, CA
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7
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Lyu X, Zhao L, Chen S, Li Y, Yang Y, Liu H, Yang F, Li W, Sui J. Targeting TNFRSF25 by agonistic antibodies and multimeric TL1A proteins co-stimulated CD8 + T cells and inhibited tumor growth. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008810. [PMID: 39142717 PMCID: PMC11331879 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2024-008810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 25 (TNFRSF25) is a T-cell co-stimulatory receptor. Expression of its ligand, TNF-like cytokine 1A (TL1A), on mouse tumor cells has been shown to promote tumor regression. This study aimed to develop TNFRSF25 agonists (both antibodies (Abs) and TL1A proteins) and to investigate their potential antitumor effects. METHODS Anti-mouse TNFRSF25 (mTNFRSF25) Abs and multimeric TL1A proteins were generated as TNFRSF25 agonists. Their agonism was assessed in luciferase reporter and T-cell co-stimulation assays, and their antitumor effects were evaluated in syngeneic mouse tumor models. TNFRSF25 expression within the tumor microenvironment and the effects of an anti-mTNFRSF25 agonistic Ab on tumor-infiltrating T cells were evaluated by flow cytometry. Cell depletion assays were used to identify the immune cell types that contribute to the antitumor effect of the anti-mTNFRSF25 Ab. The Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) dependence of TNFRSF25 agonists was assessed in an in vivo T-cell expansion model and a mouse tumor model using Fc variants and FcγR-deficient mice. RESULTS TNFRSF25 agonists exhibited antitumor effects in syngeneic mouse tumor models without causing observed side effects. We identified an anti-mTNFRSF25 agonistic Ab, 1A6-m1, which exhibited greater antitumor activity than a higher affinity anti-TNFRSF25 Ab which engages an overlapping epitope with 1A6-m1. 1A6-m1 activated CD8+ T cells and antigen-specific T cells, leading to tumor regression; it also induced long-term antitumor immune memory. Although activating TNFRSF25 by 1A6-m1 expanded splenic regulatory T (Treg) cells, it did not influence intratumoral Treg cells. Moreover, 1A6-m1's antitumor effects required the engagement of both inhibitory FcγRIIB and activating FcγRIII. Replacing 1A6-m1's CH1-hinge region with that of human IgG2 (h2) conferred enhanced antitumor effects. Finally, we also generated multimeric human and mouse TL1A fusion proteins as TNFRSF25 agonists, and they co-stimulated CD8+ T cells and reduced tumor growth, even in the absence of Fc-FcγR interactions. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrates the potential of activating TNFRSF25 by Abs and multimeric TL1A proteins for cancer immunotherapy and provides insights into their development astherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Lyu
- Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sijia Chen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulu Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yajing Yang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huisi Liu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Yang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Sui
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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8
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Bond A, Fiaz S, Rollins K, Nario JEQ, Snyder ET, Atkins DJ, Rosen SJ, Granados A, Dey SS, Wilson MZ, Morrissey MA. Prior Fc receptor activation primes macrophages for increased sensitivity to IgG via long-term and short-term mechanisms. Dev Cell 2024:S1534-5807(24)00457-X. [PMID: 39137774 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages measure the "eat-me" signal immunoglobulin G (IgG) to identify targets for phagocytosis. We tested whether prior encounters with IgG influence macrophage appetite. IgG is recognized by the Fc receptor. To temporally control Fc receptor activation, we engineered an Fc receptor that is activated by the light-induced oligomerization of Cry2, triggering phagocytosis. Using this tool, we demonstrate that subthreshold Fc receptor activation primes mouse bone-marrow-derived macrophages to be more sensitive to IgG in future encounters. Macrophages that have previously experienced subthreshold Fc receptor activation eat more IgG-bound human cancer cells. Increased phagocytosis occurs by two discrete mechanisms-a short- and long-term priming. Long-term priming requires new protein synthesis and Erk activity. Short-term priming does not require new protein synthesis and correlates with an increase in Fc receptor mobility. Our work demonstrates that IgG primes macrophages for increased phagocytosis, suggesting that therapeutic antibodies may become more effective after initial priming doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalise Bond
- Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Sareen Fiaz
- Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Kirstin Rollins
- Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Jazz Elaiza Q Nario
- Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Erika T Snyder
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Dixon J Atkins
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Samuel J Rosen
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Alyssa Granados
- Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Siddharth S Dey
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA; Bioengineering Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Maxwell Z Wilson
- Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Meghan A Morrissey
- Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
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9
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Sumi T, Harada K. Vaccine and antiviral drug promise for preventing post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, and their combination for its treatment. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1329162. [PMID: 39185419 PMCID: PMC11341427 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1329162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Most healthy individuals recover from acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, whereas a remarkable number continues to suffer from unexplained symptoms, known as Long COVID or post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS). It is therefore imperative that methods for preventing and treating the onset of PASC be investigated with the utmost urgency. Methods A mathematical model of the immune response to vaccination and viral infection with SARS-CoV-2, incorporating immune memory cells, was developed. Results and discussion Similar to our previous model, persistent infection was observed by the residual virus in the host, implying the possibility of chronic inflammation and delayed recovery from tissue injury. Pre-infectious vaccination and antiviral medication administered during onset can reduce the acute viral load; however, they show no beneficial effects in preventing persistent infection. Therefore, the impact of these treatments on the PASC, which has been clinically observed, is mainly attributed to their role in preventing severe tissue damage caused by acute viral infections. For PASC patients with persistent infection, vaccination was observed to cause an immediate rapid increase in viral load, followed by a temporary decrease over approximately one year. The former was effectively suppressed by the coadministration of antiviral medications, indicating that this combination is a promising treatment for PASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonari Sumi
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kouji Harada
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan
- Center for IT-Based Education, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan
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10
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Mesonzhnik N, Belushenko A, Novikova P, Kukharenko A, Afonin M. Enhanced N-Glycan Profiling of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies through the Application of Upper-Hinge Middle-Up Level LC-HRMS Analysis. Antibodies (Basel) 2024; 13:66. [PMID: 39189237 PMCID: PMC11348383 DOI: 10.3390/antib13030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are crucial in modern medicine due to their effectiveness in treating various diseases. However, the structural complexity of mAbs, particularly their glycosylation patterns, presents challenges for quality control and biosimilarity assessment. This study explores the use of upper-hinge middle-up (UHMU)-level ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analysis to improve N-glycan profiling of mAbs. Two specific enzymes, known as IgG degradation enzymes (IGDEs), were used to selectively cleave therapeutic mAbs above the hinge region to separate antibody subunits for further Fc glycan analysis by means of the UHMU/LC-HRMS workflow. The complexity of the mass spectra of IGDEs-digested mAbs was significantly reduced compared to the intact MS level, enabling reliable assignment and relative quantitation of paired Fc glycoforms. The results of the UHMU/LC-HRMS analysis of nine approved therapeutics highlight the significance of this approach for in-depth glycoform profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Mesonzhnik
- Resource Centre of Analytical Methods, Laboratory Complex, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Ave. 1, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (P.N.); (M.A.)
| | - Anton Belushenko
- Federal Hygienic and Epidemiological Center of Rospotrebnadzor, Varshavskoe Highway 19a, 117105 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Polina Novikova
- Resource Centre of Analytical Methods, Laboratory Complex, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Ave. 1, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (P.N.); (M.A.)
| | - Alexey Kukharenko
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolomic Analysis, Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical University, 8/2 Trubetskaya, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Afonin
- Resource Centre of Analytical Methods, Laboratory Complex, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Ave. 1, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (P.N.); (M.A.)
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11
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Mohammad Taheri M, Javan F, Poudineh M, Athari SS. Beyond CAR-T: The rise of CAR-NK cell therapy in asthma immunotherapy. J Transl Med 2024; 22:736. [PMID: 39103889 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05534-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Asthma poses a major public health burden. While existing asthma drugs manage symptoms for many, some patients remain resistant. The lack of a cure, especially for severe asthma, compels exploration of novel therapies. Cancer immunotherapy successes with CAR-T cells suggest its potential for asthma treatment. Researchers are exploring various approaches for allergic diseases including membrane-bound IgE, IL-5, PD-L2, and CTLA-4 for asthma, and Dectin-1 for fungal asthma. NK cells offer several advantages over T cells for CAR-based immunotherapy. They offer key benefits: (1) HLA compatibility, meaning they can be used in a wider range of patients without the need for matching tissue types. (2) Minimal side effects (CRS and GVHD) due to their limited persistence and cytokine profile. (3) Scalability for "off-the-shelf" production from various sources. Several strategies have been introduced that highlight the superiority and challenges of CAR-NK cell therapy for asthma treatment including IL-10, IFN-γ, ADCC, perforin-granzyme, FASL, KIR, NCRs (NKP46), DAP, DNAM-1, TGF-β, TNF-α, CCL, NKG2A, TF, and EGFR. Furthermore, we advocate for incorporating AI for CAR design optimization and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology for precise gene manipulation to generate highly effective CAR constructs. This review will delve into the evolution and production of CAR designs, explore pre-clinical and clinical studies of CAR-based therapies in asthma, analyze strategies to optimize CAR-NK cell function, conduct a comparative analysis of CAR-T and CAR-NK cell therapy with their respective challenges, and finally present established novel CAR designs with promising potential for asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Javan
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Poudineh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Seyed Shamseddin Athari
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, Zanjan School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 12th Street, Shahrake Karmandan, Zanjan, 45139-561111, Iran.
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12
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Kapoor M, Khoo A, Lunn MPT, Reddel S, Carr AS. Immunoglobulin use in neurology: a practical approach. Pract Neurol 2024:pn-2022-003655. [PMID: 39097408 DOI: 10.1136/pn-2022-003655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Human immunoglobulin, delivered either intravenously (IVIg) or subcutaneously, is used to treat a range of immune-mediated neurological disorders. It has a role in acute or subacute inflammatory disease control and as a maintenance therapy in chronic disease management. This review considers mechanisms of IVIg action and the evidence for IVIg in neurological conditions. We use Guillain-Barré syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) as frameworks to demonstrate an approach to IVIg use in acute and chronic dysimmune neurological conditions across two different healthcare systems: the UK and Australia. We highlight the benefits and limitations of IVIg and focus on practical considerations such as informed consent, managing risks and adverse effects, optimal dosing and monitoring response. We use these basic clinical practice principles to discuss the judicious use of an expensive and scarce blood product with international relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahima Kapoor
- Neuroscience / FMNHS / School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony Khoo
- Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael P T Lunn
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen Reddel
- ANZAC Research Institute, Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aisling S Carr
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
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13
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Liu YT, Wu HL, Su YD, Wang Y, Li Y. Development in the Study of Natural Killer Cells for Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma Treatment. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2024. [PMID: 39093850 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2024.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPeM) is a rare primary malignant tumor originating from peritoneal mesothelial cells. Insufficient specificity of the symptoms and their frequent reappearance following surgery make it challenging to diagnose, creating a need for more efficient treatment options. Natural killer cells (NK cells) are part of the innate immune system and are classified as lymphoid cells. Under the regulation of activating and inhibiting receptors, NK cells secrete various cytokines to exert cytotoxic effects and participate in antiforeign body, antiviral, and antitumor activities. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the specific alterations observed in NK cells following MPeM treatment, including changes in cell number, subpopulation distribution, active receptors, and cytotoxicity. In addition, we summarize the impact of various therapeutic interventions, such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy, on NK cell function post-MPeM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Tong Liu
- Department of Peritoneal Cancer Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - He-Liang Wu
- Department of Peritoneal Cancer Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Dong Su
- Department of Peritoneal Cancer Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Peritoneal Cancer Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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14
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Abdoollah Z, Marrero Roche DE, Pavan CH, Moore E, Chandler KB. Site-Specific Glycosylation Analysis of Human and Murine Fcγ Receptor II Family Members Reveals Variant-Specific N-Glycosylation. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:3469-3483. [PMID: 39007905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Fcγ-receptors (FcγRs) including FcγRII (CD32) gene family members are expressed on leukocytes, bind the crystallizable fragment (Fc) region of immunoglobulin G (IgG), and bridge humoral and cellular immunity. FcγRIIA and FcγRIIB have opposing roles, with the former responsible for activation and the latter for inhibition of immune cell signaling and effector functions. The extracellular domains of human and murine FcγRIIs share multiple conserved N-glycosylation sites. Understanding the role(s) of FcγRIIA and FcγRIIB glycosylation in autoimmune diseases is precluded by a lack of effective methods to study disease-associated changes in glycosylation. To address this barrier, we developed a method to assess site-specific glycosylation of human FcγRIIA and FcγRIIB, and the mouse ortholog of human FcγRIIB. Among the receptors, conserved glycosylation sites are compared, with the N144/145 site displaying predominantly complex glycans in recombinant FcγRIIs. Differences in sialylation between recombinant human FcγRIIA H/R134 (H/R131) variants at a nearby N145 N-glycosylation site are reported. Further, a potential human FcγRIIA O-glycosylation site, S179 (S212), is reported in recombinant FcγRIIA. The robust method to assess site-specific glycosylation of FcγRIIs reported here, can be utilized to study the potential role of FcγRII family glycosylation in disease. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD049429.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaraah Abdoollah
- Translational Glycobiology Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Daniel E Marrero Roche
- Translational Glycobiology Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Carlos H Pavan
- Translational Glycobiology Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Erika Moore
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Kevin Brown Chandler
- Translational Glycobiology Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, 11200 SW Eighth St., Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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15
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Shi Y, Sun Y, Seki A, Rutz S, Koerber JT, Wang J. A real-time antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis assay by live cell imaging. J Immunol Methods 2024; 531:113715. [PMID: 38936465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2024.113715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) is a cellular process by which antibody-opsonized targets (pathogens or cells) activate the Fc receptors on the surface of phagocytes to induce phagocytosis, resulting in internalization and degradation of pathogens or target cells through phagosome acidification. Besides NK cells-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), tumor-infiltrated monocytes and macrophages can directly kill tumor cells in the presence of tumor antigen-specific antibodies through ADCP, representing another attractive strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Even though several methods have been developed to measure ADCP, an automated and high-throughput quantitative assay should offer highly desirable advantages for drug discovery. In this study we established a new ADCP assay to identify therapeutical monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that facilitate macrophages phagocytosis of live target cells. We used Incucyte, an imaging system for live cell analysis. By labeling the live target cells with a pH sensitive dye (pHrodo), we successfully monitored the ADCP in real time. We demonstrated that our image-based assay is robust and quantitative, suitable for screening and characterization of therapeutical mAbs that directly kill target cells through ADCP. Furthermore, we found different subtypes of macrophages have distinct ADCP activities using both mouse and human primary macrophages differentiated in vitro. By studying various mAbs with mutations in their Fc regions using our assay, we showed that the variants with increased binding to Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) have enhanced ADCP activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchang Shi
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Yonglian Sun
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Akiko Seki
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sascha Rutz
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - James T Koerber
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jianyong Wang
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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16
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Ho CH, Chang TT, Lin HC, Wang SF. Agalactosyl IgG induces liver fibrogenesis via Fc gamma receptor 3a on human hepatic stellate cells. J Pathol 2024; 263:508-519. [PMID: 38886892 DOI: 10.1002/path.6303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The relevance of aberrant serum IgG N-glycosylation in liver fibrosis has been identified; however, its causal effect remains unclear. Because hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) contribute substantially to liver fibrosis, we investigated whether and through which mechanisms IgG N-glycosylation affects the fibrogenic properties of HSCs. Analysis of serum IgG1 N-glycome from 151 patients with chronic hepatitis B or liver cirrhosis revealed a positive correlation between Ishak fibrosis grading and IgG1 with agalactosyl N-glycoforms on the crystallizable fragment (Fc). Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) IIIa was observed in cultured human HSCs and HSCs in human liver tissues, and levels of FcγRIIIa in HSCs correlated with the severity of liver fibrosis. Additionally, agalactosyl IgG treatment caused HSCs to have a fibroblast-like morphology, enhanced migration and invasion capabilities, and enhanced expression of the FcγRIIIa downstream tyrosine-protein kinase SYK. Furthermore, agalactosyl IgG treatment increased fibrogenic factors in HSCs, including transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, total collagen, platelet-derived growth factor subunit B and its receptors, pro-collagen I-α1, α-smooth muscle actin, and matrix metalloproteinase 9. These effects were more pronounced in HSCs that stably expressed FCGR3A and were reduced in FCGR3A knockout cells. Agalactosyl IgG and TGF-β1 each increased FCGR3A in HSCs. Furthermore, serum TGF-β1 concentrations in patients were positively correlated with agalactosyl IgG1 levels and liver fibrosis severity, indicating a positive feedback loop involving agalactosyl IgG, HSC-FcγRIIIa, and TGF-β1. In conclusion, agalactosyl IgG promotes fibrogenic characteristics in HSCs through FcγRIIIa. © 2024 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsun Ho
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Tsung Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Chang Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fan Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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17
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Ogbue O, Kewan T, Bravo-Perez C, Unlu S, Kawashima N, Williams ND, Ahmed A, Guarnera L, Gurnari C, Visconte V, Maciejewski JP. Hemolytic versus malproductive anemia in large granular lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia 2024; 38:1839-1842. [PMID: 38982262 PMCID: PMC11286512 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-024-02323-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Olisaemeka Ogbue
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Tariq Kewan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Yale university, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carlos Bravo-Perez
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, University of Murcia, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, CIBERER - Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Murcia, Spain
| | - Serhan Unlu
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Naomi Kawashima
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nakisha D Williams
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Arooj Ahmed
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Luca Guarnera
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmelo Gurnari
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Visconte
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jaroslaw P Maciejewski
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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18
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Li Y, Wu J. CD177 is a novel IgG Fc receptor and CD177 genetic variants affect IgG-mediated function. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1418539. [PMID: 39131159 PMCID: PMC11316256 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1418539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
CD177 plays an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of myeloid lineage cells including neutrophils, myelocytes, promyelocytes, megakaryocytes, and early erythroblasts in bone marrow. CD177 deficiency is a common phenotype in humans. Our previous studies revealed genetic mechanisms of human CD177 deficiency and expression variations. Up to now, immune functions of CD177 remain undefined. In the current study, we revealed human IgG as a ligand for CD177 by using flow cytometry, bead-rosette formation, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assays. In addition, we show that CD177 variants affect the binding capacity of CD177 for human IgG. Furthermore, we show that the CD177 genetic variants significantly affect antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) function. The demonstration of CD177 as a functional IgG Fc-receptor may provide new insights into CD177 immune function and genetic mechanism underlying CD177 as biomarkers for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfang Li
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Jianming Wu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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19
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Yan Y, Xing T, Huang X, Peng W, Wang S, Li N. Affinity-Resolved Size Exclusion Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry: A Novel Tool to Study the Attribute-and-Function Relationship in Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies. Anal Chem 2024; 96:11716-11724. [PMID: 38986034 PMCID: PMC11270518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Assessment of critical quality attributes (CQAs) is an important aspect during the development of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Attributes that affect either the target binding or Fc receptor engagement may have direct impacts on the drug safety and efficacy and thus are considered as CQAs. Native size exclusion chromatography (SEC)-based competitive binding assay has recently been reported and demonstrated significant benefits compared to conventional approaches for CQA identification, owing to its faster turn-around and higher multiplexity. Expanding on the similar concept, we report the development of a novel affinity-resolved size exclusion chromatography-mass spectrometry (AR-SEC-MS) method for rapid CQA evaluation in therapeutic mAbs. This method features wide applicability, fast turn-around, high multiplexity, and easy implementation. Using the well-studied Fc gamma receptor III-A (FcγRIIIa) and Fc interaction as a model system, the effectiveness of this method in studying the attribute-and-function relationship was demonstrated. Further, two case studies were detailed to showcase the application of this method in assessing CQAs related to antibody target binding, which included unusual N-linked glycosylation in a bispecific antibody and Met oxidation in a monospecific antibody, both occurring within the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuetian Yan
- Analytical Chemistry, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707, United States
| | - Tao Xing
- Analytical Chemistry, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707, United States
| | - Xiaoxiao Huang
- Analytical Chemistry, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707, United States
| | - Wenjing Peng
- Analytical Chemistry, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707, United States
| | - Shunhai Wang
- Analytical Chemistry, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707, United States
| | - Ning Li
- Analytical Chemistry, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707, United States
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20
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Nguyen NTT, Müller R, Briukhovetska D, Weber J, Feucht J, Künkele A, Hudecek M, Kobold S. The Spectrum of CAR Cellular Effectors: Modes of Action in Anti-Tumor Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2608. [PMID: 39061247 PMCID: PMC11274444 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16142608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor-T cells have spearheaded the field of adoptive cell therapy and have shown remarkable results in treating hematological neoplasia. Because of the different biology of solid tumors compared to hematological tumors, response rates of CAR-T cells could not be transferred to solid entities yet. CAR engineering has added co-stimulatory domains, transgenic cytokines and switch receptors to improve performance and persistence in a hostile tumor microenvironment, but because of the inherent cell type limitations of CAR-T cells, including HLA incompatibility, toxicities (cytokine release syndrome, neurotoxicity) and high costs due to the logistically challenging preparation process for autologous cells, the use of alternative immune cells is gaining traction. NK cells and γδ T cells that do not need HLA compatibility or macrophages and dendritic cells with additional properties such as phagocytosis or antigen presentation are increasingly seen as cellular vehicles with potential for application. As these cells possess distinct properties, clinicians and researchers need a thorough understanding of their peculiarities and commonalities. This review will compare these different cell types and their specific modes of action seen upon CAR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Thien Thu Nguyen
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (N.T.T.N.); (R.M.); (D.B.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, a Partnership between the DKFZ Heidelberg and the University Hospital of the LMU, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Rasmus Müller
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (N.T.T.N.); (R.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Daria Briukhovetska
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (N.T.T.N.); (R.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Justus Weber
- Department of Medicine II, Chair in Cellular Immunotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (J.W.); (M.H.)
| | - Judith Feucht
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany;
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Tuebingen, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Annette Künkele
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Hudecek
- Department of Medicine II, Chair in Cellular Immunotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (J.W.); (M.H.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Cellular Immunotherapy Branch Site Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kobold
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (N.T.T.N.); (R.M.); (D.B.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, a Partnership between the DKFZ Heidelberg and the University Hospital of the LMU, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Einheit für Klinische Pharmakologie (EKLiP), Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
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21
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Ng TW, Furuyama W, Wirchnianski AS, Saavedra-Ávila NA, Johndrow CT, Chandran K, Jacobs WR, Marzi A, Porcelli SA. A viral vaccine design harnessing prior BCG immunization confers protection against Ebola virus. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1429909. [PMID: 39081315 PMCID: PMC11286471 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1429909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy and feasibility of an anti-viral vaccine strategy that takes advantage of pre-existing CD4+ helper T (Th) cells induced by Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination. This strategy uses immunization with recombinant fusion proteins comprised of a cell surface expressed viral antigen, such as a viral envelope glycoprotein, engineered to contain well-defined BCG Th cell epitopes, thus rapidly recruiting Th cells induced by prior BCG vaccination to provide intrastructural help to virus-specific B cells. In the current study, we show that Th cells induced by BCG were localized predominantly outside of germinal centers and promoted antibody class switching to isotypes characterized by strong Fc receptor interactions and effector functions. Furthermore, BCG vaccination also upregulated FcγR expression to potentially maximize antibody-dependent effector activities. Using a mouse model of Ebola virus (EBOV) infection, this vaccine strategy provided sustained antibody levels with strong IgG2c bias and protection against lethal challenge. This general approach can be easily adapted to other viruses, and may be a rapid and effective method of immunization against emerging pandemics in populations that routinely receive BCG vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony W. Ng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Wakako Furuyama
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Hamilton, MT, United States
| | - Ariel S. Wirchnianski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Noemí A. Saavedra-Ávila
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Christopher T. Johndrow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - William R. Jacobs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Andrea Marzi
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Hamilton, MT, United States
| | - Steven A. Porcelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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22
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Bootz A, Reuter N, Nimmerjahn F, Britt WJ, Mach M, Winkler TH. Functional Fc receptors are crucial in antibody-mediated protection against cytomegalovirus. Eur J Immunol 2024:e2451044. [PMID: 39014923 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202451044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus is a medically important pathogen. Previously, using murine CMV (MCMV), we provided evidence that both neutralizing and nonneutralizing antibodies can confer protection from viral infection in vivo. In this study, we report that serum derived from infected animals had a greater protective capacity in MCMV-infected RAG-/- mice than serum from animals immunized with purified virus. The protective activity of immune serum was strictly dependent on functional Fcγ receptors (FcγR). Deletion of individual FcγRs or combined deletion of FcγRI and FcγRIV had little impact on the protection afforded by serum. Adoptive transfer of CD115-positive cells from noninfected donors demonstrated that monocytes represent important cellular mediators of the protective activity provided by immune serum. Our studies suggest that Fc-FcγR interactions and monocytic cells are critical for antibody-mediated protection against MCMV infection in vivo. These findings may provide new avenues for the development of novel strategies for more effective CMV vaccines or antiviral immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bootz
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nina Reuter
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Division of Genetics, Department Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - William J Britt
- Departments of Pediatrics, Microbiology and Neurobiology, Children's Hospital of Alabama, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Michael Mach
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas H Winkler
- Division of Genetics, Department Biology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center of Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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23
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Shi Z, Zhou L, Wang X, Zhang Z, Kong L, Zhang Y. Immunogenic profiling of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv1513 reveals its ability to switch on Th1 based immunity. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:352. [PMID: 39012499 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04033-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the infectious diseases caused by the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis that continuously threatens the global human health. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is the only vaccine that has been used clinically to prevent tuberculosis in recent centuries, but its limitations in preventing latent infection and reactivation of tuberculosis do not provide full protection. In this study, we selected the membrane-associated antigen Rv1513 of Mycobacterium. In order to achieve stable expression and function of the target gene, the prokaryotic expression recombinant vector pET30b-Rv1513 was constructed and expressed and purified its protein. Detection of IFN- γ levels in the peripheral blood of TB patients stimulated by whole blood interferon release assay (WBIA) and multi-microsphere flow immunofluorescence luminescence (MFCIA) revealed that the induced production of cytokines, such as IFN-γ and IL-6, was significantly higher than that in the healthy group. Rv1513 combined with adjuvant DMT (adjuvant system liposomes containing dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA), monophospholipid A (MPL), and trehalose-660-dibenzoic acid (TDB)) was used to detect serum specific antibodies, cytokine secretion from splenic suprasplenic cell supernatants, and multifunctional T-cell levels in splenocytes in immunised mice. The levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 secreted by mouse splenocytes were found in the Rv1513+DMT group and the BCG+Rv1513+DMT group. The serum levels of IgG and its subclasses and the number of IFN-γ+T cells, TNF-α+T and IFN-γ+TNF-α+T cells in the induced CD4+/CD8+T cells in mice were significantly higher than those in the BCG group, and the highest levels were found in the BCG+Rv1513+DMT group. These findings suggest that Rv1513/DMT may serve as a potential subunit vaccine candidate that may be effective as a booster vaccine after the first BCG vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilun Shi
- Department of Cancer, Hospital of Huainan Eastern Hospital Group, Huainan, 232035, China
| | - Lili Zhou
- Department of Cancer, Hospital of Huainan Eastern Hospital Group, Huainan, 232035, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China.
| | - Zian Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - LingYun Kong
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Yanpeng Zhang
- Department of Cosmetology, College of Medicine, Huainan Union University, Huainan, 232001, China
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24
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Freitas Monteiro M, Papaserafeim M, Andreani M, Réal A, Kouklas A, Reis Galvão D, Seebach JD, Puga Yung GL. NK Cytotoxicity Mediated by NK-92 Cell Lines Expressing Combinations of Two Allelic Variants for FCGR3. Antibodies (Basel) 2024; 13:55. [PMID: 39051331 PMCID: PMC11270249 DOI: 10.3390/antib13030055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in the surveillance of viral infections and cancer. NK cell antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and direct cytotoxicity are mediated by the recognition of antibody-coated target cells through the Fc gamma receptor IIIA (FcγRIIIa/CD16) and by ligands of activating/inhibitory NK receptors, respectively. Allelic variants of the FCGR3A gene include the high-affinity single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs396991 (V176F), which is associated with the efficacy of monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies, and the SNP rs10127939 (L66H/R). The contribution of FCGR3A SNPs to NK cell effector functions remains controversial; therefore, we generated a panel of eight NK-92 cell lines expressing specific combinations of these SNPs and tested their cytotoxicities. NK-92 cells were stably transfected with plasmids containing different combinations of FCGR3A SNPs. Messenger RNA and FcγRIIIa/CD16 cell surface expressions were detected using new generation sequencing (NGS) and flow cytometry, respectively. All FcγRIIIa/CD16-transfected NK-92 cell lines exhibited robust ADCC against three different target cell lines with minor differences. In addition, enhanced direct NK cytotoxicity against K562 target cells was observed, suggesting a mechanistic role of FcγRIIIa/CD16 in direct NK cytotoxicity. In conclusion, we generated eight FcγRIIIa/CD16-transfected NK-92 cell lines carrying different combinations of two of the most studied FCGR3A SNPs, representing the major genotypes described in the European population. The functional characterization of these cell lines revealed differences in ADCC and direct NK cytotoxicity that may have implications for the design of adoptive cancer immunotherapies using NK cells and tumor antigen-directed mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jörg D. Seebach
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Allergology, University Hospitals Geneva, Medical Faculty, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gisella L. Puga Yung
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Allergology, University Hospitals Geneva, Medical Faculty, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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25
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Jackson ML, Bond AR, Ascione R, Johnson JL, George SJ. FGL2/FcγRIIB Signalling Mediates Arterial Shear Stress-Mediated Endothelial Cell Apoptosis: Implications for Coronary Artery Bypass Vein Graft Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7638. [PMID: 39062880 PMCID: PMC11277082 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The sudden exposure of venous endothelial cells (vECs) to arterial fluid shear stress (FSS) is thought to be a major contributor to coronary artery bypass vein graft failure (VGF). However, the effects of arterial FSS on the vEC secretome are poorly characterised. We propose that analysis of the vEC secretome may reveal potential therapeutic approaches to suppress VGF. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) pre-conditioned to venous FSS (18 h; 1.5 dynes/cm2) were exposed to venous or arterial FSS (15 dynes/cm2) for 24 h. Tandem Mass Tagging proteomic analysis of the vEC secretome identified significantly increased fibroleukin (FGL2) in conditioned media from HUVECs exposed to arterial FSS. This increase was validated by Western blotting. Application of the NFκB inhibitor BAY 11-7085 (1 µM) following pre-conditioning reduced FGL2 release from vECs exposed to arterial FSS. Exposure of vECs to arterial FSS increased apoptosis, measured by active cleaved caspase-3 (CC3) immunocytochemistry, which was likewise elevated in HUVECs treated with recombinant FGL2 (20 ng/mL) for 24 h under static conditions. To determine the mechanism of FGL2-induced apoptosis, HUVECs were pre-treated with a blocking antibody to FcγRIIB, a receptor FGL2 is proposed to interact with, which reduced CC3 levels. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the exposure of vECs to arterial FSS results in increased release of FGL2 via NFκB signalling, which promotes endothelial apoptosis via FcγRIIB signalling. Therefore, the inhibition of FGL2/FcγRIIB signalling may provide a novel approach to reduce arterial FSS-induced vEC apoptosis in vein grafts and suppress VGF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sarah J. George
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK; (M.L.J.); (A.R.B.); (R.A.); (J.L.J.)
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26
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Cyster JG, Wilson PC. Antibody modulation of B cell responses-Incorporating positive and negative feedback. Immunity 2024; 57:1466-1481. [PMID: 38986442 PMCID: PMC11257158 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Antibodies are powerful modulators of ongoing and future B cell responses. While the concept of antibody feedback has been appreciated for over a century, the topic has seen a surge in interest due to the evidence that the broadening of antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 after a third mRNA vaccination is a consequence of antibody feedback. Moreover, the discovery that slow antigen delivery can lead to more robust humoral immunity has put a spotlight on the capacity for early antibodies to augment B cell responses. Here, we review the mechanisms whereby antibody feedback shapes B cell responses, integrating findings in humans and in mouse models. We consider the major influence of epitope masking and the diverse actions of complement and Fc receptors and provide a framework for conceptualizing the ways antigen-specific antibodies may influence B cell responses to any form of antigen, in conditions as diverse as infectious disease, autoimmunity, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason G Cyster
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Patrick C Wilson
- Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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27
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Miles JR, Lu P, Bai S, Aguillón-Durán GP, Rodríguez-Herrera JE, Gunn BM, Restrepo BI, Lu LL. Antigen specificity shapes antibody functions in tuberculosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.03.597169. [PMID: 38895452 PMCID: PMC11185737 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.03.597169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the number one infectious disease cause of death worldwide due to an incomplete understanding of immunity. Emerging data highlight antibody functions mediated by the Fc domain as immune correlates. However, the mechanisms by which antibody functions impact the causative agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) are unclear. Here, we examine how antigen specificity determined by the Fab domain shapes Fc effector functions against Mtb. Using the critical structural and secreted virulence proteins Mtb cell wall and ESAT-6 & CFP-10, we observe that antigen specificity alters subclass, antibody post-translational glycosylation, and Fc effector functions in TB patients. Moreover, Mtb cell wall IgG3 enhances disease through opsonophagocytosis of extracellular Mtb . In contrast, polyclonal and a human monoclonal IgG1 we generated targeting ESAT-6 & CFP-10 inhibit intracellular Mtb . These data show that antibodies have multiple roles in TB and antigen specificity is a critical determinant of the protective and pathogenic capacity.
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28
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Xiao L, Zhang L, Guo C, Xin Q, Gu X, Jiang C, Wu J. "Find Me" and "Eat Me" signals: tools to drive phagocytic processes for modulating antitumor immunity. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2024; 44:791-832. [PMID: 38923737 PMCID: PMC11260773 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis, a vital defense mechanism, involves the recognition and elimination of foreign substances by cells. Phagocytes, such as neutrophils and macrophages, rapidly respond to invaders; macrophages are especially important in later stages of the immune response. They detect "find me" signals to locate apoptotic cells and migrate toward them. Apoptotic cells then send "eat me" signals that are recognized by phagocytes via specific receptors. "Find me" and "eat me" signals can be strategically harnessed to modulate antitumor immunity in support of cancer therapy. These signals, such as calreticulin and phosphatidylserine, mediate potent pro-phagocytic effects, thereby promoting the engulfment of dying cells or their remnants by macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells and inducing tumor cell death. This review summarizes the phagocytic "find me" and "eat me" signals, including their concepts, signaling mechanisms, involved ligands, and functions. Furthermore, we delineate the relationships between "find me" and "eat me" signaling molecules and tumors, especially the roles of these molecules in tumor initiation, progression, diagnosis, and patient prognosis. The interplay of these signals with tumor biology is elucidated, and specific approaches to modulate "find me" and "eat me" signals and enhance antitumor immunity are explored. Additionally, novel therapeutic strategies that combine "find me" and "eat me" signals to better bridge innate and adaptive immunity in the treatment of cancer patients are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuP. R. China
| | - Louqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuP. R. China
| | - Ciliang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuP. R. China
| | - Qilei Xin
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryJinanShandongP. R. China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuP. R. China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryJinanShandongP. R. China
| | - Chunping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuP. R. China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryJinanShandongP. R. China
| | - Junhua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuP. R. China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryJinanShandongP. R. China
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29
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Teng M, Wang J, Su X, Hu J, Tian Y, Zhang Y, Li M. Associations between immune cells signatures and osteoarthritis: An integrated analysis of bidirectional Mendelian randomization and Bayesian colocalization. Cytokine 2024; 179:156633. [PMID: 38733947 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous investigations have explored the associations between immune cell signatures and osteoarthritis (OA); however, causality remains unclear. This study employs an integrated analysis, combining bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) and Bayesian colocalization (Coloc), to investigate causal relationships between 731 immune cells signatures and OA, identifying shared causal variants. METHODS Utilizing publicly available summary data, this study primarily employs inverse variance weighting (IVW). Supplementary methods include MR-Egger regression, weighted median, weight mode, and simple mode. Various sensitivity tests, including Cochran's Q test, MR pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier, and leave-one-out tests, were conducted to assess the robustness of the analysis results. Coloc was employed to identify shared causal genetic variants among potential associations. RESULTS IVW analysis revealed 196 immune cell signatures potentially linked to OA across diverse subtypes. Reverse MR analyses indicated the causal impact of OA on the levels of 140 immune cell signatures, with subtype-specific variations. Notably, several specific associations, including CD64 on CD14-CD16 + monocyte for Hip OA (OR = 1.0593, 95 % CI: 1.0260-1.0938, P = 0.0004), HLA-DR on CD14 + CD16- monocyte (OR = 0.9664, 95 % CI: 0.9497-0.9834, P = 0.0001), HLA-DR on CD14 + monocyte (OR = 0.9680, 95 % CI: 0.9509-0.9853, P = 0.0003) in the Knee or Hip OA, PDL-1 on CD14-CD16 + monocyte by All OA (OR = 1.7091, 95 %CI:1.2494-2.3378, P = 0.0008), and herpesvirus entry mediator on effector memory CD4 + T cell by Spine OA (OR = 0.5200, 95 %CI:0.3577-0.7561, P = 0.0006) remained significant post-Bonferroni correction. Sensitivity tests validated the credibility of the IVW analysis. Additionally, Coloc revealed several potential associations among shared genetic variants, including rs115328872, rs1800973, and rs317667. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence for the potential involvement of immune cell signatures in OA development, revealing avenues for early prevention and innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghao Teng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiachen Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaochen Su
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiale Hu
- Department of Implant Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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30
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Fenis A, Demaria O, Gauthier L, Vivier E, Narni-Mancinelli E. New immune cell engagers for cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:471-486. [PMID: 38273127 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00982-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
There have been major advances in the immunotherapy of cancer in recent years, including the development of T cell engagers - antibodies engineered to redirect T cells to recognize and kill cancer cells - for the treatment of haematological malignancies. However, the field still faces several challenges to develop agents that are consistently effective in a majority of patients and cancer types, such as optimizing drug dose, overcoming treatment resistance and improving efficacy in solid tumours. A new generation of T cell-targeted molecules was developed to tackle these issues that are potentially more effective and safer. In addition, agents designed to engage the antitumour activities of other immune cells, including natural killer cells and myeloid cells, are showing promise and have the potential to treat a broader range of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Fenis
- Innate Pharma Research Laboratories, Innate Pharma, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Demaria
- Innate Pharma Research Laboratories, Innate Pharma, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Gauthier
- Innate Pharma Research Laboratories, Innate Pharma, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Vivier
- Innate Pharma Research Laboratories, Innate Pharma, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille Immunopôle, Marseille, France
| | - Emilie Narni-Mancinelli
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France.
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31
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Wang Z, Kang M, Ebrahimpour A, Chen C, Ge X. Fc engineering by monoclonal mammalian cell display for improved affinity and selectivity towards FcγRs. Antib Ther 2024; 7:209-220. [PMID: 39036072 PMCID: PMC11259757 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbae017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Fc optimization can significantly enhance therapeutic efficacy of monoclonal antibodies. However, existing Fc engineering approaches are sub-optimal with noted limitations, such as inappropriate glycosylation, polyclonal libraries, and utilizing fragment but not full-length IgG display. Applying cell cycle arrested recombinase-mediated cassette exchange, this study constructed high-quality monoclonal Fc libraries in CHO cells, displayed full-length IgG on cell surface, and preformed ratiometric fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) with the antigen and individual FcγRs. Identified Fc variants were quantitatively evaluated by flow cytometry, ELISA, kinetic and steady-state binding affinity measurements, and cytotoxicity assays. An error-prone Fc library focusing on the hinge-CH2 region was constructed in CHO cells with a functional diversity of 7.5 × 106. Panels of novel Fc variants with enhanced affinity and selectivity for FcγRs were isolated. Particularly, clone 2a-10 (G236E/K288R/K290W/K320M) showed increased binding strength towards FcγRIIa-131R and 131H allotypes with kinetic dissociation constants (KD-K) of 140 nM and 220 nM, respectively, while reduced binding strength towards FcγRIIb compared to WT Fc; clone 2b-1 (K222I/V302E/L328F/K334E) had KD-K of 180 nM towards FcγRIIb; clone 3a-2 (P247L/K248E/K334I) exhibited KD-K of 190 nM and 100 nM towards FcγRIIIa-176F and 176 V allotypes, respectively, and improved potency of 2.0 ng/ml in ADCC assays. Key mutation hotspots were identified, including P247 for FcγRIIIa, K290 for FcγRIIa, and K334 for FcγRIIb bindings. Discovery of Fc variants with enhanced affinity and selectivity towards individual FcγR and the identification of novel mutation hotspots provide valuable insights for further Fc optimization and serve as a foundation for advancing antibody therapeutics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zening Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave, Reverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Minhyo Kang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave, Reverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Afshin Ebrahimpour
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Chuan Chen
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave, Reverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Xin Ge
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave, Reverside, CA 92521, United States
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L’Estrange-Stranieri E, Gottschalk TA, Wright MD, Hibbs ML. The dualistic role of Lyn tyrosine kinase in immune cell signaling: implications for systemic lupus erythematosus. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1395427. [PMID: 39007135 PMCID: PMC11239442 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1395427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, lupus) is a debilitating, multisystem autoimmune disease that can affect any organ in the body. The disease is characterized by circulating autoantibodies that accumulate in organs and tissues, which triggers an inflammatory response that can cause permanent damage leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Lyn, a member of the Src family of non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases, is highly implicated in SLE as remarkably both mice lacking Lyn or expressing a gain-of-function mutation in Lyn develop spontaneous lupus-like disease due to altered signaling in B lymphocytes and myeloid cells, suggesting its expression or activation state plays a critical role in maintaining tolerance. The past 30 years of research has begun to elucidate the role of Lyn in a duplicitous signaling network of activating and inhibitory immunoreceptors and related targets, including interactions with the interferon regulatory factor family in the toll-like receptor pathway. Gain-of-function mutations in Lyn have now been identified in human cases and like mouse models, cause severe systemic autoinflammation. Studies of Lyn in SLE patients have presented mixed findings, which may reflect the heterogeneity of disease processes in SLE, with impairment or enhancement in Lyn function affecting subsets of SLE patients that may be a means of stratification. In this review, we present an overview of the phosphorylation and protein-binding targets of Lyn in B lymphocytes and myeloid cells, highlighting the structural domains of the protein that are involved in its function, and provide an update on studies of Lyn in SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elan L’Estrange-Stranieri
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Timothy A. Gottschalk
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark D. Wright
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Margaret L. Hibbs
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Dick JK, Hicks D, Krishna VD, Sangala JA, Zandstra BT, Baehr C, Verbeek JS, Cragg MS, Cheeran MCJ, Pravetoni M, Hart GT. ACE2 decoy Fc-fusions and bi-specific killer engager (BiKEs) require Fc engagement for in vivo efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.20.599956. [PMID: 38948747 PMCID: PMC11212978 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.20.599956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 virus has continued to evolve over time necessitating the adaptation of vaccines to maintain efficacy. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 were a key line of defense for unvaccinated or immunocompromised individuals. However, these mAbs are now ineffective against current SARS-CoV-2 variants. Here, we tested three aspects of αSARS-CoV-2 therapeutics. First, we tested whether Fc engagement is necessary for in vivo clearance of SARS-CoV-2. Secondly, we tested bi-specific killer engagers (BiKEs) that simultaneously engage SARS-CoV-2 and a specific Fc receptor. Benefits of these engagers include the ease of manufacturing, stability, more cell-specific targeting, and high affinity binding to Fc receptors. Using both mAbs and BiKEs, we found that both neutralization and Fc receptor engagement were necessary for effective SARS-CoV-2 clearance. Thirdly, due to ACE2 being necessary for viral entry, ACE2 will maintain binding to SARS-CoV-2 despite viral evolution. Therefore, we used an ACE2 decoy Fc-fusion or BiKE, instead of an anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody sequence, as a potential therapeutic that would withstand viral evolution. We found that the ACE2 decoy approach also required Fc receptor engagement and, unlike traditional neutralizing antibodies against specific variants, enabled the clearance of two distinct SARS-CoV-2 variants. These data show the importance of Fc engagement for mAbs, the utility of BiKEs as therapies for infectious disease, and the in vivo effectiveness of the ACE2 decoy approach. With further studies, we predict combining neutralization, the cellular response, and this ACE2 decoy approach will benefit individuals with ineffective antibody levels. Abbreviations ACE2, scFv, mAb, BiKE, COVID-19, Fc, CD16, CD32b, CD64, d.p.i. Key points With equal dosing, both neutralization and Fc engagement are necessary for the optimal efficacy of in vivo antibodies and bi-specific killer engagers (BiKEs) against SARS-CoV-2. BiKEs can clear SARS-CoV-2 virus and protect against severe infection in the hACE2-K18 mouse model. ACE2 decoys as part of Fc-fusions or BiKEs provide in vivo clearance of two disparate SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Moquist PN, Zhang X, Leiske CI, Eng-Duncan NML, Zeng W, Bindman NA, Wo SW, Wong A, Henderson CM, Crowder K, Lyon R, Doronina SO, Senter PD, Neff-LaFord HD, Sussman D, Gardai SJ, Levengood MR. Reversible Chemical Modification of Antibody Effector Function Mitigates Unwanted Systemic Immune Activation. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:855-866. [PMID: 38789102 PMCID: PMC11191404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Antibody effector functions including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and phagocytosis (ADCP) are mediated through the interaction of the antibody Fc region with Fcγ receptors present on immune cells. Several approaches have been used to modulate antibody Fc-Fcγ interactions with the goal of driving an effective antitumor immune response, including Fc point mutations and glycan modifications. However, robust antibody-Fcγ engagement and immune cell binding of Fc-enhanced antibodies in the periphery can lead to the unwanted induction of systemic cytokine release and other dose-limiting infusion-related reactions. Creating a balance between effective engagement of Fcγ receptors that can induce antitumor activity without incurring systemic immune activation is an ongoing challenge in the field of antibody and immuno-oncology therapeutics. Herein, we describe a method for the reversible chemical modulation of antibody-Fcγ interactions using simple poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) linkers conjugated to antibody interchain disulfides with maleimide attachments. This method enables dosing of a therapeutic with muted Fcγ engagement that is restored in vivo in a time-dependent manner. The technology was applied to an effector function enhanced agonist CD40 antibody, SEA-CD40, and experiments demonstrate significant reductions in Fc-induced immune activation in vitro and in mice and nonhuman primates despite showing retained efficacy and improved pharmacokinetics compared to the parent antibody. We foresee that this simple, modular system can be rapidly applied to antibodies that suffer from systemic immune activation due to peripheral FcγR binding immediately upon infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip N. Moquist
- ADC
Chemistry, Pfizer, Inc., 21823 30th Dr. SE, Bothell, Washington 98021, United states
| | - Xinqun Zhang
- ADC
Antibody Engineering, Pfizer, Inc., 21823 30th Dr. SE, Bothell, Washington 98021, United States
| | - Chris I. Leiske
- ADC
Antibody Engineering, Pfizer, Inc., 21823 30th Dr. SE, Bothell, Washington 98021, United States
| | | | - Weiping Zeng
- ADC
In Vivo Pharmacology, Pfizer, Inc., 21823 30th Dr. SE, Bothell, Washington 98021, United States
| | - Noah A. Bindman
- ADC
Antibody Engineering, Pfizer, Inc., 21823 30th Dr. SE, Bothell, Washington 98021, United States
| | - Serena W. Wo
- ADC
Antibody Engineering, Pfizer, Inc., 21823 30th Dr. SE, Bothell, Washington 98021, United States
| | - Abbie Wong
- ADC
Translational Sciences, Pfizer, Inc., 21823 30th Dr. SE, Bothell, Washington 98021, United States
| | - Clark M. Henderson
- ADC
Translational Sciences, Pfizer, Inc., 21823 30th Dr. SE, Bothell, Washington 98021, United States
| | - Karalyne Crowder
- Non-Clinical
Sciences, Pfizer, Inc., 21823 30th Dr. SE, Bothell, Washington 98021, United States
| | - Robert Lyon
- ADC
Antibody Engineering, Pfizer, Inc., 21823 30th Dr. SE, Bothell, Washington 98021, United States
| | - Svetlana O. Doronina
- ADC
Chemistry, Pfizer, Inc., 21823 30th Dr. SE, Bothell, Washington 98021, United states
| | - Peter D. Senter
- ADC
Chemistry, Pfizer, Inc., 21823 30th Dr. SE, Bothell, Washington 98021, United states
| | - Haley D. Neff-LaFord
- Non-Clinical
Sciences, Pfizer, Inc., 21823 30th Dr. SE, Bothell, Washington 98021, United States
| | - Django Sussman
- ADC
Antibody Engineering, Pfizer, Inc., 21823 30th Dr. SE, Bothell, Washington 98021, United States
| | - Shyra J. Gardai
- Immunology, Pfizer,
Inc., 21823 30th Dr.
SE, Bothell, Washington 98021, United States
| | - Matthew R. Levengood
- ADC
Antibody Engineering, Pfizer, Inc., 21823 30th Dr. SE, Bothell, Washington 98021, United States
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35
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Merchand-Reyes G, Bull MF, Santhanam R, Valencia-Pena ML, Murugesan RA, Chordia A, Mo XM, Robledo-Avila FH, Ruiz-Rosado JDD, Carson WE, Byrd JC, Woyach JA, Tridandapani S, Butchar JP. NOD2 activation enhances macrophage Fcγ receptor function and may increase the efficacy of antibody therapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1409333. [PMID: 38919608 PMCID: PMC11196781 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1409333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Therapeutic antibodies have become a major strategy to treat oncologic diseases. For chronic lymphocytic leukemia, antibodies against CD20 are used to target and elicit cytotoxic responses against malignant B cells. However, efficacy is often compromised due to a suppressive microenvironment that interferes with cellular immune responses. To overcome this suppression, agonists of pattern recognition receptors have been studied which promote direct cytotoxicity or elicit anti-tumoral immune responses. NOD2 is an intracellular pattern recognition receptor that participates in the detection of peptidoglycan, a key component of bacterial cell walls. This detection then mediates the activation of multiple signaling pathways in myeloid cells. Although several NOD2 agonists are being used worldwide, the potential benefit of these agents in the context of antibody therapy has not been explored. Methods Primary cells from healthy-donor volunteers (PBMCs, monocytes) or CLL patients (monocytes) were treated with versus without the NOD2 agonist L18-MDP, then antibody-mediated responses were assessed. In vivo, the Eµ-TCL1 mouse model of CLL was used to test the effects of L18-MDP treatment alone and in combination with anti-CD20 antibody. Results Treatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with L18-MDP led to activation of monocytes from both healthy donors and CLL patients. In addition, there was an upregulation of activating FcγR in monocytes and a subsequent increase in antibody-mediated phagocytosis. This effect required the NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways. Treatment with L18-MDP plus anti-CD20 antibody in the Eµ-TCL model of CLL led to a significant reduction of CLL load, as well as to phenotypic changes in splenic monocytes and macrophages. Conclusions Taken together, these results suggest that NOD2 agonists help overturn the suppression of myeloid cells, and may improve the efficacy of antibody therapy for CLL.
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MESH Headings
- Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein/agonists
- Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein/metabolism
- Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein/immunology
- Animals
- Humans
- Receptors, IgG/metabolism
- Receptors, IgG/immunology
- Mice
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine/pharmacology
- Female
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Signal Transduction
- Phagocytosis
- Rituximab/pharmacology
- Rituximab/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Merchand-Reyes
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mikayla F. Bull
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ramasamy Santhanam
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Maria L. Valencia-Pena
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | | | - Aadesh Chordia
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Xiaokui-Molly Mo
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Frank H. Robledo-Avila
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Juan De Dios Ruiz-Rosado
- Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | | | - John C. Byrd
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Woyach
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Susheela Tridandapani
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jonathan P. Butchar
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Garton T, Gadani SP, Gill AJ, Calabresi PA. Neurodegeneration and demyelination in multiple sclerosis. Neuron 2024:S0896-6273(24)00372-6. [PMID: 38889714 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) is an immune-initiated neurodegenerative condition that lacks effective therapies. Although peripheral immune infiltration is a hallmark of relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), PMS is associated with chronic, tissue-restricted inflammation and disease-associated reactive glial states. The effector functions of disease-associated microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocyte lineage cells are beginning to be defined, and recent studies have made significant progress in uncovering their pathologic implications. In this review, we discuss the immune-glia interactions that underlie demyelination, failed remyelination, and neurodegeneration with a focus on PMS. We highlight the common and divergent immune mechanisms by which glial cells acquire disease-associated phenotypes. Finally, we discuss recent advances that have revealed promising novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of PMS and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Garton
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sachin P Gadani
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexander J Gill
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter A Calabresi
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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37
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Das S, Kaminski TW, Schlegel BT, Bain W, Hu S, Patel A, Kale SL, Chen K, Lee JS, Mallampalli RK, Kagan VE, Rajasundaram D, McVerry BJ, Sundd P, Kitsios GD, Ray A, Ray P. Neutrophils and galectin-3 defend mice from lethal bacterial infection and humans from acute respiratory failure. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4724. [PMID: 38830855 PMCID: PMC11148175 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48796-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, common in hospitalized immunocompromised and immunocompetent ventilated patients, can be life-threatening because of antibiotic resistance. This raises the question of whether the host's immune system can be educated to combat this bacterium. Here we show that prior exposure to a single low dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) protects mice from a lethal infection by P. aeruginosa. LPS exposure trained the innate immune system by promoting expansion of neutrophil and interstitial macrophage populations distinguishable from other immune cells with enrichment of gene sets for phagocytosis- and cell-killing-associated genes. The cell-killing gene set in the neutrophil population uniquely expressed Lgals3, which encodes the multifunctional antibacterial protein, galectin-3. Intravital imaging for bacterial phagocytosis, assessment of bacterial killing and neutrophil-associated galectin-3 protein levels together with use of galectin-3-deficient mice collectively highlight neutrophils and galectin-3 as central players in LPS-mediated protection. Patients with acute respiratory failure revealed significantly higher galectin-3 levels in endotracheal aspirates (ETAs) of survivors compared to non-survivors, galectin-3 levels strongly correlating with a neutrophil signature in the ETAs and a prognostically favorable hypoinflammatory plasma biomarker subphenotype. Taken together, our study provides impetus for harnessing the potential of galectin-3-expressing neutrophils to protect from lethal infections and respiratory failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Das
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine and Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Tomasz W Kaminski
- VERSITI Blood Research Institute and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
| | - Brent T Schlegel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Health Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - William Bain
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine and Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Veteran's Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15240, USA
| | - Sanmei Hu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine and Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Akruti Patel
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine and Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Sagar L Kale
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine and Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Kong Chen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine and Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Janet S Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Rama K Mallampalli
- Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University (OSU), Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Dhivyaa Rajasundaram
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Health Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Bryan J McVerry
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine and Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Prithu Sundd
- VERSITI Blood Research Institute and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
| | - Georgios D Kitsios
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine and Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Anuradha Ray
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine and Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Prabir Ray
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine and Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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38
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Gehring AJ, Salimzadeh L. Current and future use of antibody-based passive immunity to prevent or control HBV/HDV infections. Antiviral Res 2024; 226:105893. [PMID: 38679166 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
With the increasing momentum and success of monoclonal antibody therapy in conventional medical practices, there is a revived emphasis on the development of monoclonal antibodies targeting the hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis D (HDV). Combination therapies of anti-HBs monoclonal antibodies, and novel anti-HBV compounds and immunomodulatory drugs presenting a promising avenue to enhanced therapeutic outcomes in HBV/HDV cure regimens. In this review, we will cover the role of antibodies in the protection and clearance of HBV infection, the association of anti-HBV surface antigen antibodies (anti-HBs) in protection against HBV and how antibody effector functions, beyond neutralization, are likely necessary. Lastly, we will review clinical data from previous and ongoing clinical trials of passive antibody therapy to provide a state-of-the-are perspective on passive antibody therapies in combinations with additional novel agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Gehring
- Schwartz-Reisman Liver Research Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Loghman Salimzadeh
- Schwartz-Reisman Liver Research Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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39
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Wang H, Mao X, Zhong Y, Zhao X, Li C, Jiang J, Hong Z, Wang N, Wang F. Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells inhibit immune rejection injury from allogeneic mouse heart transplantation: A preliminary study on the microRNA expression. Transpl Immunol 2024; 84:102022. [PMID: 38452986 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2024.102022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cell therapy is a new treatment for immune rejection in heart transplantation. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) on alleviating immune rejection of allogeneic heart transplantation in mice and its possible underlying mechanism. METHODS We injected hAMSCs into cervical ectopic heart transplantation model mice via tail vein to observe the survival time, the pathological changes of donor myocardium, and the fluorescent distribution of hAMSCs after the transplantation. MicroRNAs (miRs) with significantly differential expression were obtained by RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis, and a dual luciferase reporter gene assay together with real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to verify the relationship between miRs and their targeting genes. RESULTS The intervention of hAMSCs prolonged the graft survival time and alleviated the pathological damage of the donor heart. The injected hAMSCs were distributed mainly in the liver, spleen, and kidney, only a very small portion in the donor and recipient hearts. In the allogeneic transplantation models, the expression of miR-34b-5p significantly increased after hAMSC treatment. MiR-34b-5p showed a knockdown effect on gene Fc gamma receptor 2B (FCGR2B). CONCLUSIONS hAMSCs can reduce the immune rejection injury after allogeneic heart transplantation. This effect may be associated with the upregulation of miR-34b-5p expression to knock down its targeting gene FCGR2B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyuan Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, Guizhou, China; The Second Clinical Institute, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou, China
| | - Xin Mao
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, Guizhou, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou, China
| | - Yue Zhong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, Guizhou, China; The Second Clinical Institute, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, Guizhou, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, Guizhou, China
| | - Chuntian Li
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, Guizhou, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, Guizhou, China; The Second Clinical Institute, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, Guizhou, China
| | - Zheng Hong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, Guizhou, China; The Second Clinical Institute, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, Guizhou, China
| | - Nuoxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou, China; The Clinical Stem Cell Research Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou, China.
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, Guizhou, China; The Second Clinical Institute, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, Guizhou, China; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China.
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Wang J, Wu J, Ma Y, Hao L, Huang W, Liu Z, Li Y. Characterization of a membrane Fcγ receptor in largemouth bass (Micropterus saloumoides) and its response to bacterial challenge. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:1123-1140. [PMID: 38407736 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01325-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Fc receptors (FcRs), specific to the Fc portion of immunoglobulin (Ig), are required to regulate immune responses against pathogenic infections. However, FcγR is a member of FcRs family, whose structure and function remains to be elucidated in teleost fish. In this study, the FcγRII, from largemouth bass (Micropterus saloumoides), named membrane MsFcγRII (mMsFcγRII), was cloned and identified. The opening reading frame (ORF) of mMsFcγRII was 750 bp, encoding 249 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 27 kDa. The mMsFcγRII contained a signal peptide, two Ig domains, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular region, which was highly homology with FcγR from other teleost fish. The mRNA expression analysis showed that mMsFcγRII was widely distributed in all tested tissues and with the highest expression level in spleen. After bacterial challenge, the expression of mMsFcγRII was significantly upregulated in vivo (spleen and head kidney), as well as in vitro (leukocytes from head kidney). The subcellular localization assay revealed that mMsFcγRII was mostly observed on the membrane of HEK293T cells which were transfected with mMsFcγRII overexpression plasmid. Flow cytometric analysis showed that natural mMsFcγRII protein was highly expressed in head kidney lymphocytes. Moreover, indirect immunofluorescence assay and pull-down assay indicated that mMsFcγRII could bind to IgM purified from largemouth bass serum. These results suggested that mMsFcγRII was likely to play an influential role in the immune response against pathogens and provided valuable insights for studying the function of FcRs in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jing Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yanping Ma
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Le Hao
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wen Huang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhenxing Liu
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Yugu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Fan L, Liu J, Hu W, Chen Z, Lan J, Zhang T, Zhang Y, Wu X, Zhong Z, Zhang D, Zhang J, Qin R, Chen H, Zong Y, Zhang J, Chen B, Jiang J, Cheng J, Zhou J, Gao Z, Liu Z, Chai Y, Fan J, Wu P, Chen Y, Zhu Y, Wang K, Yuan Y, Huang P, Zhang Y, Feng H, Song K, Zeng X, Zhu W, Hu X, Yin W, Chen W, Wang J. Targeting pro-inflammatory T cells as a novel therapeutic approach to potentially resolve atherosclerosis in humans. Cell Res 2024; 34:407-427. [PMID: 38491170 PMCID: PMC11143203 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-024-00945-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), a leading cause of cardio-cerebrovascular disease worldwide, is driven by the accumulation of lipid contents and chronic inflammation. Traditional strategies primarily focus on lipid reduction to control AS progression, leaving residual inflammatory risks for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). While anti-inflammatory therapies targeting innate immunity have reduced MACEs, many patients continue to face significant risks. Another key component in AS progression is adaptive immunity, but its potential role in preventing AS remains unclear. To investigate this, we conducted a retrospective cohort study on tumor patients with AS plaques. We found that anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody (mAb) significantly reduces AS plaque size. With multi-omics single-cell analyses, we comprehensively characterized AS plaque-specific PD-1+ T cells, which are activated and pro-inflammatory. We demonstrated that anti-PD-1 mAb, when captured by myeloid-expressed Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs), interacts with PD-1 expressed on T cells. This interaction turns the anti-PD-1 mAb into a substitute PD-1 ligand, suppressing T-cell functions in the PD-1 ligands-deficient context of AS plaques. Further, we conducted a prospective cohort study on tumor patients treated with anti-PD-1 mAb with or without Fc-binding capability. Our analysis shows that anti-PD-1 mAb with Fc-binding capability effectively reduces AS plaque size, while anti-PD-1 mAb without Fc-binding capability does not. Our work suggests that T cell-targeting immunotherapy can be an effective strategy to resolve AS in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Fan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Research Center for Life Science and Human Health, Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junwei Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zexin Chen
- Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Department of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Lan
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Basic Medical School of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianpeng Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Danyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui Qin
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science & Brain-machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Chen
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfeng Zong
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jifang Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingyi Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiwei Gao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenjie Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Chai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junqiang Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pin Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinxuan Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuefeng Zhu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Respiratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pintong Huang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huiqin Feng
- Department of Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kaichen Song
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xun Zeng
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Research Center for Life Science and Human Health, Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Weiwei Yin
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- The MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science & Brain-machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jian'an Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Research Center for Life Science and Human Health, Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Shah M, El Chaer F, Ho DY, El Boghdadly Z. Managing infectious challenges in the age of molecular-targeted therapies for adult hematological malignancies. Transpl Infect Dis 2024; 26:e14283. [PMID: 38698640 DOI: 10.1111/tid.14283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Over the last decade, the therapeutic landscape for hematological malignancies (HMs) has witnessed a remarkable surge in the development of novel biological and small-molecule-targeted immunomodulatory agents. These therapies have drastically improved survival, but some come at the cost of increased risk of bacterial, viral, and/or fungal infections and on-target off-tumor immunological side effects. To mitigate such risks, physicians must be well informed about infectious complications and necessary preventive measures, such as screening, vaccinations, and antimicrobial prophylaxis. Furthermore, physicians should be vigilant about the noninfectious side effects of these agents that can mimic infections and understand their potential drug-drug interactions with antimicrobials. Strengthening and harmonizing the current surveillance and reporting system for drug-associated infections in real-world settings is essential to better ascertain the potential infections associated with these agents. In this review, we aimed to summarize the infection risks associated with novel agents used for specific HMs and outline recommended strategies for monitoring and prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manan Shah
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Firas El Chaer
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Dora Y Ho
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Virginia, USA
| | - Zeinab El Boghdadly
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Huang M, Liu Y, Yan Q, Peng M, Ge J, Mo Y, Wang Y, Wang F, Zeng Z, Li Y, Fan C, Xiong W. NK cells as powerful therapeutic tool in cancer immunotherapy. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024; 47:733-757. [PMID: 38170381 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00909-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural killer (NK) cells have gained considerable attention and hold great potential for their application in tumor immunotherapy. This is mainly due to their MHC-unrestricted and pan-specific recognition capabilities, as well as their ability to rapidly respond to and eliminate target cells. To artificially generate therapeutic NK cells, various materials can be utilized, such as peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), umbilical cord blood (UCB), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and NK cell lines. Exploiting the therapeutic potential of NK cells to treat tumors through in vivo and in vitro therapeutic modalities has yielded positive therapeutic results. CONCLUSION This review provides a comprehensive description of NK cell therapeutic approaches for tumors and discusses the current problems associated with these therapeutic approaches and the prospects of NK cell therapy for tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yixuan Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qijia Yan
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Miao Peng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junshang Ge
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yongzhen Mo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yumin Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fuyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Alkek Building, RM N720, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chunmei Fan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410013, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Alfaidi N, Karmastaji S, Matic A, Bril V. FcRn Inhibitor Therapies in Neurologic Diseases. CNS Drugs 2024; 38:425-441. [PMID: 38724842 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-024-01090-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
In the last decade, the landscape of treating autoimmune diseases has evolved with the emergence and approval of novel targeted therapies. Several new biological agents offer selective and target-specific immunotherapy and therefore fewer side effects, such as neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn)-targeting therapy. Neonatal Fc receptor-targeted therapies are engineered to selectively target FcRn through various methods, such as Fc fragments or monoclonal anti-FcRn antibodies. These approaches enhance the breakdown of autoantibodies by blocking the immunoglobulin G recycling pathway. This mechanism reduces overall plasma immunoglobulin levels, including the levels of pathogenic autoantibodies, without affecting the other immunoglobulin class immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin E, immunoglobulin M, and immunoglobulin D levels. Drugs that inhibit FcRn include efgartigimod, rozanolixizumab, batoclimab, and nipocalimab. These medications can be administered either intravenously or subcutaneously. Numerous clinical trials are currently underway to investigate their effectiveness, safety, and tolerability in various neurological conditions, including myasthenia gravis and other neurological disorders such as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, myositis, neuromyelitis optica, and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease. Positive results from clinical trials of efgartigimod and rozanolixizumab led to their approval for the treatment of generalized myasthenia gravis. Additional clinical trials are still ongoing. Neonatal Fc receptor inhibitor agents seem to be well tolerated. Reported adverse events include headache (most commonly observed with efgartigimod and rozanolixizumab), upper respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection, diarrhea, pyrexia, and nausea. Additionally, some of these agents may cause transient hypoalbuminemia and hypercholesterolemia notably reported with batoclimab and nipocalimab. In this review, we discuss the available clinical data for FcRN inhibitor agents in treating different neurological autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf Alfaidi
- Ellen and Martin Prosserman Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 5EC-309, TGH 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Salama Karmastaji
- Ellen and Martin Prosserman Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 5EC-309, TGH 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Alexandria Matic
- Ellen and Martin Prosserman Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 5EC-309, TGH 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Vera Bril
- Ellen and Martin Prosserman Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 5EC-309, TGH 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada.
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Chen J, Wu L, Li Y. FGL1 and FGL2: emerging regulators of liver health and disease. Biomark Res 2024; 12:53. [PMID: 38816776 PMCID: PMC11141035 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00601-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is a complex group of diseases with high morbidity and mortality rates, emerging as a major global health concern. Recent studies have highlighted the involvement of fibrinogen-like proteins, specifically fibrinogen-like protein 1 (FGL1) and fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2), in the regulation of various liver diseases. FGL1 plays a crucial role in promoting hepatocyte growth, regulating lipid metabolism, and influencing the tumor microenvironment (TME), contributing significantly to liver repair, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and liver cancer. On the other hand, FGL2 is a multifunctional protein known for its role in modulating prothrombin activity and inducing immune tolerance, impacting viral hepatitis, liver fibrosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and liver transplantation. Understanding the functions and mechanisms of fibrinogen-like proteins is essential for the development of effective therapeutic approaches for liver diseases. Additionally, FGL1 has demonstrated potential as a disease biomarker in radiation and drug-induced liver injury as well as HCC, while FGL2 shows promise as a biomarker in viral hepatitis and liver transplantation. The expression levels of these molecules offer exciting prospects for disease assessment. This review provides an overview of the structure and roles of FGL1 and FGL2 in different liver conditions, emphasizing the intricate molecular regulatory processes and advancements in targeted therapies. Furthermore, it explores the potential benefits and challenges of targeting FGL1 and FGL2 for liver disease treatment and the prospects of fibrinogen-like proteins as biomarkers for liver disease, offering insights for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiongming Chen
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China.
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Ng TW, Furuyama W, Wirchnianski AS, Saavedra-Ávila NA, Johndrow CT, Chandran K, Jacobs WR, Marzi A, Porcelli SA. A viral vaccine design harnessing prior BCG immunization confers protection against Ebola virus. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.28.595735. [PMID: 38853867 PMCID: PMC11160617 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.28.595735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy and feasibility of an anti-viral vaccine strategy that takes advantage of pre-existing CD4 + helper T (Th) cells induced by Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination. This strategy uses immunization with recombinant fusion proteins comprised of a cell surface expressed viral antigen, such as a viral envelope glycoprotein, engineered to contain well-defined BCG Th cell epitopes, thus rapidly recruiting Th cells induced by prior BCG vaccination to provide intrastructural help to virus-specific B cells. In the current study, we show that Th cells induced by BCG were localized predominantly outside of germinal centers and promoted antibody class switching to isotypes characterized by strong Fc receptor interactions and effector functions. Furthermore, BCG vaccination also upregulated FcγR expression to potentially maximize antibody-dependent effector activities. Using a mouse model of Ebola virus (EBOV) infection, this vaccine strategy provided sustained antibody levels with strong IgG2c bias and protection against lethal challenge. This general approach can be easily adapted to other viruses, and may be a rapid and effective method of immunization against emerging pandemics in populations that routinely receive BCG vaccination.
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47
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Jin N, Rong J, Chen X, Huang L, Ma H. Exploring T-cell exhaustion features in Acute myocardial infarction for a Novel Diagnostic model and new therapeutic targets by bio-informatics and machine learning. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:272. [PMID: 38783198 PMCID: PMC11118734 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03907-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T-cell exhaustion (TEX), a condition characterized by impaired T-cell function, has been implicated in numerous pathological conditions, but its role in acute myocardial Infarction (AMI) remains largely unexplored. This research aims to identify and characterize all TEX-related genes for AMI diagnosis. METHODS By integrating gene expression profiles, differential expression analysis, gene set enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction networks, and machine learning algorithms, we were able to decipher the molecular mechanisms underlying TEX and its significant association with AMI. In addition, we investigated the diagnostic validity of the leading TEX-related genes and their interactions with immune cell profiles. Different types of candidate small molecule compounds were ultimately matched with TEX-featured genes in the "DrugBank" database to serve as potential therapeutic medications for future TEX-AMI basic research. RESULTS We screened 1725 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from 80 AMI samples and 71 control samples, identifying 39 differential TEX-related transcripts in total. Functional enrichment analysis identified potential biological functions and signaling pathways associated with the aforementioned genes. We constructed a TEX signature containing five hub genes with favorable prognostic performance using machine learning algorithms. In addition, the prognostic performance of the nomogram of these five hub genes was adequate (AUC between 0.815 and 0.995). Several dysregulated immune cells were also observed. Finally, six small molecule compounds which could be the future therapeutic for TEX in AMI were discovered. CONCLUSION Five TEX diagnostic feature genes, CD48, CD247, FCER1G, TNFAIP3, and FCGRA, were screened in AMI. Combining these genes may aid in the early diagnosis and risk prediction of AMI, as well as the evaluation of immune cell infiltration and the discovery of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nake Jin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo Hangzhou Bay Hospital, Ningbo, 315300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiacheng Rong
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo Hangzhou Bay Hospital, Ningbo, 315300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xudong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo Hangzhou Bay Hospital, Ningbo, 315300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo Hangzhou Bay Hospital, Ningbo, 315300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
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Vianou B, Royo J, Dechavanne S, Bertin GI, Yessoufou A, Houze S, Faucher JF, Aubouy A. Monocytes, particularly nonclassical ones, lose their opsonic and nonopsonic phagocytosis capacity during pediatric cerebral malaria. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1358853. [PMID: 38835780 PMCID: PMC11148436 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1358853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Innate immunity is crucial to reducing parasite burden and contributing to survival in severe malaria. Monocytes are key actors in the innate response and, like macrophages, are plastic cells whose function and phenotype are regulated by the signals from the microenvironment. In the context of cerebral malaria (CM), monocyte response constitutes an important issue to understand. We previously demonstrated that decreased percentages of nonclassical monocytes were associated with death outcomes in CM children. In the current study, we postulated that monocyte phagocytosis function is impacted by the severity of malaria infection. Methods To study this hypothesis, we compared the opsonic and nonopsonic phagocytosis capacity of circulant monocytes from Beninese children with uncomplicated malaria (UM) and CM. For the CM group, samples were obtained at inclusion (D0) and 3 and 30 days after treatment (D3, D30). The phagocytosis capacity of monocytes and their subsets was characterized by flow cytometry and transcriptional profiling by studying genes known for their functional implication in infected-red blood cell (iRBC) elimination or immune escape. Results Our results confirm our hypothesis and highlight the higher capacity of nonclassical monocytes to phagocyte iRBC. We also confirm that a low number of nonclassical monocytes is associated with CM outcome when compared to UM, suggesting a mobilization of this subpopulation to the cerebral inflammatory site. Finally, our results suggest the implication of the inhibitory receptors LILRB1, LILRB2, and Tim3 in phagocytosis control. Discussion Taken together, these data provide a better understanding of the interplay between monocytes and malaria infection in the pathogenicity of CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertin Vianou
- UMR152 PHARMADEV, IRD, UPS, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
- Clinical Research Institute of Benin (IRCB), Abomey Calavi, Benin
| | - Jade Royo
- UMR152 PHARMADEV, IRD, UPS, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
| | - Sébastien Dechavanne
- UMR261 Mère et Enfant en Milieu tropical (MERIT), Université Paris Cité, IRD, Paris, France
| | - Gwladys I Bertin
- UMR261 Mère et Enfant en Milieu tropical (MERIT), Université Paris Cité, IRD, Paris, France
| | - Akadiri Yessoufou
- Cell Biology and Physiology Laboratory, Abomey Calavi University (UAC), Abomey Calavi, Benin
| | - Sandrine Houze
- UMR261 Mère et Enfant en Milieu tropical (MERIT), Université Paris Cité, IRD, Paris, France
- French Malaria Reference Center, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Bichat Hospital, Paris, France
- Parasitology Laboratory, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Bichat-Claude-Bernard Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Faucher
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Department, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1094 EpiMaCT, Inserm, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges University, Limoges, France
| | - Agnes Aubouy
- UMR152 PHARMADEV, IRD, UPS, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
- Clinical Research Institute of Benin (IRCB), Abomey Calavi, Benin
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Werner A, Hanić M, Zaitseva OO, Lauc G, Lux A, Nitschke L, Nimmerjahn F. IgG sialylation occurs in B cells pre antibody secretion. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1402000. [PMID: 38827747 PMCID: PMC11140079 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1402000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids as terminal sugar residues on cell surface or secreted proteins have many functional roles. In particular, the presence or absence of α2,6-linked sialic acid residues at the immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc fragment can switch IgG effector functions from pro- to anti-inflammatory activity. IgG glycosylation is considered to take place inside the plasma blast/plasma cell while the molecule travels through the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus before being secreted. However, more recent studies have suggested that IgG sialylation may occur predominantly post-antibody secretion. To what extent this extracellular IgG sialylation process contributes to overall IgG sialylation remains unclear, however. By generating bone marrow chimeric mice with a B cell-specific deletion of ST6Gal1, the key enzyme required for IgG sialylation, we now show that sialylation of the IgG Fc fragment exclusively occurs within B cells pre-IgG secretion. We further demonstrate that B cells expressing ST6Gal1 have a developmental advantage over B cells lacking ST6Gal1 expression and thus dominate the plasma cell pool and the resulting serum IgG population in mouse models in which both ST6Gal1-sufficient and -deficient B cells are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Werner
- Department of Biology, Division of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maja Hanić
- Genos Ltd, Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Ltd, Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anja Lux
- Department of Biology, Division of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lars Nitschke
- Department of Biology, Division of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Department of Biology, Division of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Swart IC, Van Gelder W, De Haan CAM, Bosch BJ, Oliveira S. Next generation single-domain antibodies against respiratory zoonotic RNA viruses. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1389548. [PMID: 38784667 PMCID: PMC11111979 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1389548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The global impact of zoonotic viral outbreaks underscores the pressing need for innovative antiviral strategies, particularly against respiratory zoonotic RNA viruses. These viruses possess a high potential to trigger future epidemics and pandemics due to their high mutation rate, broad host range and efficient spread through airborne transmission. Recent pandemics caused by coronaviruses and influenza A viruses underscore the importance of developing targeted antiviral strategies. Single-domain antibodies (sdAbs), originating from camelids, also known as nanobodies or VHHs (Variable Heavy domain of Heavy chain antibodies), have emerged as promising tools to combat current and impending zoonotic viral threats. Their unique structure, coupled with attributes like robustness, compact size, and cost-effectiveness, positions them as strong alternatives to traditional monoclonal antibodies. This review describes the pivotal role of sdAbs in combating respiratory zoonotic viruses, with a primary focus on enhancing sdAb antiviral potency through optimization techniques and diverse administration strategies. We discuss both the promises and challenges within this dynamically growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris C. Swart
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Virology Section, Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Willem Van Gelder
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A. M. De Haan
- Virology Section, Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Berend-Jan Bosch
- Virology Section, Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Oliveira
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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