1
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Keeley O, Coyne AN. Nuclear and degradative functions of the ESCRT-III pathway: implications for neurodegenerative disease. Nucleus 2024; 15:2349085. [PMID: 38700207 PMCID: PMC11073439 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2024.2349085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The ESCRT machinery plays a pivotal role in membrane-remodeling events across multiple cellular processes including nuclear envelope repair and reformation, nuclear pore complex surveillance, endolysosomal trafficking, and neuronal pruning. Alterations in ESCRT-III functionality have been associated with neurodegenerative diseases including Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). In addition, mutations in specific ESCRT-III proteins have been identified in FTD/ALS. Thus, understanding how disruptions in the fundamental functions of this pathway and its individual protein components in the human central nervous system (CNS) may offer valuable insights into mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis and identification of potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we discuss ESCRT components, dynamics, and functions, with a focus on the ESCRT-III pathway. In addition, we explore the implications of altered ESCRT-III function for neurodegeneration with a primary emphasis on nuclear surveillance and endolysosomal trafficking within the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Keeley
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alyssa N. Coyne
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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2
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Pan S, Gries K, Engel BD, Schroda M, Haselwandter CA, Scheuring S. The cyanobacterial protein VIPP1 forms ESCRT-III-like structures on lipid bilayers. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2024:10.1038/s41594-024-01367-7. [PMID: 39060677 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-024-01367-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The biogenesis and maintenance of thylakoid membranes require vesicle-inducing protein in plastids 1 (VIPP1). VIPP1 is a member of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport-III (ESCRT-III) superfamily, whose members form diverse filament-based supramolecular structures that facilitate membrane deformation and fission. VIPP1 cryo-electron microscopy (EM) structures in solution revealed helical rods and baskets of stacked rings, with amphipathic membrane-binding domains in the lumen. However, how VIPP1 interacts with membranes remains largely unknown. Here, using high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM), we show that VIPP1 assembles into right-handed chiral spirals and regular polygons on supported lipid bilayers via ESCRT-III-like filament assembly and dynamics. VIPP1 filaments grow clockwise into spirals through polymerization at a ring-shaped central polymerization hub, and into polygons through clockwise polymerization at the sector peripheries. Interestingly, VIPP1 initially forms Archimedean spirals, which upon maturation transform into logarithmic spirals through lateral annealing of strands to the outermore low-curvature spiral turns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichen Pan
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karin Gries
- Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | - Michael Schroda
- Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Christoph A Haselwandter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Simon Scheuring
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, New York, NY, USA.
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, New York, NY, USA.
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3
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Zhao W, Li K, Li L, Wang R, Lei Y, Yang H, Sun L. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes as Drug Delivery Vehicles in Disease Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7715. [PMID: 39062956 PMCID: PMC11277139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small vesicles containing proteins, nucleic acids, and biological lipids, which are responsible for intercellular communication. Studies have shown that exosomes can be utilized as effective drug delivery vehicles to accurately deliver therapeutic substances to target tissues, enhancing therapeutic effects and reducing side effects. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a class of stem cells widely used for tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and immunotherapy. Exosomes derived from MSCs have special immunomodulatory functions, low immunogenicity, the ability to penetrate tumor tissues, and high yield, which are expected to be engineered into efficient drug delivery systems. Despite the promising promise of MSC-derived exosomes, exploring their optimal preparation methods, drug-loading modalities, and therapeutic potential remains challenging. Therefore, this article reviews the related characteristics, preparation methods, application, and potential risks of MSC-derived exosomes as drug delivery systems in order to find potential therapeutic breakthroughs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhe Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment in Special Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (W.Z.); (K.L.); (L.L.); (R.W.); (Y.L.)
- Dongguan Sanhang Innovation Institute, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Kaixuan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment in Special Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (W.Z.); (K.L.); (L.L.); (R.W.); (Y.L.)
- Dongguan Sanhang Innovation Institute, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Liangbo Li
- School of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment in Special Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (W.Z.); (K.L.); (L.L.); (R.W.); (Y.L.)
- Dongguan Sanhang Innovation Institute, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Ruichen Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment in Special Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (W.Z.); (K.L.); (L.L.); (R.W.); (Y.L.)
- Dongguan Sanhang Innovation Institute, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yang Lei
- School of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment in Special Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (W.Z.); (K.L.); (L.L.); (R.W.); (Y.L.)
- Dongguan Sanhang Innovation Institute, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment in Special Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (W.Z.); (K.L.); (L.L.); (R.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Leming Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment in Special Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (W.Z.); (K.L.); (L.L.); (R.W.); (Y.L.)
- Dongguan Sanhang Innovation Institute, Dongguan 523808, China
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4
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Bentz M, Collet L, Morel V, Descamps V, Blanchard E, Lambert C, Demey B, Brochot E, Helle F. The Conserved YPX 3L Motif in the BK Polyomavirus VP1 Protein Is Important for Viral Particle Assembly but Not for Its Secretion into Extracellular Vesicles. Viruses 2024; 16:1124. [PMID: 39066286 PMCID: PMC11281352 DOI: 10.3390/v16071124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) is a small DNA non-enveloped virus whose infection is asymptomatic in most of the world's adult population. However, in cases of immunosuppression, the reactivation of the virus can cause various complications, and in particular, nephropathies in kidney transplant recipients or hemorrhagic cystitis in bone marrow transplant recipients. Recently, it was demonstrated that BKPyV virions can use extracellular vesicles to collectively traffic in and out of cells, thus exiting producing cells without cell lysis and entering target cells by diversified entry routes. By a comparison to other naked viruses, we investigated the possibility that BKPyV virions recruit the Endosomal-Sorting Complexes Required for Transport (ESCRT) machinery through late domains in order to hijack extracellular vesicles. We identified a single potential late domain in the BKPyV structural proteins, a YPX3L motif in the VP1 protein, and used pseudovirions to study the effect of point mutations found in a BKPyV clinical isolate or known to ablate the interaction of such a domain with the ESCRT machinery. Our results suggest that this domain is not involved in BKPyV association with extracellular vesicles but is crucial for capsomere interaction and thus viral particle assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Bentz
- UR UPJV4294, Agents Infectieux, Résistance et Chimiothérapie (AGIR), Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France (L.C.); (V.M.); (V.D.); (B.D.); (E.B.)
| | - Louison Collet
- UR UPJV4294, Agents Infectieux, Résistance et Chimiothérapie (AGIR), Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France (L.C.); (V.M.); (V.D.); (B.D.); (E.B.)
| | - Virginie Morel
- UR UPJV4294, Agents Infectieux, Résistance et Chimiothérapie (AGIR), Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France (L.C.); (V.M.); (V.D.); (B.D.); (E.B.)
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 80054 Amiens, France
| | - Véronique Descamps
- UR UPJV4294, Agents Infectieux, Résistance et Chimiothérapie (AGIR), Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France (L.C.); (V.M.); (V.D.); (B.D.); (E.B.)
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 80054 Amiens, France
| | - Emmanuelle Blanchard
- INSERM U1259, Université de Tours et CHU de Tours, 37032 Tours, France;
- Plateforme IBiSA de Microscopie Electronique, Université de Tours et CHU de Tours, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Caroline Lambert
- UR UPJV4294, Agents Infectieux, Résistance et Chimiothérapie (AGIR), Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France (L.C.); (V.M.); (V.D.); (B.D.); (E.B.)
| | - Baptiste Demey
- UR UPJV4294, Agents Infectieux, Résistance et Chimiothérapie (AGIR), Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France (L.C.); (V.M.); (V.D.); (B.D.); (E.B.)
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 80054 Amiens, France
| | - Etienne Brochot
- UR UPJV4294, Agents Infectieux, Résistance et Chimiothérapie (AGIR), Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France (L.C.); (V.M.); (V.D.); (B.D.); (E.B.)
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 80054 Amiens, France
| | - Francois Helle
- UR UPJV4294, Agents Infectieux, Résistance et Chimiothérapie (AGIR), Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France (L.C.); (V.M.); (V.D.); (B.D.); (E.B.)
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5
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Westensee IN, de Dios Andres P, Brodszkij E, Descours PL, Perez-Rodriguez D, Spinazzola A, Mookerjee RP, Städler B. Engineered Lipids for Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging in Steatotic Hepatocytes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400816. [PMID: 38949047 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in steatotic cells pose a problem due to their potential to cause oxidative stress and cellular damage. Delivering engineered phospholipids to intracellular lipid droplets in steatotic hepatic cells, using the cell's inherent intracellular lipid transport mechanisms are investigated. Initially, it is shown that tail-labeled fluorescent lipids assembled into liposomes are able to be transported to intracellular lipid droplets in steatotic HepG2 cells and HHL-5 cells. Further, an antioxidant, an EUK salen-manganese derivative, which has superoxide dismutase-like and catalase-like activity, is covalently conjugated to the tail of a phospholipid and formulated as liposomes for administration. Steatotic HepG2 cells and HHL-5 cells incubated with these antioxidant liposomes have lower intracellular ROS levels compared to untreated controls and non-covalently formulated antioxidants. This first proof-of-concept study illustrates an alternative strategy to equip native organelles in mammalian cells with engineered enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella N Westensee
- Interdisciplinarly Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Paula de Dios Andres
- Interdisciplinarly Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Edit Brodszkij
- Interdisciplinarly Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Pierre-Louis Descours
- Interdisciplinarly Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Diego Perez-Rodriguez
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Royal Free Campus, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Antonella Spinazzola
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Royal Free Campus, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Rajeshwar Prosad Mookerjee
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, Hampstead, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Brigitte Städler
- Interdisciplinarly Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
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6
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Ergün S, Aslan S, Demir D, Kayaoğlu S, Saydam M, Keleş Y, Kolcuoğlu D, Taşkurt Hekim N, Güneş S. Beyond Death: Unmasking the Intricacies of Apoptosis Escape. Mol Diagn Ther 2024; 28:403-423. [PMID: 38890247 PMCID: PMC11211167 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-024-00718-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, maintains tissue homeostasis by eliminating damaged or unnecessary cells. However, cells can evade this process, contributing to conditions such as cancer. Escape mechanisms include anoikis, mitochondrial DNA depletion, cellular FLICE inhibitory protein (c-FLIP), endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT), mitotic slippage, anastasis, and blebbishield formation. Anoikis, triggered by cell detachment from the extracellular matrix, is pivotal in cancer research due to its role in cellular survival and metastasis. Mitochondrial DNA depletion, associated with cellular dysfunction and diseases such as breast and prostate cancer, links to apoptosis resistance. The c-FLIP protein family, notably CFLAR, regulates cell death processes as a truncated caspase-8 form. The ESCRT complex aids apoptosis evasion by repairing intracellular damage through increased Ca2+ levels. Antimitotic agents induce mitotic arrest in cancer treatment but can lead to mitotic slippage and tetraploid cell formation. Anastasis allows cells to resist apoptosis induced by various triggers. Blebbishield formation suppresses apoptosis indirectly in cancer stem cells by transforming apoptotic cells into blebbishields. In conclusion, the future of apoptosis research offers exciting possibilities for innovative therapeutic approaches, enhanced diagnostic tools, and a deeper understanding of the complex biological processes that govern cell fate. Collaborative efforts across disciplines, including molecular biology, genetics, immunology, and bioinformatics, will be essential to realize these prospects and improve patient outcomes in diverse disease contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sercan Ergün
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.
- Department of Multidisciplinary Molecular Medicine, Institute of Graduate Studies, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Senanur Aslan
- Department of Multidisciplinary Molecular Medicine, Institute of Graduate Studies, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Dilbeste Demir
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Sümeyye Kayaoğlu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Mevsim Saydam
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Yeda Keleş
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Damla Kolcuoğlu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Taşkurt Hekim
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
- Department of Multidisciplinary Molecular Medicine, Institute of Graduate Studies, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Sezgin Güneş
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
- Department of Multidisciplinary Molecular Medicine, Institute of Graduate Studies, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
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7
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Mosesso N, Lerner NS, Bläske T, Groh F, Maguire S, Niedermeier ML, Landwehr E, Vogel K, Meergans K, Nagel MK, Drescher M, Stengel F, Hauser K, Isono E. Arabidopsis CaLB1 undergoes phase separation with the ESCRT protein ALIX and modulates autophagosome maturation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5188. [PMID: 38898014 PMCID: PMC11187125 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49485-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is relevant for diverse processes in eukaryotic cells, making its regulation of fundamental importance. The formation and maturation of autophagosomes require a complex choreography of numerous factors. The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) is implicated in the final step of autophagosomal maturation by sealing of the phagophore membrane. ESCRT-III components were shown to mediate membrane scission by forming filaments that interact with cellular membranes. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the recruitment of ESCRTs to non-endosomal membranes remain largely unknown. Here we focus on the ESCRT-associated protein ALG2-interacting protein X (ALIX) and identify Ca2+-dependent lipid binding protein 1 (CaLB1) as its interactor. Our findings demonstrate that CaLB1 interacts with AUTOPHAGY8 (ATG8) and PI(3)P, a phospholipid found in autophagosomal membranes. Moreover, CaLB1 and ALIX localize with ATG8 on autophagosomes upon salt treatment and assemble together into condensates. The depletion of CaLB1 impacts the maturation of salt-induced autophagosomes and leads to reduced delivery of autophagosomes to the vacuole. Here, we propose a crucial role of CaLB1 in augmenting phase separation of ALIX, facilitating the recruitment of ESCRT-III to the site of phagophore closure thereby ensuring efficient maturation of autophagosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Mosesso
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Niharika Savant Lerner
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Tobias Bläske
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Felix Groh
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Shane Maguire
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
- Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Marie Laura Niedermeier
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
- Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Eliane Landwehr
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
- Spectroscopy of Complex Systems, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Karin Vogel
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Konstanze Meergans
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Marie-Kristin Nagel
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Malte Drescher
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
- Spectroscopy of Complex Systems, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Florian Stengel
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
- Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Karin Hauser
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
- Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Erika Isono
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585 Aichi, Japan.
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8
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Tiwari PK, Shanmugam P, Karn V, Gupta S, Mishra R, Rustagi S, Chouhan M, Verma D, Jha NK, Kumar S. Extracellular Vesicular miRNA in Pancreatic Cancer: From Lab to Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2179. [PMID: 38927885 PMCID: PMC11201547 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16122179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a prevalent lethal gastrointestinal cancer that generally does not show any symptoms until it reaches advanced stages, resulting in a high mortality rate. People at high risk, such as those with a family history or chronic pancreatitis, do not have a universally accepted screening protocol. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy demonstrate limited effectiveness in the management of pancreatic cancer, emphasizing the urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies. Recent studies indicated that the complex interaction among pancreatic cancer cells within the dynamic microenvironment, comprising the extracellular matrix, cancer-associated cells, and diverse immune cells, intricately regulates the biological characteristics of the disease. Additionally, mounting evidence suggests that EVs play a crucial role as mediators in intercellular communication by the transportation of different biomolecules, such as miRNA, proteins, DNA, mRNA, and lipids, between heterogeneous cell subpopulations. This communication mediated by EVs significantly impacts multiple aspects of pancreatic cancer pathogenesis, including proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. In this review, we delve into the pivotal role of EV-associated miRNAs in the progression, metastasis, and development of drug resistance in pancreatic cancer as well as their therapeutic potential as biomarkers and drug-delivery mechanisms for the management of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar Tiwari
- Biological and Bio-Computational Lab, Department of Life Science, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Poojhaa Shanmugam
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Mumbai 410206, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vamika Karn
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Mumbai 410206, Maharashtra, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Richa Mishra
- Department of Computer Engineering, Parul University, Ta. Waghodia, Vadodara 391760, Gujarat, India
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- School of Applied and Life science, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mandeep Chouhan
- Biological and Bio-Computational Lab, Department of Life Science, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Devvret Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
- School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Sharda School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Biological and Bio-Computational Lab, Department of Life Science, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
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9
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Knyazeva A, Li S, Corkery DP, Shankar K, Herzog LK, Zhang X, Singh B, Niggemeyer G, Grill D, Gilthorpe JD, Gaetani M, Carlson LA, Waldmann H, Wu YW. A chemical inhibitor of IST1-CHMP1B interaction impairs endosomal recycling and induces noncanonical LC3 lipidation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2317680121. [PMID: 38635626 PMCID: PMC11047075 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317680121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery constitutes multisubunit protein complexes that play an essential role in membrane remodeling and trafficking. ESCRTs regulate a wide array of cellular processes, including cytokinetic abscission, cargo sorting into multivesicular bodies (MVBs), membrane repair, and autophagy. Given the versatile functionality of ESCRTs, and the intricate organizational structure of the ESCRT machinery, the targeted modulation of distinct ESCRT complexes is considerably challenging. This study presents a pseudonatural product targeting IST1-CHMP1B within the ESCRT-III complexes. The compound specifically disrupts the interaction between IST1 and CHMP1B, thereby inhibiting the formation of IST1-CHMP1B copolymers essential for normal-topology membrane scission events. While the compound has no impact on cytokinesis, MVB sorting, or biogenesis of extracellular vesicles, it rapidly inhibits transferrin receptor recycling in cells, resulting in the accumulation of transferrin in stalled sorting endosomes. Stalled endosomes become decorated by lipidated LC3, suggesting a link between noncanonical LC3 lipidation and inhibition of the IST1-CHMP1B complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Knyazeva
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dale P. Corkery
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kasturika Shankar
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
- Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Laura K. Herzog
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
| | - Xuepei Zhang
- Chemical Proteomics Core Facility, Division of Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77Stockholm, Sweden
- Chemical Proteomics Unit, Science for Life Laboratory, 171 77Stockholm, Sweden
- Chemical Proteomics, Swedish National Infrastructure for Biological Mass Spectrometry, 171 77Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Birendra Singh
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Unit of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
| | - Georg Niggemeyer
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - David Grill
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Massimiliano Gaetani
- Chemical Proteomics Core Facility, Division of Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77Stockholm, Sweden
- Chemical Proteomics Unit, Science for Life Laboratory, 171 77Stockholm, Sweden
- Chemical Proteomics, Swedish National Infrastructure for Biological Mass Spectrometry, 171 77Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars-Anders Carlson
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
- Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Yao-Wen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
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10
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Sinitsky M, Repkin E, Sinitskaya A, Markova V, Shishkova D, Barbarash O. Proteomic Profiling of Endothelial Cells Exposed to Mitomycin C: Key Proteins and Pathways Underlying Genotoxic Stress-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4044. [PMID: 38612854 PMCID: PMC11011977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitomycin C (MMC)-induced genotoxic stress can be considered to be a novel trigger of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis-a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. Given the increasing genotoxic load on the human organism, the decryption of the molecular pathways underlying genotoxic stress-induced endothelial dysfunction could improve our understanding of the role of genotoxic stress in atherogenesis. Here, we performed a proteomic profiling of human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) and human internal thoracic endothelial cells (HITAECs) in vitro that were exposed to MMC to identify the biochemical pathways and proteins underlying genotoxic stress-induced endothelial dysfunction. We denoted 198 and 71 unique, differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the MMC-treated HCAECs and HITAECs, respectively; only 4 DEPs were identified in both the HCAECs and HITAECs. In the MMC-treated HCAECs, 44.5% of the DEPs were upregulated and 55.5% of the DEPs were downregulated, while in HITAECs, these percentages were 72% and 28%, respectively. The denoted DEPs are involved in the processes of nucleotides and RNA metabolism, vesicle-mediated transport, post-translation protein modification, cell cycle control, the transport of small molecules, transcription and signal transduction. The obtained results could improve our understanding of the fundamental basis of atherogenesis and help in the justification of genotoxic stress as a risk factor for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Sinitsky
- Laboratory of Genome Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Academician Barbarash Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Egor Repkin
- Centre for Molecular and Cell Technologies, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Embankment, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna Sinitskaya
- Laboratory of Genome Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Academician Barbarash Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Victoria Markova
- Laboratory for Molecular, Translation and Digital Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Academician Barbarash Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Daria Shishkova
- Laboratory for Molecular, Translation and Digital Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Academician Barbarash Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Olga Barbarash
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Academician Barbarash Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia
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11
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Kelley ME, Carlini L, Kornakov N, Aher A, Khodjakov A, Kapoor TM. Spastin regulates anaphase chromosome separation distance and microtubule-containing nuclear tunnels. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar48. [PMID: 38335450 PMCID: PMC11064660 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e24-01-0031-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nuclear envelope reassembly during the final stages of each mitosis depends on disassembling spindle microtubules without disrupting chromosome separation. This process involves the transient recruitment of the ESCRT-III complex and spastin, a microtubule-severing AAA (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) mechanoenzyme, to late-anaphase chromosomes. However, dissecting mechanisms underlying these rapid processes, which can be completed within minutes, has been difficult. Here, we combine fast-acting chemical inhibitors with live-cell imaging and find that spindle microtubules, along with spastin activity, regulate the number and lifetimes of spastin foci at anaphase chromosomes. Unexpectedly, spastin inhibition impedes chromosome separation, but does not alter the anaphase localization dynamics of CHMP4B, an ESCRT-III protein, or increase γ-H2AX foci, a DNA damage marker. We show spastin inhibition increases the frequency of lamin-lined nuclear microtunnels that can include microtubules penetrating the nucleus. Our findings suggest failure to sever spindle microtubules impedes chromosome separation, yet reforming nuclear envelopes can topologically accommodate persistent microtubules ensuring nuclear DNA is not damaged or exposed to cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Kelley
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Lina Carlini
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Nikolay Kornakov
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Amol Aher
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Alexey Khodjakov
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12237
| | - Tarun M. Kapoor
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
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12
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Xu S, Yang TJ, Xu S, Gong YN. Plasma membrane repair empowers the necrotic survivors as innate immune modulators. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:93-106. [PMID: 37648621 PMCID: PMC10872800 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane is crucial to the survival of animal cells, and damage to it can be lethal, often resulting in necrosis. However, cells possess multiple mechanisms for repairing the membrane, which allows them to maintain their integrity to some extent, and sometimes even survive. Interestingly, cells that survive a near-necrosis experience can recognize sub-lethal membrane damage and use it as a signal to secrete chemokines and cytokines, which activate the immune response. This review will present evidence of necrotic cell survival in both in vitro and in vivo systems, including in C. elegans, mouse models, and humans. We will also summarize the various membrane repair mechanisms cells use to maintain membrane integrity. Finally, we will propose a mathematical model to illustrate how near-death experiences can transform dying cells into innate immune modulators for their microenvironment. By utilizing their membrane repair activity, the biological effects of cell death can extend beyond the mere elimination of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Xu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Burn and Wound Repair of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; International Biomedicine-X Research Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and the Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, 718 East Haizhou Rd., Haining, Zhejiang 314400, China
| | - Tyler J Yang
- Departments of Biology and Advanced Placement Biology, White Station High School, Memphis, TN 38117, USA
| | - Suhong Xu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Burn and Wound Repair of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; International Biomedicine-X Research Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and the Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, 718 East Haizhou Rd., Haining, Zhejiang 314400, China.
| | - Yi-Nan Gong
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5115 Center Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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13
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Wang Q, Tan X, Wang Y, Zhang D, Li X, Liu S. The role of extracellular vesicles in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: Emerging mechanisms, potential therapeutics and biomarkers. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00110-3. [PMID: 38494073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), an emerging global healthcare problem, has become the leading cause of liver transplantation in recent decades. No effective therapies in the clinic have been proven due to the incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis of NASH, and further studies are expected to continue to delve into the mechanisms of NASH. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are small lipid membrane vesicles carrying proteins, microRNAs and other molecules, have been identified to play a vital role in cell-to-cell communication and are involved in the development and progression of various diseases. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the role of EVs in NASH. Many studies have revealed that EVs mediate important pathological processes in NASH, and the role of EVs in NASH is distinct and variable depending on their origin cells and target cells. This review outlines the emerging mechanisms of EVs in the development of NASH and the preclinical evidence related to stem cell-derived EVs as a potential therapeutic strategy for NASH. Moreover, possible strategies involving EVs as clinical diagnostic, staging and prognostic biomarkers for NASH are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianrong Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangning Tan
- Department of endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, 421001 Hunan Province, China
| | - Yu Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Danyi Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xia Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Shanshan Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
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14
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Makarova KS, Tobiasson V, Wolf YI, Lu Z, Liu Y, Zhang S, Krupovic M, Li M, Koonin EV. Diversity, origin, and evolution of the ESCRT systems. mBio 2024; 15:e0033524. [PMID: 38380930 PMCID: PMC10936438 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00335-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) play key roles in protein sorting between membrane-bounded compartments of eukaryotic cells. Homologs of many ESCRT components are identifiable in various groups of archaea, especially in Asgardarchaeota, the archaeal phylum that is currently considered to include the closest relatives of eukaryotes, but not in bacteria. We performed a comprehensive search for ESCRT protein homologs in archaea and reconstructed ESCRT evolution using the phylogenetic tree of Vps4 ATPase (ESCRT IV) as a scaffold and using sensitive protein sequence analysis and comparison of structural models to identify previously unknown ESCRT proteins. Several distinct groups of ESCRT systems in archaea outside of Asgard were identified, including proteins structurally similar to ESCRT-I and ESCRT-II, and several other domains involved in protein sorting in eukaryotes, suggesting an early origin of these components. Additionally, distant homologs of CdvA proteins were identified in Thermoproteales which are likely components of the uncharacterized cell division system in these archaea. We propose an evolutionary scenario for the origin of eukaryotic and Asgard ESCRT complexes from ancestral building blocks, namely, the Vps4 ATPase, ESCRT-III components, wH (winged helix-turn-helix fold) and possibly also coiled-coil, and Vps28-like domains. The last archaeal common ancestor likely encompassed a complex ESCRT system that was involved in protein sorting. Subsequent evolution involved either simplification, as in the TACK superphylum, where ESCRT was co-opted for cell division, or complexification as in Asgardarchaeota. In Asgardarchaeota, the connection between ESCRT and the ubiquitin system that was previously considered a eukaryotic signature was already established.IMPORTANCEAll eukaryotic cells possess complex intracellular membrane organization. Endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) play a central role in membrane remodeling which is essential for cellular functionality in eukaryotes. Recently, it has been shown that Asgard archaea, the archaeal phylum that includes the closest known relatives of eukaryotes, encode homologs of many components of the ESCRT systems. We employed protein sequence and structure comparisons to reconstruct the evolution of ESCRT systems in archaea and identified several previously unknown homologs of ESCRT subunits, some of which can be predicted to participate in cell division. The results of this reconstruction indicate that the last archaeal common ancestor already encoded a complex ESCRT system that was involved in protein sorting. In Asgard archaea, ESCRT systems evolved toward greater complexity, and in particular, the connection between ESCRT and the ubiquitin system that was previously considered a eukaryotic signature was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira S. Makarova
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Victor Tobiasson
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuri I. Wolf
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhongyi Lu
- Archaeal Biology Center, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Archaeal Biology Center, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Archaeal Biology Center, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mart Krupovic
- Archaeal Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Meng Li
- Archaeal Biology Center, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Eugene V. Koonin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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15
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Bai L, Sun Y, Yue X, Ji N, Yan F, Yang T, Feng G, Guo Y, Li Z. Multifaceted interactions between host ESCRT-III and budded virus-related proteins involved in entry and egress of the baculovirus Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus. J Virol 2024; 98:e0190023. [PMID: 38289107 PMCID: PMC10878073 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01900-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) is a conserved protein machine mediating membrane remodeling and scission. In the context of viral infection, different components of the ESCRT-III complex, which serve as the core machinery to catalyze membrane fission, are involved in diverse viruses' entry, replication, and/or budding. However, the interplay between ESCRT-III and viral factors in the virus life cycle, especially for that of large enveloped DNA viruses, is largely unknown. Recently, the ESCRT-III components Vps2B, Vps20, Vps24, Snf7, Vps46, and Vps60 were determined for entry and/or egress of the baculovirus Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV). Here, we identified the final three ESCRT-III components Chm7, Ist1, and Vps2A of Spodoptera frugiperda. Overexpression of the dominant-negative forms of these proteins or RNAi downregulation of their transcripts significantly reduced infectious budded viruses (BVs) production of AcMNPV. Quantitative PCR together with confocal and transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that these proteins were required for internalization and trafficking of BV during entry and egress of nucleocapsids. In infected Sf9 cells, nine ESCRT-III components were distributed on the nuclear envelope and plasma membrane, and except for Chm7, the other components were also localized to the intranuclear ring zone. Y2H and BiFC analysis revealed that 42 out of 64 BV-related proteins including 35 BV structural proteins and 7 non-BV structural proteins interacted with single or multiple ESCRT-III components. By further mapping the interactome of 64 BV-related proteins, we established the interaction networks of ESCRT-III and the viral protein complexes involved in BV entry and egress.IMPORTANCEFrom archaea to eukaryotes, the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-III complex is hijacked by many enveloped and nonenveloped DNA or RNA viruses for efficient replication. However, the mechanism of ESCRT-III recruitment, especially for that of large enveloped DNA viruses, remains elusive. Recently, we found the ESCRT-III components Vps2B, Vps20, Vps24, Snf7, Vps46, and Vps60 are necessary for the entry and/or egress of budded viruses (BVs) of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus. Here, we demonstrated that the other three ESCRT-III components Chm7, Ist1, and Vps2A play similar roles in BV infection. By determining the subcellular localization of ESCRT-III components in infected cells and mapping the interaction of nine ESCRT-III components and 64 BV-related proteins, we built the interaction networks of ESCRT-III and the viral protein complexes involved in BV entry and egress. These studies provide a fundamental basis for understanding the mechanism of the ESCRT-mediated membrane remodeling for replication of baculoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaorong Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ning Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fanye Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guozhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ya Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhaofei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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16
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Makarova KS, Tobiasson V, Wolf YI, Lu Z, Liu Y, Zhang S, Krupovic M, Li M, Koonin EV. Diversity, Origin and Evolution of the ESCRT Systems. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.06.579148. [PMID: 38903064 PMCID: PMC11188069 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.06.579148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport (ESCRT) play key roles in protein sorting between membrane-bounded compartments of eukaryotic cells. Homologs of many ESCRT components are identifiable in various groups of archaea, especially in Asgardarchaeota, the archaeal phylum that is currently considered to include the closest relatives of eukaryotes, but not in bacteria. We performed a comprehensive search for ESCRT protein homologs in archaea and reconstructed ESCRT evolution using the phylogenetic tree of Vps4 ATPase (ESCRT IV) as a scaffold, using sensitive protein sequence analysis and comparison of structural models to identify previously unknown ESCRT proteins. Several distinct groups of ESCRT systems in archaea outside of Asgard were identified, including proteins structurally similar to ESCRT-I and ESCRT-II, and several other domains involved in protein sorting in eukaryotes, suggesting an early origin of these components. Additionally, distant homologs of CdvA proteins were identified in Thermoproteales which are likely components of the uncharacterized cell division system in these archaea. We propose an evolutionary scenario for the origin of eukaryotic and Asgard ESCRT complexes from ancestral building blocks, namely, the Vps4 ATPase, ESCRT-III components, wH (winged helix-turn-helix fold) and possibly also coiled-coil, and Vps28-like domains. The Last Archaeal Common Ancestor likely encompassed a complex ESCRT system that was involved in protein sorting. Subsequent evolution involved either simplification, as in the TACK superphylum, where ESCRT was co-opted for cell division, or complexification as in Asgardarchaeota. In Asgardarchaeota, the connection between ESCRT and the ubiquitin system that was previously considered a eukaryotic signature was already established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira S. Makarova
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Victor Tobiasson
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Yuri I. Wolf
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Zhongyi Lu
- Archaeal Biology Center, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Archaeal Biology Center, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Archaeal Biology Center, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Mart Krupovic
- Archaeal Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Meng Li
- Archaeal Biology Center, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Eugene V Koonin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
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17
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Efodili E, Knight A, Mirza M, Briones C, Lee IH. Spontaneous transfer of small peripheral peptides between supported lipid bilayer and giant unilamellar vesicles. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2024; 1866:184256. [PMID: 37989398 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2023.184256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Vesicular trafficking facilitates material transport between membrane-bound organelles. Membrane protein cargos are trafficked for relocation, recycling, and degradation during various physiological processes. In vitro fusion studies utilized synthetic lipid membranes to study the molecular mechanisms of vesicular trafficking and to develop synthetic materials mimicking the biological membrane trafficking. Various fusogenic conditions which can induce vesicular fusion have been used to establish synthetic systems that can mimic biological systems. Despite these efforts, the mechanisms underlying vesicular trafficking of membrane proteins remain limited and robust in vitro methods that can construct synthetic trafficking systems for membrane proteins between large membranes (>1 μm2) are unavailable. Here, we provide data to show the spontaneous transfer of small membrane-bound peptides (∼4 kD) between a supported lipid bilayer (SLB) and giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). We found that the contact between the SLB and GUVs led to the occasional but notable transfer of membrane-bound peptides in a physiological saline buffer condition (pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl). Quantitative and dynamic time-lapse analyses suggested that the observed exchange occurred through the formation of hemi-fusion stalks between the SLB and GUVs. Larger protein cargos with a size of ∼77 kD could not be transferred between the SLB and GUVs, suggesting that the larger-sized cargos limited diffusion across the hemi-fusion stalk, which was predicted to have a highly curved structure. Compositional study showed Ni-chelated lipid head group was the essential component catalyzing the process. Our system serves as an example synthetic platform that enables the investigation of small-peptide trafficking between synthetic membranes and reveals hemi-fused lipid bridge formation as a mechanism of peptide transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Efodili
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
| | - Ashlynn Knight
- Department of Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
| | - Maryem Mirza
- College of humanities and social sciences, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
| | - Cedric Briones
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
| | - Il-Hyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA.
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18
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Sakamoto M, Kurosawa K, Tanoue K, Iwama K, Ishida F, Watanabe Y, Okamoto N, Tsuchida N, Uchiyama Y, Koshimizu E, Fujita A, Misawa K, Miyatake S, Mizuguchi T, Matsumoto N. A heterozygous germline deletion within USP8 causes severe neurodevelopmental delay with multiorgan abnormalities. J Hum Genet 2024; 69:85-90. [PMID: 38030753 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-023-01209-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific protease 8 (USP8) is a deubiquitinating enzyme involved in deubiquitinating the enhanced epidermal growth factor receptor for escape from degradation. Somatic variants at a hotspot in USP8 are a cause of Cushing's disease, and a de novo germline USP8 variant at this hotspot has been described only once previously, in a girl with Cushing's disease and developmental delay. In this study, we investigated an exome-negative patient with severe developmental delay, dysmorphic features, and multiorgan dysfunction by long-read sequencing, and identified a 22-kb de novo germline deletion within USP8 (chr15:50469966-50491995 [GRCh38]). The deletion involved the variant hotspot, one rhodanese domain, and two SH3 binding motifs, and was presumed to be generated through nonallelic homologous recombination through Alu elements. Thus, the patient may have perturbation of the endosomal sorting system and mitochondrial autophagy through the USP8 defect. This is the second reported case of a germline variant in USP8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamune Sakamoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Rare Disease Genomics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenji Kurosawa
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Koji Tanoue
- Department of General Medicine, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Iwama
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- Perinatal Center for Maternity and Neonate, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Ishida
- Perinatal Center for Maternity and Neonate, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Watanabe
- Children's Medical Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Japan
| | - Naomi Tsuchida
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Rare Disease Genomics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuri Uchiyama
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Rare Disease Genomics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Eriko Koshimizu
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fujita
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuharu Misawa
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- Riken Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Miyatake
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mizuguchi
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
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19
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Bansal S, Rahman M, Ravichandran R, Canez J, Fleming T, Mohanakumar T. Extracellular Vesicles in Transplantation: Friend or Foe. Transplantation 2024; 108:374-385. [PMID: 37482627 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The long-term function of transplanted organs, even under immunosuppression, is hindered by rejection, especially chronic rejection. Chronic rejection occurs more frequently after lung transplantation, termed chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD), than after transplantation of other solid organs. Pulmonary infection is a known risk factor for CLAD, as transplanted lungs are constantly exposed to the external environment; however, the mechanisms by which respiratory infections lead to CLAD are poorly understood. The role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in transplantation remains largely unknown. Current evidence suggests that EVs released from transplanted organs can serve as friend and foe. EVs carry not only major histocompatibility complex antigens but also tissue-restricted self-antigens and various transcription factors, costimulatory molecules, and microRNAs capable of regulating alloimmune responses. EVs play an important role in antigen presentation by direct, indirect, and semidirect pathways in which CD8 and CD4 cells can be activated. During viral infections, exosomes (small EVs <200 nm in diameter) can express viral antigens and regulate immune responses. Circulating exosomes may also be a viable biomarker for other diseases and rejection after organ transplantation. Bioengineering the surface of exosomes has been proposed as a tool for targeted delivery of drugs and personalized medicine. This review focuses on recent studies demonstrating the role of EVs with a focus on exosomes and their dual role (immune activation or tolerance induction) after organ transplantation, more specifically, lung transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Bansal
- Norton Thoracic Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
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20
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Fang F, Yang J, Wang J, Li T, Wang E, Zhang D, Liu X, Zhou C. The role and applications of extracellular vesicles in osteoporosis. Bone Res 2024; 12:4. [PMID: 38263267 PMCID: PMC10806231 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00313-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a widely observed condition characterized by the systemic deterioration of bone mass and microarchitecture, which increases patient susceptibility to fragile fractures. The intricate mechanisms governing bone homeostasis are substantially impacted by extracellular vesicles (EVs), which play crucial roles in both pathological and physiological contexts. EVs derived from various sources exert distinct effects on osteoporosis. Specifically, EVs released by osteoblasts, endothelial cells, myocytes, and mesenchymal stem cells contribute to bone formation due to their unique cargo of proteins, miRNAs, and cytokines. Conversely, EVs secreted by osteoclasts and immune cells promote bone resorption and inhibit bone formation. Furthermore, the use of EVs as therapeutic modalities or biomaterials for diagnosing and managing osteoporosis is promising. Here, we review the current understanding of the impact of EVs on bone homeostasis, including the classification and biogenesis of EVs and the intricate regulatory mechanisms of EVs in osteoporosis. Furthermore, we present an overview of the latest research progress on diagnosing and treating osteoporosis by using EVs. Finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects of translational research on the use of EVs in osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiahe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Erxiang Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Demao Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Chenchen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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21
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Zhou YK, Han CS, Zhu ZL, Chen P, Wang YM, Lin S, Chen LJ, Zhuang ZM, Zhou YH, Yang RL. M2 exosomes modified by hydrogen sulfide promoted bone regeneration by moesin mediated endocytosis. Bioact Mater 2024; 31:192-205. [PMID: 37593496 PMCID: PMC10429289 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone defects caused by trauma or tumor led to high medical costs and poor life quality for patients. The exosomes, micro vesicles of 30-150 nm in diameter, derived from macrophages manipulated bone regeneration. However, the role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the biogenesis and function of exosomes and its effects on bone regeneration remains elusive. In this study, we used H2S slow releasing donor GYY4137 to stimulate macrophages and found that H2S promoted the polarization of M2 macrophages to increase bone regeneration of MSCs in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we developed the H2S pre-treated M2 macrophage exosomes and found these exosomes displayed significantly higher capacity to promote bone regeneration in calvarial bone defects by re-establishing the local immune microenvironment. Mechanically, H2S treatment altered the protein profile of exosomes derived from M2 macrophages. One of the significantly enriched exosomal proteins stimulated by H2S, moesin protein, facilitated the exosomes endocytosis into MSCs, leading to activated the β-catenin signaling pathway to promote osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. In summary, H2S pretreated M2 exosomes promoted the bone regeneration of MSCs via facilitating exosomes uptake by MSCs and activate β-catenin signaling pathway. This study not only provides new strategies for promoting bone regeneration, but also provides new insights for the effect and mechanism of exosomes internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-kun Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-shan Han
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-lu Zhu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-ming Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Lin
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Liu-jing Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-meng Zhuang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-heng Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-li Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
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22
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Dai J, Feng Y, Liao Y, Tan L, Sun Y, Song C, Qiu X, Ding C. ESCRT machinery and virus infection. Antiviral Res 2024; 221:105786. [PMID: 38147902 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery plays a significant role in the spread of human viruses. However, our understanding of how the host ESCRT machinery responds to viral infection remains limited. Emerging evidence suggests that the ESCRT machinery can be hijacked by viruses of different families to enhance their replication. Throughout their life cycle, these viruses can interfere with or exploit ESCRT-mediated physiological processes to increase their chances of infecting the host. In contrast, to counteract virus infection, the interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) or the E3 ISG15-protein ligase (HERC5) system within the infected cells is activated to degrade the ESCRT proteins. Many retroviral and RNA viral proteins have evolved "late (L) domain" motifs, which enable them to recruit host ESCRT subunit proteins to facilitate virus transport, replication, budding, mature, and even endocytosis, Therefore, the L domain motifs and ESCRT subunit proteins could serve as promising drug targets for antiviral therapy. This review investigated the composition and essential functions of the ESCRT, shedding light on the impact of ESCRT subunits and viral L domain motifs on the replication of viruses. Furthermore, the antiviral effects facilitated by the ESCRT machinery have been investigated, aiming to provide valuable insights to guide the development and utilization of antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dai
- Experimental Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563099, China; Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Yiyi Feng
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
| | - Ying Liao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Lei Tan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Cuiping Song
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Xusheng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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23
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Ogura M, Kaminishi T, Shima T, Torigata M, Bekku N, Tabata K, Minami S, Nishino K, Nezu A, Hamasaki M, Kosako H, Yoshimori T, Nakamura S. Microautophagy regulated by STK38 and GABARAPs is essential to repair lysosomes and prevent aging. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57300. [PMID: 37987447 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are degradative organelles and signaling hubs that maintain cell and tissue homeostasis, and lysosomal dysfunction is implicated in aging and reduced longevity. Lysosomes are frequently damaged, but their repair mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that damaged lysosomal membranes are repaired by microautophagy (a process termed "microlysophagy") and identify key regulators of the first and last steps. We reveal the AGC kinase STK38 as a novel microlysophagy regulator. Through phosphorylation of the scaffold protein DOK1, STK38 is specifically required for the lysosomal recruitment of the AAA+ ATPase VPS4, which terminates microlysophagy by promoting the disassembly of ESCRT components. By contrast, microlysophagy initiation involves non-canonical lipidation of ATG8s, especially the GABARAP subfamily, which is required for ESCRT assembly through interaction with ALIX. Depletion of STK38 and GABARAPs accelerates DNA damage-induced cellular senescence in human cells and curtails lifespan in C. elegans, respectively. Thus, microlysophagy is regulated by STK38 and GABARAPs and could be essential for maintaining lysosomal integrity and preventing aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monami Ogura
- Department of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kaminishi
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Shima
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miku Torigata
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nao Bekku
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tabata
- Department of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Minami
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohei Nishino
- Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akiko Nezu
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Maho Hamasaki
- Department of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Kosako
- Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Yoshimori
- Department of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nakamura
- Department of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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24
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Barrado-Gil L, García-Dorival I, Galindo I, Alonso C, Cuesta-Geijo MÁ. Insights into the function of ESCRT complex and LBPA in ASFV infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1163569. [PMID: 38125905 PMCID: PMC10731053 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1163569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The African swine fever virus (ASFV) is strongly dependent on an intact endocytic pathway and a certain cellular membrane remodeling for infection, possibly regulated by the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT). The ESCRT machinery is mainly involved in the coordination of membrane dynamics; hence, several viruses exploit this complex and its accessory proteins VPS4 and ALIX for their own benefit. In this work, we found that shRNA-mediated knockdown of VPS4A decreased ASFV replication and viral titers, and this silencing resulted in an enhanced expression of ESCRT-0 component HRS. ASFV infection slightly increased HRS expression but not under VPS4A depletion conditions. Interestingly, VPS4A silencing did not have an impact on ALIX expression, which was significantly overexpressed upon ASFV infection. Further analysis revealed that ALIX silencing impaired ASFV infection at late stages of the viral cycle, including replication and viral production. In addition to ESCRT, the accessory protein ALIX is involved in endosomal membrane dynamics in a lysobisphosphatydic acid (LBPA) and Ca2+-dependent manner, which is relevant for intraluminal vesicle (ILV) biogenesis and endosomal homeostasis. Moreover, LBPA interacts with NPC2 and/or ALIX to regulate cellular cholesterol traffic, and would affect ASFV infection. Thus, we show that LBPA blocking impacted ASFV infection at both early and late infection, suggesting a function for this unconventional phospholipid in the ASFV viral cycle. Here, we found for the first time that silencing of VPS4A and ALIX affects the infection later on, and blocking LBPA function reduces ASFV infectivity at early and later stages of the viral cycle, while ALIX was overexpressed upon infection. These data suggested the relevance of ESCRT-related proteins in ASFV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Miguel Ángel Cuesta-Geijo
- Departmento Biotecnología, INIA-CSIC, Centro Nacional Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
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25
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Farmer T, Vaeth KF, Han KJ, Goering R, Taliaferro MJ, Prekeris R. The role of midbody-associated mRNAs in regulating abscission. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202306123. [PMID: 37922419 PMCID: PMC10624257 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202306123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Midbodies function during telophase to regulate the abscission step of cytokinesis. Until recently, it was thought that abscission-regulating proteins, such as ESCRT-III complex subunits, accumulate at the MB by directly or indirectly binding to the MB resident protein, CEP55. However, recent studies have shown that depletion of CEP55 does not fully block ESCRT-III targeting the MB. Here, we show that MBs contain mRNAs and that these MB-associated mRNAs can be locally translated, resulting in the accumulation of abscission-regulating proteins. We demonstrate that localized MB-associated translation of CHMP4B is required for its targeting to the abscission site and that 3' UTR-dependent CHMP4B mRNA targeting to the MB is required for successful completion of cytokinesis. Finally, we identify regulatory cis-elements within RNAs that are necessary and sufficient for mRNA trafficking to the MB. We propose a novel method of regulating cytokinesis and abscission by MB-associated targeting and localized translation of selective mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trey Farmer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Katherine F. Vaeth
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ke-Jun Han
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Raeann Goering
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Matthew J. Taliaferro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rytis Prekeris
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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26
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Carlton JG, Baum B. Roles of ESCRT-III polymers in cell division across the tree of life. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 85:102274. [PMID: 37944425 PMCID: PMC7615534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Every cell becomes two through a carefully orchestrated process of division. Prior to division, contractile machinery must first be assembled at the cell midzone to ensure that the cut, when it is made, bisects the two separated copies of the genetic material. Second, this contractile machinery must be dynamically tethered to the limiting plasma membrane so as to bring the membrane with it as it constricts. Finally, the connecting membrane must be severed to generate two physically separate daughter cells. In several organisms across the tree of life, Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT)-III family proteins aid cell division by forming composite polymers that function together with the Vps4 AAA-ATPase to constrict and cut the membrane tube connecting nascent daughter cells from the inside. In this review, we discuss unique features of ESCRT-III that enable it to play this role in division in many archaea and eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Graham Carlton
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 1UL, UK; Organelle Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
| | - Buzz Baum
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
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Wang H, Gallet B, Moriscot C, Pezet M, Chatellard C, Kleman JP, Göttlinger H, Weissenhorn W, Boscheron C. An Inducible ESCRT-III Inhibition Tool to Control HIV-1 Budding. Viruses 2023; 15:2289. [PMID: 38140530 PMCID: PMC10748027 DOI: 10.3390/v15122289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 budding as well as many other cellular processes require the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) machinery. Understanding the architecture of the native ESCRT-III complex at HIV-1 budding sites is limited due to spatial resolution and transient ESCRT-III recruitment. Here, we developed a drug-inducible transient HIV-1 budding inhibitory tool to enhance the ESCRT-III lifetime at budding sites. We generated autocleavable CHMP2A, CHMP3, and CHMP4B fusion proteins with the hepatitis C virus NS3 protease. We characterized the CHMP-NS3 fusion proteins in the absence and presence of protease inhibitor Glecaprevir with regard to expression, stability, localization, and HIV-1 Gag VLP budding. Immunoblotting experiments revealed rapid and stable accumulation of CHMP-NS3 fusion proteins. Notably, upon drug administration, CHMP2A-NS3 and CHMP4B-NS3 fusion proteins substantially decrease VLP release while CHMP3-NS3 exerted no effect but synergized with CHMP2A-NS3. Localization studies demonstrated the relocalization of CHMP-NS3 fusion proteins to the plasma membrane, endosomes, and Gag VLP budding sites. Through the combined use of transmission electron microscopy and video-microscopy, we unveiled drug-dependent accumulation of CHMP2A-NS3 and CHMP4B-NS3, causing a delay in HIV-1 Gag-VLP release. Our findings provide novel insight into the functional consequences of inhibiting ESCRT-III during HIV-1 budding and establish new tools to decipher the role of ESCRT-III at HIV-1 budding sites and other ESCRT-catalyzed cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France; (H.W.); (B.G.); (C.C.); (J.-P.K.)
| | - Benoit Gallet
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France; (H.W.); (B.G.); (C.C.); (J.-P.K.)
| | | | - Mylène Pezet
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, IAB, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Christine Chatellard
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France; (H.W.); (B.G.); (C.C.); (J.-P.K.)
| | - Jean-Philippe Kleman
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France; (H.W.); (B.G.); (C.C.); (J.-P.K.)
| | - Heinrich Göttlinger
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA;
| | - Winfried Weissenhorn
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France; (H.W.); (B.G.); (C.C.); (J.-P.K.)
| | - Cécile Boscheron
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France; (H.W.); (B.G.); (C.C.); (J.-P.K.)
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Pfitzner AK, Zivkovic H, Bernat-Silvestre C, West M, Peltier T, Humbert F, Odorizzi G, Roux A. Vps60 initiates alternative ESCRT-III filaments. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202206028. [PMID: 37768378 PMCID: PMC10538557 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202206028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endosomal sorting complex required for transport-III (ESCRT-III) participates in essential cellular functions, from cell division to endosome maturation. The remarkable increase of its subunit diversity through evolution may have enabled the acquisition of novel functions. Here, we characterize a novel ESCRT-III copolymer initiated by Vps60. Membrane-bound Vps60 polymers recruit Vps2, Vps24, Did2, and Ist1, as previously shown for Snf7. Snf7- and Vps60-based filaments can coexist on membranes without interacting as their polymerization and recruitment of downstream subunits remain spatially and biochemically separated. In fibroblasts, Vps60/CHMP5 and Snf7/CHMP4 are both recruited during endosomal functions and cytokinesis, but their localization is segregated and their recruitment dynamics are different. Contrary to Snf7/CHMP4, Vps60/CHMP5 is not recruited during nuclear envelope reformation. Taken together, our results show that Vps60 and Snf7 form functionally distinct ESCRT-III polymers, supporting the notion that diversification of ESCRT-III subunits through evolution is linked to the acquisition of new cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henry Zivkovic
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Matt West
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Tanner Peltier
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Frédéric Humbert
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Greg Odorizzi
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Aurélien Roux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- National Center of Competence in Research in Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Hermosilla Aguayo V, Martin P, Tian N, Zheng J, Aho R, Losa M, Selleri L. ESCRT-dependent control of craniofacial morphogenesis with concomitant perturbation of NOTCH signaling. Dev Biol 2023; 503:25-42. [PMID: 37573008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Craniofacial development is orchestrated by transcription factor-driven regulatory networks, epigenetic modifications, and signaling pathways. Signaling molecules and their receptors rely on endo-lysosomal trafficking to prevent accumulation on the plasma membrane. ESCRT (Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport) machinery is recruited to endosomal membranes enabling degradation of such endosomal cargoes. Studies in vitro and in invertebrate models established the requirements of the ESCRT machinery in membrane remodeling, endosomal trafficking, and lysosomal degradation of activated membrane receptors. However, investigations during vertebrate development have been scarce. By ENU-induced mutagenesis, we isolated a mouse line, Vps25ENU/ENU, carrying a hypomorphic allele of the ESCRT-II component Vps25, with craniofacial anomalies resembling features of human congenital syndromes. Here, we assessed the spatiotemporal dynamics of Vps25 and additional ESCRT-encoding genes during murine development. We show that these genes are ubiquitously expressed although enriched in discrete domains of the craniofacial complex, heart, and limbs. ESCRT-encoding genes, including Vps25, are expressed in both cranial neural crest-derived mesenchyme and epithelium. Unlike constitutive ESCRT mutants, Vps25ENU/ENU embryos display late lethality. They exhibit hypoplastic lower jaw, stunted snout, dysmorphic ear pinnae, and secondary palate clefting. Thus, we provide the first evidence for critical roles of ESCRT-II in craniofacial morphogenesis and report perturbation of NOTCH signaling in craniofacial domains of Vps25ENU/ENU embryos. Given the known roles of NOTCH signaling in the developing cranium, and notably the lower jaw, we propose that the NOTCH pathway partly mediates the craniofacial defects of Vps25ENU/ENU mouse embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Hermosilla Aguayo
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Institute for Human Genetics, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Dept of Orofacial Sciences and Dept of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Peter Martin
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Institute for Human Genetics, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Dept of Orofacial Sciences and Dept of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Nuo Tian
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Institute for Human Genetics, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Dept of Orofacial Sciences and Dept of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - James Zheng
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Institute for Human Genetics, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Dept of Orofacial Sciences and Dept of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Robert Aho
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Institute for Human Genetics, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Dept of Orofacial Sciences and Dept of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Marta Losa
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Institute for Human Genetics, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Dept of Orofacial Sciences and Dept of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Licia Selleri
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Institute for Human Genetics, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Dept of Orofacial Sciences and Dept of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Osaid Z, Haider M, Hamoudi R, Harati R. Exosomes Interactions with the Blood-Brain Barrier: Implications for Cerebral Disorders and Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15635. [PMID: 37958619 PMCID: PMC10648512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) is a selective structural and functional barrier between the circulatory system and the cerebral environment, playing an essential role in maintaining cerebral homeostasis by limiting the passage of harmful molecules. Exosomes, nanovesicles secreted by virtually all cell types into body fluids, have emerged as a major mediator of intercellular communication. Notably, these vesicles can cross the BBB and regulate its physiological functions. However, the precise molecular mechanisms by which exosomes regulate the BBB remain unclear. Recent research studies focused on the effect of exosomes on the BBB, particularly in the context of their involvement in the onset and progression of various cerebral disorders, including solid and metastatic brain tumors, stroke, neurodegenerative, and neuroinflammatory diseases. This review focuses on discussing and summarizing the current knowledge about the role of exosomes in the physiological and pathological modulation of the BBB. A better understanding of this regulation will improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of cerebral diseases and will enable the design of effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaynab Osaid
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Mohamed Haider
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London W1W 7EJ, UK
| | - Rania Harati
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates;
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31
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Wang H, Gallet B, Moriscot C, Pezet M, Chatellard C, Kleman JP, Göttlinger H, Weissenhorn W, Boscheron C. An inducible ESCRT-III inhibition tool to control HIV-1 budding. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.16.562494. [PMID: 37905063 PMCID: PMC10614826 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.16.562494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1 budding as well as many other cellular processes require the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) machinery. Understanding the architecture of the native ESCRT-III complex at HIV-1 budding sites is limited due to spatial resolution and transient ESCRT-III recruitment. Here, we developed a drug-inducible transient HIV-1 budding inhibitory tool to enhance the ESCRT-III lifetime at budding sites. We generated auto-cleavable CHMP2A, CHMP3, and CHMP4B fusion proteins with the hepatitis C virus NS3 protease. We characterized the CHMP-NS3 fusion proteins in the absence and presence of protease inhibitor Glecaprevir with regard to expression, stability, localization and HIV-1 Gag VLP budding. Immunoblotting experiments revealed rapid and stable accumulation of CHMP-NS3 fusion proteins with variable modification of Gag VLP budding upon drug administration. Notably, CHMP2A-NS3 and CHMP4B-NS3 fusion proteins substantially decrease VLP release while CHMP3-NS3 exerted a minor effect and synergized with CHMP2A-NS3. Localization studies demonstrated the re-localization of CHMP-NS3 fusion proteins to the plasma membrane, endosomes, and Gag VLP budding sites. Through the combined use of transmission electron microscopy and video-microscopy, we unveiled drug-dependent accumulation of CHMP2A-NS3 and CHMP4B-NS3, causing a delay in HIV-1 Gag-VLP release. Our findings provide novel insight into the functional consequences of inhibiting ESCRT-III during HIV-1 budding and establish new tools to decipher the role of ESCRT-III at HIV-1 budding sites and other ESCRT-catalyzed cellular processes.
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32
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Chen X, Liang Y. Vtc4 Promotes the Entry of Phagophores into Vacuoles in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Snf7 Mutant Cell. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1003. [PMID: 37888259 PMCID: PMC10607680 DOI: 10.3390/jof9101003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis and autophagy are the main pathways to deliver cargoes in vesicles and autophagosomes, respectively, to vacuoles/lysosomes in eukaryotes. Multiple positive regulators but few negative ones are reported to regulate the entry of vesicles and autophagosomes into vacuoles/lysosomes. In yeast, the Rab5 GTPase Vps21 and the ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) are positive regulators in endocytosis and autophagy. During autophagy, Vps21 regulates the ESCRT to phagophores (unclosed autophagosomes) to close them. Phagophores accumulate on vacuolar membranes in both vps21∆ and ESCRT mutant cells under a short duration of nitrogen starvation. The vacuolar transport chaperon (VTC) complex proteins are recently found to be negative regulators in endocytosis and autophagy. Phagophores in vps21∆ cells are promoted to enter vacuoles when the VTC complex proteins are absent. Phagophores are easily observed inside vacuoles when any of these VTC complex proteins (Vtc1, 2, 4, 5) are removed. However, it is unknown whether the removal of VTC complex proteins will also promote the entry of phagophores into vacuoles in ESCRT mutant cells under the same conditions. Snf7 is a core subunit of ESCRT subcomplex III (ESCRT-III), and phagophores accumulate in snf7∆ cells under a short duration of nitrogen starvation. We used green fluorescence protein (GFP) labeled Atg8 to display phagophores and FM4-64-stained or Vph1-GFP-labeled membrane structures to show vacuoles, then examined fluorescence localization and GFP-Atg8 degradation in snf7∆ and snf7∆vtc4∆ cells. Results showed that Vtc4 depletion promoted the entry of phagophores in snf7∆ cells into vacuoles as it did for vps21∆ cells, although the promotion level was more obvious in vps21∆ cells. This observation indicates that the VTC complex proteins may have a widespread role in negatively regulating cargos to enter vacuoles in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yongheng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
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33
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Nozawa T, Toh H, Iibushi J, Kogai K, Minowa-Nozawa A, Satoh J, Ito S, Murase K, Nakagawa I. Rab41-mediated ESCRT machinery repairs membrane rupture by a bacterial toxin in xenophagy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6230. [PMID: 37802980 PMCID: PMC10558455 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Xenophagy, a type of selective autophagy, is a bactericidal membrane trafficking that targets cytosolic bacterial pathogens, but the membrane homeostatic system to cope with bacterial infection in xenophagy is not known. Here, we show that the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) machinery is needed to maintain homeostasis of xenophagolysosomes damaged by a bacterial toxin, which is regulated through the TOM1L2-Rab41 pathway that recruits AAA-ATPase VPS4. We screened Rab GTPases and identified Rab41 as critical for maintaining the acidification of xenophagolysosomes. Confocal microscopy revealed that ESCRT components were recruited to the entire xenophagolysosome, and this recruitment was inhibited by intrabody expression against bacterial cytolysin, indicating that ESCRT targets xenophagolysosomes in response to a bacterial toxin. Rab41 translocates to damaged autophagic membranes via adaptor protein TOM1L2 and recruits VPS4 to complete ESCRT-mediated membrane repair in a unique GTPase-independent manner. Finally, we demonstrate that the TOM1L2-Rab41 pathway-mediated ESCRT is critical for the efficient clearance of bacteria through xenophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nozawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Toh
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Junpei Iibushi
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kohei Kogai
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Atsuko Minowa-Nozawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Junko Satoh
- Medical Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shinji Ito
- Medical Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazunori Murase
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakagawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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Wang C, Chen Y, Hu S, Liu X. Insights into the function of ESCRT and its role in enveloped virus infection. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1261651. [PMID: 37869652 PMCID: PMC10587442 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1261651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) is an essential molecular machinery in eukaryotic cells that facilitates the invagination of endosomal membranes, leading to the formation of multivesicular bodies (MVBs). It participates in various cellular processes, including lipid bilayer remodeling, cytoplasmic separation, autophagy, membrane fission and re-modeling, plasma membrane repair, as well as the invasion, budding, and release of certain enveloped viruses. The ESCRT complex consists of five complexes, ESCRT-0 to ESCRT-III and VPS4, along with several accessory proteins. ESCRT-0 to ESCRT-II form soluble complexes that shuttle between the cytoplasm and membranes, mainly responsible for recruiting and transporting membrane proteins and viral particles, as well as recruiting ESCRT-III for membrane neck scission. ESCRT-III, a soluble monomer, directly participates in vesicle scission and release, while VPS4 hydrolyzes ATP to provide energy for ESCRT-III complex disassembly, enabling recycling. Studies have confirmed the hijacking of ESCRT complexes by enveloped viruses to facilitate their entry, replication, and budding. Recent research has focused on the interaction between various components of the ESCRT complex and different viruses. In this review, we discuss how different viruses hijack specific ESCRT regulatory proteins to impact the viral life cycle, aiming to explore commonalities in the interaction between viruses and the ESCRT system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxuan Wang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shunlin Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Fromm L, Mehl J, Keller C. Orientia tsutsugamushi: A life between escapes. Microbiologyopen 2023; 12:e1380. [PMID: 37877457 PMCID: PMC10493369 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The life cycle of the mite-borne, obligate intracellular pathogen Orientia tsutsugamushi (Ot), the causative agent of human scrub typhus, differs in many aspects from that of other members of the Rickettsiales order. Particularly, the nonlytic cellular exit of individual Ot bacteria at the plasma membrane closely resembles the budding of enveloped viruses but has only been rudimentarily studied at the molecular level. This brief article is focused on the current state of knowledge of escape events in the life cycle of Ot and highlights differences in strategies of other rickettsiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Fromm
- Institute of VirologyPhilipps University MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Jonas Mehl
- Institute of VirologyPhilipps University MarburgMarburgGermany
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Liu Y, Lyu X, Tan S, Zhang X. Research Progress of Exosomal Non-Coding RNAs in Cardiac Remodeling. Int J Med Sci 2023; 20:1469-1478. [PMID: 37790853 PMCID: PMC10542190 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.83808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are vesicles with a size range of 50 to 200 nm and released by different cells, which are essential for the exchange of information between cells. They have attracted a lot of interest from medical researchers. Exosomal non-coding RNAs play an important part in pathological cardiac remodelings, such as cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and cardiac fibrosis. This review summarizes the origins and functions of exosomes, the role of exosomal non-coding RNAs in the process of pathological cardiac remodeling, as well as their theoretical basis for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xing Lyu
- Department of Clinical laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Shengyu Tan
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Medical Research Center for Geriatric Syndrome, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Medical Research Center for Geriatric Syndrome, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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37
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Das A, Rivera-Serrano EE, Yin X, Walker CM, Feng Z, Lemon SM. Cell entry and release of quasi-enveloped human hepatitis viruses. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023; 21:573-589. [PMID: 37185947 PMCID: PMC10127183 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-023-00889-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Infectious hepatitis type A and type E are caused by phylogenetically distinct single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses that were once considered to be non-enveloped. However, studies show that both are released nonlytically from hepatocytes as 'quasi-enveloped' virions cloaked in host membranes. These virion types predominate in the blood of infected individuals and mediate virus spread within the liver. They lack virally encoded proteins on their surface and are resistant to neutralizing anti-capsid antibodies induced by infection, yet they efficiently enter cells and initiate new rounds of virus replication. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms by which specific peptide sequences in the capsids of these quasi-enveloped virions mediate their endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT)-dependent release from hepatocytes through multivesicular endosomes, what is known about how they enter cells, and the impact of capsid quasi-envelopment on host immunity and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Das
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lentigen Technology, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Efraín E Rivera-Serrano
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biology, Elon University, Elon, NC, USA
| | - Xin Yin
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Christopher M Walker
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Paediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zongdi Feng
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Paediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Stanley M Lemon
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Glover J, Scourfield EJ, Ventimiglia LN, Yang X, Lynham S, Agromayor M, Martin-Serrano J. UMAD1 contributes to ESCRT-III dynamic subunit turnover during cytokinetic abscission. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs261097. [PMID: 37439191 PMCID: PMC10445733 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscission is the final stage of cytokinesis whereby the midbody, a thin intercellular bridge, is resolved to separate the daughter cells. Cytokinetic abscission is mediated by the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT), a conserved membrane remodelling machinery. The midbody organiser CEP55 recruits early acting ESCRT factors such as ESCRT-I and ALIX (also known as PDCD6IP), which subsequently initiate the formation of ESCRT-III polymers that sever the midbody. We now identify UMAD1 as an ESCRT-I subunit that facilitates abscission. UMAD1 selectively associates with VPS37C and VPS37B, supporting the formation of cytokinesis-specific ESCRT-I assemblies. TSG101 recruits UMAD1 to the site of midbody abscission, to stabilise the CEP55-ESCRT-I interaction. We further demonstrate that the UMAD1-ESCRT-I interaction facilitates the final step of cytokinesis. Paradoxically, UMAD1 and ALIX co-depletion has synergistic effects on abscission, whereas ESCRT-III recruitment to the midbody is not inhibited. Importantly, we find that both UMAD1 and ALIX are required for the dynamic exchange of ESCRT-III subunits at the midbody. Therefore, UMAD1 reveals a key functional connection between ESCRT-I and ESCRT-III that is required for cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Glover
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Edward J. Scourfield
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Leandro N. Ventimiglia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Proteomics Facility, Centre of Excellence for Mass Spectrometry, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Steven Lynham
- Proteomics Facility, Centre of Excellence for Mass Spectrometry, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Monica Agromayor
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Juan Martin-Serrano
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, London SE1 9RT, UK
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39
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Pust S, Brech A, Wegner CS, Stenmark H, Haglund K. Vesicle-mediated transport of ALIX and ESCRT-III to the intercellular bridge during cytokinesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:235. [PMID: 37523003 PMCID: PMC10390626 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04864-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Cellular abscission is the final step of cytokinesis that leads to the physical separation of the two daughter cells. The scaffold protein ALIX and the ESCRT-I protein TSG101 contribute to recruiting ESCRT-III to the midbody, which orchestrates the final membrane scission of the intercellular bridge. Here, we addressed the transport mechanisms of ALIX and ESCRT-III subunit CHMP4B to the midbody. Structured illumination microscopy revealed gradual accumulation of ALIX at the midbody, resulting in the formation of spiral-like structures extending from the midbody to the abscission site, which strongly co-localized with CHMP4B. Live-cell microscopy uncovered that ALIX appeared together with CHMP4B in vesicular structures, whose motility was microtubule-dependent. Depletion of ALIX led to structural alterations of the midbody and delayed recruitment of CHMP4B, resulting in delayed abscission. Likewise, depletion of the kinesin-1 motor KIF5B reduced the motility of ALIX-positive vesicles and delayed midbody recruitment of ALIX, TSG101 and CHMP4B, accompanied by impeded abscission. We propose that ALIX, TSG101 and CHMP4B are associated with endosomal vesicles transported on microtubules by kinesin-1 to the cytokinetic bridge and midbody, thereby contributing to their function in abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Pust
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway.
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Andreas Brech
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway
| | - Catherine Sem Wegner
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway
| | - Harald Stenmark
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kaisa Haglund
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway.
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway.
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40
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Sartorio MG, Pardue EJ, Scott NE, Feldman MF. Human gut bacteria tailor extracellular vesicle cargo for the breakdown of diet- and host-derived glycans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2306314120. [PMID: 37364113 PMCID: PMC10319031 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2306314120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are produced in all three domains of life, and their biogenesis has common ancient origins in eukaryotes and archaea. Although bacterial vesicles were discovered several decades ago and multiple roles have been attributed to them, no mechanism has been established for vesicles biogenesis in bacteria. For this reason, there is a significant level of skepticism about the biological relevance of bacterial vesicles. Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Bt), a prominent member of the human intestinal microbiota, produces significant amounts of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) which have been proposed to play key physiological roles. Here, we employed a dual marker system, consisting of outer membrane- and OMV-specific markers fused to fluorescent proteins to visualize OMV biogenesis by time-lapse microscopy. Furthermore, we performed comparative proteomic analyses to show that, in Bt, the OMV cargo is adapted for the optimal utilization of different polysaccharides. We also show that a negatively charged N-terminal motif acts as a signal for protein sorting into OMVs irrespective of the nutrient availability. Our results demonstrate that OMV production is the result of a highly regulated process in Bt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G. Sartorio
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO63110
| | - Evan J. Pardue
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO63110
| | - Nichollas E. Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC3000, Australia
| | - Mario F. Feldman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO63110
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41
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Mishra A, Bharti PS, Rani N, Nikolajeff F, Kumar S. A tale of exosomes and their implication in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188908. [PMID: 37172650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a cause of high deaths worldwide and also a huge burden for the health system. Cancer cells have unique properties such as a high rate of proliferation, self-renewal, metastasis, and treatment resistance, therefore, the development of novel diagnoses of cancers is a tedious task. Exosomes are secreted by virtually all cell types and have the ability to carry a multitude of biomolecules crucial for intercellular communication, hence, contributing a crucial part in the onset and spread of cancer. These exosomal components can be utilized in the development of markers for diagnostic and prognostic purposes for various cancers. This review emphasized primarily the following topics: exosomes structure and functions, isolation and characterization strategies of exosomes, the role of exosomal contents in cancer with a focus in particular on noncoding RNA and protein, exosomes, and the cancer microenvironment interactions, cancer stem cells, and tumor diagnosis and prognosis based on exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Mishra
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Prahalad Singh Bharti
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Neerja Rani
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Fredrik Nikolajeff
- Department of Health, Education, and Technology, Lulea University of Technology, 97187, Sweden
| | - Saroj Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; Department of Health, Education, and Technology, Lulea University of Technology, 97187, Sweden.
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42
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Mandal T, Gupta S, Soni J. Simulation study of membrane bending by protein crowding: a case study with the epsin N-terminal homology domain. SOFT MATTER 2023. [PMID: 37376999 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00280b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which peripheral membrane proteins generate curvature is currently an active area of research. One of the proposed mechanisms is amphipathic insertion or the 'wedge' mechanism in which the protein shallowly inserts an amphipathic helix inside the membrane to drive the curvature. However, recent experimental studies have challenged the efficiency of the 'wedge' mechanism as it requires unusual protein densities. These studies proposed an alternative mechanism, namely 'protein-crowding', in which the lateral pressure generated by the random collisions among the membrane bound proteins drives the bending. In this study, we employ atomistic and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the effects of amphipathic insertion and protein crowding on the membrane surface. Considering epsin N-terminal homology (ENTH) domain as a model protein, we show that amphipathic insertion is not essential for membrane bending. Our results suggest that ENTH domains can aggregate on the membrane surface by employing another structured region (H3 helix). And this protein crowding decreases the cohesive energy of the lipid tails which causes a significant decrease in the membrane bending rigidity. The ENTH domain can generate a similar degree of membrane curvature irrespective of the activity of its H0 helix. Our results are consistent with the recent experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taraknath Mandal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India.
| | - Shivam Gupta
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India.
| | - Jatin Soni
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India.
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Carosi JM, Denton D, Kumar S, Sargeant TJ. Receptor Recycling by Retromer. Mol Cell Biol 2023; 43:317-334. [PMID: 37350516 PMCID: PMC10348044 DOI: 10.1080/10985549.2023.2222053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly conserved retromer complex controls the fate of hundreds of receptors that pass through the endolysosomal system and is a central regulatory node for diverse metabolic programs. More than 20 years ago, retromer was discovered as an essential regulator of endosome-to-Golgi transport in yeast; since then, significant progress has been made to characterize how metazoan retromer components assemble to enable its engagement with endosomal membranes, where it sorts cargo receptors from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network or plasma membrane through recognition of sorting motifs in their cytoplasmic tails. In this review, we examine retromer regulation by exploring its assembled structure with an emphasis on how a range of adaptor proteins shape the process of receptor trafficking. Specifically, we focus on how retromer is recruited to endosomes, selects cargoes, and generates tubulovesicular carriers that deliver cargoes to target membranes. We also examine how cells adapt to distinct metabolic states by coordinating retromer expression and function. We contrast similarities and differences between retromer and its related complexes: retriever and commander/CCC, as well as their interplay in receptor trafficking. We elucidate how loss of retromer regulation is central to the pathology of various neurogenerative and metabolic diseases, as well as microbial infections, and highlight both opportunities and cautions for therapeutics that target retromer. Finally, with a focus on understanding the mechanisms that govern retromer regulation, we outline new directions for the field moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian M. Carosi
- Lysosomal Health in Ageing, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia (UniSA), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Engineering and Technology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Donna Denton
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia (UniSA), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sharad Kumar
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia (UniSA), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Timothy J. Sargeant
- Lysosomal Health in Ageing, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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44
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Simonetti B, Daly JL, Cullen PJ. Out of the ESCPE room: Emerging roles of endosomal SNX-BARs in receptor transport and host-pathogen interaction. Traffic 2023; 24:234-250. [PMID: 37089068 PMCID: PMC10768393 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Several functions of the human cell, such as sensing nutrients, cell movement and interaction with the surrounding environment, depend on a myriad of transmembrane proteins and their associated proteins and lipids (collectively termed "cargoes"). To successfully perform their tasks, cargo must be sorted and delivered to the right place, at the right time, and in the right amount. To achieve this, eukaryotic cells have evolved a highly organized sorting platform, the endosomal network. Here, a variety of specialized multiprotein complexes sort cargo into itineraries leading to either their degradation or their recycling to various organelles for further rounds of reuse. A key sorting complex is the Endosomal SNX-BAR Sorting Complex for Promoting Exit (ESCPE-1) that promotes the recycling of an array of cargos to the plasma membrane and/or the trans-Golgi network. ESCPE-1 recognizes a hydrophobic-based sorting motif in numerous cargoes and orchestrates their packaging into tubular carriers that pinch off from the endosome and travel to the target organelle. A wide range of pathogens mimic this sorting motif to hijack ESCPE-1 transport to promote their invasion and survival within infected cells. In other instances, ESCPE-1 exerts restrictive functions against pathogens by limiting their replication and infection. In this review, we discuss ESCPE-1 assembly and functions, with a particular focus on recent advances in the understanding of its role in membrane trafficking, cellular homeostasis and host-pathogen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Simonetti
- Charles River Laboratories, Discovery House, Quays Office ParkConference Avenue, PortisheadBristolUK
| | - James L. Daly
- Department of Infectious DiseasesSchool of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Peter J. Cullen
- School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Biomedical Sciences BuildingUniversity of BristolBristolUK
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45
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Lin H, Deaton CA, Johnson GVW. Commentary: BAG3 as a Mediator of Endosome Function and Tau Clearance. Neuroscience 2023; 518:4-9. [PMID: 35550160 PMCID: PMC9646927 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tauopathies are a group of heterogeneous neurodegenerative conditions characterized by the deposition of abnormal tau protein in the brain. The underlying mechanisms that contribute to the accumulation of tau in these neurodegenerative diseases are multifactorial; nonetheless, there is a growing awareness that dysfunction of endosome-lysosome pathways is a pivotal factor. BCL2 associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) is a multidomain protein that plays a key role in maintaining neuronal proteostasis. Further, recent data indicate that BAG3 plays an important role in mediating vacuolar-dependent degradation of tau. Overexpression of BAG3 in a tauopathy mouse model decreased pathological tau levels and alleviated synapse loss. High throughput screens of BAG3 interactors have identified key players in the vacuolar system; these include clathrin and regulators of small GTPases. These findings suggest that BAG3 is an important regulator of endocytic pathways. In this commentary, we discuss the potential mechanisms by which BAG3 regulates the vacuolar system and tau proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 604, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Carol A Deaton
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 604, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Gail V W Johnson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 604, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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46
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Shinde SR, Mick DU, Aoki E, Rodrigues RB, Gygi SP, Nachury MV. The ancestral ESCRT protein TOM1L2 selects ubiquitinated cargoes for retrieval from cilia. Dev Cell 2023; 58:677-693.e9. [PMID: 37019113 PMCID: PMC10133032 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Many G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) reside within cilia of mammalian cells and must undergo regulated exit from cilia for the appropriate transduction of signals such as hedgehog morphogens. Lysine 63-linked ubiquitin (UbK63) chains mark GPCRs for regulated removal from cilia, but the molecular basis of UbK63 recognition inside cilia remains elusive. Here, we show that the BBSome-the trafficking complex in charge of retrieving GPCRs from cilia-engages the ancestral endosomal sorting factor target of Myb1-like 2 (TOM1L2) to recognize UbK63 chains within cilia of human and mouse cells. TOM1L2 directly binds to UbK63 chains and the BBSome, and targeted disruption of the TOM1L2/BBSome interaction results in the accumulation of TOM1L2, ubiquitin, and the GPCRs SSTR3, Smoothened, and GPR161 inside cilia. Furthermore, the single-cell alga Chlamydomonas also requires its TOM1L2 ortholog in order to clear ubiquitinated proteins from cilia. We conclude that TOM1L2 broadly enables the retrieval of UbK63-tagged proteins by the ciliary trafficking machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Rohidas Shinde
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - David U Mick
- Center of Human and Molecular Biology and Center for Molecular Signaling, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Erika Aoki
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Rachel B Rodrigues
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maxence V Nachury
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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47
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Sartorio MG, Pardue EJ, Scott NE, Feldman MF. Human gut bacteria tailor extracellular vesicle cargo for the breakdown of diet- and host-derived glycans. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.03.535451. [PMID: 37066189 PMCID: PMC10104005 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.03.535451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are produced in all three domains of life, and their biogenesis have common ancient origins in eukaryotes and archaea. Although bacterial vesicles were discovered several decades ago and multiple roles have been attributed to them, no mechanism has been established for vesicles biogenesis in bacteria. For this reason, there is a significant level of skepticism about the biological relevance of bacterial vesicles. In Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron ( Bt ), a prominent member of the human intestinal microbiota, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have been proposed to play key physiological roles. By employing outer membrane- and OMV-specific markers fused to fluorescent proteins we visualized OMV biogenesis in live-cells. We performed comparative proteomic analyses to demonstrate that Bt actively tailors its vesicle cargo to optimize the breakdown of diet- and host-derived complex glycans. Surprisingly, our data suggests that OMV are not employed for mucin degradation. We also show that, in Bt , a negatively-charged N-terminal motif acts as a signal for protein sorting into OMVs irrespective of the nutrient availability. We conclude that OMVs are the result of an exquisitely orchestrated mechanism. This work lays the foundation for further investigations into the physiological relevance of OMVs and their roles in gut homeostasis. Furthermore, our work constitutes a roadmap to guide EV biogenesis research in other bacteria.
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48
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Zeng Y, Li B, Huang S, Li H, Cao W, Chen Y, Liu G, Li Z, Yang C, Feng L, Gao J, Lo SW, Zhao J, Shen J, Guo Y, Gao C, Dagdas Y, Jiang L. The plant unique ESCRT component FREE1 regulates autophagosome closure. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1768. [PMID: 36997511 PMCID: PMC10063618 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) can activate autophagy when cellular energy production becomes compromised. However, the degree to which nutrient sensing impinges on the autophagosome closure remains unknown. Here, we provide the mechanism underlying a plant unique protein FREE1, upon autophagy-induced SnRK1α1-mediated phosphorylation, functions as a linkage between ATG conjugation system and ESCRT machinery to regulate the autophagosome closure upon nutrient deprivation. Using high-resolution microscopy, 3D-electron tomography, and protease protection assay, we showed that unclosed autophagosomes accumulated in free1 mutants. Proteomic, cellular and biochemical analysis revealed the mechanistic connection between FREE1 and the ATG conjugation system/ESCRT-III complex in regulating autophagosome closure. Mass spectrometry analysis showed that the evolutionary conserved plant energy sensor SnRK1α1 phosphorylates FREE1 and recruits it to the autophagosomes to promote closure. Mutagenesis of the phosphorylation site on FREE1 caused the autophagosome closure failure. Our findings unveil how cellular energy sensing pathways regulate autophagosome closure to maintain cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglun Zeng
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Baiying Li
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuxian Huang
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhan Cao
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yixuan Chen
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guoyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenping Li
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiayang Gao
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sze Wan Lo
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jierui Zhao
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University at Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jinbo Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Caiji Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yasin Dagdas
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Liwen Jiang
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology and Agricultural Biotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Mencel ML, Bittner GD. Repair of traumatic lesions to the plasmalemma of neurons and other cells: Commonalities, conflicts, and controversies. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1114779. [PMID: 37008019 PMCID: PMC10050709 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1114779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroscientists and Cell Biologists have known for many decades that eukaryotic cells, including neurons, are surrounded by a plasmalemma/axolemma consisting of a phospholipid bilayer that regulates trans-membrane diffusion of ions (including calcium) and other substances. Cells often incur plasmalemmal damage via traumatic injury and various diseases. If the damaged plasmalemma is not rapidly repaired within minutes, activation of apoptotic pathways by calcium influx often results in cell death. We review publications reporting what is less-well known (and not yet covered in neuroscience or cell biology textbooks): that calcium influx at the lesion sites ranging from small nm-sized holes to complete axonal transection activates parallel biochemical pathways that induce vesicles/membrane-bound structures to migrate and interact to restore original barrier properties and eventual reestablishment of the plasmalemma. We assess the reliability of, and problems with, various measures (e.g., membrane voltage, input resistance, current flow, tracer dyes, confocal microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy) used individually and in combination to assess plasmalemmal sealing in various cell types (e.g., invertebrate giant axons, oocytes, hippocampal and other mammalian neurons). We identify controversies such as plug versus patch hypotheses that attempt to account for currently available data on the subcellular mechanisms of plasmalemmal repair/sealing. We describe current research gaps and potential future developments, such as much more extensive correlations of biochemical/biophysical measures with sub-cellular micromorphology. We compare and contrast naturally occurring sealing with recently-discovered artificially-induced plasmalemmal sealing by polyethylene glycol (PEG) that bypasses all natural pathways for membrane repair. We assess other recent developments such as adaptive membrane responses in neighboring cells following injury to an adjacent cell. Finally, we speculate how a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in natural and artificial plasmalemmal sealing is needed to develop better clinical treatments for muscular dystrophies, stroke and other ischemic conditions, and various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshal L. Mencel
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - George D. Bittner
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: George D. Bittner,
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He R, Li Y, Bernards MA, Wang A. Manipulation of the Cellular Membrane-Cytoskeleton Network for RNA Virus Replication and Movement in Plants. Viruses 2023; 15:744. [PMID: 36992453 PMCID: PMC10056259 DOI: 10.3390/v15030744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses infect all cellular life forms and cause various diseases and significant economic losses worldwide. The majority of viruses are positive-sense RNA viruses. A common feature of infection by diverse RNA viruses is to induce the formation of altered membrane structures in infected host cells. Indeed, upon entry into host cells, plant-infecting RNA viruses target preferred organelles of the cellular endomembrane system and remodel organellar membranes to form organelle-like structures for virus genome replication, termed as the viral replication organelle (VRO) or the viral replication complex (VRC). Different viruses may recruit different host factors for membrane modifications. These membrane-enclosed virus-induced replication factories provide an optimum, protective microenvironment to concentrate viral and host components for robust viral replication. Although different viruses prefer specific organelles to build VROs, at least some of them have the ability to exploit alternative organellar membranes for replication. Besides being responsible for viral replication, VROs of some viruses can be mobile to reach plasmodesmata (PD) via the endomembrane system, as well as the cytoskeleton machinery. Viral movement protein (MP) and/or MP-associated viral movement complexes also exploit the endomembrane-cytoskeleton network for trafficking to PD where progeny viruses pass through the cell-wall barrier to enter neighboring cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong He
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford St., London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Yinzi Li
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford St., London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Mark A. Bernards
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Aiming Wang
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford St., London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
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