1
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Neahring L, Cho NH, He Y, Liu G, Fernandes J, Rux CJ, Nakos K, Subramanian R, Upadhyayula S, Yildiz A, Dumont S. Torques within and outside the human spindle balance twist at anaphase. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202312046. [PMID: 38869473 PMCID: PMC11176257 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202312046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
At each cell division, nanometer-scale motors and microtubules give rise to the micron-scale spindle. Many mitotic motors step helically around microtubules in vitro, and most are predicted to twist the spindle in a left-handed direction. However, the human spindle exhibits only slight global twist, raising the question of how these molecular torques are balanced. Here, we find that anaphase spindles in the epithelial cell line MCF10A have a high baseline twist, and we identify factors that both increase and decrease this twist. The midzone motors KIF4A and MKLP1 are together required for left-handed twist at anaphase, and we show that KIF4A generates left-handed torque in vitro. The actin cytoskeleton also contributes to left-handed twist, but dynein and its cortical recruitment factor LGN counteract it. Together, our work demonstrates that force generators regulate twist in opposite directions from both within and outside the spindle, preventing strong spindle twist during chromosome segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lila Neahring
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nathan H. Cho
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Tetrad Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yifei He
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Gaoxiang Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Caleb J. Rux
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UC Berkeley/UC San Francisco Graduate Group in Bioengineering, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Konstantinos Nakos
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Radhika Subramanian
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Srigokul Upadhyayula
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ahmet Yildiz
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Physics Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sophie Dumont
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Tetrad Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UC Berkeley/UC San Francisco Graduate Group in Bioengineering, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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2
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Salazar BM, Ohi R. Antiparallel microtubule bundling supports KIF15-driven mitotic spindle assembly. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar84. [PMID: 38598297 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e24-01-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The spindle is a bipolar microtubule-based machine that is crucial for accurate chromosome segregation. Spindle bipolarity is generated by Eg5 (a kinesin-5), a conserved motor that drives spindle assembly by localizing to and sliding apart antiparallel microtubules. In the presence of Eg5 inhibitors (K5Is), KIF15 (a kinesin-12) can promote spindle assembly, resulting in K5I-resistant cells (KIRCs). However, KIF15 is a less potent motor than Eg5, suggesting that other factors may contribute to spindle formation in KIRCs. Protein Regulator of Cytokinesis 1 (PRC1) preferentially bundles antiparallel microtubules, and we previously showed that PRC1 promotes KIF15-microtubule binding, leading us to hypothesize that PRC1 may enhance KIF15 activity in KIRCs. Here, we demonstrate that: 1) loss of PRC1 in KIRCs decreases spindle bipolarity, 2) overexpression of PRC1 increases spindle formation efficiency in KIRCs, 3) overexpression of PRC1 protects K5I naïve cells against the K5I S-trityl-L-cysteine (STLC), and 4) PRC1 overexpression promotes the establishment of K5I resistance. These effects are not fully reproduced by a TPX2, a microtubule bundler with no known preference for microtubule orientation. These results suggest a model wherein PRC1-mediated bundling of microtubules creates a more favorable microtubule architecture for KIF15-driven mitotic spindle assembly in the context of Eg5 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany M Salazar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Ryoma Ohi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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3
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Xie P. Modeling Studies of the Mechanism of Context-Dependent Bidirectional Movements of Kinesin-14 Motors. Molecules 2024; 29:1792. [PMID: 38675612 PMCID: PMC11055046 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Kinesin-14s, a subfamily of the large superfamily of kinesin motor proteins, function mainly in spindle assembly and maintenance during mitosis and meiosis. KlpA from Aspergillus nidulans and GiKIN14a from Giardia intestinalis are two types of kinesin-14s. Available experimental results puzzlingly showed that while KlpA moves preferentially toward the minus end in microtubule-gliding setups and inside parallel microtubule overlaps, it moves preferentially toward the plus end on single microtubules. More puzzlingly, the insertion of an extra polypeptide linker in the central region of the neck stalk switches the motility direction of KlpA on single microtubules to the minus end. Prior experimental results showed that GiKIN14a moves preferentially toward the minus end on single microtubules in either tailless or full-length forms. The tail not only greatly enhances the processivity but also accelerates the ATPase rate and velocity of GiKIN14a. The insertion of an extra polypeptide linker in the central region of the neck stalk reduces the ATPase rate of GiKIN14a. However, the underlying mechanism of these puzzling dynamical features for KlpA and GiKIN14a is unclear. Here, to understand this mechanism, the dynamics of KlpA and GiKIN14a were studied theoretically on the basis of the proposed model, incorporating potential changes between the kinesin head and microtubule, as well as the potential between the tail and microtubule. The theoretical results quantitatively explain the available experimental results and provide predicted results. It was found that the elasticity of the neck stalk determines the directionality of KlpA on single microtubules and affects the ATPase rate and velocity of GiKIN14a on single microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xie
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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4
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Zhang JL, Xu MF, Chen J, Wei YL, She ZY. Kinesin-7 CENP-E mediates chromosome alignment and spindle assembly checkpoint in meiosis I. Chromosoma 2024; 133:149-168. [PMID: 38456964 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-024-00818-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, meiosis is the genetic basis for sexual reproduction, which is important for chromosome stability and species evolution. The defects in meiosis usually lead to chromosome aneuploidy, reduced gamete number, and genetic diseases, but the pathogenic mechanisms are not well clarified. Kinesin-7 CENP-E is a key regulator in chromosome alignment and spindle assembly checkpoint in cell division. However, the functions and mechanisms of CENP-E in male meiosis remain largely unknown. In this study, we have revealed that the CENP-E gene was highly expressed in the rat testis. CENP-E inhibition influences chromosome alignment and spindle organization in metaphase I spermatocytes. We have found that a portion of misaligned homologous chromosomes is located at the spindle poles after CENP-E inhibition, which further activates the spindle assembly checkpoint during the metaphase-to-anaphase transition in rat spermatocytes. Furthermore, CENP-E depletion leads to abnormal spermatogenesis, reduced sperm count, and abnormal sperm head structure. Our findings have elucidated that CENP-E is essential for homologous chromosome alignment and spindle assembly checkpoint in spermatocytes, which further contribute to chromosome stability and sperm cell quality during spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Lian Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Meng-Fei Xu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Ya-Lan Wei
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Zhen-Yu She
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.
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5
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Zhuang R, Liu H. Mechanism of regulation of KIF23 on endometrial cancer cell growth and apoptosis. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:83. [PMID: 38514510 PMCID: PMC10957832 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-00937-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The global incidence of endometrial cancer, a malignant tumor in females, is on the rise. It is one of the most common gynecological cancers. Early-stage endometrial cancers can often be treated successfully with uterine extirpation. However, those diagnosed at a later stage have a poor prognosis and encounter treatment challenges. Therefore, additional research is necessary to develop primary prevention strategies for high-risk women and improve survival rates among patients with endometrial cancer. Hence, gene therapy targeting KIF23 shows promise as an advanced strategy for the treatment of endometrial cancer. METHODS Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and PCR were used to examine the expression of KIF23 and its associated pathway factors in endometrial cancer tissue (specifically Ishikawa and SNGM cells, respectively). We investigated the functional roles of KIF23 using CCK-8, colony-forming proliferation assays, Transwell migration assays, and xenotransplantation in mice. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry analysis showed variations in the expression levels of KIF23 between endometrial cancer tissue and normal endometrium tissue. KIF23 downregulated BAX and caspase-3 protein expression while upregulating BCL-2 protein expression. Additionally, knocking out KIF23 inhibits endometrial cancer cell proliferation and migration while promoting cell death. Mechanistically, our study provides evidence that KIF23 promotes endometrial cancer cell proliferation by activating the ERK and AKT/PI3K pathways, while simultaneously inhibiting programmed cell death in endometrial cancer. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence to support the inhibition of endometrial cancer by KIF23 knockdown. This offers valuable insights for future research on potential therapeutic strategies for this type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiying Zhuang
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China.
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Zhou Y, Xu MF, Chen J, Zhang JL, Wang XY, Huang MH, Wei YL, She ZY. Loss-of-function of kinesin-5 KIF11 causes microcephaly, chorioretinopathy, and developmental disorders through chromosome instability and cell cycle arrest. Exp Cell Res 2024; 436:113975. [PMID: 38367657 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.113975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Kinesin motors play a fundamental role in development by controlling intracellular transport, spindle assembly, and microtubule organization. In humans, patients carrying mutations in KIF11 suffer from an autosomal dominant inheritable disease called microcephaly with or without chorioretinopathy, lymphoedema, or mental retardation (MCLMR). While mitotic functions of KIF11 proteins have been well documented in centrosome separation and spindle assembly, cellular mechanisms underlying KIF11 dysfunction and MCLMR remain unclear. In this study, we generate KIF11-inhibition chick and zebrafish models and find that KIF11 inhibition results in microcephaly, chorioretinopathy, and severe developmental defects in vivo. Notably, loss-of-function of KIF11 causes the formation of monopolar spindle and chromosome misalignment, which finally contribute to cell cycle arrest, chromosome instability, and cell death. Our results demonstrate that KIF11 is crucial for spindle assembly, chromosome alignment, and cell cycle progression of progenitor stem cells, indicating a potential link between polyploidy and MCLMR. Our data have revealed that KIF11 inhibition cause microcephaly, chorioretinopathy, and development disorders through the formation of monopolar spindle, polyploid, and cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Meng-Fei Xu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Jing-Lian Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Xin-Yao Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Min-Hui Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Ya-Lan Wei
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China; College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Zhen-Yu She
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China.
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7
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Queen KA, Cario A, Berger CL, Stumpff J. Modification of the neck-linker of KIF18A alters Microtubule subpopulation preference. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar3. [PMID: 37903223 PMCID: PMC10881168 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-05-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinesins support many diverse cellular processes, including facilitating cell division through mechanical regulation of the mitotic spindle. However, how kinesin activity is controlled to facilitate this process is not well understood. Interestingly, posttranslational modifications have been identified within the enzymatic region of all 45 mammalian kinesins, but the significance of these modifications has gone largely unexplored. Given the critical role of the enzymatic region in facilitating nucleotide and microtubule binding, it may serve as a primary site for kinesin regulation. Consistent with this idea, a phosphomimetic mutation at S357 in the neck-linker of KIF18A alters the localization of KIF18A within the spindle from kinetochore microtubules to nonkinetochore microtubules at the periphery of the spindle. Changes in localization of KIF18A-S357D are accompanied by defects in mitotic spindle positioning and the ability to promote mitotic progression. This altered localization pattern is mimicked by a shortened neck-linker mutant, suggesting that KIF18A-S357D may cause the motor to adopt a shortened neck-linker-like state that decreases KIF18A accumulation at the plus-ends of kinetochore microtubules. These findings demonstrate that posttranslational modifications in the enzymatic region of kinesins could be important for biasing their localization to particular microtubule subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn A. Queen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401
| | - Alisa Cario
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401
| | - Christopher L. Berger
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401
| | - Jason Stumpff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401
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8
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Neahring L, He Y, Cho NH, Liu G, Fernandes J, Rux CJ, Nakos K, Subramanian R, Upadhyayula S, Yildiz A, Dumont S. Torques within and outside the human spindle balance twist at anaphase. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.10.570990. [PMID: 38405786 PMCID: PMC10888964 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.10.570990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
At each cell division, nanometer-scale motors and microtubules give rise to the micron-scale spindle. Many mitotic motors step helically around microtubules in vitro, and most are predicted to twist the spindle in a left-handed direction. However, the human spindle exhibits only slight global twist, raising the question of how these molecular torques are balanced. Here, using lattice light sheet microscopy, we find that anaphase spindles in the epithelial cell line MCF10A have a high baseline twist, and we identify factors that both increase and decrease this twist. The midzone motors KIF4A and MKLP1 are redundantly required for left-handed twist at anaphase, and we show that KIF4A generates left-handed torque in vitro. The actin cytoskeleton also contributes to left-handed twist, but dynein and its cortical recruitment factor LGN counteract it. Together, our work demonstrates that force generators regulate twist in opposite directions from both within and outside the spindle, preventing strong spindle twist during chromosome segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lila Neahring
- Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yifei He
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Nathan H. Cho
- Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Tetrad Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gaoxiang Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Caleb J. Rux
- Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UC Berkeley/UC San Francisco Graduate Group in Bioengineering, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Konstantinos Nakos
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Radhika Subramanian
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Srigokul Upadhyayula
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ahmet Yildiz
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Physics Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sophie Dumont
- Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Tetrad Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UC Berkeley/UC San Francisco Graduate Group in Bioengineering, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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9
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Jiang L, Peng Z, Liang Y, Tang ZB, Liang K, Liu J, Liu Z. Strain-Driven Formal [1,3]-Aryl Shift within Molecular Bows. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312238. [PMID: 37656430 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Delving into the influence of strain on organic reactions in small molecules at the molecular level can unveil valuable insight into developing innovative synthetic strategies and structuring molecules with superior properties. Herein, we present a molecular-strain engineering approach to facilitate the consecutive [1,2]-aryl shift (formal [1,3]-aryl shift) in molecular bows (MBs) that integrate 1,4-dimethoxy-2,5-cyclohexadiene moieties. By introducing ring strain into MBs through tethering the bow limb, we can harness the intrinsic mechanical forces to drive multistep aryl shifts from the para- to the meta- to the ortho-position. Through the use of precise intramolecular strain, the seemingly impractical [1,3]-aryl shift was realized, resulting in the formation of ortho-disubstituted products. The solvent and temperature play a crucial role in the occurrence of the [1,3]-aryl shift. The free energy calculations with inclusion of solvation support a feasible mechanism, which entails multistep carbocation rearrangements, for the formal [1,3]-aryl shift. By exploring the application of molecular strain in synthetic chemistry, this research offers a promising direction for developing new tools and strategies towards precision organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Zhen Peng
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Yimin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Zheng-Bin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Kejiang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Zhichang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
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10
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Nithianantham S, Iwanski MK, Gaska I, Pandey H, Bodrug T, Inagaki S, Major J, Brouhard GJ, Gheber L, Rosenfeld SS, Forth S, Hendricks AG, Al-Bassam J. The kinesin-5 tail and bipolar minifilament domains are the origin of its microtubule crosslinking and sliding activity. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar111. [PMID: 37610838 PMCID: PMC10559304 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-07-0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinesin-5 crosslinks and slides apart microtubules to assemble, elongate, and maintain the mitotic spindle. Kinesin-5 is a tetramer, where two N-terminal motor domains are positioned at each end of the motor, and the coiled-coil stalk domains are organized into a tetrameric bundle through the bipolar assembly (BASS) domain. To dissect the function of the individual structural elements of the motor, we constructed a minimal kinesin-5 tetramer (mini-tetramer). We determined the x-ray structure of the extended, 34-nm BASS domain. Guided by these structural studies, we generated active bipolar kinesin-5 mini-tetramer motors from Drosophila melanogastor and human orthologues which are half the length of native kinesin-5. We then used these kinesin-5 mini-tetramers to examine the role of two unique structural adaptations of kinesin-5: 1) the length and flexibility of the tetramer, and 2) the C-terminal tails which interact with the motor domains to coordinate their ATPase activity. The C-terminal domain causes frequent pausing and clustering of kinesin-5. By comparing microtubule crosslinking and sliding by mini-tetramer and full-length kinesin-5, we find that both the length and flexibility of kinesin-5 and the C-terminal tails govern its ability to crosslink microtubules. Once crosslinked, stiffer mini-tetramers slide antiparallel microtubules more efficiently than full-length motors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Nithianantham
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Malina K. Iwanski
- Departments of Biology and Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada H3A 1B1
| | - Ignas Gaska
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180
| | - Himanshu Pandey
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Tatyana Bodrug
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Sayaka Inagaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224
| | - Jennifer Major
- Department of Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224
| | - Gary J. Brouhard
- Departments of Biology and Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada H3A 1B1
| | - Larissa Gheber
- Department of Chemistry, The Ben Gurion University, Ber Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Scott Forth
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180
| | - Adam G. Hendricks
- Departments of Biology and Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada H3A 1B1
| | - Jawdat Al-Bassam
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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11
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Salvador-Garcia D, Jin L, Hensley A, Gölcük M, Gallaud E, Chaaban S, Port F, Vagnoni A, Planelles-Herrero VJ, McClintock MA, Derivery E, Carter AP, Giet R, Gür M, Yildiz A, Bullock SL. A force-sensitive mutation reveals a spindle assembly checkpoint-independent role for dynein in anaphase progression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.03.551815. [PMID: 37577480 PMCID: PMC10418259 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.03.551815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The cytoplasmic dynein-1 (dynein) motor organizes cells by shaping microtubule networks and moving a large variety of cargoes along them. However, dynein's diverse roles complicate in vivo studies of its functions significantly. To address this issue, we have used gene editing to generate a series of missense mutations in Drosophila Dynein heavy chain (Dhc). We find that mutations associated with human neurological disease cause a range of defects in larval and adult flies, including impaired cargo trafficking in neurons. We also describe a novel mutation in the microtubule-binding domain (MTBD) of Dhc that, remarkably, causes metaphase arrest of mitotic spindles in the embryo but does not impair other dynein-dependent processes. We demonstrate that the mitotic arrest is independent of dynein's well-established roles in silencing the spindle assembly checkpoint. In vitro reconstitution and optical trapping assays reveal that the mutation only impairs the performance of dynein under load. In silico all-atom molecular dynamics simulations show that this effect correlates with increased flexibility of the MTBD, as well as an altered orientation of the stalk domain, with respect to the microtubule. Collectively, our data point to a novel role of dynein in anaphase progression that depends on the motor operating in a specific load regime. More broadly, our work illustrates how cytoskeletal transport processes can be dissected in vivo by manipulating mechanical properties of motors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Jin
- Cell Biology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Andrew Hensley
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Mert Gölcük
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, 34437, Turkey
| | - Emmanuel Gallaud
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes - UMR 6290, Université de Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Sami Chaaban
- Structural Studies Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Fillip Port
- Cell Biology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
- Current address: Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessio Vagnoni
- Cell Biology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
- Current address: Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, SE5 9RX, UK
| | | | - Mark A. McClintock
- Cell Biology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Emmanuel Derivery
- Cell Biology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Andrew P. Carter
- Structural Studies Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Régis Giet
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes - UMR 6290, Université de Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Mert Gür
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, 34437, Turkey
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Ahmet Yildiz
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Simon L. Bullock
- Cell Biology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
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12
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Liu X, Rao L, Qiu W, Gennerich A. Kinesin-14 HSET and KlpA are non-processive microtubule motors with load-dependent power strokes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.09.544415. [PMID: 37333225 PMCID: PMC10274885 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.09.544415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Accurate chromosome segregation during cell division relies on coordinated actions of microtubule (MT)-based motor proteins in the mitotic spindle. Kinesin-14 motors play vital roles in spindle assembly and maintenance by crosslinking antiparallel MTs at the spindle midzone and anchoring spindle MTs' minus ends at the poles. We investigate the force generation and motility of the Kinesin-14 motors HSET and KlpA, revealing that both motors function as non-processive motors under load, producing single power strokes per MT encounter. Each homodimeric motor generates forces of ∼0.5 pN, but when assembled in teams, they cooperate to generate forces of 1 pN or more. Importantly, cooperative activity among multiple motors leads to increased MT-sliding velocities. Our findings deepen our understanding of the structure-function relationship of Kinesin-14 motors and underscore the significance of cooperative behavior in their cellular functions.
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13
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Queen KA, Cario A, Berger CL, Stumpff J. Modification of the Neck Linker of KIF18A Alters Microtubule Subpopulation Preference. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.02.539080. [PMID: 37205510 PMCID: PMC10187232 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.02.539080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Kinesins support many diverse cellular processes, including facilitating cell division through mechanical regulation of the mitotic spindle. However, how kinesin activity is controlled to facilitate this process is not well understood. Interestingly, post-translational modifications have been identified within the enzymatic region of all 45 mammalian kinesins, but the significance of these modifications has gone largely unexplored. Given the critical role of the enzymatic region in facilitating nucleotide and microtubule binding, it may serve as a primary site for kinesin regulation. Consistent with this idea, a phosphomimetic mutation at S357 in the neck-linker of KIF18A alters the localization of KIF18A within the spindle from kinetochore microtubules to peripheral microtubules. Changes in localization of KIF18A-S357D are accompanied by defects in mitotic spindle positioning and the ability to promote mitotic progression. This altered localization pattern is mimicked by a shortened neck-linker mutant, suggesting that KIF18A-S357D may cause the motor to adopt a shortened neck-linker like state that prevents KIF18A from accumulating at the plus-ends of kinetochore microtubules. These findings demonstrate that post-translational modifications in the enzymatic region of kinesins could be important for biasing their localization to particular microtubule subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn A. Queen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401
| | - Alisa Cario
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401
- Current Institution: Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Christopher L. Berger
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401
| | - Jason Stumpff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401
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14
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Li T, Chen Q, Zhang Q, Feng T, Zhang J, Lin Y, Yang P, He S, Zhang H. Transcriptomic Analysis on the Effects of Altered Water Temperature Regime on the Fish Ovarian Development of Coreius guichenoti under the Impact of River Damming. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121829. [PMID: 36552338 PMCID: PMC9775624 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Field investigation indicated that the reduction in fish spawning was associated with the alteration in water temperatures, even a 2-3 °C monthly difference due to reservoir operations. However, the physiological mechanism that influences the development of fish ovary (DFO) remains unclear. Thus, experiments of Coreius guichenoti were conducted at three different temperatures, optimal temperature (~20 °C, N) for fish spawning, lower (~17 °C, L), and higher (~23 °C, H), to reveal the effects of altered water temperature on the DFO. Comparisons were made between the L and N (LvsN) conditions and H and N (HvsN) conditions. Transcriptomic analysis differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) related to heat stress were observed only in LvsN conditions, indicating that the DFO showed a stronger response to changes in LvsN than in HvsN conditions. Upregulation of DETs of vitellogenin receptors in N temperature showed that normal temperature was conducive to vitellogenin entry into the oocytes. Other temperature-sensitive DETs, including microtubule, kinesin, dynein, and actin, were closely associated with cell division and material transport. LvsN significantly impacted cell division and nutrient accumulation in the yolk, whereas HvsN only influenced cell division. Our results highlight the impact of altered water temperature on the DFO, thereby providing insights for future reservoir operations regarding river damming and climate change and establishing fish conservation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
- College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
- Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Qiuwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
- Correspondence: (Q.C.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-025-85829769 (Q.C.)
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
- College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Tao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Green Development, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yuqing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
- Correspondence: (Q.C.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-025-85829769 (Q.C.)
| | - Peisi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Shufeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
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15
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Striebel M, Brauns F, Frey E. Length Regulation Drives Self-Organization in Filament-Motor Mixtures. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:238102. [PMID: 36563230 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.238102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cytoskeletal networks form complex intracellular structures. Here we investigate a minimal model for filament-motor mixtures in which motors act as depolymerases and thereby regulate filament length. Combining agent-based simulations and hydrodynamic equations, we show that resource-limited length regulation drives the formation of filament clusters despite the absence of mechanical interactions between filaments. Even though the orientation of individual remains fixed, collective filament orientation emerges in the clusters, aligned orthogonal to their interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Striebel
- Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics and Center for NanoScience, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstrasse 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Fridtjof Brauns
- Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics and Center for NanoScience, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstrasse 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Erwin Frey
- Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics and Center for NanoScience, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstrasse 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany
- Max Planck School Matter to Life, Hofgartenstraße 8, D-80539 Munich, Germany
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16
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Abstract
Kinesin-14s constitute a subfamily of the large superfamily of adenosine triphosphate-dependent microtubule-based motor proteins. Kinesin-14s have the motor domain at the C-terminal end of the peptide, playing key roles during spindle assembly and maintenance. Some of them are nonprocessive motors, whereas others can move processively on microtubules. Here, we take budding yeast Cik1-Kar3 and human HSET as examples to study theoretically the dynamics of the processive kinesin-14 motor moving on the single microtubule under load, the dynamics of the motor coupled with an Ndc80 protein moving on the single microtubule, the dynamics of the motor moving in microtubule arrays, and so on. The dynamics of the nonprocessive Drosophila Ncd motor is also discussed. The studies explain well the available experimental data and, moreover, provide predicted results. We show that the processive kinesin-14 motors can move efficiently in microtubule arrays toward the minus ends, and after reaching the minus ends, they can stay there stably, thus performing the function of organizing the microtubules in the bipolar spindle into polar arrays at the spindle poles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xie
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
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17
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Poulos A, Budaitis BG, Verhey KJ. Single-motor and multi-motor motility properties of kinesin-6 family members. Biol Open 2022; 11:276958. [PMID: 36178151 PMCID: PMC9581516 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinesin motor proteins are responsible for orchestrating a variety of microtubule-based processes including intracellular transport, cell division, cytoskeletal organization, and cilium function. Members of the kinesin-6 family play critical roles in anaphase and cytokinesis during cell division as well as in cargo transport and microtubule organization during interphase, however little is known about their motility properties. We find that truncated versions of MKLP1 (HsKIF23), MKLP2 (HsKIF20A), and HsKIF20B largely interact statically with microtubules as single molecules but can also undergo slow, processive motility, most prominently for MKLP2. In multi-motor assays, all kinesin-6 proteins were able to drive microtubule gliding and MKLP1 and KIF20B were also able to drive robust transport of both peroxisomes, a low-load cargo, and Golgi, a high-load cargo, in cells. In contrast, MKLP2 showed minimal transport of peroxisomes and was unable to drive Golgi dispersion. These results indicate that the three mammalian kinesin-6 motor proteins can undergo processive motility but differ in their ability to generate forces needed to drive cargo transport and microtubule organization in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Poulos
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Breane G. Budaitis
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Authors for correspondence (; )
| | - Kristen J. Verhey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Authors for correspondence (; )
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18
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Wattanathamsan O, Pongrakhananon V. Emerging role of microtubule-associated proteins on cancer metastasis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:935493. [PMID: 36188577 PMCID: PMC9515585 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.935493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The major cause of death in cancer patients is strongly associated with metastasis. While much remains to be understood, microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) have shed light on metastatic progression’s molecular mechanisms. In this review article, we focus on the role of MAPs in cancer aggressiveness, particularly cancer metastasis activity. Increasing evidence has shown that a growing number of MAP member proteins might be fundamental regulators involved in altering microtubule dynamics, contributing to cancer migration, invasion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. MAP types have been established according to their microtubule-binding site and function in microtubule-dependent activities. We highlight that altered MAP expression was commonly found in many cancer types and related to cancer progression based on available evidence. Furthermore, we discuss and integrate the relevance of MAPs and related molecular signaling pathways in cancer metastasis. Our review provides a comprehensive understanding of MAP function on microtubules. It elucidates how MAPs regulate cancer progression, preferentially in metastasis, providing substantial scientific information on MAPs as potential therapeutic targets and prognostic markers for cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onsurang Wattanathamsan
- Preclinical Toxicity and Efficacy Assessment of Medicines and Chemicals Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Varisa Pongrakhananon
- Preclinical Toxicity and Efficacy Assessment of Medicines and Chemicals Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Varisa Pongrakhananon,
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19
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Dale KL, Armond JW, Hynds RE, Vladimirou E. Modest increase of KIF11 expression exposes fragilities in the mitotic spindle, causing chromosomal instability. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs260031. [PMID: 35929456 PMCID: PMC10500341 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN), the process of increased chromosomal alterations, compromises genomic integrity and has profound consequences on human health. Yet, our understanding of the molecular and mechanistic basis of CIN initiation remains limited. We developed a high-throughput, single-cell, image-based pipeline employing deep-learning and spot-counting models to detect CIN by automatically counting chromosomes and micronuclei. To identify CIN-initiating conditions, we used CRISPR activation in human diploid cells to upregulate, at physiologically relevant levels, 14 genes that are functionally important in cancer. We found that upregulation of CCND1, FOXA1 and NEK2 resulted in pronounced changes in chromosome counts, and KIF11 upregulation resulted in micronuclei formation. We identified KIF11-dependent fragilities within the mitotic spindle; increased levels of KIF11 caused centrosome fragmentation, higher microtubule stability, lagging chromosomes or mitotic catastrophe. Our findings demonstrate that even modest changes in the average expression of single genes in a karyotypically stable background are sufficient for initiating CIN by exposing fragilities of the mitotic spindle, which can lead to a genomically diverse cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L. Dale
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Mitotic Dynamics and Chromosomal Instability Laboratory, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jonathan W. Armond
- Mitotic Dynamics and Chromosomal Instability Laboratory, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Robert E. Hynds
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Epithelial Cell Biology in ENT Research Group, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Elina Vladimirou
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Mitotic Dynamics and Chromosomal Instability Laboratory, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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20
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Xie K, Wang Q. Cooperation and Competition Coexist in Bidirectional Transport by Motor Proteins. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:7336-7341. [PMID: 35920721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In intracellular transport, the cargo is usually simultaneously carried by two types of motor proteins that move oppositely, widely described as a "tug-of-war". We show theoretically that apart from the apparent competition, there is also a unintuitive cooperation between motors with opposite directionality. The model reproduces the in vivo experimental data with high accuracy. Under certain conditions, the cooperation can significantly increase the transport distance, rationalizing the choice of bidirectional over unidirectional transport in evolution. We further derive the exact analytical solution for the transport distance. Our results pave the road to understanding the physical nature of intracellular transport by motor proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Xie
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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21
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Belsham HR, Alghamdi HM, Dave N, Rathbone AJ, Wickstead B, Friel CT. A synthetic ancestral kinesin-13 depolymerizes microtubules faster than any natural depolymerizing kinesin. Open Biol 2022; 12:220133. [PMID: 36043268 PMCID: PMC9428548 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of a kinesin is largely determined by the approximately 350 residue motor domain, and this region alone is sufficient to classify a kinesin as a member of a particular family. The kinesin-13 family are a group of microtubule depolymerizing kinesins and are vital regulators of microtubule length. Kinesin-13s are critical to spindle assembly and chromosome segregation in both mitotic and meiotic cell division and play crucial roles in cilium length control and neuronal development. To better understand the evolution of microtubule depolymerization activity, we created a synthetic ancestral kinesin-13 motor domain. This phylogenetically inferred ancestral motor domain is the sequence predicted to have existed in the common ancestor of the kinesin-13 family. Here we show that the ancestral kinesin-13 motor depolymerizes stabilized microtubules faster than any previously tested depolymerase. This potent activity is more than an order of magnitude faster than the most highly studied kinesin-13, MCAK and allows the ancestral kinesin-13 to depolymerize doubly stabilized microtubules and cause internal breaks within microtubules. These data suggest that the ancestor of the kinesin-13 family was a 'super depolymerizer' and that members of the kinesin-13 family have evolved away from this extreme depolymerizing activity to provide more controlled microtubule depolymerization activity in extant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Belsham
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, QMC, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Hanan M Alghamdi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, QMC, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.,Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikita Dave
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, QMC, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Alexandra J Rathbone
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, QMC, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Bill Wickstead
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, QMC, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Claire T Friel
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, QMC, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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22
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The architecture of kinesin-3 KLP-6 reveals a multilevel-lockdown mechanism for autoinhibition. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4281. [PMID: 35879313 PMCID: PMC9314371 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32048-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoinhibition of kinesin-3 ensures the proper spatiotemporal control of the motor activity for intracellular transport, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we determine the full-length structure of kinesin-3 KLP-6 in a compact self-folded state. Unexpectedly, all the internal coiled-coil segments and domains in KLP-6 cooperate to successively lock down the neck and motor domains. The first coiled-coil segment is melted into several short helices that work with the motor domain to restrain the entire neck domain. The second coiled-coil segment associates with its neighboring FHA and MBS domains and integrates with the tail MATH domain to form a supramodule that synergistically wraps around the motor domain to trap the nucleotide and hinder the microtubule binding. This multilevel-lockdown mechanism for autoinhibition could be applicable to other kinesin-3 motors.
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23
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Torisawa T, Kimura A. Sequential accumulation of dynein and its regulatory proteins at the spindle region in the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11740. [PMID: 35817834 PMCID: PMC9273622 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein is responsible for various cellular processes during the cell cycle. The mechanism by which its activity is regulated spatially and temporarily inside the cell remains elusive. There are various regulatory proteins of dynein, including dynactin, NDEL1/NUD-2, and LIS1. Characterizing the spatiotemporal localization of regulatory proteins in vivo will aid understanding of the cellular regulation of dynein. Here, we focused on spindle formation in the Caenorhabditis elegans early embryo, wherein dynein and its regulatory proteins translocated from the cytoplasm to the spindle region upon nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD). We found that (i) a limited set of dynein regulatory proteins accumulated in the spindle region, (ii) the spatial localization patterns were distinct among the regulators, and (iii) the regulatory proteins did not accumulate in the spindle region simultaneously but sequentially. Furthermore, the accumulation of NUD-2 was unique among the regulators. NUD-2 started to accumulate before NEBD (pre-NEBD accumulation), and exhibited the highest enrichment compared to the cytoplasmic concentration. Using a protein injection approach, we revealed that the C-terminal helix of NUD-2 was responsible for pre-NEBD accumulation. These findings suggest a fine temporal control of the subcellular localization of regulatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Torisawa
- Cell Architecture Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan.,Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Sokendai, Mishima, Japan
| | - Akatsuki Kimura
- Cell Architecture Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan. .,Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Sokendai, Mishima, Japan.
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24
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Cai G. The legacy of kinesins in the pollen tube thirty years later. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2022; 79:8-19. [PMID: 35766009 PMCID: PMC9542081 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The pollen tube is fundamental in the reproduction of seed plants. Particularly in angiosperms, we now have much information about how it grows, how it senses extracellular signals, and how it converts them into a directional growth mechanism. The expansion of the pollen tube is also related to dynamic cytoplasmic processes based on the cytoskeleton (such as polymerization/depolymerization of microtubules and actin filaments) or motor activity along with the two cytoskeletal systems and is dependent on motor proteins. While a considerable amount of information is available for the actomyosin system in the pollen tube, the role of microtubules in the transport of organelles or macromolecular structures is still quite uncertain despite that 30 years ago the first work on the presence of kinesins in the pollen tube was published. Since then, progress has been made in elucidating the role of kinesins in plant cells. However, their role within the pollen tube is still enigmatic. In this review, I will postulate some roles of kinesins in the pollen tube 30 years after their initial discovery based on information obtained in other plant cells in the meantime. The most concrete hypotheses predict that kinesins in the pollen tube enable the short movement of specific organelles or contribute to generative cell or sperm cell transport, as well as mediate specific steps in the process of endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampiero Cai
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, via Mattioli 4, Siena, Italy
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25
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Khan MKA, Ahmad S, Rabbani G, Shahab U, Khan MS. Target-based virtual screening, computational multiscoring docking and molecular dynamics simulation of small molecules as promising drug candidate affecting kinesin-like protein KIFC1. Cell Biochem Funct 2022; 40:451-472. [PMID: 35758564 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The kinesin family member C1 (KIFC1) is an essential protein that facilitates the bipolar division of neoplastic cells. Inhibiting KIFC1 by small molecules is a lucrative strategy to impede bipolar mitosis leading to the apoptosis of cancerous cells. The research aims to envisage small-molecule inhibitors targeting KIFC1. The Mcule database, a comprehensive online digital platform containing more than five million chemical compounds, was used for structure-based virtual screening (SBVS). Druglikeness filtration sifted 2,293,282 chemical hits that further narrowed down to 49 molecules after toxicity profiling. Finally, 39 compounds that comply with the BOILED-Egg permeation predictive model of the ADME rules were carried forward for multiscoring docking using the AutoDock Vina inbuilt to Mcule drug discovery platform, DockThor and SwissDock tools. The mean of ΔG terms produced by docking tools was computed to find consensus top ligand hits. AZ82 exhibited stronger binding (Consensus ΔG: -7.99 kcal mol-1 ) with KIFC1 among reference inhibitors, for example, CW069 (-7.57 kcal mol-1 ) and SR31527 (-7.01 kcal mol-1 ). Ten ligand hits namely, Mcule-4895338547 (Consensus ΔG: -8.69 kcal mol-1 ), Mcule-7035674888 (-8.42 kcal mol-1 ), Mcule-5531166845 (-8.53 kcal mol-1 ), Mcule-3248415882 (-8.55 kcal mol-1 ), Mcule-291881733 (-8.41 kcal mol-1 ), Mcule-5918624394 (-8.44), Mcule-3470115427 (-8.47), Mcule-3686193135 (-8.18 kcal mol-1 ), Mcule-3955355291 (8.09 kcal mol-1 ) and Mcule-9534899193 (-8.01 kcal mol-1 ) depicted strong binding interactions with KIFC1 in comparison to potential reference inhibitor AZ82. The top four ligands and AZ82 were considered for molecular dynamics simulation of 50 ns duration. Toxicity profiling, physicochemical properties, lipophilicity, solubility, pharmacokinetics, druglikeness, medicinal chemistry attributes, average potential energy, RMSD, RMSF, SASA, ΔGsolv and Rg analyses forecast the ligand mcule-4895338547 as a promising inhibitor of KIFC1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saheem Ahmad
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Gulam Rabbani
- Nano Diagnostics & Devices (NDD), IT Medical Fusion Center, Gumi-si, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Uzma Shahab
- Department of Biotechnology, KMC Language University, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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26
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Nicolai A, Taurone S, Carradori S, Artico M, Greco A, Costi R, Scarpa S. The kinesin Eg5 inhibitor K858 exerts antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects and attenuates the invasive potential of head and neck squamous carcinoma cells. Invest New Drugs 2022; 40:556-564. [PMID: 35312942 PMCID: PMC9098576 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-022-01238-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Our group recently demonstrated that K858, an inhibitor of motor kinesin Eg5, has important antiproliferative and apoptotic effects on breast cancer, prostatic cancer, melanoma and glioblastoma cells. Since high levels of kinesin Eg5 expression have been correlated with a poor prognosis in laryngeal carcinoma, we decided to test the anticancer activity of K858 toward this tumor, which belongs to the group of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). These cancers are characterized by low responsiveness to therapy. The effects of K858 on the proliferation and assembly of mitotic spindles of three human HNSCC cell lines were studied using cytotoxicity assays and immunofluorescence for tubulin. The effect of K858 on the cell cycle was analyzed by FACS. The expression levels of cyclin B1 and several markers of apoptosis and invasion were studied by Western blot. Finally, the negative regulation of the malignant phenotype by K858 was evaluated by an invasion assay. K858 inhibited cell replication by rendering cells incapable of developing normal bipolar mitotic spindles. At the same time, K858 blocked the cell cycle in the G2 phase and induced the accumulation of cytoplasmic cyclin B and, eventually, apoptosis. Additionally, K858 inhibited cell migration and attenuated the malignant phenotype. The data described confirm that kinesin Eg5 is an interesting target for new anticancer strategies and suggest that this compound may be a powerful tool for an alternative therapeutic approach to HNSCCs.
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27
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Tamayo NA, Bourbeau MP, Allen JR, Ashton KS, Chen JJ, Kaller MR, Nguyen TT, Nishimura N, Pettus LH, Walton M, Belmontes B, Moriguchi J, Chen K, McCarter JD, Hanestad K, Chung G, Ninniri MSS, Sun J, Poppe L, Spahr C, Hui J, Jia L, Wu T, Dahal UP, Edson KZ, Payton M. Targeting the Mitotic Kinesin KIF18A in Chromosomally Unstable Cancers: Hit Optimization Toward an In Vivo Chemical Probe. J Med Chem 2022; 65:4972-4990. [PMID: 35286090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer that results from errors in chromosome segregation during mitosis. Targeting of CIN-associated vulnerabilities is an emerging therapeutic strategy in drug development. KIF18A, a mitotic kinesin, has been shown to play a role in maintaining bipolar spindle integrity and promotes viability of CIN cancer cells. To explore the potential of KIF18A, a series of inhibitors was identified. Optimization of an initial hit led to the discovery of analogues that could be used as chemical probes to interrogate the role of KIF18A inhibition. Compounds 23 and 24 caused significant mitotic arrest in vivo, which was sustained for 24 h. This would be followed by cell death either in mitosis or in the subsequent interphase. Furthermore, photoaffinity labeling experiments reveal that this series of inhibitors binds at the interface of KIF18A and tubulin. This study represents the first disclosure of KIF18A inhibitors with in vivo activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria A Tamayo
- Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Matthew P Bourbeau
- Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Jennifer R Allen
- Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Kate S Ashton
- Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Jian Jeffrey Chen
- Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Matthew R Kaller
- Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Thomas T Nguyen
- Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Nobuko Nishimura
- Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Liping H Pettus
- Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Mary Walton
- Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Brian Belmontes
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Jodi Moriguchi
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Kui Chen
- Discovery Technologies, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - John D McCarter
- Discovery Technologies, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Kelly Hanestad
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Grace Chung
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Maria Stefania S Ninniri
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Jan Sun
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Leszek Poppe
- Discovery Attribute Sciences, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Chris Spahr
- Discovery Attribute Sciences, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - John Hui
- Discovery Attribute Sciences, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Lei Jia
- Computational & Data Sciences, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Tian Wu
- Pre-Pivotal Drug Product, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Upendra P Dahal
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Research, 1120 Veterans Blvd., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Katheryne Z Edson
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Marc Payton
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
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28
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Raudaskoski M. Kinesin Motors in the Filamentous Basidiomycetes in Light of the Schizophyllum commune Genome. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8030294. [PMID: 35330296 PMCID: PMC8950801 DOI: 10.3390/jof8030294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinesins are essential motor molecules of the microtubule cytoskeleton. All eukaryotic organisms have several genes encoding kinesin proteins, which are necessary for various cell biological functions. During the vegetative growth of filamentous basidiomycetes, the apical cells of long leading hyphae have microtubules extending toward the tip. The reciprocal exchange and migration of nuclei between haploid hyphae at mating is also dependent on cytoskeletal structures, including the microtubules and their motor molecules. In dikaryotic hyphae, resulting from a compatible mating, the nuclear location, synchronous nuclear division, and extensive nuclear separation at telophase are microtubule-dependent processes that involve unidentified molecular motors. The genome of Schizophyllum commune is analyzed as an example of a species belonging to the Basidiomycota subclass, Agaricomycetes. In this subclass, the investigation of cell biology is restricted to a few species. Instead, the whole genome sequences of several species are now available. The analyses of the mating type genes and the genes necessary for fruiting body formation or wood degrading enzymes in several genomes of Agaricomycetes have shown that they are controlled by comparable systems. This supports the idea that the genes regulating the cell biological process in a model fungus, such as the genes encoding kinesin motor molecules, are also functional in other filamentous Agaricomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjatta Raudaskoski
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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29
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Wei YL, Fan XJ, Diao YY, She ZY, Wang XR. Kinesin-14 KIFC1 modulates spindle assembly and chromosome segregation in mouse spermatocytes. Exp Cell Res 2022; 414:113095. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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30
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Yan W, Ansari S, Lamson A, Glaser MA, Blackwell R, Betterton MD, Shelley M. Toward the cellular-scale simulation of motor-driven cytoskeletal assemblies. eLife 2022; 11:74160. [PMID: 35617115 PMCID: PMC9135453 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoskeleton - a collection of polymeric filaments, molecular motors, and crosslinkers - is a foundational example of active matter, and in the cell assembles into organelles that guide basic biological functions. Simulation of cytoskeletal assemblies is an important tool for modeling cellular processes and understanding their surprising material properties. Here, we present aLENS (a Living Ensemble Simulator), a novel computational framework designed to surmount the limits of conventional simulation methods. We model molecular motors with crosslinking kinetics that adhere to a thermodynamic energy landscape, and integrate the system dynamics while efficiently and stably enforcing hard-body repulsion between filaments. Molecular potentials are entirely avoided in imposing steric constraints. Utilizing parallel computing, we simulate tens to hundreds of thousands of cytoskeletal filaments and crosslinking motors, recapitulating emergent phenomena such as bundle formation and buckling. This simulation framework can help elucidate how motor type, thermal fluctuations, internal stresses, and confinement determine the evolution of cytoskeletal active matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yan
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron InstituteNew YorkUnited States
| | - Saad Ansari
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado BoulderBoulderUnited States
| | - Adam Lamson
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron InstituteNew YorkUnited States,Department of Physics, University of Colorado BoulderBoulderUnited States
| | - Matthew A Glaser
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado BoulderBoulderUnited States
| | - Robert Blackwell
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron InstituteNew YorkUnited States
| | - Meredith D Betterton
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron InstituteNew YorkUnited States,Department of Physics, University of Colorado BoulderBoulderUnited States,Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado BoulderBoulderUnited States
| | - Michael Shelley
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron InstituteNew YorkUnited States,Courant Institute, New York UniversityNew YorkUnited States
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31
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Solon AL, Tan Z, Schutt KL, Jepsen L, Haynes SE, Nesvizhskii AI, Sept D, Stumpff J, Ohi R, Cianfrocco MA. Kinesin-binding protein remodels the kinesin motor to prevent microtubule binding. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj9812. [PMID: 34797717 PMCID: PMC8604404 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj9812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Kinesins are regulated in space and time to ensure activation only in the presence of cargo. Kinesin-binding protein (KIFBP), which is mutated in Goldberg-Shprintzen syndrome, binds to and inhibits the catalytic motor heads of 8 of 45 kinesin superfamily members, but the mechanism remains poorly defined. Here, we used cryo–electron microscopy and cross-linking mass spectrometry to determine high-resolution structures of KIFBP alone and in complex with two mitotic kinesins, revealing structural remodeling of kinesin by KIFBP. We find that KIFBP remodels kinesin motors and blocks microtubule binding (i) via allosteric changes to kinesin and (ii) by sterically blocking access to the microtubule. We identified two regions of KIFBP necessary for kinesin binding and cellular regulation during mitosis. Together, this work further elucidates the molecular mechanism of KIFBP-mediated kinesin inhibition and supports a model in which structural rearrangement of kinesin motor domains by KIFBP abrogates motor protein activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- April L. Solon
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zhenyu Tan
- Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Katherine L. Schutt
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Lauren Jepsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sarah E. Haynes
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alexey I. Nesvizhskii
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David Sept
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jason Stumpff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Ryoma Ohi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael A. Cianfrocco
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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32
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Cook AD, Roberts AJ, Atherton J, Tewari R, Topf M, Moores CA. Cryo-EM structure of a microtubule-bound parasite kinesin motor and implications for its mechanism and inhibition. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101063. [PMID: 34375637 PMCID: PMC8526983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium parasites cause malaria and are responsible annually for hundreds of thousands of deaths. Kinesins are a superfamily of microtubule-dependent ATPases that play important roles in the parasite replicative machinery, which is a potential target for antiparasite drugs. Kinesin-5, a molecular motor that cross-links microtubules, is an established antimitotic target in other disease contexts, but its mechanism in Plasmodium falciparum is unclear. Here, we characterized P. falciparum kinesin-5 (PfK5) using cryo-EM to determine the motor's nucleotide-dependent microtubule-bound structure and introduced 3D classification of individual motors into our microtubule image processing pipeline to maximize our structural insights. Despite sequence divergence in PfK5, the motor exhibits classical kinesin mechanochemistry, including ATP-induced subdomain rearrangement and cover neck bundle formation, consistent with its plus-ended directed motility. We also observed that an insertion in loop5 of the PfK5 motor domain creates a different environment in the well-characterized human kinesin-5 drug-binding site. Our data reveal the possibility for selective inhibition of PfK5 and can be used to inform future exploration of Plasmodium kinesins as antiparasite targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D Cook
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony J Roberts
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Atherton
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rita Tewari
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Maya Topf
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carolyn A Moores
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom.
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33
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Ryniawec JM, Rogers GC. Centrosome instability: when good centrosomes go bad. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6775-6795. [PMID: 34476544 PMCID: PMC8560572 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03928-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The centrosome is a tiny cytoplasmic organelle that organizes and constructs massive molecular machines to coordinate diverse cellular processes. Due to its many roles during both interphase and mitosis, maintaining centrosome homeostasis is essential to normal health and development. Centrosome instability, divergence from normal centrosome number and structure, is a common pathognomonic cellular state tightly associated with cancers and other genetic diseases. As novel connections are investigated linking the centrosome to disease, it is critical to understand the breadth of centrosome functions to inspire discovery. In this review, we provide an introduction to normal centrosome function and highlight recent discoveries that link centrosome instability to specific disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Ryniawec
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, 1515 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Gregory C Rogers
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, 1515 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
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34
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Nasrin SR, Ganser C, Nishikawa S, Kabir AMR, Sada K, Yamashita T, Ikeguchi M, Uchihashi T, Hess H, Kakugo A. Deformation of microtubules regulates translocation dynamics of kinesin. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabf2211. [PMID: 34644102 PMCID: PMC10763888 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf2211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules, the most rigid components of the cytoskeleton, can be key transduction elements between external forces and the cellular environment. Mechanical forces induce microtubule deformation, which is presumed to be critical for the mechanoregulation of cellular events. However, concrete evidence is lacking. In this work, with high-speed atomic force microscopy, we unravel how microtubule deformation regulates the translocation of the microtubule-associated motor protein kinesin-1, responsible for intracellular transport. Our results show that the microtubule deformation by bending impedes the translocation dynamics of kinesins along them. Molecular dynamics simulation shows that the hindered translocation of kinesins can be attributed to an enhanced affinity of kinesins to the microtubule structural units in microtubules deformed by bending. This study advances our understanding of the role of cytoskeletal components in mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Ganser
- Department of Creative Research, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Seiji Nishikawa
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | | | - Kazuki Sada
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takefumi Yamashita
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Ikeguchi
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takayuki Uchihashi
- Department of Creative Research, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Henry Hess
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Akira Kakugo
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
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35
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Ciorîță A, Bugiel M, Sudhakar S, Schäffer E, Jannasch A. Single depolymerizing and transport kinesins stabilize microtubule ends. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2021; 78:177-184. [PMID: 34310069 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules are highly dynamic cellular filaments and an accurate control of their length is important for many intracellular processes like cell division. Among other factors, microtubule length is actively modulated by motors from the kinesin superfamily. For example, yeast kinesin-8, Kip3, motors depolymerize microtubules by a cooperative, force- and length-dependent mechanism. However, whether single motors can also depolymerize microtubules is unclear. Here, we measured how single kinesin motors influenced the stability of microtubules in an in vitro assay. Using label-free interference reflection microscopy, we determined the spontaneous microtubule depolymerization rate of stabilized microtubules in the presence of kinesins. Surprisingly, we found that both single Kip3 and nondepolymerizing kinesin-1 transport motors, used as a control, stabilized microtubules further. For Kip3, this behavior is contrary to the collective force-dependent depolymerization activity of multiple motors. Because of the control measurement, the finding may hint at a more general stabilization mechanism. The complex, concentration-dependent interaction with microtubule ends provides new insights into the molecular mechanism of kinesin-8 and its regulatory function of microtubule length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Ciorîță
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Integrated Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Michael Bugiel
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Swathi Sudhakar
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,MRC London Institute of Medical Science, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Erik Schäffer
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anita Jannasch
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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36
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Li Y, Zhu X, Yang M, Wang Y, Li J, Fang J, Guo W, Ma S, Guan F. YAP/TEAD4-induced KIF4A contributes to the progression and worse prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2021; 60:440-454. [PMID: 34003522 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of kinesin family member 4A (KIF4A), which is associated with tumor progression, has been reported in several types of cancer. However, its expression and the underlying molecular mechanisms regulating the transcription of KIF4A in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain largely unclear. Here, we found that high KIF4A expression was positively correlated with tumor stage and poor prognosis in ESCC patients. KIF4A silencing significantly inhibited the growth and migration of ESCC cells, arrested cell cycle, and induced apoptosis. Interestingly, KIF4A expression was positively related to the expression of YAP in human ESCC tissues. YAP knockdown or disrupting YAP/TEAD4 interaction by verteporfin repressed KIF4A expression. Also, KIF4A knockdown significantly inhibited the cell growth induced by YAP overexpression. Mechanistically, YAP activated KIF4A transcriptional expression by TEAD4-mediated direct binding to KIF4A promoter. Finally, KIF4A knockdown and verteporfin treatment synergistically inhibited tumor growth in xenograft models. Together, these results indicated that KIF4A, a novel target gene of YAP/TEAD4, may be a progression and prognostic biomarker of ESCC. Targeting drugs for KIF4A combined with YAP inhibitor may be a novel therapeutic strategy for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiangzhan Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences , East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minglei Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jianhui Li
- Department of Pathology, Xuchang Central Hospital Affiliated to Henan University of Science and Technology, Xuchang, China
| | - Jiarui Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenna Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shanshan Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fangxia Guan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Elting MW. Cytoskeletal biophysics: Passive crosslinker adapts to keep microtubule bundles on track. Curr Biol 2021; 31:R793-R796. [PMID: 34157264 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Assembly of the mitotic spindle requires dynamic adaptation and coordination among an array of motors and crosslinkers. A new study demonstrates in vitro how the mitotic crosslinker PRC1 can tune its behavior to regulate the speed of microtubule sliding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Williard Elting
- Department of Physics, Cluster for Quantitative and Computational Developmental Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
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38
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Barisic M, Rajendraprasad G. Mitotic poleward flux: Finding balance between microtubule dynamics and sliding. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2100079. [PMID: 34085708 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Continuous poleward motion of microtubules in metazoan mitotic spindles has been fascinating generations of cell biologists over the last several decades. In human cells, this so-called poleward flux was recently shown to be driven by the coordinated action of four mitotic kinesins. The sliding activities of kinesin-5/EG5 and kinesin-12/KIF15 are sequentially supported by kinesin-7/CENP-E at kinetochores and kinesin-4/KIF4A on chromosome arms, with the individual contributions peaking during prometaphase and metaphase, respectively. Although recent data elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying this cellular phenomenon, the functional roles of microtubule poleward flux during cell division remain largely elusive. Here, we discuss potential contribution of microtubule flux engine to various essential processes at different stages of mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Barisic
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center (DCRC), Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Girish Rajendraprasad
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center (DCRC), Copenhagen, Denmark
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39
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Zhou Q, Yu J, Zheng Q, Wu T, Ji Z, Zhuo Y. Kinesin family member 3A stimulates cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of bladder cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:1487-1496. [PMID: 31774623 PMCID: PMC8091814 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the urinary system, with high morbidity and mortality. At present, the survival rates and prognosis of patients with bladder cancer are still relatively low; thus, there remains a need to improve prognosis by identifying novel targets. Kinesins (kinesin superfamily proteins) are a series of microtubule-based motor proteins that mediate various types of cellular processes. Kinesin family member 3A (KIF3A) is critical for cytoplasm separation in mitosis, and it has been reported to be misexpressed in multiple types of cancer. However, its effects on the progression and development of bladder cancer remain unclear. Herein, we report that KIF3A is highly expressed in human bladder cancer. We identified a significant correlation between KIF3A and clinical features, including clinical stage (P = 0.047), pathological tumor status (P = 0.045), lymph node status (P = 0.041) and metastasis (P = 0.035). KIF3A expression was also correlated with poor prognosis of patients with bladder cancer. Our results further indicated that KIF3A ablation resulted in cell cycle arrest; blocked the proliferation, migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells in vitro; and restrained tumor growth in mice in a microtubule-dependent manner. In summary, our findings suggest that KIF3A is a potential therapeutic target for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchun Zhou
- Department of UrologyFirst Affiliated HospitalJinan UniversityGuangzhou CityChina
- Department of UrologyShenzhen HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityShenzhen CityChina
| | - Juan Yu
- Department of Medical ImagingShenzhen Second People's HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityChina
| | - Qingyou Zheng
- Department of UrologyShenzhen HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityShenzhen CityChina
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of UrologyShenzhen HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityShenzhen CityChina
| | - Ziliang Ji
- Department of UrologyShenzhen HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityShenzhen CityChina
| | - Yumin Zhuo
- Department of UrologyFirst Affiliated HospitalJinan UniversityGuangzhou CityChina
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40
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O’Neill RT, Boulatov R. The many flavours of mechanochemistry and its plausible conceptual underpinnings. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:148-167. [PMID: 37117533 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-020-00249-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mechanochemistry describes diverse phenomena in which mechanical load affects chemical reactivity. The fuzziness of this definition means that it includes processes as seemingly disparate as motor protein function, organic synthesis in a ball mill, reactions at a propagating crack, chemical actuation, and polymer fragmentation in fast solvent flows and in mastication. In chemistry, the rate of a reaction in a flask does not depend on how fast the flask moves in space. In mechanochemistry, the rate at which a material is deformed affects which and how many bonds break. In other words, in some manifestations of mechanochemistry, macroscopic motion powers otherwise endergonic reactions. In others, spontaneous chemical reactions drive mechanical motion. Neither requires thermal or electrostatic gradients. Distinct manifestations of mechanochemistry are conventionally treated as being conceptually independent, which slows the field in its transformation from being a collection of observations to a rigorous discipline. In this Review, we highlight observations suggesting that the unifying feature of mechanochemical phenomena may be the coupling between inertial motion at the microscale to macroscale and changes in chemical bonding enabled by transient build-up and relaxation of strains, from macroscopic to molecular. This dynamic coupling across multiple length scales and timescales also greatly complicates the conceptual understanding of mechanochemistry.
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41
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Zheng X, Gao X, Wang J, Du C, Hou C, Xie Q, Lou B, Liu F, Zhu J. KIFC1 functions in nuclear reshaping and midpiece formation during the spermatogenesis of small yellow croaker Larimichthys polyactis. Anim Reprod Sci 2021; 226:106702. [PMID: 33581918 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The C-terminal kinesin motor protein (KIFC1) has essential functions in spermatogenesis. To evaluate molecular mechanisms of KIFC1 during teleost fish spermatogenesis, there was cloning and sequencing the kifc1 cDNA in the testis of Larimichthys polyactis. Quantitative PCR results indicated there were Lp-kifc1 mRNA transcripts in the testes. Results from conducting fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence procedures indicated there were trends in relative abundance changes in Lp-kifc1 mRNA transcripts that were associated with abundance of Lp-KIFC1 protein during spermatogenesis. The Lp-KIFC1 protein was detected at all stages of spermatogenesis. There was minimal Lp-KIFC1 in the cytoplasm of spermatogonia, with content being greater and concentrated in the perinuclear region in spermatocytes and during early/mid-stages of development of spermatids. There were large abundances of Lp-KIFC1 in spermatids at the mid-developmental stage. In late-developing spermatids, Lp-KIFC1 content was less and concentrated in the bottom of the nucleus, where the midpiece formed. There was a small Lp-KIFC1 in the midpiece of mature sperm. These findings indicate Lp-KIFC1 may have functions in L. polyactis spermatogenesis. Results from conducting immunofluorescence procedures indicated Lp-KIFC1 was co-localized microtubules and mitochondria throughout spermatogenesis. There were large abundances of Lp-KIFC1 and tubulin in spermatids during the mid-developmental stage, when there is a decrease in size and reshaping of the nucleus. During midpiece formation, there was co-localization of the Lp-KIFC1 and mitochondria in the spermatid perinuclear region to the midpiece. These findings indicate Lp-KIFC1 is involved in nuclear reshaping and midpiece formation during spermatogenesis in L. polyactis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology by the Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Xinming Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology by the Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Jingqian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology by the Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Chen Du
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology by the Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Congcong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology by the Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Qingping Xie
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310021, China
| | - Bao Lou
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310021, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310021, China
| | - Junquan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology by the Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
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42
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Joseph NF, Swarnkar S, Puthanveettil SV. Double Duty: Mitotic Kinesins and Their Post-Mitotic Functions in Neurons. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010136. [PMID: 33445569 PMCID: PMC7827351 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons, regarded as post-mitotic cells, are characterized by their extensive dendritic and axonal arborization. This unique architecture imposes challenges to how to supply materials required at distal neuronal components. Kinesins are molecular motor proteins that mediate the active delivery of cellular materials along the microtubule cytoskeleton for facilitating the local biochemical and structural changes at the synapse. Recent studies have made intriguing observations that some kinesins that function during neuronal mitosis also have a critical role in post-mitotic neurons. However, we know very little about the function and regulation of such kinesins. Here, we summarize the known cellular and biochemical functions of mitotic kinesins in post-mitotic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine F. Joseph
- The Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA;
| | - Supriya Swarnkar
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA;
| | - Sathyanarayanan V Puthanveettil
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-561-228-3504; Fax: +1-568-228-2249
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43
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Villari G, Enrico Bena C, Del Giudice M, Gioelli N, Sandri C, Camillo C, Fiorio Pla A, Bosia C, Serini G. Distinct retrograde microtubule motor sets drive early and late endosome transport. EMBO J 2020; 39:e103661. [PMID: 33215754 PMCID: PMC7737607 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although subcellular positioning of endosomes significantly impacts on their functions, the molecular mechanisms governing the different steady‐state distribution of early endosomes (EEs) and late endosomes (LEs)/lysosomes (LYs) in peripheral and perinuclear eukaryotic cell areas, respectively, are still unsolved. We unveil that such differences arise because, while LE retrograde transport depends on the dynein microtubule (MT) motor only, the one of EEs requires the cooperative antagonism of dynein and kinesin‐14 KIFC1, a MT minus end‐directed motor involved in cancer progression. Mechanistically, the Ser‐x‐Ile‐Pro (SxIP) motif‐mediated interaction of the endoplasmic reticulum transmembrane protein stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) with the MT plus end‐binding protein 1 (EB1) promotes its association with the p150Glued subunit of the dynein activator complex dynactin and the distinct location of EEs and LEs/LYs. The peripheral distribution of EEs requires their p150Glued‐mediated simultaneous engagement with dynein and SxIP motif‐containing KIFC1, via HOOK1 and HOOK3 adaptors, respectively. In sum, we provide evidence that distinct minus end‐directed MT motor systems drive the differential transport and subcellular distribution of EEs and LEs in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Villari
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute - Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Enrico Bena
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Torino, Italy.,IIGM - Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Marco Del Giudice
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Torino, Italy.,IIGM - Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Noemi Gioelli
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute - Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Sandri
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute - Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Camillo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute - Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fiorio Pla
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Carla Bosia
- IIGM - Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Candiolo, Italy.,Department of Applied Science and Technology, Polytechnic of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Guido Serini
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute - Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Torino, Italy
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44
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Lopes D, Maiato H. The Tubulin Code in Mitosis and Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112356. [PMID: 33114575 PMCID: PMC7692294 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The “tubulin code” combines different α/β-tubulin isotypes with several post-translational modifications (PTMs) to generate microtubule diversity in cells. During cell division, specific microtubule populations in the mitotic spindle are differentially modified, but only recently, the functional significance of the tubulin code, with particular emphasis on the role specified by tubulin PTMs, started to be elucidated. This is the case of α-tubulin detyrosination, which was shown to guide chromosomes during congression to the metaphase plate and allow the discrimination of mitotic errors, whose correction is required to prevent chromosomal instability—a hallmark of human cancers implicated in tumor evolution and metastasis. Although alterations in the expression of certain tubulin isotypes and associated PTMs have been reported in human cancers, it remains unclear whether and how the tubulin code has any functional implications for cancer cell properties. Here, we review the role of the tubulin code in chromosome segregation during mitosis and how it impacts cancer cell properties. In this context, we discuss the existence of an emerging “cancer tubulin code” and the respective implications for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Lopes
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Group, i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Helder Maiato
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Group, i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Cell Division Group, Experimental Biology Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-22-040-8800
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45
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How Kinesin-1 Utilize the Energy of Nucleotide: The Conformational Changes and Mechanochemical Coupling in the Unidirectional Motion of Kinesin-1. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186977. [PMID: 32972035 PMCID: PMC7555842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinesin-1 is a typical motile molecular motor and the founding member of the kinesin family. The most significant feature in the unidirectional motion of kinesin-1 is its processivity. To realize the fast and processive movement on the microtubule lattice, kinesin-1 efficiently transforms the chemical energy of nucleotide binding and hydrolysis to the energy of mechanical movement. The chemical and mechanical cycle of kinesin-1 are coupled to avoid futile nucleotide hydrolysis. In this paper, the research on the mechanical pathway of energy transition and the regulating mechanism of the mechanochemical cycle of kinesin-1 is reviewed.
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46
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Swentowsky KW, Gent JI, Lowry EG, Schubert V, Ran X, Tseng KF, Harkess AE, Qiu W, Dawe RK. Distinct kinesin motors drive two types of maize neocentromeres. Genes Dev 2020; 34:1239-1251. [PMID: 32820038 PMCID: PMC7462060 DOI: 10.1101/gad.340679.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A maize chromosome variant called abnormal chromosome 10 (Ab10) converts knobs on chromosome arms into neocentromeres, causing their preferential segregation to egg cells in a process known as meiotic drive. We previously demonstrated that the gene Kinesin driver (Kindr) on Ab10 encodes a kinesin-14 required to mobilize neocentromeres made up of the major tandem repeat knob180. Here we describe a second kinesin-14 gene, TR-1 kinesin (Trkin), that is required to mobilize neocentromeres made up of the minor tandem repeat TR-1. Trkin lies in a 4-Mb region of Ab10 that is not syntenic with any other region of the maize genome and shows extraordinary sequence divergence from Kindr and other kinesins in plants. Despite its unusual structure, Trkin encodes a functional minus end-directed kinesin that specifically colocalizes with TR-1 in meiosis, forming long drawn out neocentromeres. TRKIN contains a nuclear localization signal and localizes to knobs earlier in prophase than KINDR. The fact that TR-1 repeats often co-occur with knob180 repeats suggests that the current role of the TRKIN/TR-1 system is to facilitate the meiotic drive of the KINDR/knob180 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle W Swentowsky
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Jonathan I Gent
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Lowry
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Veit Schubert
- Department of Breeding Research, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Xia Ran
- Department of Physics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Kuo-Fu Tseng
- Department of Physics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Alex E Harkess
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Weihong Qiu
- Department of Physics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - R Kelly Dawe
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens Georgia 30602, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens Georgia 30602, USA
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47
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Kinesin-14 motors drive a right-handed helical motion of antiparallel microtubules around each other. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2565. [PMID: 32444784 PMCID: PMC7244531 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16328-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the mitotic spindle, kinesin motors cross-link and slide overlapping microtubules. Some of these motors exhibit off-axis power strokes, but their impact on motility and force generation in microtubule overlaps has not been investigated. Here, we develop and utilize a three-dimensional in vitro motility assay to explore kinesin-14, Ncd, driven sliding of cross-linked microtubules. We observe that free microtubules, sliding on suspended microtubules, not only rotate around their own axis but also move around the suspended microtubules with right-handed helical trajectories. Importantly, the associated torque is large enough to cause microtubule twisting and coiling. Further, our technique allows us to measure the in situ spatial extension of the motors between cross-linked microtubules to be about 20 nm. We argue that the capability of microtubule-crosslinking kinesins to cause helical motion of overlapping microtubules around each other allows for flexible filament organization, roadblock circumvention and torque generation in the mitotic spindle. Some kinesins exhibit off-axis power strokes but their impact on motility and force generation in microtubule overlaps has not been investigated so far. Here authors use a 3D in vitro motility assay and find that Ndc’s off-axis motor forces generate torque in antiparallel microtubules which causes microtubule twisting and coiling.
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48
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Lin Y, Wei YL, She ZY. Kinesin-8 motors: regulation of microtubule dynamics and chromosome movements. Chromosoma 2020; 129:99-110. [PMID: 32417983 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-020-00736-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules are essential for intracellular transport, cell motility, spindle assembly, and chromosome segregation during cell division. Microtubule dynamics regulate the proper spindle organization and thus contribute to chromosome congression and segregation. Accumulating studies suggest that kinesin-8 motors are emerging regulators of microtubule dynamics and organizations. In this review, we provide an overview of the studies focused on kinesin-8 motors in cell division. We discuss the structures and molecular kinetics of kinesin-8 motors. We highlight the essential roles and mechanisms of kinesin-8 in the regulation of microtubule dynamics and spindle organization. We also shed light on the functions of kinesin-8 motors in chromosome movement and the spindle assembly checkpoint during the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lin
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Ya-Lan Wei
- Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fuzhou, 350011, Fujian, China.,Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Zhen-Yu She
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China. .,Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.
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49
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Gampa G, Kenchappa RS, Mohammad AS, Parrish KE, Kim M, Crish JF, Luu A, West R, Hinojosa AQ, Sarkaria JN, Rosenfeld SS, Elmquist WF. Enhancing Brain Retention of a KIF11 Inhibitor Significantly Improves its Efficacy in a Mouse Model of Glioblastoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6524. [PMID: 32300151 PMCID: PMC7162859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63494-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, the most lethal primary brain cancer, is extremely proliferative and invasive. Tumor cells at tumor/brain-interface often exist behind a functionally intact blood-brain barrier (BBB), and so are shielded from exposure to therapeutic drug concentrations. An ideal glioblastoma treatment needs to engage targets that drive proliferation as well as invasion, with brain penetrant therapies. One such target is the mitotic kinesin KIF11, which can be inhibited with ispinesib, a potent molecularly-targeted drug. Although, achieving durable brain exposures of ispinesib is critical for adequate tumor cell engagement during mitosis, when tumor cells are vulnerable, for efficacy. Our results demonstrate that the delivery of ispinesib is restricted by P-gp and Bcrp efflux at BBB. Thereby, ispinesib distribution is heterogeneous with concentrations substantially lower in invasive tumor rim (intact BBB) compared to glioblastoma core (disrupted BBB). We further find that elacridar—a P-gp and Bcrp inhibitor—improves brain accumulation of ispinesib, resulting in remarkably reduced tumor growth and extended survival in a rodent model of glioblastoma. Such observations show the benefits and feasibility of pairing a potentially ideal treatment with a compound that improves its brain accumulation, and supports use of this strategy in clinical exploration of cell cycle-targeting therapies in brain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautham Gampa
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Afroz S Mohammad
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Karen E Parrish
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Minjee Kim
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - James F Crish
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Amanda Luu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Rita West
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - William F Elmquist
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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50
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Monzón-Casanova E, Matheson LS, Tabbada K, Zarnack K, Smith CWJ, Turner M. Polypyrimidine tract-binding proteins are essential for B cell development. eLife 2020; 9:e53557. [PMID: 32081131 PMCID: PMC7058386 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1) is a RNA-binding protein (RBP) expressed throughout B cell development. Deletion of Ptbp1 in mouse pro-B cells results in upregulation of PTBP2 and normal B cell development. We show that PTBP2 compensates for PTBP1 in B cell ontogeny as deletion of both Ptbp1 and Ptbp2 results in a complete block at the pro-B cell stage and a lack of mature B cells. In pro-B cells PTBP1 ensures precise synchronisation of the activity of cyclin dependent kinases at distinct stages of the cell cycle, suppresses S-phase entry and promotes progression into mitosis. PTBP1 controls mRNA abundance and alternative splicing of important cell cycle regulators including CYCLIN-D2, c-MYC, p107 and CDC25B. Our results reveal a previously unrecognised mechanism mediated by a RBP that is essential for B cell ontogeny and integrates transcriptional and post-translational determinants of progression through the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Monzón-Casanova
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham InstituteCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Louise S Matheson
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham InstituteCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Kristina Tabbada
- Next Generation Sequencing Facility, The Babraham InstituteCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Kathi Zarnack
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | | | - Martin Turner
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham InstituteCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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