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Jevtovic F, Zheng D, Claiborne A, Biagioni EM, Wisseman BL, Krassovskaia PM, Collier DN, Isler C, DeVente JE, Neufer PD, Houmard JA, May LE. Effects of maternal exercise on infant mesenchymal stem cell mitochondrial function, insulin action, and body composition in infancy. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16028. [PMID: 38684442 PMCID: PMC11058002 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Maternal exercise (ME) has been established as a useful non-pharmacological intervention to improve infant metabolic health; however, mechanistic insight behind these adaptations remains mostly confined to animal models. Infant mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) give rise to infant tissues (e.g., skeletal muscle), and remain involved in mature tissue maintenance. Importantly, these cells maintain metabolic characteristics of an offspring donor and provide a model for the investigation of mechanisms behind infant metabolic health improvements. We used undifferentiated MSC to investigate if ME affects infant MSC mitochondrial function and insulin action, and if these adaptations are associated with lower infant adiposity. We found that infants from exercising mothers have improvements in MSC insulin signaling related to higher MSC respiration and fat oxidation, and expression and activation of energy-sensing and redox-sensitive proteins. Further, we found that infants exposed to exercise in utero were leaner at 1 month of age, with a significant inverse correlation between infant MSC respiration and infant adiposity at 6 months of age. These data suggest that infants from exercising mothers are relatively leaner, and this is associated with higher infant MSC mitochondrial respiration, fat use, and insulin action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Jevtovic
- Department of KinesiologyEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- Human Performance LaboratoryEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Donghai Zheng
- Department of KinesiologyEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- Human Performance LaboratoryEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Alex Claiborne
- Department of KinesiologyEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- Human Performance LaboratoryEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Ericka M. Biagioni
- Department of KinesiologyEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- Human Performance LaboratoryEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Breanna L. Wisseman
- Department of KinesiologyEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- Human Performance LaboratoryEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Polina M. Krassovskaia
- Department of KinesiologyEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- Human Performance LaboratoryEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - David N. Collier
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Pediatrics, Brody School of MedicineEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Christy Isler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brody School of MedicineEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - James E. DeVente
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brody School of MedicineEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - P. Darrell Neufer
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of MedicineEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Brody School of MedicineEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Joseph A. Houmard
- Department of KinesiologyEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- Human Performance LaboratoryEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Linda E. May
- Department of KinesiologyEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- Human Performance LaboratoryEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brody School of MedicineEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
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Schoonejans JM, Ozanne SE. Developmental programming by maternal obesity: Lessons from animal models. Diabet Med 2021; 38:e14694. [PMID: 34553414 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The obesity epidemic has led to more women entering pregnancy overweight or obese. In addition to adverse short-term outcomes, maternal obesity and/or gestational diabetes predispose offspring to developing obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in adulthood through developmental programming. Human epidemiological studies, although vital in identifying associations, are often unable to address causality and mechanistic studies can be limited by the lack of accessibility of key metabolic tissues. Furthermore, multi-generational studies take many years to complete. Integration of findings from human studies with those from animal models has therefore been critical in moving forward this field that has been termed the 'Developmental Origins of Health and Disease'. This review summarises the evidence from animal models and highlights how animal models provide valuable insight into the maternal factors responsible for developmental programming, potential critical developmental windows, sexual dimorphism, molecular mechanisms and age-related offspring outcomes throughout life. Moreover, we describe how animal models are vital to explore clinically relevant interventions to prevent adverse offspring outcomes in obese or glucose intolerant pregnancy, such as antioxidant supplementation, exercise and maternal metformin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josca Mariëtte Schoonejans
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susan Elizabeth Ozanne
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Nguyen L, Lim LY, Ding SSL, Amirruddin NS, Hoon S, Chan SY, Teo AKK. Metformin Perturbs Pancreatic Differentiation From Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Diabetes 2021; 70:1689-1702. [PMID: 33958328 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Metformin is becoming a popular treatment before and during pregnancy, but current literature on in utero exposure to metformin lacks long-term clinical trials and mechanistic studies. Current literature on the effects of metformin on mature pancreatic β-cells highlights its dual, opposing, protective, or inhibitory effects, depending on metabolic environment. However, the impact of metformin on developing human pancreatic β-cells remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the potential effects of metformin exposure on human pancreatic β-cell development and function in vitro. In the absence of metabolic challenges such as high levels of glucose and fatty acids, metformin exposure impaired the development and function of pancreatic β-cells, with downregulation of pancreatic genes and dysfunctional mitochondrial respiration. It also affected the insulin secretion function of pancreatic β-cells. These findings call for further in-depth evaluation of the exposure of human embryonic and fetal tissue during pregnancy to metformin and its implications for long-term offspring health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Nguyen
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lillian Yuxian Lim
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Shirley Suet Lee Ding
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Nur Shabrina Amirruddin
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shawn Hoon
- Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Shiao-Yng Chan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Maternal Metformin Intervention during Obese Glucose-Intolerant Pregnancy Affects Adiposity in Young Adult Mouse Offspring in a Sex-Specific Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158104. [PMID: 34360870 PMCID: PMC8347264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Metformin is commonly used to treat gestational diabetes mellitus. This study investigated the effect of maternal metformin intervention during obese glucose-intolerant pregnancy on the gonadal white adipose tissue (WAT) of 8-week-old male and female mouse offspring. Methods: C57BL/6J female mice were provided with a control (Con) or obesogenic diet (Ob) to induce pre-conception obesity. Half the obese dams were treated orally with 300 mg/kg/d of metformin (Ob-Met) during pregnancy. Gonadal WAT depots from 8-week-old offspring were investigated for adipocyte size, macrophage infiltration and mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory genes using RT-PCR. Results: Gestational metformin attenuated the adiposity in obese dams and increased the gestation length without correcting the offspring in utero growth restriction and catch-up growth caused by maternal obesity. Despite similar body weight, the Ob and Ob-Met offspring of both sexes showed adipocyte hypertrophy in young adulthood. Male Ob-Met offspring had increased WAT depot weight (p < 0.05), exaggerated adipocyte hyperplasia (p < 0.05 vs. Con and Ob offspring), increased macrophage infiltration measured via histology (p < 0.05) and the mRNA expression of F4/80 (p < 0.05). These changes were not observed in female Ob-Met offspring. Conclusions: Maternal metformin intervention during obese pregnancy causes excessive adiposity, adipocyte hyperplasia and WAT inflammation in male offspring, highlighting sex-specific effects of prenatal metformin exposure on offspring WAT.
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Son JS, Chae SA, Wang H, Chen Y, Bravo Iniguez A, de Avila JM, Jiang Z, Zhu MJ, Du M. Maternal Inactivity Programs Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction in Offspring Mice by Attenuating Apelin Signaling and Mitochondrial Biogenesis. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108461. [PMID: 33264618 PMCID: PMC8137280 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although maternal exercise (ME) becomes increasingly uncommon, the effects of ME on offspring muscle metabolic health remain largely undefined. Maternal mice are subject to daily exercise during pregnancy, which enhances mitochondrial biogenesis during fetal muscle development; this is correlated with higher mitochondrial content and oxidative muscle fibers in offspring muscle and improved endurance capacity. Apelin, an exerkine, is elevated due to ME, and maternal apelin administration mirrors the effect of ME on mitochondrial biogenesis in fetal muscle. Importantly, both ME and apelin induce DNA demethylation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (Ppargc1a) promoter and enhance its expression and mitochondrial biogenesis in fetal muscle. Such changes in DNA methylation were maintained in offspring, with ME offspring muscle expressing higher levels of PGC-1α1/4 isoforms, explaining improved muscle function. In summary, ME enhances DNA demethylation of the Ppargc1a promoter in fetal muscle, which has positive programming effects on the exercise endurance capacity and protects offspring muscle against metabolic dysfunction. Son et al. demonstrate that maternal exercise facilitates fetal muscle development, which improves muscle function and exercise endurance in offspring. Maternal administration of apelin, an exerkine, mirrors the beneficial effects of maternal exercise on mitochondrial biogenesis and fetal muscle development. These findings suggest apelin and its receptor as potential drug targets for improving fetal muscle development of sedentary mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Seok Son
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Song Ah Chae
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Hongyang Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanting Chen
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | | | - Jeanene M de Avila
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Zhihua Jiang
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Min Du
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
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Wei Y, Yu J, Zhang X, Mu J, Zhang J, Zeng W, Feng B. ICAT acts as a Coactivator in Regulating PPARγ Transcriptional Activity in Mesangial Cells. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2020; 129:365-373. [PMID: 32937668 DOI: 10.1055/a-0879-1846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Our study aims to explore the role of β-catenin interaction protein-1(ICAT) in regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) transcriptional activity in mesangial cells. The abnormal ICAT expression in mesangial cells under high glucose(HG) contributes to the development of diabetes and its complications such as diabetic nephropathy (DN). METHODS Human mesangial cells (HMCs) were cultured in either 5.5 (normal control) or 30 (high glucose) mmol/L glucose medium. Overexpression and knock-down of ICAT or β-catenin were carried out by transient transfection. PPARγ transcriptional activity was evaluated by luciferase assay. Protein-protein interactions were tested by Coimmunoprecipitation and GST-pull down assay. Cell phenotype transition of HMCs was detected by the expression level of α-SMA and fibronectin, as well as MTT assay. RESULTS High β-catenin protein expression but low ICAT was accompanied by low PPARγ transcriptional activity in HMCs cultured in HG. By using bioinformatics prediction, protein-protein and protein-DNA interaction experimental methods, ICAT and β-catenin were confirmed to act as coactivators in regulating PPARγ transcriptional activity. Overexpression of ICAT could mitigate the decrease of PPARγ transcriptional activity and partly relieve cell phenotype transition in HMCs. CONCLUSIONS β-catenin and ICAT interact as coactivator to modulate PPARγ transcriptional activation. In HMCs cultured in HG, the low expression of ICAT leads to low PPARγ transcriptional activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiawei Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | | | - Jiao Mu
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Bing Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Carlson Z, Hafner H, Mulcahy M, Bullock K, Zhu A, Bridges D, Bernal-Mizrachi E, Gregg B. Lactational metformin exposure programs offspring white adipose tissue glucose homeostasis and resilience to metabolic stress in a sex-dependent manner. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E600-E612. [PMID: 32154743 PMCID: PMC7272730 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00473.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that exposing mouse dams to metformin during gestation results in increased beta-cell mass at birth and increased beta-cell insulin secretion in adult male offspring. Given these favorable changes after a gestational maternal metformin exposure, we wanted to understand the long-term metabolic impact on offspring after exposing dams to metformin during the postnatal window. The newborn period provides a feasible clinical window for intervention and is important for beta-cell proliferation and metabolic tissue development. Using a C57BL/6 model, we administered metformin to dams from the day of birth to postnatal day 21. We monitored maternal health and offspring growth during the lactation window, as well as adult glucose homeostasis through in vivo testing. At necropsy we assessed pancreas and adipocyte morphology using histological and immunofluorescent staining techniques. We found that metformin exposure programmed male and female offspring to be leaner with a higher proportion of small adipocytes in the gonadal white adipose tissue (GWAT). Male, but not female, offspring had an improvement in glucose tolerance as young adults concordant with a mild increase in insulin secretion in response to glucose in vivo. These data demonstrate long-term metabolic programming of offspring associated with maternal exposure to metformin during lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zach Carlson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Hannah Hafner
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Molly Mulcahy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kaylie Bullock
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Allen Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Dave Bridges
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Brigid Gregg
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Yousuf Y, Datu A, Barnes B, Amini-Nik S, Jeschke MG. Metformin alleviates muscle wasting post-thermal injury by increasing Pax7-positive muscle progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:18. [PMID: 31915055 PMCID: PMC6950874 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Profound skeletal muscle wasting and weakness is common after severe burn and persists for years after injury contributing to morbidity and mortality of burn patients. Currently, no ideal treatment exists to inhibit muscle catabolism. Metformin is an anti-diabetic agent that manages hyperglycemia but has also been shown to have a beneficial effect on stem cells after injury. We hypothesize that metformin administration will increase protein synthesis in the skeletal muscle by increasing the proliferation of muscle progenitor cells, thus mitigating muscle atrophy post-burn injury. METHODS To determine whether metformin can attenuate muscle catabolism following burn injury, we utilized a 30% total burn surface area (TBSA) full-thickness scald burn in mice and compared burn injuries with and without metformin treatment. We examined the gastrocnemius muscle at 7 and 14 days post-burn injury. RESULTS At 7 days, burn injury significantly reduced myofiber cross-sectional area (CSA) compared to sham, p < 0.05. Metformin treatment significantly attenuated muscle catabolism and preserved muscle CSA at the sham size. To investigate metformin's effect on satellite cells (muscle progenitors), we examined changes in Pax7, a transcription factor regulating the proliferation of muscle progenitors. Burned animals treated with metformin had a significant increase in Pax7 protein level and the number of Pax7-positive cells at 7 days post-burn, p < 0.05. Moreover, through BrdU proliferation assay, we show that metformin treatment increased the proliferation of satellite cells at 7 days post-burn injury, p < 0.05. CONCLUSION In summary, metformin's various metabolic effects and its modulation of stem cells make it an attractive alternative to mitigate burn-induced muscle wasting while also managing hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusef Yousuf
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave., Rm. D704, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Andrea Datu
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave., Rm. D704, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Ben Barnes
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave., Rm. D704, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Saeid Amini-Nik
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave., Rm. D704, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada. .,Laboratory in Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Marc G Jeschke
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave., Rm. D704, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada. .,Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Liu X, Qu H, Zheng Y, Liao Q, Zhang L, Liao X, Xiong X, Wang Y, Zhang R, Wang H, Tong Q, Liu Z, Dong H, Yang G, Zhu Z, Xu J, Zheng H. Mitochondrial glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase promotes skeletal muscle regeneration. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 10:emmm.201809390. [PMID: 30389681 PMCID: PMC6284384 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201809390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
While adult mammalian skeletal muscle is stable due to its post‐mitotic nature, muscle regeneration is still essential throughout life for maintaining functional fitness. During certain diseases, such as the modern pandemics of obesity and diabetes, the regeneration process becomes impaired, which leads to the loss of muscle function and contributes to the global burden of these diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms of the impairment are not well defined. Here, we identify mGPDH as a critical regulator of skeletal muscle regeneration. Specifically, it regulates myogenic markers and myoblast differentiation by controlling mitochondrial biogenesis via CaMKKβ/AMPK. mGPDH−/− attenuated skeletal muscle regeneration in vitro and in vivo, while mGPDH overexpression ameliorated dystrophic pathology in mdx mice. Moreover, in patients and animal models of obesity and diabetes, mGPDH expression in skeletal muscle was reduced, further suggesting a direct correlation between its abundance and muscular regeneration capability. Rescuing mGPDH expression in obese and diabetic mice led to a significant improvement in their muscle regeneration. Our study provides a potential therapeutic target for skeletal muscle regeneration impairment during obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufei Liu
- Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Department of Endocrinology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Qu
- Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Department of Endocrinology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Department of Endocrinology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Liao
- Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Department of Endocrinology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Department of Endocrinology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liao
- Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Department of Endocrinology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Xiong
- Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Department of Endocrinology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuren Wang
- Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Department of Endocrinology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Department of Endocrinology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Department of Endocrinology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Tong
- Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Department of Endocrinology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenqi Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gangyi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiming Zhu
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Department of Endocrinology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongting Zheng
- Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Department of Endocrinology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Rowan JA. Comment on Barbour and Feig. Metformin for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Progeny, Perspective, and a Personalized Approach. Diabetes Care 2019;42:396-399. Diabetes Care 2019; 42:e130. [PMID: 31221714 DOI: 10.2337/dc19-0654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Janet A Rowan
- National Women's Health, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
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Verapamil Attenuated Prediabetic Neuropathy in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice through Inhibiting TXNIP-Mediated Apoptosis and Inflammation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1896041. [PMID: 30733849 PMCID: PMC6348807 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1896041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a common and severe complication of diabetes mellitus. There is still a lack of an effective treatment to DN because of its complex pathogenesis. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), an endogenous inhibitor of thioredoxin, has been shown to be associated with diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. Herein, we aim to investigate the role of TXNIP in prediabetic neuropathy and therapeutic potential of verapamil which has been shown to inhibit TXNIP expression. The effects of mediating TXNIP on prediabetic neuropathy and its exact mechanism were performed using high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced diabetic mice and palmitate-treated neurons. Our results showed that TXNIP upregulation is associated with prediabetic neuropathy in HFD-fed mice. TXNIP knockdown improved DN in HFD-induced prediabetic mice. Mechanistically, increased TXNIP in dorsal root ganglion is transferred into the cytoplasm and shuttled to the mitochondria. In cytoplasm, TXNIP binding to TRX1 results in the increased oxidative stress and inflammation. In mitochondria, TXNIP binding to TRX2 induced mitochondria dysfunction and apoptosis. TXNIP isolated from TRX2 then shuttles to the cytoplasm and binds to NLRP3, resulting in further increased TXNIP-NLRP3 complex, which induced the release of IL-1β and the development of inflammation. Thus, apoptosis and inflammation of dorsal root ganglion neuron eventually cause neural dysfunction. In addition, we also showed that verapamil, a known inhibitor of calcium channels, improved prediabetic neuropathy in the HFD-fed mice by inhibiting the upregulation of TXNIP. Our finding suggests that TXNIP might be a potential target for the treatment of neuropathy in prediabetic patients with dyslipidemia.
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Nguyen L, Chan SY, Teo AKK. Metformin from mother to unborn child - Are there unwarranted effects? EBioMedicine 2018; 35:394-404. [PMID: 30166273 PMCID: PMC6156706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For more than 40 years, metformin has been used before and during pregnancy. However, it is important to note that metformin can cross the placenta and circulate in the developing foetus. Recent studies reported that the concentration of metformin in foetal cord blood ranges from half to nearly the same concentration as in the maternal plasma. Since metformin has anti-cell growth and pro-apoptotic effects, there are persistent concerns over the use of metformin in early pregnancy. Current human studies are limited by sample size, lack of controls or, short follow-up durations. In this review, we examine the settings in which metformin can be passed on from mother to child during pregnancy and address the current controversies relating to the cellular and molecular mechanisms of metformin. Our efforts highlight the need for more data on the effects of metformin on general offspring health as well as further scrutiny into foetal development upon exposure to metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Nguyen
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Shiao-Yng Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore.
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13
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Vora NL, Grace MR, Smeester L, Dotters-Katz SK, Fry RC, Bae-Jump V, Boggess K. Targeted Multiplex Gene Expression Profiling to Measure High-Fat Diet and Metformin Effects on Fetal Gene Expression in a Mouse Model. Reprod Sci 2018; 26:683-689. [PMID: 29976116 DOI: 10.1177/1933719118786453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal obesity and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) are associated with delivery of a large-for-gestational-age infant. We used a high-fat diet (HFD) mouse model to separate the effect of maternal obesity from excessive GWG on fetal growth. Our objective was to identify fetal gene expression changes in an HFD and control diet (CD) mouse model with and without metformin exposure. STUDY DESIGN Normal weight timed-pregnant (Female Friend virus B) strain mice were allocated on day e0.5 to receive HFD or CD and either plain water or metformin (2.5 mg/mL in drinking water). Dams were euthanized on day e17.5 and fetal livers harvested and frozen at -80°C. RNA was extracted and hybridized to a customized 96-gene Nanostring panel focused on angiogenesis, inflammation, and growth gene expression. Fetal liver gene expression was compared between metformin and plain water groups using analysis of variance. Significant differences in gene expression, defined by a false discovery controlled q value <0.01, were then analyzed using Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA). RESULTS In HFD-fed dams, compared to controls, the metformin-treated group had significantly lower fetal weight and 39 differentially expressed liver genes; 15 (38%) were in the growth/angiogenesis gene expression network. IPA predicted that fetal liver gene upregulation associated with metformin exposure is a result of metformin inhibition of the common upstream regulator, phosphatase and tensin homolog ( PTEN). CONCLUSIONS Metformin-exposed fetuses from dams fed HFD and CD have significant gene expression differences in genes specific to growth and angiogenesis pathways in the fetal liver. Diet alone did not alter fetal liver gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeta L Vora
- 1 Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Lisa Smeester
- 3 Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sarah K Dotters-Katz
- 4 Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- 3 Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Victoria Bae-Jump
- 5 Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, NC, USA
| | - Kim Boggess
- 1 Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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14
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Gestational exposure to metformin programs improved glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in adult male mouse offspring. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5745. [PMID: 29636523 PMCID: PMC5893596 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23965-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells are exquisitely sensitive to developmental nutrient stressors, and alterations in nutrient sensing pathways may underlie changes observed in these models. Here we developed a mouse model of in utero exposure to the anti-diabetic agent metformin. We have previously shown that this exposure increases offspring pancreatic β-cell mass at birth. We hypothesized that adult offspring would have improved metabolic parameters as a long-term outcome of metformin exposure. Virgin dams were given 5 mg/mL metformin in their water from E0.5 to delivery at E18.5. Body weight, glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance and glucose stimulated insulin secretion were analyzed in the offspring. When male offspring of dams given metformin during gestation were tested as adults they had improved glucose tolerance and enhanced insulin secretion in vivo as did their islets in vitro. Enhanced insulin secretion was accompanied by changes in intracellular free calcium responses to glucose and potassium chloride, possibly mediated by increased L channel expression. Female offspring exhibited improved glucose tolerance at advanced ages. In conclusion, in this model in utero metformin exposure leads to improved offspring metabolism in a gender-specific manner. These findings suggest that metformin applied during gestation may be an option for reprogramming metabolism in at risk groups.
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15
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Amin SN, Hussein UK, Yassa HD, Hassan SS, Rashed LA. Synergistic actions of vitamin D and metformin on skeletal muscles and insulin resistance of type 2 diabetic rats. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5768-5779. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa N. Amin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical PhysiologyCairo UniversityCairoEgypt
| | - Usama K. Hussein
- Department of ZoologyFaculty of ScienceBeni‐Suef UniversityBeni SuefEgypt
- Department of PathologyChonbuk National University Medical SchoolResearch Institute of ClinicalMedicine of Chonbuk National University‐Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National UniversityHospital and Research Institute for Endocrine SciencesJeonjuKorea
| | - Hanan D. Yassa
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy and EmbryologyBeni‐Suef UniversityBeni SuefEgypt
| | - Sherif S. Hassan
- Department of Medical EducationCalifornia University of Sciences and MedicineColton, California
- Faculty of MedicineAnatomy DepartmentCairo UniversityCairoEgypt
| | - Laila A. Rashed
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of BiochemistryCairo UniversityCairoEgypt
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16
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Therapies for gestational diabetes and their implications for maternal and offspring health: Evidence from human and animal studies. Pharmacol Res 2018; 130:52-73. [PMID: 29421161 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Obesity prior to and during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of complications during pregnancy. One of the most common complications of pregnancy is gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a condition characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance that is diagnosed in the third trimester of pregnancy. GDM predisposes both mothers and their children to increased obesity and cardiometabolic disorders, namely type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Current treatments include lifestyle changes and insulin injections, but oral anti-diabetic drugs such as metformin and glyburide are increasingly prescribed as they do not require injections. However, the long-term implications of therapies for diabetes during pregnancy on mothers and their offspring are not fully understood. In this review, we describe current treatments for GDM, including the first line lifestyle interventions such as exercise as well as insulin, glyburides and metformin. We also review selected natural health products that are sometimes used by individuals during pregnancy that could also be an effective therapeutic in pregnancies characterized by obesity or GDM. We focus on both the short- and long-term effects of treatments on the health of mothers and their offspring. We review the current literature from clinical research and animal studies.
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Gidlund EK, von Walden F, Venojärvi M, Risérus U, Heinonen OJ, Norrbom J, Sundberg CJ. Humanin skeletal muscle protein levels increase after resistance training in men with impaired glucose metabolism. Physiol Rep 2018; 4:4/23/e13063. [PMID: 27923980 PMCID: PMC5357820 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Humanin (HN) is a mitochondrially encoded and secreted peptide linked to glucose metabolism and tissue protecting mechanisms. Whether skeletal muscle HN gene or protein expression is influenced by exercise remains unknown. In this intervention study we show, for the first time, that HN protein levels increase in human skeletal muscle following 12 weeks of resistance training in persons with prediabetes. Male subjects (n = 55) with impaired glucose regulation (IGR) were recruited and randomly assigned to resistance training, Nordic walking or a control group. The exercise interventions were performed three times per week for 12 weeks with progressively increased intensity during the intervention period. Biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle and venous blood samples were taken before and after the intervention. Skeletal muscle and serum protein levels of HN were analyzed as well as skeletal muscle gene expression of the mitochondrially encoded gene MT‐RNR2, containing the open reading frame for HN. To elucidate mitochondrial training adaptation, mtDNA, and nuclear DNA as well as Citrate synthase were measured. Skeletal muscle HN protein levels increased by 35% after 12 weeks of resistance training. No change in humanin protein levels was seen in serum in any of the intervention groups. There was a significant correlation between humanin levels in serum and the improvements in the 2 h glucose loading test in the resistance training group. The increase in HN protein levels in skeletal muscle after regular resistance training in prediabetic males may suggest a role for HN in the regulation of glucose metabolism. Given the preventative effect of exercise on diabetes type 2, the role of HN as a mitochondrially derived peptide and an exercise‐responsive mitokine warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Karin Gidlund
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ferdinand von Walden
- Neuropediatrics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Astrid Lindgren's Pediatric Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mika Venojärvi
- Institute of Biomedicine, Sports and exercise medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olli J Heinonen
- Paavo Nurmi Centre and Departmen of Health & Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jessica Norrbom
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl Johan Sundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Rowan JA, Rush EC, Plank LD, Lu J, Obolonkin V, Coat S, Hague WM. Metformin in gestational diabetes: the offspring follow-up (MiG TOFU): body composition and metabolic outcomes at 7-9 years of age. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2018; 6:e000456. [PMID: 29682291 PMCID: PMC5905785 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2017-000456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare body composition and metabolic outcomes at 7-9 years in offspring of women with gestational diabetes (GDM) randomized to metformin (±insulin) or insulin treatment during pregnancy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Children were assessed at 7 years in Adelaide (n=109/181) and 9 years in Auckland (n=99/396) by anthropometry, bioimpedance analysis (BIA), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (n=92/99) and fasting bloods (n=82/99). RESULTS In the Adelaide subgroup, mothers were similar at enrollment. Women randomized to metformin versus insulin had higher treatment glycemia (p=0.002) and more infants with birth weight >90th percentile (20.7% vs 5.9%; p=0.029). At 7 years, there were no differences in offspring measures. In Auckland, at enrollment, women randomized to metformin had a higher body mass index (BMI) (p=0.08) but gained less weight during treatment (p=0.07). Offspring birth measures were similar. At 9 years, metformin offspring were larger by measures of weight, arm and waist circumferences, waist:height (p<0.05); BMI, triceps skinfold (p=0.05); DXA fat mass and lean mass (p=0.07); MRI abdominal fat volume (p=0.051). Body fat percent was similar between treatment groups by DXA and BIA. Abdominal fat percentages (visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue and liver) were similar by MRI. Fasting glucose, triglyceride, insulin, insulin resistance, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), cholesterol, liver transaminases, leptin and adiponectin were similar. CONCLUSIONS Metformin or insulin for GDM was associated with similar offspring total and abdominal body fat percent and metabolic measures at 7-9 years. Metformin-exposed children were larger at 9 years. Metformin may interact with fetal environmental factors to influence offspring outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet A Rowan
- Department of Obstetrics, National Women's Health at Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Elaine C Rush
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lindsay D Plank
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jun Lu
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Victor Obolonkin
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Suzette Coat
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - William M Hague
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia
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19
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Boyle KE, Patinkin ZW, Shapiro ALB, Bader C, Vanderlinden L, Kechris K, Janssen RC, Ford RJ, Smith BK, Steinberg GR, Davidson EJ, Yang IV, Dabelea D, Friedman JE. Maternal obesity alters fatty acid oxidation, AMPK activity, and associated DNA methylation in mesenchymal stem cells from human infants. Mol Metab 2017; 6:1503-1516. [PMID: 29107296 PMCID: PMC5681274 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Infants born to mothers with obesity have greater adiposity, ectopic fat storage, and are at increased risk for childhood obesity and metabolic disease compared with infants of normal weight mothers, though the cellular mechanisms mediating these effects are unclear. Methods We tested the hypothesis that human, umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from infants born to obese (Ob-MSC) versus normal weight (NW-MSC) mothers demonstrate altered fatty acid metabolism consistent with adult obesity. In infant MSCs undergoing myogenesis in vitro, we measured cellular lipid metabolism and AMPK activity, AMPK activation in response to cellular nutrient stress, and MSC DNA methylation and mRNA content of genes related to oxidative metabolism. Results We found that Ob-MSCs exhibit greater lipid accumulation, lower fatty acid oxidation (FAO), and dysregulation of AMPK activity when undergoing myogenesis in vitro. Further experiments revealed a clear phenotype distinction within the Ob-MSC group where more severe MSC metabolic perturbation corresponded to greater neonatal adiposity and umbilical cord blood insulin levels. Targeted analysis of DNA methylation array revealed Ob-MSC hypermethylation in genes regulating FAO (PRKAG2, ACC2, CPT1A, SDHC) and corresponding lower mRNA content of these genes. Moreover, MSC methylation was positively correlated with infant adiposity. Conclusions These data suggest that greater infant adiposity is associated with suppressed AMPK activity and reduced lipid oxidation in MSCs from infants born to mothers with obesity and may be an important, early marker of underlying obesity risk. Mesenchymal stem cells from infants of obese mothers have greater lipid content in vitro. This is attributable to lower fatty acid oxidation, not greater fatty acid uptake. AMPK is dysregulated in these cells and corresponds to higher infant adiposity. Epigenetic differences in genes regulating these pathways are observed in the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen E Boyle
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Zachary W Patinkin
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Allison L B Shapiro
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Carly Bader
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lauren Vanderlinden
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Katerina Kechris
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rachel C Janssen
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rebecca J Ford
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brennan K Smith
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth J Davidson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ivana V Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, and the Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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20
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Bibi S, Kang Y, Du M, Zhu MJ. Maternal high-fat diet consumption enhances offspring susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis in mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:901-908. [PMID: 28339172 PMCID: PMC6461699 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maternal high-fat diet (HFD) may alter the offspring intestinal immune system, thereby enhancing susceptibility toward inflammatory bowel disease. The objective of the current study was to investigate the impact of maternal HFD on offspring intestinal health using a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. METHODS Dams were provided with either HFD (60%) or control diet. After weaning, female offspring from both groups were kept on 45% HFD. At 14 weeks of age, offspring were subjected to 2.5% DSS in drinking water for 5 days, followed by 5 days of recovery. RESULTS Offspring from maternal HFD had higher body weight gain before DSS induction and had higher liver and fat weights with increased adipocyte size at necropsy. When subjected to DSS treatment, HFD offspring had accelerated body weight loss and exaggerated disease activity index. HFD offspring had an elevated histopathological score and interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 expression with upregulated NF-κB signaling. Maternal HFD resulted in enhanced neutrophil infiltration associated with elevated expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Furthermore, maternal HFD suppressed AMP-activated protein kinase activity and decreased sirtuin 1 and p53 protein contents in offspring gut. CONCLUSIONS Maternal HFD consumption predisposes offspring to a higher susceptibility to develop inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Bibi
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Yifei Kang
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- Corresponding author: Meijun Zhu, Ph.D., Associate Professor, School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163; Phone: (509) 335-4016; Fax: (509) 335-4815;
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21
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Salomäki-Myftari H, Vähätalo LH, Ailanen L, Pietilä S, Laiho A, Hänninen A, Pursiheimo JP, Munukka E, Rintala A, Savontaus E, Pesonen U, Koulu M. Neuropeptide Y Overexpressing Female and Male Mice Show Divergent Metabolic but Not Gut Microbial Responses to Prenatal Metformin Exposure. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163805. [PMID: 27681875 PMCID: PMC5040270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prenatal metformin exposure has been shown to improve the metabolic outcome in the offspring of high fat diet fed dams. However, if this is evident also in a genetic model of obesity and whether gut microbiota has a role, is not known. Methods The metabolic effects of prenatal metformin exposure were investigated in a genetic model of obesity, mice overexpressing neuropeptide Y in the sympathetic nervous system and in brain noradrenergic neurons (OE-NPYDβH). Metformin was given for 18 days to the mated female mice. Body weight, body composition, glucose tolerance and serum parameters of the offspring were investigated on regular diet from weaning and sequentially on western diet (at the age of 5–7 months). Gut microbiota composition was analysed by 16S rRNA sequencing at 10–11 weeks. Results In the male offspring, metformin exposure inhibited weight gain. Moreover, weight of white fat depots and serum insulin and lipids tended to be lower at 7 months. In contrast, in the female offspring, metformin exposure impaired glucose tolerance at 3 months, and subsequently increased body weight gain, fat mass and serum cholesterol. In the gut microbiota, a decline in Erysipelotrichaceae and Odoribacter was detected in the metformin exposed offspring. Furthermore, the abundance of Sutterella tended to be decreased and Parabacteroides increased. Gut microbiota composition of the metformin exposed male offspring correlated to their metabolic phenotype. Conclusion Prenatal metformin exposure caused divergent metabolic phenotypes in the female and male offspring. Nevertheless, gut microbiota of metformin exposed offspring was similarly modified in both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriikka Salomäki-Myftari
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Drug Research Doctoral Programme (DRDP), University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura H. Vähätalo
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Drug Research Doctoral Programme (DRDP), University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Liisa Ailanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Drug Research Doctoral Programme (DRDP), University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sami Pietilä
- Bioinformatics Unit, Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Asta Laiho
- Bioinformatics Unit, Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Arno Hänninen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha-Pekka Pursiheimo
- Turku Clinical Sequencing Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eveliina Munukka
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anniina Rintala
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eriika Savontaus
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ullamari Pesonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Markku Koulu
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- * E-mail:
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22
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Liang X, Yang Q, Fu X, Rogers CJ, Wang B, Pan H, Zhu MJ, Nathanielsz PW, Du M. Maternal obesity epigenetically alters visceral fat progenitor cell properties in male offspring mice. J Physiol 2016; 594:4453-66. [PMID: 27060371 DOI: 10.1113/jp272123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Maternal obesity reduces adipogenic progenitor density in offspring adipose tissue. The ability of adipose tissue expansion in the offspring of obese mothers is limited and is associated with metabolic dysfunction of adipose tissue when challenged with a high-fat diet. Maternal obesity induces DNA demethylation in the promoter of zinc finger protein 423, which renders progenitor cells with a high adipogenic capacity. Maternal obesity demonstrates long-term effects on the adipogenic capacity of progenitor cells in offspring adipose tissue, demonstrating a developmental programming effect. ABSTRACT Maternal obesity (MO) programs offspring obesity and metabolic disorders, although the underlying mechanisms remain poorly defined. Progenitor cells are the source of new adipocytes. The present study aimed to test whether MO epigenetically predisposes adipocyte progenitors in the fat of offspring to adipogenic differentiation and subsequent depletion, which leads to a failure of adipose tissue plasticity under positive energy balance, contributing to adipose tissue metabolic dysfunction. C57BL/6 female mice were fed either a control diet (10% energy from fat) or a high-fat diet (45% energy from fat) for 8 weeks before mating. Male offspring of control (Con) and obese (OB) dams were weaned onto a regular (Reg) or obesogenic (Obe) diet until 3 months of age. At weaning, male OB offspring had a higher expression of Zinc finger protein 423 (zfp423), a key transcription factor in adipogenesis, as well as lower DNA methylation of its promoter in progenitors of epididymal fat compared to Con offspring, which was correlated with enhanced adipogenic differentiation. At 3 months of age, progenitor density was 30.9 ± 9.7% lower in OB/Obe compared to Con/Obe mice, accompanied by a limited expansion of the adipocyte number when challenged with a high-energy diet. This difference was associated with lower DNA methylation in the zfp423 promoter in the epididymal fat of OB/Obe offspring, which was correlated with greater macrophage chemotactic protein-1 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α expression. In summary, MO epigenetically limits the expansion capacity of offspring adipose tissue, providing an explanation for the adipose metabolic dysfunction of male offspring in the setting of MO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwei Liang
- Washington Centre for Muscle Biology and Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Qiyuan Yang
- Washington Centre for Muscle Biology and Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Xing Fu
- Washington Centre for Muscle Biology and Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Carl J Rogers
- Washington Centre for Muscle Biology and Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Washington Centre for Muscle Biology and Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Hong Pan
- Washington Centre for Muscle Biology and Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Peter W Nathanielsz
- Wyoming Pregnancy and Life Course Health Centre, Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Min Du
- Washington Centre for Muscle Biology and Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Wang B, Yang Q, Harris CL, Nelson ML, Busboom JR, Zhu MJ, Du M. Nutrigenomic regulation of adipose tissue development - role of retinoic acid: A review. Meat Sci 2016; 120:100-106. [PMID: 27086067 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To improve the efficiency of animal production, livestock have been extensively selected or managed to reduce fat accumulation and increase lean growth, which reduces intramuscular or marbling fat content. To enhance marbling, a better understanding of the mechanisms regulating adipogenesis is needed. Vitamin A has recently been shown to have a profound impact on all stages of adipogenesis. Retinoic acid, an active metabolite of vitamin A, activates both retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR), inducing epigenetic changes in key regulatory genes governing adipogenesis. Additionally, Vitamin D and folates interact with the retinoic acid receptors to regulate adipogenesis. In this review, we discuss nutritional regulation of adipogenesis, focusing on retinoic acid and its impact on epigenetic modifications of key adipogenic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
| | - Qiyuan Yang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
| | - Corrine L Harris
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
| | - Mark L Nelson
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
| | - Jan R Busboom
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States.
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24
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Penfold NC, Ozanne SE. Developmental programming by maternal obesity in 2015: Outcomes, mechanisms, and potential interventions. Horm Behav 2015; 76:143-52. [PMID: 26145566 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This article is part of a Special Issue "SBN 2014". Obesity in women of child-bearing age is a growing problem in developed and developing countries. Evidence from human studies indicates that maternal BMI correlates with offspring adiposity from an early age and predisposes to metabolic disease in later life. Thus the early life environment is an attractive target for intervention to improve public health. Animal models have been used to investigate the specific physiological outcomes and mechanisms of developmental programming that result from exposure to maternal obesity in utero. From this research, targeted intervention strategies can be designed. In this review we summarise recent progress in this field, with a focus on cardiometabolic disease and central control of appetite and behaviour. We highlight key factors that may mediate programming by maternal obesity, including leptin, insulin, and ghrelin. Finally, we explore potential lifestyle and pharmacological interventions in humans and the current state of evidence from animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi C Penfold
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Susan E Ozanne
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
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25
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Pereira TJ, Moyce BL, Kereliuk SM, Dolinsky VW. Influence of maternal overnutrition and gestational diabetes on the programming of metabolic health outcomes in the offspring: experimental evidence. Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 93:438-451. [PMID: 25673017 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2014-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus have risen across the world during the past few decades and has also reached an alarming level among children. In addition, women are currently more likely than ever to enter pregnancy obese. As a result, the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus is also on the rise. While diet and lifestyle contribute to these trends, population health data show that maternal obesity and diabetes during pregnancy during critical stages of development are major factors that contribute to the development of chronic disease in adolescent and adult offspring. Fetal programming of metabolic function, through physiological and (or) epigenetic mechanisms, may also have an intergenerational effect, and as a result may perpetuate metabolic disorders in the next generation. In this review, we summarize the existing literature that characterizes how maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus contribute to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders in the offspring. In particular, we focus on animal studies that investigate the molecular mechanisms that are programmed by the gestational environment and lead to disease phenotypes in the offspring. We also review interventional studies that prevent disease with a developmental origin in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy J Pereira
- University of Manitoba, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- University of Manitoba, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Brittany L Moyce
- University of Manitoba, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- University of Manitoba, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Stephanie M Kereliuk
- University of Manitoba, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- University of Manitoba, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Vernon W Dolinsky
- University of Manitoba, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- University of Manitoba, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
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26
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Salomäki H, Heinäniemi M, Vähätalo LH, Ailanen L, Eerola K, Ruohonen ST, Pesonen U, Koulu M. Prenatal metformin exposure in a maternal high fat diet mouse model alters the transcriptome and modifies the metabolic responses of the offspring. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115778. [PMID: 25541979 PMCID: PMC4277397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Despite the wide use of metformin in metabolically challenged pregnancies, the long-term effects on the metabolism of the offspring are not known. We studied the long-term effects of prenatal metformin exposure during metabolically challenged pregnancy in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female mice were on a high fat diet (HFD) prior to and during the gestation. Metformin was administered during gestation from E0.5 to E17.5. Male and female offspring were weaned to a regular diet (RD) and subjected to HFD at adulthood (10-11 weeks). Body weight and several metabolic parameters (e.g. body composition and glucose tolerance) were measured during the study. Microarray and subsequent pathway analyses on the liver and subcutaneous adipose tissue of the male offspring were performed at postnatal day 4 in a separate experiment. RESULTS Prenatal metformin exposure changed the offspring's response to HFD. Metformin exposed offspring gained less body weight and adipose tissue during the HFD phase. Additionally, prenatal metformin exposure prevented HFD-induced impairment in glucose tolerance. Microarray and annotation analyses revealed metformin-induced changes in several metabolic pathways from which electron transport chain (ETC) was prominently affected both in the neonatal liver and adipose tissue. CONCLUSION This study shows the beneficial effects of prenatal metformin exposure on the offspring's glucose tolerance and fat mass accumulation during HFD. The transcriptome data obtained at neonatal age indicates major effects on the genes involved in mitochondrial ATP production and adipocyte differentiation suggesting the mechanistic routes to improved metabolic phenotype at adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriikka Salomäki
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- Drug Research Doctoral Programme (DRDP), University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Merja Heinäniemi
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Laura H. Vähätalo
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- Drug Research Doctoral Programme (DRDP), University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling (TCDM), University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Liisa Ailanen
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- Drug Research Doctoral Programme (DRDP), University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling (TCDM), University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Kim Eerola
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- Drug Research Doctoral Programme (DRDP), University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling (TCDM), University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Suvi T. Ruohonen
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling (TCDM), University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Ullamari Pesonen
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Markku Koulu
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
The importance of skeletal muscle for metabolic health and obesity prevention is gradually gaining recognition. As a result, interventions are being developed to increase or maintain muscle mass and metabolic function in adult and elderly populations. These interventions include exercise, hormonal and nutritional therapies. Nonetheless, growing evidence suggests that maternal malnutrition and obesity during pregnancy and lactation impede skeletal muscle development and growth in the offspring, with long-term functional consequences lasting into adult life. Here we review the role of skeletal muscle in health and obesity, providing an insight into how this tissue develops and discuss evidence that maternal obesity affects its development, growth and function into adult life. Such evidence warrants the need to develop early life interventions to optimise skeletal muscle development and growth in the offspring and thereby maximise metabolic health into adult life.
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Astiz S, Gonzalez-Bulnes A, Astiz I, Barbero A, Perez-Solana M, Garcia-Real I. Advanced onset of puberty after metformin therapy in swine with thrifty genotype. Exp Physiol 2014; 99:1241-52. [DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2014.081455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Astiz
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal; INIA, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n. 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - A. Gonzalez-Bulnes
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal; INIA, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n. 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - I. Astiz
- Unidad de Pediatría; Atención Primaria; Centro de Salud Ciudad San Pablo; Avenida de Madrid; 13 Coslada 28022 Madrid Spain
| | - A. Barbero
- Departamento Medicina y Cirugía Animal; Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Ciudad Universitaria s/n; 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - M.L. Perez-Solana
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal; INIA, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n. 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - I. Garcia-Real
- Departamento Medicina y Cirugía Animal; Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Ciudad Universitaria s/n; 28040 Madrid Spain
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Yang QY, Liang JF, Rogers CJ, Zhao JX, Zhu MJ, Du M. Maternal obesity induces epigenetic modifications to facilitate Zfp423 expression and enhance adipogenic differentiation in fetal mice. Diabetes 2013; 62:3727-35. [PMID: 23884886 PMCID: PMC3806589 DOI: 10.2337/db13-0433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Maternal obesity (MO) predisposes offspring to obesity and type 2 diabetes despite poorly defined mechanisms. Zfp423 is the key transcription factor committing cells to the adipogenic lineage, with exceptionally dense CpG sites in its promoter. We hypothesized that MO enhances adipogenic differentiation during fetal development through inducing epigenetic changes in the Zfp423 promoter and elevating its expression. Female mice were subjected to a control (Con) or obesogenic (OB) diet for 2 months, mated, and maintained on their diets during pregnancy. Fetal tissue was harvested at embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5), when the early adipogenic commitment is initiated. The Zfp423 expression was 3.6-fold higher and DNA methylation in the Zfp423 promoter was lower in OB compared with Con. Correspondingly, repressive histone methylation (H3K27me3) was lower in the Zfp423 promoter of OB fetal tissue, accompanied by reduced binding of enhancer of zeste 2 (EZH2). Gain- and loss-of-function analysis showed that Zfp423 regulates early adipogenic differentiation in fetal progenitor cells. In summary, MO enhanced Zfp423 expression and adipogenic differentiation during fetal development, at least partially through reducing DNA methylation in the Zfp423 promoter, which is expected to durably elevate adipogenic differentiation of progenitor cells in adult tissue, programming adiposity and metabolic dysfunction later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Yuan Yang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
- Developmental Biology Group, Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
| | - Jun-Fang Liang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Carl J. Rogers
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Jun-Xing Zhao
- Developmental Biology Group, Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- Developmental Biology Group, Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
- Developmental Biology Group, Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
- Corresponding author: Min Du,
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30
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AMP-activated protein kinase α1 but not α2 catalytic subunit potentiates myogenin expression and myogenesis. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:4517-25. [PMID: 24043309 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01078-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The link between AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and myogenesis remains poorly defined. AMPK has two catalytic α subunits, α1 and α2. We postulated that AMPK promotes myogenesis in an isoform-specific manner. Primary myoblasts were prepared from AMPK knockout (KO) mice and AMPK conditional KO mice, and knockout of the α1 but not the α2 subunit resulted in downregulation of myogenin and reduced myogenesis. Myogenin expression and myogenesis were nearly abolished in the absence of both AMPKα1 and AMPKα2, while enhanced AMPK activity promoted myogenesis and myotube formation. The AMPKα1-specific effect on myogenesis was likely due to the dominant expression of α1 in myoblasts. These results were confirmed in C2C12 cells. To further evaluate the necessity of the AMPKα1 subunit for myogenesis in vivo, we prepared both DsRed AMPKα1 knockout myoblasts and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) wild-type myoblasts, which were cotransplanted into tibialis anterior muscle. A number of green fluorescent muscle fibers were observed, showing the fusion of engrafted wild-type myoblasts with muscle fibers; on the other hand, very few or no red muscle fibers were observed, indicating the absence of myogenic capacity of AMPKα1 knockout myoblasts. In summary, these results indicate that AMPK activity promotes myogenesis through a mechanism mediated by AMPKα1.
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Fu X, Zhao JX, Liang J, Zhu MJ, Foretz M, Viollet B, Du M. AMP-activated protein kinase mediates myogenin expression and myogenesis via histone deacetylase 5. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2013; 305:C887-95. [PMID: 23926128 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00124.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There is a global epidemic of obesity, and obesity is known to inhibit AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity and impairs myogenesis. Myogenin mediates the fusion of myoblasts into myotubes, a critical step in myogenesis. We observed that inhibition of AMPKα1 downregulates myogenin expression and myogenesis, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We postulated that AMPK regulates myogenin expression through phosphorlytion of histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5). In C2C12 cells, HDAC5 knockdown increased while HDAC5 stablization by MC1568 reduced myogenin expression. Consistently, using luciferase assay, we observed that myogenin promoter activity was negatively regulated by HDAC5. Using RNA interference and primary myoblasts prepared from wild-type and AMPKα1 knockout mice, we further demonstrate that AMPKα1 regulates HDAC5 phosphorylation at Ser 259 and 498. Mutation of these two Ser to Ala in HDAC5 abolished the regulatory role of AMPKα1 on myogenin expression, clearly showing the necessity of these phosphorylation sites in mediating myogenin expression. In aggregate, these data show that AMPK inhibition downregulates myogenin transcription and myogenesis through phosphorylation of HDAC5, mediated mainly by AMPKα1. These data demonstrate that AMPK is a key molecular target for promoting myogenesis and muscular regeneration. Because drugs activating AMPK activity, such as metformin, are widely available, our finding has critical clinical implications to ensure proper muscle development and regeneration in obese subjects and under other pathophysiological conditions where AMPK activity is attenuated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Fu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
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