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Du L, Zong Y, Li H, Wang Q, Xie L, Yang B, Pang Y, Zhang C, Zhong Z, Gao J. Hyperuricemia and its related diseases: mechanisms and advances in therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:212. [PMID: 39191722 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01916-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia, characterized by elevated levels of serum uric acid (SUA), is linked to a spectrum of commodities such as gout, cardiovascular diseases, renal disorders, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes, etc. Significantly impairing the quality of life for those affected, the prevalence of hyperuricemia is an upward trend globally, especially in most developed countries. UA possesses a multifaceted role, such as antioxidant, pro-oxidative, pro-inflammatory, nitric oxide modulating, anti-aging, and immune effects, which are significant in both physiological and pathological contexts. The equilibrium of circulating urate levels hinges on the interplay between production and excretion, a delicate balance orchestrated by urate transporter functions across various epithelial tissues and cell types. While existing research has identified hyperuricemia involvement in numerous biological processes and signaling pathways, the precise mechanisms connecting elevated UA levels to disease etiology remain to be fully elucidated. In addition, the influence of genetic susceptibilities and environmental determinants on hyperuricemia calls for a detailed and nuanced examination. This review compiles data from global epidemiological studies and clinical practices, exploring the physiological processes and the genetic foundations of urate transporters in depth. Furthermore, we uncover the complex mechanisms by which the UA induced inflammation influences metabolic processes in individuals with hyperuricemia and the association with its relative disease, offering a foundation for innovative therapeutic approaches and advanced pharmacological strategies.
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Grants
- 82002339, 81820108020 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82002339, 81820108020 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82002339, 81820108020 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82002339, 81820108020 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82002339, 81820108020 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82002339, 81820108020 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82002339, 81820108020 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82002339, 81820108020 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82002339, 81820108020 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82002339, 81820108020 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Du
- Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Yao Zong
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Haorui Li
- Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Qiyue Wang
- Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Lei Xie
- Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Yidan Pang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Zhigang Zhong
- Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
| | - Junjie Gao
- Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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Kunlayawutipong T, Rattanathammethee T, Punnachet T, Hantrakun N, Piriyakhuntorn P, Hantrakool S, Chai-Adisaksopha C, Rattarittamrong E, Tantiworawit A, Norasetthada L, Louthrenoo W. Prevalence and risk factors for hyperuricemia and hyperuricosuria in patients with hematologic malignancies. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1343000. [PMID: 38873194 PMCID: PMC11169800 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1343000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hyperuricemia is a common complication of hematologic malignancies, and hyperuricosuria in this population has shown conflicting results. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hyperuricemia and parameters associated with serum uric acid (SUA) and urine uric acid (UUA) in patients with lymphoma and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Methods This cross-sectional study included adult patients with newly diagnosed lymphoma and MPN at the university-based hospital. Clinical characteristics were collected, and independent risk factors for hyperuricemia and hyperuricosuria were determined using multiple logistic regression. Results One hundred and sixty-five patients were included with a median age of 55 years (45.5-64) and 51.5% were males. There were 91 patients (55.2%) with lymphoma and 74 cases (44.8%) of MPN. Overall, hyperuricemia was prevalent in 43.6% with a median SUA of 6.3 mg/dl (4.6-8) and hyperuricosuria was detected in 39.4% with a median 24-h UUA of 545 mg (365.4-991). Hyperuricemia was observed in patients with lymphoma and MPN in 20.9% and 71.6%, respectively, and hyperuricosuria in 15.4% and 68.9%, respectively. In lymphoma patients, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <90 ml/min/1.73 m2 and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) ≥ 250 U/L were associated with hyperuricemia with odds ratio (OR) 3.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.95-11.07, p = 0.006 and OR 2.07, 95%CI 1.62-6.97, p = 0.039), and only elevated serum LDH was related to hyperuricosuria (OR 2.37, 95%CI 1.56-14.29, p = 0.036). In MPN patients, hemoglobin levels <10 g/dl and serum LDH ≥ 640 mg/dl were independent risk factors of hyperuricosuria (OR 1.88, 95%CI 1.42-8.39, p = 0.045 and OR 6.21, 95%CI 1.49-25.74, p = 0.012). Conclusion Hyperuricemia in patients with hematologic malignancies was common, notably MPN, and parameters associated with hyperuricosuria were provided. In addition to the utilization of allopurinol in patients at high risk of tumor lysis syndrome, patients without hyperuricosuria may also be of significant interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanaput Kunlayawutipong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thanawat Rattanathammethee
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Teerachat Punnachet
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nonthakorn Hantrakun
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pokpong Piriyakhuntorn
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sasinee Hantrakool
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chatree Chai-Adisaksopha
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Ekarat Rattarittamrong
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Adisak Tantiworawit
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Lalita Norasetthada
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Worawit Louthrenoo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Yang S, Liu H, Fang XM, Yan F, Zhang Y. Signaling pathways in uric acid homeostasis and gout: From pathogenesis to therapeutic interventions. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:111932. [PMID: 38560961 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Uric acid is a product of purine degradation, and uric acid may have multiple physiologic roles, including the beneficial effects as an antioxidant and neuroprotector, maintenance of blood pressure during low salt ingestion, and modulation of immunity. However, overproduction of metabolic uric acid, and/or imbalance of renal uric acid secretion and reabsorption, and/or underexcretion of extrarenal uric acid, e.g. gut, will contribute to hyperuricemia, which is a common metabolic disease. Long-lasting hyperuricemia can induce the formation and deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals within the joints and periarticular structures. MSU crystals further induce an acute, intensely painful, and sterile inflammation conditions named as gout by NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated cleavage of pro-IL-1β to bioactive IL-1β. Moreover, hyperuricemia and gout are associated with multiple cardiovascular and renal disorders, e.g., hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, obesity, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease. Although great efforts have been made by scientists of modern medicine, however, modern therapeutic strategies with a single target are difficult to exert long-term positive effects, and even some of these agents have severe adverse effects. The Chinese have used the ancient classic prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat metabolic diseases, including gout, by multiple targets, for more than 2200 years. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of urate homeostasis, the pathogenesis of hyperuricemia and gout, and both modern medicine and TCM strategies for this commonly metabolic disorder. We hope these will provide the good references for treating hyperuricemia and gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangling Yang
- School of Health Sciences, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510520, China
| | - Haimei Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Xian-Ming Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530011, China.
| | - Fuman Yan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Yaxing Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Issue 12(th) of Guangxi Apprenticeship Education of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shi‑Cheng Class of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine), College of Continuing Education, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China.
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Qu P, Du S, Wang W, Peng Z, Hu Q, Wang H, Tang X. Treatment of gouty arthritis with traditional Chinese medicine decoction: Meta-analysis, network pharmacology analysis, and molecular docking. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e36722. [PMID: 38181263 PMCID: PMC10766312 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine decoction (TCMD) could ameliorate the clinical symptoms and laboratory indicators of gouty arthritis (GA) patients. However, few investigations have been conducted on the efficacy and safety of TCMD for GA, the underlying mechanism of TCMD for GA, and the relationship between the TCMD active ingredients and GA targets. METHODS Randomized controlled trials of TCMD for GA were retrieved from Chinese and English databases. Meta-analysis was conducted by Stata 17 software. Potential sources of heterogeneity were identified through subgroup analysis, meta-regression, and heterogeneity test. Publication bias was assessed by Egger's test and funnel plots. The ingredients and targets related to TCMD and GA were obtained from multiple databases, such as TCMSP and DrugBank. The protein-protein interaction network, GO and KEGG analysis was constructed using STRING and DAVID. Molecular docking and visualization of the results were completed by AutoDock and PyMOL software. RESULTS Eighty-four studies were included, involving 7151 patients and 10 outcome indicators. Meta-analysis showed that, compared to routine treatment, TCMD could better reduce the incidence of adverse events and the level of laboratory indicators including blood uric acid (BUA), C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). In the section of network pharmacology, we retrieved 150 active ingredients and 303 target genes from the top 10 herbs in 84 studies, as well as 3082 disease targets and 195 cross targets of the herbs and GA. The top ranked ingredients, intersection targets, and signaling pathways included quercetin, kaempferol, and wogonin; AKT1, TNF, and TP53; as well as IL-17, HIF-1, and PI3K-AKT, etc. Among the 81 molecular docking results, we visualized 10 results with low binding energy, including IL1B and beta-sitosterol, MYC and beta-sitosterol, etc. CONCLUSION TCMD could be a satisfactory complementary and alternative therapy for GA. However, it should be verified by further studies. Future research could be conducted from the following active ingredients, targets, and signal pathways, such as wogonin, sitosterol, and sitosterol; AKT1, TNF, IL6, and TP53; and IL-17, HIF-1, and PI3K-AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengda Qu
- First Clinical Medical College, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Shiyu Du
- First Clinical Medical College, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Zhaorong Peng
- First Clinical Medical College, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Qian Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- First Clinical Medical College, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaohu Tang
- Department of Rheumatology, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
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Song S, Jia C, Li C, Ma Y. The causal association between thyroid disease and gout: A Mendelian randomization study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35817. [PMID: 37932979 PMCID: PMC10627627 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Observational studies have reported some associations between thyroid disease and gout, but the causal relationship between the 2 is not clear. We used Mendelian randomization (MR) Analysis to investigate the causal association between some thyroid diseases (autoimmune hypothyroidism, autoimmune hyperthyroidism, thyroid nodules, and thyroid cancer) and gout. GWAS data were used for analysis. The exposure factors were autoimmune hypothyroidism, autoimmune hyperthyroidism, thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer, and the outcome variables were gout. IVW, MR-Egger, Weighted median and Weighted mode were used for MR analysis. Cochran Q test MR-PRESSO and MR-Egger intercept analysis were used to detect heterogeneity and multi directivity. Autoimmune hypothyroidism has a causal effect on gout, IVW results show (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.03-1.21, PFDR = 0.0336); Autoimmune hyperthyroidism has a causal effect on gout, IVW results show (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.01-1.12, PFDR = 0.0314); Thyroid cancer has no causal effect on gout, IVW results show (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.98-1.09, PFDR = 0.297); Thyroid nodules has no causal effect on gout, IVW results show (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.98-1.08, PFDR = 0.225); Reverse MR Studies show that gout have no causal effect on the above thyroid diseases. Autoimmune hypothyroidism and autoimmune hyperthyroidism increase the risk of gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Song
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine External Treatment Center, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Congcong Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong First Medical University Affiliated Occupational Disease Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - ChunJing Li
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuxia Ma
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Al B, Bruno M, Röring RJ, Moorlag SJCFM, Suen TK, Klück V, Liu R, Debisarun PA, Gaal O, Bhat J, Kabelitz D, van de Veerdonk FL, Joosten LAB, Netea MG, Placek K. Peripheral T Cell Populations are Differentially Affected in Familial Mediterranean Fever, Chronic Granulomatous Disease, and Gout. J Clin Immunol 2023; 43:2033-2048. [PMID: 37714974 PMCID: PMC10661758 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01576-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Both innate errors of immunity, such as familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) and chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), and the common inflammatory disease gout are characterized by episodes of sterile inflammatory attacks in the absence of an infection. While these disorders encompass distinct pathologies due to differentially affected metabolic pathways and inflammasome activation mechanisms, their common features are the excessive production of interleukin (IL)-1ß and innate immune cell hyperreactivity. On the other hand, the role of T cells and innate-like lymphocytes such as gamma delta (γδ) T cells in these pathologies is ill-defined. In order to widen our understanding of T cell involvement in CGD, FMF and gout pathology, we developed multicolour immunophenotyping panels for flow cytometry to characterize γδ T cells as well as CD4 and CD8 T cell populations in terms of their cytokine production, activation status, memory or naive phenotypes, exhaustion status, homing receptor expression, and cytotoxic activity. Our study is the first deep immunophenotyping analysis of T cell populations in CGD, FMF, and gout patients. We found that CGD affects the frequencies and activation status of T cells, while gout impairs the cytokine production capacity of Vδ2 T cells. FMF was characterized by decreased percentages of regulatory T cells in circulation and attenuated IFN-γ production capacity by Vδ2 T cells. Autoinflammatory syndromes and congenital defects of phagocyte differentially affect T cell compartments. Future studies are warranted to assess whether these phenotypical changes are relevant for disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Al
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mariolina Bruno
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Rutger J Röring
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Simone J C F M Moorlag
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Tsz Kin Suen
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Viola Klück
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ruiqi Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Priya A Debisarun
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Orsolya Gaal
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Jaydeep Bhat
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel & University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel & University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Frank L van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Placek
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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Liao PJ, Ting MK, Kuo CF, Ding YH, Lin CM, Hsu KH. Kinship analysis of type 2 diabetes mellitus familial aggregation in Taiwan. Biomed J 2023; 46:100549. [PMID: 35863666 PMCID: PMC10345230 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family disease history plays a vital role in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk. However, the familial aggregation of T2DM among different kinship relatives warrants further investigation. METHODS This nationwide kinship relationship study collected 2000-2016 data of two to five generations of the Taiwanese population from the National Health Insurance Research Database. Approximately 4 million family trees were constructed from the records of 20, 890, 264 Taiwanese residents during the study period. T2DM was diagnosed on the basis of ICD-9-CM codes 250.x0 or 250.x2, with three consecutive related prescriptions. The Cox proportional hazard model was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Compared with their counterparts, individuals who had first-degree relatives with T2DM were more likely to develop T2DM during the follow-up period (hazard ratio [HR], 2.37-27.75), followed by individuals who had second-degree relatives with T2DM (HR, 1.29-1.88). T2DM relative risk was higher in those with an affected mother than in those with affected father. The HR for T2DM was 20.32 (95%CI = 15.64-26.42) among male individuals with an affected twin brother, whereas among female individuals with an affected twin sister, it was 60.07 (95%CI = 40.83-88.36). The HRs presented a dose-response relationship with the number of affected family members. CONCLUSION The study suggests a significant familial aggregation of T2DM occurrence; these findings could aid in identifying the high-risk group for T2DM and designing early intervention strategies and treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ju Liao
- International Program of Health Informatics and Management, and Master Degree Program in Health and Long-term Care Industry, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kuo Ting
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Fu Kuo
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Taoyuan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hao Ding
- Laboratory for Epidemiology, Department of Health Care Management, and Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ciao-Ming Lin
- Laboratory for Epidemiology, Department of Health Care Management, and Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hung Hsu
- Laboratory for Epidemiology, Department of Health Care Management, and Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Taoyuan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei, Taiwan.
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Haruyama N, Nakayama M, Fukui A, Yoshitomi R, Tsuruya K, Nakano T, Kitazono T. Sex differences in the association between urate metabolism and kidney outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease. Clin Exp Nephrol 2023; 27:687-700. [PMID: 37115380 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-023-02355-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between serum uric acid (SUA) concentration and kidney outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is controversial. Furthermore, there are no reports regarding the association of clearance of uric acid (CUA) with kidney outcomes. We aimed to determine whether SUA or CUA was associated with kidney outcomes in patients with CKD stratified by sex. METHODS The present prospective study was conducted in 815 patients (523 men and 292 women) with CKD. The participants were divided into quartiles (Q1-Q4) of SUA or CUA for each sex. Endpoints were defined as a composite of doubling of serum creatinine (SCr), end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), or death (outcome 1) and a composite of doubling of SCr or ESKD (outcome 2). RESULTS During a median follow-up of 2.5 years, outcomes 1 and 2 occurred in 363 and 321 patients, respectively. Multivariable-adjusted Cox analyses showed that in men, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for outcome 1 of Q1, Q2, and Q3 of CUA were 2.08 (1.18-3.70), 2.03 (1.22-3.39), and 1.85 (1.17-2.95), respectively, compared with Q4. Additionally, there were similar associations between lower CUA quartiles and outcome 2 in men. However, no associations between SUA and either outcome were observed in men. Conversely, in women, neither SUA nor CUA was associated with an outcome. CONCLUSION In CKD, lower CUA was independently associated with poor kidney outcomes only in men, and in both sexes, there was no association of SUA with kidney outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Haruyama
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, 1-8-1 Jigyohama, Chuo-Ku, Fukuoka, 810-8563, Japan
| | - Masaru Nakayama
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, 1-8-1 Jigyohama, Chuo-Ku, Fukuoka, 810-8563, Japan.
| | - Akiko Fukui
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, 1-8-1 Jigyohama, Chuo-Ku, Fukuoka, 810-8563, Japan
| | - Ryota Yoshitomi
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, 1-8-1 Jigyohama, Chuo-Ku, Fukuoka, 810-8563, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Tsuruya
- Department of Nephrology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Nakano
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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9
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Damiani E. Arthur Conan Doyle, Sherlock Holmes, and gout. Reumatismo 2023; 75. [PMID: 37462127 DOI: 10.4081/reumatismo.2023.1570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Arthur Conan Doyle, the creator of Sherlock Holmes, was an experienced physician who treated gouty patients. A gouty character appears in The Adventure of the Missing Three-Quarter, a Sherlock Holmes novel. This offers the possibility of discussing gout from the peculiar perspective of a medical writer in light of the historical-medical context of the time. This study was conducted using Conan Doyle's autobiographical, scientific, and literary primary sources, as well as past and current medical literature. The Adventure of the Missing Three-Quarter was autobiographical. Conan Doyle himself was a rugby player and his wife died of tuberculosis. Furthermore, in 1884, in The Lancet, he described the hereditary case of a female gouty patient, presenting with ocular manifestations. In agreement with the concept of rich man's gout, the gouty patient of Sherlock Holmes' story, Lord Mount James, was a rich irascible noble but he was not addicted to the pleasures of food and sex. Following the usual funny representation of gouty patients, Conan Doyle made fun of Lord Mount James, but he misquoted a true case of gout cited in the literature. In his scientific and literary production on gout, Conan Doyle stuck to the most updated medical concepts of the time, demonstrating an uncommon knowledge of scientific literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Damiani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Padua.
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10
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Li H, Zhou Y, Wu Y, Jiang Y, Bao H, Peng A, Shao Y. Real-time and accurate calibration detection of gout stones based on terahertz and Raman spectroscopy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1218927. [PMID: 37520298 PMCID: PMC10374424 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1218927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gout is a metabolic disease that can result in the formation of gout stones. It is essential to promptly identify and confirm the type of gout stone to alleviate pain and inflammation in patients and prevent complications associated with gout stones. Traditional detection methods, such as X-ray, ultrasound, CT scanning, and blood uric acid measurement, have limitations in early diagnosis. Therefore, this article aims to explore the use of micro Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy systems to detect gout stone samples. Through comparative analysis, Terahertz technology and Raman spectroscopy have been found to provide chemical composition and molecular structure information of different wavebands of samples. By combining these two technologies, faster and more comprehensive analysis and characterization of samples can be achieved. In the future, handheld portable integrated testing instruments will be developed to improve the efficiency and accuracy of testing. Furthermore, this article proposes establishing a spectral database of gout stones and urinary stones by combining Raman spectroscopy and Terahertz spectroscopy. This database would provide accurate and comprehensive technical support for the rapid diagnosis of gout in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative Innovation Center, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfang Jiang
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Bao
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ai Peng
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongni Shao
- Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative Innovation Center, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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11
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Dudala SS, T.C. V, A VN, D JB. Modeling and optimization of uricase production from a novel Pseudomonas mosselii using response surface methodology and artificial neural network. BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13399-023-04468-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
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12
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Qiao P, Sun Y, Wang Y, Lin S, An Y, Wang L, Liu J, Huang Y, Yang B, Zhou H. Activation of NRF2 Signaling Pathway Delays the Progression of Hyperuricemic Nephropathy by Reducing Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051022. [PMID: 37237889 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia (HUA)-induced oxidative stress is a crucial contributor to hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN), but the molecular mechanisms underlying the disturbed redox homeostasis in kidneys remain elusive. Using RNA sequencing, together with biochemical analyses, we found that nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) expression and nuclear localization levels were increased in early HN progression and then gradually declined below the baseline level. We identified the impaired activity of the NRF2-activated antioxidant pathway as a driver of oxidative damage in HN progression. Through nrf2 deletion, we further confirmed aggravated kidney damage in nrf2 knockout HN mice compared with HN mice. In contrast, the pharmacological agonist of NRF2 improved kidney function and alleviated renal fibrosis in mice. Mechanistically, the activation of NRF2 signaling reduced oxidative stress by restoring mitochondrial homeostasis and reducing NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) expression in vivo or in vitro. Moreover, the activation of NRF2 promoted the expression levels of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and enhanced the antioxidant capacity of cells. Furthermore, the activation of NRF2 ameliorated renal fibrosis in HN mice through the downregulation of the transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) signaling pathway and ultimately delayed the progression of HN. Collectively, these results suggested NRF2 as a key regulator in improving mitochondrial homeostasis and fibrosis in renal tubular cells by reducing oxidative stress, upregulating the antioxidant signaling pathway, and downregulating the TGF-β1 signaling pathway. The activation of NRF2 represents a promising strategy to restore redox homeostasis and combat HN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panshuang Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Simei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yongpan An
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jihan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yajun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Baoxue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Department of the Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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13
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Verstappen G, Michel O, Halewyck S, Topsakal V, Pössneck A. Infected nasal gout tophus: A case report. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e6695. [PMCID: PMC9743314 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.6695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gout is a common form of inflammatory arthritis, characterized by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals. If chronically present and not adequately treated by serum urate reducers, gout tophi can develop at various locations. Here, we report the first infected gout tophus at the septal cartilage and nasal tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gill Verstappen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology ‐ Head and Neck SurgeryUniversitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Olaf Michel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology ‐ Head and Neck SurgeryUniversitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Stijn Halewyck
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology ‐ Head and Neck SurgeryUniversitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Vedat Topsakal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology ‐ Head and Neck SurgeryUniversitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Antje Pössneck
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology ‐ Head and Neck SurgeryUniversitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
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14
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Fernández-Torres J, Martínez-Nava GA, Martínez-Flores K, Sánchez-Sánchez R, Jara LJ, Zamudio-Cuevas Y. The interplay between HLA-B and NLRP3 polymorphisms may be associated with the genetic susceptibility of gout. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10205-10215. [PMID: 36057006 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07895-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HLA and NLRP3 play an important role in the development of various autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. Gout is an autoinflammatory disease associated with multiple genetic and environmental factors. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the interaction and association between genetic polymorphisms of HLA-B and the NLRP3 gene in Mexican patients with gout. METHODS AND RESULTS Eighty-one patients with gout were included and compared with 95 healthy subjects. The polymorphisms rs4349859, rs116488202, rs2734583 and rs3099844 (within the HLA-B region) and rs3806268 and rs10754558 of the NLRP3 gene were genotyped using TaqMan probes in a Rotor-Gene device. The interactions were determined using the multifactorial dimensionality reduction (MDR) method, while the associations were determined through logistic regression models. The MDR analysis revealed significant interactions between the rs116488202 and rs10754558 polymorphisms with an entropy value of 4.31% (p < 0.0001). Significant risk associations were observed with rs4349859 and rs116488202 polymorphisms (p < 0.01); however, no significant associations were observed with the polymorphisms of the NLRP3 gene. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that HLA-B polymorphisms and their interaction with NLRP3 may contribute to the genetic susceptibility of gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Fernández-Torres
- Laboratorio de Líquido Sinovial, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Mexico City, Mexico.,Biology Department, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Karina Martínez-Flores
- Laboratorio de Líquido Sinovial, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roberto Sánchez-Sánchez
- Unidad de Ingeniería de Tejidos, Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis J Jara
- Rheumatology Division, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yessica Zamudio-Cuevas
- Laboratorio de Líquido Sinovial, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Mexico City, Mexico.
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15
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Abujbara M, Al Hourani HM, Al-Raoush RI, Khader YS, Ajlouni K. Prevalence of Hyperuricemia and Associated Factors Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Jordan. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:6611-6619. [PMID: 35996596 PMCID: PMC9392551 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s376857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies showed variable estimate of the prevalence of hyperuricemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The prevalence of hyperuricemia and associated risk factors in Jordanian patients with T2DM is largely unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of hyperuricemia and its associated factors in Jordanian patients with T2DM. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 655 patients with T2DM. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data. In addition, records of the study subjects were reviewed to obtain other clinical data. Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured, and body mass index was calculated. Lipid profile, serum uric acid and glycated haemoglobin were analysed. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. An informed written consent was obtained from each participant. The confidentiality of the information was assured and only used for scientific purposes. Results Overall, the prevalence of hyperuricemia was 28.1%. Female gender (OR: 2.37; 95%, CI: 1.63–3.45), intake of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin-II receptor blockers (ARBs) (OR: 1.68; 95%, CI: 1.12–2.50), intake of β-blockers (OR: 2.20; 95%, CI: 1.51–3.22), increased waist circumference (OR: 3.17; 95%, CI: 1.39–7.22) and family history of hyperuricemia (OR: 2.56; 95%, CI: 1.57–4.16) were associated with increased odds of hyperuricemia. Conclusion Hyperuricemia was high among type 2 diabetic patients, and screening test will be useful for those patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Abujbara
- The National Centre (Institute) for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Huda M Al Hourani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Reem Ibrahim Al-Raoush
- The National Centre (Institute) for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yousef S Khader
- Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan
| | - Kamel Ajlouni
- The National Centre (Institute) for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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16
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Broderick L, Hoffman HM. IL-1 and autoinflammatory disease: biology, pathogenesis and therapeutic targeting. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2022; 18:448-463. [PMID: 35729334 PMCID: PMC9210802 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-022-00797-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Over 20 years ago, it was first proposed that autoinflammation underpins a handful of rare monogenic disorders characterized by recurrent fever and systemic inflammation. The subsequent identification of novel, causative genes directly led to a better understanding of how the innate immune system is regulated under normal conditions, as well as its dysregulation associated with pathogenic mutations. Early on, IL-1 emerged as a central mediator for these diseases, based on data derived from patient cells, mutant mouse models and definitive clinical responses to IL-1 targeted therapy. Since that time, our understanding of the mechanisms of autoinflammation has expanded beyond IL-1 to additional innate immune processes. However, the number and complexity of IL-1-mediated autoinflammatory diseases has also multiplied to include additional monogenic syndromes with expanded genotypes and phenotypes, as well as more common polygenic disorders seen frequently by the practising clinician. In order to increase physician awareness and update rheumatologists who are likely to encounter these patients, this review discusses the general pathophysiological concepts of IL-1-mediated autoinflammation, the epidemiological and clinical features of specific diseases, diagnostic challenges and approaches, and current and future perspectives for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori Broderick
- Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Department of Paediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Hal M Hoffman
- Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Department of Paediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA.
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17
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Shen J, Xie Z, Liu Y, Zhao T, Li Z, Ren Y, Xi Y, Xiao N, Yang X, Shao S, Qin D, Peng J, Li Z. Aberrant messenger RNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is associated with gouty arthritis. Int J Rheum Dis 2022; 25:1152-1163. [PMID: 35906742 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Gouty arthritis (GA) is a type of self-limiting inflammatory arthritis caused by deposition of monosodium urate (MSU). This study aimed to analyze the expression variation of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in GA patients and investigated the role of mRNAs in GA pathogenesis. METHODS Five patients with acute GA (AGA), 5 with non-acute GA (NAGA), and 5 healthy controls (HC) were recruited to examine differential mRNA expression profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and explore whether mRNA is involved in the pathogenesis of AGA. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases were used to study the biological functions of differentially expressed mRNA and the relationship between genes and signal pathways. RESULTS Compared with HC, the AGA group had 1456 differentially expressed mRNAs, while the NAGA group had 437 differentially expressed mRNAs and compared with the NAGA group, 115 differentially expressed mRNAs were found in the AGA group. GO analysis showed that the differentially expressed mRNA in the AGA group was mainly enriched in processes related to leukocyte activation and immune response, while KEGG analysis showed that "Staphylococcus aureus infection" and "Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction" are enriched in the up-regulated mRNAs in the AGA group. CONCLUSION This study identified genes and pathways that are differentially expressed during the onset of AGA, which might reveal part of the pathogenesis of the disease and provide clues to explaining the severe pain associated with disease onset and the rapid development of inflammatory response that subsides by itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Shen
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Zhaohu Xie
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Zhenming Li
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yifei Ren
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yujiang Xi
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Niqing Xiao
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Shuiyan Shao
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Dongdong Qin
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Jiangyun Peng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Zhaofu Li
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
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18
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Zhao J, Guo S, Schrodi SJ, He D. Trends in the Contribution of Genetic Susceptibility Loci to Hyperuricemia and Gout and Associated Novel Mechanisms. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:937855. [PMID: 35813212 PMCID: PMC9259951 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.937855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia and gout are complex diseases mediated by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental exposure interactions. The incidence and medical burden of gout, an inflammatory arthritis caused by hyperuricemia, increase every year, significantly increasing the disease burden. Genetic factors play an essential role in the development of hyperuricemia and gout. Currently, the search on disease-associated genetic variants through large-scale genome-wide scans has primarily improved our understanding of this disease. However, most genome-wide association studies (GWASs) still focus on the basic level, whereas the biological mechanisms underlying the association between genetic variants and the disease are still far from well understood. Therefore, we summarized the latest hyperuricemia- and gout-associated genetic loci identified in the Global Biobank Meta-analysis Initiative (GBMI) and elucidated the comprehensive potential molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of these gene variants in hyperuricemia and gout based on genetic perspectives, in terms of mechanisms affecting uric acid excretion and reabsorption, lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, and nod-like receptor pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and inflammatory pathways. Finally, we summarized the potential effect of genetic variants on disease prognosis and drug efficacy. In conclusion, we expect that this summary will increase our understanding of the pathogenesis of hyperuricemia and gout, provide a theoretical basis for the innovative development of new clinical treatment options, and enhance the capabilities of precision medicine for hyperuricemia and gout treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shicheng Guo
- Computation and Informatics in Biology and Medicine, University of WI-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of WI-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Steven J. Schrodi
- Computation and Informatics in Biology and Medicine, University of WI-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of WI-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Dongyi He
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- Arthritis Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Shanghai Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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19
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Ye J, Zeng Z, Chen Y, Wu Z, Yang Q, Sun T. Examining an Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms with Hyperuricemia in Chinese Flight Attendants. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2022; 15:589-602. [PMID: 35702613 PMCID: PMC9188807 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s364206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Both genetic and environmental factors strongly affect serum uric acid (SUA) concentrations. The incidence of hyperuricemia tends to be younger in the Chinese population. In particular, we have found a high prevalence of hyperuricemia among Chinese flight attendants, aged from 20 to 40, in our survey. This study aims to evaluate whether there is an association between gene polymorphisms and hyperuricemia among Chinese flight attendants. Methods A total of 532 flight attendants with high and normal serum uric acid levels were recruited. Allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) was performed using blood samples of enrolled subjects. Results Previous studies have reported single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are tightly associated with uric acid levels. Among them, six SNPs that are strongly associated with SUA or gout in Asians, for instance ABCG2 (rs2231142, rs72552713 and rs2231137), GCKR (rs780094), SLC2A9 (rs1014290) and SLC17A1 (rs1183201), were selected for AS-PCR analyses. We found that SNPs such as ABCG2 rs2231142, GCKR rs780094 and SLC2A9 rs1014290 are strongly associated with hyperuricemia in male flight attendants, and SLC2A9 rs1014290 among female flight attendants. Conclusion Our study provides evidences of an association between SNPs and hyperuricemia in the Chinese flight attendants, and highlights the significance of improving diagnostics and prevention of disease development in uric acid metabolism disorders and gout using these SNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianpin Ye
- Outpatient Department Laboratory, Xiamen Aviation, Xiamen, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Zeng
- Center for Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxian Chen
- Taokang Institute of Neuro Medicine, Xiamen, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenkun Wu
- Taokang Institute of Neuro Medicine, Xiamen, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingwei Yang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Sun
- Center for Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Tao Sun, Center for Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, People’s Republic of China, Email
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20
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Zhou J, Yuan Y, Xu P, Yi B, Chen H, Su W. Host-Population Microbial Diversity Scaling of Chinese Gut Microbiomes in Gout Patients. Evol Bioinform Online 2022; 18:11769343221095858. [PMID: 35586773 PMCID: PMC9109170 DOI: 10.1177/11769343221095858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gout is a prevalent chronic inflammatory disease that affects the life of tens of millions of people worldwide, and it typically presents as gout arthritis, gout stone, or even kidney damage. Research has revealed its connection with the gut microbiome, although exact mechanism is still unclear. Studies have shown the decline of microbiome diversity in gout patients and change of microbiome compositions between the gout patients and healthy controls. Nevertheless, how diversity changes across host individuals at a cohort (population) level has not been investigated to the best of our knowledge. Here we apply the diversity-area relationship (DAR), which is an extension to the classic SAR (species-area relationship) and establishes the power-function model between microbiome diversity and the number of individuals within cohort, to comparatively investigate diversity scaling (changes) of gut microbiome in gout patients and healthy controls. The DAR modeling with a study involving 83 subjects (41 gout patients) revealed that the potential number of microbial species in gout patients is only 70% of that in the healthy control (2790 vs 3900) although the difference may not be statistically significant. The other DAR parameters including diversity scaling and similarity parameters did not show statistically significant differences. We postulate that the high resilience of gut microbiome may explain the lack of significant gout-disease effects on gut microbial diversity at the population level. The lack of statistically significant difference between the gout patients and healthy controls at host population (cohort) level is different from the previous findings at individual level in the existing literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieshang Zhou
- People's Hospital of Dingxi City, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Lanzhou University Medical School, Dingxi, China
| | - Yali Yuan
- People's Hospital of Dingxi City, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Lanzhou University Medical School, Dingxi, China.,College of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University Medical School, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengli Xu
- College of Graduate Studies, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Bin Yi
- College of Mathematics, Honghe University, Mengzi, Yunnan, China
| | - Hongju Chen
- College of Mathematics, Honghe University, Mengzi, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei Su
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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Yang F, Lu Y, Chen S, Wang K, Hu T, Cui H. Sex-specific effect of serum urate levels on coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction prevention: A Mendelian randomization study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:1266-1274. [PMID: 35197211 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Observational studies have examined serum urate levels in relation to coronary heart disease (CHD) and myocardial infarction (MI). Whether these associations are causal remains controversial, due to confounding factors and reverse causality. We aim to investigate the causality of these associations using Mendelian randomization method. METHODS AND RESULTS Instrumental variables were obtained from the largest genome-wide association studies of serum urate (457,690 individuals) to date. Summary statistics were from CARDIoGRAMplusC4D consortium (60,801 CHD cases; 43,676 MI cases), FinnGen (21,012 CHD cases; 12,801 MI cases), UK Biobank (10,157 CHD cases; 7018 MI cases), and Biobank Japan (29,319 CHD cases). Inverse-variance weighted method was applied as the main results. Other statistical methods and reverse MR analysis were conducted in the supplementary analyses. Elevated genetically determined serum urate levels were associated with increased risks of CHD and MI. The association pattern remained for the datasets in FinnGen, the combined results of three independent data sources (CHD: odds ratio (OR), 1.10; 95%CI, 1.06-1.15; p = 4.2 × 10-6; MI: OR, 1.12; 95%CI, 1.07-1.18; p = 2.7 × 10-6), and East Asian population. Interestingly, sex-specific subgroup analyses revealed that these associations kept in men only, but not among women in individuals of European ancestry. No consistent evidence was found for the causal effect of CHD or MI on serum urate levels. CONCLUSION We provide consistent evidence for the causal effect of genetically predicted serum urate levels on CHD and MI, but not the reverse effect. Urate-lowering therapy may be of cardiovascular benefit in the prevention of CHD and MI, especially for men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangkun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University (Ningbo First Hospital), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunlong Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Songzan Chen
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Teng Hu
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hanbin Cui
- Cardiology Center, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
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22
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Zhang Y, Yang R, Dove A, Li X, Yang H, Li S, Wang J, Li WD, Zhao H, Xu W, Wang Y. Healthy lifestyle counteracts the risk effect of genetic factors on incident gout: a large population-based longitudinal study. BMC Med 2022; 20:138. [PMID: 35484537 PMCID: PMC9052486 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02341-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk genes linked to the development of gout have been identified, and lifestyle factors are related to gout risk. It remains unclear whether healthy lifestyle factors can mitigate the genetic risk of gout. Therefore, we aimed to explore whether and to what extent a healthy lifestyle can mitigate the risk of gout related to genetic factors. METHODS Within the UK Biobank, 416,481 gout-free participants (aged 37-74) were identified at baseline. Polygenic risk for gout was assessed and categorized as low (lowest tertile), middle (tertile 2), and high (highest tertile). Healthy lifestyle factors included no/moderate alcohol consumption, no smoking, physical activity, and a healthy diet. Participants were categorized into three groups according to their number of healthy lifestyle factors: unfavorable (0 or 1), intermediate (any 2), and favorable (3 or 4). Data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS Over the follow-up (median: 12.1 years), 6206 participants developed gout. Compared to low genetic risk, the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of gout was 1.44 (1.35-1.54) for middle and 1.77 (1.66-1.89) for high genetic risk. The HRs (95% CIs) of gout were 0.63 (0.59-0.67) for a favorable lifestyle and 0.79 (0.75-0.85) for an intermediate lifestyle, compared to an unfavorable lifestyle. In joint effect analysis, compared to participants with low genetic predisposition and a favorable lifestyle, the HRs (95% CIs) of gout were 2.39 (2.12-2.70)/3.12 (2.79-3.52) in those with middle and high genetic predisposition plus unfavorable lifestyle profiles, and 1.53 (1.35-1.74)/1.98 (1.75-2.24) for those with middle and high genetic predisposition plus favorable lifestyle profiles, respectively. Moreover, compared to an unfavorable lifestyle, the HRs of gout related to a favorable lifestyle was 0.64 (95% CI, 0.56-0.73) for low genetic risk, 0.65 (95% CI, 0.58-0.72) for middle genetic risk, and 0.62 (95% CI, 0.57-0.69) for high genetic risk. There was a significant additive interaction between unfavorable lifestyle and high genetic risk on gout. CONCLUSIONS Healthy lifestyle was associated with a lower risk of gout and may attenuate the risk of gout related to genetic factors by almost a third.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road 22, Heping District, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongrong Yang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road 22, Heping District, 300070, Tianjin, China.,Public Health Science and Engineering College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Abigail Dove
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Health Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xuerui Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongxi Yang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road 22, Heping District, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Shu Li
- School of Management, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ju Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei-Dong Li
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Weili Xu
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Health Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yaogang Wang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road 22, Heping District, 300070, Tianjin, China. .,Public Health Science and Engineering College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
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23
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Park JS, Kim Y, Kang J. Genome-wide meta-analysis revealed several genetic loci associated with serum uric acid levels in Korean population: an analysis of Korea Biobank data. J Hum Genet 2022; 67:231-237. [PMID: 34719683 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-021-00991-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The serum uric acid (SUA) level is an important determinant of gout, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. Although previous genome-wide studies have identified multiple genetic variants associated with SUA, most genetic analyses have focused on individuals with European ancestry; thus, understanding of the genetic architecture of SUA is currently limited for Asian populations. We conducted a genome-wide meta-analysis based on Korea Biobank data consistent with three cohorts; namely, the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) Ansan and Ansung, KoGES Health Examinee, and KoGES Cardiovascular Disease Association studies. In total, 60,585 participants aged ≥40 years were included in the analysis of the three cohorts. We used logistic regression analyses to perform genome-wide association study (GWAS) adjustments for confounding variables. Subsequently, a meta-analysis was conducted by combining the analyses of the three GWASs. We identified 8,105 variants at 22 genetic loci with a P value < 5 × 10-8. Among these, six novel genetic loci associated with SUA in the Korean population were identified (rs4715517 in HCRTR2, rs145099458 in 3.2 kb 3' of MLXIPL, rs1137642 in B4GALT1, rs659107 in LOC105378410, rs7919329 in LOC107984274, and rs2240751 in MFSD12). Our meta-analysis provides insights into the genetic architecture of SUA in the Korean population. Further studies are warranted to replicate the study results and elucidate the specific role of these variants in SUA homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sung Park
- Department of Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunkyung Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihun Kang
- Department of Family Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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Alghubayshi A, Edelman A, Alrajeh K, Roman Y. Genetic assessment of hyperuricemia and gout in Asian, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander subgroups of pregnant women: biospecimens repository cross-sectional study. BMC Rheumatol 2022; 6:1. [PMID: 34986901 PMCID: PMC8734301 DOI: 10.1186/s41927-021-00239-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gout, an inflammatory condition, is characterized by the precipitation of monosodium urate crystals (MSU) in or around distal joints. The latter is caused by chronic hyperuricemia (HU)—high urate levels in the blood. Genetic variations in urate transporters play a significant role in determining urate levels within the human body, rendering some racial and ethnic groups more or less susceptible to developing either HU or gout. This study aims to estimate the frequencies of HU and gout risk alleles in Asian, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander subgroups, using biorepository DNA samples. Methods The biospecimens repository at the University of Hawai’i provided DNA samples of consented post-partum women of Japanese, Filipino, Korean, Native Hawaiian, Samoan, and Marshallese descent. The DNA was previously extracted from maternal blood and genotyped at the Genomics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Cancer Center (Honolulu, HI). Nine urate genes: ABCG2, SLC2A9, SLC16A9, GCKR, SLC22A11, SLC22A12, LRR16A, PDZK1, and SLC17A1, were selected due to their significant association with HU and gout risk. Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) for genotype frequencies was assessed, using the Chi-Square test with p < 0.006 for statistical significance. Allele frequencies in our study were then compared to EUR from the 1000 Genomes Project Database Phase III, using Chi-square or Fisher's exact test, when appropriate. Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was used, with p < 0.006 for statistical significance. Results Our study involved 1059 post-partum women 18-year-old or older who self-reported their respective race and ethnicity, including Asian, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander ancestry. The Asian subgroups included Japanese, Filipino, and Korean. The Pacific Islander subgroups included Marshallese and Samoan. None of the study participants had a history of gout. We excluded the PDZK1 gene from the final analysis due to its deviation from HWE (p < 0.006) across all the population subgroups, with eight loci remaining for cross-subgroup comparisons. Compared to EUR, the genetic polymorphism frequencies were significantly different-8/8 in Japanese, 6/8 in Korean, 6/8 in Filipino, 8/8 in Samoan, 6/8 in Native Hawaiian, and 6/8 in Marshallese. HU and gout risk alleles indices were 8, 6, 5, 5, 4, and 4 in Japanese, Filipino, Korean, Samoan, Marshallese, and Native Hawaiian, respectively. The percentage of cumulative risk alleles was 100% in both Japanese and Filipino, followed by 83.5% in Korean. Conclusions Compared to EUR, Asian subgroups, particularly Japanese, Filipino, and Korean, had the highest percentage of the cumulative uric acid risk alleles. These results could partly explain the increased risk of developing gout among some Asian ancestral subgroups compared to EUR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alghubayshi
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298-0533, USA
| | - Alison Edelman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Khalifa Alrajeh
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298-0533, USA
| | - Youssef Roman
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298-0533, USA.
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25
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Gu J, Yue H, Wang C, Zhang H, Hu W, Zhang Z. Vitamin D pathway gene variation rs3740165 is associated with serological uric acid levels in healthy Chinese women. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1059964. [PMID: 36583005 PMCID: PMC9792855 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1059964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the relationship between gene polymorphisms involved in the vitamin D metabolic pathway and serum uric acid (UA) levels in Chinese women. METHODS Fifteen key genes within the vitamin D metabolic pathway were screened using 96 single nucleotide polymorphisms in a group of 1,206 (37.96 ± 13.08 years) unrelated healthy Chinese women (aged 20-85 years). Blood and urine tests were performed at the same time. The Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney test was used to compare groups aged ≤50 years and >50 years. The mean serum UA values were computed within each group of homozygous referent, heterozygous, and homozygous variant genotypes for each single nucleotide polymorphism. RESULTS The exclusion process left 1,169 participants (38.16 ± 13.13 years) for analysis. One single nucleotide polymorphism in the CUBN gene (rs3740165) was identified as being significantly associated with serum UA levels in the group aged over 50 years. The wild type (C/C) population had higher serum UA levels in this group (P<0.001). In women aged over 50 years, allele C was associated with a higher risk of hyperuricemia than allele T (odds ratio 2.752, 95% confidence interval 1.458-5.192; P = 0.002). There was also a higher risk of hyperuricemia in genotype TC + CC compared with genotype TT (odds ratio 3.326, 95% confidence interval 1.513-7.313; P = 0.003) in women over 50 years of age. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the CUBN gene contributes to variability in serum UA levels in healthy Chinese Han women over 50 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiemei Gu
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Yue
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Hu
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenlin Zhang
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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26
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Yee SW, Giacomini KM. Emerging Roles of the Human Solute Carrier 22 Family. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 50:DMD-MR-2021-000702. [PMID: 34921098 PMCID: PMC9488978 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The human Solute Carrier 22 family (SLC22), also termed the organic ion transporter family, consists of 28 distinct multi-membrane spanning proteins, which phylogenetically cluster together according to their charge specificity for organic cations (OCTs), organic anions (OATs) and organic zwitterion/cations (OCTNs). Some SLC22 family members are well characterized in terms of their substrates, transport mechanisms and expression patterns, as well as their roles in human physiology and pharmacology, whereas others remain orphans with no known ligands. Pharmacologically, SLC22 family members play major roles as determinants of the absorption and disposition of many prescription drugs, and several including the renal transporters, OCT2, OAT1 and OAT3 are targets for many clinically important drug-drug interactions. In addition, mutations in some of these transporters (SLC22A5 (OCTN2) and SLC22A12 (URAT1) lead to rare monogenic disorders. Genetic polymorphisms in SLC22 transporters have been associated with common human disease, drug response and various phenotypic traits. Three members in this family were deorphaned in very recently: SLC22A14, SLC22A15 and SLC22A24, and found to transport specific compounds such as riboflavin (SLC22A14), anti-oxidant zwitterions (SLC22A15) and steroid conjugates (SLC22A24). Their physiologic and pharmacological roles need further investigation. This review aims to summarize the substrates, expression patterns and transporter mechanisms of individual SLC22 family members and their roles in human disease and drug disposition and response. Gaps in our understanding of SLC22 family members are described. Significance Statement In recent years, three members of the SLC22 family of transporters have been deorphaned and found to play important roles in the transport of diverse solutes. New research has furthered our understanding of the mechanisms, pharmacological roles, and clinical impact of SLC22 transporters. This minireview provides overview of SLC22 family members of their physiologic and pharmacologic roles, the impact of genetic variants in the SLC22 family on disease and drug response, and summary of recent studies deorphaning SLC22 family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook Wah Yee
- Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Univerity of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Kathleen M Giacomini
- Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Univerity of California, San Francisco, United States
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27
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Ramdhan RS, Hade NA, Algafari RN. Association of multiple SNPs at slc2a9 exon 8 in gout disease in Iraqi population: A molecular study. Meta Gene 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2021.100942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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28
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Kafle OP, Wang X, Cheng S, Ding M, Li P, Cheng B, Liang X, Liu L, Du Y, Ma M, Zhang L, Zhao Y, Wen Y, Zhang F. Genetic Correlation Analysis and Transcriptome-wide Association Study Suggest the Overlapped Genetic Mechanism between Gout and Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2021; 66:1077-1084. [PMID: 33155823 PMCID: PMC8689453 DOI: 10.1177/0706743720970844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gout is a common inflammatory arthritis, which is caused by hyperuricemia. Limited efforts have been paid to systematically explore the relationships between gout and common psychiatric disorders. METHODS Genome-wide association study summary data of gout were obtained from the GeneATLAS, which contained 452,264 participants including 3,528 gout cases. Linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) was first conducted to evaluate the genetic relationships between gout and 5 common psychiatric disorders. Transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) was then conducted to explore the potential biological mechanism underlying the observed genetic correlation between gout and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery online functional annotation system was applied for pathway enrichment analysis and gene ontology enrichment analysis. RESULTS LDSC analysis observed significant genetic correlation between gout and ADHD (genetic correlation coefficients = 0.29, standard error = 0.09 and P value = 0.0015). Further TWAS of gout identified 105 genes with P value < 0.05 in muscle skeleton and 228 genes with P value < 0.05 in blood. TWAS of ADHD also detected 300 genes with P value < 0.05 in blood. Further comparing the TWAS results identified 9 common candidate genes shared by gout and ADHD, such as CD300C (Pgout = 0.0040; PADHD = 0.0226), KDM6B (Pgout = 0.0074; PADHD = 0.0460), and BST1 (Pgout = 0.0349; PADHD = 0.03560). CONCLUSION We observed genetic correlation between gout and ADHD and identified multiple candidate genes for gout and ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Prakash Kafle
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,The two authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,The two authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Shiqiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Miao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bolun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanan Du
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Obesity and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: From Childhood to Adulthood. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114176. [PMID: 34836431 PMCID: PMC8624977 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a major epidemic in the 21st century. It increases the risk of dyslipidemia, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes, which are known cardiometabolic risk factors and components of the metabolic syndrome. Although overt cardiovascular (CV) diseases such as stroke or myocardial infarction are the domain of adulthood, it is evident that the CV continuum begins very early in life. Recognition of risk factors and early stages of CV damage, at a time when these processes are still reversible, and the development of prevention strategies are major pillars in reducing CV morbidity and mortality in the general population. In this review, we will discuss the role of well-known but also novel risk factors linking obesity and increased CV risk from prenatal age to adulthood, including the role of perinatal factors, diet, nutrigenomics, and nutri-epigenetics, hyperuricemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and cardiorespiratory fitness. The importance of 'tracking' of these risk factors on adult CV health is highlighted and the economic impact of childhood obesity as well as preventive strategies are discussed.
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30
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Kimura Y, Tsukui D, Kono H. Uric Acid in Inflammation and the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212394. [PMID: 34830282 PMCID: PMC8624633 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is a common metabolic syndrome. Elevated uric acid levels are risk factors for gout, hypertension, and chronic kidney diseases. Furthermore, various epidemiological studies have also demonstrated an association between cardiovascular risks and hyperuricemia. In hyperuricemia, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced simultaneously with the formation of uric acid by xanthine oxidases. Intracellular uric acid has also been reported to promote the production of ROS. The ROS and the intracellular uric acid itself regulate several intracellular signaling pathways, and alterations in these pathways may result in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. In this review, we describe the effect of uric acid on various molecular signals and the potential mechanisms of atherosclerosis development in hyperuricemia. Furthermore, we discuss the efficacy of treatments for hyperuricemia to protect against the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Kimura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Teikyo University of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan; (Y.K.); (D.T.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Teikyo University of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tsukui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Teikyo University of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan; (Y.K.); (D.T.)
| | - Hajime Kono
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Teikyo University of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan; (Y.K.); (D.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3964-1211
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Interaction of Alcohol Consumption and ABCG2 rs2231142 Variant Contributes to Hyperuricemia in a Taiwanese Population. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11111158. [PMID: 34834509 PMCID: PMC8618280 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: ABCG2 rs2231142 is an important genetic factor that contributes to the development of gout and hyperuricemia (HUA). Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that lifestyle risk factors of HUA (e.g., alcohol consumption) and genetic predisposition (e.g., ABCG2 gene) together, contribute to enhanced serum uric acid levels. However, the interaction between ABCG2 rs2231142, alcohol consumption, and HUA in the Taiwanese population is still unclear. Therefore, this study investigated whether the risk of HUA is associated with ABCG2 rs2231142 variants and how this is affected by alcohol consumption. Method: study subjects were selected from the participants of the Taiwan Biobank database. Overall, 114,540 participants aged 30 to 70 years were enrolled in this study. The interaction between ABCG2 rs2231142, alcohol consumption, and serum uric acid (sUA) levels was analyzed by multiple logistic regression models. Results: the prevalence of HUA was 32.7% and 4.4 % in the male and female populations, respectively. In the whole study population, the minor T allele of ABCG2 rs2231142 was significantly associated with HUA risk, and the occurrence of HUA was high in TT genotype and TG genotype. The risk of HUA was significantly increased by the combined association of ABCG2 rs2231142 and alcohol consumption for TG/TT genotype compared to the GG genotype (wild-type genotype), especially among women. Conclusion: the ABCG2 rs2231142 is a crucial genetic locus for sUA levels in the Taiwanese population and our findings revealed that alcohol consumption combined with the ABCG2 rs2231142 risk allele contributes to increased HUA risk.
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Hyperuricemia and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Review from Physiology and Pathogenesis to the Role of Urate-Lowering Therapy. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11091674. [PMID: 34574015 PMCID: PMC8466342 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between hyperuricemia, gout, and renal disease has been investigated for several years. From the beginning, kidney disease has been considered a complication of gout; however, the viewpoints changed, claiming that hypertension and elevated uric acid (UA) levels are caused by decreased urate excretion in patients with renal impairment. To date, several examples of evidence support the role of hyperuricemia in cardiovascular or renal diseases. Several mechanisms have been identified that explain the relationship between hyperuricemia and chronic kidney disease, including the crystal effect, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation, nitric oxide synthesis inhibition, and intracellular oxidative stress stimulation, and urate-lowering therapy (ULT) has been proven to reduce renal disease progression in the past few years. In this comprehensive review, the source and physiology of UA are introduced, and the mechanisms that explain the reciprocal relationship between hyperuricemia and kidney disease are reviewed. Lastly, current evidence supporting the use of ULT to postpone renal disease progression in patients with hyperuricemia and gout are summarized.
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A Multidisciplinary Approach for Tophi Wounds Caused by Glycogen Storage Disease Type 1a: A Rare Case. Adv Skin Wound Care 2021; 34:1-5. [PMID: 34415259 DOI: 10.1097/01.asw.0000767328.20751.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) are a group of rare inherited metabolic disorders caused by enzyme deficiencies in glycogen catabolism. The more common type, GSD type Ia, is caused by glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency and often complicated by gout from hyperuricemia. Here, the authors report a rare case of a tophi wound caused by GSD type Ia in a Chinese patient. Difficulties in this case included the control of abnormal blood markers, especially uric acid; removal of tophi deposited in the tissues; restoration of hand function after wound healing; and patient adherence to treatment and follow-up. A multidisciplinary team was set up consisting of experts from the authors' wound care center and the departments of endocrinology, orthopedics, and rehabilitation. The wound healed in 53 days and was followed up for about 7 months. During follow-up, the patient's hand function returned to normal, and no new tophi formed. Because GSDs are a congenital lifelong condition, regular follow-ups are especially important.
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Liu X, Qiu Y, Li D, Tan J, Liang X, Qin W. Effectiveness of Drug Treatments for Lowering Uric Acid on Renal Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease and Hyperuricemia: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:690557. [PMID: 34413775 PMCID: PMC8369347 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.690557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hyperuricemia is very common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD); the role of hyperuricemia in the occurrence and progression of kidney disease remains an interesting and unresolved issue for nephrologists, and whether urate-lowering therapy (ULT) is warranted in CKD patients is still in controversy. To summarize and compare the clinical outcomes and adverse events (AEs) of three common ULT drugs, we performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Method: PubMed, MEDLINE, Clinical Trials.gov, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials electronic databases were searched. The network meta-analysis was performed using the "gemtc 0.8-7" and its dependent packages in R software. The primary outcome was the change of renal function and uric acid; creatinine, proteinuria, blood pressure, and adverse events were assessed as the secondary outcomes. Results: 16 RCTs involving 1,943 patients were included in the final network analysis. Febuxostat, allopurinol, and benzbromarone were not found to exert superior effects over placebo upon renoprotective effect. With respect to lowering urate, the three drugs showed to be statistically superior to placebo, while febuxostat could better lower urate than allopurinol (MD: -1.547; 95% CrI: -2.473 to -0.626). It is also indicated that febuxostat was superior to placebo at controlling blood pressure, while no differences were observed when allopurinol and benzbromarone were compared to placebo. These results are stable in subgroup analysis. Conclusion: There is insufficient evidence to support the renoprotective effects of the three urate-lowering agents in CKD patients with hyperuricemia; febuxostat shows a tendency to be superior to allopurinol on lowering the decline of eGFR and increment of proteinturia, but the difference does not reach a statistical significance. Regarding its urate-lowering effect, febuxostat appears to be a satisfactory alternative to allopurinol and benzbromarone, and can control blood pressure better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxuan Qiu
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Duohui Li
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaxing Tan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiuping Liang
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Clavijo-Cornejo D, Hernández-González O, Gutierrez M. The current role of NLRP3 inflammasome polymorphism in gout susceptibility. Int J Rheum Dis 2021; 24:1257-1265. [PMID: 34390315 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathway has an important role in inflammation mediated by monosodium urate crystals in gout, and the characterization of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have helped to recognize disease susceptibility. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the potential role of the inflammasome gene SNPs as a susceptibility factor for gout, discussing the current evidence available. METHODS This review analyzes the relevant literature in the field of inflammasome SNPs and gout published in the last 10 years. The systematic research was performed in 16 articles, including both the SNPs associated and those not associated with gout, with the goal to have a complete overview. RESULTS Sixty-nine SNPs from 10 different genes have been reported in the literature. Of these, 13 SNPs present association with gout susceptibility in different populations, while 56 have been established as not being associated with the disease. CONCLUSIONS This review is a summary of the potential role of inflammasome gene SNPs and their association with gout risk, all of them related with NLRP3 inflammasome signaling, suggesting these polymorphisms are susceptibility candidates and genetic markers for gout. From the 69 SNPs analyzed in the literature, 13 of them have been associated with gout as follows: NLRP3 (rs3806268 and rs10754558), CARD8 (rs2043211), TLR4 (rs2149356), CD14 (rs2569190), IL-1β (rs1143623), P2RX7 (rs2230911, rs1653624, rs7958316 and rs17525809) and PPARGC1B (rs45520937, rs10491360 and rs7712296) in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Clavijo-Cornejo
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Rheumatic Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Marwin Gutierrez
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Rheumatic Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Mexico City, Mexico
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36
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Xu J, Liu Y, Liu J, Shou Y, Xiong Z, Xiong H, Xu T, Wang Q, Liu D, Liang H, Yang H, Yang X, Zhang X. Low Expression Levels of SLC22A12 Indicates a Poor Prognosis and Progresses Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:659208. [PMID: 34249694 PMCID: PMC8262335 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.659208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) accounts for approximately 4/5 of all kidney cancers. Accumulation of minor changes in the cellular homeostasis may be one cause of ccRCC. Therefore, we downloaded the RNA sequencing and survival data of the kidney renal cell carcinoma (KIRC) cohort from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. After the univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, 19 kidney-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found. Solute Carrier Family 22 Member 12 (SLC22A12) resulted in an independent prognostic predictor for both overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). SLC22A12 expression was lower in tumoral tissue compared to normal tissue. Moreover, patients in the SLC22A12 low expression group had a higher pathological stage and worse survival than the high expression group. Additionally, qRT-PCR assay, immunoblotting test (IBT), and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses of cancer tissues/cells and the corresponding normal controls verified that SLC22A12 is downregulated in ccRCC. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves showed that the low expression level of SLC22A12 could be a good diagnostic marker for ccRCC (AUC=0.7258; p <0.0001). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that SLC22A12 expression levels are related to metabolism, cell cycle, and tumor-related signaling pathways. GO and KEGG analyses revealed that SLC22A12 transports multiple organic compounds, ions, and hormones and participates in the extracellular structure organization. Furthermore, SLC22A12 over-expression in vitro inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of renal cancer cells by regulating PI3K/Akt pathways. Such effects were reversed when knocking out SLC22A12. In summary, as a transporter for many vital metabolites, SLC22A12 may affect tumor cell survival through its impacts on the mentioned metabolites. In conclusion, this study uncovered that SLC22A12 is a promising prognostic and diagnostic biomarker for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaju Xu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuenan Liu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingchong Liu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Shou
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyong Xiong
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hairong Xiong
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianbo Xu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huageng Liang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongmei Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiong Yang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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Wu X, Chen X, Lyu X, Zheng H. Advances in Microbiome Detection Technologies and Application in Antirheumatic Drug Design. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:891-899. [PMID: 33308114 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201211114609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatic diseases are a kind of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease affecting the connection or supporting structures of the human body, such as the most common diseases Ankylosing spondylitis (AS), gout and Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Although the precise etiology and pathogenesis of the different types of rheumatic diseases remain mostly unknown, it is now commonly believed that these diseases are attributed to some complex interactions between genetics and environmental factors, especially the gut microbiome. Altered microbiome showed clinical improvement in disease symptoms and partially restored to normality after prescribing disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) or other treatment strategies. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing-based microbial profiling technology, especially metagenomics, have identified alteration of the composition and function of the gut microbiota in patients. Clinical and experimental data suggest that dysbiosis may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. In this paper, we provide a brief review of the advances in the microbial profiling technology and up-to-date resources for accurate taxonomic assignment of metagenomic reads, which is a key step for metagenomics studies. In addition, we review the altered gut microbiota signatures that have been reported so far across various studies, upon which diagnostics classification models can be constructed, and the drug-induced regulation of the host microbiota can be used to control disease progression and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics, Hangzhou Nuowei Information Technology, Co., Ltd. Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochen Lyu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Hangzhou Nuowei Information Technology, Co., Ltd. Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Bioinformatics, Hangzhou Nuowei Information Technology, Co., Ltd. Hangzhou, China
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Wu W, Wang W, Qi L, Wang Q, Yu L, Lin JM, Hu Q. Screening of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors by Liquid Crystal-Based Assay Assisted with Enzyme Catalysis-Induced Aptamer Release. Anal Chem 2021; 93:6151-6157. [PMID: 33826305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule drugs play an important role in the treatment of various diseases. The screening of enzyme inhibitors is one of the most important means in developing therapeutic drugs. Herein, we demonstrate a liquid crystal (LC)-based screening assay assisted with enzyme catalysis-induced aptamer release for screening xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitors. The oxidation of xanthine by XOD prevents the specific binding of xanthine and its aptamer, which induces a bright image of LCs. However, when XOD is inhibited, xanthine specifically binds to the aptamer. Correspondingly, LCs display a dark image. Three compounds are identified as potent XOD inhibitors by screening a small library of triazole derivatives using this method. Molecular docking verifies the occupation of the active site by the inhibitor, which also exhibits excellent biocompatibility to HEK293 cells and HeLa cells. This strategy takes advantages of the unique aptamer-target binding, specific enzymatic reaction, and simple LC-based screening assay, which allows high-throughput and label-free screening of inhibitors with high sensitivity and remarkable accuracy. Overall, this study provides a competent and promising approach to facilitate the screening of enzyme inhibitors using the LC-based assay assisted with the enzyme catalysis-induced aptamer release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Weiguo Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, P. R. China
| | - Lubin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Quanbo Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Li Yu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiongzheng Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
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Butler F, Alghubayshi A, Roman Y. The Epidemiology and Genetics of Hyperuricemia and Gout across Major Racial Groups: A Literature Review and Population Genetics Secondary Database Analysis. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11030231. [PMID: 33810064 PMCID: PMC8005056 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11030231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gout is an inflammatory condition caused by elevated serum urate (SU), a condition known as hyperuricemia (HU). Genetic variations, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), can alter the function of urate transporters, leading to differential HU and gout prevalence across different populations. In the United States (U.S.), gout prevalence differentially affects certain racial groups. The objective of this proposed analysis is to compare the frequency of urate-related genetic risk alleles between Europeans (EUR) and the following major racial groups: Africans in Southwest U.S. (ASW), Han-Chinese (CHS), Japanese (JPT), and Mexican (MXL) from the 1000 Genomes Project. The Ensembl genome browser of the 1000 Genomes Project was used to conduct cross-population allele frequency comparisons of 11 SNPs across 11 genes, physiologically involved and significantly associated with SU levels and gout risk. Gene/SNP pairs included: ABCG2 (rs2231142), SLC2A9 (rs734553), SLC17A1 (rs1183201), SLC16A9 (rs1171614), GCKR (rs1260326), SLC22A11 (rs2078267), SLC22A12 (rs505802), INHBC (rs3741414), RREB1 (rs675209), PDZK1 (rs12129861), and NRXN2 (rs478607). Allele frequencies were compared to EUR using Chi-Square or Fisher’s Exact test, when appropriate. Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was used, with p < 0.0045 for statistical significance. Risk alleles were defined as the allele that is associated with baseline or higher HU and gout risks. The cumulative HU or gout risk allele index of the 11 SNPs was estimated for each population. The prevalence of HU and gout in U.S. and non-US populations was evaluated using published epidemiological data and literature review. Compared with EUR, the SNP frequencies of 7/11 in ASW, 9/11 in MXL, 9/11 JPT, and 11/11 CHS were significantly different. HU or gout risk allele indices were 5, 6, 9, and 11 in ASW, MXL, CHS, and JPT, respectively. Out of the 11 SNPs, the percentage of risk alleles in CHS and JPT was 100%. Compared to non-US populations, the prevalence of HU and gout appear to be higher in western world countries. Compared with EUR, CHS and JPT populations had the highest HU or gout risk allele frequencies, followed by MXL and ASW. These results suggest that individuals of Asian descent are at higher HU and gout risk, which may partly explain the nearly three-fold higher gout prevalence among Asians versus Caucasians in ambulatory care settings. Furthermore, gout remains a disease of developed countries with a marked global rising.
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Kondratiuk VE, Tarasenko OM, Karmazina OM, Taranchuk VV. Impact of the Synbiotics and Urate-Lowering Therapy on Gut Microbiota and Cytokine Profile in Patients with Chronic Gouty Arthritis. J Med Life 2021; 13:490-498. [PMID: 33456597 PMCID: PMC7803318 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2020-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The main goal of our study is the impact evaluation of complex urate-lowering therapy with the synbiotic addition on fecal microbiota and cytokine profile in patients with primary gout. During our study, 130 men (mean age 55.5 ± 9.4 years) with gout (duration 7.7 ± 7.1 years) were examined. All patients were divided into two treatment groups. The main group (n = 68) was taking allopurinol at 300 mg per day dose and additionally a synbiotic. The comparison group (n = 62) received allopurinol monotherapy without synbiotic intake. The therapy duration was 3 months. Evaluation of therapy efficiency was marked by blood uric acid changes, cytokine levels, CRP and fecal microbiota condition. After treatment, stabilization of the gut microbiota parameters was observed, which was leading to normalization uricemia levels (40.3% vs. 21%, p <0.01) in the main group patients. Addition of synbiotic to allopurinol leads to a blood uric acid lowering (18.7% vs. 13.3%, p <0.01), CRP reduction (75% vs. 26.3%, p <0.01) as well as decrease of cytokines level: IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNFα (all p <0.001). After a 3-month gout treatment, a group of patients who received complex therapy with synbiotic inclusion showed signs of disease remission characterized by inflammation activity reducing, fecal microbiota condition normalization and a more pronounced decrease in laboratory markers comparing to control group.
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Borghi C, Domienik-Karłowicz J, Tykarski A, Widecka K, Filipiak KJ, Jaguszewski MJ, Narkiewicz K, Mancia G. Expert consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of patient with hyperuricemia and high cardiovascular risk: 2021 update. Cardiol J 2021; 28:1-14. [PMID: 33438180 DOI: 10.5603/cj.a2021.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Borghi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Justyna Domienik-Karłowicz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology with the Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.,Club 30, Polish Cardiac Society, Poland
| | - Andrzej Tykarski
- Department of Hypertension, Angiology and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Krystyna Widecka
- Department of Hypertension and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | | | - Krzysztof Narkiewicz
- Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
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Cicero AFG, Fogacci F, Kuwabara M, Borghi C. Therapeutic Strategies for the Treatment of Chronic Hyperuricemia: An Evidence-Based Update. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57010058. [PMID: 33435164 PMCID: PMC7827966 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This article aims to critically review the evidence on the available therapeutic strategies for the treatment of hyperuricemia. For this reason, several papers were reviewed. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors are the safest and most effective uric acid lowering drugs for the management of chronic hyperuricemia, while the efficacy of uricosuric agents is strongly modulated by pharmacogenetics. Emergent drugs (lesinurad, peglotidase) were found to be more effective for the acute management of refractory hyperuricemia, but their use is supported by a relatively small number of clinical trials so that further well-designed clinical research is needed to deepen their efficacy and safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arrigo F. G. Cicero
- Hypertension Research Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.G.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Federica Fogacci
- Hypertension Research Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.G.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Masanari Kuwabara
- Cardiology Department and Intensive Care Unit, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo 40138, Japan;
| | - Claudio Borghi
- Hypertension Research Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.G.C.); (F.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-512142224
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Zhong Z, Huang Y, Huang Q, Zheng S, Huang Z, Deng W, Li T. Serum metabolic profiling analysis of gout patients based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 515:52-60. [PMID: 33388309 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gout is a common kind of inflammatory arthritis with metabolic disorders. However, the detailed pathogenesis of gout is complex and not fully clear. We investigated the serum metabolic profiling of gout patients by ultra-performance liquid chromatograph quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS). METHODS Serum metabolites were extracted from 31 gout patients and 31 healthy controls. Metabolite extracts were analyzed in negative mode by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS for global metabolomics. Principal components analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and hierarchical clustering analysis were performed to detect different compounds between the two groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and pathway analysis of the different metabolites were conducted. RESULTS A total of 9192 compounds were detected, of which 138 significantly different compounds were selected, according to the criteria of (Variable importance in projection (VIP) > 3). Hierarchical clustering analysis showed that the relative levels of the differential compounds were different between the 2 groups. Ninety-one reliable metabolites matching the human metabolome database (HMDB) were confirmed. ROC curve results revealed that 4-hydroxytriazolam, urate and bilirubin exerted higher AUC values. Pathway analysis indicated that the significantly different metabolites were mainly involved in primary bile acid biosynthesis, purine metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS The serum metabolic profiling of gout patients was significantly different from healthy subjects based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Bilirubin was the potential biomarker. Primary bile acid biosynthesis may be a novel metabolic pathway of gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhong
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Yukai Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Qidang Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Shaoling Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Zhixiang Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Weiming Deng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Tianwang Li
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China.
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Maloberti A, Qualliu E, Occhi L, Sun J, Grasso E, Tognola C, Tavecchia G, Cartella I, Milani M, Vallerio P, Signorini S, Brambilla P, Casati M, Bombelli M, Grassi G, Giannattasio C. Hyperuricemia prevalence in healthy subjects and its relationship with cardiovascular target organ damage. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:178-185. [PMID: 32994122 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Heterogeneous results have been obtained in the relationship between Uric Acid (UA) and Target Organ Damage (TOD). In the present study we sought to assess the prevalence of hyperuricemia in healthy subjects as well as the role of UA in determining TOD. We evaluated vascular, cardiac and renal TODs in the whole population as well as sub-grouped by gender. METHODS AND RESULTS As many as 379 blood donors participated at the present analysis. TOD was evaluated as Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV), Left Ventricular Mass Index (LVMI) and carotid Intima-Media Thickness (IMT). Hyperuricemia was defined with the classic cut-off (>7.0 in men and >6.0 mg/dL in women) but also with a most recently defined one (5.6 mg/dL for both sex). Hyperuricemia was present in 6.3% of the whole population (7.3% males, 2.8% females) considering the classic cut-off, while, with the recently identified one, it was present in 28.2% of the whole population (37.3% males, 4.7% females). Despite all the evaluated TODs significantly correlated with UA, linear multivariate regression analysis showed that none of them, except for GFR, displayed UA as a significant covariate. Similar figures were found also when both correlation and linear regression analyses were repeated in the two genders separately. CONCLUSIONS Hyperuricemia is an important problem also in healthy subjects and its prevalence could further increase if lower cut-off will be used. In this specific population UA is significantly associated with renal impairment while this was not the case for cardiac and vascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Maloberti
- Cardiology IV, "A. De Gasperis" Department, ASTT GOM Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy; University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Lucia Occhi
- Cardiology IV, "A. De Gasperis" Department, ASTT GOM Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy; University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Jinwei Sun
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marco Casati
- Laboratory Medicine, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST Monza, Italy
| | - Michele Bombelli
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Guido Grassi
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Cristina Giannattasio
- Cardiology IV, "A. De Gasperis" Department, ASTT GOM Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy; University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Pierzynowska K, Deshpande A, Mosiichuk N, Terkeltaub R, Szczurek P, Salido E, Pierzynowski S, Grujic D. Oral Treatment With an Engineered Uricase, ALLN-346, Reduces Hyperuricemia, and Uricosuria in Urate Oxidase-Deficient Mice. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:569215. [PMID: 33330529 PMCID: PMC7732547 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.569215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Limitations in efficacy and/or tolerance of currently available urate-lowering therapies (ULTs), such as oral xanthine oxidase inhibitors, uricosurics, and intravenous uricase agents contribute to the development of refractory gout. Renal excretion is the major route of uric acid elimination, but the intestinal tract plays an increasingly recognized role in urate homeostasis, particularly in chronic kidney disease (CKD) in which the renal elimination of urate is impaired. We targeted intestinal degradation of urate in vivo with ALLN-346, an orally administered, engineered urate oxidase, optimized for proteolytic stability, and activity in the gut. We tested ALLN-346 in uricase/urate oxidase deficient mice (URKO mice) with severe hyperuricemia, hyperuricosuria, and uric acid crystalline obstructive nephropathy. A total of 55 male and female URKO mice were used in the two consecutive studies. These seminal, proof-of-concept studies aimed to explore both short- (7-day) and long-term (19-day) effects of ALLN-346 on the reduction of plasma and urine urate. In both the 7- and 19-day studies, ALLN-346 oral therapy resulted in the normalization of urine uric acid excretion and a significant reduction of hyperuricemia by 44 and 28% when therapy was given with food over 24 h or was limited for up to 6 h, respectively. Fractional excretion of uric acid (FEUA) was normalized with ALLN-346 therapy. Oral enzyme therapy with engineered urate oxidase (ALLN-346) designed to degrade urate in the intestinal tract has the potential to reduce hyperuricemia and the renal burden of filtered urate in patients with hyperuricemia and gout with and without CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Pierzynowska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Kielanowski Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Jabłonna, Poland.,Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,SGP+Group, Trelleborg, Sweden
| | | | - Nadiia Mosiichuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Robert Terkeltaub
- VA Medical Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Paulina Szczurek
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland
| | - Eduardo Salido
- Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Universidad La Laguna & Center for Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Tenerife, Spain
| | - Stefan Pierzynowski
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,SGP+Group, Trelleborg, Sweden.,Department of Biology, Institute Rural Medicine, Lublin, Poland
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Fermented Feed Supplement Relieves Caecal Microbiota Dysbiosis and Kidney Injury Caused by High-Protein Diet in the Development of Gosling Gout. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10112139. [PMID: 33213092 PMCID: PMC7698594 DOI: 10.3390/ani10112139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Firstly, forty-eight 1-day-old goslings were randomly allocated to four groups and were fed diets containing crude protein (CP) at different concentrations: 160, 180, 200, and 220 g/kg in Experiment One. We found a dose-dependent relationship between the dietary protein levels and morbidity of gosling gout. The concentration of serum uric acid (UA), creatinine (Cr), and urea nitrogen (UN), and the activity of xanthine oxidase in the 220CP groups were significantly higher than those in the low-protein diet groups. Beneficial microbes, including Akkermansia, Lactococcus, and Butyricicoccus were enriched in the ceca of healthy goslings, while the microbes Enterococcus, Enterobacteriaceae, and Bacteroides were enriched in those with gout. Then, we explored the effects of fermented feed on gosling gout caused by high-protein diets in Experiment Two. A total of 720 1-day-old goslings were randomly allotted to four experimental groups: CN (162.9 g/kg CP), CNF (167.5 g/kg CP, replacing 50 g/kg of the basal diet with fermented feed), HP (229.7 g/kg CP, a high-protein diet), and HPF (230.7 g/kg CP, replacing 50 g/kg of the high-protein diet with fermented feed). We found that the cumulative incidence of gout increased in the HP group compared with that in the control, but decreased in the HPF group compared to that in the HP group. Similarly, the concentration of serum UA in the HP group was higher than that in the CN group, but decreased in the HPF group. Meanwhile, compared with the HP group, using fermented feed in diets decreased the abundance of Enterococcus in the ceca of goslings, while increasing the abundance of Lactobacillus. These results suggest that appropriate dietary protein levels and the fermented feed supplement might relieve the kidney injury and gut microbiota dysbiosis caused by high-protein diets in the development of gosling gout.
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47
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Sellmayr M, Hernandez Petzsche MR, Ma Q, Krüger N, Liapis H, Brink A, Lenz B, Angelotti ML, Gnemmi V, Kuppe C, Kim H, Bindels EMJ, Tajti F, Saez-Rodriguez J, Lech M, Kramann R, Romagnani P, Anders HJ, Steiger S. Only Hyperuricemia with Crystalluria, but not Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia, Drives Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:2773-2792. [PMID: 32938648 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020040523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The roles of asymptomatic hyperuricemia or uric acid (UA) crystals in CKD progression are unknown. Hypotheses to explain links between UA deposition and progression of CKD include that (1) asymptomatic hyperuricemia does not promote CKD progression unless UA crystallizes in the kidney; (2) UA crystal granulomas may form due to pre-existing CKD; and (3) proinflammatory granuloma-related M1-like macrophages may drive UA crystal-induced CKD progression. METHODS MALDI-FTICR mass spectrometry, immunohistochemistry, 3D confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry were used to characterize a novel mouse model of hyperuricemia and chronic UA crystal nephropathy with granulomatous nephritis. Interventional studies probed the role of crystal-induced inflammation and macrophages in the pathology of progressive CKD. RESULTS Asymptomatic hyperuricemia alone did not cause CKD or drive the progression of aristolochic acid I-induced CKD. Only hyperuricemia with UA crystalluria due to urinary acidification caused tubular obstruction, inflammation, and interstitial fibrosis. UA crystal granulomas surrounded by proinflammatory M1-like macrophages developed late in this process of chronic UA crystal nephropathy and contributed to the progression of pre-existing CKD. Suppressing M1-like macrophages with adenosine attenuated granulomatous nephritis and the progressive decline in GFR. In contrast, inhibiting the JAK/STAT inflammatory pathway with tofacitinib was not renoprotective. CONCLUSIONS Asymptomatic hyperuricemia does not affect CKD progression unless UA crystallizes in the kidney. UA crystal granulomas develop late in chronic UA crystal nephropathy and contribute to CKD progression because UA crystals trigger M1-like macrophage-related interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. Targeting proinflammatory macrophages, but not JAK/STAT signaling, can attenuate granulomatous interstitial nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Sellmayr
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilian's-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Qiuyue Ma
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilian's-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Nils Krüger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilian's-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Helen Liapis
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (retired) and Arkana Laboratories, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Andreas Brink
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Lenz
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria Lucia Angelotti
- Excellence Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education for the Development of DE NOVO Therapies (DENOTHE), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Viviane Gnemmi
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Lille, France
| | - Christoph Kuppe
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hyojin Kim
- Faculty of Medicine, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Aachen University, Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-COMBINE), Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Ferenc Tajti
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Aachen University, Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-COMBINE), Aachen, Germany
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Faculty of Medicine, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Aachen University, Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-COMBINE), Aachen, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg University, and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maciej Lech
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilian's-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paola Romagnani
- Excellence Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education for the Development of DE NOVO Therapies (DENOTHE), University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilian's-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Steiger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilian's-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
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Chen Y, Zhao Z, Li Y, Li L, Jiang Y, Cao Y, Zhou P, Wu T, Pang J. Characterizations of the Urate Transporter, GLUT9, and Its Potent Inhibitors by Patch-Clamp Technique. SLAS DISCOVERY 2020; 26:450-459. [PMID: 32844721 DOI: 10.1177/2472555220949501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9), which transports urate in an electrogenic and voltage-dependent manner, plays an important role in the maintenance of normal blood uric acid/urate levels. In the present study, we established a cell model based on the single-electrode patch-clamp technique for characterization of GLUT9 and explored the inhibitory effects of benzobromarone (BM) and probenecid (PB) on urate-induced currents in mouse GLUT9a (mGLUT9a)-expressing HEK-293T cells. The results showed that uric acid, rather than glucose perfusion, led to a rapid and large outward current by mGLUT9a in dose-, voltage-, and pH-dependent manners. BM prominently and irreversibly inhibited the uric acid-induced currents through mGLUT9a, and PB weakly and reversibly inhibited mGLUT9a. We found that depletion of K+ in the external solution significantly strengthened the blockade of BM on mGLUT9a. In addition, an enhanced inhibitory rate of BM was detected when the pH of the external solution was changed from 7.4 to 5.5, indicating that BM functions optimally in an acidic environment. In conclusion, the combination of the established cell model with patch-clamp techniques first revealed the function properties of GLUT9 inhibitors and may provide potential benefits to the study of GLUT9 inhibitors as antihyperuricemic or antigout agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zean Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongmei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingzheng Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Pavelcova K, Bohata J, Pavlikova M, Bubenikova E, Pavelka K, Stiburkova B. Evaluation of the Influence of Genetic Variants of SLC2A9 (GLUT9) and SLC22A12 (URAT1) on the Development of Hyperuricemia and Gout. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082510. [PMID: 32759716 PMCID: PMC7465009 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Urate transporters, which are located in the kidneys, significantly affect the level of uric acid in the body. We looked at genetic variants of genes encoding the major reabsorption proteins GLUT9 (SLC2A9) and URAT1 (SLC22A12) and their association with hyperuricemia and gout. In a cohort of 250 individuals with primary hyperuricemia and gout, we used direct sequencing to examine the SLC22A12 and SLC2A9 genes. Identified variants were evaluated in relation to clinical data, biochemical parameters, metabolic syndrome criteria, and our previous analysis of the major secretory urate transporter ABCG2. We detected seven nonsynonymous variants of SLC2A9. There were no nonsynonymous variants of SLC22A12. Eleven variants of SLC2A9 and two variants of SLC22A12 were significantly more common in our cohort than in the European population (p = 0), while variants p.V282I and c.1002+78A>G had a low frequency in our cohort (p = 0). Since the association between variants and the level of uric acid was not demonstrated, the influence of variants on the development of hyperuricemia and gout should be evaluated with caution. However, consistent with the findings of other studies, our data suggest that p.V282I and c.1002+78A>G (SLC2A9) reduce the risk of gout, while p.N82N (SLC22A12) increases the risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Pavelcova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunogenetics, Institute of Rheumatology, 128 50 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.P.); (J.B.); (E.B.); (K.P.)
- Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 50 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Bohata
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunogenetics, Institute of Rheumatology, 128 50 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.P.); (J.B.); (E.B.); (K.P.)
- Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 50 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Pavlikova
- Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 186 75 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Eliska Bubenikova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunogenetics, Institute of Rheumatology, 128 50 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.P.); (J.B.); (E.B.); (K.P.)
- Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 50 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Pavelka
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunogenetics, Institute of Rheumatology, 128 50 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.P.); (J.B.); (E.B.); (K.P.)
| | - Blanka Stiburkova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunogenetics, Institute of Rheumatology, 128 50 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.P.); (J.B.); (E.B.); (K.P.)
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-234-075-319
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50
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Xi Y, Ying S, Shao C, Zhu H, Yan J, Shi Z. Metabolomic profiling of goslings with visceral gout reveals a distinct metabolic signature. Br Poult Sci 2020; 61:258-265. [PMID: 32079416 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1723790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
1.The objective of the experiment was to analyse serum profiles of goslings with visceral gout and compare them with those of healthy individuals to identify differentially-abundant metabolites as potential biomarkers. 2.Untargeted gas chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) metabolomic profiling was used to compare the serum metabolome of 15 goslings (Anser cygnoides) with gout and 15 healthy goslings (control). 3.Goslings with gout had a metabolic profile distinct from that of the controls, with 45 metabolite levels differing significantly (VIP > 1; P < 0.05) between both groups. Nine metabolites (hydrocortisone, glucose, trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline, galactose, 2-deoxy-D-galactose, beta-mannosylglycerate, d-glucoheptose, zymosterol, and hypoxanthine) were selected through receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis (area under curve (AUC) score ≥0.85) as potential biomarkers. Pathway analysis revealed that metabolites with differing levels were mainly involved in galactose, arginine and proline and purine metabolisms. 4.These results provided new insights into the pathogenesis of gout. Increased xanthine and hypoxanthine with decreased hydrocortisone provide promising biomarkers for gosling gout diagnosis. The findings suggested that hepatic metabolic disorders frequently occur in the development of avian gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Xi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Animal Husbandry Institute, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing, China
| | - S Ying
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Animal Husbandry Institute, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing, China
| | - C Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Animal Husbandry Institute, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing, China
| | - H Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Animal Husbandry Institute, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing, China
| | - J Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Animal Husbandry Institute, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing, China
| | - Z Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Animal Husbandry Institute, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing, China
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