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Mukty SA, Hasan R, Bhuia MS, Saha AK, Rahman US, Khatun MM, Bithi SA, Ansari SA, Ansari IA, Islam MT. Assessment of sedative activity of fraxin: In vivo approach along with receptor binding affinity and molecular interaction with GABAergic system. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22250. [PMID: 39154218 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Insomnia is a sleep disorder in which you have trouble falling and/or staying asleep. This research aims to evaluate the sedative effects of fraxin (FX) on sleeping mice induced by thiopental sodium (TS). In addition, a molecular docking study was conducted to investigate the molecular processes underlying these effects. The study used adult male Swiss albino mice and administered FX (10 and 20 mg/kg, i.p.) and diazepam (DZP) (2 mg/kg) either separately or in combination within the different groups to examine their modulatory effects. After a period of 30 min, the mice that had been treated were administered (TS: 20 mg/kg, i.p.) to induce sleep. The onset of sleep for the mice and the length of their sleep were manually recorded. Additionally, a computational analysis was conducted to predict the role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in the sleep process and evaluate their pharmacokinetics and toxicity. The outcomes indicated that FX extended the length of sleep and reduced the time it took to fall asleep. When the combined treatment of FX and DZP showed synergistic sedative action. Also, FX had a binding affinity of -7.2 kcal/mol, while DZP showed -8.4 kcal/mol. The pharmacokinetic investigation of FX demonstrated favorable drug-likeness and strong pharmacokinetic characteristics. Ultimately, FX demonstrated a strong sedative impact in the mouse model, likely via interacting with the GABAA receptor pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonaly Akter Mukty
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
- Bioinformatics and Drug Innovation Laboratory, BioLuster Research Center Ltd., Gopalganj, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rubel Hasan
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
- Bioinformatics and Drug Innovation Laboratory, BioLuster Research Center Ltd., Gopalganj, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shimul Bhuia
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
- Bioinformatics and Drug Innovation Laboratory, BioLuster Research Center Ltd., Gopalganj, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Anik Kumar Saha
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | - Umme Sadea Rahman
- Bioinformatics and Drug Innovation Laboratory, BioLuster Research Center Ltd., Gopalganj, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mst Muslima Khatun
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | - Sumaya Akter Bithi
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | - Siddique Akber Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfan Aamer Ansari
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
- Bioinformatics and Drug Innovation Laboratory, BioLuster Research Center Ltd., Gopalganj, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pharmacy Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
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Mei F, Zhao C, Li S, Xue Z, Zhao Y, Xu Y, Ye R, You H, Yu P, Han X, Carr GV, Weinberger DR, Yang F, Lu B. Ngfr + cholinergic projection from SI/nBM to mPFC selectively regulates temporal order recognition memory. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7342. [PMID: 39187496 PMCID: PMC11347598 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51707-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholine regulates various cognitive functions through broad cholinergic innervation. However, specific cholinergic subpopulations, circuits and molecular mechanisms underlying recognition memory remain largely unknown. Here we show that Ngfr+ cholinergic neurons in the substantia innominate (SI)/nucleus basalis of Meynert (nBM)-medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) circuit selectively underlies recency judgements. Loss of nerve growth factor receptor (Ngfr-/- mice) reduced the excitability of cholinergic neurons in the SI/nBM-mPFC circuit but not in the medial septum (MS)-hippocampus pathway, and impaired temporal order memory but not novel object and object location recognition. Expression of Ngfr in Ngfr-/- SI/nBM restored defected temporal order memory. Fiber photometry revealed that acetylcholine release in mPFC not only predicted object encounters but also mediated recency judgments of objects, and such acetylcholine release was absent in Ngfr-/- mPFC. Chemogenetic and optogenetic inhibition of SI/nBM projection to mPFC in ChAT-Cre mice diminished mPFC acetylcholine release and deteriorated temporal order recognition. Impaired cholinergic activity led to a depolarizing shift of GABAergic inputs to mPFC pyramidal neurons, due to disturbed KCC2-mediated chloride gradients. Finally, potentiation of acetylcholine signaling upregulated KCC2 levels, restored GABAergic driving force and rescued temporal order recognition deficits in Ngfr-/- mice. Thus, NGFR-dependent SI/nBM-mPFC cholinergic circuit underlies temporal order recognition memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Mei
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shangjin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zeping Xue
- Basic and Translational Medicine Center, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Behavioral Disorders, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yueyang Zhao
- Basic and Translational Medicine Center, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yihua Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongrong Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - He You
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Gregory V Carr
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel R Weinberger
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Feng Yang
- Basic and Translational Medicine Center, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Behavioral Disorders, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Bai Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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3
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Morse J, Nadiveedhi MR, Schmidt M, Tang FK, Hladun C, Ganesh P, Qiu Z, Leung K. Tunable Cytosolic Chloride Indicators for Real-Time Chloride Imaging in Live Cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.08.606814. [PMID: 39149292 PMCID: PMC11326291 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.08.606814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Chloride plays a crucial role in various cellular functions, and its level is regulated by a variety of chloride transporters and channels. However, to date, we still lack the capability to image instantaneous ion flux through chloride channels at single-cell level. Here, we developed a series of cell-permeable, pH-independent, chloride-sensitive fluorophores for real-time cytosolic chloride imaging, which we call CytoCl dyes. We demonstrated the ability of CytoCl dyes to monitor cytosolic chloride and used it to uncover the rapid changes and transient events of halide flux, which cannot be captured by steady-state imaging. Finally, we successfully imaged the proton-activated chloride channel-mediated ion flux at single-cell level, which is, to our knowledge, the first real-time imaging of ion flux through a chloride channel in unmodified cells. By enabling the imaging of single-cell level ion influx through chloride channels and transporters, CytoCl dyes can expand our understanding of ion flux dynamics, which is critical for characterization and modulator screening of these membrane proteins. A conjugable version of CytoCl dyes was also developed for its customization across different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Morse
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Clarkson University, NY 13676, United States
| | | | - Matthias Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Clarkson University, NY 13676, United States
| | - Fung-Kit Tang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Clarkson University, NY 13676, United States
| | - Colby Hladun
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Clarkson University, NY 13676, United States
| | - Prasanna Ganesh
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Clarkson University, NY 13676, United States
| | - Zhaozhu Qiu
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD 21205, United States
| | - Kaho Leung
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Clarkson University, NY 13676, United States
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Kimourtzis G, Rangwani N, Jenkins BJ, Jani S, McNaughton PA, Raouf R. Prostaglandin E2 depolarises sensory axons in vitro in an ANO1 and Nav1.8 dependent manner. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17360. [PMID: 39075089 PMCID: PMC11286870 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67793-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a major contributor to inflammatory pain hyperalgesia, however, the extent to which it modulates the activity of nociceptive axons is incompletely understood. We developed and characterized a microfluidic cell culture model to investigate sensitisation of the axons of dorsal root ganglia neurons. We show that application of PGE2 to fluidically isolated axons leads to sensitisation of their responses to depolarising stimuli. Interestingly the application of PGE2 to the DRG axons elicited a direct and persistent spiking activity propagated to the soma. Both the persistent activity and the membrane depolarisation in the axons are abolished by the EP4 receptor inhibitor and a blocker of cAMP synthesis. Further investigated into the mechanisms of the spiking activity showed that the PGE2 evoked depolarisation was inhibited by Nav1.8 sodium channel blockers but was refractory to the application of TTX or zatebradine. Interestingly, the depolarisation of axons was blocked by blocking ANO1 channels with T16Ainh-A01. We further show that PGE2-elicited axonal responses are altered by the changes in chloride gradient within the axons following treatment with bumetanide a Na-K-2Cl cotransporter NKCC1 inhibitor, but not by VU01240551 an inhibitor of potassium-chloride transporter KCC2. Our data demonstrate a novel role for PGE2/EP4/cAMP pathway which culminates in a sustained depolarisation of sensory axons mediated by a chloride current through ANO1 channels. Therefore, using a microfluidic culture model, we provide evidence for a potential dual function of PGE2 in inflammatory pain: it sensitises depolarisation-evoked responses in nociceptive axons and directly triggers action potentials by activating ANO1 and Nav1.8 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Kimourtzis
- Wolfson Sensory, Pain and Regeneration Centre (SPaRC), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Natasha Rangwani
- Wolfson Sensory, Pain and Regeneration Centre (SPaRC), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Bethan J Jenkins
- Wolfson Sensory, Pain and Regeneration Centre (SPaRC), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Siddharth Jani
- Wolfson Sensory, Pain and Regeneration Centre (SPaRC), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Peter A McNaughton
- Wolfson Sensory, Pain and Regeneration Centre (SPaRC), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Ramin Raouf
- Wolfson Sensory, Pain and Regeneration Centre (SPaRC), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
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Klein P, Kaminski RM, Koepp M, Löscher W. New epilepsy therapies in development. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2024:10.1038/s41573-024-00981-w. [PMID: 39039153 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-024-00981-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common brain disorder, characterized by spontaneous recurrent seizures, with associated neuropsychiatric and cognitive comorbidities and increased mortality. Although people at risk can often be identified, interventions to prevent the development of the disorder are not available. Moreover, in at least 30% of patients, epilepsy cannot be controlled by current antiseizure medications (ASMs). As a result of considerable progress in epilepsy genetics and the development of novel disease models, drug screening technologies and innovative therapeutic modalities over the past 10 years, more than 200 novel epilepsy therapies are currently in the preclinical or clinical pipeline, including many treatments that act by new mechanisms. Assisted by diagnostic and predictive biomarkers, the treatment of epilepsy is undergoing paradigm shifts from symptom-only ASMs to disease prevention, and from broad trial-and-error treatments for seizures in general to mechanism-based treatments for specific epilepsy syndromes. In this Review, we assess recent progress in ASM development and outline future directions for the development of new therapies for the treatment and prevention of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Klein
- Mid-Atlantic Epilepsy and Sleep Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | | | - Matthias Koepp
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Wolfgang Löscher
- Translational Neuropharmacology Lab., NIFE, Department of Experimental Otology of the ENT Clinics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany.
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6
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Martínez-Magaña CJ, Muñoz-Castillo PA, Murbartián J. Spinal bestrophin-1 and anoctamin-1 channels have a pronociceptive role in the tactile allodynia induced by REM sleep deprivation in rats. Brain Res 2024; 1834:148915. [PMID: 38582414 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Bestrophin-1 and anoctamin-1 are members of the calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCCs) family and are involved in inflammatory and neuropathic pain. However, their role in pain hypersensitivity induced by REM sleep deprivation (REMSD) has not been studied. This study aimed to determine if anoctamin-1 and bestrophin-1 are involved in the pain hypersensitivity induced by REMSD. We used the multiple-platform method to induce REMSD. REM sleep deprivation for 48 h induced tactile allodynia and a transient increase in corticosterone concentration at the beginning of the protocol (12 h) in female and male rats. REMSD enhanced c-Fos and α2δ-1 protein expression but did not change activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and KCC2 expression in dorsal root ganglia and dorsal spinal cord. Intrathecal injection of CaCCinh-A01, a non-selective bestrophin-1 blocker, and T16Ainh-A01, a specific anoctamin-1 blocker, reverted REMSD-induced tactile allodynia. However, T16Ainh-A01 had a higher antiallodynic effect in male than female rats. In addition, REMSD increased bestrophin-1 protein expression in DRG but not in DSC in male and female rats. In marked contrast, REMSD decreased anoctamin-1 protein expression in DSC but not in DRG, only in female rats. Bestrophin-1 and anoctamin-1 promote pain and maintain tactile allodynia induced by REM sleep deprivation in both male and female rats, but their expression patterns differ between the sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Janet Murbartián
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, Sede sur, Mexico City, Mexico.
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7
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Ahmad M, Kim J, Dwyer B, Sokoloff G, Blumberg MS. Coincident development and synchronization of sleep-dependent delta in the cortex and medulla. Curr Biol 2024; 34:2570-2579.e5. [PMID: 38772363 PMCID: PMC11187663 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
In early development, active sleep is the predominant sleep state before it is supplanted by quiet sleep. In rats, the developmental increase in quiet sleep is accompanied by the sudden emergence of the cortical delta rhythm (0.5-4 Hz) around postnatal day 12 (P12). We sought to explain the emergence of the cortical delta by assessing developmental changes in the activity of the parafacial zone (PZ), a medullary structure thought to regulate quiet sleep in adults. We recorded from the PZ in P10 and P12 rats and predicted an age-related increase in neural activity during increasing periods of delta-rich cortical activity. Instead, during quiet sleep, we discovered sleep-dependent rhythmic spiking activity-with intervening periods of total silence-phase locked to a local delta rhythm. Moreover, PZ and cortical delta were coherent at P12 but not at P10. PZ delta was also phase locked to respiration, suggesting sleep-dependent modulation of PZ activity by respiratory pacemakers in the ventral medulla. Disconnecting the main olfactory bulbs from the cortex did not diminish cortical delta, indicating that the influence of respiration on delta at this age is not mediated indirectly through nasal breathing. Finally, we observed an increase in parvalbumin-expressing terminals in the PZ across these ages, supporting a role for local GABAergic inhibition in the PZ's rhythmicity. The unexpected discovery of delta-rhythmic neural activity in the medulla-when cortical delta is also emerging-provides a new perspective on the brainstem's role in regulating sleep and promoting long-range functional connectivity in early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midha Ahmad
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jangjin Kim
- Department of Psychology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Brett Dwyer
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Greta Sokoloff
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Mark S Blumberg
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Löscher W, Gramer M, Römermann K. Heterogeneous brain distribution of bumetanide following systemic administration in rats. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2024; 45:138-148. [PMID: 38823029 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Bumetanide is used widely as a tool and off-label treatment to inhibit the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter NKCC1 in the brain and thereby to normalize intra-neuronal chloride levels in several brain disorders. However, following systemic administration, bumetanide only poorly penetrates into the brain parenchyma and does not reach levels sufficient to inhibit NKCC1. The low brain penetration is a consequence of both the high ionization rate and plasma protein binding, which restrict brain entry by passive diffusion, and of brain efflux transport. In previous studies, bumetanide was determined in the whole brain or a few brain regions, such as the hippocampus. However, the blood-brain barrier and its efflux transporters are heterogeneous across brain regions, so it cannot be excluded that bumetanide reaches sufficiently high brain levels for NKCC1 inhibition in some discrete brain areas. Here, bumetanide was determined in 14 brain regions following i.v. administration of 10 mg/kg in rats. Because bumetanide is much more rapidly eliminated by rats than humans, its metabolism was reduced by pretreatment with piperonyl butoxide. Significant, up to 5-fold differences in regional bumetanide levels were determined with the highest levels in the midbrain and olfactory bulb and the lowest levels in the striatum and amygdala. Brain:plasma ratios ranged between 0.004 (amygdala) and 0.022 (olfactory bulb). Regional brain levels were significantly correlated with local cerebral blood flow. However, regional bumetanide levels were far below the IC50 (2.4 μM) determined previously for rat NKCC1. Thus, these data further substantiate that the reported effects of bumetanide in rodent models of brain disorders are not related to NKCC1 inhibition in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Löscher
- Translational Neuropharmacology Laboratory, NIFE, Department of Experimental Otology of the ENT Clinics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martina Gramer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kerstin Römermann
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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9
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Burman RJ, Diviney T, Călin A, Gothard G, Jouhanneau JSM, Poulet JFA, Sen A, Akerman CJ. Optogenetic Determination of Dynamic and Cell-Type-Specific Inhibitory Reversal Potentials. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1392232024. [PMID: 38604778 PMCID: PMC11097265 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1392-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The reversal potential refers to the membrane potential at which the net current flow through a channel reverses direction. The reversal potential is determined by transmembrane ion gradients and, in turn, determines how the channel's activity will affect the membrane potential. Traditional investigation into the reversal potential of inhibitory ligand-gated ion channels (EInh) has relied upon the activation of endogenous receptors, such as the GABA-A receptor (GABAAR). There are, however, challenges associated with activating endogenous receptors, including agonist delivery, isolating channel responses, and the effects of receptor saturation and desensitization. Here, we demonstrate the utility of using a light-gated anion channel, stGtACR2, to probe EInh in the rodent brain. Using mice of both sexes, we demonstrate that the properties of this optically activated channel make it a suitable proxy for studying GABAAR receptor-mediated inhibition. We validate this agonist-independent optogenetic strategy in vitro and in vivo and further show how it can accurately capture differences in EInh dynamics following manipulations of endogenous ion fluxes. This allows us to explore distinct resting EInh differences across genetically defined neuronal subpopulations. Using this approach to challenge ion homeostasis mechanisms in neurons, we uncover cell-specific EInh dynamics that are supported by the differential expression of endogenous ion handling mechanisms. Our findings therefore establish an effective optical strategy for revealing novel aspects of inhibitory reversal potentials and thereby expand the repertoire of optogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Burman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
- Oxford Epilepsy Research Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Tara Diviney
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandru Călin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Gothard
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Sébastien M Jouhanneau
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin 13125, Germany
- Neuroscience Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - James F A Poulet
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin 13125, Germany
- Neuroscience Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Arjune Sen
- Oxford Epilepsy Research Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Colin J Akerman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
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10
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Dhapola R, Medhi B, HariKrishnaReddy D. Insight into the pathophysiological advances and molecular mechanisms underlying cerebral stroke: current status. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:649. [PMID: 38733445 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09597-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Molecular pathways involved in cerebral stroke are diverse. The major pathophysiological events that are observed in stroke comprises of excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, cellular acidosis, blood-brain barrier disruption, neuronal swelling and neuronal network mutilation. Various biomolecules are involved in these pathways and several major proteins are upregulated and/or suppressed following stroke. Different types of receptors, ion channels and transporters are activated. Fluctuations in levels of various ions and neurotransmitters have been observed. Cells involved in immune responses and various mediators involved in neuro-inflammation get upregulated progressing the pathogenesis of the disease. Despite of enormity of the problem, there is not a single therapy that can limit infarction and neurological disability due to stroke. This is because of poor understanding of the complex interplay between these pathophysiological processes. This review focuses upon the past to present research on pathophysiological events that are involved in stroke and various factors that are leading to neuronal death following cerebral stroke. This will pave a way to researchers for developing new potent therapeutics that can aid in the treatment of cerebral stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishika Dhapola
- Advanced Pharmacology and Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Punjab, 160012, India
| | - Dibbanti HariKrishnaReddy
- Advanced Pharmacology and Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India.
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11
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Scheper M, Sørensen FNF, Ruffolo G, Gaeta A, Lissner LJ, Anink JJ, Korshunova I, Jansen FE, Riney K, van Hecke W, Mühlebner A, Khodosevich K, Schubert D, Palma E, Mills JD, Aronica E. Impaired GABAergic regulation and developmental immaturity in interneurons derived from the medial ganglionic eminence in the tuberous sclerosis complex. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:80. [PMID: 38714540 PMCID: PMC11076412 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02737-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024]
Abstract
GABAergic interneurons play a critical role in maintaining neural circuit balance, excitation-inhibition regulation, and cognitive function modulation. In tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), GABAergic neuron dysfunction contributes to disrupted network activity and associated neurological symptoms, assumingly in a cell type-specific manner. This GABAergic centric study focuses on identifying specific interneuron subpopulations within TSC, emphasizing the unique characteristics of medial ganglionic eminence (MGE)- and caudal ganglionic eminence (CGE)-derived interneurons. Using single-nuclei RNA sequencing in TSC patient material, we identify somatostatin-expressing (SST+) interneurons as a unique and immature subpopulation in TSC. The disrupted maturation of SST+ interneurons may undergo an incomplete switch from excitatory to inhibitory GABAergic signaling during development, resulting in reduced inhibitory properties. Notably, this study reveals markers of immaturity specifically in SST+ interneurons, including an abnormal NKCC1/KCC2 ratio, indicating an imbalance in chloride homeostasis crucial for the postsynaptic consequences of GABAergic signaling as well as the downregulation of GABAA receptor subunits, GABRA1, and upregulation of GABRA2. Further exploration of SST+ interneurons revealed altered localization patterns of SST+ interneurons in TSC brain tissue, concentrated in deeper cortical layers, possibly linked to cortical dyslamination. In the epilepsy context, our research underscores the diverse cell type-specific roles of GABAergic interneurons in shaping seizures, advocating for precise therapeutic considerations. Moreover, this study illuminates the potential contribution of SST+ interneurons to TSC pathophysiology, offering insights for targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirte Scheper
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Frederik N F Sørensen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gabriele Ruffolo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00163, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gaeta
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Lilian J Lissner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Jasper J Anink
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irina Korshunova
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Floor E Jansen
- Department of Child Neurology, Brain Center University Medical Center, Member of ERN EpiCare, 3584 BA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kate Riney
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia
- Neurosciences Unit, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - Wim van Hecke
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Angelika Mühlebner
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Konstantin Khodosevich
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dirk Schubert
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, 6525 HR, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Palma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00163, Rome, Italy
| | - James D Mills
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Bucks, SL9 0RJ, UK
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, The Netherlands
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12
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Rodan AR. Circadian Rhythm Regulation by Pacemaker Neuron Chloride Oscillation in Flies. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:0. [PMID: 38411570 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00006.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms in physiology and behavior sync organisms to external environmental cycles. Here, circadian oscillation in intracellular chloride in central pacemaker neurons of the fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is reviewed. Intracellular chloride links SLC12 cation-coupled chloride transporter function with kinase signaling and the regulation of inwardly rectifying potassium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin R Rodan
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
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13
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Springer CS, Pike MM, Barbara TM. A Futile Cycle?: Tissue Homeostatic Trans-Membrane Water Co-Transport: Kinetics, Thermodynamics, Metabolic Consequences. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.17.589812. [PMID: 38659823 PMCID: PMC11042311 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.17.589812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The phenomenon of active trans-membrane water cycling (AWC) has emerged in little over a decade. Here, we consider H2O transport across cell membranes from the origins of its study. Historically, trans-membrane water transport processes were classified into: A) compensating bidirectional fluxes ("exchange"), and B) unidirectional flux ("net flow") categories. Recent literature molecular structure determinations and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations indicate probably all the many different hydrophilic substrate membrane co-transporters have membrane-spanning hydrophilic pathways and co-transport water along with their substrates, and that they individually catalyze category A and/or B water flux processes, although usually not simultaneously. The AWC name signifies that, integrated over the all the cell's co-transporters, the rate of homeostatic, bidirectional trans-cytolemmal water exchange (category A) is synchronized with the metabolic rate of the crucial Na+,K+-ATPase (NKA) enzyme. A literature survey indicates the stoichiometric (category B) water/substrate ratios of individual co-transporters are often very large. The MD simulations also suggest how different co-transporter reactions can be kinetically coupled molecularly. Is this (Na+,K+-ATPase rate-synchronized) cycling futile, or is it consequential? Conservatively representative literature metabolomic and proteinomic results enable comprehensive free energy analyses of the many transport reactions with known water stoichiometries. Free energy calculations, using literature intracellular pressure (Pi) values reveals there is an outward trans-membrane H2O barochemical gradient of magnitude comparable to that of the well-known inward Na+ electrochemical gradient. For most co-influxers, these gradients are finely balanced to maintain intracellular metabolite concentration values near their consuming enzyme Michaelis constants. The thermodynamic analyses include glucose, glutamate-, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and lactate- transporters. 2%-4% Pi alterations can lead to disastrous concentration levels. For the neurotransmitters glutamate- and GABA, very small astrocytic Pi changes can allow/disallow synaptic transmission. Unlike the Na+ and K+ electrochemical steady-states, the H2O barochemical steady-state is in (or near) chemical equilibrium. The analyses show why the presence of aquaporins (AQPs) does not dissipate the trans-membrane pressure gradient. A feedback loop inherent in the opposing Na+ electrochemical and H2O barochemical gradients regulates AQP-catalyzed water flux as an integral AWC aspect. These results also require a re-consideration of the underlying nature of Pi. Active trans-membrane water cycling is not futile, but is inherent to the cell's "NKA system" - a new, fundamental aspect of biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles S Springer
- Advanced Imaging Research Center
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, Oregon
| | - Martin M Pike
- Advanced Imaging Research Center
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, Oregon
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14
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Ott S, Xu S, Lee N, Hong I, Anns J, Suresh DD, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Harion R, Ye W, Chandramouli V, Jesuthasan S, Saheki Y, Claridge-Chang A. Kalium channelrhodopsins effectively inhibit neurons. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3480. [PMID: 38658537 PMCID: PMC11043423 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47203-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The analysis of neural circuits has been revolutionized by optogenetic methods. Light-gated chloride-conducting anion channelrhodopsins (ACRs)-recently emerged as powerful neuron inhibitors. For cells or sub-neuronal compartments with high intracellular chloride concentrations, however, a chloride conductance can have instead an activating effect. The recently discovered light-gated, potassium-conducting, kalium channelrhodopsins (KCRs) might serve as an alternative in these situations, with potentially broad application. As yet, KCRs have not been shown to confer potent inhibitory effects in small genetically tractable animals. Here, we evaluated the utility of KCRs to suppress behavior and inhibit neural activity in Drosophila, Caenorhabditis elegans, and zebrafish. In direct comparisons with ACR1, a KCR1 variant with enhanced plasma-membrane trafficking displayed comparable potency, but with improved properties that include reduced toxicity and superior efficacy in putative high-chloride cells. This comparative analysis of behavioral inhibition between chloride- and potassium-selective silencing tools establishes KCRs as next-generation optogenetic inhibitors for in vivo circuit analysis in behaving animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Ott
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sangyu Xu
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicole Lee
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ivan Hong
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jonathan Anns
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Danesha Devini Suresh
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xianyuan Zhang
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Raihanah Harion
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Weiying Ye
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vaishnavi Chandramouli
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Suresh Jesuthasan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yasunori Saheki
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adam Claridge-Chang
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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15
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Cho N, Kontou G, Smalley JL, Bope C, Dengler J, Montrose K, Deeb TZ, Brandon NJ, Yamamoto T, Davies PA, Giamas G, Moss SJ. The brain-specific kinase LMTK3 regulates neuronal excitability by decreasing KCC2-dependent neuronal Cl - extrusion. iScience 2024; 27:109512. [PMID: 38715938 PMCID: PMC11075064 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
LMTK3 is a brain-specific transmembrane serine/threonine protein kinase that acts as a scaffold for protein phosphatase-1 (PP1). Although LMKT3 has been identified as a risk factor for autism and epilepsy, its physiological significance is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that LMTK3 copurifies and binds to KCC2, a neuron-specific K+/Cl- transporter. KCC2 activity is essential for Cl--mediated hyperpolarizing GABAAR receptor currents, the unitary events that underpin fast synaptic inhibition. LMTK3 acts to promote the association of KCC2 with PP1 to promote the dephosphorylation of S940 within its C-terminal cytoplasmic domain, a process the diminishes KCC2 activity. Accordingly, acute inhibition of LMTK3 increases KCC2 activity dependent upon S940 and increases neuronal Cl- extrusion. Consistent with this, LMTK3 inhibition reduced intrinsic neuronal excitability and the severity of seizure-like events in vitro. Thus, LMTK3 may have profound effects on neuronal excitability as an endogenous modulator of KCC2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noell Cho
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Georgina Kontou
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Joshua L. Smalley
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Christopher Bope
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Jacob Dengler
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Kristopher Montrose
- Cell Signal Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Tarek Z. Deeb
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | | | - Tadashi Yamamoto
- Cell Signal Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Paul A. Davies
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Georgios Giamas
- Department for Biochemistry and Biomedicine, University of Sussex Brighton, Brighton BN1 9RH, UK
| | - Stephen J. Moss
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1 6BT, UK
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16
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Chen X, Gan Y, Au NPB, Ma CHE. Current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1345811. [PMID: 38660386 PMCID: PMC11039947 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1345811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is the most common off-target adverse effects caused by various chemotherapeutic agents, such as cisplatin, oxaliplatin, paclitaxel, vincristine and bortezomib. CIPN is characterized by a substantial loss of primary afferent sensory axonal fibers leading to sensory disturbances in patients. An estimated of 19-85% of patients developed CIPN during the course of chemotherapy. The lack of preventive measures and limited treatment options often require a dose reduction or even early termination of life-saving chemotherapy, impacting treatment efficacy and patient survival. In this Review, we summarized the current understanding on the pathogenesis of CIPN. One prominent change induced by chemotherapeutic agents involves the disruption of neuronal cytoskeletal architecture and axonal transport dynamics largely influenced by the interference of microtubule stability in peripheral neurons. Due to an ineffective blood-nerve barrier in our peripheral nervous system, exposure to some chemotherapeutic agents causes mitochondrial swelling in peripheral nerves, which lead to the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore and cytochrome c release resulting in degeneration of primary afferent sensory fibers. The exacerbated nociceptive signaling and pain transmission in CIPN patients is often linked the increased neuronal excitability largely due to the elevated expression of various ion channels in the dorsal root ganglion neurons. Another important contributing factor of CIPN is the neuroinflammation caused by an increased infiltration of immune cells and production of inflammatory cytokines. In the central nervous system, chemotherapeutic agents also induce neuronal hyperexcitability in the spinal dorsal horn and anterior cingulate cortex leading to the development of central sensitization that causes CIPN. Emerging evidence suggests that the change in the composition and diversity of gut microbiota (dysbiosis) could have direct impact on the development and progression of CIPN. Collectively, all these aspects contribute to the pathogenesis of CIPN. Recent advances in RNA-sequencing offer solid platform for in silico drug screening which enable the identification of novel therapeutic agents or repurpose existing drugs to alleviate CIPN, holding immense promises for enhancing the quality of life for cancer patients who undergo chemotherapy and improve their overall treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yumeng Gan
- Department of Neuroscience, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ngan Pan Bennett Au
- Department of Neuroscience, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
- Institute of Life Sciences and Healthcare, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Chi Him Eddie Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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17
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Morse J, Wang D, Mei S, Whitham D, Hladun C, Darie CC, Sintim HO, Wang M, Leung K. Chloride Homeostasis Regulates cGAS-STING Signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.08.588475. [PMID: 38645072 PMCID: PMC11030317 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.08.588475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The cGAS-STING signaling pathway has emerged as a key mediator of inflammation. However, the roles of chloride homeostasis on this pathway are unclear. Here, we uncovered a correlation between chloride homeostasis and cGAS-STING signaling. We found that dysregulation of chloride homeostasis attenuates cGAS-STING signaling in a lysosome-independent manner. Treating immune cells with chloride channel inhibitors attenuated 2'3'-cGAMP production by cGAS and also suppressed STING polymerization, leading to reduced cytokine production. We also demonstrate that non-selective chloride channel blockers can suppress the NPC1 deficiency-induced, hyper-activated STING signaling in skin fibroblasts derived from Niemann Pick disease type C (NPC) patients. Our findings reveal that chloride homeostasis majorly affects cGAS-STING pathway and suggest a provocative strategy to dampen STING-mediated inflammation via targeting chloride channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Morse
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, NY, 13676, United States
| | - Danna Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, NY, 13676, United States
| | - Serena Mei
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, NY, 13676, United States
| | - Danielle Whitham
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, NY, 13676, United States
| | - Colby Hladun
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, NY, 13676, United States
| | - Costel C. Darie
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, NY, 13676, United States
| | - Herman O. Sintim
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Modi Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, NY, 13676, United States
| | - KaHo Leung
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, NY, 13676, United States
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18
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Xie Y, Su T, Liu Y, Xu S. ATN1-related infantile developmental and epileptic encephalopathy responding to Ketogenic diet. Seizure 2024; 117:1-5. [PMID: 38262122 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2024.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has shown gene ATN1 to be associated with the nuclear receptor signaling. Its mutations in an evolutionarily conserved histidine-rich motif may cause CHEDDA, short for congenital hypotonia, epilepsy, developmental delay and digital anomalies, a recently identified neurodevelopmental syndrome that could evolve into developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE). Up to date, there have been reported less than 20 cases, whose clinical features and treatment are worth in-depth exploring. METHODS The clinical characteristics and genetic data of an infant with CHEDDA and further DEE were analyzed, who carried a de novo ATN1 variant identified by trio whole-exome sequencing. The alike patients with such a neurodevelopmental syndrome and epileptic seizures were reviewed on the literature. RESULTS The infant harboring a de novo missense mutation in ATN1 (c.3155A>C; p.His1052Pro) held almost all features of CHEDDA and presented with drug-resistant epileptic spasms, differing from one case previously reported with the same gene variant exhibiting milder seizures controlled easily. We further reviewed 11 CHEDDA patients with epileptic seizures in the literature and compared the correlation between abnormal cerebral structure and the incidence of intractable epilepsy among CHEDDA patients. Fortunately, this patient's seizures decreased remarkably after administering ketogenic diet (KD). CONCLUSION CHEDDA patients have significant phenotypic differences, especially in the epilepsy severity and their drug resistance, even if they carry the same mutation hotspot. Ketogenic diet and other treatments like Topiramate should be recommended for ATN1-related refractory epilepsy based on their regulation on expression of cation-chloride cotransporters and cellular hyperpolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, Province of Hubei, China
| | - Tangfeng Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, Province of Hubei, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, Province of Hubei, China
| | - Sanqing Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, Province of Hubei, China.
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19
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Hershfinkel M. Cross-talk between zinc and calcium regulates ion transport: A role for the zinc receptor, ZnR/GPR39. J Physiol 2024; 602:1579-1594. [PMID: 37462604 DOI: 10.1113/jp283834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc is essential for many physiological functions, with a major role in digestive system, skin health, and learning and memory. On the cellular level, zinc is involved in cell proliferation and cell death. A selective zinc sensing receptor, ZnR/GPR39 is a Gq-coupled receptor that acts via the inositol trisphosphate pathway to release intracellular Ca2+. The ZnR/GPR39 serves as a mediator between extracellular changes in Zn2+ concentration and cellular Ca2+ signalling. This signalling pathway regulates ion transporters activity and thereby controls the formation of transepithelial gradients or neuronal membrane potential, which play a fundamental role in the physiological function of these tissues. This review focuses on the role of Ca2+ signalling, and specifically ZnR/GPR39, with respect to the regulation of the Na+/H+ exchanger, NHE1, and of the K+/Cl- cotransporters, KCC1-3, and also describes the physiological implications of this regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Hershfinkel
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology and the School of Brain Sciences and Cognition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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20
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Ahmad M, Kim J, Dwyer B, Sokoloff G, Blumberg MS. DELTA-RHYTHMIC ACTIVITY IN THE MEDULLA DEVELOPS COINCIDENT WITH CORTICAL DELTA IN SLEEPING INFANT RATS. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.16.572000. [PMID: 38168267 PMCID: PMC10760077 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.16.572000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In early development, active sleep is the predominant sleep state before it is supplanted by quiet sleep. In rats, the developmental increase in quiet sleep is accompanied by the sudden emergence of the cortical delta rhythm (0.5-4 Hz) around postnatal day 12 (P12). We sought to explain the emergence of cortical delta by assessing developmental changes in the activity of the parafacial zone (PZ), a medullary structure thought to regulate quiet sleep in adults. We recorded from PZ in P10 and P12 rats and predicted an age-related increase in neural activity during increasing periods of delta-rich cortical activity. Instead, during quiet sleep we discovered sleep-dependent rhythmic spiking activity-with intervening periods of total silence-phase-locked to a local delta rhythm. Moreover, PZ and cortical delta were coherent at P12, but not at P10. PZ delta was also phase-locked to respiration, suggesting sleep-dependent modulation of PZ activity by respiratory pacemakers in the ventral medulla. Disconnecting the main olfactory bulbs from the cortex did not diminish cortical delta, indicating that the influence of respiration on delta at this age is not mediated indirectly through nasal breathing. Finally, we observed an increase in parvalbumin-expressing terminals in PZ across these ages, supporting a role for GABAergic inhibition in PZ's rhythmicity. The discovery of delta-rhythmic neural activity in the medulla-when cortical delta is also emerging-opens a new path to understanding the brainstem's role in regulating sleep and synchronizing rhythmic activity throughout the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midha Ahmad
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jangjin Kim
- Department of Psychology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Brett Dwyer
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Greta Sokoloff
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Mark S Blumberg
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
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21
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Ray S, Gurung P, Manning RS, Kravchuk AA, Singhvi A. Neuron cilia restrain glial KCC-3 to a microdomain to regulate multisensory processing. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113844. [PMID: 38421867 PMCID: PMC11296322 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Glia interact with multiple neurons, but it is unclear whether their interactions with each neuron are different. Our interrogation at single-cell resolution reveals that a single glial cell exhibits specificity in its interactions with different contacting neurons. Briefly, C. elegans amphid sheath (AMsh) glia apical-like domains contact 12 neuron-endings. At these ad-neuronal membranes, AMsh glia localize the K/Cl transporter KCC-3 to a microdomain exclusively around the thermosensory AFD neuron to regulate its properties. Glial KCC-3 is transported to ad-neuronal regions, where distal cilia of non-AFD glia-associated chemosensory neurons constrain it to a microdomain at AFD-contacting glial membranes. Aberrant KCC-3 localization impacts both thermosensory (AFD) and chemosensory (non-AFD) neuron properties. Thus, neurons can interact non-synaptically through a shared glial cell by regulating microdomain localization of its cues. As AMsh and glia across species compartmentalize multiple cues like KCC-3, we posit that this may be a broadly conserved glial mechanism that modulates information processing across multimodal circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Ray
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Pralaksha Gurung
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - R Sean Manning
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Alexandra A Kravchuk
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Aakanksha Singhvi
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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22
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Shi Y, Li M, Jia N, Shi R, Su Y. Structures and bonding characteristics of KCl(H2O)n clusters with n = 1-10 based on density functional theory. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:114316. [PMID: 38506288 DOI: 10.1063/5.0194237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Aqueous inorganic salt solutions play a prominent role in both physiological and chemical experiments, and significant attention has been directed toward understanding the mechanisms underlying salt dissolution. In our effort to elucidate the hydration process of potassium chloride, we employed a comprehensive genetic algorithm to explore the structures of KCl(H2O)n (n = 1-10). A series of stable structures were identified by high-level ab initio optimization and single-point energy calculations with a zero-point energy correction. An analysis of the probability distribution of KCl(H2O)1-10 revealed that clusters with high probability at low temperatures exhibit reduced probabilities at higher temperatures, while others become more prevalent. When n = 1-9, the contact ion pair configurations or partially dissociated structures dominate in the system, and the probability distribution plot shows that the proportion of the solvent-separated ion pair (SSIP) structures of KCl(H2O)n is very small, while the SSIP configuration in KCl(H2O)10 becomes a stable structure with increasing temperature. The results from natural bond orbital analysis reveal a stronger interaction between chloride ions and water molecules. These findings provide valuable insights for a more comprehensive understanding of the intricacies of potassium chloride dissolution in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shi
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Mengxu Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Nan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ruili Shi
- School of Mathematics and Physics Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Yan Su
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
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23
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Kok M, Hartnett-Scott K, Happe CL, MacDonald ML, Aizenman E, Brodsky JL. The expression system influences stability, maturation efficiency, and oligomeric properties of the potassium-chloride co-transporter KCC2. Neurochem Int 2024; 174:105695. [PMID: 38373478 PMCID: PMC10923169 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The neuron-specific K+/Cl- co-transporter 2, KCC2, which is critical for brain development, regulates γ-aminobutyric acid-dependent inhibitory neurotransmission. Consistent with its function, mutations in KCC2 are linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, including epilepsy, schizophrenia, and autism. KCC2 possesses 12 transmembrane spans and forms an intertwined dimer. Based on its complex architecture and function, reduced cell surface expression and/or activity have been reported when select disease-associated mutations are present in the gene encoding the protein, SLC12A5. These data suggest that KCC2 might be inherently unstable, as seen for other complex polytopic ion channels, thus making it susceptible to cellular quality control pathways that degrade misfolded proteins. To test these hypotheses, we examined KCC2 stability and/or maturation in five model systems: yeast, HEK293 cells, primary rat neurons, and rat and human brain synaptosomes. Although studies in yeast revealed that KCC2 is selected for endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), experiments in HEK293 cells supported a more subtle role for ERAD in maintaining steady-state levels of KCC2. Nevertheless, this system allowed for an analysis of KCC2 glycosylation in the ER and Golgi, which serves as a read-out for transport through the secretory pathway. In turn, KCC2 was remarkably stable in primary rat neurons, suggesting that KCC2 folds efficiently in more native systems. Consistent with these data, the mature glycosylated form of KCC2 was abundant in primary rat neurons as well as in rat and human brain. Together, this work details the first insights into the influence that the cellular and membrane environments have on several fundamental KCC2 properties, acknowledges the advantages and disadvantages of each system, and helps set the stage for future experiments to assess KCC2 in a normal or disease setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Kok
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Karen Hartnett-Scott
- Department of Neurobiology and the Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cassandra L Happe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Matthew L MacDonald
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elias Aizenman
- Department of Neurobiology and the Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Brodsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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24
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Moss A, Kuttippurathu L, Srivastava A, Schwaber JS, Vadigepalli R. Dynamic dysregulation of transcriptomic networks in brainstem autonomic nuclei during hypertension development in the female spontaneously hypertensive rat. Physiol Genomics 2024; 56:283-300. [PMID: 38145287 PMCID: PMC11283910 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00073.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenic hypertension stems from an imbalance in autonomic function that shifts the central cardiovascular control circuits toward a state of dysfunction. Using the female spontaneously hypertensive rat and the normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rat model, we compared the transcriptomic changes in three autonomic nuclei in the brainstem, nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), caudal ventrolateral medulla, and rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) in a time series at 8, 10, 12, 16, and 24 wk of age, spanning the prehypertensive stage through extended chronic hypertension. RNA-sequencing data were analyzed using an unbiased, dynamic pattern-based approach that uncovered dominant and several subtle differential gene regulatory signatures. Our results showed a persistent dysregulation across all three autonomic nuclei regardless of the stage of hypertension development as well as a cascade of transient dysregulation beginning in the RVLM at the prehypertensive stage that shifts toward the NTS at the hypertension onset. Genes that were persistently dysregulated were heavily enriched for immunological processes such as antigen processing and presentation, the adaptive immune response, and the complement system. Genes with transient dysregulation were also largely region-specific and were annotated for processes that influence neuronal excitability such as synaptic vesicle release, neurotransmitter transport, and an array of neuropeptides and ion channels. Our results demonstrate that neurogenic hypertension is characterized by brainstem region-specific transcriptomic changes that are highly dynamic with significant gene regulatory changes occurring at the hypertension onset as a key time window for dysregulation of homeostatic processes across the autonomic control circuits.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Hypertension is a major disease and is the primary risk factor for cardiovascular complications and stroke. The gene expression changes in the central nervous system circuits driving hypertension are understudied. Here, we show that coordinated and region-specific gene expression changes occur in the brainstem autonomic circuits over time during the development of a high blood pressure phenotype in a rat model of human essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Moss
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Lakshmi Kuttippurathu
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Ankita Srivastava
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - James S Schwaber
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Rajanikanth Vadigepalli
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
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25
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Grau JW, Hudson KE, Johnston DT, Partipilo SR. Updating perspectives on spinal cord function: motor coordination, timing, relational processing, and memory below the brain. Front Syst Neurosci 2024; 18:1184597. [PMID: 38444825 PMCID: PMC10912355 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2024.1184597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Those studying neural systems within the brain have historically assumed that lower-level processes in the spinal cord act in a mechanical manner, to relay afferent signals and execute motor commands. From this view, abstracting temporal and environmental relations is the province of the brain. Here we review work conducted over the last 50 years that challenges this perspective, demonstrating that mechanisms within the spinal cord can organize coordinated behavior (stepping), induce a lasting change in how pain (nociceptive) signals are processed, abstract stimulus-stimulus (Pavlovian) and response-outcome (instrumental) relations, and infer whether stimuli occur in a random or regular manner. The mechanisms that underlie these processes depend upon signal pathways (e.g., NMDA receptor mediated plasticity) analogous to those implicated in brain-dependent learning and memory. New data show that spinal cord injury (SCI) can enable plasticity within the spinal cord by reducing the inhibitory effect of GABA. It is suggested that the signals relayed to the brain may contain information about environmental relations and that spinal cord systems can coordinate action in response to descending signals from the brain. We further suggest that the study of stimulus processing, learning, memory, and cognitive-like processing in the spinal cord can inform our views of brain function, providing an attractive model system. Most importantly, the work has revealed new avenues of treatment for those that have suffered a SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W. Grau
- Lab of Dr. James Grau, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Cellular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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26
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Silva MH. Investigating open access new approach methods (NAM) to assess biological points of departure: A case study with 4 neurotoxic pesticides. Curr Res Toxicol 2024; 6:100156. [PMID: 38404712 PMCID: PMC10891343 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2024.100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Open access new approach methods (NAM) in the US EPA ToxCast program and NTP Integrated Chemical Environment (ICE) were used to investigate activities of four neurotoxic pesticides: endosulfan, fipronil, propyzamide and carbaryl. Concordance of in vivo regulatory points of departure (POD) adjusted for interspecies extrapolation (AdjPOD) to modelled human Administered Equivalent Dose (AEDHuman) was assessed using 3-compartment or Adult/Fetal PBTK in vitro to in vivo extrapolation. Model inputs were from Tier 1 (High throughput transcriptomics: HTTr, high throughput phenotypic profiling: HTPP) and Tier 2 (single target: ToxCast) assays. HTTr identified gene expression signatures associated with potential neurotoxicity for endosulfan, propyzamide and carbaryl in non-neuronal MCF-7 and HepaRG cells. The HTPP assay in U-2 OS cells detected potent effects on DNA endpoints for endosulfan and carbaryl, and mitochondria with fipronil (propyzamide was inactive). The most potent ToxCast assays were concordant with specific components of each chemical mode of action (MOA). Predictive adult IVIVE models produced fold differences (FD) < 10 between the AEDHuman and the measured in vivo AdjPOD. The 3-compartment model was concordant (i.e., smallest FD) for endosulfan, fipronil and carbaryl, and PBTK was concordant for propyzamide. The most potent AEDHuman predictions for each chemical showed HTTr, HTPP and ToxCast were mainly concordant with in vivo AdjPODs but assays were less concordant with MOAs. This was likely due to the cell types used for testing and/or lack of metabolic capabilities and pathways available in vivo. The Fetal PBTK model had larger FDs than adult models and was less predictive overall.
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27
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Kim HR, Long M, Sekerková G, Maes A, Kennedy A, Martina M. Hypernegative GABA A Reversal Potential in Pyramidal Cells Contributes to Medial Prefrontal Cortex Deactivation in a Mouse Model of Neuropathic Pain. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2024; 25:522-532. [PMID: 37793537 PMCID: PMC10841847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Deactivation of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been broadly reported in both neuropathic pain models and human chronic pain patients. Several cellular mechanisms may contribute to the inhibition of mPFC activity, including enhanced GABAergic inhibition. The functional effect of GABAA(γ-aminobutyric acid type A)-receptor activation depends on the concentration of intracellular chloride in the postsynaptic neuron, which is mainly regulated by the activity of Na-K-2Cl cotransporter isoform 1 (NKCC1) and K-Cl cotransporter isoform 2 (KCC2), 2 potassium-chloride cotransporters that import and extrude chloride, respectively. Recent work has shown that the NKCC1-KCC2 ratio is affected in numerous pathological conditions, and we hypothesized that it may contribute to the alteration of mPFC function in neuropathic pain. We used quantitative in situ hybridization to assess the level of expression of NKCC1 and KCC2 in the mPFC of a mouse model of neuropathic pain (spared nerve injury), and we found that KCC2 transcript is increased in the mPFC of spared nerve injury mice while NKCC1 is not affected. Perforated patch recordings further showed that this results in the hypernegative reversal potential of the GABAA current in pyramidal neurons of the mPFC. Computational simulations suggested that this change in GABAA reversal potential is sufficient to significantly reduce the overall activity of the cortical network. Thus, our results identify a novel pathological modulation of GABAA function and a new mechanism by which mPFC function is inhibited in neuropathic pain. Our data also help explain previous findings showing that activation of mPFC interneurons has proalgesic effect in neuropathic, but not in control conditions. PERSPECTIVE: Chronic pain is associated with the presence of depolarizing GABAA current in the spinal cord, suggesting that pharmacological NKCC1 antagonism has analgesic effects. However, our results show that in neuropathic pain, GABAA current is actually hyperinhibitory in the mPFC, where it contributes to the mPFC functional deactivation. This suggests caution in the use of NKCC1 antagonism to treat pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haram R Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Manzhao Long
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gabriella Sekerková
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Amadeus Maes
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ann Kennedy
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Marco Martina
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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28
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Marchetta P, Dapper K, Hess M, Calis D, Singer W, Wertz J, Fink S, Hage SR, Alam M, Schwabe K, Lukowski R, Bourien J, Puel JL, Jacob MH, Munk MHJ, Land R, Rüttiger L, Knipper M. Dysfunction of specific auditory fibers impacts cortical oscillations, driving an autism phenotype despite near-normal hearing. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23411. [PMID: 38243766 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301995r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder is discussed in the context of altered neural oscillations and imbalanced cortical excitation-inhibition of cortical origin. We studied here whether developmental changes in peripheral auditory processing, while preserving basic hearing function, lead to altered cortical oscillations. Local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded from auditory, visual, and prefrontal cortices and the hippocampus of BdnfPax2 KO mice. These mice develop an autism-like behavioral phenotype through deletion of BDNF in Pax2+ interneuron precursors, affecting lower brainstem functions, but not frontal brain regions directly. Evoked LFP responses to behaviorally relevant auditory stimuli were weaker in the auditory cortex of BdnfPax2 KOs, connected to maturation deficits of high-spontaneous rate auditory nerve fibers. This was correlated with enhanced spontaneous and induced LFP power, excitation-inhibition imbalance, and dendritic spine immaturity, mirroring autistic phenotypes. Thus, impairments in peripheral high-spontaneous rate fibers alter spike synchrony and subsequently cortical processing relevant for normal communication and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philine Marchetta
- Molecular Physiology of Hearing, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Konrad Dapper
- Molecular Physiology of Hearing, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Morgan Hess
- Molecular Physiology of Hearing, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dila Calis
- Molecular Physiology of Hearing, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wibke Singer
- Molecular Physiology of Hearing, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jakob Wertz
- Molecular Physiology of Hearing, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Fink
- Molecular Physiology of Hearing, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Steffen R Hage
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mesbah Alam
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schwabe
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Lukowski
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jerome Bourien
- Institute for Neurosciences Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médical, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Luc Puel
- Institute for Neurosciences Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médical, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Michele H Jacob
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthias H J Munk
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Biology, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Land
- Department of Experimental Otology, Institute of Audioneurotechnology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lukas Rüttiger
- Molecular Physiology of Hearing, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marlies Knipper
- Molecular Physiology of Hearing, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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29
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Matsushima T, Izumi T, Vallortigara G. The domestic chick as an animal model of autism spectrum disorder: building adaptive social perceptions through prenatally formed predispositions. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1279947. [PMID: 38356650 PMCID: PMC10864568 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1279947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Equipped with an early social predisposition immediately post-birth, humans typically form associations with mothers and other family members through exposure learning, canalized by a prenatally formed predisposition of visual preference to biological motion, face configuration, and other cues of animacy. If impaired, reduced preferences can lead to social interaction impairments such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) via misguided canalization. Despite being taxonomically distant, domestic chicks could also follow a homologous developmental trajectory toward adaptive socialization through imprinting, which is guided via predisposed preferences similar to those of humans, thereby suggesting that chicks are a valid animal model of ASD. In addition to the phenotypic similarities in predisposition with human newborns, accumulating evidence on the responsible molecular mechanisms suggests the construct validity of the chick model. Considering the recent progress in the evo-devo studies in vertebrates, we reviewed the advantages and limitations of the chick model of developmental mental diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Matsushima
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Health Science University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, Japan
- Centre for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Takeshi Izumi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Health Science University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, Japan
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30
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Ruiz Munevar M, Rizzi V, Portioli C, Vidossich P, Cao E, Parrinello M, Cancedda L, De Vivo M. Cation Chloride Cotransporter NKCC1 Operates through a Rocking-Bundle Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:552-566. [PMID: 38146212 PMCID: PMC10786066 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The sodium, potassium, and chloride cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) plays a key role in tightly regulating ion shuttling across cell membranes. Lately, its aberrant expression and function have been linked to numerous neurological disorders and cancers, making it a novel and highly promising pharmacological target for therapeutic interventions. A better understanding of how NKCC1 dynamically operates would therefore have broad implications for ongoing efforts toward its exploitation as a therapeutic target through its modulation. Based on recent structural data on NKCC1, we reveal conformational motions that are key to its function. Using extensive deep-learning-guided atomistic simulations of NKCC1 models embedded into the membrane, we captured complex dynamical transitions between alternate open conformations of the inner and outer vestibules of the cotransporter and demonstrated that NKCC1 has water-permeable states. We found that these previously undefined conformational transitions occur via a rocking-bundle mechanism characterized by the cooperative angular motion of transmembrane helices (TM) 4 and 9, with the contribution of the extracellular tip of TM 10. We found these motions to be critical in modulating ion transportation and in regulating NKCC1's water transporting capabilities. Specifically, we identified interhelical dynamical contacts between TM 10 and TM 6, which we functionally validated through mutagenesis experiments of 4 new targeted NKCC1 mutants. We conclude showing that those 4 residues are highly conserved in most Na+-dependent cation chloride cotransporters (CCCs), which highlights their critical mechanistic implications, opening the way to new strategies for NKCC1's function modulation and thus to potential drug action on selected CCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel
José Ruiz Munevar
- Laboratory
of Molecular Modelling & Drug Discovery, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genoa 16163, Italy
| | - Valerio Rizzi
- Biomolecular
& Pharmaceutical Modelling Group, Université
de Genève, Rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva CH-1211 4, Switzerland
| | - Corinne Portioli
- Laboratory
of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genoa 16163, Italy
- Laboratory
of Brain Development and Disease, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genoa 16163, Italy
| | - Pietro Vidossich
- Laboratory
of Molecular Modelling & Drug Discovery, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genoa 16163, Italy
| | - Erhu Cao
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Utah School
of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-5650, United States
| | - Michele Parrinello
- Laboratory
of Atomistic Simulations, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genoa 16163, Italy
| | - Laura Cancedda
- Laboratory
of Brain Development and Disease, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genoa 16163, Italy
| | - Marco De Vivo
- Laboratory
of Molecular Modelling & Drug Discovery, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genoa 16163, Italy
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31
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Day M, Belal M, Surmeier WC, Melendez A, Wokosin D, Tkatch T, Clarke VRJ, Surmeier DJ. GABAergic regulation of striatal spiny projection neurons depends upon their activity state. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002483. [PMID: 38295323 PMCID: PMC10830145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Synaptic transmission mediated by GABAA receptors (GABAARs) in adult, principal striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) can suppress ongoing spiking, but its effect on synaptic integration at subthreshold membrane potentials is less well characterized, particularly those near the resting down-state. To fill this gap, a combination of molecular, optogenetic, optical, and electrophysiological approaches were used to study SPNs in mouse ex vivo brain slices, and computational tools were used to model somatodendritic synaptic integration. In perforated patch recordings, activation of GABAARs, either by uncaging of GABA or by optogenetic stimulation of GABAergic synapses, evoked currents with a reversal potential near -60 mV in both juvenile and adult SPNs. Transcriptomic analysis and pharmacological work suggested that this relatively positive GABAAR reversal potential was not attributable to NKCC1 expression, but rather to HCO3- permeability. Regardless, from down-state potentials, optogenetic activation of dendritic GABAergic synapses depolarized SPNs. This GABAAR-mediated depolarization summed with trailing ionotropic glutamate receptor (iGluR) stimulation, promoting dendritic spikes and increasing somatic depolarization. Simulations revealed that a diffuse dendritic GABAergic input to SPNs effectively enhanced the response to dendritic iGluR signaling and promoted dendritic spikes. Taken together, our results demonstrate that GABAARs can work in concert with iGluRs to excite adult SPNs when they are in the resting down-state, suggesting that their inhibitory role is limited to brief periods near spike threshold. This state-dependence calls for a reformulation for the role of intrastriatal GABAergic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Day
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Marziyeh Belal
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - William C. Surmeier
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Alexandria Melendez
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - David Wokosin
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Tatiana Tkatch
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Vernon R. J. Clarke
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America
| | - D. James Surmeier
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America
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32
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Frost-Nylén J, Thompson WS, Robertson B, Grillner S. The Basal Ganglia Downstream Control of Action - An Evolutionarily Conserved Strategy. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:1419-1430. [PMID: 37563813 PMCID: PMC11097981 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230810141746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The motor areas of the cortex and the basal ganglia both contribute to determining which motor actions will be recruited at any moment in time, and their functions are intertwined. Here, we review the basal ganglia mechanisms underlying the selection of behavior of the downstream control of motor centers in the midbrain and brainstem and show that the basic organization of the forebrain motor system is evolutionarily conserved throughout vertebrate phylogeny. The output level of the basal ganglia (e.g. substantia nigra pars reticulata) has GABAergic neurons that are spontaneously active at rest and inhibit a number of specific motor centers, each of which can be relieved from inhibition if the inhibitory output neurons themselves become inhibited. The motor areas of the cortex act partially via the dorsolateral striatum (putamen), which has specific modules for the forelimb, hindlimb, trunk, etc. Each module operates in turn through the two types of striatal projection neurons that control the output modules of the basal ganglia and thereby the downstream motor centers. The mechanisms for lateral inhibition in the striatum are reviewed as well as other striatal mechanisms contributing to action selection. The motor cortex also exerts a direct excitatory action on specific motor centers. An overview is given of the basal ganglia control exerted on the different midbrain/brainstem motor centers, and the efference copy information fed back via the thalamus to the striatum and cortex, which is of importance for the planning of future movements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brita Robertson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sten Grillner
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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33
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Lunsford ET, Bobkov YV, Ray BC, Liao JC, Strother JA. Anion efflux mediates transduction in the hair cells of the zebrafish lateral line. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2315515120. [PMID: 38117855 PMCID: PMC10756195 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315515120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair cells are the principal sensory receptors of the vertebrate auditory system, where they transduce sounds through mechanically gated ion channels that permit cations to flow from the surrounding endolymph into the cells. The lateral line of zebrafish has served as a key model system for understanding hair cell physiology and development, often with the belief that these hair cells employ a similar transduction mechanism. In this study, we demonstrate that these hair cells are exposed to an unregulated external environment with cation concentrations that are too low to support transduction. Our results indicate that hair cell excitation is instead mediated by a substantially different mechanism involving the outward flow of anions. Further investigation of hair cell transduction in a diversity of sensory systems and species will likely yield deep insights into the physiology of these unique cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias T. Lunsford
- Department of Biology, The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, Saint Augustine, FL32080
- Institut du Cerveau (Paris Brain Institute), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris75013, France
| | - Yuriy V. Bobkov
- Department of Biology, The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, Saint Augustine, FL32080
| | - Brandon C. Ray
- Department of Biology, The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, Saint Augustine, FL32080
| | - James C. Liao
- Department of Biology, The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, Saint Augustine, FL32080
| | - James A. Strother
- Department of Biology, The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, Saint Augustine, FL32080
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34
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Wang T, Chen S, Mao Z, Shang Y, Brinton RD. Allopregnanolone pleiotropic action in neurons and astrocytes: calcium signaling as a unifying mechanism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1286931. [PMID: 38189047 PMCID: PMC10771836 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1286931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Allopregnanolone (Allo) is a neurosteroid with pleiotropic action in the brain that includes neurogenesis, oligogenesis, human and rodent neural stem cell regeneration, increased glucose metabolism, mitochondrial respiration and biogenesis, improved cognitive function, and reduction of both inflammation and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Because the breadth of Allo-induced responses requires activation of multiple systems of biology in the absence of an Allo-specific nuclear receptor, analyses were conducted in both neurons and astrocytes to identify unifying systems and signaling pathways. Methods Mechanisms of Allo action were investigated in embryonic hippocampal neurons and astrocytes cultured in an Aging Model (AM) media. Cellular morphology, mitochondrial function, and transcriptomics were investigated followed by mechanistic pathway analyses. Results In hippocampal neurons, Allo significantly increased neurite outgrowth and synaptic protein expression, which were paralleled by upregulated synaptogenesis and long-term potentiation gene expression profiles. Mechanistically, Allo induced Ca2+/CREB signaling cascades. In parallel, Allo significantly increased maximal mitochondrial respiration, mitochondrial membrane potential, and Complex IV activity while reducing oxidative stress, which required both the GABAA and L-type Ca2+ channels. In astrocytes, Allo increased ATP generation, mitochondrial function and dynamics while reducing oxidative stress, inflammasome indicators, and apoptotic signaling. Mechanistically, Allo regulation of astrocytic mitochondrial function required both the GABAA and L-type Ca2+ channels. Furthermore, Allo activated NRF1-TFAM signaling and increased the DRP1/OPA1 protein ratio, which led to increased mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics. Conclusion Collectively, the cellular, mitochondrial, transcriptional, and pharmacological profiles provide evidence in support of calcium signaling as a unifying mechanism for Allo pleiotropic actions in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Wang
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Shuhua Chen
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Zisu Mao
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Yuan Shang
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Roberta Diaz Brinton
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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35
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Xiao L, Yang Q, Tan J, Ma B, Chen D. Engineering a Cl - -Modulated Light-Driven Na + Pump. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302543. [PMID: 37833829 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Microbial Na+ -pumping rhodopsin (NaR) is a promising optogenetic tool due to its unique ability to transport Na+ . Like most rhodopsin-based tools, NaR is limited to light-based control. In this study, our objective was to develop a novel mode of modulation for NaR beyond light control. By introducing a potential Cl- binding site near the putative Na+ release cavity, we engineered Nonlabens dokdonensis rhodopsin 2 (NdR2) to be modulated by Cl- , an essential chemical in organisms. The engineered NdR2 demonstrated an approximately two-fold increase in Na+ pump activity in the presence of 100 mM Cl- compared to Cl- -free solution. Increasing Cl- concentration decreased the lifetimes of the M and O intermediates accordingly. The analysis of competitive ion uptake suggested the bound Cl- may increase the Na+ affinity and selectivity. This chemical modulation allows for more diverse and precise control over cellular processes, advancing the development of next-generation optogenetic tools. Notably, our Cl- -modulated NdR2 establishes an innovative mechanism for linking Cl- to Na+ -related processes, with potential applications in optogenetic therapies for related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qifan Yang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jingjing Tan
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Baofu Ma
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Deliang Chen
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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36
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Radulovic T, Rajaram E, Ebbers L, Pagella S, Winklhofer M, Kopp-Scheinpflug C, Nothwang HG, Milenkovic I, Hartmann AM. Serine 937 phosphorylation enhances KCC2 activity and strengthens synaptic inhibition. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21660. [PMID: 38066086 PMCID: PMC10709408 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48884-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The potassium chloride cotransporter KCC2 is crucial for Cl- extrusion from mature neurons and thus key to hyperpolarizing inhibition. Auditory brainstem circuits contain well-understood inhibitory projections and provide a potent model to study the regulation of synaptic inhibition. Two peculiarities of the auditory brainstem are (i) posttranslational activation of KCC2 during development and (ii) extremely negative reversal potentials in specific circuits. To investigate the role of the potent phospho-site serine 937 therein, we generated a KCC2 Thr934Ala/Ser937Asp double mutation, in which Ser937 is replaced by aspartate mimicking the phosphorylated state, and the neighbouring Thr934 arrested in the dephosphorylated state. This double mutant showed a twofold increased transport activity in HEK293 cells, raising the hypothesis that auditory brainstem neurons show lower [Cl-]i. and increased glycinergic inhibition. This was tested in a mouse model carrying the same KCC2 Thr934Ala/Ser937Asp mutation by the use of the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Homozygous KCC2 Thr934Ala/Ser937Asp mice showed an earlier developmental onset of hyperpolarisation in the auditory brainstem. Mature neurons displayed stronger glycinergic inhibition due to hyperpolarized ECl-. These data demonstrate that phospho-regulation of KCC2 Ser937 is a potent way to interfere with the excitation-inhibition balance in neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Radulovic
- Division of Physiology School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl Von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center Neurosensory Science, Carl Von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ezhilarasan Rajaram
- Division of Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lena Ebbers
- Division of Neurogenetics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl Von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Sara Pagella
- Division of Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Michael Winklhofer
- Research Center Neurosensory Science, Carl Von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences IBU, Carl Von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Conny Kopp-Scheinpflug
- Division of Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Hans Gerd Nothwang
- Division of Neurogenetics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl Von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center Neurosensory Science, Carl Von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany
- Center of Excellence Hearing4all, Carl Von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ivan Milenkovic
- Division of Physiology School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl Von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center Neurosensory Science, Carl Von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Hartmann
- Division of Neurogenetics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl Von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany.
- Research Center Neurosensory Science, Carl Von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany.
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Kurki SN, Srinivasan R, Laine J, Virtanen MA, Ala-Kurikka T, Voipio J, Kaila K. Acute neuroinflammation leads to disruption of neuronal chloride regulation and consequent hyperexcitability in the dentate gyrus. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113379. [PMID: 37922309 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a salient part of diverse neurological and psychiatric pathologies that associate with neuronal hyperexcitability, but the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms remain to be identified. Here, we show that peripheral injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) renders the dentate gyrus (DG) hyperexcitable to perforant pathway stimulation in vivo and increases the internal spiking propensity of dentate granule cells (DGCs) in vitro 24 h post-injection (hpi). In parallel, LPS leads to a prominent downregulation of chloride extrusion via KCC2 and to the emergence of NKCC1-mediated chloride uptake in DGCs under experimental conditions optimized to detect specific changes in transporter efficacy. These data show that acute neuroinflammation leads to disruption of neuronal chloride regulation, which unequivocally results in a loss of GABAergic inhibition in the DGCs, collapsing the gating function of the DG. The present work provides a mechanistic explanation for neuroinflammation-driven hyperexcitability and consequent cognitive disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samu N Kurki
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Neuroscience Center (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Rakenduvadhana Srinivasan
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Neuroscience Center (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jens Laine
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Neuroscience Center (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari A Virtanen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Neuroscience Center (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tommi Ala-Kurikka
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Neuroscience Center (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Voipio
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kai Kaila
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Neuroscience Center (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Pracucci E, Graham RT, Alberio L, Nardi G, Cozzolino O, Pillai V, Pasquini G, Saieva L, Walsh D, Landi S, Zhang J, Trevelyan AJ, Ratto GM. Daily rhythm in cortical chloride homeostasis underpins functional changes in visual cortex excitability. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7108. [PMID: 37925453 PMCID: PMC10625537 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42711-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortical activity patterns are strongly modulated by fast synaptic inhibition mediated through ionotropic, chloride-conducting receptors. Consequently, chloride homeostasis is ideally placed to regulate activity. We therefore investigated the stability of baseline [Cl-]i in adult mouse neocortex, using in vivo two-photon imaging. We found a two-fold increase in baseline [Cl-]i in layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons, from day to night, with marked effects upon both physiological cortical processing and seizure susceptibility. Importantly, the night-time activity can be converted to the day-time pattern by local inhibition of NKCC1, while inhibition of KCC2 converts day-time [Cl-]i towards night-time levels. Changes in the surface expression and phosphorylation of the cation-chloride cotransporters, NKCC1 and KCC2, matched these pharmacological effects. When we extended the dark period by 4 h, mice remained active, but [Cl-]i was modulated as for animals in normal light cycles. Our data thus demonstrate a daily [Cl-]i modulation with complex effects on cortical excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Pracucci
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST), Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) and Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Robert T Graham
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Laura Alberio
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Gabriele Nardi
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST), Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) and Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Olga Cozzolino
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST), Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) and Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vinoshene Pillai
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST), Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) and Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pasquini
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST), Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) and Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luciano Saieva
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Darren Walsh
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Silvia Landi
- Institute of Neuroscience CNR, Pisa, Italy
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST), Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) and Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Medical School, College of Medicine and Institute of Health, University of Exeter, Hatherly Laboratories, Exeter, EX4 4PS, UK
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology. Research Center of Chemical Kinomics, Shangai. Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Andrew J Trevelyan
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Gian-Michele Ratto
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST), Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) and Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa, 56127, Pisa, Italy.
- Institute of Neuroscience CNR, Pisa, Italy.
- Padova Neuroscience Center, Padova, Italy.
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Gieré C, Menger Y, Illouz H, Melchior M, Lelièvre V, Poisbeau P. Towards a central origin of nociceptive hypersensitivity in adult rats after a neonatal maternal separation. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 58:4155-4165. [PMID: 37821102 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Early life adversities influence a nervous system still in development with long-term consequences for later life. These include nociceptive circuit alterations critical to shape an adaptive pain response to protect the organism from potential damage. Adult rats with a history of neonatal maternal separation (NMS) display visceral and somatic nociceptive hypersensitivity and inefficient analgesic responses to stress. In this study, we have characterized the consequences of NMS on wide dynamic range neurons (WDR) in the spinal cord of anaesthetized adult rats during the nociceptive processing of hot and cold noxious information. We found that WDR neurons of NMS rats display an excessive coding of mechanical and thermal information applied at the rat's hindpaws. This nicely explains the hypernociceptive behaviours seen after noxious mechanical, cold and hot peripheral stimulation. A peripheral change in the expression of molecular transducers for these stimuli (i.e., TRPV1, TRPM8 and TRPA1) does not seem to account for this general hyperexcitability. Instead, a decreased chloride-mediated inhibitory tone on WDR neurons may play a role as indicated by the abnormal elevation of the type 1 Na-K-Cl cotransporter transcripts. Altogether, we propose that long-term consequences of NMS are associated with reduced spinal cord inhibition favouring the expression of pain hypersensitivity. We cannot exclude that this phenomenon is also present at supraspinal sites, as other NMS-associated symptoms include excessive anxiety and impaired sociability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Gieré
- Centre National de la recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Ecole Universitaire de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur la Douleur, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yannick Menger
- Centre National de la recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hannah Illouz
- Centre National de la recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Ecole Universitaire de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur la Douleur, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Meggane Melchior
- Centre National de la recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire des Neurosciences Cognitive et Adaptative, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Lelièvre
- Centre National de la recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierrick Poisbeau
- Centre National de la recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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40
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Piatkevich KD, Boyden ES. Optogenetic control of neural activity: The biophysics of microbial rhodopsins in neuroscience. Q Rev Biophys 2023; 57:e1. [PMID: 37831008 DOI: 10.1017/s0033583523000033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Optogenetics, the use of microbial rhodopsins to make the electrical activity of targeted neurons controllable by light, has swept through neuroscience, enabling thousands of scientists to study how specific neuron types contribute to behaviors and pathologies, and how they might serve as novel therapeutic targets. By activating a set of neurons, one can probe what functions they can initiate or sustain, and by silencing a set of neurons, one can probe the functions they are necessary for. We here review the biophysics of these molecules, asking why they became so useful in neuroscience for the study of brain circuitry. We review the history of the field, including early thinking, early experiments, applications of optogenetics, pre-optogenetics targeted neural control tools, and the history of discovering and characterizing microbial rhodopsins. We then review the biophysical attributes of rhodopsins that make them so useful to neuroscience - their classes and structure, their photocycles, their photocurrent magnitudes and kinetics, their action spectra, and their ion selectivity. Our hope is to convey to the reader how specific biophysical properties of these molecules made them especially useful to neuroscientists for a difficult problem - the control of high-speed electrical activity, with great precision and ease, in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiryl D Piatkevich
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Edward S Boyden
- McGovern Institute and Koch Institute, Departments of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Media Arts and Sciences, and Biological Engineering, K. Lisa Yang Center for Bionics and Center for Neurobiological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Rao S, Farhat A, Rakshasbhuvankar A, Athikarisamy S, Ghosh S, Nagarajan L. Effects of bumetanide on neonatal seizures: A systematic review of animal and human studies. Seizure 2023; 111:206-214. [PMID: 37690372 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bumetanide, an inhibitor of the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter-1, has been suggested as an adjunct to phenobarbital for treating neonatal seizures. METHODS A systematic review of animal and human studies was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of bumetanide for neonatal seizures. PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane databases were searched in March 2023. RESULTS 26 animal (rat or mice) studies describing 38 experiments (28 in-vivo and ten in-vitro) and two human studies (one RCT and one open-label dose-finding) were included. The study designs, methods to induce seizures, bumetanide dose, and outcome measures were heterogeneous, with only 4/38 experiments being in animal hypoxia/ischaemia models. Among 38 animal experiments, bumetanide was reported to have antiseizure effects in 21, pro-seizure in six and ineffective in 11. The two human studies (n = 57) did not show the benefits of bumetanide as an add-on agent to phenobarbital in their primary analyses, but one study reported benefit on post-hoc analysis. Overall, hearing impairment was detected in 5/37 surviving infants in the bumetanide group vs. 0/13 in controls. Four of the five infants with hearing impairment had received aminoglycosides concurrently. Other adverse effects reported were diuresis, mild-to-moderate dehydration, hypotension, and electrolyte disturbances. The studies did not report on long-term neurodevelopment. The certainty of the evidence was very low. CONCLUSION Animal data suggest that bumetanide has inconsistent effects as an antiseizure medication in neonates. Data from human studies are scarce and raise some concerns regarding ototoxicity when given with aminoglycosides. Well conducted studies in animal models of hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy are urgently needed. Future RCTs, if conducted in human neonates, should have an adequate sample size, assess neurodevelopment, minimize using aminoglycosides, be transparent about the potential ototoxicity in the parent information sheet, conduct early hearing tests and have trial-stopping rules that include hearing impairment as an outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shripada Rao
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, King Edward Memorial and Perth Children's Hospitals, Perth, Australia; Paediatric Division, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - Asifa Farhat
- General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Abhijeet Rakshasbhuvankar
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, King Edward Memorial and Perth Children's Hospitals, Perth, Australia; Paediatric Division, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Sam Athikarisamy
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, King Edward Memorial and Perth Children's Hospitals, Perth, Australia; Paediatric Division, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Soumya Ghosh
- Children's Neuroscience Service, Department of Neurology, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Australia; Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Perron Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Lakshmi Nagarajan
- Paediatric Division, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Children's Neuroscience Service, Department of Neurology, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Australia
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Trejo F, Elizalde S, Mercado A, Gamba G, de losHeros P. SLC12A cryo-EM: analysis of relevant ion binding sites, structural domains, and amino acids. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C921-C939. [PMID: 37545407 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00089.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The solute carrier family 12A (SLC12A) superfamily of membrane transporters modulates the movement of cations coupled with chloride across the membrane. In doing so, these cotransporters are involved in numerous aspects of human physiology: cell volume regulation, ion homeostasis, blood pressure regulation, and neurological action potential via intracellular chloride concentration modulation. Their physiological characterization has been largely studied; however, understanding the mechanics of their function and the relevance of structural domains or specific amino acids has been a pending task. In recent years, single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has been successfully applied to members of the SLC12A family including all K+:Cl- cotransporters (KCCs), Na+:K+:2Cl- cotransporter NKCC1, and recently Na+:Cl- cotransporter (NCC); revealing structural elements that play key roles in their function. The present review analyzes the data provided by these cryo-EM reports focusing on structural domains and specific amino acids involved in ion binding, domain interactions, and other important SCL12A structural elements. A comparison of cryo-EM data from NKCC1 and KCCs is presented in the light of the two recent NCC cryo-EM studies, to propose insight into structural elements that might also be found in NCC and are necessary for its proper function. In the final sections, the importance of key coordination residues for substrate specificity and their implication on various pathophysiological conditions and genetic disorders is reviewed, as this could provide the basis to correlate structural elements with the development of novel and selective treatments, as well as mechanistic insight into the function and regulation of cation-coupled chloride cotransporters (CCCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Trejo
- Unidad de Investigación UNAM-INC, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Stephanie Elizalde
- Departamento de Nefrología y Metabolismo Mineral, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adriana Mercado
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Gamba
- Departamento de Nefrología y Metabolismo Mineral, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paola de losHeros
- Unidad de Investigación UNAM-INC, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Pol E, Côme E, Merlaud Z, Gouhier J, Russeau M, Scotto-Lomassese S, Moutkine I, Marques X, Lévi S. NKCC1 and KCC2 Chloride Transporters Have Different Membrane Dynamics on the Surface of Hippocampal Neurons. Cells 2023; 12:2363. [PMID: 37830575 PMCID: PMC10571912 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Na-K-2Cl cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) regulates chloride influx in neurons and thereby GABAA receptor activity in normal and pathological conditions. Here, we characterized in hippocampal neurons the membrane expression, distribution and dynamics of exogenous NKCC1a and NKCC1b isoforms and compared them to those of the chloride extruder K-Cl cotransporter 2 (KCC2). We found that NKCC1a and NKCC1b behave quite similarly. NKCC1a/1b but not KCC2 are present along the axon initial segment where they are confined. Moreover, NKCC1a/1b are detected in the somato-dendritic compartment at a lower level than KCC2, where they form fewer, smaller and less compact clusters at perisynaptic and extrasynaptic sites. Interestingly, ~60% of dendritic clusters of NKCC1a/1b are colocalized with KCC2. They are larger and brighter than those devoid of KCC2, suggesting a particular NKCC1a/1b-KCC2 relationship. In agreement with the reduced dendritic clustering of NKCC1a/1b compared with that of KCC2, NKCC1a/1b are more mobile on the dendrite than KCC2, suggesting weaker cytoskeletal interaction. NKCC1a/b are confined to endocytic zones, where they spend more time than KCC2. However, they spend less time in these compartments than at the synapses, suggesting that they can rapidly leave endocytic zones to increase the membrane pool, which can happen in pathological conditions. Thus, NKCC1a/b have different membrane dynamics and clustering from KCC2, which helps to explain their low level in the neuronal membrane, while allowing a rapid increase in the membrane pool under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sabine Lévi
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR-S 1270, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France; (E.P.); (E.C.); (Z.M.); (J.G.); (M.R.); (S.S.-L.); (I.M.); (X.M.)
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Tapp ZM, Ren C, Palmer K, Kumar J, Atluri RR, Fitzgerald J, Velasquez J, Godbout J, Sheridan J, Kokiko-Cochran ON. Divergent Spatial Learning, Enhanced Neuronal Transcription, and Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption Develop During Recovery from Post-Injury Sleep Fragmentation. Neurotrauma Rep 2023; 4:613-626. [PMID: 37752925 PMCID: PMC10518692 DOI: 10.1089/neur.2023.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes pathophysiology that may significantly decrease quality of life over time. A major propagator of this response is chronic, maladaptive neuroinflammation, which can be exacerbated by stressors such as sleep fragmentation (SF). This study determined whether post-TBI SF had lasting behavioral and inflammatory effects even with a period of recovery. To test this, male and female mice received a moderate lateral fluid percussion TBI or sham surgery. Half the mice were left undisturbed, and half were exposed to daily SF for 30 days. All mice were then undisturbed between 30 and 60 days post-injury (DPI), allowing mice to recover from SF (SF-R). SF-R did not impair global Barnes maze performance. Nonetheless, TBI SF-R mice displayed retrogression in latency to reach the goal box within testing days. These nuanced behavioral changes in TBI SF-R mice were associated with enhanced expression of neuronal processing/signaling genes and indicators of blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) expression, a marker of BBB integrity, was differentially altered by TBI and TBI SF-R. For example, TBI enhanced cortical AQP4 whereas TBI SF-R mice had the lowest cortical expression of perivascular AQP4, dysregulated AQP4 polarization, and the highest number of CD45+ cells in the ipsilateral cortex. Altogether, post-TBI SF caused lasting, divergent behavioral responses associated with enhanced expression of neuronal transcription and BBB disruption even after a period of recovery from SF. Understanding lasting impacts from post-TBI stressors can better inform both acute and chronic post-injury care to improve long-term outcome post-TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe M. Tapp
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Cindy Ren
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kelsey Palmer
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Julia Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ravitej R. Atluri
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Julie Fitzgerald
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - John Velasquez
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jonathan Godbout
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Chronic Brain Injury Program, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Neurological Institute, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - John Sheridan
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Chronic Brain Injury Program, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Olga N. Kokiko-Cochran
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Chronic Brain Injury Program, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Neurological Institute, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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45
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Tian T, Zhang S, Yang M. Recent progress and challenges in the treatment of spinal cord injury. Protein Cell 2023; 14:635-652. [PMID: 36856750 PMCID: PMC10501188 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwad003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts the structural and functional connectivity between the higher center and the spinal cord, resulting in severe motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunction with a variety of complications. The pathophysiology of SCI is complicated and multifaceted, and thus individual treatments acting on a specific aspect or process are inadequate to elicit neuronal regeneration and functional recovery after SCI. Combinatory strategies targeting multiple aspects of SCI pathology have achieved greater beneficial effects than individual therapy alone. Although many problems and challenges remain, the encouraging outcomes that have been achieved in preclinical models offer a promising foothold for the development of novel clinical strategies to treat SCI. In this review, we characterize the mechanisms underlying axon regeneration of adult neurons and summarize recent advances in facilitating functional recovery following SCI at both the acute and chronic stages. In addition, we analyze the current status, remaining problems, and realistic challenges towards clinical translation. Finally, we consider the future of SCI treatment and provide insights into how to narrow the translational gap that currently exists between preclinical studies and clinical practice. Going forward, clinical trials should emphasize multidisciplinary conversation and cooperation to identify optimal combinatorial approaches to maximize therapeutic benefit in humans with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Tian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sensen Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Maojun Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Cryo-EM Facility Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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46
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Haroun R, Gossage SJ, Luiz AP, Arcangeletti M, Sikandar S, Zhao J, Cox JJ, Wood JN. Chemogenetic Silencing of Na V1.8-Positive Sensory Neurons Reverses Chronic Neuropathic and Bone Cancer Pain in FLEx PSAM 4-GlyR Mice. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0151-23.2023. [PMID: 37679042 PMCID: PMC10523839 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0151-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Drive from peripheral neurons is essential in almost all pain states, but pharmacological silencing of these neurons to effect analgesia has proved problematic. Reversible gene therapy using long-lived chemogenetic approaches is an appealing option. We used the genetically activated chloride channel PSAM4-GlyR to examine pain pathways in mice. Using recombinant AAV9-based delivery to sensory neurons, we found a reversal of acute pain behavior and diminished neuronal activity using in vitro and in vivo GCaMP imaging on activation of PSAM4-GlyR with varenicline. A significant reduction in inflammatory heat hyperalgesia and oxaliplatin-induced cold allodynia was also observed. Importantly, there was no impairment of motor coordination, but innocuous von Frey sensation was inhibited. We generated a transgenic mouse that expresses a CAG-driven FLExed PSAM4-GlyR downstream of the Rosa26 locus that requires Cre recombinase to enable the expression of PSAM4-GlyR and tdTomato. We used NaV1.8 Cre to examine the role of predominantly nociceptive NaV1.8+ neurons in cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) and neuropathic pain caused by chronic constriction injury (CCI). Varenicline activation of PSAM4-GlyR in NaV1.8-positive neurons reversed CCI-driven mechanical, thermal, and cold sensitivity. Additionally, varenicline treatment of mice with CIBP expressing PSAM4-GlyR in NaV1.8+ sensory neurons reversed cancer pain as assessed by weight-bearing. Moreover, when these mice were subjected to acute pain assays, an elevation in withdrawal thresholds to noxious mechanical and thermal stimuli was detected, but innocuous mechanical sensations remained unaffected. These studies confirm the utility of PSAM4-GlyR chemogenetic silencing in chronic pain states for mechanistic analysis and potential future therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan Haroun
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel J Gossage
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Paula Luiz
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Arcangeletti
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Shafaq Sikandar
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jing Zhao
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - James J Cox
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - John N Wood
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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47
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Byvaltcev E, Behbood M, Schleimer JH, Gensch T, Semyanov A, Schreiber S, Strauss U. KCC2 reverse mode helps to clear postsynaptically released potassium at glutamatergic synapses. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112934. [PMID: 37537840 PMCID: PMC10480490 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular potassium [K+]o elevation during synaptic activity retrogradely modifies presynaptic release and astrocytic uptake of glutamate. Hence, local K+ clearance and replenishment mechanisms are crucial regulators of glutamatergic transmission and plasticity. Based on recordings of astrocytic inward rectifier potassium current IKir and K+-sensitive electrodes as sensors of [K+]o as well as on in silico modeling, we demonstrate that the neuronal K+-Cl- co-transporter KCC2 clears local perisynaptic [K+]o during synaptic excitation by operating in an activity-dependent reversed mode. In reverse mode, KCC2 replenishes K+ in dendritic spines and complements clearance of [K+]o, therewith attenuating presynaptic glutamate release and shortening LTP. We thus demonstrate a physiological role of KCC2 in neuron-glial interactions and regulation of synaptic signaling and plasticity through the uptake of postsynaptically released K+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egor Byvaltcev
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Cell- and Neurobiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mahraz Behbood
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Department of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan-Hendrik Schleimer
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Department of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Gensch
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 1 (IBI-1, Molecular and Cellular Physiology), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhem-Jonen Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Alexey Semyanov
- Department of Physiology, Jiaxing University College of Medicine, Zhejiang Pro, Jiaxing 314033, China
| | - Susanne Schreiber
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Department of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulf Strauss
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Cell- and Neurobiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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Boyarko B, Podvin S, Greenberg B, Momper JD, Huang Y, Gerwick WH, Bang AG, Quinti L, Griciuc A, Kim DY, Tanzi RE, Feldman HH, Hook V. Evaluation of bumetanide as a potential therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1190402. [PMID: 37601062 PMCID: PMC10436590 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1190402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutics discovery and development for Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been an area of intense research to alleviate memory loss and the underlying pathogenic processes. Recent drug discovery approaches have utilized in silico computational strategies for drug candidate selection which has opened the door to repurposing drugs for AD. Computational analysis of gene expression signatures of patients stratified by the APOE4 risk allele of AD led to the discovery of the FDA-approved drug bumetanide as a top candidate agent that reverses APOE4 transcriptomic brain signatures and improves memory deficits in APOE4 animal models of AD. Bumetanide is a loop diuretic which inhibits the kidney Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter isoform, NKCC2, for the treatment of hypertension and edema in cardiovascular, liver, and renal disease. Electronic health record data revealed that patients exposed to bumetanide have lower incidences of AD by 35%-70%. In the brain, bumetanide has been proposed to antagonize the NKCC1 isoform which mediates cellular uptake of chloride ions. Blocking neuronal NKCC1 leads to a decrease in intracellular chloride and thus promotes GABAergic receptor mediated hyperpolarization, which may ameliorate disease conditions associated with GABAergic-mediated depolarization. NKCC1 is expressed in neurons and in all brain cells including glia (oligodendrocytes, microglia, and astrocytes) and the vasculature. In consideration of bumetanide as a repurposed drug for AD, this review evaluates its pharmaceutical properties with respect to its estimated brain levels across doses that can improve neurologic disease deficits of animal models to distinguish between NKCC1 and non-NKCC1 mechanisms. The available data indicate that bumetanide efficacy may occur at brain drug levels that are below those required for inhibition of the NKCC1 transporter which implicates non-NKCC1 brain mechansims for improvement of brain dysfunctions and memory deficits. Alternatively, peripheral bumetanide mechanisms may involve cells outside the central nervous system (e.g., in epithelia and the immune system). Clinical bumetanide doses for improved neurological deficits are reviewed. Regardless of mechanism, the efficacy of bumetanide to improve memory deficits in the APOE4 model of AD and its potential to reduce the incidence of AD provide support for clinical investigation of bumetanide as a repurposed AD therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Boyarko
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sonia Podvin
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Barry Greenberg
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jeremiah D. Momper
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Yadong Huang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Departments of Neurology and Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - William H. Gerwick
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Anne G. Bang
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Luisa Quinti
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Ana Griciuc
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Doo Yeon Kim
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Rudolph E. Tanzi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Howard H. Feldman
- Department of Neurosciences and Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
- Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Vivian Hook
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Neurosciences and Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
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Parrish RR, Jackson‐Taylor T, Voipio J, Trevelyan AJ. Optogenetic ion pumps differ with respect to the secondary pattern of K + redistribution. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15778. [PMID: 37537145 PMCID: PMC10400552 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that strong activation of the optogenetic chloride pump, halorhodopsin leads to a secondary redistribution of K+ ions into the cell, through tonically open, "leak" K+ channels. Here we show that this effect is not unique to halorhodopsin but is also seen with activation of another electrogenic ion pump, archaerhodopsin. The two opsins differ however in the size of the rebound rise in extracellular potassium, [K+ ]o , after the end of activation, which is far larger with halorhodopsin than for archaerhodopsin activation. Multiple linear regression modeling indicates that the variance in the postillumination surge in [K+ ]o was explained both by the size of the preceding, illumination-induced drop in [K+ ]o and also by the type of opsin. These data provide additional support for the hypothesis that intense chloride-loading of cells, as occurs naturally following intense bursts of GABAergic synaptic bombardment, or artificially following halorhodopsin activation, is followed by extrusion of both Cl- and K+ coupled together. We discuss this with respect to the pattern of [K+ ]o rise that occurs at the onset of seizure-like events.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Ryley Parrish
- Medical School, Newcastle University Biosciences InstituteNewcastle upon TyneUK
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyBrigham Young UniversityProvoUtahUSA
| | - Tom Jackson‐Taylor
- Medical School, Newcastle University Biosciences InstituteNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Juha Voipio
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Molecular and Integrative BiosciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Andrew J. Trevelyan
- Medical School, Newcastle University Biosciences InstituteNewcastle upon TyneUK
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50
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van van Hugte EJH, Schubert D, Nadif Kasri N. Excitatory/inhibitory balance in epilepsies and neurodevelopmental disorders: Depolarizing γ-aminobutyric acid as a common mechanism. Epilepsia 2023; 64:1975-1990. [PMID: 37195166 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders. Although many factors contribute to epileptogenesis, seizure generation is mostly linked to hyperexcitability due to alterations in excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance. The common hypothesis is that reduced inhibition, increased excitation, or both contribute to the etiology of epilepsy. Increasing evidence shows that this view is oversimplistic, and that increased inhibition through depolarizing γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) similarly contributes to epileptogenisis. In early development, GABA signaling is depolarizing, inducing outward Cl- currents due to high intracellular Cl- concentrations. During maturation, the mechanisms of GABA action shift from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing, a critical event during brain development. Altered timing of this shift is associated with both neurodevelopmental disorders and epilepsy. Here, we consider the different ways that depolarizing GABA contributes to altered E/I balance and epileptogenesis, and discuss that alterations in depolarizing GABA could be a common denominator underlying seizure generation in neurodevelopmental disorders and epilepsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline J H van van Hugte
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Epileptology, Academic Centre for Epileptology (ACE) Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk Schubert
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nael Nadif Kasri
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Epileptology, Academic Centre for Epileptology (ACE) Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, the Netherlands
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