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Zhang J, Zhan H, Song Z, Liu S. Immune reactions following intestinal transplantation: Mechanisms and prevention. Asian J Surg 2024; 47:3819-3826. [PMID: 38431471 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2024.02.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
For patients with intestinal failure, small bowel transplantation remains one of the most effective treatments despite continuous advancements in parenteral nutrition techniques. Long-term use of parenteral nutrition can result in serious complications that lead to metabolic dysfunction and organ failure. However, the small intestine is a highly immunogenic organ with a large amount of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue and histocompatibility antigens; therefore, the small intestine is highly susceptible to severe immune rejection. This article discusses the mechanisms underlying immune rejection after small bowel transplantation and presents various options for prevention and treatment. Our findings offer new insights into the development of small bowel transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hanxiang Zhan
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zifang Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Shanglong Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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2
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Bromberg JS, Bunnapradist S, Samaniego-Picota M, Anand S, Stites E, Gauthier P, Demko Z, Prewett A, Armer-Cabral M, Marshall K, Kaur N, Bloom MS, Tabriziani H, Bhorade S, Cooper M. Elevation of Donor-derived Cell-free DNA Before Biopsy-proven Rejection in Kidney Transplant. Transplantation 2024; 108:1994-2004. [PMID: 38595232 PMCID: PMC11335081 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000005007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Standard-of-care biomarkers for renal allograft rejection are lagging indicators, signaling existing organ injury. This precludes early intervention, when immunological cascades leading to rejection are most susceptible. Donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) shows promise as an early indicator of rejection, allowing earlier and possibly more effective treatment. This analysis was designed to assess this promise using real-world dd-cfDNA testing evidence. METHODS This retrospective analysis of the prospective, observational ProActive registry study (NCT04091984) assessed dd-cfDNA and serum creatinine levels before biopsy in 424 patients with ≥1 dd-cfDNA test (n = 1013) in the 6 mo before biopsy. RESULTS Of 4667 enrolled patients, 1631 patients had ≥18 mo of follow-up data, of which 424 had a biopsy and were included in this analysis. Twenty-six biopsies showed antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR), 62 showed T cell-mediated rejection, and 336 showed nonrejection; each from a unique patient. dd-cfDNA fractions were significantly elevated 5 mo before ABMR biopsies, and 2 mo before T cell-mediated rejection biopsies, compared with nonrejection biopsies. In contrast, serum creatinine did not discriminate between rejection and nonrejection in advance, or concurrent with biopsy. Among patients with nonrejection biopsies, estimated glomerular filtration rate was significantly lower in cases with ≥2 increased dd-cfDNA results (≥1%), compared with those with 0 or 1 increased dd-cfDNA result. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that dd-cfDNA is an early indicator of biopsy-proven rejection, especially ABMR, suggesting a greater role for dd-cfDNA in surveillance to identify patients at high risk of ongoing or future rejection, thus requiring closer monitoring, biopsy, or other management changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S. Bromberg
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | | | - Erik Stites
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Matthew Cooper
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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3
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Jin F, Vajdic CM, Poynten IM, McGee-Avila JK, Castle PE, Grulich AE. Cancer risk in people living with HIV and solid organ transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Oncol 2024; 25:933-944. [PMID: 38936380 PMCID: PMC11246791 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(24)00189-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systematic evaluations of cancer risk in people living with HIV or AIDS (PLHIV) and solid organ transplant recipients provide unique insights into the role of the immune system in cancer development. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we expand previous analyses of cancer risk for these two immunocompromised populations. METHODS We considered studies published in English and listed on PubMed or Embase up to July 1, 2022. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they used population-based registries and compared cancer incidence in PLHIV or solid organ transplant recipients with the general population in the same geographical area. We extracted the number of observed site-specific cancers and expected cases and calculated meta-standardised incidence ratios for cancer within PLHIV and solid organ transplant recipients. In solid organ transplant recipients meta-standardised incidence ratios were compared by organ type. This project is registered on PROSPERO, CRD42022366679. FINDINGS 46 studies in PLHIV and 67 in solid organ transplant recipients were included in the analysis. Meta-standardised incidence ratios for cancers associated with human papillomavirus were increased in both populations; the highest meta-standardised incidence ratio in PLHIV was anal cancer (37·28 [95% CI 23·65-58·75], I2=97·4%), and in solid organ transplant recipients was cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (45·87 [31·70-66·38], I2=99·0%). Meta-standardised incidence ratios were significantly increased for most non-HPV viral-infection-related cancers in both populations; the highest standard incidence ratios were for Kaposi sarcoma (PLHIV: 801·52 [95% CI 200·25-3208·13], I2=100·0%; solid organ transplant recipients: 47·31 [23·09-96·95], I2=87·7%) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (32·53 [19·64-53·87], I2=99·8%; 10·24 [8·48-12·35], I2=94·9%). Eight types of cancer with no known viral cause showed an increased risk in solid organ transplant recipients only; no cancer type showed increased risk in PLHIV only. INTERPRETATION Cancer risk was increased for a range of infection-related cancers in both PLHIV and solid organ transplant recipients, but divergent results in these and other cancers have emerged. The cancer risk patterns probably reflect variances in the degree of impaired immunity, exposure to carcinogenic viruses, and perhaps exposure to carcinogenic immunosuppressive agents. FUNDING US National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyi Jin
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Claire M Vajdic
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - I Mary Poynten
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jennifer K McGee-Avila
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Philip E Castle
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew E Grulich
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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4
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Gui Z, Al Moussawy M, Sanders SM, Abou-Daya KI. Innate Allorecognition in Transplantation: Ancient Mechanisms With Modern Impact. Transplantation 2024; 108:1524-1531. [PMID: 38049941 PMCID: PMC11188633 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Through the effective targeting of the adaptive immune system, solid organ transplantation became a life-saving therapy for organ failure. However, beyond 1 y of transplantation, there is little improvement in transplant outcomes. The adaptive immune response requires the activation of the innate immune system. There are no modalities for the specific targeting of the innate immune system involvement in transplant rejection. However, the recent discovery of innate allorecognition and innate immune memory presents novel targets in transplantation that will increase our understanding of organ rejection and might aid in improving transplant outcomes. In this review, we look at the latest developments in the study of innate allorecognition and innate immune memory in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeping Gui
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Mouhamad Al Moussawy
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Steven M. Sanders
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Khodor I. Abou-Daya
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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5
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Trentadue G, Mensink PBF, Kruse C, Reszel B, Kats-Ugurlu G, Blokzijl T, Haveman JW, Faber KN, Dijkstra G, Hölscher UM, Kolkman JJ, Knichwitz G. Intraluminal oxygen can keep small bowel mucosa intact in a segmental ischemia model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13732. [PMID: 38877069 PMCID: PMC11178904 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64660-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal preservation for transplantation is accompanied by hypoperfusion with long periods of ischemia with total blood cessation and absolute withdrawal of oxygen leading to structural damage. The application of intraluminal oxygen has been successfully tested in small-animal series during storage and transport of the organ but have been so far clinically unrelatable. In this study, we tested whether a simple and clinically approachable method of intraluminal oxygen application could prevent ischemic damage in a large animal model, during warm ischemia time. We utilised a local no-flow ischemia model of the small intestine in pigs. A low-flow and high-pressure intraluminal oxygen deliverance system was applied in 6 pigs and 6 pigs served as a control group. Mucosal histopathology, hypoxia and barrier markers were evaluated after two hours of no-flow conditions, in both treatment and sham groups, and in healthy tissue. Macro- and microscopically, the luminal oxygen delivered treatment group showed preserved small bowel's appearance, viability, and mucosal integrity. A gradual deterioration of histopathology and barrier markers and increase in hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α expression towards the sites most distant from the oxygen application was observed. Intraluminal low-flow, high oxygen delivery can preserve the intestinal mucosa during total ischemia of the small intestine. This finding can be incorporated in methods to overcome small bowel ischemia and improve intestinal preservation for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Trentadue
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter B F Mensink
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Claudius Kruse
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Operative Intensive Medicine, Franziskus Hospital, Intensive Care Medicine, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Bernward Reszel
- CERES GmbH, Clinical Evaluation and Research, Lörrach, Germany
- Berufliche Fortbildungszentren der Bayerischen Wirtschaft (bfz) gGmbH, München, Germany
| | - Gursah Kats-Ugurlu
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tjasso Blokzijl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem Haveman
- Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Nico Faber
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Dijkstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Uvo M Hölscher
- Münster University of Applied Sciences, Steinfurt, Germany
| | - Jeroen J Kolkman
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Gisbert Knichwitz
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Dreifaltigkeits-Krankenhaus Cologne, Klinik Für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin Und Schmerztherapie, Cologne, Germany
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6
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Ravella S. Association between oral nutrition and inflammation after intestinal transplantation. Hum Immunol 2024; 85:110809. [PMID: 38724327 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2024.110809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal transplantation (Itx) can be a life-saving treatment for certain patient populations, including those patients with intestinal failure (IF) who develop life-threatening complications due to the use of parenteral nutrition (PN). Most patients who have undergone Itx are eventually able to tolerate a full oral diet. However, little guidance or consensus exists regarding optimizing the specific components of an oral diet for Itx patients, including macronutrients, micronutrients and dietary patterns. While oral dietary prescriptions have moved to the forefront of primary and preventive care, this movement has yet to occur across the field of organ transplantation. Evidence to date points to the role of systemic chronic inflammation (SCI) in a wide variety of chronic diseases as well as post-transplant graft dysfunction. This review will discuss current trends in oral nutrition for Itx patients and also offer novel insights into nutritional management techniques that may help to decrease SCI and chronic disease risk as well as optimize graft function.
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Elalouf A, Elalouf H, Rosenfeld A. Modulatory immune responses in fungal infection associated with organ transplant - advancements, management, and challenges. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1292625. [PMID: 38143753 PMCID: PMC10748506 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1292625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ transplantation stands as a pivotal achievement in modern medicine, offering hope to individuals with end-stage organ diseases. Advancements in immunology led to improved organ transplant survival through the development of immunosuppressants, but this heightened susceptibility to fungal infections with nonspecific symptoms in recipients. This review aims to establish an intricate balance between immune responses and fungal infections in organ transplant recipients. It explores the fundamental immune mechanisms, recent advances in immune response dynamics, and strategies for immune modulation, encompassing responses to fungal infections, immunomodulatory approaches, diagnostics, treatment challenges, and management. Early diagnosis of fungal infections in transplant patients is emphasized with the understanding that innate immune responses could potentially reduce immunosuppression and promise efficient and safe immuno-modulating treatments. Advances in fungal research and genetic influences on immune-fungal interactions are underscored, as well as the potential of single-cell technologies integrated with machine learning for biomarker discovery. This review provides a snapshot of the complex interplay between immune responses and fungal infections in organ transplantation and underscores key research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Elalouf
- Department of Management, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Hadas Elalouf
- Information Science Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ariel Rosenfeld
- Information Science Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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8
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Vafadar A, Vosough P, Jahromi HK, Tajbakhsh A, Savardshtaki A, Butler AE, Sahebkar A. The role of efferocytosis and transplant rejection: Strategies in promoting transplantation tolerance using apoptotic cell therapy and/or synthetic particles. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:959-977. [PMID: 37787641 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently, efforts have been made to recognize the precise reason(s) for transplant failure and the process of rejection utilizing the molecular signature. Most transplant recipients do not appreciate the unknown length of survival of allogeneic grafts with the existing standard of care. Two noteworthy immunological pathways occur during allogeneic transplant rejection. A nonspecific innate immune response predominates in the early stages of the immune reaction, and allogeneic antigens initiate a donor-specific adaptive reaction. Though the adaptive response is the major cause of allograft rejection, earlier pro-inflammatory responses that are part of the innate immune response are also regarded as significant in graft loss. The onset of the innate and adaptive immune response causes chronic and acute transplant rejection. Currently employed immunosuppressive medications have shown little or no influence on chronic rejection and, as a result, on overall long-term transplant survival. Furthermore, long-term pharmaceutical immunosuppression is associated with side effects, toxicity, and an increased risk of developing diseases, both infectious and metabolic. As a result, there is a need for the development of innovative donor-specific immunosuppressive medications to regulate the allorecognition pathways that induce graft loss and to reduce the side effects of immunosuppression. Efferocytosis is an immunomodulatory mechanism with fast and efficient clearance of apoptotic cells (ACs). As such, AC therapy strategies have been suggested to limit transplant-related sequelae. Efferocytosis-based medicines/treatments can also decrease the use of immunosuppressive drugs and have no detrimental side effects. Thus, this review aims to investigate the impact of efferocytosis on transplant rejection/tolerance and identify approaches using AC clearance to increase transplant viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Vafadar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parisa Vosough
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Kargar Jahromi
- Research Center for Non-Communicable Disease, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Amir Tajbakhsh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Savardshtaki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alexandra E Butler
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Bahrain, Adliya, Bahrain
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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9
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Zhang L, Li J. Unlocking the secrets: the power of methylation-based cfDNA detection of tissue damage in organ systems. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:168. [PMID: 37858233 PMCID: PMC10588141 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01585-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detecting organ and tissue damage is essential for early diagnosis, treatment decisions, and monitoring disease progression. Methylation-based assays offer a promising approach, as DNA methylation patterns can change in response to tissue damage. These assays have potential applications in early detection, monitoring disease progression, evaluating treatment efficacy, and assessing organ viability for transplantation. cfDNA released into the bloodstream upon tissue or organ injury can serve as a biomarker for damage. The epigenetic state of cfDNA, including DNA methylation patterns, can provide insights into the extent of tissue and organ damage. CONTENT Firstly, this review highlights DNA methylation as an extensively studied epigenetic modification that plays a pivotal role in processes such as cell growth, differentiation, and disease development. It then presents a variety of highly precise 5-mC methylation detection techniques that serve as powerful tools for gaining profound insights into epigenetic alterations linked with tissue damage. Subsequently, the review delves into the mechanisms underlying DNA methylation changes in organ and tissue damage, encompassing inflammation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage repair mechanisms. Next, it addresses the current research status of cfDNA methylation in the detection of specific organ tissues and organ damage. Finally, it provides an overview of the multiple steps involved in identifying specific methylation markers associated with tissue and organ damage for clinical trials. This review will explore the mechanisms and current state of research on cfDNA methylation-based assay detecting organ and tissue damage, the underlying mechanisms, and potential applications in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Zhang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, No. 1 Dahua Road, Dongdan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinming Li
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, No. 1 Dahua Road, Dongdan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Ye J, Yao J, He F, Sun J, Zhao Z, Wang Y. Regulation of gut microbiota: a novel pretreatment for complications in patients who have undergone kidney transplantation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1169500. [PMID: 37346031 PMCID: PMC10280007 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1169500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is an effective method to improve the condition of patients with end-stage renal disease. The gut microbiota significantly affects the immune system and can be used as an influencing factor to change the prognoses of patients who have undergone kidney transplantation. Recipients after kidney transplantation showed a lower abundance of Firmicutes and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and a higher proportion of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. After using prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation to regulate the microbial community, the prognoses of patients who underwent kidney transplantation evidently improved. We aimed to determine the relationship between gut microbiota and various postoperative complications inpatients who have undergone kidney transplantation in recent years and to explore how gut microecology affects post-transplant complications. An in-depth understanding of the specific functions of gut microbiota and identification of the actual pathogenic flora during complications in patients undergoing kidney transplantation can help physicians develop strategies to restore the normal intestinal microbiome of transplant patients to maximize their survival and improve their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junxia Yao
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangfang He
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yumei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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11
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Cutting Edge Aquatic-Based Collagens in Tissue Engineering. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21020087. [PMID: 36827128 PMCID: PMC9959471 DOI: 10.3390/md21020087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquatic-based collagens have attracted much interest due to their great potential application for biomedical sectors, including the tissue engineering sector, as a major component of the extracellular matrix in humans. Their physical and biochemical characteristics offer advantages over mammalian-based collagen; for example, they have excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, are easy to extract, and pose a relatively low immunological risk to mammalian products. The utilization of aquatic-based collagen also has fewer religious restrictions and lower production costs. Aquatic-based collagen also creates high-added value and good environmental sustainability by aquatic waste utilization. Thus, this study aims to overview aquatic collagen's characteristics, extraction, and fabrication. It also highlights its potential application for tissue engineering and the regeneration of bone, cartilage, dental, skin, and vascular tissue. Moreover, this review highlights the recent research in aquatic collagen, future prospects, and challenges for it as an alternative biomaterial for tissue engineering and regenerative medicines.
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12
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Mahan LD, Mohanka MR, Joerns J, Lawrence A, Bollineni S, Kaza V, Timofte I, La Hoz RM, Sorelle J, Terada LS, Kershaw CD, Torres F, Banga A. A Case Report of Breakthrough Infections With 2 SARS-CoV-2 Variants in a Lung Transplant Patient. Transplant Proc 2022; 54:2698-2701. [PMID: 36116948 PMCID: PMC9314265 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A lung transplant (LT) patient developed 2 distinct episodes of COVID-19, confirmed by whole-genome sequencing, which was caused by the Delta, and then followed 6 weeks later, by the Omicron variant. The clinical course with Omicron was more severe, leading us to speculate that Omicron may not be any milder among LT patients. We discuss the potential mechanisms behind the Omicron not being any milder among LT patients and emphasize the need for outcomes data among these patients. Until such data become available, it may be prudent to maintain clinical equipoise as regards the relative virulence of the newer variants among LT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke D Mahan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Manish R Mohanka
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - John Joerns
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Adrian Lawrence
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Srinivas Bollineni
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Vaidehi Kaza
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Irina Timofte
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ricardo M La Hoz
- Division of Infectious Disease and Geographic Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jeffrey Sorelle
- Departments of Genomics and Molecular Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Lance S Terada
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Corey D Kershaw
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Fernando Torres
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Amit Banga
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
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13
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Iglesias M, Brennan DC, Larsen CP, Raimondi G. Targeting inflammation and immune activation to improve CTLA4-Ig-based modulation of transplant rejection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:926648. [PMID: 36119093 PMCID: PMC9478663 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.926648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For the last few decades, Calcineurin inhibitors (CNI)-based therapy has been the pillar of immunosuppression for prevention of organ transplant rejection. However, despite exerting effective control of acute rejection in the first year post-transplant, prolonged CNI use is associated with significant side effects and is not well suited for long term allograft survival. The implementation of Costimulation Blockade (CoB) therapies, based on the interruption of T cell costimulatory signals as strategy to control allo-responses, has proven potential for better management of transplant recipients compared to CNI-based therapies. The use of the biologic cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA4)-Ig is the most successful approach to date in this arena. Following evaluation of the BENEFIT trials, Belatacept, a high-affinity version of CTLA4-Ig, has been FDA approved for use in kidney transplant recipients. Despite its benefits, the use of CTLA4-Ig as a monotherapy has proved to be insufficient to induce long-term allograft acceptance in several settings. Multiple studies have demonstrated that events that induce an acute inflammatory response with the consequent release of proinflammatory cytokines, and an abundance of allograft-reactive memory cells in the recipient, can prevent the induction of or break established immunomodulation induced with CoB regimens. This review highlights advances in our understanding of the factors and mechanisms that limit CoB regimens efficacy. We also discuss recent successes in experimentally designing complementary therapies that favor CTLA4-Ig effect, affording a better control of transplant rejection and supporting their clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Iglesias
- Vascularized and Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Giorgio Raimondi, ; Marcos Iglesias,
| | - Daniel C. Brennan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Christian P. Larsen
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Giorgio Raimondi
- Vascularized and Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Giorgio Raimondi, ; Marcos Iglesias,
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14
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Swarte JC, Li Y, Hu S, Björk JR, Gacesa R, Vich Vila A, Douwes RM, Collij V, Kurilshikov A, Post A, Klaassen MAY, Eisenga MF, Gomes-Neto AW, Kremer D, Jansen BH, Knobbe TJ, Berger SP, Sanders JSF, Heiner-Fokkema MR, Porte RJ, Cuperus FJC, de Meijer VE, Wijmenga C, Festen EAM, Zhernakova A, Fu J, Harmsen HJM, Blokzijl H, Bakker SJL, Weersma RK. Gut microbiome dysbiosis is associated with increased mortality after solid organ transplantation. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabn7566. [PMID: 36044594 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn7566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Organ transplantation is a life-saving treatment for patients with end-stage disease, but survival rates after transplantation vary considerably. There is now increasing evidence that the gut microbiome is linked to the survival of patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplant, yet little is known about the role of the gut microbiome in solid organ transplantation. We analyzed 1370 fecal samples from 415 liver and 672 renal transplant recipients using shotgun metagenomic sequencing to assess microbial taxonomy, metabolic pathways, antibiotic resistance genes, and virulence factors. To quantify taxonomic and metabolic dysbiosis, we also analyzed 1183 age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched controls from the same population. In addition, a subset of 78 renal transplant recipients was followed longitudinally from pretransplantation to 24 months after transplantation. Our data showed that both liver and kidney transplant recipients suffered from gut dysbiosis, including lower microbial diversity, increased abundance of unhealthy microbial species, decreased abundance of important metabolic pathways, and increased prevalence and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors. These changes were found to persist up to 20 years after transplantation. Last, we demonstrated that the use of immunosuppressive drugs was associated with the observed dysbiosis and that the extent of dysbiosis was associated with increased mortality after transplantation. This study represents a step toward potential microbiome-targeted interventions that might influence the outcomes of recipients of solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Casper Swarte
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Yanni Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Shixian Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Johannes R Björk
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ranko Gacesa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Arnau Vich Vila
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Rianne M Douwes
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Valerie Collij
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Alexander Kurilshikov
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Adrian Post
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marjolein A Y Klaassen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Michele F Eisenga
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - António W Gomes-Neto
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Daan Kremer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Bernadien H Jansen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Tim J Knobbe
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Stefan P Berger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jan-Stephan F Sanders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - M Rebecca Heiner-Fokkema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Robert J Porte
- Department of Surgery, Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Frans J C Cuperus
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Vincent E de Meijer
- Department of Surgery, Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Eleonora A M Festen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Zhernakova
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jingyuan Fu
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Hermie J M Harmsen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Hans Blokzijl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Rinse K Weersma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
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15
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Ashammakhi N, GhavamiNejad A, Tutar R, Fricker A, Roy I, Chatzistavrou X, Hoque Apu E, Nguyen KL, Ahsan T, Pountos I, Caterson EJ. Highlights on Advancing Frontiers in Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2022; 28:633-664. [PMID: 34210148 PMCID: PMC9242713 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The field of tissue engineering continues to advance, sometimes in exponential leaps forward, but also sometimes at a rate that does not fulfill the promise that the field imagined a few decades ago. This review is in part a catalog of success in an effort to inform the process of innovation. Tissue engineering has recruited new technologies and developed new methods for engineering tissue constructs that can be used to mitigate or model disease states for study. Key to this antecedent statement is that the scientific effort must be anchored in the needs of a disease state and be working toward a functional product in regenerative medicine. It is this focus on the wildly important ideas coupled with partnered research efforts within both academia and industry that have shown most translational potential. The field continues to thrive and among the most important recent developments are the use of three-dimensional bioprinting, organ-on-a-chip, and induced pluripotent stem cell technologies that warrant special attention. Developments in the aforementioned areas as well as future directions are highlighted in this article. Although several early efforts have not come to fruition, there are good examples of commercial profitability that merit continued investment in tissue engineering. Impact statement Tissue engineering led to the development of new methods for regenerative medicine and disease models. Among the most important recent developments in tissue engineering are the use of three-dimensional bioprinting, organ-on-a-chip, and induced pluripotent stem cell technologies. These technologies and an understanding of them will have impact on the success of tissue engineering and its translation to regenerative medicine. Continued investment in tissue engineering will yield products and therapeutics, with both commercial importance and simultaneous disease mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nureddin Ashammakhi
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, Michigan, USA
| | - Amin GhavamiNejad
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rumeysa Tutar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Annabelle Fricker
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ipsita Roy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xanthippi Chatzistavrou
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Ehsanul Hoque Apu
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kim-Lien Nguyen
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Taby Ahsan
- RoosterBio, Inc., Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Ippokratis Pountos
- Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Edward J. Caterson
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Nemours/Alfred I. du Pont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
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16
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Calil IL, Tustumi F, Sousa JHBD, Tomazini BM, Cruz RJ, Saliba GN, Pécora RAA, D’Albuquerque LAC. What is the role of heat shock protein in abdominal organ transplantation? EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2022; 20:eRB6181. [PMID: 35293529 PMCID: PMC8909122 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2022rb6181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a pathophysiological event occuring after abdominal organ transplantation, and has a significant influence on prognosis and survival of the graft. It is involved in delaying the primary function or non-functioning of the graft. The objective of this study was to provide information on heat shock protein mechanisms in ischemia-reperfusion injuries in abdominal organ transplantations, and to indicate the possible factors involved that may influence the graft outcome. Several classes of heat shock proteins are part of the ischemia and reperfusion process, both as inflammatory agonists and in protecting the process. Studies involving heat shock proteins enhance knowledge on ischemia-reperfusion injury mitigation processes and the mechanisms involved in the survival of abdominal grafts, and open space to support therapeutic future clinical studies, minimizing ischemia and reperfusion injuries in abdominal organ transplantations. Expression of heat shock proteins is associated with inflammatory manifestations and ischemia-reperfusion injuries in abdominal organ transplantations and may influence graft outcomes.
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17
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Ishiyama K, Arakawa-Hoyt J, Aguilar OA, Damm I, Towfighi P, Sigdel T, Tamaki S, Babdor J, Spitzer MH, Reed EF, Sarwal MM, Lanier LL. Mass cytometry reveals single-cell kinetics of cytotoxic lymphocyte evolution in CMV-infected renal transplant patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2116588119. [PMID: 35181606 PMCID: PMC8872722 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2116588119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is associated with graft rejection in renal transplantation. Memory-like natural killer (NK) cells expressing NKG2C and lacking FcεRIγ are established during CMV infection. Additionally, CD8+ T cells expressing NKG2C have been observed in some CMV-seropositive patients. However, in vivo kinetics detailing the development and differentiation of these lymphocyte subsets during CMV infection remain limited. Here, we interrogated the in vivo kinetics of lymphocytes in CMV-infected renal transplant patients using longitudinal samples compared with those of nonviremic (NV) patients. Recipient CMV-seropositive (R+) patients had preexisting memory-like NK cells (NKG2C+CD57+FcεRIγ-) at baseline, which decreased in the periphery immediately after transplantation in both viremic and NV patients. We identified a subset of prememory-like NK cells (NKG2C+CD57+FcεRIγlow-dim) that increased during viremia in R+ viremic patients. These cells showed a higher cytotoxic profile than preexisting memory-like NK cells with transient up-regulation of FcεRIγ and Ki67 expression at the acute phase, with the subsequent accumulation of new memory-like NK cells at later phases of viremia. Furthermore, cytotoxic NKG2C+CD8+ T cells and γδ T cells significantly increased in viremic patients but not in NV patients. These three different cytotoxic cells combinatorially responded to viremia, showing a relatively early response in R+ viremic patients compared with recipient CMV-seronegative viremic patients. All viremic patients, except one, overcame viremia and did not experience graft rejection. These data provide insights into the in vivo dynamics and interplay of cytotoxic lymphocytes responding to CMV viremia, which are potentially linked with control of CMV viremia to prevent graft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Ishiyama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Janice Arakawa-Hoyt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Oscar A Aguilar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Izabella Damm
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Parhom Towfighi
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Tara Sigdel
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Stanley Tamaki
- Parnassus Flow Cytometry Core, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Joel Babdor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Matthew H Spitzer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Elaine F Reed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Minnie M Sarwal
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Lewis L Lanier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143;
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
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18
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van den Bogaart L, Lang BM, Neofytos D, Egli A, Walti LN, Boggian K, Garzoni C, Berger C, Pascual M, van Delden C, Mueller NJ, Manuel O, Mombelli M. Epidemiology and outcomes of medically attended and microbiologically confirmed bacterial foodborne infections in solid organ transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:199-209. [PMID: 34514688 PMCID: PMC9292857 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Food-safety measures are recommended to solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. However, the burden of foodborne infections in SOT recipients has not been established. We describe the epidemiology and outcomes of bacterial foodborne infections in a nationwide cohort including 4405 SOT recipients in Switzerland between 2008 and 2018. Participants were prospectively followed for a median of 4.2 years with systematic collection of data on infections, and patient and graft-related outcomes. We identified 151 episodes of microbiologically confirmed bacterial foodborne infections occurring in median 1.6 years (IQR 0.58-3.40) after transplantation (131 [88%] Campylobacter spp. and 15 [10%] non-typhoidal Salmonella). The cumulative incidence of bacterial foodborne infections was 4% (95% CI 3.4-4.8). Standardized incidence rates were 7.4 (95% CI 6.2-8.7) and 4.6 (95% CI 2.6-7.5) for Campylobacter and Salmonella infections, respectively. Invasive infection was more common with Salmonella (33.3% [5/15]) compared to Campylobacter (3.2% [4/125]; p = .001). Hospital and ICU admission rates were 47.7% (69/145) and 4.1% (6/145), respectively. A composite endpoint of acute rejection, graft loss, or death occurred within 30 days in 3.3% (5/151) of cases. In conclusion, in our cohort bacterial foodborne infections were late post-transplant infections and were associated with significant morbidity, supporting the need for implementation of food-safety recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena van den Bogaart
- Transplantation CenterLausanne University Hospital and University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland,Service of Infectious DiseasesLausanne University Hospital and University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Brian M. Lang
- Clinic for Transplantation Immunology and Nephrology (Swiss Transplant Cohort Study)University Hospital of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Dionysios Neofytos
- Transplant Infectious Diseases UnitGeneva University Hospital and Faculty of MedicineGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Adrian Egli
- Division of Clinical Bacteriology and MycologyUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland,Applied Microbiology Research, Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Laura N. Walti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, InselspitalBern University Hospital, University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Katia Boggian
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital EpidemiologyCantonal Hospital St. GallenSt. GallenSwitzerland
| | - Christian Garzoni
- Clinic of Internal Medicine and Infectious DiseasesClinica Luganese MoncuccoLuganoSwitzerland
| | - Christoph Berger
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology and Children’s Research CenterUniversity Children’s HospitalZurichSwitzerland
| | - Manuel Pascual
- Transplantation CenterLausanne University Hospital and University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Christian van Delden
- Transplant Infectious Diseases UnitGeneva University Hospital and Faculty of MedicineGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Nicolas J. Mueller
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital EpidemiologyUniversity Hospital and University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Oriol Manuel
- Transplantation CenterLausanne University Hospital and University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland,Service of Infectious DiseasesLausanne University Hospital and University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Matteo Mombelli
- Transplantation CenterLausanne University Hospital and University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland,Service of Infectious DiseasesLausanne University Hospital and University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
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19
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Nikolova A, Patel JK. Induction Therapy and Therapeutic Antibodies. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2022; 272:85-116. [PMID: 35474024 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Prevention of allograft rejection is one of the crucial goals in solid organ transplantation to ensure durability of the graft and is chiefly mediated by cellular and humoral pathways targeting cell surface alloantigens. The risk of rejection is highest in the first post-transplant year and wanes with time albeit the risk always exists and varies with the type of organ transplanted. Induction therapies refer to the use of high-intensity immunosuppression in the immediate post-operative period to mitigate the highest risk of rejection. This term encompasses chiefly the use of antibody therapies directed against one of the key pathways in T-cell activation or abrogating effects of circulating alloantibodies. These antibodies carry more potent immunomodulatory effect than maintenance immunosuppressive therapy alone and many of them lead to durable immune cell depletion. A variety of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies have been utilized for use not only for induction therapy, but also for treatment of allograft rejection when it occurs and as components of desensitization therapy before and after transplantation to modulate circulating alloantibodies.
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20
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Alexander M, Luo Y, Raimondi G, O’Shea JJ, Gadina M. Jakinibs of All Trades: Inhibiting Cytokine Signaling in Immune-Mediated Pathologies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 15:48. [PMID: 35056105 PMCID: PMC8779366 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last 25 years, inhibition of Janus kinases (JAKs) has been pursued as a modality for treating various immune and inflammatory disorders. While the clinical development of JAK inhibitors (jakinibs) began with the investigation of their use in allogeneic transplantation, their widest successful application came in autoimmune and allergic diseases. Multiple molecules have now been approved for diseases ranging from rheumatoid and juvenile arthritis to ulcerative colitis, atopic dermatitis, graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) and other inflammatory pathologies in 80 countries around the world. Moreover, two jakinibs have also shown surprising efficacy in the treatment of hospitalized coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) patients, indicating additional roles for jakinibs in infectious diseases, cytokine storms and other hyperinflammatory syndromes. Jakinibs, as a class of pharmaceutics, continue to expand in clinical applications and with the development of more selective JAK-targeting and organ-selective delivery. Importantly, jakinib safety and pharmacokinetics have been investigated alongside clinical development, further cementing the potential benefits and limits of jakinib use. This review covers jakinibs that are approved or are under late phase investigation, focusing on clinical applications, pharmacokinetic and safety profiles, and future opportunities and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Alexander
- Translational Immunology Section, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal, and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10 Room 10C211, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Yiming Luo
- Vasculitis Translational Research Program, Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal, and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Giorgio Raimondi
- Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave., Ross Research Building, Suite 755A, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - John J. O’Shea
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal, and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10 Room 13C103C, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Massimo Gadina
- Translational Immunology Section, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal, and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10 Room 10C211, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
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21
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Kwon DE, Han SH, Han KD, La Y, Lee KH. Incidence rate of active tuberculosis in solid organ transplant recipients: Data from a nationwide population cohort in a high-endemic country. Transpl Infect Dis 2021; 23:e13729. [PMID: 34505751 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of active tuberculosis (TB) in solid organ transplantation (SOT) recipients is challenging given the pharmacological interaction and the potential delays in diagnosis due to atypical presentation. The incidence rates (IRs) of post-SOT TB from the whole recipients' cohort in a high-endemic country have not been evaluated. METHODS We established a SOT cohort (n = 15 598) and confirmed cases of TB between 2011 and 2015 from the Korean National Health Insurance Database using ICD-10 codes. After excluding 1302 and 180 SOT-recipients due to age (<18 years) and presence of pre-SOT TB and/or treatment for latent TB during wash-out period between 2006 and cohort entry, we analyzed 14 116 SOT recipients and 70 580 individuals with no history of SOT matched by age and sex. The hazard ratios (HRs) of IRs were adjusted for age, sex, low-income status, diabetes mellitus, chronic co-morbidities, and anti-TNF-α therapy. RESULTS The IR of TB was significantly higher (adjusted HR [aHR]: 6.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.5-7.6) in SOT recipients (4.9/1000 person-years) than in non-SOT individuals (0.8/1000 person-years). Of the transplanted organs, the pancreas (pancreas alone and simultaneous pancreas-kidney) and lung had the highest IR (aHR: 16.3 [6.1-42.2] and 16.1 [5.9-43.8], respectively). The use of anti-thymocyte globulin and azathioprine was associated with a higher IR (aHR: 1.53 [1.01-2.43] and 3.92 [1.21-12.47], respectively), but basiliximab was associated with a lower IR (aHR: 0.67 [0.48-0.98]). CONCLUSION The IR of TB in SOT recipients, especially in the pancreas and lung, was significantly higher than that in the non-SOT population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Eun Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Do Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonju La
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Hwa Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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22
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Villar CC, Dongari-Bagtzoglou A. Fungal diseases: Oral dysbiosis in susceptible hosts. Periodontol 2000 2021; 87:166-180. [PMID: 34463992 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The oral cavity is colonized by a large number of microorganisms that are referred to collectively as the oral microbiota. These indigenous microorganisms have evolved in symbiotic relationships with the oral mucosal immune system and are involved in maintaining homeostasis in the oral cavity. Although Candida species are commonly found in the healthy oral cavity without causing infection, these fungi can become pathogenic. Recents advances indicate that the development of oral candidiasis is driven both by Candida albicans overgrowth in a dysbiotic microbiome and by disturbances in the host's immune system. Perturbation of the oral microbiota triggered by host-extrinsic (ie, medications), host-intrinsic (ie, host genetics), and microbiome-intrinsic (ie, microbial interactions) factors may increase the risk of oral candidiasis. In this review, we provide an overview of the oral mycobiome, with a particular focus on the interactions of Candida albicans with some of the most common oral bacteria and the oral mucosal immune system. Also, we present a summary of our current knowledge of the host-intrinsic and host-extrinsic factors that can predispose to oral candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cunha Villar
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Dongari-Bagtzoglou
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
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23
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Iglesias M, Khalifian S, Oh BC, Zhang Y, Miller D, Beck S, Brandacher G, Raimondi G. A short course of tofacitinib sustains the immunoregulatory effect of CTLA4-Ig in the presence of inflammatory cytokines and promotes long-term survival of murine cardiac allografts. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:2675-2687. [PMID: 33331121 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Costimulation blockade-based regimens are a promising strategy for management of transplant recipients. However, maintenance immunosuppression via CTLA4-Ig monotherapy is characterized by high frequency of rejection episodes. Recent evidence suggests that inflammatory cytokines contribute to alloreactive T cell activation in a CD28-independent manner, a reasonable contributor to the limited efficacy of CTLA4-Ig. In this study, we investigated the possible synergism of a combined short-term inhibition of cytokine signaling and CD28 engagement on the modulation of rejection. Our results demonstrate that the JAK/STAT inhibitor tofacitinib restored the immunomodulatory effect of CTLA4-Ig on mouse alloreactive T cells in the presence of inflammatory cytokines. Tofacitinib exposure conferred dendritic cells with a tolerogenic phenotype reducing their cytokine secretion and costimulatory molecules expression. JAK inhibition also directly affected T cell activation. In vivo, the combination of CTLA4-Ig and tofacitinib induced long-term survival of heart allografts and, importantly, it was equally effective when using grafts subjected to prolonged ischemia. Transplant survival correlated with a reduction in effector T cells and intragraft accumulation of regulatory T cells. Collectively, our studies demonstrate a powerful synergism between CTLA4-Ig and tofacitinib and suggest their combined use is a promising strategy for improved management of transplanted patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Iglesias
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Saami Khalifian
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Byoung C Oh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yichuan Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Devin Miller
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah Beck
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gerald Brandacher
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Giorgio Raimondi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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24
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Mirzakhani M, Shahbazi M, Shamdani S, Naserian S, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi M. Innate immunity: Trained immunity and innate allorecognition against the allograft. Int Rev Immunol 2021; 41:275-282. [PMID: 33939576 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1921175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The immune system response of transplant recipients is the main cause of allograft rejection; therefore, its suppression seems crucial. Nevertheless, immunosuppressive agents are largely ineffective against innate immune response. Innate immunity is immediately activated after transplantation and contribute to allograft inflammation and rejection. In this regard, understanding the mechanism of activation and targeting the components of innate immunity could improve allograft survival time. In this review, we discuss two scenarios in the innate immunity, i.e., danger and allogeneic signals in the context of both allogeneic and syngeneic graft. Moreover, the mechanisms of innate allorecognition (i.e., signal regulatory protein α-CD47 and paired immunoglobulin-like receptors-MHC I axis) are described, which can improve our clinical decisions to use a better therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mirzakhani
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shahbazi
- Immunoregulation Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sara Shamdani
- Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France.,INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Sina Naserian
- Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France.,INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Mousa Mohammadnia-Afrouzi
- Immunoregulation Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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25
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Mombelli M, Lang BM, Neofytos D, Aubert JD, Benden C, Berger C, Boggian K, Egli A, Soccal PM, Kaiser L, Hirzel C, Pascual M, Koller M, Mueller NJ, van Delden C, Hirsch HH, Manuel O. Burden, epidemiology, and outcomes of microbiologically confirmed respiratory viral infections in solid organ transplant recipients: a nationwide, multi-season prospective cohort study. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:1789-1800. [PMID: 33131188 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are exposed to respiratory viral infection (RVI) during seasonal epidemics; however, the associated burden of disease has not been fully characterized. We describe the epidemiology and outcomes of RVI in a cohort enrolling 3294 consecutive patients undergoing SOT from May 2008 to December 2015 in Switzerland. Patient and allograft outcomes, and RVI diagnosed during routine clinical practice were prospectively collected. Median follow-up was 3.4 years (interquartile range 1.61-5.56). Six hundred ninety-six RVIs were diagnosed in 151/334 (45%) lung and 265/2960 (9%) non-lung transplant recipients. Cumulative incidence was 60% (95% confidence interval [CI] 53%-69%) in lung and 12% (95% CI 11%-14%) in non-lung transplant recipients. RVI led to 17.9 (95% CI 15.7-20.5) hospital admissions per 1000 patient-years. Intensive care unit admission was required in 4% (27/691) of cases. Thirty-day all-cause case fatality rate was 0.9% (6/696). Using proportional hazard models we found that RVI (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.45; 95% CI 1.62-3.73), lower respiratory tract RVI (aHR 3.45; 95% CI 2.15-5.52), and influenza (aHR 3.57; 95% CI 1.75-7.26) were associated with graft failure or death. In this cohort of SOT recipients, RVI caused important morbidity and may affect long-term outcomes, underlying the need for improved preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Mombelli
- Transplantation Center, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Service of Infectious Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Brian M Lang
- Clinic for Transplantation Immunology and Nephrology (Swiss Transplant Cohort Study), University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dionysios Neofytos
- Transplant Infectious Diseases Unit, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.,Service of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - John-David Aubert
- Transplantation Center, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Service of Pulmonology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Christoph Berger
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katia Boggian
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Egli
- Division of Clinical Bacteriology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paola M Soccal
- Service of Pulmonology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Service of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cédric Hirzel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Pascual
- Transplantation Center, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Koller
- Clinic for Transplantation Immunology and Nephrology (Swiss Transplant Cohort Study), University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas J Mueller
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian van Delden
- Transplant Infectious Diseases Unit, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.,Service of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hans H Hirsch
- Transplantation and Clinical Virology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oriol Manuel
- Transplantation Center, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Service of Infectious Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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26
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Husain I, Luo X. Apoptotic Donor Cells in Transplantation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:626840. [PMID: 33717145 PMCID: PMC7947657 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.626840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in prevention and treatment of transplant rejection with immunosuppressive medications, we continue to face challenges of long-term graft survival, detrimental medication side effects to both the recipient and transplanted organ together with risks for opportunistic infections. Transplantation tolerance has so far only been achieved through hematopoietic chimerism, which carries with it a serious and life-threatening risk of graft versus host disease, along with variability in persistence of chimerism and uncertainty of sustained tolerance. More recently, numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have explored the therapeutic potential of silent clearance of apoptotic cells which have been well known to aid in maintaining peripheral tolerance to self. Apoptotic cells from a donor not only have the ability of down regulating the immune response, but also are a way of providing donor antigens to recipient antigen-presenting-cells that can then promote donor-specific peripheral tolerance. Herein, we review both laboratory and clinical evidence that support the utility of apoptotic cell-based therapies in prevention and treatment of graft versus host disease and transplant rejection along with induction of donor-specific tolerance in solid organ transplantation. We have highlighted the potential limitations and challenges of this apoptotic donor cell-based therapy together with ongoing advancements and attempts made to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Husain
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Xunrong Luo
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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27
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Schaenman J, Phonphok K, Spanuchart I, Duong T, Sievers TM, Lum E, Reed EF, Bunnapradist S. Early cytomegalovirus DNAemia and antiviral dose adjustment in high vs intermediate risk kidney transplant recipients. Transpl Infect Dis 2021; 23:e13457. [PMID: 32892447 PMCID: PMC7962879 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection continues to negatively affect outcomes for solid organ transplant recipients, despite the advent of strategies for preemptive surveillance and prophylaxis. The impact is especially great for CMV seronegative recipients of donor seropositive organs, who typically lack the ability to control CMV infection at the time of transplantation. METHODS We reviewed episodes of CMV DNAemia in a modern cohort of kidney transplant recipients over a 3-year period at a high-volume transplant center to investigate the frequency of DNAemia during antiviral prophylaxis. RESULTS Despite receipt of antiviral prophylaxis per current guidelines, 75 cases of CMV DNAemia were observed in the first 100 days after transplantation. For high risk patients, median time to DNAemia was 75 days after transplantation, and the majority of patients had experienced dose-reduction of valganciclovir due to renal insufficiency. Review of CMV seropositive intermediate risk patients demonstrated DNAemia occurring earlier after transplantation compared with high risk patients with a median time of 64 days (P = .029). The impact of valganciclovir dose adjustment was less notable in the intermediate risk group. CONCLUSIONS Guidelines recommend beginning routine surveillance for CMV after the completion of antiviral prophylaxis. Our findings suggest that closer monitoring may be beneficial, especially for high risk patients at risk for DNAemia. Patients requiring dose adjustment of valganciclovir due to renal insufficiency may be at increased risk for CMV DNAemia. Improved methods for CMV prophylaxis and evaluation of immunologic risk for CMV DNAemia and disease are needed to improve patient outcomes after kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Schaenman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Korntip Phonphok
- Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Ittikorn Spanuchart
- Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Tin Duong
- Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Theodore M. Sievers
- Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Erik Lum
- Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Elaine F. Reed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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28
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Kim JS, Jeong KH, Lee DW, Lee SY, Lee SH, Yang J, Ahn C, Hwang HS. Epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical impact of early post-transplant infection in older kidney transplant recipients: the Korean organ transplantation registry study. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:519. [PMID: 33267808 PMCID: PMC7709316 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-01859-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As in younger recipients, post-transplant infection is a frequent and devastating complication after kidney transplantation (KT) in older recipients. However, few studies have analyzed characteristics of post-transplant infection in older kidney recipients. In this study of a nation-wide cohort of older kidney recipients, we investigated the current epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical impacts of early post-transplant infection, which was defined as infectious complications requiring hospitalization within the first 6 months after KT. Methods Three thousand seven hundred thirty-eight kidney recipients registered in the Korean Organ Transplantation Registry between 2014 and 2017 were enrolled. Recipients were divided into two groups, younger (n = 3081) and older (n = 657), with a cutoff age of 60 years. We observed characteristics of early post-transplant infection, and investigated risk factors for the development of infection. We also analyzed the association of early post-transplant infection with clinical outcomes including cardiac events, rejection, graft loss, and all-cause mortality. Results The incidence of early post-transplant infection was more frequent in older recipients (16.9% in younger group and 22.7% in older group). Bacteria were the most common causative pathogens of early post-transplant infection, and the most frequent site of infection was the urinary tract in both older and younger recipients. Older recipients experienced more mycobacterial infections, co-infections, and multiple site infections compared with younger recipients. In older recipients, female sex (HR 1.398, 95% CI 1.199–1.631), older donor age (HR 1.010, 95% CI 1.004–1.016), longer hospitalization after KT (HR 1.010, 95% CI 1.006–1.014), and experience of acute rejection (HR 2.907, 95% CI 2.471–3.419) were independent risk factors for the development of early post-transplant infection. Experiencing infection significantly increases the incidence of rejection, graft loss, and all-cause mortality. Conclusion Our results illustrate current trends, risk factors, and clinical impacts of early post-transplant infection after KT in older recipients. Considering the poor outcomes associated with early post-transplant infection, careful screening of recipients at high risk for infection and monitoring of recipients who experience infection are advised. In addition, since older recipients exhibit different clinical characteristics than younger recipients, further studies are needed to establish effective strategies for treating older recipients. Supplementary Information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s12877-020-01859-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sug Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwan Jeong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Won Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sam Yeol Lee
- Department of Surgery, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ho Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseok Yang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Curie Ahn
- Department of Nephrology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Seok Hwang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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29
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Paneth Cell Alterations During Ischemia-reperfusion, Follow-up, and Graft Rejection After Intestinal Transplantation. Transplantation 2020; 104:1952-1958. [PMID: 32265415 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia-reperfusion injury is inevitable during intestinal transplantation (ITx) and executes a key role in the evolution towards rejection. Paneth cells (PCs) are crucial for epithelial immune defense and highly vulnerable to ischemia-reperfusion injury. We investigated the effect of ITx on PC after reperfusion (T0), during follow-up, and rejection. Moreover, we investigated whether PC loss was associated with impaired graft homeostasis. METHODS Endoscopic biopsies, collected according to center protocol and at rejection episodes, were retrospectively included (n = 28 ITx, n = 119 biopsies) Biopsies were immunohistochemically co-stained for PC (lysozyme) and apoptosis, and PC/crypt and lysozyme intensity were scored. RESULTS We observed a decrease in PC/crypt and lysozyme intensity in the first week after ITx (W1) compared with T0. There was a tendency towards a larger decline in PC/crypt (P = 0.08) and lysozyme intensity (P = 0.08) in W1 in patients who later developed rejection compared with patients without rejection. Follow-up biopsies showed that the PC number recovered, whereas lysozyme intensity remained reduced. This persisting innate immune defect may contribute to the well-known vulnerability of the intestine to infection. There was no clear evidence that PCs were affected throughout rejection. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed a transient fall in PC numbers in the early post-ITx period but a permanent reduction in lysozyme intensity following ITx. Further research is needed to determine the potential clinical impact of PC impairment after ITx.
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30
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Li T, Jiang H, Liu H, Cooper DKC, Wang Y. Extracellular histones and xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation 2020; 27:e12618. [PMID: 32940936 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of Organ Transplantation The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University Haikou Hainan China
- The Transplantation Insititute of Hainan Medical University Haikou Hainan China
| | - Hongtao Jiang
- Department of Organ Transplantation The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University Haikou Hainan China
- The Transplantation Insititute of Hainan Medical University Haikou Hainan China
| | - Houqin Liu
- Department of Organ Transplantation The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University Haikou Hainan China
- The Transplantation Insititute of Hainan Medical University Haikou Hainan China
| | - David K. C. Cooper
- Xenotransplantation Program Department of Surgery University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Organ Transplantation The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University Haikou Hainan China
- The Transplantation Insititute of Hainan Medical University Haikou Hainan China
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31
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Majumder P, Zhang Y, Iglesias M, Fan L, Kelley JA, Andrews C, Patel N, Stagno JR, Oh BC, Furtmüller GJ, Lai CC, Wang YX, Brandacher G, Raimondi G, Schneider JP. Multiphase Assembly of Small Molecule Microcrystalline Peptide Hydrogel Allows Immunomodulatory Combination Therapy for Long-Term Heart Transplant Survival. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2002791. [PMID: 32812339 PMCID: PMC7686956 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202002791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Combination therapies that target multiple pathways involved in immune rejection of transplants hold promise for patients in need of restorative surgery. Herein, a noninteracting multiphase molecular assembly approach is developed to crystallize tofacitinib, a potent JAK1/3 inhibitor, within a shear-thinning self-assembled fibrillar peptide hydrogel network. The resulting microcrystalline tofacitinib hydrogel (MTH) can be syringe-injected directly to the grafting site during surgery to locally deliver the small molecule. The rate of drug delivered from MTH is largely controlled by the dissolution of the encapsulated microcrystals. A single application of MTH, in combination with systemically delivered CTLA4-Ig, a co-stimulation inhibitor, affords significant graft survival in mice receiving heterotopic heart transplants. Locoregional studies indicate that the local delivery of tofacitinib at the graft site enabled by MTH is required for the observed enhanced graft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poulami Majumder
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 376, Boyles St, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Yichuan Zhang
- Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Marcos Iglesias
- Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Lixin Fan
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, SAXS Core Facility of the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - James A Kelley
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 376, Boyles St, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Caroline Andrews
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Nimit Patel
- Small Animal Imaging Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Jason R Stagno
- Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Byoung Chol Oh
- Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Georg J Furtmüller
- Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Christopher C Lai
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 376, Boyles St, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Yun-Xing Wang
- Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Gerald Brandacher
- Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Giorgio Raimondi
- Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Joel P Schneider
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 376, Boyles St, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
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Frye CC, Bery AI, Kreisel D, Kulkarni HS. Sterile inflammation in thoracic transplantation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:581-601. [PMID: 32803398 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03615-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The life-saving benefits of organ transplantation can be thwarted by allograft dysfunction due to both infectious and sterile inflammation post-surgery. Sterile inflammation can occur after necrotic cell death due to the release of endogenous ligands [such as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and alarmins], which perpetuate inflammation and ongoing cellular injury via various signaling cascades. Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a significant contributor to sterile inflammation after organ transplantation and is associated with detrimental short- and long-term outcomes. While the vicious cycle of sterile inflammation and cellular injury is remarkably consistent amongst different organs and even species, we have begun understanding its mechanistic basis only over the last few decades. This understanding has resulted in the developments of novel, yet non-specific therapies for mitigating IRI-induced graft damage, albeit with moderate results. Thus, further understanding of the mechanisms underlying sterile inflammation after transplantation is critical for identifying personalized therapies to prevent or interrupt this vicious cycle and mitigating allograft dysfunction. In this review, we identify common and distinct pathways of post-transplant sterile inflammation across both heart and lung transplantation that can potentially be targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Corbin Frye
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Amit I Bery
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Avenue, Campus Box 8052, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Hrishikesh S Kulkarni
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Avenue, Campus Box 8052, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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Early Bacterial Infections After Pediatric Liver Transplantation in the Era of Multidrug-resistant Bacteria: Nine-year Single-center Retrospective Experience. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2020; 39:e169-e175. [PMID: 32251259 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000002662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early bacterial infection is a major and severe complication after liver transplantation (LT). The rise of antimicrobial resistance, especially extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE), is a growing concern for these patients. This study aimed to assess the epidemiology of early bacterial infections in a pediatric population, including those caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, and to identify risk factors for infection. METHODS We conducted a monocentric retrospective study including 142 consecutive LTs performed in 137 children between 2009 and 2017. RESULTS Ninety-three bacterial infections occurred after 67 (47%) LTs. Among the 82 isolated pathogens, the most common was Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 19, 23%). Independent risk factors for early bacterial infection were low weight [odds ratio (OR) = 0.96; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.9-0.99; P = 0.03] and the presence of a prosthetic mesh (OR = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.1-5.4; P = 0.046). Sixty-one children (45%) carried MDR bacteria and 16 infections were caused by MDR pathogens, especially ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae (n = 12). ESBL-PE stool carriage was associated with ESBL-PE infection (OR = 4.5; 95% CI: 1.4-17.4; P = 0.02). Four children died from an infection, three due to ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed a shift toward a predominance of Gram-negative early bacterial infections after pediatric LT. The risk factors for infection were low weight and the presence of a prosthetic mesh. ESBL-PE stool carriage was associated with ESBL-PE infection. Adapted antimicrobial prophylaxis and personalized antibiotherapy are mandatory to reduce infection prevalence and mortality.
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Kummer L, Zaradzki M, Vijayan V, Arif R, Weigand MA, Immenschuh S, Wagner AH, Larmann J. Vascular Signaling in Allogenic Solid Organ Transplantation - The Role of Endothelial Cells. Front Physiol 2020; 11:443. [PMID: 32457653 PMCID: PMC7227440 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft rejection remains the major obstacle after vascularized solid organ transplantation. Endothelial cells, which form the interface between the transplanted graft and the host’s immunity, are the first target for host immune cells. During acute cellular rejection endothelial cells are directly attacked by HLA I and II-recognizing NK cells, macrophages, and T cells, and activation of the complement system leads to endothelial cell lysis. The established forms of immunosuppressive therapy provide effective treatment options, but the treatment of chronic rejection of solid organs remains challenging. Chronic rejection is mainly based on production of donor-specific antibodies that induce endothelial cell activation—a condition which phenotypically resembles chronic inflammation. Activated endothelial cells produce chemokines, and expression of adhesion molecules increases. Due to this pro-inflammatory microenvironment, leukocytes are recruited and transmigrate from the bloodstream across the endothelial monolayer into the vessel wall. This mononuclear infiltrate is a hallmark of transplant vasculopathy. Furthermore, expression profiles of different cytokines serve as clinical markers for the patient’s outcome. Besides their effects on immune cells, activated endothelial cells support the migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. In turn, muscle cell recruitment leads to neointima formation followed by reduction in organ perfusion and eventually results in tissue injury. Activation of endothelial cells involves antibody ligation to the surface of endothelial cells. Subsequently, intracellular signaling pathways are initiated. These signaling cascades may serve as targets to prevent or treat adverse effects in antibody-activated endothelial cells. Preventive or therapeutic strategies for chronic rejection can be investigated in sophisticated mouse models of transplant vasculopathy, mimicking interactions between immune cells and endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kummer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcin Zaradzki
- Institute of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vijith Vijayan
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Rawa Arif
- Institute of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus A Weigand
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Immenschuh
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Andreas H Wagner
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Larmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Zhang G, Iwase H, Wang L, Yamamoto T, Jagdale A, Ayares D, Li Y, Cooper DKC, Hara H. Is interleukin-6 receptor blockade (tocilizumab) beneficial or detrimental to pig-to-baboon organ xenotransplantation? Am J Transplant 2020; 20:999-1013. [PMID: 31733178 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-6/IL-6 receptor-α (IL-6Rα)/signal transduction and activation of the transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway plays an important role in inflammation. Anti-human IL-6Rα blockade by tocilizumab (TCZ) has been used in pig-to-baboon organ xenotransplant models, but whether it is beneficial remains uncertain. After xenotransplant, there were significant increases in both baboon and pig IL-6 in the baboon serum, especially in baboons that received TCZ before xenotransplant. In vitro observations demonstrated that human, baboon, and pig IL-6 can activate the IL-6/IL-6Rα/STAT3 pathway in human, baboon, and pig cells, respectively. Activation of the IL-6/IL-6Rα/STAT3 pathway was blocked by TCZ in human and baboon cells but not in pig cells (ie, pig IL-6R). Siltuximab (human IL-6 inhibitor) bound to both human and baboon, but not pig, IL-6 and suppressed activation of the IL-6/IL-6Rα/STAT3 pathway. These results indicate that TCZ and siltuximab do not cross-react with pig IL-6R and pig IL-6, respectively. Rapamycin partially inhibited human, baboon, and pig IL-6/IL-6Rα/STAT3 pathways and suppressed inflammatory gene expression. TCZ treatment increased serum IL-6 because it could no longer bind to baboon IL-6Rα. We suggest that increased serum IL-6 may be detrimental to the pig xenograft because it is likely to bind to pig IL-6R, resulting in activation of pig cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hayato Iwase
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Liaoran Wang
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Takayuki Yamamoto
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Abhijit Jagdale
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Yong Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - David K C Cooper
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Hidetaka Hara
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Kawashima M, Juvet SC. The role of innate immunity in the long-term outcome of lung transplantation. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:412. [PMID: 32355856 PMCID: PMC7186608 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.03.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Long-term survival after lung transplantation remains suboptimal due to chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD), a progressive scarring process affecting the graft. Although anti-donor alloimmunity is central to the pathogenesis of CLAD, its underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated and it is neither preventable nor treatable using currently available immunosuppression. Recent evidence has shown that innate immune stimuli are fundamental to the development of CLAD. Here, we examine long-standing assumptions and new concepts linking innate immune activation to late lung allograft fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuaki Kawashima
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen C Juvet
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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IL-27Rα: A Novel Molecular Imaging Marker for Allograft Rejection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041315. [PMID: 32075272 PMCID: PMC7072931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-invasively monitoring allogeneic graft rejection with a specific marker is of great importance for prognosis of patients. Recently, data revealed that IL-27Rα was up-regulated in alloreactive CD4+ T cells and participated in inflammatory diseases. Here, we evaluated whether IL-27Rα could be used in monitoring allogeneic graft rejection both in vitro and in vivo. Allogeneic (C57BL/6 donor to BALB/c recipient) and syngeneic (BALB/c both as donor and recipient) skin grafted mouse models were established. The expression of IL-27Rα in grafts was detected. The radio-probe, 125I-anti-IL-27Rα mAb, was prepared. Dynamic whole-body phosphor-autoradiography, ex vivo biodistribution and immunofluorescence staining were performed. The results showed that the highest expression of IL-27Rα was detected in allogeneic grafts on day 10 post transplantation (top period of allorejection). 125I-anti-IL-27Rα mAb was successfully prepared with higher specificity and affinity. Whole-body phosphor-autoradiography showed higher radioactivity accumulation in allogeneic grafts than syngeneic grafts on day 10. The uptake of 125I-anti-IL-27Rα mAb in allogeneic grafts could be almost totally blocked by pre-injection with excess unlabeled anti-IL-27Rα mAb. Interestingly, we found that 125I-anti-IL-27Rα mAb accumulated in allogeneic grafts, along with weaker inflammation earlier on day 6. The high uptake of 125I-anti-IL-27Rα mAb was correlated with the higher infiltrated IL-27Rα positive cells (CD3+/CD68+) in allogeneic grafts. In conclusion, IL-27Rα may be a novel molecular imaging marker to predict allorejection.
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Yoon D, Cho YS, Joo SY, Seo CH, Cho YS. A clinical trial with a novel collagen dermal substitute for wound healing in burn patients. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:823-829. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01209e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Biomechanical properties of new dermal replacement were very similar than commercial products. Also this replacement can be used for skin regeneration for burn wounds. Therefore, we suggest that new dermal replacement can be used in the medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dogeon Yoon
- Burn Institute
- Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital
- College of Medicine
- Hallym University
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Soo Cho
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- Burn center
- Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital
- College of Medicine
- Hallym University
| | - So Young Joo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- Burn center
- Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital
- College of Medicine
- Hallym University
| | - Cheong Hoon Seo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- Burn center
- Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital
- College of Medicine
- Hallym University
| | - Yong Suk Cho
- Department of Surgery
- Burn center
- Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital
- College of Medicine
- Hallym University
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Petrara MR, Serraino D, Di Bella C, Neri F, Del Bianco P, Brutti M, Carmona F, Ballin G, Zanini S, Rigotti P, Furian L, De Rossi A. Immune activation, immune senescence and levels of Epstein Barr Virus in kidney transplant patients: Impact of mTOR inhibitors. Cancer Lett 2020; 469:323-331. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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40
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Ochando J, Fayad ZA, Madsen JC, Netea MG, Mulder WJM. Trained immunity in organ transplantation. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:10-18. [PMID: 31561273 PMCID: PMC6940521 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Consistent induction of donor-specific unresponsiveness in the absence of continuous immunosuppressive therapy and toxic effects remains a difficult task in clinical organ transplantation. Transplant immunologists have developed numerous experimental treatments that target antigen-presentation (signal 1), costimulation (signal 2), and cytokine production (signal 3) to establish transplantation tolerance. While promising results have been obtained using therapeutic approaches that predominantly target the adaptive immune response, the long-term graft survival rates remain suboptimal. This suggests the existence of unrecognized allograft rejection mechanisms that contribute to organ failure. We postulate that trained immunity stimulatory pathways are critical to the immune response that mediates graft loss. Trained immunity is a recently discovered functional program of the innate immune system, which is characterized by nonpermanent epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming of macrophages. Since trained macrophages upregulate costimulatory molecules (signal 2) and produce pro-inflammatory cytokines (signal 3), they contribute to potent graft reactive immune responses and organ transplant rejection. In this review, we summarize the detrimental effects of trained immunity in the context of organ transplantation and describe pathways that induce macrophage training associated with graft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Ochando
- Department of Oncological SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew York,Transplant Immunology UnitNational Center of MicrobiologyInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Zahi A. Fayad
- Department of RadiologyTranslational and Molecular Imaging InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew York
| | - Joren C. Madsen
- Center for Transplantation Sciences and Division of Cardiac SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusetts
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious DiseasesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands,Department for Genomics & ImmunoregulationLife and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES)University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Willem J. M. Mulder
- Department of Oncological SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew York,Department of RadiologyTranslational and Molecular Imaging InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew York,Laboratory of Chemical BiologyDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringInstitute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
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41
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Santacroce L, Mavaddati S, Hamedi J, Zeinali B, Ballini A, Bilancia M. Expressive Analysis of Gut Microbiota in Pre- and Post- Solid Organ Transplantation Using Bayesian Topic Models. COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE AND ITS APPLICATIONS – ICCSA 2020 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-58811-3_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kim HJ, Moon JH, Chung H, Shin JS, Kim B, Kim JM, Kim JS, Yoon IH, Min BH, Kang SJ, Kim YH, Jo K, Choi J, Chae H, Lee WW, Kim S, Park CG. Bioinformatic analysis of peripheral blood RNA-sequencing sensitively detects the cause of late graft loss following overt hyperglycemia in pig-to-nonhuman primate islet xenotransplantation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18835. [PMID: 31827198 PMCID: PMC6906328 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55417-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical islet transplantation has recently been a promising treatment option for intractable type 1 diabetes patients. Although early graft loss has been well studied and controlled, the mechanisms of late graft loss largely remains obscure. Since long-term islet graft survival had not been achieved in islet xenotransplantation, it has been impossible to explore the mechanism of late islet graft loss. Fortunately, recent advances where consistent long-term survival (≥6 months) of adult porcine islet grafts was achieved in five independent, diabetic nonhuman primates (NHPs) enabled us to investigate on the late graft loss. Regardless of the conventional immune monitoring methods applied in the post-transplant period, the initiation of late graft loss could rarely be detected before the overt graft loss observed via uncontrolled blood glucose level. Thus, we retrospectively analyzed the gene expression profiles in 2 rhesus monkey recipients using peripheral blood RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data to find out the potential cause(s) of late graft loss. Bioinformatic analyses showed that highly relevant immunological pathways were activated in the animal which experienced late graft failure. Further connectivity analyses revealed that the activation of T cell signaling pathways was the most prominent, suggesting that T cell-mediated graft rejection could be the cause of the late-phase islet loss. Indeed, the porcine islets in the biopsied monkey liver samples were heavily infiltrated with CD3+ T cells. Furthermore, hypothesis test using a computational experiment reinforced our conclusion. Taken together, we suggest that bioinformatics analyses with peripheral blood RNA-seq could unveil the cause of insidious late islet graft loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Je Kim
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Dermatology and the Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ji Hwan Moon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Hyunwoo Chung
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Seop Shin
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongi Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Kim
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Sik Kim
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Hee Yoon
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Hoon Min
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jun Kang
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hee Kim
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuri Jo
- Department of Computer Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Joungmin Choi
- Division of Computer Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejoon Chae
- Division of Computer Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Woo Lee
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Bioinformatics Institute, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chung-Gyu Park
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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43
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Zhang Y, Shen S, Zhao G, Xu CF, Zhang HB, Luo YL, Cao ZT, Shi J, Zhao ZB, Lian ZX, Wang J. In situ repurposing of dendritic cells with CRISPR/Cas9-based nanomedicine to induce transplant tolerance. Biomaterials 2019; 217:119302. [PMID: 31271858 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Organ transplantation is the only effective method to treat end-stage organ failure. However, it is continuously plagued by immune rejection, which is mostly caused by T cell-mediated reactions. Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells, and blocking the costimulatory signaling molecule CD40 in DCs inhibits T cell activation and induces transplant tolerance. In this study, to relieve graft rejection, Cas9 mRNA (mCas9) and a guide RNA targeting the costimulatory molecule CD40 (gCD40) were prepared and encapsulated into poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PEG-b-PLGA)-based cationic lipid-assisted nanoparticles (CLAN), denoted CLANmCas9/gCD40. CLAN effectively delivered mCas9/gCD40 into DCs and disrupted CD40 in DCs at the genomic level both in vitro and in vivo. After intravenous injection into an acute mouse skin transplant model, CLANmCas9/gCD40-mediated CD40 disruption significantly inhibited T cell activation, which reduced graft damage and prolonged graft survival. This work provides a promising strategy for reprogramming DCs with nanoparticles carrying the CRISPR/Cas9 system to abate transplant rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, PR China
| | - Song Shen
- Chronic Disease Laboratory, Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Gui Zhao
- Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, PR China
| | - Cong-Fei Xu
- Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Chronic Disease Laboratory, Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Hou-Bing Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, PR China
| | - Ying-Li Luo
- Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zhi-Ting Cao
- Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jia Shi
- Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zhi-Bin Zhao
- Chronic Disease Laboratory, Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zhe-Xiong Lian
- Chronic Disease Laboratory, Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, PR China.
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44
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Dangi A, Yu S, Luo X. Apoptotic cell-based therapies for promoting transplantation tolerance. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2019; 23:552-558. [PMID: 30024416 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article is aimed to provide readers with an updated review on the applicability, efficacy, and challenges of employing donor apoptotic cell-based therapies to promote transplantation tolerance in various experimental and clinical settings. RECENT FINDINGS Recently, donor apoptotic cell-based therapies have been employed in various models of cell (including pancreatic islets and bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells) and solid organ (heart and kidney) transplantation to promote donor-specific tolerance. Published data, thus far, have revealed a high potential of this approach in inducing robust transplantation tolerance. Recent clinical trials have also underscored the safety and potential efficacy of this approach in alleviating graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Host factors including prior allo-sensitization and opportunistic infections pose major obstacles in establishing transplantation tolerance employing this strategy. However, emerging data provide strategies for overcoming such obstacles in these clinically relevant settings. SUMMARY Donor apoptotic cell therapy is an emerging strategy in promoting transplantation tolerance, with recent data emphasizing its efficacy and applicability for transplantation tolerance in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Dangi
- Center for Kidney Research and Therapeutics, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute.,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine
| | - Shuangjin Yu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine
| | - Xunrong Luo
- Center for Kidney Research and Therapeutics, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute.,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine.,Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ilinois, USA
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Frascoli M, Coniglio L, Witt R, Jeanty C, Fleck-Derderian S, Myers DE, Lee TH, Keating S, Busch MP, Norris PJ, Tang Q, Cruz G, Barcellos LF, Gomez-Lopez N, Romero R, MacKenzie TC. Alloreactive fetal T cells promote uterine contractility in preterm labor via IFN-γ and TNF-α. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/438/eaan2263. [PMID: 29695455 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan2263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Healthy pregnancy is the most successful form of graft tolerance, whereas preterm labor (PTL) may represent a breakdown in maternal-fetal tolerance. Although maternal immune responses have been implicated in pregnancy complications, fetal immune responses against maternal antigens are often not considered. To examine the fetal immune system in the relevant clinical setting, we analyzed maternal and cord blood in patients with PTL and healthy term controls. We report here that the cord blood of preterm infants has higher amounts of inflammatory cytokines and a greater activation of dendritic cells. Moreover, preterm cord blood is characterized by the presence of a population of central memory cells with a type 1 T helper phenotype, which is absent in term infants, and an increase in maternal microchimerism. T cells from preterm infants mount a robust proliferative, proinflammatory response to maternal antigens compared to term infants yet fail to respond to third-party antigens. Furthermore, we show that T cells from preterm infants stimulate uterine myometrial contractility through interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α. In parallel, we found that adoptive transfer of activated T cells directly into mouse fetuses resulted in pregnancy loss. Our findings indicate that fetal inflammation and rejection of maternal antigens can contribute to the signaling cascade that promotes uterine contractility and that aberrant fetal immune responses should be considered in the pathogenesis of PTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Frascoli
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Lacy Coniglio
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Russell Witt
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Cerine Jeanty
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Dana E Myers
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tzong-Hae Lee
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Sheila Keating
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Michael P Busch
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Philip J Norris
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Qizhi Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Giovanna Cruz
- Division of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Lisa F Barcellos
- Division of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)/National Institutes of Health (NIH)/U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)/National Institutes of Health (NIH)/U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Tippi C MacKenzie
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. .,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Center for Maternal-Fetal Precision Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Knox J, Watson E, Fidelman N, Taylor AG, Kolli K, Lehrman E, Kohlbrenner R, Kohi MP. Outcomes after Peripancreatic Fluid Drainage in Patients with Simultaneous Pancreas-Kidney Transplantation. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2019; 30:918-921. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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47
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Evidence for the important role of inflammation in xenotransplantation. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2019; 16:10. [PMID: 31148951 PMCID: PMC6537172 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-019-0213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence of a sustained state of systemic inflammation after pig-to-nonhuman primate (NHP) xenotransplantation (that has been termed systemic inflammation in xenograft recipients [SIXR]). Increases in inflammatory markers, e.g., C-reactive protein, histones, serum amyloid A, D-dimer, cytokines, chemokines, and a decrease in free triiodothyronine, have been demonstrated in the recipient NHPs. The complex interactions between inflammation, coagulation, and the immune response are well-recognized, but the role of inflammation in xenograft recipients is not fully understood. The evidence suggests that inflammation can promote the activation of coagulation and the adaptive immune response, but the exact mechanisms remain uncertain. If prolonged xenograft survival is to be achieved, anti-inflammatory strategies (e.g., the administration of anti-inflammatory agents, and/or the generation of genetically-engineered organ-source pigs that are protected from the effect of inflammation) may be necessary to prevent, control, or negate the effect of the systemic inflammation that develops in xenograft recipients. This may allow for a reduction in the intensity of exogenous immunosuppressive therapy. If immunological tolerance to a xenograft is to be obtained, then control of inflammation may be essential.
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48
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Li L, Chen X, Zhang Y, Li Q, Qi C, Fei X, Zheng F, Gong F, Fang M. Toll-like receptor 2 deficiency promotes the generation of alloreactive Th17 cells after cardiac transplantation in mice. Cell Immunol 2019; 338:9-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Akbarpour M, Bharat A. Lung Injury and Loss of Regulatory T Cells Primes for Lung-Restricted Autoimmunity. Crit Rev Immunol 2019; 37:23-37. [PMID: 29431077 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2017024944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lung transplantation is a life-saving therapy for several end-stage lung diseases. However, lung allografts suffer from the lowest survival rate predominantly due to rejection. The pathogenesis of alloimmunity and its role in allograft rejection has been extensively studied and multiple approaches have been described to induce tolerance. However, in the context of lung transplantation, dysregulation of mechanisms, which maintain tolerance against self-antigens, can lead to lung-restricted autoimmunity, which has been recently identified to drive the immunopathogenesis of allograft rejection. Indeed, both preexisting as well as de novo lung-restricted autoimmunity can play a major role in the development of lung allograft rejection. The three most widely studied lung-restricted self-antigens include collagen type I, collagen type V, and k-alpha 1 tubulin. In this review, we discuss the role of lung-restricted autoimmunity in the development of both early as well as late lung allograft rejection and recent literature providing insight into the development of lung-restricted autoimmunity through the dysfunction of immune mechanisms which maintain peripheral tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahzad Akbarpour
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ankit Bharat
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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50
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Choi MY, Wee YM, Kim YH, Shin S, Yoo SE, Han DJ. Novel colchicine derivatives enhance graft survival after transplantation via suppression of T-cell differentiation and activity. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:12436-12449. [PMID: 30848508 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Immunosuppressants are crucial in organ transplantation but their side effects are a trade-off for long-term use. Colchicine has been shown to be effective in various diseases, albeit with many side effects. To enhance the immunosuppressive effects of colchicine, in addition to minimizing its side effects, we attempted to synthesize new colchicine derivatives (KR compounds). In rat cardiac and pancreatic islet allograft, long-term graft survival was identified in KR compound-treated groups. The use of cyclosporine A (CsA) or colchicine inhibited the CD3+ and CD4+ T-cell proliferation, whereas KR compounds inhibited the CD8+ T cells as well as CD4+ T cells. KR compounds reduced the apoptosis, interleukin-2 receptor expression, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 phosphorylation more than CsA. These results indicate that KR compounds have a potential therapeutic value as novel agents for prevention of graft deterioration by allograft of rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica-Y Choi
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu-Mee Wee
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yang-Hee Kim
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Shin
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Yoo
- Department of New Drug Discovery, Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Duck-Jong Han
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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