1
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Terenzi D, Silvetti M, Zoccolan G, Rumiati RI, Aiello M. The impact of subclinical psychotic symptoms on delay and effort discounting: Insights from behavioral, computational, and electrophysiological methods. Schizophr Res 2024; 271:271-280. [PMID: 39068879 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to value rewards is crucial for adaptive behavior and is influenced by the time and effort required to obtain them. Impairments in these computations have been observed in patients with schizophrenia and may be present in individuals with subclinical psychotic symptoms (PS). METHODS In this study, we employed delay and effort-discounting tasks with food rewards in thirty-nine participants divided into high and low levels of PS. We investigated the underlying mechanisms of effort-discounting through computational modelling of dopamine prefrontal and subcortical circuits and the electrophysiological biomarker of both delay and effort-discounting alterations through resting-state frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA). RESULTS Results revealed greater delay discounting in the High PS group compared to the Low PS group but no differences in the effort discounting task. However, in this task, the same levels of estimated dopamine release were associated with a lower willingness to exert effort for high-calorie food rewards in High PS participants compared to Low PS participants. Although there were no significant differences in FAA between the High PS and Low PS groups, FAA was significantly associated with the severity of participants' negative symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that the dysfunction in temporal and effort cost computations, seen in patients with schizophrenia, may be present in individuals with subclinical PS. These findings provide valuable insight into the early vulnerability markers (behavioral, computational, and electrophysiological) for psychosis, which may aid in the development of preventive interventions. These findings are preliminary and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Terenzi
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289 CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
| | - Massimo Silvetti
- Computational and Translational Neuroscience Lab (CTNLab), Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Raffaella I Rumiati
- Area of Neuroscience, SISSA, Trieste, Italy; University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Marilena Aiello
- Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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2
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Sheheitli H, Jirsa V. Incorporating slow NMDA-type receptors with nonlinear voltage-dependent magnesium block in a next generation neural mass model: derivation and dynamics. J Comput Neurosci 2024:10.1007/s10827-024-00874-2. [PMID: 38967732 DOI: 10.1007/s10827-024-00874-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
We derive a next generation neural mass model of a population of quadratic-integrate-and-fire neurons, with slow adaptation, and conductance-based AMPAR, GABAR and nonlinear NMDAR synapses. We show that the Lorentzian ansatz assumption can be satisfied by introducing a piece-wise polynomial approximation of the nonlinear voltage-dependent magnesium block of NMDAR current. We study the dynamics of the resulting system for two example cases of excitatory cortical neurons and inhibitory striatal neurons. Bifurcation diagrams are presented comparing the different dynamical regimes as compared to the case of linear NMDAR currents, along with sample comparison simulation time series demonstrating different possible oscillatory solutions. The omission of the nonlinearity of NMDAR currents results in a shift in the range (and possible disappearance) of the constant high firing rate regime, along with a modulation in the amplitude and frequency power spectrum of oscillations. Moreover, nonlinear NMDAR action is seen to be state-dependent and can have opposite effects depending on the type of neurons involved and the level of input firing rate received. The presented model can serve as a computationally efficient building block in whole brain network models for investigating the differential modulation of different types of synapses under neuromodulatory influence or receptor specific malfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Sheheitli
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
| | - Viktor Jirsa
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
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3
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Bliznashki S. On the relationship between subjective decision criteria and paranoid ideations. Cogn Process 2024:10.1007/s10339-024-01204-1. [PMID: 38922378 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-024-01204-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Following the conjecture made by (Bliznashki and Hristova in Appetite 167:105645, 2021), we test the hypothesis that liberal subjective decision criteria exhibited during a task involving discrimination between random and systematically correlated patterns should be associated with elevated levels of paranoid ideations. Study 1 establishes the proposed association in the presence of several control measures while also demonstrating that the relationship in question is significantly moderated by subjects' working memory spans and tendencies to be overconfident in their judgments. Study 2 provides further evidence that these effects are indeed specific to tasks involving discrimination between random and systematic patterns and that the observed results are not due to some form of (anti) acquiescence bias or other general trends. Certain specifics of the correlation matrices involving cognitive measures significantly related to the paranoia continuum suggest that our results are consistent with the Entropic Brain Hypothesis. Finally, a simulation study employing a Neural Network demonstrates that increased entropy and liberal decision criteria might be connected to each other with said connection being amenable to an interpretation within the Bayesian paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetoslav Bliznashki
- Department of General, Experimental, Developmental and Health Psychology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", Bul. "Tsar Osvoboditel" 15, 1504, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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4
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Yi C, Li F, Wang J, Li Y, Zhang J, Chen W, Jiang L, Yao D, Xu P, He B, Dong W. Abnormal trial-to-trial variability in P300 time-varying directed eeg network of schizophrenia. Med Biol Eng Comput 2024:10.1007/s11517-024-03133-9. [PMID: 38834855 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-024-03133-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive disturbance in identifying, processing, and responding to salient or novel stimuli are typical attributes of schizophrenia (SCH), and P300 has been proven to serve as a reliable psychosis endophenotype. The instability of neural processing across trials, i.e., trial-to-trial variability (TTV), is getting increasing attention in uncovering how the SCH "noisy" brain organizes during cognition processes. Nevertheless, the TTV in the brain network remains unrevealed, notably how it varies in different task stages. In this study, resorting to the time-varying directed electroencephalogram (EEG) network, we investigated the time-resolved TTV of the functional organizations subserving the evoking of P300. Results revealed anomalous TTV in time-varying networks across the delta, theta, alpha, beta1, and beta2 bands of SCH. The TTV of cross-band time-varying network properties can efficiently recognize SCH (accuracy: 83.39%, sensitivity: 89.22%, and specificity: 74.55%) and evaluate the psychiatric symptoms (i.e., Hamilton's depression scale-24, r = 0.430, p = 0.022, RMSE = 4.891; Hamilton's anxiety scale-14, r = 0.377, p = 0.048, RMSE = 4.575). Our study brings new insights into probing the time-resolved functional organization of the brain, and TTV in time-varying networks may provide a powerful tool for mining the substrates accounting for SCH and diagnostic evaluation of SCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanlin Yi
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Fali Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
- Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 2019RU035, China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jiuju Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yuqin Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Jiamin Zhang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Wanjun Chen
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Dezhong Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
- Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 2019RU035, China
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Peng Xu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China.
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Rehabilitation Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Baoming He
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Wentian Dong
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China.
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5
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Elmers J, Colzato LS, Ziemssen F, Ziemssen T, Beste C. Optical coherence tomography as a potential surrogate marker of dopaminergic modulation across the life span. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102280. [PMID: 38518921 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
The retina has been considered a "window to the brain" and shares similar innervation by the dopaminergic system with the cortex in terms of an unequal distribution of D1 and D2 receptors. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview that Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), a non-invasive imaging technique, which provides an "in vivo" representation of the retina, shows promise to be used as a surrogate marker of dopaminergic neuromodulation in cognition. Overall, most evidence supports reduced retinal thickness in individuals with dopaminergic dysregulation (e.g., patients with Parkinson's Disease, non-demented older adults) and with poor cognitive functioning. By using the theoretical framework of metacontrol, we derive hypotheses that retinal thinning associated to decreased dopamine (DA) levels affecting D1 families, might lead to a decrease in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) affecting cognitive persistence (depending on D1-modulated DA activity) but not cognitive flexibility (depending on D2-modulated DA activity). We argue that the use of OCT parameters might not only be an insightful for cognitive neuroscience research, but also a potentially effective tool for individualized medicine with a focus on cognition. As our society progressively ages in the forthcoming years and decades, the preservation of cognitive abilities and promoting healthy aging will hold of crucial significance. OCT has the potential to function as a swift, non-invasive, and economical method for promptly recognizing individuals with a heightened vulnerability to cognitive deterioration throughout all stages of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Elmers
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany; Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Lorenza S Colzato
- Cognitive Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Focke Ziemssen
- Ophthalmological Clinic, University Clinic Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tjalf Ziemssen
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany; Cognitive Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.
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6
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Creighton SE, Bennett PJ, Sekuler AB. Contribution of internal noise and calculation efficiency to face discrimination deficits in older adults. Vision Res 2024; 216:108348. [PMID: 38176083 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2023.108348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Classification images (CIs) measured in a face discrimination task differ significantly between older and younger observers. These age differences are consistent with the hypothesis that older adults sample diagnostic face information less efficiently, or have higher levels of internal noise, compared to younger adults. The current experiments assessed the relative contributions of efficiency and internal noise to age differences in face discrimination using the external noise masking and double-pass response consistency paradigms. Experiment 1 measured discrimination thresholds for faces embedded in several levels of static white noise, and the resulting threshold-vs.-noise curves were used to estimate calculation efficiency and equivalent input noise: older observers had lower efficiency and higher equivalent input noise than younger observers. Experiment 2 presented observers with two identical sequences of faces embedded in static white noise to measure the association between response accuracy and response consistency and estimate the internal:external (i/e) noise ratio for each observer. We found that i/e noise ratios did not differ significantly between groups. These results suggest that age differences in face discrimination are due to differences in calculation efficiency and additive internal noise, but not to age differences in multiplicative internal noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Creighton
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
| | - Patrick J Bennett
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
| | - Allison B Sekuler
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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7
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Mastwal S, Li X, Stowell R, Manion M, Zhang W, Kim NS, Yoon KJ, Song H, Ming GL, Wang KH. Adolescent neurostimulation of dopamine circuit reverses genetic deficits in frontal cortex function. eLife 2023; 12:RP87414. [PMID: 37830916 PMCID: PMC10575630 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine system dysfunction is implicated in adolescent-onset neuropsychiatric disorders. Although psychosis symptoms can be alleviated by antipsychotics, cognitive symptoms remain unresponsive and novel paradigms investigating the circuit substrates underlying cognitive deficits are critically needed. The frontal cortex and its dopaminergic input from the midbrain are implicated in cognitive functions and undergo maturational changes during adolescence. Here, we used mice carrying mutations in Arc or Disc1 to model mesofrontal dopamine circuit deficiencies and test circuit-based neurostimulation strategies to restore cognitive functions. We found that in a memory-guided spatial navigation task, frontal cortical neurons were activated coordinately at the decision-making point in wild-type but not Arc-/- mice. Chemogenetic stimulation of midbrain dopamine neurons or optogenetic stimulation of frontal cortical dopamine axons in a limited adolescent period consistently reversed genetic defects in mesofrontal innervation, task-coordinated neuronal activity, and memory-guided decision-making at adulthood. Furthermore, adolescent stimulation of dopamine neurons also reversed the same cognitive deficits in Disc1+/- mice. Our findings reveal common mesofrontal circuit alterations underlying the cognitive deficits caused by two different genes and demonstrate the feasibility of adolescent neurostimulation to reverse these circuit and behavioral deficits. These results may suggest developmental windows and circuit targets for treating cognitive deficits in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surjeet Mastwal
- Unit on Neural Circuits and Adaptive Behaviors, National Institute of Mental HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Xinjian Li
- Unit on Neural Circuits and Adaptive Behaviors, National Institute of Mental HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Rianne Stowell
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterUnited States
| | - Matthew Manion
- Unit on Neural Circuits and Adaptive Behaviors, National Institute of Mental HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Wenyu Zhang
- Unit on Neural Circuits and Adaptive Behaviors, National Institute of Mental HealthBethesdaUnited States
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterUnited States
| | - Nam-Shik Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Ki-Jun Yoon
- Department of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Department of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Kuan Hong Wang
- Unit on Neural Circuits and Adaptive Behaviors, National Institute of Mental HealthBethesdaUnited States
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterUnited States
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8
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Abbasi S, Wolff A, Çatal Y, Northoff G. Increased noise relates to abnormal excitation-inhibition balance in schizophrenia: a combined empirical and computational study. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:10477-10491. [PMID: 37562844 PMCID: PMC10560578 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroencephalography studies link sensory processing issues in schizophrenia to increased noise level-noise here is background spontaneous activity-as measured by the signal-to-noise ratio. The mechanism, however, of such increased noise is unknown. We investigate if this relates to changes in cortical excitation-inhibition balance, which has been observed to be atypical in schizophrenia, by combining electroencephalography and computational modeling. Our electroencephalography task results, for which the local field potentials can be used as a proxy, show lower signal-to-noise ratio due to higher noise in schizophrenia. Both electroencephalography rest and task states exhibit higher levels of excitation in the functional excitation-inhibition (as a proxy of excitation-inhibition balance). This suggests a relationship between increased noise and atypical excitation in schizophrenia, which was addressed by using computational modeling. A Leaky Integrate-and-Fire model was used to simulate the effects of varying degrees of noise on excitation-inhibition balance, local field potential, NMDA current, and . Results show a noise-related increase in the local field potential, excitation in excitation-inhibition balance, pyramidal NMDA current, and spike rate. Mutual information and mediation analysis were used to explore a cross-level relationship, showing that the cortical local field potential plays a key role in transferring the effect of noise to the cellular population level of NMDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Abbasi
- University of Ottawa, Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa ON K1Z 7K4, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hamedan University of Technology, Hamedan 65169-13733, Iran
| | - Annemarie Wolff
- University of Ottawa, Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa ON K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Yasir Çatal
- University of Ottawa, Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa ON K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Georg Northoff
- University of Ottawa, Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa ON K1Z 7K4, Canada
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9
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Lawther AJ, Zieba J, Fang Z, Furlong TM, Conn I, Govindaraju H, Choong LLY, Turner N, Siddiqui KS, Bridge W, Merlin S, Hyams TC, Killingsworth M, Eapen V, Clarke RA, Walker AK. Antioxidant Behavioural Phenotype in the Immp2l Gene Knock-Out Mouse. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1717. [PMID: 37761857 PMCID: PMC10531238 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is strongly associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the Inner mitochondrial membrane protein 2-like (IMMP2L) gene is linked to autism inheritance. However, the biological basis of this linkage is unknown notwithstanding independent reports of oxidative stress in association with both IMMP2L and ASD. To better understand IMMP2L's association with behaviour, we developed the Immp2lKD knockout (KO) mouse model which is devoid of Immp2l peptidase activity. Immp2lKD -/- KO mice do not display any of the core behavioural symptoms of ASD, albeit homozygous Immp2lKD -/- KO mice do display increased auditory stimulus-driven instrumental behaviour and increased amphetamine-induced locomotion. Due to reports of increased ROS and oxidative stress phenotypes in an earlier truncated Immp2l mouse model resulting from an intragenic deletion within Immp2l, we tested whether high doses of the synthetic mitochondrial targeted antioxidant (MitoQ) could reverse or moderate the behavioural changes in Immp2lKD -/- KO mice. To our surprise, we observed that ROS levels were not increased but significantly lowered in our new Immp2lKD -/- KO mice and that these mice had no oxidative stress-associated phenotypes and were fully fertile with no age-related ataxia or neurodegeneration as ascertained using electron microscopy. Furthermore, the antioxidant MitoQ had no effect on the increased amphetamine-induced locomotion of these mice. Together, these findings indicate that the behavioural changes in Immp2lKD -/- KO mice are associated with an antioxidant-like phenotype with lowered and not increased levels of ROS and no oxidative stress-related phenotypes. This suggested that treatments with antioxidants are unlikely to be effective in treating behaviours directly resulting from the loss of Immp2l/IMMP2L activity, while any behavioural deficits that maybe associated with IMMP2L intragenic deletion-associated truncations have yet to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Lawther
- Laboratory of ImmunoPsychiatry, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Jerzy Zieba
- Laboratory of ImmunoPsychiatry, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
- Department of Psychology, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Zhiming Fang
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (T.C.H.)
| | - Teri M. Furlong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Illya Conn
- Laboratory of ImmunoPsychiatry, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Hemna Govindaraju
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Laura L. Y. Choong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Nigel Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Khawar Sohail Siddiqui
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Wallace Bridge
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Sam Merlin
- Medical Science, School of Science, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Tzipi Cohen Hyams
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (T.C.H.)
| | - Murray Killingsworth
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (T.C.H.)
- NSW Health Pathology, Liverpool Hospital Campus, 1 Campbell Street, Liverpool, NSW 2107, Australia
| | - Valsamma Eapen
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (T.C.H.)
- Academic Unit of Infant Child and Adolescent Services (AUCS), South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Raymond A. Clarke
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (T.C.H.)
- Academic Unit of Infant Child and Adolescent Services (AUCS), South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Adam K. Walker
- Laboratory of ImmunoPsychiatry, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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10
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Abstract
The current gap between computing algorithms and neuromorphic hardware to emulate brains is an outstanding bottleneck in developing neural computing technologies. Aimone and Parekh discuss the possibility of bridging this gap using theoretical computing frameworks from a neuroscience perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Aimone
- Neural Exploration and Research Laboratory, Center for Computing Research, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Ojas Parekh
- Neural Exploration and Research Laboratory, Center for Computing Research, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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11
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Xu Z, Zhai Y, Kang Y. Mutual information measure of visual perception based on noisy spiking neural networks. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1155362. [PMID: 37655008 PMCID: PMC10467273 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1155362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Note that images of low-illumination are weak aperiodic signals, while mutual information can be used as an effective measure for the shared information between the input stimulus and the output response of nonlinear systems, thus it is possible to develop novel visual perception algorithm based on the principle of aperiodic stochastic resonance within the frame of information theory. To confirm this, we reveal this phenomenon using the integrate-and-fire neural networks of neurons with noisy binary random signal as input first. And then, we propose an improved visual perception algorithm with the image mutual information as assessment index. The numerical experiences show that the target image can be picked up with more easiness by the maximal mutual information than by the minimum of natural image quality evaluation (NIQE), which is one of the most frequently used indexes. Moreover, the advantage of choosing quantile as spike threshold has also been confirmed. The improvement of this research should provide large convenience for potential applications including video tracking in environments of low illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yanmei Kang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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12
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Mastwal S, Li X, Stowell R, Manion M, Zhang W, Kim NS, Yoon KJ, Song H, Ming GL, Wang KH. Adolescent neurostimulation of dopamine circuit reverses genetic deficits in frontal cortex function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.03.526987. [PMID: 36778456 PMCID: PMC9915739 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.03.526987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine system dysfunction is commonly implicated in adolescent-onset neuropsychiatric disorders. Although psychosis symptoms can be alleviated by antipsychotics, cognitive symptoms remain unresponsive to such pharmacological treatments and novel research paradigms investigating the circuit substrates underlying cognitive deficits are critically needed. The frontal cortex and its dopaminergic input from the midbrain are implicated in cognitive functions and undergo maturational changes during adolescence. Here, we used mice carrying mutations in the Arc or DISC1 genes to model mesofrontal dopamine circuit deficiencies and test circuit-based neurostimulation strategies to restore cognitive functions. We found that in a memory-guided spatial navigation task, frontal cortical neurons were activated coordinately at the decision-making point in wild-type but not Arc mutant mice. Chemogenetic stimulation of midbrain dopamine neurons or optogenetic stimulation of frontal cortical dopamine axons in a limited adolescent period consistently reversed genetic defects in mesofrontal innervation, task-coordinated neuronal activity, and memory-guided decision-making at adulthood. Furthermore, adolescent stimulation of dopamine neurons also reversed the same cognitive deficits in DISC1 mutant mice. Our findings reveal common mesofrontal circuit alterations underlying the cognitive deficits caused by two different genes and demonstrate the feasibility of adolescent neurostimulation to reverse these circuit and behavioral deficits. These results may suggest developmental windows and circuit targets for treating cognitive deficits in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surjeet Mastwal
- Unit on Neural Circuits and Adaptive Behaviors, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Xinjian Li
- Unit on Neural Circuits and Adaptive Behaviors, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Rianne Stowell
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Matthew Manion
- Unit on Neural Circuits and Adaptive Behaviors, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Wenyu Zhang
- Unit on Neural Circuits and Adaptive Behaviors, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Nam-Shik Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Ki-jun Yoon
- Department of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Guo-li Ming
- Department of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Kuan Hong Wang
- Unit on Neural Circuits and Adaptive Behaviors, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
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13
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Ramirez-Mahaluf JP, Tepper Á, Alliende LM, Mena C, Castañeda CP, Iruretagoyena B, Nachar R, Reyes-Madrigal F, León-Ortiz P, Mora-Durán R, Ossandon T, Gonzalez-Valderrama A, Undurraga J, de la Fuente-Sandoval C, Crossley NA. Dysconnectivity in Schizophrenia Revisited: Abnormal Temporal Organization of Dynamic Functional Connectivity in Patients With a First Episode of Psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:706-716. [PMID: 36472382 PMCID: PMC10154721 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Abnormal functional connectivity between brain regions is a consistent finding in schizophrenia, including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. Recent studies have highlighted that connectivity changes in time in healthy subjects. We here examined the temporal changes in functional connectivity in patients with a first episode of psychosis (FEP). Specifically, we analyzed the temporal order in which whole-brain organization states were visited. STUDY DESIGN Two case-control studies, including in each sample a subgroup scanned a second time after treatment. Chilean sample included 79 patients with a FEP and 83 healthy controls. Mexican sample included 21 antipsychotic-naïve FEP patients and 15 healthy controls. Characteristics of the temporal trajectories between whole-brain functional connectivity meta-states were examined via resting-state functional MRI using elements of network science. We compared the cohorts of cases and controls and explored their differences as well as potential associations with symptoms, cognition, and antipsychotic medication doses. STUDY RESULTS We found that the temporal sequence in which patients' brain dynamics visited the different states was more redundant and segregated. Patients were less flexible than controls in changing their network in time from different configurations, and explored the whole landscape of possible states in a less efficient way. These changes were related to the dose of antipsychotics the patients were receiving. We replicated the relationship with antipsychotic medication in the antipsychotic-naïve FEP sample scanned before and after treatment. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that psychosis is related to a temporal disorganization of the brain's dynamic functional connectivity, and this is associated with antipsychotic medication use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Ramirez-Mahaluf
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ángeles Tepper
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luz Maria Alliende
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Mena
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Carmen Paz Castañeda
- Early Intervention Program, Instituto Psiquiátrico Dr. J Horwitz Barak, Santiago, Chile
| | - Barbara Iruretagoyena
- Early Intervention Program, Instituto Psiquiátrico Dr. J Horwitz Barak, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ruben Nachar
- Early Intervention Program, Instituto Psiquiátrico Dr. J Horwitz Barak, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Reyes-Madrigal
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychiatry, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pablo León-Ortiz
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychiatry, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Mora-Durán
- Emergency Department, Hospital Fray Bernardino Álvarez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tomas Ossandon
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfonso Gonzalez-Valderrama
- Early Intervention Program, Instituto Psiquiátrico Dr. J Horwitz Barak, Santiago, Chile
- School of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Undurraga
- Early Intervention Program, Instituto Psiquiátrico Dr. J Horwitz Barak, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camilo de la Fuente-Sandoval
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychiatry, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico
- Neuropsychiatry Department, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nicolas A Crossley
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Biomedical Imaging Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de, Santiago, Chile
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
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14
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Padmanabhan P, Casamento-Moran A, Kim A, Gonzalez AJ, Pantelyat A, Roemmich RT, Chib VS. Dopamine facilitates the translation of physical exertion into assessments of effort. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:51. [PMID: 37005418 PMCID: PMC10067851 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00490-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Our assessments of effort are critically shaped by experiences of exertion. However, it is unclear how the nervous system transforms physical exertion into assessments of effort. Availability of the neuromodulator dopamine influences features of motor performance and effort-based decision-making. To test dopamine's role in the translation of effortful exertion into assessments of effort, we had participants with Parkinson's disease, in dopamine depleted (OFF dopaminergic medication) and elevated (ON dopaminergic medication) states, exert levels of physical exertion and retrospectively assess how much effort they exerted. In a dopamine-depleted state, participants exhibited increased exertion variability and over-reported their levels of exertion, compared to the dopamine-supplemented state. Increased exertion variability was associated with less accurate effort assessment and dopamine had a protective influence on this effect, reducing the extent to which exertion variability corrupted assessments of effort. Our findings provide an account of dopamine's role in the translation of features of motor performance into judgments of effort, and a potential therapeutic target for the increased sense of effort observed across a range of neurologic and psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purnima Padmanabhan
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Aram Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Alexander Pantelyat
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ryan T Roemmich
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vikram S Chib
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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15
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Pruunsild P, Bengtson CP, Loss I, Lohrer B, Bading H. Expression of the primate-specific LINC00473 RNA in mouse neurons promotes excitability and CREB-regulated transcription. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104671. [PMID: 37019214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The LINC00473 (Lnc473) gene has previously been shown to be associated with cancer and psychiatric disorders. Its expression is elevated in several types of tumors and decreased in the brains of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or major depression. In neurons, Lnc473 transcription is strongly responsive to synaptic activity, suggesting a role in adaptive, plasticity-related mechanisms. However, the function of Lnc473 is largely unknown. Here, using a recombinant adeno-associated viral vector, we introduced a primate-specific human Lnc473 RNA into mouse primary neurons. We show that this resulted in a transcriptomic shift comprising downregulation of epilepsy-associated genes and a rise in cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) activity, which was driven by augmented CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 1 (CRTC1) nuclear localization. Moreover, we demonstrate that ectopic Lnc473 expression increased neuronal excitability as well as network excitability. These findings suggest that primates may possess a lineage-specific activity-dependent modulator of CREB-regulated neuronal excitability.
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16
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Tepper Á, Vásquez Núñez J, Ramirez-Mahaluf JP, Aguirre JM, Barbagelata D, Maldonado E, Díaz Dellarossa C, Nachar R, González-Valderrama A, Undurraga J, Goñi J, Crossley N. Intra and inter-individual variability in functional connectomes of patients with First Episode of Psychosis. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 38:103391. [PMID: 37003128 PMCID: PMC10102560 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Patients with Schizophrenia may show different clinical presentations, not only regarding inter-individual comparisons but also in one specific subject over time. In fMRI studies, functional connectomes have been shown to carry valuable individual level information, which can be associated with cognitive and behavioral variables. Moreover, functional connectomes have been used to identify subjects within a group, as if they were fingerprints. For the particular case of Schizophrenia, it has been shown that there is reduced connectome stability as well as higher inter-individual variability. Here, we studied inter and intra-individual heterogeneity by exploring functional connectomes' variability and related it with clinical variables (PANSS Total scores and antipsychotic's doses). Our sample consisted of 30 patients with First Episode of Psychosis and 32 Healthy Controls, with a test-retest approach of two resting-state fMRI scanning sessions. In our patients' group, we found increased deviation from healthy functional connectomes and increased intragroup inter-subject variability, which was positively correlated to symptoms' levels in six subnetworks (visual, somatomotor, dorsal attention, ventral attention, frontoparietal and DMN). Moreover, changes in symptom severity were positively related to changes in deviation from healthy functional connectomes. Regarding intra-subject variability, we were unable to replicate previous findings of reduced connectome stability (i.e., increased intra-subject variability), but we found a trend suggesting that result. Our findings highlight the relevance of variability characterization in Schizophrenia, and they can be related to evidence of Schizophrenia patients having a noisy functional connectome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángeles Tepper
- Department of Psychiatry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute for Intelligent Healthcare Engineering, iHEALTH, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Juan Manuel Aguirre
- Department of Psychiatry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniella Barbagelata
- Department of Psychiatry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elisa Maldonado
- Department of Psychiatry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Ruben Nachar
- Psychiatric Institute "Dr. José Horwitz Barak", Santiago. Chile
| | - Alfonso González-Valderrama
- Psychiatric Institute "Dr. José Horwitz Barak", Santiago. Chile; School of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Undurraga
- Psychiatric Institute "Dr. José Horwitz Barak", Santiago. Chile; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Joaquín Goñi
- CONNplexity Lab. Purdue University. West Lafayette, Indiana USA
| | - Nicolás Crossley
- Department of Psychiatry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute for Intelligent Healthcare Engineering, iHEALTH, Santiago, Chile; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
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17
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Bastos G, Holmes JT, Ross JM, Rader AM, Gallimore CG, Peterka DS, Hamm JP. A frontosensory circuit for visual context processing is synchronous in the theta/alpha band. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.25.530044. [PMID: 36865311 PMCID: PMC9980180 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.25.530044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Visual processing is strongly influenced by context. Stimuli that deviate from contextual regularities elicit augmented responses in primary visual cortex (V1). These heightened responses, known as "deviance detection," require both inhibition local to V1 and top-down modulation from higher areas of cortex. Here we investigated the spatiotemporal mechanisms by which these circuit elements interact to support deviance detection. Local field potential recordings in mice in anterior cingulate area (ACa) and V1 during a visual oddball paradigm showed that interregional synchrony peaks in the theta/alpha band (6-12 Hz). Two-photon imaging in V1 revealed that mainly pyramidal neurons exhibited deviance detection, while vasointestinal peptide-positive interneurons (VIPs) increased activity and somatostatin-positive interneurons (SSTs) decreased activity (adapted) to redundant stimuli (prior to deviants). Optogenetic drive of ACa-V1 inputs at 6-12 Hz activated V1-VIPs but inhibited V1-SSTs, mirroring the dynamics present during the oddball paradigm. Chemogenetic inhibition of VIP interneurons disrupted ACa-V1 synchrony and deviance detection responses in V1. These results outline spatiotemporal and interneuron-specific mechanisms of top-down modulation that support visual context processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Bastos
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Petit Science Center, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA 30303
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Georgia State University, Petit Science Center, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - Jacob T Holmes
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Petit Science Center, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - Jordan M Ross
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Petit Science Center, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA 30303
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Petit Science Center, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - Anna M Rader
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Petit Science Center, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA 30303
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Georgia State University, Petit Science Center, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - Connor G Gallimore
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Petit Science Center, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - Darcy S Peterka
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jordan P Hamm
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Petit Science Center, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA 30303
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Georgia State University, Petit Science Center, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA 30303
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Petit Science Center, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA 30303
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18
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Koller WN, Cannon TD. Aberrant memory and delusional ideation: A pernicious partnership? Clin Psychol Rev 2023; 99:102231. [PMID: 36469975 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Delusions can be conceptualized as beliefs that are both at odds with consensus reality and espoused with high conviction. While delusions represent a cardinal symptom of schizophrenia, delusion-like beliefs can be found in the general population. Do similar cognitive mechanisms support delusionality across this spectrum? If so, what are they? Here, we examine evidence for a mechanistic role of the (associative) memory system in the formation and maintenance of delusions and delusion-like beliefs. While general neurocognitive metrics do not tend to associate with delusionality, our scoping review of the clinical and subclinical literature reveals several subdomains of memory function that do. These include a propensity to commit errors of commission (i.e., false alarms and intrusions), source memory biases, and metamemory impairment. We discuss how several of these effects may stem from aberrant associative memory function and offer recommendations for future research. Further, we propose a state/trait interaction model in which underlying traits (i.e., impaired associative and metamemory function) may become coupled with delusionality during states of acute psychosis, when memory function is particularly challenged by aberrant salience attribution and noisy perceptual input. According to this model, delusions may arise as explanations to high-salience (but low-source) mnemonic content that is endorsed with high confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- William N Koller
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520-8205, United States of America.
| | - Tyrone D Cannon
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520-8205, United States of America
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19
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Sheynikhovich D, Otani S, Bai J, Arleo A. Long-term memory, synaptic plasticity and dopamine in rodent medial prefrontal cortex: Role in executive functions. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 16:1068271. [PMID: 36710953 PMCID: PMC9875091 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1068271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mnemonic functions, supporting rodent behavior in complex tasks, include both long-term and (short-term) working memory components. While working memory is thought to rely on persistent activity states in an active neural network, long-term memory and synaptic plasticity contribute to the formation of the underlying synaptic structure, determining the range of possible states. Whereas, the implication of working memory in executive functions, mediated by the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in primates and rodents, has been extensively studied, the contribution of long-term memory component to these tasks received little attention. This review summarizes available experimental data and theoretical work concerning cellular mechanisms of synaptic plasticity in the medial region of rodent PFC and the link between plasticity, memory and behavior in PFC-dependent tasks. A special attention is devoted to unique properties of dopaminergic modulation of prefrontal synaptic plasticity and its contribution to executive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Sheynikhovich
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France,*Correspondence: Denis Sheynikhovich ✉
| | - Satoru Otani
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Jing Bai
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Paris, France
| | - Angelo Arleo
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
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20
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Giersch A, Laprévote V. Perceptual Functioning. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2023; 63:79-113. [PMID: 36306053 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Perceptual disorders are not part of the diagnosis criteria for schizophrenia. Yet, a considerable amount of work has been conducted, especially on visual perception abnormalities, and there is little doubt that visual perception is altered in patients. There are several reasons why such perturbations are of interest in this pathology. They are observed during the prodromal phase of psychosis, they are related to the pathophysiology (clinical disorganization, disorders of the sense of self), and they are associated with neuronal connectivity disorders. Perturbations occur at different levels of processing and likely affect how patients interact and adapt to their surroundings. The literature has become very large, and here we try to summarize different models that have guided the exploration of perception in patients. We also illustrate several lines of research by showing how perception has been investigated and by discussing the interpretation of the results. In addition to discussing domains such as contrast sensitivity, masking, and visual grouping, we develop more recent fields like processing at the level of the retina, and the timing of perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Giersch
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM U1114, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Vincent Laprévote
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM U1114, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- CLIP Centre de Liaison et d'Intervention Précoce, Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy, Laxou, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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21
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Matzel LD, Sauce B. A multi-faceted role of dual-state dopamine signaling in working memory, attentional control, and intelligence. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1060786. [PMID: 36873775 PMCID: PMC9978119 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1060786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic evidence strongly suggests that individual differences in intelligence will not be reducible to a single dominant cause. However, some of those variations/changes may be traced to tractable, cohesive mechanisms. One such mechanism may be the balance of dopamine D1 (D1R) and D2 (D2R) receptors, which regulate intrinsic currents and synaptic transmission in frontal cortical regions. Here, we review evidence from human, animal, and computational studies that suggest that this balance (in density, activity state, and/or availability) is critical to the implementation of executive functions such as attention and working memory, both of which are principal contributors to variations in intelligence. D1 receptors dominate neural responding during stable periods of short-term memory maintenance (requiring attentional focus), while D2 receptors play a more specific role during periods of instability such as changing environmental or memory states (requiring attentional disengagement). Here we bridge these observations with known properties of human intelligence. Starting from theories of intelligence that place executive functions (e.g., working memory and attentional control) at its center, we propose that dual-state dopamine signaling might be a causal contributor to at least some of the variation in intelligence across individuals and its change by experiences/training. Although it is unlikely that such a mechanism can account for more than a modest portion of the total variance in intelligence, our proposal is consistent with an array of available evidence and has a high degree of explanatory value. We suggest future directions and specific empirical tests that can further elucidate these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis D Matzel
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Bruno Sauce
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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22
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Spencer KM, Nakhnikian A, Hirano Y, Levin M. The contribution of gamma bursting to spontaneous gamma activity in schizophrenia. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1130897. [PMID: 37206313 PMCID: PMC10188978 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1130897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased spontaneous gamma (30-100 Hz) activity (SGA) has been reported in the auditory cortex in schizophrenia. This phenomenon has been correlated with psychotic symptoms such as auditory hallucinations and could reflect the dysfunction of NMDA receptors on parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory interneurons. Previous findings are from time-averaged spectra, so it is unknown whether increased spontaneous gamma occurs at a constant level, or rather in bursts. To better understand the dynamical nature of spontaneous gamma activity in schizophrenia, here we examined the contribution of gamma bursting and the slope of the EEG spectrum to this phenomenon. The main results from this data set were previously reported. Participants were 24 healthy control participants (HC) and 24 matched participants with schizophrenia (SZ). The data were from EEG recordings during auditory steady-state stimulation, which were localized to bilateral pairs of dipoles in auditory cortex. Time-frequency analysis was performed using Morlet wavelets. Oscillation bursts in the gamma range were defined as periods during which power exceeded 2 standard deviations above the trial-wide average value for at least one cycle. We extracted the burst parameters power, count, and area, as well as non-burst trial power and spectral slope. Gamma burst power and non-burst trial power were greater in SZ than HC, but burst count and area did not differ. Spectral slope was less negative in SZ than HC. Regression modeling found that gamma burst power alone best predicted SGA for both HC and SZ (> = 90% of variance), while spectral slope made a small contribution and non-burst trial power did not influence SGA. Increased SGA in the auditory cortex in schizophrenia is accounted for by increased power within gamma bursts, rather than a tonic increase in gamma-range activity, or a shift in spectral slope. Further research will be necessary to determine if these measures reflect different network mechanisms. We propose that increased gamma burst power is the main component of increased SGA in SZ and could reflect abnormally increased plasticity in cortical circuits due to enhanced plasticity of synapses on parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory interneurons. Thus, increased gamma burst power may be involved in producing psychotic symptoms and cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Spencer
- Research Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Kevin M. Spencer,
| | - Alexander Nakhnikian
- Research Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yoji Hirano
- Research Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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23
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Context-independent expression of spatial code in hippocampus. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20711. [PMID: 36456668 PMCID: PMC9715626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus plays a crucial role in the formation and retrieval of spatial memory across mammals and episodic memory in humans. Episodic and spatial memories can be retrieved irrespective of the subject's awake behavioral state and independently of its actual spatial context. However, the nature of hippocampal network activity during such out-context retrieval has not been described so far. Theoretically, context-independent spatial memory retrieval suggests a shift of the hippocampal spatial representations from coding the current spatial context to coding the remembered environment. In this study we show in rats that the CA3 neuronal population can switch spontaneously across representations and transiently activate another stored familiar spatial pattern without direct external sensory cuing. This phenomenon qualitatively differs from the well-described sharp wave-related pattern reactivations during immobility. Here, it occurs under the theta oscillatory state during active exploration and reflects the preceding experience of sudden environmental change. The respective out-context coding spikes appeared later in the theta cycle than the in-context ones. Finally, the experience also induced the emergence of population vectors with a co-expression of both codes segregated into different phases of the theta cycle.
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24
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Köksal Ersöz E, Chossat P, Krupa M, Lavigne F. Dynamic branching in a neural network model for probabilistic prediction of sequences. J Comput Neurosci 2022; 50:537-557. [PMID: 35948839 DOI: 10.1007/s10827-022-00830-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
An important function of the brain is to predict which stimulus is likely to occur based on the perceived cues. The present research studied the branching behavior of a computational network model of populations of excitatory and inhibitory neurons, both analytically and through simulations. Results show how synaptic efficacy, retroactive inhibition and short-term synaptic depression determine the dynamics of selection between different branches predicting sequences of stimuli of different probabilities. Further results show that changes in the probability of the different predictions depend on variations of neuronal gain. Such variations allow the network to optimize the probability of its predictions to changing probabilities of the sequences without changing synaptic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Köksal Ersöz
- Univ Rennes, INSERM, LTSI - UMR 1099, Campus Beaulieu, Rennes, F-35000, France. .,Project Team MathNeuro, INRIA-CNRS-UNS, 2004 route des Lucioles-BP 93, Sophia Antipolis, 06902, France.
| | - Pascal Chossat
- Project Team MathNeuro, INRIA-CNRS-UNS, 2004 route des Lucioles-BP 93, Sophia Antipolis, 06902, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, Laboratoire Jean-Alexandre Dieudonné, Campus Valrose, Nice, 06300, France
| | - Martin Krupa
- Project Team MathNeuro, INRIA-CNRS-UNS, 2004 route des Lucioles-BP 93, Sophia Antipolis, 06902, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, Laboratoire Jean-Alexandre Dieudonné, Campus Valrose, Nice, 06300, France
| | - Frédéric Lavigne
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS-BCL, Campus Saint Jean d'Angely, Nice, 06300, France
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25
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Brondi M, Bruzzone M, Lodovichi C, dal Maschio M. Optogenetic Methods to Investigate Brain Alterations in Preclinical Models. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111848. [PMID: 35681542 PMCID: PMC9180859 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigating the neuronal dynamics supporting brain functions and understanding how the alterations in these mechanisms result in pathological conditions represents a fundamental challenge. Preclinical research on model organisms allows for a multiscale and multiparametric analysis in vivo of the neuronal mechanisms and holds the potential for better linking the symptoms of a neurological disorder to the underlying cellular and circuit alterations, eventually leading to the identification of therapeutic/rescue strategies. In recent years, brain research in model organisms has taken advantage, along with other techniques, of the development and continuous refinement of methods that use light and optical approaches to reconstruct the activity of brain circuits at the cellular and system levels, and to probe the impact of the different neuronal components in the observed dynamics. These tools, combining low-invasiveness of optical approaches with the power of genetic engineering, are currently revolutionizing the way, the scale and the perspective of investigating brain diseases. The aim of this review is to describe how brain functions can be investigated with optical approaches currently available and to illustrate how these techniques have been adopted to study pathological alterations of brain physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Brondi
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council-CNR, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy; (M.B.); (C.L.)
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Bruzzone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy;
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Claudia Lodovichi
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council-CNR, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy; (M.B.); (C.L.)
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy;
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco dal Maschio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy;
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
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26
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The shallow cognitive map hypothesis: A hippocampal framework for thought disorder in schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 8:34. [PMID: 35853896 PMCID: PMC9261089 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00247-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Memories are not formed in isolation. They are associated and organized into relational knowledge structures that allow coherent thought. Failure to express such coherent thought is a key hallmark of Schizophrenia. Here we explore the hypothesis that thought disorder arises from disorganized Hippocampal cognitive maps. In doing so, we combine insights from two key lines of investigation, one concerning the neural signatures of cognitive mapping, and another that seeks to understand lower-level cellular mechanisms of cognition within a dynamical systems framework. Specifically, we propose that multiple distinct pathological pathways converge on the shallowing of Hippocampal attractors, giving rise to disorganized Hippocampal cognitive maps and driving conceptual disorganization. We discuss the available evidence at the computational, behavioural, network, and cellular levels. We also outline testable predictions from this framework, including how it could unify major chemical and psychological theories of schizophrenia and how it can provide a rationale for understanding the aetiology and treatment of the disease.
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27
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Wu G, Tang X, Gan R, Zeng J, Hu Y, Xu L, Wei Y, Tang Y, Chen T, Li C, Wang J, Zhang T. Temporal and time-frequency features of auditory oddball response in distinct subtypes of patients at clinical high risk for psychosis. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:449-459. [PMID: 34333669 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01316-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis exhibit a reduced P300 oddball response, which indicates deficits in attention and working memory processes. Previous studies have mainly researched these responses in the temporal domain; hence, non-phase-locked or induced neural activities may have been ignored. Event-related potential (ERP) and time-frequency (TF) information, combined with clinical and cognitive profiles, may provide an insight into the pathophysiology and psychopathology of the CHR stage. The 104 CHR individuals who completed cognitive assessments and ERP tests were recruited and followed up between 2016 and 2018. Individuals with CHR were classified by three clinical subtypes demonstrated before, specifically 32 from Cluster-1 (characterized by extensive negative symptoms and cognitive deficits, at the highest risk for conversion to psychosis), 34 from Cluster-2 (characterized by thought and behavioral disorganization, with moderate cognitive impairment), and 38 from Cluster-3 (characterized by the mildest symptoms and cognitive deficits). Electroencephalograms were recorded during the auditory oddball paradigm. The P300 ERPs were analyzed in the temporal domain. The event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) and inter-trial coherence (ITC) were acquired by TF analysis. A reduced P300 response to target tones was noted in Cluster-1 relative to the other two clusters. Moreover, the P300 amplitude of Cluster-1 was associated with speed of processing (SoP) scores. Furthermore, the P300 amplitude of Cluster-3 was significantly correlated with verbal and visual learning scores. In the TF analysis, decreased delta ERSP and ITC were observed in Cluster-1; delta ITC was associated with SoP scores in Cluster-3. The results indicate relatively disrupted oddball responses in a certain CHR subtype and a close affinity between these electrophysiological indexes and attention, working memory, and declarative memory within different CHR clusters. These findings suggest that the auditory oddball response is a potential neurophysiological marker for distinct clinical subtypes of CHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- GuiSen Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders (No.13dz2260500), Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 600 Wanping Nan Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - XiaoChen Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders (No.13dz2260500), Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 600 Wanping Nan Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - RanPiao Gan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders (No.13dz2260500), Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 600 Wanping Nan Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - JiaHui Zeng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders (No.13dz2260500), Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 600 Wanping Nan Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - YeGang Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders (No.13dz2260500), Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 600 Wanping Nan Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - LiHua Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders (No.13dz2260500), Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 600 Wanping Nan Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - YanYan Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders (No.13dz2260500), Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 600 Wanping Nan Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - YingYing Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders (No.13dz2260500), Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 600 Wanping Nan Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Chen
- Big Data Research Lab, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,Senior Research Fellow, Labor and Worklife Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Niacin (Shanghai) Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - ChunBo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders (No.13dz2260500), Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 600 Wanping Nan Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - JiJun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders (No.13dz2260500), Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 600 Wanping Nan Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China. .,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, 600 Wanping Nan Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China.
| | - TianHong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders (No.13dz2260500), Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 600 Wanping Nan Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Keshavan MS, Yassin W, Stone WS. Conceptualizing psychosis as an information processing disorder: Signal, bandwidth, noise, and bias. Schizophr Res 2022; 242:70-72. [PMID: 35177283 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matcheri S Keshavan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America; Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston, MA, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America.
| | - Walid Yassin
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America; Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston, MA, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States of America
| | - William S Stone
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America; Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston, MA, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
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29
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Senkowski D, Moran JK. Early evoked brain activity underlies auditory and audiovisual speech recognition deficits in schizophrenia. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 33:102909. [PMID: 34915330 PMCID: PMC8683777 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Reduced N1 amplitudes reflect speech processing deficits in schizophrenia (SZ). Crossmodal N1 amplitude suppression in audiovisual speech is preserved in SZ. N1 amplitudes correlate with speech recognition performance in controls but not in SZ.
Objectives People with Schizophrenia (SZ) show deficits in auditory and audiovisual speech recognition. It is possible that these deficits are related to aberrant early sensory processing, combined with an impaired ability to utilize visual cues to improve speech recognition. In this electroencephalography study we tested this by having SZ and healthy controls (HC) identify different unisensory auditory and bisensory audiovisual syllables at different auditory noise levels. Methods SZ (N = 24) and HC (N = 21) identified one of three different syllables (/da/, /ga/, /ta/) at three different noise levels (no, low, high). Half the trials were unisensory auditory and the other half provided additional visual input of moving lips. Task-evoked mediofrontal N1 and P2 brain potentials triggered to the onset of the auditory syllables were derived and related to behavioral performance. Results In comparison to HC, SZ showed speech recognition deficits for unisensory and bisensory stimuli. These deficits were primarily found in the no noise condition. Paralleling these observations, reduced N1 amplitudes to unisensory and bisensory stimuli in SZ were found in the no noise condition. In HC the N1 amplitudes were positively related to the speech recognition performance, whereas no such relationships were found in SZ. Moreover, no group differences in multisensory speech recognition benefits and N1 suppression effects for bisensory stimuli were observed. Conclusion Our study suggests that reduced N1 amplitudes reflect early auditory and audiovisual speech processing deficits in SZ. The findings that the amplitude effects were confined to salient speech stimuli and the attenuated relationship with behavioral performance in patients compared to HC, indicates a diminished decoding of the auditory speech signals in SZs. Our study also revealed relatively intact multisensory benefits in SZs, which implies that the observed auditory and audiovisual speech recognition deficits were primarily related to aberrant processing of the auditory syllables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Senkowski
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - James K Moran
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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30
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Rebscher L, Obermayer K, Metzner C. Synchronization Through Uncorrelated Noise in Excitatory-Inhibitory Networks. Front Comput Neurosci 2022; 16:825865. [PMID: 35185505 PMCID: PMC8855529 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2022.825865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma rhythms play a major role in many different processes in the brain, such as attention, working memory, and sensory processing. While typically considered detrimental, counterintuitively noise can sometimes have beneficial effects on communication and information transfer. Recently, Meng and Riecke showed that synchronization of interacting networks of inhibitory neurons in the gamma band (i.e., gamma generated through an ING mechanism) increases while synchronization within these networks decreases when neurons are subject to uncorrelated noise. However, experimental and modeling studies point towardz an important role of the pyramidal-interneuronal network gamma (PING) mechanism in the cortex. Therefore, we investigated the effect of uncorrelated noise on the communication between excitatory-inhibitory networks producing gamma oscillations via a PING mechanism. Our results suggest that, at least in a certain range of noise strengths and natural frequency differences between the regions, synaptic noise can have a supporting role in facilitating inter-regional communication, similar to the ING case for a slightly larger parameter range. Furthermore, the noise-induced synchronization between networks is generated via a different mechanism than when synchronization is mediated by strong synaptic coupling. Noise-induced synchronization is achieved by lowering synchronization within networks which allows the respective other network to impose its own gamma rhythm resulting in synchronization between networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Rebscher
- Neural Information Processing Group, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Obermayer
- Neural Information Processing Group, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Metzner
- Neural Information Processing Group, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Biocomputation Group, School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Christoph Metzner
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31
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Clementz BA, Parker DA, Trotti RL, McDowell JE, Keedy SK, Keshavan MS, Pearlson GD, Gershon ES, Ivleva EI, Huang LY, Hill SK, Sweeney JA, Thomas O, Hudgens-Haney M, Gibbons RD, Tamminga CA. Psychosis Biotypes: Replication and Validation from the B-SNIP Consortium. Schizophr Bull 2022; 48:56-68. [PMID: 34409449 PMCID: PMC8781330 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Current clinical phenomenological diagnosis in psychiatry neither captures biologically homologous disease entities nor allows for individualized treatment prescriptions based on neurobiology. In this report, we studied two large samples of cases with schizophrenia, schizoaffective, and bipolar I disorder with psychosis, presentations with clinical features of hallucinations, delusions, thought disorder, affective, or negative symptoms. A biomarker approach to subtyping psychosis cases (called psychosis Biotypes) captured neurobiological homology that was missed by conventional clinical diagnoses. Two samples (called "B-SNIP1" with 711 psychosis and 274 healthy persons, and the "replication sample" with 717 psychosis and 198 healthy persons) showed that 44 individual biomarkers, drawn from general cognition (BACS), motor inhibitory (stop signal), saccadic system (pro- and anti-saccades), and auditory EEG/ERP (paired-stimuli and oddball) tasks of psychosis-relevant brain functions were replicable (r's from .96-.99) and temporally stable (r's from .76-.95). Using numerical taxonomy (k-means clustering) with nine groups of integrated biomarker characteristics (called bio-factors) yielded three Biotypes that were virtually identical between the two samples and showed highly similar case assignments to subgroups based on cross-validations (88.5%-89%). Biotypes-1 and -2 shared poor cognition. Biotype-1 was further characterized by low neural response magnitudes, while Biotype-2 was further characterized by overactive neural responses and poor sensory motor inhibition. Biotype-3 was nearly normal on all bio-factors. Construct validation of Biotype EEG/ERP neurophysiology using measures of intrinsic neural activity and auditory steady state stimulation highlighted the robustness of these outcomes. Psychosis Biotypes may yield meaningful neurobiological targets for treatments and etiological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A Clementz
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, BioImaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - David A Parker
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, BioImaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Rebekah L Trotti
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, BioImaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jennifer E McDowell
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, BioImaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Sarah K Keedy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matcheri S Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Godfrey D Pearlson
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Institute of Living, Hartford Healthcare Corp, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Elliot S Gershon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elena I Ivleva
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ling-Yu Huang
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, BioImaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - S Kristian Hill
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John A Sweeney
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Olivia Thomas
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, BioImaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Robert D Gibbons
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carol A Tamminga
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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32
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Dopamine transporter silencing in the rat: systems-level alterations in striato-cerebellar and prefrontal-midbrain circuits. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2329-2339. [PMID: 35246636 PMCID: PMC9126810 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01471-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Silencing of dopamine transporter (DAT), a main controlling factor of dopaminergic signaling, results in biochemical and behavioral features characteristic for neuropsychiatric diseases with presumed hyperdopaminergia including schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Investigation of DAT silencing thus provides a transdiagnostic approach towards a systems-level understanding of common underlying pathways. Using a high-field multimodal imaging approach and a highly sensitive cryogenic coil, we integrated structural, functional and metabolic investigations in tandem with behavioral assessments on a newly developed preclinical rat model, comparing DAT homozygous knockout (DAT-KO, N = 14), heterozygous knockout (N = 8) and wild-type male rats (N = 14). We identified spatially distributed structural and functional brain alterations encompassing motor, limbic and associative loops that demonstrated strong behavioral relevance and were highly consistent across imaging modalities. DAT-KO rats manifested pronounced volume loss in the dorsal striatum, negatively correlating with cerebellar volume increase. These alterations were associated with hyperlocomotion, repetitive behavior and loss of efficient functional small-world organization. Further, prefrontal and midbrain regions manifested opposite changes in functional connectivity and local network topology. These prefrontal disturbances were corroborated by elevated myo-inositol levels and increased volume. To conclude, our imaging genetics approach provides multimodal evidence for prefrontal-midbrain decoupling and striato-cerebellar neuroplastic compensation as two key features of constitutive DAT blockade, proposing them as transdiagnostic mechanisms of hyperdopaminergia. Thus, our study connects developmental DAT blockade to systems-level brain changes, underlying impaired action inhibition control and resulting in motor hyperactivity and compulsive-like features relevant for ADHD, schizophrenia and OCD.
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33
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Fisher VL, Ortiz LS, Powers AR. A computational lens on menopause-associated psychosis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:906796. [PMID: 35990063 PMCID: PMC9381820 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.906796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychotic episodes are debilitating disease states that can cause extreme distress and impair functioning. There are sex differences that drive the onset of these episodes. One difference is that, in addition to a risk period in adolescence and early adulthood, women approaching the menopause transition experience a second period of risk for new-onset psychosis. One leading hypothesis explaining this menopause-associated psychosis (MAP) is that estrogen decline in menopause removes a protective factor against processes that contribute to psychotic symptoms. However, the neural mechanisms connecting estrogen decline to these symptoms are still not well understood. Using the tools of computational psychiatry, links have been proposed between symptom presentation and potential algorithmic and biological correlates. These models connect changes in signaling with symptom formation by evaluating changes in information processing that are not easily observable (latent states). In this manuscript, we contextualize the observed effects of estrogen (decline) on neural pathways implicated in psychosis. We then propose how estrogen could drive changes in latent states giving rise to cognitive and psychotic symptoms associated with psychosis. Using computational frameworks to inform research in MAP may provide a systematic method for identifying patient-specific pathways driving symptoms and simultaneously refine models describing the pathogenesis of psychosis across all age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Fisher
- Yale University School of Medicine and the Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Liara S Ortiz
- Yale University School of Medicine and the Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Albert R Powers
- Yale University School of Medicine and the Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, United States
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34
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Wolff A, Gomez-Pilar J, Zhang J, Choueiry J, de la Salle S, Knott V, Northoff G. It's in the Timing: Reduced Temporal Precision in Neural Activity of Schizophrenia. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:3441-3456. [PMID: 34875019 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of perception and cognition in schizophrenia (SCZ) show neuronal background noise (ongoing activity) to intermittently overwhelm the processing of external stimuli. This increased noise, relative to the activity evoked by the stimulus, results in temporal imprecision and higher variability of behavioral responses. What, however, are the neural correlates of temporal imprecision in SCZ behavior? We first report a decrease in electroencephalography signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in two SCZ datasets and tasks in the broadband (1-80 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), and alpha (8-13 Hz) bands. SCZ participants also show lower inter-trial phase coherence (ITPC)-consistency over trials in the phase of the signal-in theta. From these ITPC results, we varied phase offsets in a computational simulation, which illustrated phase-based temporal desynchronization. This modeling also provided a necessary link to our results and showed decreased neural synchrony in SCZ in both datasets and tasks when compared with healthy controls. Finally, we showed that reduced SNR and ITPC are related and showed a relationship to temporal precision on the behavioral level, namely reaction times. In conclusion, we demonstrate how temporal imprecision in SCZ neural activity-reduced relative signal strength and phase coherence-mediates temporal imprecision on the behavioral level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Wolff
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Javier Gomez-Pilar
- Biomedical Engineering Group, Higher Technical School of Telecommunications Engineering, University of Valladolid, Valladolid 47011, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.,College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Joelle Choueiry
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Sara de la Salle
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Verner Knott
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Georg Northoff
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Canada.,Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Canada
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35
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Stein H, Barbosa J, Compte A. Towards biologically constrained attractor models of schizophrenia. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2021; 70:171-181. [PMID: 34839146 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in neuromodulation or synaptic transmission in biophysical attractor network models, as proposed by the dominant dopaminergic and glutamatergic theories of schizophrenia, successfully mimic working memory (WM) deficits in people with schizophrenia (PSZ). Yet, multiple, often opposing alterations in memory circuits can lead to the same behavioral patterns in these network models. Here, we critically revise the computational and experimental literature that links NMDAR hypofunction to WM precision loss in PSZ. We show in network simulations that currently available experimental evidence cannot set apart competing biophysical accounts. Critical points to resolve are the effects of increases vs. decreases in E/I ratio (e.g. through NMDAR blockade) on firing rate tuning and shared noise modulations and possible concomitant deficits in short-term plasticity. We argue that these concerted experimental and computational efforts will lead to a better understanding of the neurobiology underlying cognitive deficits in PSZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Stein
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Computationnelles, Département d'Études Cognitives, École Normale Supérieure, INSERM U960, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Joao Barbosa
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Computationnelles, Département d'Études Cognitives, École Normale Supérieure, INSERM U960, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Albert Compte
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
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36
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Abstract
Sleep disturbances are commonly observed in schizophrenia, including in chronic, early-course, and first-episode patients. This has generated considerable interest, both in clinical and research endeavors, in characterizing the relationship between disturbed sleep and schizophrenia. Sleep features can be objectively assessed with EEG recordings. Traditionally, EEG studies have focused on sleep architecture, which includes non-REM and REM sleep stages. More recently, numerous studies have investigated alterations in sleep-specific rhythms, including EEG oscillations, such as sleep spindles and slow waves, in individuals with schizophrenia compared with control subjects. In this article, the author reviews state-of-the-art evidence of disturbed sleep in schizophrenia, starting from the relationship between sleep disturbances and clinical symptoms. First, the author presents studies demonstrating abnormalities in sleep architecture and sleep-oscillatory rhythms in schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, with an emphasis on recent work demonstrating sleep spindles and slow-wave deficits in early-course and first-episode schizophrenia. Next, the author shows how these sleep abnormalities relate to the cognitive impairments in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and point to dysfunctions in underlying thalamocortical circuits, Ca+ channel activity, and GABA-glutamate neurotransmission. Finally, the author discusses some of the next steps needed to further establish the role of altered sleep in schizophrenia, including the need to investigate sleep abnormalities across the psychotic spectrum and to establish their relationship with circadian disturbances, which in turn will contribute to the development of novel sleep-informed treatment interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ferrarelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, 15213
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37
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Central auditory processing deficits in schizophrenia: Effects of auditory-based cognitive training. Schizophr Res 2021; 236:135-141. [PMID: 34500174 PMCID: PMC9259506 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensory processing abnormalities are common in schizophrenia (SZ) and impact everyday functions, such as speech perception in noisy environments. Auditory-based targeted cognitive training (TCT) is a "bottom up" cognitive remediation intervention designed to enhance the speed and accuracy of low-level auditory information processing. However, the effects of TCT on behavioral measures of central auditory processing (CAP) and the role of CAP function on verbal learning outcomes in SZ are unknown. METHODS SZ (n = 42) and healthy subjects (CTL; n = 18) underwent comprehensive clinical, neurocognitive, and auditory assessments, including tests of hearing sensitivity and speech recognition (Words-in-Noise (WIN), Quick Speech-in-Noise (SIN)). SZ patients were randomized to receive either treatment-as-usual (TAU); or 30-h of TCT + TAU using a stratified, parallel design. SZ patients repeated assessments ~10-12 weeks later. RESULTS Patients exhibited deficits in both WIN (p < 0.05, d = 0.50) and SIN (p < 0.01, d = 0.63). A treatment × time interaction on WIN (p < 0.05, d = 0.74), but not SIN discriminability, was seen in the TCT group relative to TAU. Specific enhancements in the 4-dB over background range drove gains in WIN performance. Moreover, SZ patients with greater CAP deficits experienced robust gains in verbal learning after 30-h of TCT relative to SZ patients without CAP impairment (p < 0.01, d = 1.28). CONCLUSION Findings demonstrate that intensive auditory training enhances the fidelity of auditory processing and perception, such that specific CAP deficits were 'normalized' and were predictive of gains in verbal learning after TCT. It is conceivable that patients with deficiencies in CAP measures may benefit most from TCT and other interventions targeting auditory dysfunction in SZ.
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38
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Fritschi L, Lindmar JH, Scheidl F, Lenk K. Neuronal and Astrocytic Regulations in Schizophrenia: A Computational Modelling Study. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:718459. [PMID: 34512269 PMCID: PMC8428975 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.718459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the tripartite synapse model, astrocytes have a modulatory effect on neuronal signal transmission. More recently, astrocyte malfunction has been associated with psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia. Several hypotheses have been proposed on the pathological mechanisms of astrocytes in schizophrenia. For example, post-mortem examinations have revealed a reduced astrocytic density in patients with schizophrenia. Another hypothesis suggests that disease symptoms are linked to an abnormality of glutamate transmission, which is also regulated by astrocytes (glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia). Electrophysiological findings indicate a dispute over whether the disorder causes an increase or a decrease in neuronal and astrocytic activity. Moreover, there is no consensus as to which molecular pathways and network mechanisms are altered in schizophrenia. Computational models can aid the process in finding the underlying pathological malfunctions. The effect of astrocytes on the activity of neuron-astrocyte networks has been analysed with computational models. These can reproduce experimentally observed phenomena, such as astrocytic modulation of spike and burst signalling in neuron-astrocyte networks. Using an established computational neuron-astrocyte network model, we simulate experimental data of healthy and pathological networks by using different neuronal and astrocytic parameter configurations. In our simulations, the reduction of neuronal or astrocytic cell densities yields decreased glutamate levels and a statistically significant reduction in the network activity. Amplifications of the astrocytic ATP release toward postsynaptic terminals also reduced the network activity and resulted in temporarily increased glutamate levels. In contrast, reducing either the glutamate release or re-uptake in astrocytes resulted in higher network activities. Similarly, an increase in synaptic weights of excitatory or inhibitory neurons raises the excitability of individual cells and elevates the activation level of the network. To conclude, our simulations suggest that the impairment of both neurons and astrocytes disturbs the neuronal network activity in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Fritschi
- Department of Mathematics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Florian Scheidl
- Department of Computer Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Lenk
- Computational Biophysics and Imaging Group (CBIG), Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, BioMediTech, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Institute of Neural Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
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39
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Eggert E, Bluschke A, Takacs A, Kleimaker M, Münchau A, Roessner V, Mückschel M, Beste C. Perception-Action Integration Is Modulated by the Catecholaminergic System Depending on Learning Experience. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 24:592-600. [PMID: 33730752 PMCID: PMC8299823 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyab012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The process underlying the integration of perception and action is a focal topic in neuroscientific research and cognitive frameworks such as the theory of event coding have been developed to explain the mechanisms of perception-action integration. The neurobiological underpinnings are poorly understood. While it has been suggested that the catecholaminergic system may play a role, there are opposing predictions regarding the effects of catecholamines on perception-action integration. METHODS Methylphenidate (MPH) is a compound commonly used to modulate the catecholaminergic system. In a double-blind, randomized crossover study design, we examined the effect of MPH (0.25 mg/kg) on perception-action integration using an established "event file coding" paradigm in a group of n = 45 healthy young adults. RESULTS The data reveal that, compared with the placebo, MPH attenuates binding effects based on the established associations between stimuli and responses, provided participants are already familiar with the task. However, without prior task experience, MPH did not modulate performance compared with the placebo. CONCLUSIONS Catecholamines and learning experience interactively modulate perception-action integration, especially when perception-action associations have to be reconfigured. The data suggest there is a gain control-based mechanism underlying the interactive effects of learning/task experience and catecholaminergic activity during perception-action integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Eggert
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Annet Bluschke
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Adam Takacs
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Veit Roessner
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Moritz Mückschel
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
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40
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Fan YS, Li H, Guo J, Pang Y, Li L, Hu M, Li M, Wang C, Sheng W, Liu H, Gao Q, Chen X, Zong X, Chen H. Tracking positive and negative symptom improvement in first-episode schizophrenia treated with risperidone using individual-level functional connectivity. Brain Connect 2021; 12:454-464. [PMID: 34210149 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2021.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To improve the treatment outcomes of patients with schizophrenia, research efforts have focused on identifying brain-based markers of treatment response. Personal characteristics regarding disease-related behaviors likely stem from inter-individual variability in the organization of brain functional systems. This study aimed to track dimension-specific changes in psychotic symptoms following risperidone treatment using individual-level functional connectivity (FC). METHODS A reliable cortical parcellation approach that accounts for individual heterogeneity in cortical functional anatomy was used to localize functional regions in a longitudinal cohort, consisting of 42 drug-naive first-episodes schizophrenia (FES) patients at baseline and after 8 weeks of risperidone treatment. FC was calculated in individually specified brain regions and used to predict the baseline severity and improvement of positive and negative symptoms in FES. RESULTS Distinct sets of individual-specific FC were separately associated with the positive and negative symptom burden at baseline, which could be used to track the corresponding symptom resolution in FES patients following risperidone treatment. Between-network connections of the fronto-parietal network (FPN) contributed the most to predicting the positive symptom domain. A combination of between-network connections of the default mode network, FPN, and within-network connections of the FPN contributed markedly to the prediction model of negative symptom. CONCLUSION This novel study, which accounts for individual brain variation, take a step toward establishing individual-specific theranostic biomarkers in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Shuang Fan
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 12599, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;
| | - Haoru Li
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 12599, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;
| | - Jing Guo
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 12599, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;
| | - Yajing Pang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China;
| | - Liang Li
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 12599, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;
| | - Maolin Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China, Changsha, China;
| | - Meiling Li
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, China, School of Life Science & Technology,, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA, Charlestown, United States;
| | - Chong Wang
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 12599, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, Chengdu, China.,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 12599, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China;
| | - Wei Sheng
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, PR China, chengdu, China;
| | - Hesheng Liu
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA, Charlestown, MA, United States;
| | - Qing Gao
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 12599, No.2006, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu, China, 610054;
| | - Xiaogang Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China, Changsha, China;
| | - Xiaofen Zong
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China, Changsha, China;
| | - Huafu Chen
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan,Chengdu 610054, China, chengdu, China, 610054;
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41
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Rolls ET, Cheng W, Gilson M, Gong W, Deco G, Lo CYZ, Yang AC, Tsai SJ, Liu ME, Lin CP, Feng J. Beyond the disconnectivity hypothesis of schizophrenia. Cereb Cortex 2021; 30:1213-1233. [PMID: 31381086 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To go beyond the disconnectivity hypothesis of schizophrenia, directed (effective) connectivity was measured between 94 brain regions, to provide evidence on the source of the changes in schizophrenia and a mechanistic model. Effective connectivity (EC) was measured in 180 participants with schizophrenia and 208 controls. For the significantly different effective connectivities in schizophrenia, on average the forward (stronger) effective connectivities were smaller, whereas the backward connectivities tended to be larger. Further, higher EC in schizophrenia was found from the precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) to areas such as the parahippocampal, hippocampal, temporal, fusiform, and occipital cortices. These are backward effective connectivities and were positively correlated with the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Lower effective connectivities were found from temporal and other regions and were negatively correlated with the symptoms, especially the negative and general symptoms. Further, a signal variance parameter was increased for areas that included the parahippocampal gyrus and hippocampus, consistent with the hypothesis that hippocampal overactivity is involved in schizophrenia. This investigation goes beyond the disconnectivity hypothesis by drawing attention to differences in schizophrenia between backprojections and forward connections, with the backward connections from the precuneus and PCC implicated in memory stronger in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund T Rolls
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China.,Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.,Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford OX1 4BH, UK
| | - Wei Cheng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 200433, China
| | - Matthieu Gilson
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Roc Boronat 138, Barcelona E-08018, Spain and Brain and Cognition, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Weikang Gong
- Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 4BH, UK
| | - Gustavo Deco
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Roc Boronat 138, Barcelona E-08018, Spain and Brain and Cognition, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de la Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Chun-Yi Zac Lo
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Albert C Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11267, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11267, Taiwan
| | - Mu-En Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11267, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Po Lin
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China.,Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China.,Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.,School of Mathematical Sciences, School of Life Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, 200433, China
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Oliver W, Parker D, Hetrick W, Clementz BA. Is a paired-stimuli configuration necessary to obtain typical evoked response differences in studies of psychosis? An MEG study. Biomark Neuropsychiatry 2021; 4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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43
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Northoff G, Gomez-Pilar J. Overcoming Rest-Task Divide-Abnormal Temporospatial Dynamics and Its Cognition in Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2021; 47:751-765. [PMID: 33305324 PMCID: PMC8661394 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder exhibiting alterations in spontaneous and task-related cerebral activity whose relation (termed "state dependence") remains unclear. For unraveling their relationship, we review recent electroencephalographic (and a few functional magnetic resonance imaging) studies in schizophrenia that assess and compare both rest/prestimulus and task states, ie, rest/prestimulus-task modulation. Results report reduced neural differentiation of task-related activity from rest/prestimulus activity across different regions, neural measures, cognitive domains, and imaging modalities. Together, the findings show reduced rest/prestimulus-task modulation, which is mediated by abnormal temporospatial dynamics of the spontaneous activity. Abnormal temporospatial dynamics, in turn, may lead to abnormal prediction, ie, predictive coding, which mediates cognitive changes and psychopathological symptoms, including confusion of internally and externally oriented cognition. In conclusion, reduced rest/prestimulus-task modulation in schizophrenia provides novel insight into the neuronal mechanisms that connect task-related changes to cognitive abnormalities and psychopathological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Northoff
- Mental Health Center/7th Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics, Institute of Mental Health Research, Royal Ottawa Healthcare Group, University of Ottawa, Ottawa ON, Canada
| | - Javier Gomez-Pilar
- Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Valladolid, Spain
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44
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Gandolfi D, Boiani GM, Bigiani A, Mapelli J. Modeling Neurotransmission: Computational Tools to Investigate Neurological Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4565. [PMID: 33925434 PMCID: PMC8123833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The investigation of synaptic functions remains one of the most fascinating challenges in the field of neuroscience and a large number of experimental methods have been tuned to dissect the mechanisms taking part in the neurotransmission process. Furthermore, the understanding of the insights of neurological disorders originating from alterations in neurotransmission often requires the development of (i) animal models of pathologies, (ii) invasive tools and (iii) targeted pharmacological approaches. In the last decades, additional tools to explore neurological diseases have been provided to the scientific community. A wide range of computational models in fact have been developed to explore the alterations of the mechanisms involved in neurotransmission following the emergence of neurological pathologies. Here, we review some of the advancements in the development of computational methods employed to investigate neuronal circuits with a particular focus on the application to the most diffuse neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gandolfi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy; (D.G.); (G.M.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Giulia Maria Boiani
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy; (D.G.); (G.M.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Albertino Bigiani
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy; (D.G.); (G.M.B.); (A.B.)
- Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Jonathan Mapelli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy; (D.G.); (G.M.B.); (A.B.)
- Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
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45
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Rolls ET. Attractor cortical neurodynamics, schizophrenia, and depression. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:215. [PMID: 33846293 PMCID: PMC8041760 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01333-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The local recurrent collateral connections between cortical neurons provide a basis for attractor neural networks for memory, attention, decision-making, and thereby for many aspects of human behavior. In schizophrenia, a reduction of the firing rates of cortical neurons, caused for example by reduced NMDA receptor function or reduced spines on neurons, can lead to instability of the high firing rate attractor states that normally implement short-term memory and attention in the prefrontal cortex, contributing to the cognitive symptoms. Reduced NMDA receptor function in the orbitofrontal cortex by reducing firing rates may produce negative symptoms, by reducing reward, motivation, and emotion. Reduced functional connectivity between some brain regions increases the temporal variability of the functional connectivity, contributing to the reduced stability and more loosely associative thoughts. Further, the forward projections have decreased functional connectivity relative to the back projections in schizophrenia, and this may reduce the effects of external bottom-up inputs from the world relative to internal top-down thought processes. Reduced cortical inhibition, caused by a reduction of GABA neurotransmission, can lead to instability of the spontaneous firing states of cortical networks, leading to a noise-induced jump to a high firing rate attractor state even in the absence of external inputs, contributing to the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. In depression, the lateral orbitofrontal cortex non-reward attractor network system is over-connected and has increased sensitivity to non-reward, providing a new approach to understanding depression. This is complemented by under-sensitivity and under-connectedness of the medial orbitofrontal cortex reward system in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund T Rolls
- Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
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46
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Abstract
Neural processing of sensory information is strongly influenced by context. For instance, cortical responses are reduced to predictable stimuli, while responses are increased to novel stimuli that deviate from contextual regularities. Such bidirectional modulation based on preceding sensory context is likely a critical component or manifestation of attention, learning, and behavior, yet how it arises in cortical circuits remains unclear. Using volumetric two-photon calcium imaging and local field potentials in primary visual cortex (V1) from awake mice presented with visual "oddball" paradigms, we identify both reductions and augmentations of stimulus-evoked responses depending, on whether the stimulus was redundant or deviant, respectively. Interestingly, deviance-augmented responses were limited to a specific subset of neurons mostly in supragranular layers. These deviance-detecting cells were spatially intermixed with other visually responsive neurons and were functionally correlated, forming a neuronal ensemble. Optogenetic suppression of prefrontal inputs to V1 reduced the contextual selectivity of deviance-detecting ensembles, demonstrating a causal role for top-down inputs. The presence of specialized context-selective ensembles in primary sensory cortex, modulated by higher cortical areas, provides a circuit substrate for the brain's construction and selection of prediction errors, computations which are key for survival and deficient in many psychiatric disorders.
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47
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Basova L, Lindsey A, McGovern AM, Ellis RJ, Marcondes MCG. Detection of H3K4me3 Identifies NeuroHIV Signatures, Genomic Effects of Methamphetamine and Addiction Pathways in Postmortem HIV+ Brain Specimens that Are Not Amenable to Transcriptome Analysis. Viruses 2021; 13:544. [PMID: 33805201 PMCID: PMC8064323 DOI: 10.3390/v13040544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human postmortem specimens are extremely valuable resources for investigating translational hypotheses. Tissue repositories collect clinically assessed specimens from people with and without HIV, including age, viral load, treatments, substance use patterns and cognitive functions. One challenge is the limited number of specimens suitable for transcriptional studies, mainly due to poor RNA quality resulting from long postmortem intervals. We hypothesized that epigenomic signatures would be more stable than RNA for assessing global changes associated with outcomes of interest. We found that H3K27Ac or RNA Polymerase (Pol) were not consistently detected by Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP), while the enhancer H3K4me3 histone modification was abundant and stable up to the 72 h postmortem. We tested our ability to use HeK4me3 in human prefrontal cortex from HIV+ individuals meeting criteria for methamphetamine use disorder or not (Meth +/-) which exhibited poor RNA quality and were not suitable for transcriptional profiling. Systems strategies that are typically used in transcriptional metadata were applied to H3K4me3 peaks revealing consistent genomic activity differences in regions where addiction and neuronal synapses pathway genes are represented, including genes of the dopaminergic system, as well as inflammatory pathways. The resulting comparisons mirrored previously observed effects of Meth on suppressing gene expression and provided insights on neurological processes affected by Meth. The results suggested that H3K4me3 detection in chromatin may reflect transcriptional patterns, thus providing opportunities for analysis of larger numbers of specimens from cases with substance use and neurological deficits. In conclusion, the detection of H3K4me3 in isolated chromatin can be an alternative to transcriptome strategies to increase the power of association using specimens with long postmortem intervals and low RNA quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Basova
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; (L.B.); (A.L.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Alexander Lindsey
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; (L.B.); (A.L.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Anne Marie McGovern
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; (L.B.); (A.L.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Ronald J. Ellis
- Departments of Neurosciences and Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA;
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48
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Emulating Cued Recall of Abstract Concepts via Regulated Activation Networks. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11052134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract concepts play a vital role in decision-making or recall operations because the associations among them are essential for contextual processing. Abstract concepts are complex and difficult to represent (conceptually, formally, or computationally), leading to difficulties in their comprehension and recall. This contribution reports the computational simulation of the cued recall of abstract concepts by exploiting their learned associations. The cued recall operation is realized via a novel geometric back-propagation algorithm that emulates the recall of abstract concepts learned through regulated activation network (RAN) modeling. During recall operation, another algorithm uniquely regulates the activation of concepts (nodes) by injecting excitatory, neutral, and inhibitory signals to other concepts of the same level. A Toy-data problem is considered to illustrate the RAN modeling and recall procedure. The results display how regulation enables contextual awareness among abstract nodes during the recall process. The MNIST dataset is used to show how recall operations retrieve intuitive and non-intuitive blends of abstract nodes. We show that every recall process converges to an optimal image. With more cues, better images are recalled, and every intermediate image obtained during the recall iterations corresponds to the varying cognitive states of the recognition procedure.
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49
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Rolls ET, Cheng W, Feng J. Brain dynamics: the temporal variability of connectivity, and differences in schizophrenia and ADHD. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:70. [PMID: 33479201 PMCID: PMC7820440 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01197-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe advances in the understanding of brain dynamics that are important for understanding the operation of the cerebral cortex in health and disease. In data from 1017 participants from the Human Connectome Project, we show that early visual and connected areas have low temporal variability of their functional connectivity. We show that a low temporal variability of the connectivity of cortical areas is related to high mean functional connectivity between those areas, and provide an account of how these dynamics arise. We then investigate how these concepts help to understand brain dynamics in mental disorders. We find that in both first episode and long-term schizophrenia, reduced functional connectivity of early visual and related temporal cortex areas is associated with increased temporal variability of the functional connectivity, consistent with decreased stability of attractor networks related to sensory processing. In ADHD, we find these functional connectivities are increased and their temporal variability is decreased, and relate this to increased engagement with visual sensory input as manifest in high screen time usage in ADHD. We further show that these differences in the dynamics of the cortex in schizophrenia, and ADHD can be related to differences in the functional connectivity of the specific sensory vs. association thalamic nuclei. These discoveries help to advance our understanding of cortical operation in health, and in some mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund T Rolls
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, PR China.
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
- Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, UK.
| | - Wei Cheng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, PR China.
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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50
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Sugimura K, Iwasa Y, Kobayashi R, Honda T, Hashimoto J, Kashihara S, Zhu J, Yamamoto K, Kawahara T, Anno M, Nakagawa R, Hatano K, Nakao T. Association between long-range temporal correlations in intrinsic EEG activity and subjective sense of identity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:422. [PMID: 33431948 PMCID: PMC7801398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The long-range temporal correlation (LRTC) in resting-state intrinsic brain activity is known to be associated with temporal behavioral patterns, including decision making based on internal criteria such as self-knowledge. However, the association between the neuronal LRTC and the subjective sense of identity remains to be explored; in other words, whether our subjective sense of consistent self across time relates to the temporal consistency of neural activity. The present study examined the relationship between the LRTC of resting-state scalp electroencephalography (EEG) and a subjective sense of identity measured by the Erikson Psychosocial Stage Inventory (EPSI). Consistent with our prediction based on previous studies of neuronal-behavioral relationships, the frontocentral alpha LRTC correlated negatively with identity confusion. Moreover, from the descriptive analyses, centroparietal beta LRTC showed negative correlations with identity confusion, and frontal theta LRTC showed positive relationships with identity synthesis. These results suggest that more temporal consistency (reversely, less random noise) in intrinsic brain activity is associated with less confused and better-synthesized identity. Our data provide further evidence that the LRTC of intrinsic brain activity might serve as a noise suppression mechanism at the psychological level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumi Sugimura
- grid.257022.00000 0000 8711 3200Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8524 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Iwasa
- grid.257022.00000 0000 8711 3200Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ryota Kobayashi
- grid.257022.00000 0000 8711 3200Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tatsuru Honda
- grid.257022.00000 0000 8711 3200Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Junya Hashimoto
- grid.257022.00000 0000 8711 3200Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shiho Kashihara
- grid.257022.00000 0000 8711 3200Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Jianhong Zhu
- grid.257022.00000 0000 8711 3200Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8524 Japan
| | - Kazuki Yamamoto
- grid.257022.00000 0000 8711 3200Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawahara
- grid.257022.00000 0000 8711 3200Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mayo Anno
- grid.257022.00000 0000 8711 3200Faculty of Education, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Risa Nakagawa
- grid.257022.00000 0000 8711 3200Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kai Hatano
- grid.261455.10000 0001 0676 0594Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakao
- grid.257022.00000 0000 8711 3200Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8524 Japan
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