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Kaminska P, Tempes A, Scholz E, Malik AR. Cytokines on the way to secretion. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 79:52-65. [PMID: 39227243 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
The activation of immune cells by pro-inflammatory or immunosuppressive stimuli is followed by the secretion of immunoregulatory cytokines which serve as messengers to activate the immune response in target cells. Although the mechanisms that control the secretion of cytokines by immune cells are not yet fully understood, several key aspects of this process have recently emerged. This review focuses on cytokine release via exocytosis and highlights the routes of cytokine trafficking leading to constitutive and regulated secretion as well as the impact of sorting receptors on this process. We discuss the involvement of cytoskeletal rearrangements in vesicular transport, secretion, and formation of immunological synapses. Finally, we describe the non-classical pathways of cytokine release that are independent of vesicular ER-Golgi transport. Instead, these pathways are based on processing by inflammasome or autophagic mechanisms. Ultimately, understanding the molecular mechanisms behind cytokine release may help to identify potential therapeutic targets in diseases associated with altered immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kaminska
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, Warsaw 02-096, Poland; Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteura 3, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Tempes
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, Warsaw 02-096, Poland
| | - Ela Scholz
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, Warsaw 02-096, Poland
| | - Anna R Malik
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, Warsaw 02-096, Poland.
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2
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Bonacina F, Zhang X, Manel N, Yvan-Charvet L, Razani B, Norata GD. Lysosomes in the immunometabolic reprogramming of immune cells in atherosclerosis. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024:10.1038/s41569-024-01072-4. [PMID: 39304748 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-024-01072-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Lysosomes have a central role in the disposal of extracellular and intracellular cargo and also function as metabolic sensors and signalling platforms in the immunometabolic reprogramming of macrophages and other immune cells in atherosclerosis. Lysosomes can rapidly sense the presence of nutrients within immune cells, thereby switching from catabolism of extracellular material to the recycling of intracellular cargo. Such a fine-tuned degradative response supports the generation of metabolic building blocks through effectors such as mTORC1 or TFEB. By coupling nutrients to downstream signalling and metabolism, lysosomes serve as a crucial hub for cellular function in innate and adaptive immune cells. Lysosomal dysfunction is now recognized to be a hallmark of atherogenesis. Perturbations in nutrient-sensing and signalling have profound effects on the capacity of immune cells to handle cholesterol, perform phagocytosis and efferocytosis, and limit the activation of the inflammasome and other inflammatory pathways. Strategies to improve lysosomal function hold promise as novel modulators of the immunoinflammatory response associated with atherosclerosis. In this Review, we describe the crosstalk between lysosomal biology and immune cell function and polarization, with a particular focus on cellular immunometabolic reprogramming in the context of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizia Bonacina
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences 'Rodolfo Paoletti', Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh VA Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicolas Manel
- Immunity and Cancer Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Yvan-Charvet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU), Oncoage, Nice, France
| | - Babak Razani
- Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh VA Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Giuseppe D Norata
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences 'Rodolfo Paoletti', Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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3
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Néel E, Chiritoiu-Butnaru M, Fargues W, Denus M, Colladant M, Filaquier A, Stewart SE, Lehmann S, Zurzolo C, Rubinsztein DC, Marin P, Parmentier ML, Villeneuve J. The endolysosomal system in conventional and unconventional protein secretion. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202404152. [PMID: 39133205 PMCID: PMC11318669 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202404152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Most secreted proteins are transported through the "conventional" endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi apparatus exocytic route for their delivery to the cell surface and release into the extracellular space. Nonetheless, formative discoveries have underscored the existence of alternative or "unconventional" secretory routes, which play a crucial role in exporting a diverse array of cytosolic proteins outside the cell in response to intrinsic demands, external cues, and environmental changes. In this context, lysosomes emerge as dynamic organelles positioned at the crossroads of multiple intracellular trafficking pathways, endowed with the capacity to fuse with the plasma membrane and recognized for their key role in both conventional and unconventional protein secretion. The recent recognition of lysosomal transport and exocytosis in the unconventional secretion of cargo proteins provides new and promising insights into our understanding of numerous physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloïse Néel
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier, France
| | | | - William Fargues
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier, France
| | - Morgane Denus
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier, France
| | - Maëlle Colladant
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier, France
| | - Aurore Filaquier
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier, France
| | - Sarah E Stewart
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sylvain Lehmann
- Laboratoire de Biochimie-Protéomique Clinique-Plateforme de Protéomique Clinique, Université de Montpellier, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier INSERM , Montpellier, France
| | - Chiara Zurzolo
- Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Pathogenèse, Institut Pasteur, UMR3691 CNRS , Paris, France
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute , Cambridge, UK
| | - Philippe Marin
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier, France
| | - Marie-Laure Parmentier
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Villeneuve
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier, France
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4
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Domingues N, Catarino S, Cristóvão B, Rodrigues L, Carvalho FA, Sarmento MJ, Zuzarte M, Almeida J, Ribeiro-Rodrigues T, Correia-Rodrigues Â, Fernandes F, Rodrigues-Santos P, Aasen T, Santos NC, Korolchuk VI, Gonçalves T, Milosevic I, Raimundo N, Girão H. Connexin43 promotes exocytosis of damaged lysosomes through actin remodelling. EMBO J 2024; 43:3627-3649. [PMID: 39044100 PMCID: PMC11377567 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00177-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A robust and efficient cellular response to lysosomal membrane damage prevents leakage from the lysosome lumen into the cytoplasm. This response is understood to happen through either lysosomal membrane repair or lysophagy. Here we report exocytosis as a third response mechanism to lysosomal damage, which is further potentiated when membrane repair or lysosomal degradation mechanisms are impaired. We show that Connexin43 (Cx43), a protein canonically associated with gap junctions, is recruited from the plasma membrane to damaged lysosomes, promoting their secretion and accelerating cell recovery. The effects of Cx43 on lysosome exocytosis are mediated by a reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton that increases plasma membrane fluidity and decreases cell stiffness. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Cx43 interacts with the actin nucleator Arp2, the activity of which was shown to be necessary for Cx43-mediated actin rearrangement and lysosomal exocytosis following damage. These results define a novel mechanism of lysosomal quality control whereby Cx43-mediated actin remodelling potentiates the secretion of damaged lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neuza Domingues
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
- Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
- Univ Coimbra, Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Ageing, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Steve Catarino
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
- Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
- Univ Coimbra, Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Cristóvão
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
- Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
- Univ Coimbra, Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lisa Rodrigues
- Univ Coimbra, Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Filomena A Carvalho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria João Sarmento
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mónica Zuzarte
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
- Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
- Univ Coimbra, Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jani Almeida
- Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
- Univ Coimbra, Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Univ Coimbra, Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa Ribeiro-Rodrigues
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
- Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
- Univ Coimbra, Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ânia Correia-Rodrigues
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
- Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
- Univ Coimbra, Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fábio Fernandes
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (IBB) and Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paulo Rodrigues-Santos
- Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
- Univ Coimbra, Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Univ Coimbra, Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Trond Aasen
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuno C Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Viktor I Korolchuk
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Teresa Gonçalves
- Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
- Univ Coimbra, Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal
- Univ Coimbra, Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ira Milosevic
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Ageing, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- University of Oxford, Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - Nuno Raimundo
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Ageing, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Henrique Girão
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Univ Coimbra, Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal.
- Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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5
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Trojani MC, Santucci-Darmanin S, Breuil V, Carle GF, Pierrefite-Carle V. Lysosomal exocytosis: From cell protection to protumoral functions. Cancer Lett 2024; 597:217024. [PMID: 38871244 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Lysosomes are single membrane bounded group of acidic organelles that can be involved in a process called lysosomal exocytosis which leads to the extracellular release of their content. Lysosomal exocytosis is required for plasma membrane repair or remodeling events such as bone resorption, antigen presentation or mitosis, and for protection against toxic agents such as heavy metals. Recently, it has been showed that to fulfill this protective role, lysosomal exocytosis needs some autophagic proteins, in an autophagy-independent manner. In addition to these crucial physiological roles, lysosomal exocytosis plays a major protumoral role in various cancers. This effect is exerted through tumor microenvironment modifications, including extracellular matrix remodeling, acidosis, oncogenic and profibrogenic signals. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the different elements released in the microenvironment during lysosomal exocytosis, i.e. proteases, exosomes, and protons, and their effects in the context of tumor development and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Charlotte Trojani
- UMR E-4320 TIRO-MATOs CEA/DRF/Institut Joliot, Université Côte d'Azur, Faculté de Médecine Nice, France; Service de Rhumatologie, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Sabine Santucci-Darmanin
- UMR E-4320 TIRO-MATOs CEA/DRF/Institut Joliot, Université Côte d'Azur, Faculté de Médecine Nice, France; CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Breuil
- UMR E-4320 TIRO-MATOs CEA/DRF/Institut Joliot, Université Côte d'Azur, Faculté de Médecine Nice, France; Service de Rhumatologie, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Georges F Carle
- UMR E-4320 TIRO-MATOs CEA/DRF/Institut Joliot, Université Côte d'Azur, Faculté de Médecine Nice, France; CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Pierrefite-Carle
- UMR E-4320 TIRO-MATOs CEA/DRF/Institut Joliot, Université Côte d'Azur, Faculté de Médecine Nice, France; INSERM, Paris, France.
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6
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Ploeger L, Kaleja P, Tholey A, Lettau M, Janssen O. Analysis of Cytotoxic Granules and Constitutively Produced Extracellular Vesicles from Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia Cell Lines. Cells 2024; 13:1310. [PMID: 39195200 DOI: 10.3390/cells13161310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large granular lymphocyte leukemias (LGLLs) are rare lymphoproliferative malignancies caused by clonal expansion of granular lymphocytes. T-cell LGLL and natural killer (NK) cell LGLL are defined based on their cellular origin. Their clinical manifestation and pathophysiology vary depending on the subtype and include, e.g., neutropenia, anemia, recurrent infections, and autoimmunity. A limited number of available patient-derived cell lines are considered valuable tools to study the biology of these malignancies. They differ in the expression of lineage-specific surface markers, but generally contain cytotoxic effector molecules in characteristic granules. METHODS We investigated the presence and release of lysosome-associated effector proteins in patient-derived LGLL cell lines by flow and imaging cytometry, by Western blotting and by bottom-up proteomics profiling. RESULTS The tested cell lines did not express FasL (CD178), but did express CD26/DPP4+. Intracellularly, we detected major differences in the abundance and subcellular distribution of granzymes, perforin, and granulysin. Similar differences were seen in enriched lysosome-related effector vesicles (LREVs). The proteomics profiling of enriched EVs from an NK-LGLL line (NKL) and a T-LGLL line (MOTN-1), confirmed individual profiles of effector molecules. CONCLUSION Our analyses underscore the individual distribution of effector proteins but also open new routes to define the role of intra- and extracellular granules in the disease manifestation or pathology of LGLLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Ploeger
- Molecular Immunology-Institute for Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Patrick Kaleja
- Systematic Proteomics & Bioanalytics-Institute for Experimental Medicine, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Tholey
- Systematic Proteomics & Bioanalytics-Institute for Experimental Medicine, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Marcus Lettau
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy-Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ottmar Janssen
- Molecular Immunology-Institute for Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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Mahanty S, Bergam P, Belapurkar V, Eluvathingal L, Gupta N, Goud B, Nair D, Raposo G, Setty SRG. Biogenesis of specialized lysosomes in differentiated keratinocytes relies on close apposition with the Golgi apparatus. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:496. [PMID: 38992005 PMCID: PMC11239851 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06710-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Intracellular organelles support cellular physiology in diverse conditions. In the skin, epidermal keratinocytes undergo differentiation with gradual changes in cellular physiology, accompanying remodeling of lysosomes and the Golgi apparatus. However, it was not known whether changes in Golgi and lysosome morphology and their redistribution were linked. Here, we show that disassembled Golgi is distributed in close physical apposition to lysosomes in differentiated keratinocytes. This atypical localization requires the Golgi tethering protein GRASP65, which is associated with both the Golgi and lysosome membranes. Depletion of GRASP65 results in the loss of Golgi-lysosome apposition and the malformation of lysosomes, defined by their aberrant morphology, size, and function. Surprisingly, a trans-Golgi enzyme and secretory Golgi cargoes are extensively localized to the lysosome lumen and secreted to the cell surface, contributing to total protein secretion of differentiated keratinocytes but not in proliferative precursors, indicating that lysosomes acquire specialization during differentiation. We further demonstrate that the secretory function of the Golgi apparatus is critical to maintain keratinocyte lysosomes. Our study uncovers a novel form of Golgi-lysosome cross-talk and its role in maintaining specialized secretory lysosomes in differentiated keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Mahanty
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
| | - Ptissam Bergam
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Vivek Belapurkar
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | | | - Nikita Gupta
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Bruno Goud
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Deepak Nair
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Graça Raposo
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Subba Rao Gangi Setty
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
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Mishra S, Morshed N, Kinoshita C, Stevens B, Jayadev S, Young JE. The Alzheimer's disease gene SORL1 regulates lysosome function in human microglia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.25.600648. [PMID: 38979155 PMCID: PMC11230436 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.25.600648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The SORL1 gene encodes the sortilin related receptor protein SORLA, a sorting receptor that regulates endo-lysosomal trafficking of various substrates. Loss of function variants in SORL1 are causative for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and decreased expression of SORLA has been repeatedly observed in human AD brains. SORL1 is highly expressed by microglia, the tissue resident immune cells of the brain. Loss of SORLA leads to enlarged lysosomes in hiPSC-derived microglia like cells (hMGLs). However, whether SORLA deficiency contributes to microglia dysfunction and how this is relevant to AD is not known. In this study, we show that loss of SORLA results in decreased lysosomal degradation and lysosomal enzyme activity due to altered trafficking of lysosomal enzymes in hMGLs. Furthermore, lysosomal exocytosis, an important process involved in immune responses and cellular signaling, is also impaired in SORL1 deficient microglia. Phagocytic uptake of fibrillar amyloid beta 1-42 and synaptosomes is increased in SORLA deficient hMGLs, but due to reduced lysosomal degradation, these substrates aberrantly accumulate in lysosomes. Overall, these data highlight the microglial endo-lysosomal network as a potential novel pathway through which SORL1 may increase AD risk and contribute to development of AD. Additionally, our findings may inform development of novel lysosome and microglia associated drug targets for AD.
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9
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Xu X, Wang W, He Y, Yao Y, Yang B. Prognostic marker VPS72 could promote the malignant progression of prostate cancer. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:713. [PMID: 38858662 PMCID: PMC11163694 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12488-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper attempted to clarify the role and mechanism of vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 72 homolog (VPS72) in the progression of prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS Clinical information and gene expression profiles of patients with prostate cancer were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). VPS72 expression in PCa and the potential mechanism by which VPS72 affects PCa progression was investigated. Next, we performed COX regression analysis to identify the independent prognostic factors of PCa, and constructed a nomogram. The sensitivity of chemotherapeutic medications was anticipated using "pRRophetic". Subsequently, in vitro assays to validate the effect of VPS72 on PCa cell proliferation, migration and susceptibility to anti-androgen therapy. RESULTS The expression of VPS72 was considerably higher in PCa tissues compared to normal tissues. Significant correlations were found between high VPS72 expression and a poor prognosis and adverse clinicopathological factors. The nomogram model constructed based on VPS72 expression has good predictive performance. According to GSEA, VPS72-related genes were enriched in the NF-kB pathways, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and chemokine signaling pathway in PCa. Although PCa with low VPS72 expression was more adaptable to chemotherapeutic medications, our in vitro experiment showed that VPS72 knockdown significantly decreased the PCa cell migration, proliferation, and resistance to anti-androgen therapy. CONCLUSIONS In summary our findings suggests that VPS72 could play a crucial role in the malignant progression of PCa, and its expression level can be employed as a possible biomarker of PCa prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Xu
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467, Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, Liaoning, 116001, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467, Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, Liaoning, 116001, China
| | - Yi He
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467, Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, Liaoning, 116001, China
| | - Yiqun Yao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, the Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, 6, Jiefang Street, Zhongshan District, Dalian, Liaoning, 116001, China.
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467, Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, Liaoning, 116001, China.
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10
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Yazar C, Akbayrak A, Ozmen ZC, Kuyucu YE, Sencan M, Kutlu O, Seckin HY. Assessment of serum granulysin and cathepsin-L levels in vitiligo patients. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2024; 70:e20231107. [PMID: 38775500 PMCID: PMC11111119 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20231107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cellular and humoral immunity plays a role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. T lymphocytes and natural killer cells involved in cellular immunity carry out their cytotoxic activities through perforin/granzyme-dependent granule exocytosis, in which granulysin and cathepsin-L are also involved. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of serum granulysin and cathepsin-L in the etiopathogenesis of vitiligo and their association with disease activity and severity. METHODS This randomized, prospective case-control study was conducted with 46 vitiligo patients admitted to the hospital for vitiligo between January and November 2021 and 46 healthy volunteers of similar age and gender. Serum levels of granulysin and cathepsin-L were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. RESULTS The mean serum levels of granulysin and cathepsin-L were statistically significantly higher in vitiligo patients compared with the control group (p=0.048 and p=0.024, respectively). There was no statistically significant correlation between serum granulysin and serum cathepsin-L levels and disease severity in the patient group (r=0.30, p=0.062 and r=0.268, p=0.071, respectively). Disease activity also showed no significant association with serum granulysin and cathepsin-L levels (p=0.986 and p=0.962, respectively). CONCLUSION Although granulysin and cathepsin-L are molecules involved in the pathogenesis of vitiligo, the use of these molecules may not be helpful in assessing disease activity and severity. It may be helpful to conduct comprehensive and prospective studies to find new molecules to fill the gap in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemre Yazar
- Gaziosmanpasa University, School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology and Venereology – Tokat, Turkey
| | - Atiye Akbayrak
- Gaziosmanpasa University, School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology and Venereology – Tokat, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Cansel Ozmen
- Gaziosmanpasa University, School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry – Tokat, Turkey
| | - Yunus Emre Kuyucu
- Gaziosmanpasa University, School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics – Tokat, Turkey
| | | | - Omer Kutlu
- Gaziosmanpasa University, School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology and Venereology – Tokat, Turkey
| | - Havva Yildiz Seckin
- Gaziosmanpasa University, School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology and Venereology – Tokat, Turkey
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11
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Pickard A, Garva R, Adamson A, Calverley BC, Hoyle A, Hayward CE, Spiller D, Lu Y, Hodson N, Mandolfo O, Kim KK, Bou-Gharios G, Swift J, Bigger B, Kadler KE. Collagen fibril formation at the plasma membrane occurs independently from collagen secretion. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.09.593302. [PMID: 38766096 PMCID: PMC11100796 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.09.593302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Collagen fibrils are the primary supporting scaffold of vertebrate tissues but how they are assembled is unclear. Here, using CRISPR-tagging of type I collagen and SILAC labelling, we elucidate the cellular mechanism for the spatiotemporal assembly of collagen fibrils, in cultured fibroblasts. Our findings reveal multifaceted trafficking of collagen, including constitutive secretion, intracellular pooling, and plasma membrane-directed fibrillogenesis. Notably, we differentiate the processes of collagen secretion and fibril assembly and identify the crucial involvement of endocytosis in regulating fibril formation. By employing Col1a1 knockout fibroblasts we demonstrate the incorporation of exogenous collagen into nucleation sites at the plasma membrane through these recycling mechanisms. Our study sheds light on the assembly process and its regulation in health and disease. Mass spectrometry data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD036794.
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12
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Vlasova AD, Bukhalovich SM, Bagaeva DF, Polyakova AP, Ilyinsky NS, Nesterov SV, Tsybrov FM, Bogorodskiy AO, Zinovev EV, Mikhailov AE, Vlasov AV, Kuklin AI, Borshchevskiy VI, Bamberg E, Uversky VN, Gordeliy VI. Intracellular microbial rhodopsin-based optogenetics to control metabolism and cell signaling. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3327-3349. [PMID: 38391026 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00699a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Microbial rhodopsin (MRs) ion channels and pumps have become invaluable optogenetic tools for neuroscience as well as biomedical applications. Recently, MR-optogenetics expanded towards subcellular organelles opening principally new opportunities in optogenetic control of intracellular metabolism and signaling via precise manipulations of organelle ion gradients using light. This new optogenetic field expands the opportunities for basic and medical studies of cancer, cardiovascular, and metabolic disorders, providing more detailed and accurate control of cell physiology. This review summarizes recent advances in studies of the cellular metabolic processes and signaling mediated by optogenetic tools targeting mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lysosomes, and synaptic vesicles. Finally, we discuss perspectives of such an optogenetic approach in both fundamental and applied research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia D Vlasova
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Siarhei M Bukhalovich
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Diana F Bagaeva
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Aleksandra P Polyakova
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Nikolay S Ilyinsky
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Semen V Nesterov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Fedor M Tsybrov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Andrey O Bogorodskiy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Egor V Zinovev
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Anatolii E Mikhailov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Alexey V Vlasov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - Alexander I Kuklin
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - Valentin I Borshchevskiy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - Ernst Bamberg
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Valentin I Gordeliy
- Institut de Biologie Structurale Jean-Pierre Ebel, Université Grenoble Alpes-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives-CNRS, 38027 Grenoble, France.
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13
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Hämälistö S, Del Valle Batalla F, Yuseff MI, Mattila PK. Endolysosomal vesicles at the center of B cell activation. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202307047. [PMID: 38305771 PMCID: PMC10837082 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202307047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The endolysosomal system specializes in degrading cellular components and is crucial to maintaining homeostasis and adapting rapidly to metabolic and environmental cues. Cells of the immune system exploit this network to process antigens or promote cell death by secreting lysosome-related vesicles. In B lymphocytes, lysosomes are harnessed to facilitate the extraction of antigens and to promote their processing into peptides for presentation to T cells, critical steps to mount protective high-affinity antibody responses. Intriguingly, lysosomal vesicles are now considered important signaling units within cells and also display secretory functions by releasing their content to the extracellular space. In this review, we focus on how B cells use pathways involved in the intracellular trafficking, secretion, and function of endolysosomes to promote adaptive immune responses. A basic understanding of such mechanisms poses an interesting frontier for the development of therapeutic strategies in the context of cancer and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saara Hämälistö
- Institute of Biomedicine, and MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Cancer Research Unit and FICAN West Cancer Centre Laboratory, Turku, Finland
| | - Felipe Del Valle Batalla
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Isabel Yuseff
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pieta K. Mattila
- Institute of Biomedicine, and MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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14
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Yasui T, Mashiko M, Obi A, Mori H, Ito-Murata M, Hayakawa H, Kikuchi S, Hosaka M, Kubota C, Torii S, Gomi H. Insulin granule morphology and crinosome formation in mice lacking the pancreatic β cell-specific phogrin (PTPRN2) gene. Histochem Cell Biol 2024; 161:223-238. [PMID: 38150052 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-023-02256-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported that phogrin, also known as IA-2β or PTPRN2, forms a complex with the insulin receptor in pancreatic β cells upon glucose stimulation and stabilizes insulin receptor substrate 2. In β cells of systemic phogrin gene knockout (IA-2β-/-) mice, impaired glucose-induced insulin secretion, decreased insulin granule density, and an increase in the number and size of lysosomes have been reported. Since phogrin is expressed not only in β cells but also in various neuroendocrine cells, the precise impact of phogrin expressed in β cells on these cells remains unclear. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of morphological changes in RIP-Cre+/-Phogrinflox/flox (βKO) mice with β cell-specific phogrin gene knockout. Compared to control RIP-Cre+/- Phogrin+/+ (Ctrl) mice, aged βKO mice exhibited a decreased density of insulin granules, which can be categorized into three subtypes. While no differences were observed in the density and size of lysosomes and crinosomes, organelles involved in insulin granule reduction, significant alterations in the regions of lysosomes responding positively to carbohydrate labeling were evident in young βKO mice. These alterations differed from those in Ctrl mice and continued to change with age. These electron microscopic findings suggest that phogrin expression in pancreatic β cells plays a role in insulin granule homeostasis and crinophagy during aging, potentially through insulin autocrine signaling and other mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Yasui
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Mashiko
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Akihiro Obi
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mori
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Moeko Ito-Murata
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hayakawa
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Shota Kikuchi
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hosaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-nishi, Nakano Shimoshinjo, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Chisato Kubota
- Center for Food Science and Wellness, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
- Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 37-1 Nakaorui, Takasaki, Gunma, 370-0033, Japan
| | - Seiji Torii
- Center for Food Science and Wellness, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Gomi
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan.
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15
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Xu J, Erlendsson S, Singh M, Holling GA, Regier M, Ibiricu I, Einstein J, Hantak MP, Day GS, Piquet AL, Smith TL, Clardy SL, Whiteley AM, Feschotte C, Briggs JAG, Shepherd JD. PNMA2 forms immunogenic non-enveloped virus-like capsids associated with paraneoplastic neurological syndrome. Cell 2024; 187:831-845.e19. [PMID: 38301645 PMCID: PMC10922747 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The paraneoplastic Ma antigen (PNMA) proteins are associated with cancer-induced paraneoplastic syndromes that present with an autoimmune response and neurological symptoms. Why PNMA proteins are associated with this severe autoimmune disease is unclear. PNMA genes are predominantly expressed in the central nervous system and are ectopically expressed in some tumors. We show that PNMA2, which has been co-opted from a Ty3 retrotransposon, encodes a protein that is released from cells as non-enveloped virus-like capsids. Recombinant PNMA2 capsids injected into mice induce autoantibodies that preferentially bind external "spike" PNMA2 capsid epitopes, whereas a capsid-assembly-defective PNMA2 protein is not immunogenic. PNMA2 autoantibodies in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with anti-Ma2 paraneoplastic disease show similar preferential binding to spike capsid epitopes. PNMA2 capsid-injected mice develop learning and memory deficits. These observations suggest that PNMA2 capsids act as an extracellular antigen, capable of generating an autoimmune response that results in neurological deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Xu
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Simon Erlendsson
- The Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, UK; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Manvendra Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - G Aaron Holling
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Matthew Regier
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Iosune Ibiricu
- Department of Cell and Virus Structure, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jenifer Einstein
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michael P Hantak
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Gregory S Day
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Amanda L Piquet
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tammy L Smith
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah and George E Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Stacey L Clardy
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah and George E Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Cédric Feschotte
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - John A G Briggs
- The Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, UK; Department of Cell and Virus Structure, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jason D Shepherd
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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16
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Kumar R, Khan M, Francis V, Aguila A, Kulasekaran G, Banks E, McPherson PS. DENND6A links Arl8b to a Rab34/RILP/dynein complex, regulating lysosomal positioning and autophagy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:919. [PMID: 38296963 PMCID: PMC10830484 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44957-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes help maintain cellular proteostasis, and defects in lysosomal positioning and function can cause disease, including neurodegenerative disorders. The spatiotemporal distribution of lysosomes is regulated by small GTPases including Rabs, which are activated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). DENN domain proteins are the largest family of Rab GEFs. Using a cell-based assay, we screened DENND6A, a member of the DENN domain protein family against all known Rabs and identified it as a potential GEF for 20 Rabs, including Rab34. Here, we demonstrate that DENND6A activates Rab34, which recruits a RILP/dynein complex to lysosomes, promoting lysosome retrograde transport. Further, we identify DENND6A as an effector of Arl8b, a major regulatory GTPase on lysosomes. We demonstrate that Arl8b recruits DENND6A to peripheral lysosomes to activate Rab34 and initiate retrograde transport, regulating nutrient-dependent lysosomal juxtanuclear repositioning. Loss of DENND6A impairs autophagic flux. Our findings support a model whereby Arl8b/DENND6A/Rab34-dependent lysosomal retrograde trafficking controls autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute (the Neuro), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Maleeha Khan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute (the Neuro), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Francis
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute (the Neuro), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Adriana Aguila
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute (the Neuro), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gopinath Kulasekaran
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute (the Neuro), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Emily Banks
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute (the Neuro), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Peter S McPherson
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute (the Neuro), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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17
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Yamaga S, Aziz M, Murao A, Brenner M, Wang P. DAMPs and radiation injury. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1353990. [PMID: 38333215 PMCID: PMC10850293 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1353990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The heightened risk of ionizing radiation exposure, stemming from radiation accidents and potential acts of terrorism, has spurred growing interests in devising effective countermeasures against radiation injury. High-dose ionizing radiation exposure triggers acute radiation syndrome (ARS), manifesting as hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, and neurovascular ARS. Hematopoietic ARS typically presents with neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, while gastrointestinal ARS results in intestinal mucosal injury, often culminating in lethal sepsis and gastrointestinal bleeding. This deleterious impact can be attributed to radiation-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress, leading to various forms of cell death, such as apoptosis, necrosis and ferroptosis. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are intrinsic molecules released by cells undergoing injury or in the process of dying, either through passive or active pathways. These molecules then interact with pattern recognition receptors, triggering inflammatory responses. Such a cascade of events ultimately results in further tissue and organ damage, contributing to the elevated mortality rate. Notably, infection and sepsis often develop in ARS cases, further increasing the release of DAMPs. Given that lethal sepsis stands as a major contributor to the mortality in ARS, DAMPs hold the potential to function as mediators, exacerbating radiation-induced organ injury and consequently worsening overall survival. This review describes the intricate mechanisms underlying radiation-induced release of DAMPs. Furthermore, it discusses the detrimental effects of DAMPs on the immune system and explores potential DAMP-targeting therapeutic strategies to alleviate radiation-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yamaga
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Monowar Aziz
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Departments of Surgery and Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Atsushi Murao
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Max Brenner
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Departments of Surgery and Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Ping Wang
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Departments of Surgery and Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
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18
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Zou W, Lv Y, Zhang S, Li L, Sun L, Jiao J. Lysosomal dynamics regulate mammalian cortical neurogenesis. Dev Cell 2024; 59:64-78.e5. [PMID: 38103552 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian neocortex formation follows a stereotypical pattern wherein the self-renew and differentiation of neural stem cells are coordinated with diverse organelle dynamics. However, the role of lysosomes in brain development has long been overlooked. Here, we demonstrate the highly dynamic lysosomal quantities, types, and localizations in developing brain. We observed asymmetric endolysosome inheritance during radial glial cell (RGC) division and the increased autolysosomes within intermediate progenitor cells (IPs) and newborn neurons. Disruption of lysosomal function shortens the S phase of the cell cycle and promotes RGC differentiation. Mechanistically, we revealed a post-transcriptional regulation governing ribosome homeostasis and cell-cycle progression through differential lysosomal activity modulation. In the human forebrain organoid, lysosomal dynamics are conserved; specifically, during the mitosis of outer subventricular zone RGCs (oRGs), lysosomes are inherited by the progeny without basal process. Together, our results identify the critical role of lysosomal dynamics in regulating mouse and human brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University & Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Model for Development and Disease of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 523710, China
| | - Yuqing Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shukui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ling Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; State Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianwei Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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19
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Benavides N, Giraudo CG. Extended-Synaptotagmin-1 and -2 control T cell signaling and function. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:286-303. [PMID: 38177911 PMCID: PMC10897422 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-023-00011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Upon T-cell activation, the levels of the secondary messenger diacylglycerol (DAG) at the plasma membrane need to be controlled to ensure appropriate T-cell receptor signaling and T-cell functions. Extended-Synaptotagmins (E-Syts) are a family of inter-organelle lipid transport proteins that bridge the endoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane. In this study, we identify a novel regulatory mechanism of DAG-mediated signaling for T-cell effector functions based on E-Syt proteins. We demonstrate that E-Syts downmodulate T-cell receptor signaling, T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity, degranulation, and cytokine production by reducing plasma membrane levels of DAG. Mechanistically, E-Syt2 predominantly modulates DAG levels at the plasma membrane in resting-state T cells, while E-Syt1 and E-Syt2 negatively control T-cell receptor signaling upon stimulation. These results reveal a previously underappreciated role of E-Syts in regulating DAG dynamics in T-cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Benavides
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology-Sidney Kimmel Medical College-Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Claudio G Giraudo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology-Sidney Kimmel Medical College-Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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20
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Tsarouhas V, Liu D, Tsikala G, Engström Y, Strigini M, Samakovlis C. A surfactant lipid layer of endosomal membranes facilitates airway gas filling in Drosophila. Curr Biol 2023; 33:5132-5146.e5. [PMID: 37992718 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the construction of an air-liquid interface in respiratory organs remain elusive. Here, we use live imaging and genetic analysis to describe the morphogenetic events generating an extracellular lipid lining of the Drosophila airways required for their gas filing and animal survival. We show that sequential Rab39/Syx1A/Syt1-mediated secretion of lysosomal acid sphingomyelinase (Drosophila ASM [dASM]) and Rab11/35/Syx1A/Rop-dependent exosomal secretion provides distinct components for lipid film assembly. Tracheal inactivation of Rab11 or Rab35 or loss of Rop results in intracellular accumulation of exosomal, multi-vesicular body (MVB)-derived vesicles. On the other hand, loss of dASM or Rab39 causes luminal bubble-like accumulations of exosomal membranes and liquid retention in the airways. Inactivation of the exosomal secretion in dASM mutants counteracts this phenotype, arguing that the exosomal secretion provides the lipid vesicles and that secreted lysosomal dASM organizes them into a continuous film. Our results reveal the coordinated functions of extracellular vesicle and lysosomal secretions in generating a lipid layer crucial for airway gas filling and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilios Tsarouhas
- Stockholm University, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Dan Liu
- Stockholm University, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Georgia Tsikala
- Stockholm University, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; IMBB, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ylva Engström
- Stockholm University, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Christos Samakovlis
- Stockholm University, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden; ECCPS, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany.
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21
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Cambon A, Rebelle C, Bachelier R, Arnaud L, Robert S, Lagarde M, Muller R, Tellier E, Kara Y, Leroyer A, Farnarier C, Vallier L, Chareyre C, Retornaz K, Jurquet AL, Tran TA, Lacroix R, Dignat-George F, Kaplanski G. Macrophage IL-1β-positive microvesicles exhibit thrombo-inflammatory properties and are detectable in patients with active juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1228122. [PMID: 38077384 PMCID: PMC10703381 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1228122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective IL-1β is a leaderless cytokine with poorly known secretory mechanisms that is barely detectable in serum of patients, including those with an IL-1β-mediated disease such as systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA). Leukocyte microvesicles (MVs) may be a mechanism of IL-1β secretion. The first objective of our study was to characterize IL-1β-positive MVs obtained from macrophage cell culture supernatants and to investigate their biological functions in vitro and in vivo. The second objective was to detect circulating IL-1β-positive MVs in JIA patients. Methods MVs were purified by serial centrifugations from PBMCs, or THP-1 differentiated into macrophages, then stimulated with LPS ± ATP. MV content was analyzed for the presence of IL-1β, NLRP3 inflammasome, caspase-1, P2X7 receptor, and tissue factor (TF) using ELISA, Western blot, or flow cytometry. MV biological properties were studied in vitro by measuring VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin expression after HUVEC co-culture and factor-Xa generation test was realized. In vivo, MVs' ability to recruit leukocytes in a murine model of peritonitis was evaluated. Plasmatic IL-1β-positive MVs were studied ex vivo in 10 active JIA patients using flow cytometry. Results THP-1-derived macrophages stimulated with LPS and ATP released MVs, which contained NLRP3, caspase-1, and the 33-kDa precursor and 17-kDa mature forms of IL-1β and bioactive TF. IL-1β-positive MVs expressed P2X7 receptor and released soluble IL-1β in response to ATP stimulation in vitro. In mice, MVs induced a leukocyte peritoneal infiltrate, which was reduced by treatment with the IL-1 receptor antagonist. Finally, IL-1β-positive MVs were detectable in plasma from 10 active JIA patients. Conclusion MVs shed from activated macrophages contain IL-1β, NLRP3 inflammasome components, and TF, and constitute thrombo-inflammatory vectors that can be detected in the plasma from active JIA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Cambon
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
- Service de Médecine interne et d’Infectiologie, Hôpital d’Instruction des Armées (HIA) Sainte-Anne, Service de Santé des Armées (SSA), Toulon, France
| | - Charlotte Rebelle
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
- Service de Pédiatrie, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Richard Bachelier
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Arnaud
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Robert
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
| | - Marie Lagarde
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
| | - Romain Muller
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
- Service de Médecine interne et d’Immunologie clinique, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), La Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Edwige Tellier
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
| | - Yéter Kara
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Leroyer
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Farnarier
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), La Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Loris Vallier
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
| | - Corinne Chareyre
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
| | - Karine Retornaz
- Service de Pédiatrie, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Anne-Laure Jurquet
- Service de Pédiatrie, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Tu-Anh Tran
- Service de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) Nîmes, Hôpital Carémeau, Nîmes, France
| | - Romaric Lacroix
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Françoise Dignat-George
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Gilles Kaplanski
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
- Service de Médecine interne et d’Immunologie clinique, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), La Conception, Marseille, France
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22
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Li Q, Sun M, Meng Y, Feng M, Wang M, Chang C, Dong H, Bu F, Xu C, Liu J, Ling Q, Qiao Y, Chen J. Kinesin family member 18B activates mTORC1 signaling via actin gamma 1 to promote the recurrence of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogenesis 2023; 12:54. [PMID: 37957153 PMCID: PMC10643429 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-023-00499-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway is frequently reported to be hyperactivated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and contributes to HCC recurrence. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms of mTORC1 signaling in HCC are not fully understood. In the present study, we found that the expression of kinesin family member 18B (KIF18B) was positively correlated with mTORC1 signaling in HCC, and the upregulation of KIF18B and p-mTOR was associated with a poor prognosis and HCC recurrence. Utilizing in vitro and in vivo assays, we showed that KIF18B promoted HCC cell proliferation and migration through activating mTORC1 signaling. Mechanistically, we identified Actin gamma 1 (γ-Actin) as a binding partner of KIF18B. KIF18B and γ-Actin synergistically modulated lysosome positioning, promoted mTORC1 translocation to lysosome membrane, and prohibited p70 S6K from entering lysosomes for degradation, which finally led to the enhancement of mTORC1 signaling transduction. Moreover, we found that KIF18B was a direct target of Forkhead box M1, which explains the potential mechanism of KIF18B overexpression in HCC. Our study highlights the potential of KIF18B as a therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Mengqing Sun
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Yao Meng
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Mengqing Feng
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Menglan Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Cunjie Chang
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Heng Dong
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Fangtian Bu
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Chao Xu
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Qi Ling
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China.
| | - Yiting Qiao
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China.
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China.
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong, 250000, P. R. China.
| | - Jianxiang Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, P. R. China.
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, 169610, Singapore.
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23
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Tan JX, Finkel T. Lysosomes in senescence and aging. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57265. [PMID: 37811693 PMCID: PMC10626421 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of lysosomes, the primary hydrolytic organelles in animal cells, is frequently associated with aging and age-related diseases. At the cellular level, lysosomal dysfunction is strongly linked to cellular senescence or the induction of cell death pathways. However, the precise mechanisms by which lysosomal dysfunction participates in these various cellular or organismal phenotypes have remained elusive. The ability of lysosomes to degrade diverse macromolecules including damaged proteins and organelles puts lysosomes at the center of multiple cellular stress responses. Lysosomal activity is tightly regulated by many coordinated cellular processes including pathways that function inside and outside of the organelle. Here, we collectively classify these coordinated pathways as the lysosomal processing and adaptation system (LYPAS). We review evidence that the LYPAS is upregulated by diverse cellular stresses, its adaptability regulates senescence and cell death decisions, and it can form the basis for therapeutic manipulation for a wide range of age-related diseases and potentially for aging itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Xiaojun Tan
- Aging InstituteUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine/University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA
- Department of Cell BiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Toren Finkel
- Aging InstituteUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine/University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
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24
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Li J, Krause GJ, Gui Q, Kaushik S, Rona G, Zhang Q, Liang FX, Dhabaria A, Anerillas C, Martindale JL, Vasilyev N, Askenazi M, Ueberheide B, Nudler E, Gorospe M, Cuervo AM, Pagano M. A noncanonical function of SKP1 regulates the switch between autophagy and unconventional secretion. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh1134. [PMID: 37831778 PMCID: PMC10575587 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh1134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular degradation of proteins and organelles by the autophagy-lysosome system is essential for cellular quality control and energy homeostasis. Besides degradation, endolysosomal organelles can fuse with the plasma membrane and contribute to unconventional secretion. Here, we identify a function for mammalian SKP1 in endolysosomes that is independent of its established role as an essential component of the family of SCF/CRL1 ubiquitin ligases. We found that, under nutrient-poor conditions, SKP1 is phosphorylated on Thr131, allowing its interaction with V1 subunits of the vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase). This event, in turn, promotes V-ATPase assembly to acidify late endosomes and enhance endolysosomal degradation. Under nutrient-rich conditions, SUMOylation of phosphorylated SKP1 allows its binding to and dephosphorylation by the PPM1B phosphatase. Dephosphorylated SKP1 interacts with SEC22B to promote unconventional secretion of the content of less acidified hybrid endosomal/autophagic compartments. Collectively, our study implicates SKP1 phosphorylation as a switch between autophagy and unconventional secretion in a manner dependent on cellular nutrient status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter NYU Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Gregory J. Krause
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Qi Gui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter NYU Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Susmita Kaushik
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Gergely Rona
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter NYU Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Qingyue Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter NYU Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Feng-Xia Liang
- Microscopy Laboratory, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Avantika Dhabaria
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter NYU Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Carlos Anerillas
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Martindale
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Nikita Vasilyev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter NYU Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Manor Askenazi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Biomedical Hosting LLC, 33 Lewis Avenue, Arlington, MA 02474, USA
| | - Beatrix Ueberheide
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter NYU Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Evgeny Nudler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter NYU Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Ana Maria Cuervo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Michele Pagano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter NYU Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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25
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Noda K, Lu SL, Chen S, Tokuda K, Li Y, Hao F, Wada Y, Sun-Wada GH, Murakami S, Fukuda M, Itoh T, Noda T. Characterization of Rab32- and Rab38-positive lysosome-related organelles in osteoclasts and macrophages. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105191. [PMID: 37625588 PMCID: PMC10518718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Both the biogenesis and functions of osteoclasts and macrophages involves dynamic membrane traffic. We screened transcript levels for Rab family small GTPases related to osteoclasts and identified Rab38. Rab38 expression is upregulated during osteoclast differentiation and maturation. In osteoclasts, both Rab38 and its paralog, Rab32, colocalize to lysosome-related organelles (LROs). In macrophages, Rab32 is also found in LROs. LROs are part of the endocytic pathway but are distinct from lysosomes. After receptor activator of NF-κB ligand stimulation, LROs contain cathepsin K and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase inside and help both proteins to accumulate around bone resorption pits. After osteoclast maturation, these enzymes are hardly found within LROs. In macrophages derived from Rab32 and Rab38 double knockout mice, both acidification and V-ATPase a3 localization were severely compromised. Both the double knockout macrophage and bafilomycin-treated wildtype macrophage show an increase in Lamp1-positive organelles, implying that biogenesis of lysosomes and LROs are related. These results indicate that Rab32 and Rab38 both play a crucial role in LRO biogenesis in macrophages and in osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Noda
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Center for Frontier Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shiou-Ling Lu
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Center for Frontier Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Center for Frontier Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kanako Tokuda
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yangjie Li
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Center for Frontier Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Feike Hao
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Center for Frontier Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoh Wada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ge-Hong Sun-Wada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Murakami
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Fukuda
- Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takashi Itoh
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Center for Frontier Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Noda
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Center for Frontier Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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Cui X, Lai W, Zhao Y, Chen C. The Exosome-Mediated Cascade Reactions for the Transfer and Inflammatory Responses of Fine Atmospheric Particulate Matter in Macrophages. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:7891-7901. [PMID: 37163641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) is a frequent occurrence to humans, and their adverse outcomes have become a global concern. Although PM-induced inflammation is a common phenomenon, a clear picture of the mechanisms underlying exosome-mediated inflammation of PM has not yet emerged. Here, we show that exosomes can mediate the cascade reactions for the transfer of PM and inflammatory responses of macrophages. Specifically, two fine PM2.5, namely F1 (<0.49 μm) and F2 (0.95-1.5 μm), stimulated a substantial release of exosomes from macrophages (THP-1 cells) with the order of F1 > F2, via regulation of the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R). Inhibiting P2X7R with a specific inhibitor largely prevented the secretion of exosomes. In particular, we found that exosomes served as a mediator for the transfer of PM2.5 to the recipient macrophages and activated NF-κB signaling through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), thereby stimulating inflammatory cytokine release and altering the inflammatory phenotype of recipients. Importantly, the exosomes derived from PM2.5-treated macrophages induced the inflammatory responses of lung in mice. Our results highlight that exosomes undergo a secretion-particle transfer-adverse outcome chain in macrophages treated with PM2.5. Given the ubiquitous atmospheric particulate matter, these new findings underscore an urgent need for assessing the secretion of exosomes and their impact on human health via exosome-centric physiological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- The GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangdong 510700, China
| | - Wenjia Lai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- National Center for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- The GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangdong 510700, China
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27
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Huang J, Gan J, Wang J, Zheng M, Xiao H. VPS72, a member of VPS protein family, can be used as a new prognostic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e856. [PMID: 37249275 PMCID: PMC10201960 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) plays a crucial role in intracellular molecular transport between organelles. However, studies have indicated a correlation between VPSs and tumorigenesis and the development of several cancers. Nevertheless, the association between VPSs and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. METHODS By analyzing databases such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and The International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC), we investigated the differences in VPSs expression between normal tissue and HCC transcriptomes. Furthermore, we examined the relationship between VPSs expression and overall survival (OS) in patients with HCC. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were employed to assess the prognostic value of VPS72 as an independent factor, and the correlation between VPS72 and the tumor immune microenvironment was also analyzed. RESULTS We observed significant overexpression of 28 VPSs in HCC tissues compared to normal tissues. The mRNA expression of VPSs displayed a negative correlation with OS, while exhibiting a positive correlation with tumor grade and stage. Additionally, both univariate and multivariate Cox analyses identified VPS72 as a potential independent risk factor for HCC prognosis. Overexpression of VPS72 demonstrated a positive correlation with various clinicopathological factors associated with poor prognosis, as well as the infiltration levels of immune cells. CONCLUSION Therefore, our research shows that VPSs participate in HCC occurrence and development, especially VPS72, which may act as a potential target for HCC treatment and prognosis biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- Department of General surgeryJiujiang First People's HospitalJiujiangChina
| | - Jin Gan
- Department of General surgeryJiujiang First People's HospitalJiujiangChina
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic SurgeryPingxiang People's HospitalPingxiangChina
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of rehabilitationLushan People's HospitalJiujiangChina
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of General surgeryJiujiang First People's HospitalJiujiangChina
- Department of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic SurgeryJiujiang First People's HospitalJiujiangChina
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28
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Li T, Smith M, Abdussamad M, Katz G, Catalfamo M. A flow-cytometry-based assay to assess granule exocytosis and GZB delivery by human CD8 T cells and NK cells. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:101939. [PMID: 36527713 PMCID: PMC9792553 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8 T and NK cells mediate killing by delivery of perforin and granzyme B (GZB) stored in lysosome-like granules. We present a flow-cytometry-based protocol combined with a redirected killing assay to evaluate granule exocytosis and the cytotoxic potential of human CD8 T cells and NK cells. We describe the assessment of the delivered GZB inside the target cells. We then detail the detection of lysosome membrane protein CD107a exposed on the cell surface of the effector cells upon degranulation. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Chen et al. (2021).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Mindy Smith
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Maryam Abdussamad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Grace Katz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Marta Catalfamo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
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29
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Starkova TY, Polyanichko AM, Artamonova TO, Tsimokha AS, Tomilin AN, Chikhirzhina EV. Structural Characteristics of High-Mobility Group Proteins HMGB1 and HMGB2 and Their Interaction with DNA. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3577. [PMID: 36834988 PMCID: PMC9962726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-histone nuclear proteins HMGB1 and HMGB2 (High Mobility Group) are involved in many biological processes, such as replication, transcription, and repair. The HMGB1 and HMGB2 proteins consist of a short N-terminal region, two DNA-binding domains, A and B, and a C-terminal sequence of glutamic and aspartic acids. In this work, the structural organization of calf thymus HMGB1 and HMGB2 proteins and their complexes with DNA were studied using UV circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Post-translational modifications (PTM) of HMGB1 and HMGB2 proteins were determined with MALDI mass spectrometry. We have shown that despite the similar primary structures of the HMGB1 and HMGB2 proteins, their post-translational modifications (PTMs) demonstrate quite different patterns. The HMGB1 PTMs are located predominantly in the DNA-binding A-domain and linker region connecting the A and B domains. On the contrary, HMGB2 PTMs are found mostly in the B-domain and within the linker region. It was also shown that, despite the high degree of homology between HMGB1 and HMGB2, the secondary structure of these proteins is also slightly different. We believe that the revealed structural properties might determine the difference in the functioning of the HMGB1 and HMGB2 as well as their protein partners.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anna S. Tsimokha
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Stem Cells, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Av. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
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30
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Xu J, Erlendsson S, Singh M, Regier M, Ibiricu I, Day GS, Piquet AL, Clardy SL, Feschotte C, Briggs JAG, Shepherd JD. PNMA2 forms non-enveloped virus-like capsids that trigger paraneoplastic neurological syndrome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.09.527862. [PMID: 36798413 PMCID: PMC9934673 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.09.527862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The paraneoplastic Ma antigen (PNMA) genes are associated with cancer-induced paraneoplastic syndromes that present with neurological symptoms and autoantibody production. How PNMA proteins trigger a severe autoimmune disease is unclear. PNMA genes are predominately expressed in the central nervous system with little known functions but are ectopically expressed in some tumors. Here, we show that PNMA2 is derived from a Ty3 retrotransposon that encodes a protein which forms virus-like capsids released from cells as non-enveloped particles. Recombinant PNMA2 capsids injected into mice induce a robust autoimmune reaction with significant generation of autoantibodies that preferentially bind external "spike" PNMA2 capsid epitopes, while capsid-assembly-defective PNMA2 protein is not immunogenic. PNMA2 autoantibodies present in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with anti-Ma2 paraneoplastic neurologic disease show similar preferential binding to PNMA2 "spike" capsid epitopes. These observations suggest that PNMA2 capsids released from tumors trigger an autoimmune response that underlies Ma2 paraneoplastic neurological syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Xu
- Department of Neurobiology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Simon Erlendsson
- The Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, UK
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Manvendra Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Regier
- Department of Neurobiology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Iosune Ibiricu
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Gregory S. Day
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Amanda L. Piquet
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Stacey L. Clardy
- Department of Neurology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, and George E Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Cedric Feschotte
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - John A. G. Briggs
- The Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, UK
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jason D. Shepherd
- Department of Neurobiology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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31
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Abstract
Lysosomes are acidic membrane-bound organelles that use hydrolytic enzymes to break down material through pathways such as endocytosis, phagocytosis, mitophagy, and autophagy. To function properly, intralysosomal environments are strictly controlled by a set of integral membrane proteins such as ion channels and transporters. Potassium ion (K+) channels are a large and diverse family of membrane proteins that control K+ flux across both the plasma membrane and intracellular membranes. In the plasma membrane, they are essential in both excitable and non-excitable cells for the control of membrane potential and cell signaling. However, our understanding of intracellular K+ channels is very limited. In this review, we summarize the recent development in studies of K+ channels in the lysosome. We focus on their characterization, potential roles in maintaining lysosomal membrane potential and lysosomal function, and pathological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengnan Xu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Yi Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Alia Kazim Rizvi Syeda
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Xian-Ping Dong
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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32
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Aureli M, Mauri L, Carsana EV, Dobi D, Breviario S, Lunghi G, Sonnino S. Gangliosides and Cell Surface Ganglioside Metabolic Enzymes in the Nervous System. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 29:305-332. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12390-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Asadi F, Dhanvantari S. Misrouting of glucagon and stathmin-2 towards lysosomal system of α-cells in glucagon hypersecretion of diabetes. Islets 2022; 14:40-57. [PMID: 34923907 PMCID: PMC8726656 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2021.2011550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon hypersecretion from the pancreatic α-cell is a characteristic sign of diabetes, which exacerbates fasting hyperglycemia. Thus, targeting glucagon secretion from α-cells may be a promising approach for combating hyperglucagonemia. We have recently identified stathmin-2 as an α-cell protein that regulates glucagon secretion by directing glucagon toward the endolysosomal system in αTC1-6 cells. We hypothesized that disruption of Stmn2-mediated trafficking of glucagon to the endolysosomes in diabetes contributes to hyperglucagonemia. In isolated islets from male mice treated with streptozotocin (STZ), glucagon secretion and cellular content were augmented, but cellular Stmn2 levels were reduced (p < .01), as measured by both ELISA and immunofluorescence intensity. Using confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, the colocalization of glucagon and Stmn2 in Lamp2A+ lysosomes was dramatically reduced (p < .001) in islets from diabetic mice, and the colocalization of Stmn2, but not glucagon, with the late endosome marker, Rab7, significantly (p < .01) increased. Further studies were conducted in αTC1-6 cells cultured in media containing high glucose (16.7 mM) for 2 weeks to mimic glucagon hypersecretion of diabetes. Surprisingly, treatment of αTC1-6 cells with the lysosomal inhibitor bafilomycin A1 reduced K+-induced glucagon secretion, suggesting that high glucose may induce glucagon secretion from another lysosomal compartment. Both glucagon and Stmn2 co-localized with Lamp1, which marks secretory lysosomes, in cells cultured in high glucose. We propose that, in addition to enhanced trafficking and secretion through the regulated secretory pathway, the hyperglucagonemia of diabetes may also be due to re-routing of glucagon from the degradative Lamp2A+ lysosome toward the secretory Lamp1+ lysosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Asadi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Savita Dhanvantari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Metabolism & Diabetes and Imaging Programs, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- CONTACT Savita Dhanvantari Lawson Health Research Institute, PO Box 5777, Stn B, London, ONN6A 4V2, Canada
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34
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Weier AK, Homrich M, Ebbinghaus S, Juda P, Miková E, Hauschild R, Zhang L, Quast T, Mass E, Schlitzer A, Kolanus W, Burgdorf S, Gruß OJ, Hons M, Wieser S, Kiermaier E. Multiple centrosomes enhance migration and immune cell effector functions of mature dendritic cells. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:e202107134. [PMID: 36214847 PMCID: PMC9555069 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202107134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes play a crucial role during immune cell interactions and initiation of the immune response. In proliferating cells, centrosome numbers are tightly controlled and generally limited to one in G1 and two prior to mitosis. Defects in regulating centrosome numbers have been associated with cell transformation and tumorigenesis. Here, we report the emergence of extra centrosomes in leukocytes during immune activation. Upon antigen encounter, dendritic cells pass through incomplete mitosis and arrest in the subsequent G1 phase leading to tetraploid cells with accumulated centrosomes. In addition, cell stimulation increases expression of polo-like kinase 2, resulting in diploid cells with two centrosomes in G1-arrested cells. During cell migration, centrosomes tightly cluster and act as functional microtubule-organizing centers allowing for increased persistent locomotion along gradients of chemotactic cues. Moreover, dendritic cells with extra centrosomes display enhanced secretion of inflammatory cytokines and optimized T cell responses. Together, these results demonstrate a previously unappreciated role of extra centrosomes for regular cell and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Weier
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, Immune and Tumor Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mirka Homrich
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, Immune and Tumor Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stephanie Ebbinghaus
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, Immune and Tumor Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Pavel Juda
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Miková
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Hauschild
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Lili Zhang
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, Quantitative Systems Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Quast
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elvira Mass
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, Developmental Biology of the Immune System, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Schlitzer
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, Quantitative Systems Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Waldemar Kolanus
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sven Burgdorf
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, Cellular Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver J. Gruß
- Institute of Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Miroslav Hons
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Stefan Wieser
- Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Eva Kiermaier
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, Immune and Tumor Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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35
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Overlapping Machinery in Lysosome-Related Organelle Trafficking: A Lesson from Rare Multisystem Disorders. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223702. [PMID: 36429129 PMCID: PMC9688865 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosome-related organelles (LROs) are a group of functionally diverse, cell type-specific compartments. LROs include melanosomes, alpha and dense granules, lytic granules, lamellar bodies and other compartments with distinct morphologies and functions allowing specialised and unique functions of their host cells. The formation, maturation and secretion of specific LROs are compromised in a number of hereditary rare multisystem disorders, including Hermansky-Pudlak syndromes, Griscelli syndrome and the Arthrogryposis, Renal dysfunction and Cholestasis syndrome. Each of these disorders impacts the function of several LROs, resulting in a variety of clinical features affecting systems such as immunity, neurophysiology and pigmentation. This has demonstrated the close relationship between LROs and led to the identification of conserved components required for LRO biogenesis and function. Here, we discuss aspects of this conserved machinery among LROs in relation to the heritable multisystem disorders they associate with, and present our current understanding of how dysfunctions in the proteins affected in the disease impact the formation, motility and ultimate secretion of LROs. Moreover, we have analysed the expression of the members of the CHEVI complex affected in Arthrogryposis, Renal dysfunction and Cholestasis syndrome, in different cell types, by collecting single cell RNA expression data from the human protein atlas. We propose a hypothesis describing how transcriptional regulation could constitute a mechanism that regulates the pleiotropic functions of proteins and their interacting partners in different LROs.
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36
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Lampinen M, Hagforsen E, Weström S, Bergström A, Levedahl K, Paivandy A, Lara‐Valencia P, Pejler G, Rollman O. Mefloquine causes selective mast cell apoptosis in cutaneous mastocytosis lesions by a secretory granule-mediated pathway. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1729-1740. [PMID: 35876458 PMCID: PMC9804232 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mastocytosis is a KIT-related myeloproliferative disease characterised by abnormal expansion of neoplastic mast cells (MC) in the skin or virtually any other organ system. The cutaneous form of adult-onset mastocytosis is almost invariably combined with indolent systemic involvement for which curative therapy is yet not available. Here we evaluated a concept of depleting cutaneous MCs in mastocytosis lesions ex vivo by targeting their secretory granules. Skin biopsies from mastocytosis patients were incubated with or without mefloquine, an antimalarial drug known to penetrate into acidic organelles such as MC secretory granules. Mefloquine reduced the number of dermal MCs without affecting keratinocyte proliferation or epidermal gross morphology at drug concentrations up to 40 μM. Flow cytometric analysis of purified dermal MCs showed that mefloquine-induced cell death was mainly due to apoptosis and accompanied by caspase-3 activation. However, caspase inhibition provided only partial protection against mefloquine-induced cell death, indicating predominantly caspase-independent apoptosis. Further assessments revealed that mefloquine caused an elevation of granule pH and a corresponding decrease in cytosolic pH, suggesting drug-induced granule permeabilisation. Extensive damage to the MC secretory granules was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy analysis. Further, blockade of granule acidification or serine protease activity prior to mefloquine treatment protected MCs from apoptosis, indicating that granule acidity and granule-localised serine proteases play major roles in the execution of mefloquine-induced cell death. Altogether, these findings reveal that mefloquine induces selective apoptosis of MCs by targeting their secretory granules and suggest that the drug may potentially extend its range of medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lampinen
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology and VenereologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden,Department of Medical Biochemistry and MicrobiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Eva Hagforsen
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology and VenereologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Simone Weström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology and VenereologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden,Present address:
Department of Immunology, Genetics and PathologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Anna Bergström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology and VenereologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden,Department of DermatologyUppsala University HospitalUppsalaSweden
| | | | - Aida Paivandy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and MicrobiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Paola Lara‐Valencia
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and PathologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Gunnar Pejler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and MicrobiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Ola Rollman
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology and VenereologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
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37
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Nakanishi-Matsui M, Matsumoto N. V-ATPase a3 Subunit in Secretory Lysosome Trafficking in Osteoclasts. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:1426-1431. [PMID: 36184499 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vacuolar-type ATPase (V-ATPase) shares its structure and rotational catalysis with F-type ATPase (F-ATPase, ATP synthase). However, unlike subunits of F-ATPase, those of V-ATPase have tissue- and/or organelle-specific isoforms. Structural diversity of V-ATPase generated by different combinations of subunit isoforms enables it to play diverse physiological roles in mammalian cells. Among these various roles, this review focuses on the functions of lysosome-specific V-ATPase in bone resorption by osteoclasts. Lysosomes remain in the cytoplasm in most cell types, but in osteoclasts, secretory lysosomes move toward and fuse with the plasma membrane to secrete lysosomal enzymes, which is essential for bone resorption. Through this process, lysosomal V-ATPase harboring the a3 isoform of the a subunit is relocated to the plasma membrane, where it transports protons from the cytosol to the cell exterior to generate the acidic extracellular conditions required for secreted lysosomal enzymes. In addition to this role as a proton pump, we recently found that the lysosomal a3 subunit of V-ATPase is essential for anterograde trafficking of secretory lysosomes. Specifically, a3 interacts with Rab7, a member of the Rab guanosine 5'-triphosphatase (GTPase) family that regulates organelle trafficking, and recruits it to the lysosomal membrane. These findings revealed the multifunctionality of lysosomal V-ATPase in osteoclasts; V-ATPase is responsible not only for the formation of the acidic environment by transporting protons, but also for intracellular trafficking of secretory lysosomes by recruiting organelle trafficking factors. Herein, we summarize the molecular mechanism underlying secretory lysosome trafficking in osteoclasts, and discuss the possible regulatory role of V-ATPase in organelle trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naomi Matsumoto
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University
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Rovira M, Sereda R, Pladevall‐Morera D, Ramponi V, Marin I, Maus M, Madrigal‐Matute J, Díaz A, García F, Muñoz J, Cuervo AM, Serrano M. The lysosomal proteome of senescent cells contributes to the senescence secretome. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13707. [PMID: 36087066 PMCID: PMC9577959 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells accumulate in tissues over time, favoring the onset and progression of multiple age-related diseases. Senescent cells present a remarkable increase in lysosomal mass and elevated autophagic activity. Here, we report that two main autophagic pathways macroautophagy (MA) and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) are constitutively upregulated in senescent cells. Proteomic analyses of the subpopulations of lysosomes preferentially engaged in each of these types of autophagy revealed profound quantitative and qualitative changes in senescent cells, affecting both lysosomal resident proteins and cargo proteins delivered to lysosomes for degradation. These studies have led us to identify resident lysosomal proteins that are highly augmented in senescent cells and can be used as novel markers of senescence, such as arylsulfatase ARSA. The abundant secretome of senescent cells, known as SASP, is considered their main pathological mediator; however, little is known about the mechanisms of SASP secretion. Some secretory cells, including melanocytes, use the small GTPase RAB27A to perform lysosomal secretion. We found that this process is exacerbated in the case of senescent melanoma cells, as revealed by the exposure of lysosomal membrane integral proteins LAMP1 and LAMP2 in their plasma membrane. Interestingly, a subset of SASP components, including cytokines CCL2, CCL3, CXCL12, cathepsin CTSD, or the protease inhibitor SERPINE1, are secreted in a RAB27A-dependent manner in senescent melanoma cells. Finally, proteins previously identified as plasma biomarkers of aging are highly enriched in the lysosomes of senescent cells, including CTSD. We conclude that the lysosomal proteome of senescent cells is profoundly reconfigured, and that some senescent cells can be highly active in lysosomal exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Rovira
- Cellular Plasticity and Disease GroupInstitute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Rebecca Sereda
- Department of Developmental and Molecular BiologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Institute for Aging StudiesAlbert Einstein College of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - David Pladevall‐Morera
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Chromosome Stability and Center for Healthy AgingUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Valentina Ramponi
- Cellular Plasticity and Disease GroupInstitute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Ines Marin
- Cellular Plasticity and Disease GroupInstitute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Mate Maus
- Cellular Plasticity and Disease GroupInstitute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Julio Madrigal‐Matute
- Department of Developmental and Molecular BiologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Institute for Aging StudiesAlbert Einstein College of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Instituto Biomédico de Nutrición y SaludEldaSpain
| | - Antonio Díaz
- Department of Developmental and Molecular BiologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Institute for Aging StudiesAlbert Einstein College of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Fernando García
- Proteomics UnitSpanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Javier Muñoz
- Proteomics UnitSpanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO)MadridSpain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research InstituteBarakaldoSpain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for ScienceBilbaoSpain
| | - Ana María Cuervo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular BiologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Institute for Aging StudiesAlbert Einstein College of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Cellular Plasticity and Disease GroupInstitute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)BarcelonaSpain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA)BarcelonaSpain
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Griffiths G, Gruenberg J, Marsh M, Wohlmann J, Jones AT, Parton RG. Nanoparticle entry into cells; the cell biology weak link. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 188:114403. [PMID: 35777667 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NP) are attractive options for the therapeutic delivery of active pharmaceutical drugs, proteins and nucleic acids into cells, tissues and organs. Research into the development and application of NP most often starts with a diverse group of scientists, including chemists, bioengineers and material and pharmaceutical scientists, who design, fabricate and characterize NP in vitro (Stage 1). The next step (Stage 2) generally investigates cell toxicity as well as the processes by which NP bind, are internalized and deliver their cargo to appropriate model tissue culture cells. Subsequently, in Stage 3, selected NP are tested in animal systems, mostly mouse. Whereas the chemistry-based development and analysis in Stage 1 is increasingly sophisticated, the investigations in Stage 2 are not what could be regarded as 'state-of-the-art' for the cell biology field and the quality of research into NP interactions with cells is often sub-standard. In this review we describe our current understanding of the mechanisms by which particles gain entry into mammalian cells via endocytosis. We summarize the most important areas for concern, highlight some of the most common mis-conceptions, and identify areas where NP scientists could engage with trained cell biologists. Our survey of the different mechanisms of uptake into cells makes us suspect that claims for roles for caveolae, as well as macropinocytosis, in NP uptake into cells have been exaggerated, whereas phagocytosis has been under-appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Griffiths
- Department Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, PO Box 1041, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jean Gruenberg
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai E. Ansermet, 1211-Geneva-4, Switzerland
| | - Mark Marsh
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jens Wohlmann
- Department Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, PO Box 1041, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Arwyn T Jones
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, Cardiff, Wales CF103NB, UK
| | - Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Qld 4072, Australia
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Hook G, Reinheckel T, Ni J, Wu Z, Kindy M, Peters C, Hook V. Cathepsin B Gene Knockout Improves Behavioral Deficits and Reduces Pathology in Models of Neurologic Disorders. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:600-629. [PMID: 35710131 PMCID: PMC9553114 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin B (CTSB) is a powerful lysosomal protease. This review evaluated CTSB gene knockout (KO) outcomes for amelioration of brain dysfunctions in neurologic diseases and aging animal models. Deletion of the CTSB gene resulted in significant improvements in behavioral deficits, neuropathology, and/or biomarkers in traumatic brain injury, ischemia, inflammatory pain, opiate tolerance, epilepsy, aging, transgenic Alzheimer's disease (AD), and periodontitis AD models as shown in 12 studies. One study found beneficial effects for double CTSB and cathepsin S KO mice in a multiple sclerosis model. Transgenic AD models using amyloid precursor protein (APP) mimicking common sporadic AD in three studies showed that CTSB KO improved memory, neuropathology, and biomarkers; two studies used APP representing rare familial AD and found no CTSB KO effect, and two studies used highly engineered APP constructs and reported slight increases in a biomarker. In clinical studies, all reports found that CTSB enzyme was upregulated in diverse neurologic disorders, including AD in which elevated CTSB was positively correlated with cognitive dysfunction. In a wide range of neurologic animal models, CTSB was also upregulated and not downregulated. Further, human genetic mutation data provided precedence for CTSB upregulation causing disease. Thus, the consilience of data is that CTSB gene KO results in improved brain dysfunction and reduced pathology through blockade of CTSB enzyme upregulation that causes human neurologic disease phenotypes. The overall findings provide strong support for CTSB as a rational drug target and for CTSB inhibitors as therapeutic candidates for a wide range of neurologic disorders. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review provides a comprehensive compilation of the extensive data on the effects of deleting the cathepsin B (CTSB) gene in neurological and aging mouse models of brain disorders. Mice lacking the CTSB gene display improved neurobehavioral deficits, reduced neuropathology, and amelioration of neuronal cell death and inflammatory biomarkers. The significance of the compelling CTSB evidence is that the data consilience validates CTSB as a drug target for discovery of CTSB inhibitors as potential therapeutics for treating numerous neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Hook
- American Life Science Pharmaceuticals, La Jolla, California (G.H.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (T.R); Center for Biological Signaling Studies BIOSS, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China (J.N.); Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (Z.W); Taneja College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida (M.K.); James A Haley VAMC, Research Service, Tampa, Florida (M.K.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (C.P.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, CA (V.H.); and Department of Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA (V.H.)
| | - Thomas Reinheckel
- American Life Science Pharmaceuticals, La Jolla, California (G.H.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (T.R); Center for Biological Signaling Studies BIOSS, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China (J.N.); Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (Z.W); Taneja College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida (M.K.); James A Haley VAMC, Research Service, Tampa, Florida (M.K.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (C.P.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, CA (V.H.); and Department of Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA (V.H.)
| | - Junjun Ni
- American Life Science Pharmaceuticals, La Jolla, California (G.H.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (T.R); Center for Biological Signaling Studies BIOSS, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China (J.N.); Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (Z.W); Taneja College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida (M.K.); James A Haley VAMC, Research Service, Tampa, Florida (M.K.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (C.P.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, CA (V.H.); and Department of Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA (V.H.)
| | - Zhou Wu
- American Life Science Pharmaceuticals, La Jolla, California (G.H.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (T.R); Center for Biological Signaling Studies BIOSS, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China (J.N.); Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (Z.W); Taneja College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida (M.K.); James A Haley VAMC, Research Service, Tampa, Florida (M.K.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (C.P.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, CA (V.H.); and Department of Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA (V.H.)
| | - Mark Kindy
- American Life Science Pharmaceuticals, La Jolla, California (G.H.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (T.R); Center for Biological Signaling Studies BIOSS, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China (J.N.); Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (Z.W); Taneja College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida (M.K.); James A Haley VAMC, Research Service, Tampa, Florida (M.K.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (C.P.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, CA (V.H.); and Department of Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA (V.H.)
| | - Christoph Peters
- American Life Science Pharmaceuticals, La Jolla, California (G.H.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (T.R); Center for Biological Signaling Studies BIOSS, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China (J.N.); Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (Z.W); Taneja College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida (M.K.); James A Haley VAMC, Research Service, Tampa, Florida (M.K.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (C.P.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, CA (V.H.); and Department of Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA (V.H.)
| | - Vivian Hook
- American Life Science Pharmaceuticals, La Jolla, California (G.H.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (T.R); Center for Biological Signaling Studies BIOSS, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (T.R.); Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China (J.N.); Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (Z.W); Taneja College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida (M.K.); James A Haley VAMC, Research Service, Tampa, Florida (M.K.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (C.P.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, CA (V.H.); and Department of Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA (V.H.)
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Zhang X, Huo F, Zhang Y, Yue Y, Yin C. Dual-channel detection of viscosity and pH with a near-infrared fluorescent probe for cancer visualization. Analyst 2022; 147:2470-2476. [PMID: 35531994 DOI: 10.1039/d2an00547f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Compared to ordinary cells, tumor cells have a unique microenvironment, characterized by high viscosity, low pH, high reactive oxygen species level and the overexpression of certain proteases. Therefore, viscosity and pH can be used as important parameters for visualizing cancer. We designed a spiro-oxazolidine compound (In-1) for the dual-channel detection of viscosity and pH, with the red channel for detecting viscosity and the blue channel for pH. Interestingly, In-1 can locate different organelles under different conditions. Under physiological conditions, In-1 efficiently targeted lysosomes and showed that the viscosity of lysosomes increases in cancer cells while the pH decreases, which can be used to distinguish and detect cancer cells and normal cells. When we treated HL-7702 cells with CCCP, the probe could effectively target the mitochondria, and the fluorescence intensity in the pH channel decreased. This indicates that In-1 can be used as a powerful tool to simultaneously monitor viscosity and pH in different organelles, and may have a guiding role in diseases caused by mitochondrial and lysosomal microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi laboratory for Yellow River, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Fangjun Huo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules of Shanxi Province, Research Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Yongbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules of Shanxi Province, Research Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Yongkang Yue
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi laboratory for Yellow River, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Caixia Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi laboratory for Yellow River, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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Ham H, Medlyn M, Billadeau DD. Locked and Loaded: Mechanisms Regulating Natural Killer Cell Lytic Granule Biogenesis and Release. Front Immunol 2022; 13:871106. [PMID: 35558071 PMCID: PMC9088006 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.871106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity is a critical element of our immune system required for protection from microbial infections and cancer. NK cells bind to and eliminate infected or cancerous cells via direct secretion of cytotoxic molecules toward the bound target cells. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the molecular regulations of NK cell cytotoxicity, focusing on lytic granule development and degranulation processes. NK cells synthesize apoptosis-inducing proteins and package them into specialized organelles known as lytic granules (LGs). Upon activation of NK cells, LGs converge with the microtubule organizing center through dynein-dependent movement along microtubules, ultimately polarizing to the cytotoxic synapse where they subsequently fuse with the NK plasma membrane. From LGs biogenesis to degranulation, NK cells utilize several strategies to protect themselves from their own cytotoxic molecules. Additionally, molecular pathways that enable NK cells to perform serial killing are beginning to be elucidated. These advances in the understanding of the molecular pathways behind NK cell cytotoxicity will be important to not only improve current NK cell-based anti-cancer therapies but also to support the discovery of additional therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoungjun Ham
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Michael Medlyn
- Department of Immunology College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Daniel D Billadeau
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Immunology College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Miettinen TP, Ly KS, Lam A, Manalis SR. Single-cell monitoring of dry mass and dry mass density reveals exocytosis of cellular dry contents in mitosis. eLife 2022; 11:e76664. [PMID: 35535854 PMCID: PMC9090323 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell mass and composition change with cell cycle progression. Our previous work characterized buoyant mass dynamics in mitosis (Miettinen et al., 2019), but how dry mass and cell composition change in mitosis has remained unclear. To better understand mitotic cell growth and compositional changes, we develop a single-cell approach for monitoring dry mass and the density of that dry mass every ~75 s with 1.3% and 0.3% measurement precision, respectively. We find that suspension grown mammalian cells lose dry mass and increase dry mass density following mitotic entry. These changes display large, non-genetic cell-to-cell variability, and the changes are reversed at metaphase-anaphase transition, after which dry mass continues accumulating. The change in dry mass density causes buoyant and dry mass to differ specifically in early mitosis, thus reconciling existing literature on mitotic cell growth. Mechanistically, cells in early mitosis increase lysosomal exocytosis, and inhibition of lysosomal exocytosis decreases the dry mass loss and dry mass density increase in mitosis. Overall, our work provides a new approach for monitoring single-cell dry mass and dry mass density, and reveals that mitosis is coupled to extensive exocytosis-mediated secretion of cellular contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teemu P Miettinen
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- MIT Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Kevin S Ly
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Alice Lam
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Scott R Manalis
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- MIT Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
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44
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Lee J, Xu Y, Ye Y. Safeguarding Lysosomal Homeostasis by DNAJC5/CSPα-Mediated Unconventional Protein Secretion and Endosomal Microautophagy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:906453. [PMID: 35620055 PMCID: PMC9127312 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.906453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) is a collection of genetically inherited neurological disorders characterized by vision loss, seizure, brain death, and premature lethality. At the cellular level, a key pathologic hallmark of NCL is the build-up of autofluorescent storage materials (AFSM) in lysosomes of both neurons and non-neuronal cells. Molecular dissection of the genetic lesions underlying NCLs has shed significant insights into how disruption of lysosomal homeostasis may lead to lipofuscin accumulation and NCLs. Intriguingly, recent studies on DNAJC5/CSPα, a membrane associated HSC70 co-chaperone, have unexpectedly linked lipofuscin accumulation to two intimately coupled protein quality control processes at endolysosomes. This review discusses how deregulation of unconventional protein secretion and endosomal microautophagy (eMI) contributes to lipofuscin accumulation and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yihong Ye
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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45
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Mittal A, Chauhan A. Aspects of Biological Replication and Evolution Independent of the Central Dogma: Insights from Protein-Free Vesicular Transformations and Protein-Mediated Membrane Remodeling. J Membr Biol 2022; 255:185-209. [PMID: 35333977 PMCID: PMC8951669 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-022-00230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biological membrane remodeling is central to living systems. In spite of serving as “containers” of whole-living systems and functioning as dynamic compartments within living systems, biological membranes still find a “blue collar” treatment compared to the “white collar” nucleic acids and proteins in biology. This may be attributable to the fact that scientific literature on biological membrane remodeling is only 50 years old compared to ~ 150 years of literature on proteins and a little less than 100 years on nucleic acids. However, recently, evidence for symbiotic origins of eukaryotic cells from data only on biological membranes was reported. This, coupled with appreciation of reproducible amphiphilic self-assemblies in aqueous environments (mimicking replication), has already initiated discussions on origins of life beyond nucleic acids and proteins. This work presents a comprehensive compilation and meta-analyses of data on self-assembly and vesicular transformations in biological membranes—starting from model membranes to establishment of Influenza Hemagglutinin-mediated membrane fusion as a prototypical remodeling system to a thorough comparison between enveloped mammalian viruses and cellular vesicles. We show that viral membrane fusion proteins, in addition to obeying “stoichiometry-driven protein folding”, have tighter compositional constraints on their amino acid occurrences than general-structured proteins, regardless of type/class. From the perspective of vesicular assemblies and biological membrane remodeling (with and without proteins) we find that cellular vesicles are quite different from viruses. Finally, we propose that in addition to pre-existing thermodynamic frameworks, kinetic considerations in de novo formation of metastable membrane structures with available “third-party” constituents (including proteins) were not only crucial for origins of life but also continue to offer morphological replication and/or functional mechanisms in modern life forms, independent of the central dogma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Mittal
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi), Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India. .,Supercomputing Facility for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (SCFBio), IIT Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Akanksha Chauhan
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi), Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
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Grochowska KM, Andres‐Alonso M, Karpova A, Kreutz MR. The needs of a synapse—How local organelles serve synaptic proteostasis. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110057. [PMID: 35285533 PMCID: PMC8982616 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021110057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic function crucially relies on the constant supply and removal of neuronal membranes. The morphological complexity of neurons poses a significant challenge for neuronal protein transport since the machineries for protein synthesis and degradation are mainly localized in the cell soma. In response to this unique challenge, local micro‐secretory systems have evolved that are adapted to the requirements of neuronal membrane protein proteostasis. However, our knowledge of how neuronal proteins are synthesized, trafficked to membranes, and eventually replaced and degraded remains scarce. Here, we review recent insights into membrane trafficking at synaptic sites and into the contribution of local organelles and micro‐secretory pathways to synaptic function. We describe the role of endoplasmic reticulum specializations in neurons, Golgi‐related organelles, and protein complexes like retromer in the synthesis and trafficking of synaptic transmembrane proteins. We discuss the contribution of autophagy and of proteasome‐mediated and endo‐lysosomal degradation to presynaptic proteostasis and synaptic function, as well as nondegradative roles of autophagosomes and lysosomes in signaling and synapse remodeling. We conclude that the complexity of neuronal cyto‐architecture necessitates long‐distance protein transport that combines degradation with signaling functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna M Grochowska
- Leibniz Group “Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function” Center for Molecular Neurobiology ZMNH University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
- Research Group Neuroplasticity Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology Magdeburg Germany
| | - Maria Andres‐Alonso
- Leibniz Group “Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function” Center for Molecular Neurobiology ZMNH University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
- Research Group Neuroplasticity Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology Magdeburg Germany
| | - Anna Karpova
- Research Group Neuroplasticity Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology Magdeburg Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
| | - Michael R Kreutz
- Leibniz Group “Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function” Center for Molecular Neurobiology ZMNH University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
- Research Group Neuroplasticity Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology Magdeburg Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg Germany
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47
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González-Mancha N, Rodríguez-Rodríguez C, Alcover A, Merida I. Sorting Nexin 27 Enables MTOC and Secretory Machinery Translocation to the Immune Synapse. Front Immunol 2022; 12:814570. [PMID: 35095913 PMCID: PMC8790036 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.814570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorting nexin 27 (SNX27) association to the retromer complex mediates intracellular trafficking of cargoes containing PSD95/Dlg1/ZO-1 (PDZ)-binding C-terminal sequences from endosomes to the cell surface, preventing their lysosomal degradation. Antigen recognition by T lymphocyte leads to the formation of a highly organized structure named the immune synapse (IS), which ensures cell-cell communication and sustained T cell activation. At the neuronal synapse, SNX27 recycles PDZ-binding receptors and its defective expression is associated with synaptic dysfunction and cognitive impairment. In T lymphocytes, SNX27 was found localized at recycling endosomal compartments that polarized to the IS, suggesting a function in polarized traffic to this structure. Proteomic analysis of PDZ-SNX27 interactors during IS formation identify proteins with known functions in cytoskeletal reorganization and lipid regulation, such as diacylglycerol (DAG) kinase (DGK) ζ, as well as components of the retromer and WASH complex. In this study, we investigated the consequences of SNX27 deficiency in cytoskeletal reorganization during IS formation. Our analyses demonstrate that SNX27 controls the polarization towards the cell-cell interface of the PDZ-interacting cargoes DGKζ and the retromer subunit vacuolar protein sorting protein 26, among others. SNX27 silencing abolishes the formation of a DAG gradient at the IS and prevents re-localization of the dynactin complex component dynactin-1/p150Glued, two events that correlate with impaired microtubule organizing center translocation (MTOC). SNX27 silenced cells show marked alteration in cytoskeleton organization including a failure in the organization of the microtubule network and defects in actin clearance at the IS. Reduced SNX27 expression was also found to hinder the arrangement of signaling microclusters at the IS, as well as the polarization of the secretory machinery towards the antigen presenting cells. Our results broaden the knowledge of SNX27 function in T lymphocytes by showing a function in modulating IS organization through regulated trafficking of cargoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia González-Mancha
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Alcover
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Unité Biologie Cellulaire des Lymphocytes, INSERM U1224, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Équipe Labellisée Ligue-2018, Paris, France
| | - Isabel Merida
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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48
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Lettau M, Janssen O. Intra- and Extracellular Effector Vesicles From Human T And NK Cells: Same-Same, but Different? Front Immunol 2022; 12:804895. [PMID: 35003134 PMCID: PMC8733945 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.804895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and Natural Killer (NK) cells utilize an overlapping effector arsenal for the elimination of target cells. It was initially proposed that all cytotoxic effector proteins are stored in lysosome-related effector vesicles (LREV) termed "secretory lysosomes" as a common storage compartment and are only released into the immunological synapse formed between the effector and target cell. The analysis of enriched LREV, however, revealed an uneven distribution of individual effectors in morphologically distinct vesicular entities. Two major populations of LREV were distinguished based on their protein content and signal requirements for degranulation. Light vesicles carrying FasL and 15 kDa granulysin are released in a PKC-dependent and Ca2+-independent manner, whereas dense granules containing perforin, granzymes and 9 kDa granulysin require Ca2+-signaling as a hallmark of classical degranulation. Notably, both types of LREV do not only contain the mentioned cytolytic effectors, but also store and transport diverse other immunomodulatory proteins including MHC class I and II, costimulatory and adhesion molecules, enzymes (i.e. CD26/DPP4) or cytokines. Interestingly, the recent analyses of CTL- or NK cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) revealed the presence of a related mixture of proteins in microvesicles or exosomes that in fact resemble fingerprints of the cells of origin. This overlapping protein profile indicates a direct relation of intra- and extracellular vesicles. Since EV potentially also interact with cells at distant sites (apart from the IS), they might act as additional effector vesicles or intercellular communicators in a more systemic fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Lettau
- Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine II, Unit for Hematological Diagnostics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ottmar Janssen
- Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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49
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Ho LWC, Chan CKW, Han R, Lau YFY, Li H, Ho YP, Zhuang X, Choi CHJ. Mammalian Cells Exocytose Alkylated Gold Nanoparticles via Extracellular Vesicles. ACS NANO 2022; 16:2032-2045. [PMID: 35137580 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the exocytosis of nanoparticles (NPs) from cells is valuable because it informs design rules of NPs that support desirable cellular retention for nanomedicine applications, but investigations into the mechanism for the exocytosis of NPs remain scarce. We elucidate the mechanism for the exocytosis of dodecyl-terminated, polyethylene glycol-coated gold NPs (termed "dodecyl-PEG-AuNP"). The Au core enables ultrastructural differentiation of the exocytosed NPs from the nearby extracellular vesicles (EVs). The PEG shell prevents interparticle agglomeration or aggregation that disfavors exocytosis. The minute amounts of alkyl chains on the PEG shell not only promote cellular uptake but also improve exocytosis by up to 4-fold higher probability and upregulate exocytosis- and vesicle-related genes. After entering Kera-308 keratinocytes and trafficking to multivesicular bodies and lysosomes, these NPs exit the cell predominantly via unconventional exocytosis, accompanied by enhanced secretion of sub-100 nm, CD81-enriched exosomes. The pathway for NP exocytosis and subpopulation of EVs that are secreted alongside the exocytosed NPs depends on dodecyl loading. This work provides insights into dissecting the mechanism of NP exocytosis and its relationship with EV secretion.
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50
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Li H, Kim H, Xu F, Han J, Yao Q, Wang J, Pu K, Peng X, Yoon J. Activity-based NIR fluorescent probes based on the versatile hemicyanine scaffold: design strategy, biomedical applications, and outlook. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1795-1835. [PMID: 35142301 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00307k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of a near-infrared (NIR, 650-900 nm) fluorescent chromophore hemicyanine dye with high structural tailorability is of great significance in the field of detection, bioimaging, and medical therapeutic applications. It exhibits many outstanding advantages including absorption and emission in the NIR region, tunable spectral properties, high photostability as well as a large Stokes shift. These properties are superior to those of conventional fluorogens, such as coumarin, fluorescein, naphthalimides, rhodamine, and cyanine. Researchers have made remarkable progress in developing activity-based multifunctional fluorescent probes based on hemicyanine skeletons for monitoring vital biomolecules in living systems through the output of fluorescence/photoacoustic signals, and integration of diagnosis and treatment of diseases using chemotherapy or photothermal/photodynamic therapy or combination therapy. These achievements prompted researchers to develop more smart fluorescent probes using a hemicyanine fluorogen as a template. In this review, we begin by describing the brief history of the discovery of hemicyanine dyes, synthetic approaches, and design strategies for activity-based functional fluorescent probes. Then, many selected hemicyanine-based probes that can detect ions, small biomolecules, overexpressed enzymes and diagnostic reagents for diseases are systematically highlighted. Finally, potential drawbacks and the outlook for future investigation and clinical medicine transformation of hemicyanine-based activatable functional probes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China. .,School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Heejeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jingjing Han
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Qichao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Jingyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China. .,School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, 637457, Singapore. .,Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China. .,Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology in Shenzhen, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
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