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Bharathan NK, Mattheyses AL, Kowalczyk AP. The desmosome comes into focus. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202404120. [PMID: 39120608 PMCID: PMC11317759 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202404120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The desmosome is a cell-cell adhesive junction that provides integrity and mechanical resistance to tissues through its attachment to the intermediate filament cytoskeleton. Defects in desmosomes cause diseases impacting the heart, epidermis, and other epithelia. In this review, we provide a historical perspective on the discovery of the desmosome and how the evolution of cellular imaging technologies revealed insights into desmosome structure and function. We also discuss recent findings using contemporary imaging approaches that have informed the molecular order, three-dimensional architecture, and associations of desmosomes with organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum. Finally, we provide an updated model of desmosome molecular organization and speculate upon novel functions of this cell junction as a signaling center for sensing mechanical and other forms of cell stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navaneetha Krishnan Bharathan
- Departments of Dermatology and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Alexa L Mattheyses
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Andrew P Kowalczyk
- Departments of Dermatology and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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2
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Liu YQ, Xu YW, Zheng ZT, Li D, Hong CQ, Dai HQ, Wang JH, Chu LY, Liao LD, Zou HY, Li EM, Xie JJ, Fang WK. Serine/threonine-protein kinase D2-mediated phosphorylation of DSG2 threonine 730 promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression. J Pathol 2024; 263:99-112. [PMID: 38411280 DOI: 10.1002/path.6264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Desmoglein-2 (DSG2) is a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the desmosomal cadherin family, which mediates cell-cell junctions; regulates cell proliferation, migration, and invasion; and promotes tumor development and metastasis. We previously showed serum DSG2 to be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), although the significance and underlying molecular mechanisms were not identified. Here, we found that DSG2 was increased in ESCC tissues compared with adjacent tissues. In addition, we demonstrated that DSG2 promoted ESCC cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, using interactome analysis, we identified serine/threonine-protein kinase D2 (PRKD2) as a novel DSG2 kinase that mediates the phosphorylation of DSG2 at threonine 730 (T730). Functionally, DSG2 promoted ESCC cell migration and invasion dependent on DSG2-T730 phosphorylation. Mechanistically, DSG2 T730 phosphorylation activated EGFR, Src, AKT, and ERK signaling pathways. In addition, DSG2 and PRKD2 were positively correlated with each other, and the overall survival time of ESCC patients with high DSG2 and PRKD2 was shorter than that of patients with low DSG2 and PRKD2 levels. In summary, PRKD2 is a novel DSG2 kinase, and PRKD2-mediated DSG2 T730 phosphorylation promotes ESCC progression. These findings may facilitate the development of future therapeutic agents that target DSG2 and DSG2 phosphorylation. © 2024 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Qiao Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
| | - Yi-Wei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
| | - Zheng-Tan Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
| | - Die Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
| | - Chao-Qun Hong
- Department of Oncological Laboratory Research, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
| | - Hao-Qiang Dai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
| | - Jun-Hao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
| | - Ling-Yu Chu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
| | - Lian-Di Liao
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
| | - Hai-Ying Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
| | - En-Min Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
- Shantou Academy Medical Sciences, Shantou, PR China
| | - Jian-Jun Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
| | - Wang-Kai Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
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3
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Zimmer SE, Giang W, Levental I, Kowalczyk AP. The transmembrane domain of the desmosomal cadherin desmoglein-1 governs lipid raft association to promote desmosome adhesive strength. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.24.590936. [PMID: 38712246 PMCID: PMC11071526 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.24.590936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Cholesterol- and sphingolipid-enriched domains called lipid rafts are hypothesized to selectively coordinate protein complex assembly within the plasma membrane to regulate cellular functions. Desmosomes are mechanically resilient adhesive junctions that associate with lipid raft membrane domains, yet the mechanisms directing raft association of the desmosomal proteins, particularly the transmembrane desmosomal cadherins, are poorly understood. We identified the desmoglein-1 (DSG1) transmembrane domain (TMD) as a key determinant of desmoglein lipid raft association and designed a panel of DSG1 TMD variants to assess the contribution of TMD physicochemical properties (length, bulkiness, and palmitoylation) to DSG1 lipid raft association. Sucrose gradient fractionations revealed that TMD length and bulkiness, but not palmitoylation, govern DSG1 lipid raft association. Further, DSG1 raft association determines plakoglobin recruitment to raft domains. Super-resolution imaging and functional assays uncovered a strong relationship between the efficiency of DSG1 TMD lipid raft association and the formation of morphologically and functionally robust desmosomes. Lipid raft association regulated both desmosome assembly dynamics and DSG1 cell surface stability, indicating that DSG1 lipid raft association is required for both desmosome formation and maintenance. These studies identify the biophysical properties of desmoglein transmembrane domains as key determinants of lipid raft association and desmosome adhesive function.
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Fülle JB, de Almeida RA, Lawless C, Stockdale L, Yanes B, Lane EB, Garrod DR, Ballestrem C. Proximity Mapping of Desmosomes Reveals a Striking Shift in Their Molecular Neighborhood Associated With Maturation. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024; 23:100735. [PMID: 38342409 PMCID: PMC10943070 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Desmosomes are multiprotein adhesion complexes that link intermediate filaments to the plasma membrane, ensuring the mechanical integrity of cells across tissues, but how they participate in the wider signaling network to exert their full function is unclear. To investigate this, we carried out protein proximity mapping using biotinylation (BioID). The combined interactomes of the essential desmosomal proteins desmocollin 2a, plakoglobin, and plakophilin 2a (Pkp2a) in Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cells were mapped and their differences and commonalities characterized as desmosome matured from Ca2+ dependence to the mature, Ca2+-independent, hyper-adhesive state, which predominates in tissues. Results suggest that individual desmosomal proteins have distinct roles in connecting to cellular signaling pathways and that these roles alter substantially when cells change their adhesion state. The data provide further support for a dualistic concept of desmosomes in which the properties of Pkp2a differ from those of the other, more stable proteins. This body of data provides an invaluable resource for the analysis of desmosome function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith B Fülle
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Craig Lawless
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Liam Stockdale
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Bian Yanes
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - E Birgitte Lane
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency of Science Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - David R Garrod
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Christoph Ballestrem
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Myo Min KK, Ffrench CB, McClure BJ, Ortiz M, Dorward EL, Samuel MS, Ebert LM, Mahoney MG, Bonder CS. Desmoglein-2 as a cancer modulator: friend or foe? Front Oncol 2023; 13:1327478. [PMID: 38188287 PMCID: PMC10766750 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1327478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Desmoglein-2 (DSG2) is a calcium-binding single pass transmembrane glycoprotein and a member of the large cadherin family. Until recently, DSG2 was thought to only function as a cell adhesion protein embedded within desmosome junctions designed to enable cells to better tolerate mechanical stress. However, additional roles for DSG2 outside of desmosomes are continuing to emerge, particularly in cancer. Herein, we review the current literature on DSG2 in cancer and detail its impact on biological functions such as cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, invasion, intracellular signaling, extracellular vesicle release and vasculogenic mimicry. An increased understanding of the diverse repertoire of the biological functions of DSG2 holds promise to exploit this cell surface protein as a potential prognostic biomarker and/or target for better patient outcomes. This review explores the canonical and non-canonical functions of DSG2, as well as the context-dependent impacts of DSG2 in the realm of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay K. Myo Min
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Charlie B. Ffrench
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Barbara J. McClure
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael Ortiz
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Emma L. Dorward
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael S. Samuel
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Basil Hetzel Institute, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, SA, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lisa M. Ebert
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mỹ G. Mahoney
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Claudine S. Bonder
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Chen L, Liu Y, Xu Y, Afify SM, Gao A, Du J, Liu B, Fu X, Liu Y, Yan T, Zhu Z, Seno M. Up-regulation of Dsg2 confered stem cells with malignancy through wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res 2023; 422:113416. [PMID: 36375513 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In the previous study, we originally developed cancer stem cells (CSCs) models from mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (miPSCs) by culturing miPSCs in the conditioned medium of cancer cell lines, which mimiced as carcinoma microenvironment. However, the molecular mechanism of conversion in detail remains to be uncovered. Microarray analysis of the CSCs models in this study revealed Dsg2, one of the members of the desmosomal cadherin family, was up-regulated when compared with the original miPSCs. Moreover, the expression of key factors in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were also found up-regulated in one of the CSCs models, named miPS-LLCcm. An autocrine loop was implied between Dsg2 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway when miPSCs were treated with Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activators, Wnt3a and CHIR99021, and when the CSCs model were treated with inhibitors, IWR-1 and IWP-2. Furthermore, the ability of proliferation and self-renewal in the CSCs model was markedly decreased in vitro and in vivo when Dsg2 gene was knocked down by shRNA. Our results showed that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is activated by the up-regulation of Dsg2 expresssion during the conversion of miPSCs into CSCs implying a potential mechanism of the tranformation of stem cells into malignant phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Gynecology Obstetrics Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin, 300100, PR China
| | - Yanxia Liu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Gynecology Obstetrics Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin, 300100, PR China; Department of Pathology, Jiangyin People's Hospital, Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of the Southeast University Medical College, Jiangyin, 214400, PR China
| | - Yanning Xu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Gynecology Obstetrics Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin, 300100, PR China; Department of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan; Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Said M Afify
- Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan; Division of Biochemistry, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El Koum-Menoufia 32511, Egypt
| | - Ang Gao
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan; Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Bingbing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Gynecology Obstetrics Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin, 300100, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Fu
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan; Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yixin Liu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Gynecology Obstetrics Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin, 300100, PR China
| | - Ting Yan
- Department of Pathology & Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research on Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
| | - Zhengmao Zhu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China.
| | - Masaharu Seno
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan; Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan; Department of Cancer Stem Cell Engineering, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Institute of Academic & Research, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
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Moch M, Schieren J, Leube RE. Cortical tension regulates desmosomal morphogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:946190. [PMID: 36268507 PMCID: PMC9577410 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.946190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stability is a fundamental and essential property of epithelial cell sheets. It is in large part determined by cell-cell adhesion sites that are tightly integrated by the cortical cytoskeleton. An intimate crosstalk between the adherens junction-associated contractile actomyosin system and the desmosome-anchored keratin intermediate filament system is decisive for dynamic regulation of epithelial mechanics. A major question in the field is whether and in which way mechanical stress affects junctional plasticity. This is especially true for the desmosome-keratin scaffold whose role in force-sensing is virtually unknown. To examine this question, we inactivated the actomyosin system in human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and canine kidney cells (MDCK) and monitored changes in desmosomal protein turnover. Partial inhibition of myosin II by para-nitro-blebbistatin led to a decrease of the cells' elastic modulus and to reduced desmosomal protein turnover in regions where nascent desmosomes are formed and, to a lower degree, in regions where larger, more mature desmosomes are present. Interestingly, desmosomal proteins are affected differently: a significant decrease in turnover was observed for the desmosomal plaque protein desmoplakin I (DspI), which links keratin filaments to the desmosomal core, and the transmembrane cadherin desmoglein 2 (Dsg2). On the other hand, the turnover of another type of desmosomal cadherin, desmocollin 2 (Dsc2), was not significantly altered under the tested conditions. Similarly, the turnover of the adherens junction-associated E-cadherin was not affected by the low doses of para-nitro-blebbistatin. Inhibition of actin polymerization by low dose latrunculin B treatment and of ROCK-driven actomyosin contractility by Y-27632 treatment also induced a significant decrease in desmosomal DspI turnover. Taken together, we conclude that changes in the cortical force balance affect desmosome formation and growth. Furthermore, they differentially modulate desmosomal protein turnover resulting in changes of desmosome composition. We take the observations as evidence for a hitherto unknown desmosomal mechanosensing and mechanoresponse pathway responding to an altered force balance.
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Jiang Y, Senyuk V, Ma K, Chen H, Qin X, Li S, Liu Y, Gentile S, Minshall RD. Pharmacological Activation of Potassium Channel Kv11.1 with NS1643 Attenuates Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cell Migration by Promoting the Dephosphorylation of Caveolin-1. Cells 2022; 11:2461. [PMID: 35954304 PMCID: PMC9368491 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevention of metastasis is a central goal of cancer therapy. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is a structural membrane and scaffolding protein shown to be a key regulator of late-stage breast cancer metastasis. However, therapeutic strategies targeting Cav-1 are still lacking. Here, we demonstrate that the pharmacological activation of potassium channel Kv11.1, which is uniquely expressed in MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer cells (TNBCs) but not in normal MCF-10A cells, induces the dephosphorylation of Cav-1 Tyr-14 by promoting the Ca2+-dependent stimulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). Consequently, the dephosphorylation of Cav-1 resulted in its disassociation from β-catenin, which enabled the accumulation of β-catenin at cell borders, where it facilitated the formation of cell-cell adhesion complexes via interactions with R-cadherin and desmosomal proteins. Kv11.1 activation-dependent Cav-1 dephosphorylation induced with NS1643 also reduced cell migration and invasion, consistent with its ability to regulate focal adhesion dynamics. Thus, this study sheds light on a novel pharmacological mechanism of promoting Cav-1 dephosphorylation, which may prove to be effective at reducing metastasis and promoting contact inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Vitalyi Senyuk
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ke Ma
- Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Hui Chen
- Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Xiang Qin
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Shun Li
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yiyao Liu
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Saverio Gentile
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- UI Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Richard D. Minshall
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- UI Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Yang T, Jia L, Bian S, Chang X, Zhang Q, Tang Q, Zhu J, Yang Z, Feng Z. TROP2 Down-Regulated DSG2 to Promote Gastric Cancer Cell Invasion and Migration by EGFR/AKT and DSG2/PG/β-Catenin Pathways. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2022; 22:691-702. [PMID: 35392784 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220407111013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Explore the specific mechanism of TROP2 in promoting cancer in gastric cancer, and provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer. Background Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most commonly found cancer and the second highest cause of cancer related death worldwide, TROP2 overexpression is closely related with many cancers including gastrointestinal tumors, DSG2 is an important protein in cell adhesion and its loss is related to cell migration. OBJECTIVE Explore the specific mechanism of TROP2 in promoting cancer in gastric cancer, and provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer. METHOD DSG2 was identified as an interacting protein of TROP2 in GC cells by co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry. The regulated behavior of TROP2 on DSG2 expression was investigated with TROP2 over-expressure or knockdown. Cell-cell adhesion capacity medicated by DSG2 was evaluated by adhesion related assays. Electron microscope observation was utilized for accessing GC tumor desmosome assembly. Proteins in EGFR/AKT and DSG2/PG/β-catenin pathways were evaluated by western blotting. RESULT This study suggests that abundant expression of TROP2 in GC cells lessened DSG2 levels as well as desmosome adhesion, increased cell invasion, migration and promoted malignant progression through EGFR/AKT and DSG2/PG/β-catenin pathways. CONCLUSION TROP2 promotes gastric cancer cell invasion and migration by decreasing DSG2 expression through EGFR/AKT and DSG2/PG/β-catenin pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Lizhou Jia
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Susu Bian
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xinxia Chang
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Zhiping Yang
- Cancer Center, Bayannur Hospital, Bayannur, Inner Mongolia 015000, China
| | - Zhenqing Feng
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab. of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
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10
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Jiang Y, Liu S, Shen S, Guo H, Huang H, Wei W. Methyl-β-cyclodextrin inhibits EV-D68 virus entry by perturbing the accumulation of virus particles and ICAM-5 in lipid rafts. Antiviral Res 2020; 176:104752. [PMID: 32101770 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is a member of the Picornavirus family and a causative agent of respiratory diseases in children. The incidence of EV-D68 infection has increased worldwide in recent years. Thus far, there are no approved antiviral agents or vaccines for EV-D68. Here, we show that methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD), a common drug that disrupts lipid rafts, specifically inhibits EV-D68 infection without producing significant cytotoxicity at virucidal concentrations. The addition of exogenous cholesterol attenuated the anti-EV-D68 activity of MβCD. MβCD treatment had a weak influence on the attachment of viral particles to the cell membrane but significantly inhibited EV-D68 entry into host cells. We demonstrated that EV-D68 facilitated the translocation of the viral receptor ICAM-5 to membrane rafts in infected cells. The colocalization of viral particles with ICAM-5 in lipid rafts was thoroughly abolished in cells after treatment with MβCD. Finally, we showed that MβCD inhibited the replication of isolated circulating EV-D68 strains. In summary, our results demonstrate that MβCD suppresses EV-D68 replication by perturbing the accumulation of virus particles and ICAM-5 in lipid rafts. This mechanism represents a promising strategy for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Jiang
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China; Department of Pathogenobiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Shunan Liu
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Siyu Shen
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Haoran Guo
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Honglan Huang
- Department of Pathogenobiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China.
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11
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Moch M, Schwarz N, Windoffer R, Leube RE. The keratin-desmosome scaffold: pivotal role of desmosomes for keratin network morphogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:543-558. [PMID: 31243490 PMCID: PMC7010626 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03198-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Desmosome-anchored keratin intermediate filaments (KFs) are essential for epithelial coherence. Yet, desmosomal KF attachment and network organization are still unexplored in vivo. We, therefore, monitored KF network morphogenesis in fluorescent keratin 8 knock-in murine embryos revealing keratin enrichment at newly formed desmosomes followed by KF formation, KF elongation and KF fusion. To examine details of this process and its coupling to desmosome formation, we studied fluorescent keratin and desmosomal protein reporter dynamics in the periphery of expanding HaCaT keratinocyte colonies. Less than 3 min after the start of desmosomal proteins clustering non-filamentous keratin enriched at these sites followed by KF formation and elongation. Subsequently, desmosome-anchored KFs merged into stable bundles generating a rim-and-spokes system consisting of subcortical KFs connecting desmosomes to each other and radial KFs connecting desmosomes to the cytoplasmic KF network. We conclude that desmosomes are organizing centers for the KF cytoskeleton with a hitherto unknown nucleation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Moch
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nicole Schwarz
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Windoffer
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rudolf E Leube
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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12
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Nader M. The SLMAP/Striatin complex: An emerging regulator of normal and abnormal cardiac excitation-contraction coupling. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 858:172491. [PMID: 31233748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The excitation-contraction (E-C) module involves a harmonized correspondence between the sarcolemma and the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This is provided by membrane proteins, which primarily shape the caveolae, the T-tubule/Sarcoplasmic reticulum (TT/SR) junction, and the intercalated discs (ICDs). Distortion of either one of these structures impairs myocardial contraction, and subsequently translates into cardiac failure. Thus, detailed studies on the molecular cues of the E-C module are becoming increasingly necessary to pharmacologically eradicate cardiac failure Herein we reviewed the organization of caveolae, TT/SR junctions, and the ICDs in the heart, with special attention to the Sarcolemma Membrane Associated Protein (SLMAP) and striatin (STRN) in cardiac membranes biology and cardiomyocyte contraction. We emphasized on their in vivo and in vitro signaling in cardiac function/dysfunction. SLMAP is a cardiac membrane protein that plays an important role in E-C coupling and the adrenergic response of the heart. Similarly, STRN is a dynamic protein that is also involved in cardiac E-C coupling and ICD-related cardiomyopathies. Both SLMAP and STRN are linked to cardiac conditions, including heart failure, and their role in cardiomyocyte function was elucidated in our laboratory. They interact together in a protein complex that holds therapeutic potentials for cardiac dysfunction. This review is the first of its kind to conceptualize the role of the SLMAP/STRN complex in cardiac function and failure. It provides in depth information on the signaling of these two proteins and projects their interaction as a novel therapeutic target for cardiac failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moni Nader
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, 11533, P.O. Box 50927, Saudi Arabia; Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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13
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Xie C, Ji N, Tang Z, Li J, Chen Q. The role of extracellular vesicles from different origin in the microenvironment of head and neck cancers. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:83. [PMID: 30954079 PMCID: PMC6451295 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-0985-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The proliferation and metastasis ability of tumors are mediate by the "mutual dialogue" between cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Extracellular vesicles (EVs), mainly exosomes and microvesicles, play an important role in achieving intercellular substance transport and information transfer in the TME. Initially considered "garbage dumpsters" and later referred to as "signal boxes", EVs carry "cargo" (proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids) that can redirect the function of a recipient cell. Currently, the molecular mechanisms and clinical applications of EVs in head and neck cancers (HNCs) are still at an early stage and need to be further investigate. In this review, we provide insight into the TME of HNCs, classifying and summarizing EVs derived from different cell types and illuminating their complex signaling networks involved in mediating tumor proliferation, invasion and metastasis, vascular angiogenesis and cancer drug resistance. In addition, we highlight the application of EVs in HNCs, underlining the special pathological and physiological environment of HNCs. The application of tumor heterogeneous EVs in saliva and circulating blood diagnostics will provide a new perspective for the early screening, real-time monitoring and prognostic risk assessment of HNCs. Given the concept of precise and individual therapy, nanostructured EVs are equipped with superior characteristics of biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, loadability and modification ability, making these molecules one of the new strategies for HNCs treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Xie
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomalogical Hospital & School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ning Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhangui Tang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomalogical Hospital & School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
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14
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Lewis JD, Caldara AL, Zimmer SE, Stahley SN, Seybold A, Strong NL, Frangakis AS, Levental I, Wahl JK, Mattheyses AL, Sasaki T, Nakabayashi K, Hata K, Matsubara Y, Ishida-Yamamoto A, Amagai M, Kubo A, Kowalczyk AP. The desmosome is a mesoscale lipid raft-like membrane domain. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:1390-1405. [PMID: 30943110 PMCID: PMC6724694 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-10-0649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmogleins (Dsgs) are cadherin family adhesion molecules essential for epidermal integrity. Previous studies have shown that desmogleins associate with lipid rafts, but the significance of this association was not clear. Here, we report that the desmoglein transmembrane domain (TMD) is the primary determinant of raft association. Further, we identify a novel mutation in the DSG1 TMD (G562R) that causes severe dermatitis, multiple allergies, and metabolic wasting syndrome. Molecular modeling predicts that this G-to-R mutation shortens the DSG1 TMD, and experiments directly demonstrate that this mutation compromises both lipid raft association and desmosome incorporation. Finally, cryo-electron tomography indicates that the lipid bilayer within the desmosome is ∼10% thicker than adjacent regions of the plasma membrane. These findings suggest that differences in bilayer thickness influence the organization of adhesion molecules within the epithelial plasma membrane, with cadherin TMDs recruited to the desmosome via the establishment of a specialized mesoscale lipid raft-like membrane domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Lewis
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Department of Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Amber L Caldara
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Department of Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Stephanie E Zimmer
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Department of Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Sara N Stahley
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Department of Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Anna Seybold
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany.,Institute for Biophysics, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nicole L Strong
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Achilleas S Frangakis
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany.,Institute for Biophysics, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ilya Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - James K Wahl
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | - Alexa L Mattheyses
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Takashi Sasaki
- Center for Supercentenarian Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | | | - Kenichiro Hata
- National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Matsubara
- National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akemi Ishida-Yamamoto
- Department of Dermatology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Masayuki Amagai
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Akiharu Kubo
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Andrew P Kowalczyk
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Department of Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Department of Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
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15
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Choi YJ, Laclef C, Yang N, Andreu-Cervera A, Lewis J, Mao X, Li L, Snedecor ER, Takemaru KI, Qin C, Schneider-Maunoury S, Shroyer KR, Hannun YA, Koch PJ, Clark RA, Payne AS, Kowalczyk AP, Chen J. RPGRIP1L is required for stabilizing epidermal keratinocyte adhesion through regulating desmoglein endocytosis. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1007914. [PMID: 30689641 PMCID: PMC6366717 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cilia-related proteins are believed to be involved in a broad range of cellular processes. Retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator interacting protein 1-like (RPGRIP1L) is a ciliary protein required for ciliogenesis in many cell types, including epidermal keratinocytes. Here we report that RPGRIP1L is also involved in the maintenance of desmosomal junctions between keratinocytes. Genetically disrupting the Rpgrip1l gene in mice caused intraepidermal blistering, primarily between basal and suprabasal keratinocytes. This blistering phenotype was associated with aberrant expression patterns of desmosomal proteins, impaired desmosome ultrastructure, and compromised cell-cell adhesion in vivo and in vitro. We found that disrupting the RPGRIP1L gene in HaCaT cells, which do not form primary cilia, resulted in mislocalization of desmosomal proteins to the cytoplasm, suggesting a cilia-independent function of RPGRIP1L. Mechanistically, we found that RPGRIP1L regulates the endocytosis of desmogleins such that RPGRIP1L-knockdown not only induced spontaneous desmoglein endocytosis, as determined by AK23 labeling and biotinylation assays, but also exacerbated EGTA- or pemphigus vulgaris IgG-induced desmoglein endocytosis. Accordingly, inhibiting endocytosis with dynasore or sucrose rescued these desmosomal phenotypes. Biotinylation assays on cell surface proteins not only reinforced the role of RPGRIP1L in desmoglein endocytosis, but also suggested that RPGRIP1L may be more broadly involved in endocytosis. Thus, data obtained from this study advanced our understanding of the biological functions of RPGRIP1L by identifying its role in the cellular endocytic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Ja Choi
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
| | - Christine Laclef
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR7622, Inserm U1156, IBPS-Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris, France
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
| | - Abraham Andreu-Cervera
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR7622, Inserm U1156, IBPS-Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris, France
| | - Joshua Lewis
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Xuming Mao
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Li Li
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Elizabeth R Snedecor
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
| | - Ken-Ichi Takemaru
- Department of Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
| | - Chuan Qin
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science; and Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sylvie Schneider-Maunoury
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR7622, Inserm U1156, IBPS-Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris, France
| | - Kenneth R Shroyer
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
| | - Peter J Koch
- Department of Dermatology and Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Richard A Clark
- Department of Dermatology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
| | - Aimee S Payne
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Andrew P Kowalczyk
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Jiang Chen
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science; and Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Dermatology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
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16
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Cooper F, Overmiller AM, Loder A, Brennan-Crispi DM, McGuinn KP, Marous MR, Freeman TA, Riobo-Del Galdo NA, Siracusa LD, Wahl JK, Mahoney MG. Enhancement of Cutaneous Wound Healing by Dsg2 Augmentation of uPAR Secretion. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:2470-2479. [PMID: 29753032 PMCID: PMC6200597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In addition to playing a role in adhesion, desmoglein 2 (Dsg2) is an important regulator of growth and survival signaling pathways, cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and oncogenesis. Although low-level Dsg2 expression is observed in basal keratinocytes and is downregulated in nonhealing venous ulcers, overexpression has been observed in both melanomas and nonmelanoma malignancies. Here, we show that transgenic mice overexpressing Dsg2 in basal keratinocytes primed the activation of mitogenic pathways, but did not induce dramatic epidermal changes or susceptibility to chemical-induced tumor development. Interestingly, acceleration of full-thickness wound closure and increased wound-adjacent keratinocyte proliferation was observed in these mice. As epidermal cytokines and their receptors play critical roles in wound healing, Dsg2-induced secretome alterations were assessed with an antibody profiler array and revealed increased release and proteolytic processing of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor. Dsg2 induced urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor expression in the skin of transgenic compared with wild-type mice. Wounding further enhanced urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor in both epidermis and dermis with a concomitant increase in the prohealing laminin-332, a major component of the basement membrane zone, in transgenic mice. This study demonstrates that Dsg2 induces epidermal activation of various signaling cascades and accelerates cutaneous wound healing, in part, through urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor-related signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Cooper
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew M Overmiller
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anthony Loder
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Donna M Brennan-Crispi
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kathleen P McGuinn
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Molly R Marous
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Theresa A Freeman
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Linda D Siracusa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James K Wahl
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Mỹ G Mahoney
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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17
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Overexpression of Desmoglein 2 in a Mouse Model of Gorlin Syndrome Enhances Spontaneous Basal Cell Carcinoma Formation through STAT3-Mediated Gli1 Expression. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 139:300-307. [PMID: 30291846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the hedgehog pathway is causative of virtually all sporadic and Gorlin syndrome-related basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), with loss of function of Ptc1 being the most common genomic lesion. Sporadic BCCs also overexpress Dsg2, a desmosomal cadherin normally found in the basal layer. Using a mouse model of Gorlin syndrome (Ptc1+/lacZ mice), we found that overexpressing Dsg2 in the basal layer (K14-Dsg2/Ptc1+/lacZ mice) or the superficial epidermis (Inv-Dsg2/Ptc1+/lacZ mice) resulted in increased spontaneous BCC formation at 3 and 6 months, respectively. The tumors did not show loss of heterozygosity of Ptc1, despite high levels of Gli1 and phosphorylated Stat3. A panel of sporadic human BCCs showed increased staining of both Dsg2 and phosphorylated Stat3 in all nine samples. Overexpression of Dsg2 in ASZ001 cells, a Ptc1-/- BCC cell line, induced Stat3 phosphorylation and further increased Gli1 levels, in both an autocrine and paracrine manner. Three different Stat3 inhibitors reduced viability and Gli1 expression in ASZ001 cells but not in HaCaT cells. Conversely, stimulation of Stat3 in ASZ001 cells with IL-6 increased Gli1 expression. Our results indicate that Dsg2 enhances canonical hedgehog signaling downstream of Ptc1 to promote BCC development through the activation of phosphorylated Stat3 and regulation of Gli1 expression.
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18
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Chen L, Liu X, Zhang J, Liu Y, Gao A, Xu Y, Lin Y, Du Q, Zhu Z, Hu Y, Liu Y. Characterization of desmoglein 2 expression in ovarian serous tumors and its prognostic significance in high-grade serous carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:4977-4986. [PMID: 31949574 PMCID: PMC6962919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Desmogleins (Dsgs) are major members of the desmosomal cadherins that are critically involved in cell-cell adhesion and the maintenance of normal tissue architecture in epithelia. DSG2 is the most ubiquitous desmosomal cadherin; however, abnormal expression of DSG2 has been detected in several types of cancer with controversial results. So far, little is known about DSG2 expression in ovarian serous tumor (OST) and its associations with survival and clinicopathologic data. In this study, mRNA and protein expression of DSG2 was detected in 33 cases of nonfixed samples and 92 cases of paraffin-embedded OST specimens (including benign, borderline, low-grade, and high-grade) by using qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. DSG2 expression was then measured in 162 cases of high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) by immunohistochemistry, and the expression levels were correlated with clinicopathologic and prognostic data. As the results, DSG2 could be readily detected in benign tumor with relative weak expression at the mRNA level and showed weak but complete staining at the cell-cell borders. This was similar to the expression pattern in the normal fallopian epithelial tissue. However, the expression tendency of DSG2 at the mRNA and protein level was inconsistent in borderline and malignant OST. In addition, we found that a low DSG2 expression was associated with poor prognosis (P < 0.05) and high mitosis (P = 0.0042) of HGSC. Thus, DSG2 may be involved in the progression of ovarian cancer and plays a different role in different OST. Moreover, a low DSG2 expression was associated with poor prognosis of HGSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Gynecology Obstetrics Hospital of Nankai UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Gynecology Obstetrics Hospital of Nankai UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Yanxia Liu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Gynecology Obstetrics Hospital of Nankai UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Ang Gao
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Yanning Xu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Gynecology Obstetrics Hospital of Nankai UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Yang Lin
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Gynecology Obstetrics Hospital of Nankai UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Qiuyue Du
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Gynecology Obstetrics Hospital of Nankai UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Zhengmao Zhu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Yuanjing Hu
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Gynecology Obstetrics Hospital of Nankai UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Yixin Liu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Gynecology Obstetrics Hospital of Nankai UniversityTianjin, China
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19
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Chai F, Li Y, Liu K, Li Q, Sun H. Caveolin enhances hepatocellular carcinoma cell metabolism, migration, and invasion in vitro via a hexokinase 2‐dependent mechanism. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:1937-1946. [PMID: 30144070 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chai
- Department of General Surgery Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University Jinzhou China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of General Surgery The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Keyi Liu
- Department of General Surgery Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University Jinzhou China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of General Surgery Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University Jinzhou China
| | - Hongzhi Sun
- Department of General Surgery Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University Jinzhou China
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20
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Jung W, Sierecki E, Bastiani M, O'Carroll A, Alexandrov K, Rae J, Johnston W, Hunter DJB, Ferguson C, Gambin Y, Ariotti N, Parton RG. Cell-free formation and interactome analysis of caveolae. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:2141-2165. [PMID: 29716956 PMCID: PMC5987714 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201707004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Caveolae are linked to signaling protein regulation through interactions with caveolins. We describe a cell-free system for the biogenesis of caveolae and show phosphorylated-caveolins preferentially bind signaling proteins. Our validation in vivo shows that phosphorylated CAV1 recruits TRAF2 to the endosome to form a signaling platform. Caveolae have been linked to the regulation of signaling pathways in eukaryotic cells through direct interactions with caveolins. Here, we describe a cell-free system based on Leishmania tarentolae (Lt) extracts for the biogenesis of caveolae and show its use for single-molecule interaction studies. Insertion of expressed caveolin-1 (CAV1) into Lt membranes was analogous to that of caveolin in native membranes. Electron tomography showed that caveolins generate domains of precise size and curvature. Cell-free caveolae were used in quantitative assays to test the interaction of membrane-inserted caveolin with signaling proteins and to determine the stoichiometry of interactions. Binding of membrane-inserted CAV1 to several proposed binding partners, including endothelial nitric-oxide synthase, was negligible, but a small number of proteins, including TRAF2, interacted with CAV1 in a phosphorylation-(CAV1Y14)–stimulated manner. In cells subjected to oxidative stress, phosphorylated CAV1 recruited TRAF2 to the early endosome forming a novel signaling platform. These findings lead to a novel model for cellular stress signaling by CAV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- WooRam Jung
- The University of Queensland, The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Emma Sierecki
- The University of Queensland, The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michele Bastiani
- The University of Queensland, The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ailis O'Carroll
- The University of Queensland, The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kirill Alexandrov
- The University of Queensland, The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - James Rae
- The University of Queensland, The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wayne Johnston
- The University of Queensland, The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dominic J B Hunter
- The University of Queensland, The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Charles Ferguson
- The University of Queensland, The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yann Gambin
- The University of Queensland, The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas Ariotti
- The University of Queensland, The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert G Parton
- The University of Queensland, The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia .,The University of Queensland, The Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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21
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Overmiller AM, McGuinn KP, Roberts BJ, Cooper F, Brennan-Crispi DM, Deguchi T, Peltonen S, Wahl JK, Mahoney MG. c-Src/Cav1-dependent activation of the EGFR by Dsg2. Oncotarget 2018; 7:37536-37555. [PMID: 26918609 PMCID: PMC5122330 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The desmosomal cadherin, desmoglein 2 (Dsg2), is deregulated in a variety of human cancers including those of the skin. When ectopically expressed in the epidermis of transgenic mice, Dsg2 activates multiple mitogenic signaling pathways and increases susceptibility to tumorigenesis. However, the molecular mechanism responsible for Dsg2-mediated cellular signaling is poorly understood. Here we show overexpression as well as co-localization of Dsg2 and EGFR in cutaneous SCCs in vivo. Using HaCaT keratinocytes, knockdown of Dsg2 decreases EGFR expression and abrogates the activation of EGFR, c-Src and Stat3, but not Erk1/2 or Akt, in response to EGF ligand stimulation. To determine whether Dsg2 mediates signaling through lipid microdomains, sucrose density fractionation illustrated that Dsg2 is recruited to and displaces Cav1, EGFR and c-Src from light density lipid raft fractions. STED imaging confirmed that the presence of Dsg2 disperses Cav1 from the cell-cell borders. Perturbation of lipid rafts with the cholesterol-chelating agent MβCD also shifts Cav1, c-Src and EGFR out of the rafts and activates signaling pathways. Functionally, overexpression of Dsg2 in human SCC A431 cells enhances EGFR activation and increases cell proliferation and migration through a c-Src and EGFR dependent manner. In summary, our data suggest that Dsg2 stimulates cell growth and migration by positively regulating EGFR level and signaling through a c-Src and Cav1-dependent mechanism using lipid rafts as signal modulatory platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Overmiller
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathleen P McGuinn
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brett J Roberts
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Felicia Cooper
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Donna M Brennan-Crispi
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Takahiro Deguchi
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirkku Peltonen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - James K Wahl
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Mỹ G Mahoney
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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22
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Gurjar M, Raychaudhuri K, Mahadik S, Reddy D, Atak A, Shetty T, Rao K, Karkhanis MS, Gosavi P, Sehgal L, Gupta S, Dalal SN. Plakophilin3 increases desmosome assembly, size and stability by increasing expression of desmocollin2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:768-774. [PMID: 29146182 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous reports show that the desmosomal plaque protein plakophilin3 (PKP3) is essential for desmosome formation. Here, we report that PKP3 over-expression decreases calcium dependency for de novo desmosome formation and makes existing cell-cell adhesion junctions more resilient in low calcium medium due to an increase in desmocollin2 expression. PKP3 overexpression increases the stability of other desmosomal proteins independently of the increase in DSC2 levels and regulates desmosome formation and stability by a multimodal mechanism affecting transcription, protein stability and cell border localization of desmosomal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansa Gurjar
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Kumarkrishna Raychaudhuri
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Snehal Mahadik
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Divya Reddy
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Apurva Atak
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Trupti Shetty
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Kruthi Rao
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Mansi S Karkhanis
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Prajakta Gosavi
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Lalit Sehgal
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Sorab N Dalal
- KS-215, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India.
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23
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Watt FM. Engineered Microenvironments to Direct Epidermal Stem Cell Behavior at Single-Cell Resolution. Dev Cell 2017; 38:601-9. [PMID: 27676433 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian epidermis is maintained through proliferation of stem cells and differentiation of their progeny. The balance between self-renewal and differentiation is controlled by a variety of interacting intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Although the nature of these interactions is complex, they can be modeled in a reductionist fashion by capturing single epidermal stem cells on micropatterned substrates and exposing them to individual stimuli, alone or in combination, over defined time points. These studies have shown that different extrinsic stimuli trigger a common outcome-initiation of terminal differentiation-by activating different signaling pathways and eliciting different transcriptional responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona M Watt
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Floor 28, Tower Wing, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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24
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Overmiller AM, Pierluissi JA, Wermuth PJ, Sauma S, Martinez-Outschoorn U, Tuluc M, Luginbuhl A, Curry J, Harshyne LA, Wahl JK, South AP, Mahoney MG. Desmoglein 2 modulates extracellular vesicle release from squamous cell carcinoma keratinocytes. FASEB J 2017; 31:3412-3424. [PMID: 28438789 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601138rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale membrane-derived vesicles that serve as intercellular messengers carrying lipids, proteins, and genetic material. Substantial evidence has shown that cancer-derived EVs, secreted by tumor cells into the blood and other bodily fluids, play a critical role in modulating the tumor microenvironment and affecting the pathogenesis of cancer. Here we demonstrate for the first time that squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) EVs were enriched with the C-terminal fragment of desmoglein 2 (Dsg2), a desmosomal cadherin often overexpressed in malignancies. Overexpression of Dsg2 increased EV release and mitogenic content including epidermal growth factor receptor and c-Src. Inhibiting ectodomain shedding of Dsg2 with the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor GM6001 resulted in accumulation of full-length Dsg2 in EVs and reduced EV release. When cocultured with Dsg2/green fluorescence protein-expressing SCC cells, green fluorescence protein signal was detected by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis in the CD90+ fibroblasts. Furthermore, SCC EVs activated Erk1/2 and Akt signaling and enhanced fibroblast cell proliferation. In vivo, Dsg2 was highly up-regulated in the head and neck SCCs, and EVs isolated from sera of patients with SCC were enriched in Dsg2 C-terminal fragment and epidermal growth factor receptor. This study defines a mechanism by which Dsg2 expression in cancer cells can modulate the tumor microenvironment, a step critical for tumor progression.-Overmiller, A. M., Pierluissi, J. A., Wermuth, P. J., Sauma, S., Martinez-Outschoorn, U., Tuluc, M., Luginbuhl, A., Curry, J., Harshyne, L. A., Wahl, J. K. III, South, A. P., Mahoney, M. G. Desmoglein 2 modulates extracellular vesicle release from squamous cell carcinoma keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Overmiller
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer A Pierluissi
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peter J Wermuth
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sami Sauma
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Madalina Tuluc
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adam Luginbuhl
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joseph Curry
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Larry A Harshyne
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James K Wahl
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Andrew P South
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mỹ G Mahoney
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
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25
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Rosa S, Connolly C, Schettino G, Butterworth KT, Prise KM. Biological mechanisms of gold nanoparticle radiosensitization. Cancer Nanotechnol 2017; 8:2. [PMID: 28217176 PMCID: PMC5288470 DOI: 10.1186/s12645-017-0026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been growing interest in the use of nanomaterials for a range of biomedical applications over the last number of years. In particular, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) possess a number of unique properties that make them ideal candidates as radiosensitizers on the basis of their strong photoelectric absorption coefficient and ease of synthesis. However, despite promising preclinical evidence in vitro supported by a limited amount of in vivo experiments, along with advances in mechanistic understanding, GNPs have not yet translated into the clinic. This may be due to disparity between predicted levels of radiosensitization based on physical action, observed biological response and an incomplete mechanistic understanding, alongside current experimental limitations. This paper provides a review of the current state of the field, highlighting the potential underlying biological mechanisms in GNP radiosensitization and examining the barriers to clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraia Rosa
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queens University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Chris Connolly
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queens University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE Northern Ireland, UK
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, London, TW11 0LW UK
| | | | - Karl T. Butterworth
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queens University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Kevin M. Prise
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queens University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE Northern Ireland, UK
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26
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Roberts BJ, Svoboda RA, Overmiller AM, Lewis JD, Kowalczyk AP, Mahoney MG, Johnson KR, Wahl JK. Palmitoylation of Desmoglein 2 Is a Regulator of Assembly Dynamics and Protein Turnover. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:24857-24865. [PMID: 27703000 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.739458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Desmosomes are prominent adhesive junctions present between many epithelial cells as well as cardiomyocytes. The mechanisms controlling desmosome assembly and remodeling in epithelial and cardiac tissue are poorly understood. We recently identified protein palmitoylation as a mechanism regulating desmosome dynamics. In this study, we have focused on the palmitoylation of the desmosomal cadherin desmoglein-2 (Dsg2) and characterized the role that palmitoylation of Dsg2 plays in its localization and stability in cultured cells. We identified two cysteine residues in the juxtamembrane (intracellular anchor) domain of Dsg2 that, when mutated, eliminate its palmitoylation. These cysteine residues are conserved in all four desmoglein family members. Although mutant Dsg2 localizes to endogenous desmosomes, there is a significant delay in its incorporation into junctions, and the mutant is also present in a cytoplasmic pool. Triton X-100 solubility assays demonstrate that mutant Dsg2 is more soluble than wild-type protein. Interestingly, trafficking of the mutant Dsg2 to the cell surface was delayed, and a pool of the non-palmitoylated Dsg2 co-localized with lysosomal markers. Taken together, these data suggest that palmitoylation of Dsg2 regulates protein transport to the plasma membrane. Modulation of the palmitoylation status of desmosomal cadherins can affect desmosome dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett J Roberts
- From the Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583
| | - Robert A Svoboda
- From the Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583
| | - Andrew M Overmiller
- the Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, and
| | - Joshua D Lewis
- the Departments of Cell Biology and Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Andrew P Kowalczyk
- the Departments of Cell Biology and Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - My G Mahoney
- the Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, and
| | - Keith R Johnson
- From the Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583.,the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - James K Wahl
- From the Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583,
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27
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Brennan-Crispi DM, Hossain C, Sahu J, Brady M, Riobo NA, Mahoney MG. Crosstalk between Desmoglein 2 and Patched 1 accelerates chemical-induced skin tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:8593-605. [PMID: 25871385 PMCID: PMC4496169 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is causative of BCCs and has been associated with a fraction of SCCs. Desmoglein 2 (Dsg2) is an adhesion protein that is upregulated in many cancers and overexpression of Dsg2 in the epidermis renders mice more susceptible to squamous-derived neoplasia. Here we examined a potential crosstalk between Dsg2 and Hh signaling in skin tumorigenesis. Our findings show that Dsg2 modulates Gli1 expression, in vitro and in vivo. Ectopic expression of Dsg2 on Ptc1(+/lacZ) background enhanced epidermal proliferation and interfollicular activation of the Hh pathway. Furthermore, in response to DMBA/TPA, the Dsg2/Ptc1+/lacZ mice developed squamous lessons earlier than the WT, Ptc1(+/lacZ), and Inv-Dsg2 littermates. Additionally, DMBA/TPA induced BCC formation in all mice harboring the Ptc1(+/lacZ) gene and the presence of Dsg2 in Dsg2/Ptc1(+/lacZ) mice doubled the BCC tumor burden. Reporter analysis revealed activation of the Hh pathway in the BCC tumors. However, in the SCCs we observed Hh activity only in the underlying dermis of the tumors. Furthermore, Dsg2/Ptc1(+/lacZ) mice demonstrated enhanced MEK/Erk1/2 activation within the tumors and expression of Shh in the dermis. In summary, our results demonstrate that Dsg2 modulates Hh signaling, and this synergy may accelerate skin tumor development by different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna M Brennan-Crispi
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Claudia Hossain
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joya Sahu
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mary Brady
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Natalia A Riobo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mỹ G Mahoney
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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28
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Loschke F, Homberg M, Magin TM. Keratin Isotypes Control Desmosome Stability and Dynamics through PKCα. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:202-13. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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29
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Di Zenzo G, Amber KT, Sayar BS, Müller EJ, Borradori L. Immune response in pemphigus and beyond: progresses and emerging concepts. Semin Immunopathol 2015; 38:57-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00281-015-0541-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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30
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Abstract
Desmosomes represent adhesive, spot-like intercellular junctions that in association with intermediate filaments mechanically link neighboring cells and stabilize tissue architecture. In addition to this structural function, desmosomes also act as signaling platforms involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, morphogenesis, and apoptosis. Thus, deregulation of desmosomal proteins has to be considered to contribute to tumorigenesis. Proteolytic fragmentation and downregulation of desmosomal cadherins and plaque proteins by transcriptional or epigenetic mechanisms were observed in different cancer entities suggesting a tumor-suppressive role. However, discrepant data in the literature indicate that context-dependent differences based on alternative intracellular, signal transduction lead to altered outcome. Here, modulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by plakoglobin or desmoplakin and of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling appears to be of special relevance. This review summarizes current evidence on how desmosomal proteins participate in carcinogenesis, and depicts the molecular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otmar Huber
- a Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena , Nonnenplan 2-4, 07743 Jena , Germany.,b Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital , Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena , Germany
| | - Iver Petersen
- c Institute of Pathology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena , Ziegelmühlenweg 1, 07743 Jena , Germany
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31
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Sumagin R, Parkos CA. Epithelial adhesion molecules and the regulation of intestinal homeostasis during neutrophil transepithelial migration. Tissue Barriers 2015; 3:e969100. [PMID: 25838976 DOI: 10.4161/21688362.2014.969100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial adhesion molecules play essential roles in regulating cellular function and maintaining mucosal tissue homeostasis. Some form epithelial junctional complexes to provide structural support for epithelial monolayers and act as a selectively permeable barrier separating luminal contents from the surrounding tissue. Others serve as docking structures for invading viruses and bacteria, while also regulating the immune response. They can either obstruct or serve as footholds for the immune cells recruited to mucosal surfaces. Currently, it is well appreciated that adhesion molecules collectively serve as environmental cue sensors and trigger signaling events to regulate epithelial function through their association with the cell cytoskeleton and various intracellular adapter proteins. Immune cells, particularly neutrophils (PMN) during transepithelial migration (TEM), can modulate adhesion molecule expression, conformation, and distribution, significantly impacting epithelial function and tissue homeostasis. This review discusses the roles of key intestinal epithelial adhesion molecules in regulating PMN trafficking and outlines the potential consequences on epithelial function.
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Key Words
- AJs, adherens junctions
- CAR, coxsackie and adenovirus receptor
- CLMP, CAR-like protein
- CTLs, cytotoxic T lymphocytes
- CTX, thymocyte Xenopus
- DMs, Desmosomes
- Dsc-2, desmocollin-2
- Dsg-2, desmoglein-2
- E-cadherin, epithelial cadherin
- EGFR, Epithelial growth factor receptor
- EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- EpCAM, epithelial cell adhesion molecule
- IBD, inflammatory bowel diseases
- ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1
- IECs, intestinal epithelial cells
- JAM, junctional adhesion molecules
- LAD, leukocyte adhesion deficiency
- LTB-4, lipid leukotriene B4
- MIP1 α, macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha
- MLCK, myosin light chain kinase
- MMPs, matrix metalloproteases
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B
- NO, nitric oxide
- PARS, protease-activated receptors
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
- PMN, polymorphonuclear cells
- SGD, specific granule deficiency
- SIRPa, signal regulatory protein alpha
- TEM, transepithelial migration
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor beta
- TIAM1, metastasis-inducing protein 1
- TJs, tight junctions
- TSP-1, thrombospondin-1
- adhesion molecules
- barrier
- cell migration
- epithelial cells
- neutrophils
- sLea, sialyl Lewis A
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronen Sumagin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Unit; Emory University ; Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Charles A Parkos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Unit; Emory University ; Atlanta, GA USA
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32
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Abstract
Desmosomes are cell-cell junctions that mediate adhesion and couple the intermediate filament cytoskeleton to sites of cell-cell contact. This architectural arrangement integrates adhesion and cytoskeletal elements of adjacent cells. The importance of this robust adhesion system is evident in numerous human diseases, both inherited and acquired, which occur when desmosome function is compromised. This review focuses on autoimmune and infectious diseases that impair desmosome function. In addition, we discuss emerging evidence that desmosomal genes are often misregulated in cancer. The emphasis of our discussion is placed on the way in which human diseases can inform our understanding of basic desmosome biology and in turn, the means by which fundamental advances in the cell biology of desmosomes might lead to new treatments for acquired diseases of the desmosome.
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33
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Gupta A, Nitoiu D, Brennan-Crispi D, Addya S, Riobo NA, Kelsell DP, Mahoney MG. Cell cycle- and cancer-associated gene networks activated by Dsg2: evidence of cystatin A deregulation and a potential role in cell-cell adhesion. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120091. [PMID: 25785582 PMCID: PMC4364902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell adhesion is paramount in providing and maintaining multicellular structure and signal transmission between cells. In the skin, disruption to desmosomal regulated intercellular connectivity may lead to disorders of keratinization and hyperproliferative disease including cancer. Recently we showed transgenic mice overexpressing desmoglein 2 (Dsg2) in the epidermis develop hyperplasia. Following microarray and gene network analysis, we demonstrate that Dsg2 caused a profound change in the transcriptome of keratinocytes in vivo and altered a number of genes important in epithelial dysplasia including: calcium-binding proteins (S100A8 and S100A9), members of the cyclin protein family, and the cysteine protease inhibitor cystatin A (CSTA). CSTA is deregulated in several skin cancers, including squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and loss of function mutations lead to recessive skin fragility disorders. The microarray results were confirmed by qPCR, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry. CSTA was detected at high level throughout the newborn mouse epidermis but dramatically decreased with development and was detected predominantly in the differentiated layers. In human keratinocytes, knockdown of Dsg2 by siRNA or shRNA reduced CSTA expression. Furthermore, siRNA knockdown of CSTA resulted in cytoplasmic localization of Dsg2, perturbed cytokeratin 14 staining and reduced levels of desmoplakin in response to mechanical stretching. Both knockdown of either Dsg2 or CSTA induced loss of cell adhesion in a dispase-based assay and the effect was synergistic. Our findings here offer a novel pathway of CSTA regulation involving Dsg2 and a potential crosstalk between Dsg2 and CSTA that modulates cell adhesion. These results further support the recent human genetic findings that loss of function mutations in the CSTA gene result in skin fragility due to impaired cell-cell adhesion: autosomal-recessive exfoliative ichthyosis or acral peeling skin syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilasha Gupta
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Daniela Nitoiu
- Center for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School or Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Donna Brennan-Crispi
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sankar Addya
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Natalia A. Riobo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - David P. Kelsell
- Center for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School or Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mỹ G. Mahoney
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Brown L, Wan H. Desmoglein 3: a help or a hindrance in cancer progression? Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:266-86. [PMID: 25629808 PMCID: PMC4381258 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7010266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Desmoglein 3 is one of seven desmosomal cadherins that mediate cell-cell adhesion in desmosomes. Desmosomes are the intercellular junctional complexes that anchor the intermediate filaments of adjacent cells and confer strong cell adhesion thus are essential in the maintenance of tissue architecture and structural integrity. Like adherens junctions, desmosomes function as tumour suppressors and are down regulated in the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and in tumour cell invasion and metastasis. However, recently several studies have shown that various desmosomal components, including desmoglein 3, are up-regulated in cancer with increased levels of expression correlating with the clinical stage of malignancy, implicating their potentiality to serve as a diagnostic and prognostic marker. Furthermore, in vitro studies have demonstrated that overexpression of desmoglein 3 in cancer cell lines activates several signal pathways that have an impact on cell morphology, adhesion and locomotion. These additional signalling roles of desmoglein 3 may not be associated to its adhesive function in desmosomes but rather function outside of the junctions, acting as a key regulator in the control of actin based cellular processes. This review will discuss recent advances which support the role of desmoglein 3 in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Brown
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Center for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Blizard Building, London E1 2AT, UK.
| | - Hong Wan
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Center for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Blizard Building, London E1 2AT, UK.
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35
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Ng CT, Yung LYL, Swa HLF, Poh RWY, Gunaratne J, Bay BH. Altered protein expression profile associated with phenotypic changes in lung fibroblasts co-cultured with gold nanoparticle-treated small airway epithelial cells. Biomaterials 2015; 39:31-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Abstract
Mammalian skin research represents the convergence of three complementary disciplines: cell biology, mouse genetics, and dermatology. The skin provides a paradigm for current research in cell adhesion, inflammation, and tissue stem cells. Here, I discuss recent insights into the cell biology of skin. Single-cell analysis has revealed that human epidermal stem cells are heterogeneous and differentiate in response to multiple extrinsic signals. Live-cell imaging, optogenetics, and cell ablation experiments show skin cells to be remarkably dynamic. High-throughput, genome-wide approaches have yielded unprecedented insights into the circuitry that controls epidermal stem cell fate. Last, integrative biological analysis of human skin disorders has revealed unexpected functions for elements of the skin that were previously considered purely structural.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona M Watt
- King's College London Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, 28th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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Roberts BJ, Johnson KE, McGuinn KP, Saowapa J, Svoboda RA, Mahoney MG, Johnson KR, Wahl JK. Palmitoylation of plakophilin is required for desmosome assembly. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:3782-93. [PMID: 25002405 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.149849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Desmosomes are prominent adhesive junctions found in various epithelial tissues. The cytoplasmic domains of desmosomal cadherins interact with a host of desmosomal plaque proteins, including plakophilins, plakoglobin and desmoplakin, which, in turn, recruit the intermediate filament cytoskeleton to sites of cell-cell contact. Although the individual components of the desmosome are known, mechanisms regulating the assembly of this junction are poorly understood. Protein palmitoylation is a posttranslational lipid modification that plays an important role in protein trafficking and function. Here, we demonstrate that multiple desmosomal components are palmitoylated in vivo. Pharmacologic inhibition of palmitoylation disrupts desmosome assembly at cell-cell borders. We mapped the site of plakophilin palmitoylation to a conserved cysteine residue present in the armadillo repeat domain. Mutation of this single cysteine residue prevents palmitoylation, disrupts plakophilin incorporation into the desmosomal plaque and prevents plakophilin-dependent desmosome assembly. Finally, plakophilin mutants unable to become palmitoylated act in a dominant-negative manner to disrupt proper localization of endogenous desmosome components and decrease desmosomal adhesion. Taken together, these data demonstrate that palmitoylation of desmosomal components is important for desmosome assembly and adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett J Roberts
- The University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Kristen E Johnson
- The University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Kathleen P McGuinn
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Jintana Saowapa
- The University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Robert A Svoboda
- The University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - My G Mahoney
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Keith R Johnson
- The University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - James K Wahl
- The University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
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Nava P, Kamekura R, Nusrat A. Cleavage of transmembrane junction proteins and their role in regulating epithelial homeostasis. Tissue Barriers 2014; 1:e24783. [PMID: 24665393 PMCID: PMC3879235 DOI: 10.4161/tisb.24783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial tissues form a selective barrier that separates the external environment from the internal tissue milieu. Single epithelial cells are densely packed and associate via distinct intercellular junctions. Intercellular junction proteins not only control barrier properties of the epithelium but also play an important role in regulating epithelial homeostasis that encompasses cell proliferation, migration, differentiation and regulated shedding. Recent studies have revealed that several proteases target epithelial junction proteins during physiological maturation as well as in pathologic states such as inflammation and cancer. This review discusses mechanisms and biological consequences of transmembrane junction protein cleavage. The influence of junction protein cleavage products on pathogenesis of inflammation and cancer is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Porfirio Nava
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta, GA USA ; Department of Physiology; Biophysics and Neurosciences; Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV); México DF, Mexico
| | - Ryuta Kamekura
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta, GA USA
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Hartlieb E, Rötzer V, Radeva M, Spindler V, Waschke J. Desmoglein 2 compensates for desmoglein 3 but does not control cell adhesion via regulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in keratinocytes. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:17043-53. [PMID: 24782306 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.489336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmosomal cadherins are transmembrane adhesion molecules that provide cell adhesion by interacting in the intercellular space of adjacent cells. In keratinocytes, several desmoglein (Dsg1-4) and desmocollin (Dsc1-3) isoforms are coexpressed. We have shown previously that Dsg2 is less important for keratinocyte cohesion compared with Dsg3 and that the latter forms a complex with p38 MAPK. In this study, we compared the involvement of Dsg2 and Dsg3 in the p38 MAPK-dependent regulation of keratinocyte cohesion. We show that loss of cell adhesion and keratin filament retraction induced by Dsg3 depletion is ameliorated by specific p38 MAPK inhibition. Furthermore, in contrast to depletion of Dsg2, siRNA-mediated silencing of Dsg3 induced p38 MAPK activation, which is in line with immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrating the interaction of activated p38 MAPK with Dsg3 but not with Dsg2. Cell fractionation into a cytoskeleton-unbound and a cytoskeleton-anchored desmosome-containing pool revealed that Dsg3, in contrast to Dsg2, is present in relevant amounts in the unbound pool in which activated p38 MAPK is predominantly detectable. Moreover, because loss of cell adhesion by Dsg3 depletion was partially rescued by p38 MAPK inhibition, we conclude that, besides its function as an adhesion molecule, Dsg3 is strengthening cell cohesion via modulation of p38 MAPK-dependent keratin filament reorganization. Nevertheless, because subsequent targeting of Dsg3 in Dsg2-depleted cells led to drastically enhanced keratinocyte dissociation and Dsg2 was enhanced at the membrane in Dsg3 knockout cells, we conclude that Dsg2 compensates for Dsg3 loss of function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hartlieb
- From the Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Vera Rötzer
- From the Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Mariya Radeva
- From the Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Volker Spindler
- From the Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Waschke
- From the Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
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Jiang K, Rankin CR, Nava P, Sumagin R, Kamekura R, Stowell SR, Feng M, Parkos CA, Nusrat A. Galectin-3 regulates desmoglein-2 and intestinal epithelial intercellular adhesion. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:10510-10517. [PMID: 24567334 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.538538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The desmosomal cadherins, desmogleins, and desmocollins mediate strong intercellular adhesion. Human intestinal epithelial cells express the desmoglein-2 isoform. A proteomic screen for Dsg2-associated proteins in intestinal epithelial cells identified a lectin referred to as galectin-3 (Gal3). Gal3 bound to N-linked β-galactosides in Dsg2 extracellular domain and co-sedimented with caveolin-1 in lipid rafts. Down-regulation of Gal3 protein or incubation with lactose, a galactose-containing disaccharide that competitively inhibits galectin binding to Dsg2, decreased intercellular adhesion in intestinal epithelial cells. In the absence of functional Gal3, Dsg2 protein was internalized from the plasma membrane and degraded in the proteasome. These results report a novel role of Gal3 in stabilizing a desmosomal cadherin and intercellular adhesion in intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Carl R Rankin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Porfirio Nava
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322; Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, CINVESTAV IPN., Av. IPN 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 Ciudad de México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Ronen Sumagin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Ryuta Kamekura
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Mingli Feng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Charles A Parkos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322.
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Peitsch WK, Doerflinger Y, Fischer-Colbrie R, Huck V, Bauer AT, Utikal J, Goerdt S, Schneider SW. Desmoglein 2 depletion leads to increased migration and upregulation of the chemoattractant secretoneurin in melanoma cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89491. [PMID: 24558503 PMCID: PMC3928442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During development and progression of malignant melanoma, an important role has been attributed to alterations of cell-cell adhesions, in particular, to a “cadherin switch” from E- to N-cadherin. We have previously shown that a subtype of melanoma cells express the desmosomal cadherin desmoglein 2 as non-junction-bound cell surface protein in addition to classical cadherins. To study the role of desmoglein 2 in melanoma cells, melanoma lines containing high endogenous amounts of desmoglein 2 were depleted of the protein by RNA interference. Transwell migration and scratch wounding assays showed markedly increased migration upon desmoglein 2 suppression whereas proliferation and viability remained unaltered. In gene expression profiles, desmoglein 2 depletion was associated with overexpression of migration-related genes. Strongest overexpression was found for secretogranin II which has not been reported in melanoma cells before. The bioactive peptide derived from secretogranin II, secretoneurin, is known to exert chemoattractive functions and was demonstrated here to stimulate melanoma cell migration. In summary, we show that desmoglein 2 expression attenuates migration of melanoma cells. The mechanism of desmoglein 2 impaired cell migration is mediated by downregulation of secretogranin II. Loss of desmoglein 2 increases expression of secretogranin II, followed by an enhanced migratory activity of melanoma cells. Our data add a new pathway of regulating melanoma cell migration related to a desmoglein 2 – secretogranin II axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke K. Peitsch
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Helmholtz Group for Cell Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Yvette Doerflinger
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Helmholtz Group for Cell Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Volker Huck
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alexander T. Bauer
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jochen Utikal
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sergij Goerdt
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan W. Schneider
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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42
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Waschke J, Spindler V. Desmosomes and Extradesmosomal Adhesive Signaling Contacts in Pemphigus. Med Res Rev 2014; 34:1127-45. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Waschke
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department I; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich; Pettenkoferstrasse 11 D-80336 Munich Germany
| | - Volker Spindler
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department I; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich; Pettenkoferstrasse 11 D-80336 Munich Germany
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43
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Stahley SN, Saito M, Faundez V, Koval M, Mattheyses AL, Kowalczyk AP. Desmosome assembly and disassembly are membrane raft-dependent. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87809. [PMID: 24498201 PMCID: PMC3907498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong intercellular adhesion is critical for tissues that experience mechanical stress, such as the skin and heart. Desmosomes provide adhesive strength to tissues by anchoring desmosomal cadherins of neighboring cells to the intermediate filament cytoskeleton. Alterations in assembly and disassembly compromise desmosome function and may contribute to human diseases, such as the autoimmune skin blistering disease pemphigus vulgaris (PV). We previously demonstrated that PV auto-antibodies directed against the desmosomal cadherin desmoglein 3 (Dsg3) cause loss of adhesion by triggering membrane raft-mediated Dsg3 endocytosis. We hypothesized that raft membrane microdomains play a broader role in desmosome homeostasis by regulating the dynamics of desmosome assembly and disassembly. In human keratinocytes, Dsg3 is raft associated as determined by biochemical and super resolution immunofluorescence microscopy methods. Cholesterol depletion, which disrupts rafts, prevented desmosome assembly and adhesion, thus functionally linking rafts to desmosome formation. Interestingly, Dsg3 did not associate with rafts in cells lacking desmosomal proteins. Additionally, PV IgG-induced desmosome disassembly occurred by redistribution of Dsg3 into raft-containing endocytic membrane domains, resulting in cholesterol-dependent loss of adhesion. These findings demonstrate that membrane rafts are required for desmosome assembly and disassembly dynamics, suggesting therapeutic potential for raft targeting agents in desmosomal diseases such as PV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara N. Stahley
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Masataka Saito
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Victor Faundez
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Michael Koval
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Alexa L. Mattheyses
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Andrew P. Kowalczyk
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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44
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McGuinn KP, Mahoney MG. Lipid rafts and detergent-resistant membranes in epithelial keratinocytes. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1195:133-44. [PMID: 24504930 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2014_71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the plasma membrane has markedly increased since Singer and Nicolson proposed the fluid mosaic model in 1972. While their revolutionary theory of the lipid bilayer remains largely valid, it is now known that lipids and proteins are not randomly dispersed throughout the plasma membrane but instead may be organized within membrane microdomains, commonly referred to as lipid rafts. Lipid rafts are highly dynamic, detergent resistant, and enriched with both cholesterol and glycosphingolipids. The two main types are flotillin-rich planar lipid rafts and caveolin-rich caveolae. It is proposed that flotillin and caveolin proteins regulate cell communication by compartmentalizing and interacting with signal transduction proteins within their respective lipid microdomains. Consequently, membrane rafts play an important role in vital cellular functions including migration, invasion, and signaling; thus, alterations in their microenvironment can initiate signaling pathways that affect cellular function and behavior. Therefore, the identification of lipid rafts and their associated proteins is integral to the study of transmembrane signaling. Here, we review the current standard protocols and biochemical approaches used to isolate and define raft proteins from epithelial cells and tissues. Furthermore, in Section 3 of this chapter, detailed protocols are offered for isolating lipid rafts by subjection to detergent and sucrose density centrifugation, as well as an approach for selectively isolating caveolae. Methods to manipulate rafts with treatments such as methyl-β-cyclodextrin and flotillin III are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen P McGuinn
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Jefferson Medical College, 233 S. 10th Street, Suite 428 BLSB, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
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45
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Kurrle N, Völlner F, Eming R, Hertl M, Banning A, Tikkanen R. Flotillins directly interact with γ-catenin and regulate epithelial cell-cell adhesion. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84393. [PMID: 24391950 PMCID: PMC3877284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Flotillin-1 and flotillin-2 are two homologous, membrane raft associated proteins. Although it has been reported that flotillins are involved in cell adhesion processes and play a role during breast cancer progression, thus making them interesting future therapeutic targets, their precise function has not been well elucidated. The present study investigates the function of these proteins in cell-cell adhesion in non-malignant cells. We have used the non-malignant epithelial MCF10A cells to study the interaction network of flotillins within cell-cell adhesion complexes. RNA interference was used to examine the effect of flotillins on the structure of adherens junctions and on the association of core proteins, such as E-cadherin, with membrane rafts. We here show that the cadherin proteins of the adherens junction associate with flotillin-2 in MCF10A cells and in various human cell lines. In vitro, flotillin-1 and flotillin-2 directly interact with γ-catenin which is so far the only protein known to be present both in the adherens junction and the desmosome. Mapping of the interaction domain within the γ-catenin sequence identified the Armadillo domains 6-8, especially ARM domain 7, to be important for the association with flotillins. Furthermore, depletion of flotillins significantly influenced the morphology of the adherens junction in human epithelial MCF10A cells and altered the association of E-cadherin and γ-catenin with membrane rafts. Taken together, these observations suggest a functional role for flotillins, especially flotillin-2, in cell-cell adhesion in non-malignant epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kurrle
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Frauke Völlner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Eming
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Phillips University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hertl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Phillips University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Antje Banning
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ritva Tikkanen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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46
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Qin H, Bollag WB. The caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptide decreases phosphatidylglycerol levels and inhibits calcium-induced differentiation in mouse keratinocytes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80946. [PMID: 24236206 PMCID: PMC3827482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase D2 (PLD2) has been found localized in low-density caveolin-rich membrane microdomains. Our previous study suggested that PLD2 and aquaporin 3 (AQP3) interact in these domains to inhibit keratinocyte proliferation and promote differentiation by cooperating to produce phosphatidylglycerol. To examine the effect of membrane microdomain localization on the PLD2/AQP3 signaling module and keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation, we treated mouse keratinocytes with 3 µM cell-permeable caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptide or a negative control peptide and stimulated cell differentiation using a moderately elevated extracellular calcium concentration (125 uM) to maximally promote differentiation and phosphatidylglycerol production. Cell proliferation, differentiation, total PLD activity, phosphatidylglycerol levels, and AQP3 activity were monitored. The caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptide itself had no effect on phosphatidylglycerol levels or keratinocyte proliferation or differentiation but prevented the changes induced by a moderately elevated calcium concentration, whereas a negative control did not. The caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptide had little effect on total PLD activity or glycerol uptake (AQP3 activity). We conclude that the caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptide disrupts the functional association between AQP3 and PLD2 and prevents both the inhibited proliferation and the stimulated differentiation in response to elevated extracellular calcium levels. The interaction of caveolin-1 and PLD2 is indirect (i.e., lipid mediated); together with the proliferation-promoting effects of caveolin-1 knockout on epidermal keratinocytes, we propose that the caveolin-1 scaffolding domain pepetide exerts a dominant-negative effect on caveolin-1 to alter lipid rafts in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Qin
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Wendy B. Bollag
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Medicine (Dermatology), Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Oral Biology and Cell Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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47
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Gandjbakhch E, Vite A, Gary F, Fressart V, Donal E, Simon F, Hidden-Lucet F, Komajda M, Charron P, Villard E. Screening of genes encoding junctional candidates in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 15:1522-5. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/eut224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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48
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Kröger C, Loschke F, Schwarz N, Windoffer R, Leube RE, Magin TM. Keratins control intercellular adhesion involving PKC-α-mediated desmoplakin phosphorylation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 201:681-92. [PMID: 23690176 PMCID: PMC3664716 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201208162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Keratins limit PKC-α phosphorylation activity and desmosome turnover to ensure the stability of epithelial intracellular adhesion. Maintenance of epithelial cell adhesion is crucial for epidermal morphogenesis and homeostasis and relies predominantly on the interaction of keratins with desmosomes. Although the importance of desmosomes to epidermal coherence and keratin organization is well established, the significance of keratins in desmosome organization has not been fully resolved. Here, we report that keratinocytes lacking all keratins show elevated, PKC-α–mediated desmoplakin phosphorylation and subsequent destabilization of desmosomes. We find that PKC-α activity is regulated by Rack1–keratin interaction. Without keratins, desmosomes assemble but are endocytosed at accelerated rates, rendering epithelial sheets highly susceptible to mechanical stress. Re-expression of the keratin pair K5/14, inhibition of PKC-α activity, or blocking of endocytosis reconstituted both desmosome localization at the plasma membrane and epithelial adhesion. Our findings identify a hitherto unknown mechanism by which keratins control intercellular adhesion, with potential implications for tumor invasion and keratinopathies, settings in which diminished cell adhesion facilitates tissue fragility and neoplastic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Kröger
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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Wolf A, Rietscher K, Glaß M, Hüttelmaier S, Schutkowski M, Ihling C, Sinz A, Wingenfeld A, Mun A, Hatzfeld M. Insulin signaling via Akt2 switches plakophilin 1 function from stabilizing cell adhesion to promoting cell proliferation. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:1832-44. [PMID: 23444369 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.118992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Downregulation of adherens junction proteins is a frequent event in carcinogenesis. How desmosomal proteins contribute to tumor formation by regulating the balance between adhesion and proliferation is not well understood. The desmosomal protein plakophilin 1 can increase intercellular adhesion by recruiting desmosomal proteins to the plasma membrane or stimulate proliferation by enhancing translation rates. Here, we show that these dual functions of plakophilin 1 are regulated by growth factor signaling. Insulin stimulation induced the phosphorylation of plakophilin 1, which correlated with reduced intercellular adhesion and an increased activity of plakophilin 1 in the stimulation of translation. Phosphorylation was mediated by Akt2 at four motifs within the plakophilin 1 N-terminal domain. A plakophilin 1 phospho-mimetic mutant revealed reduced intercellular adhesion and accumulated in the cytoplasm, where it increased translation and proliferation rates and conferred the capacity of anchorage-independent growth. The cytoplasmic accumulation was mediated by the stabilization of phosphorylated plakophilin 1, which displayed a considerably increased half-life, whereas non-phosphorylated plakophilin 1 was more rapidly degraded. Our data indicate that upon activation of growth factor signaling, plakophilin 1 switches from a desmosome-associated growth-inhibiting to a cytoplasmic proliferation-promoting function. This supports the view that the deregulation of plakophilin 1, as observed in several tumors, directly contributes to hyperproliferation and carcinogenesis in a context-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Division of Pathobiochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114 Halle, Germany
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50
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Torres-Martin M, Lassaletta L, San-Roman-Montero J, De Campos JM, Isla A, Gavilan J, Melendez B, Pinto GR, Burbano RR, Castresana JS, Rey JA. Microarray analysis of gene expression in vestibular schwannomas reveals SPP1/MET signaling pathway and androgen receptor deregulation. Int J Oncol 2013; 42:848-62. [PMID: 23354516 PMCID: PMC3597452 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vestibular schwannomas are benign neoplasms that arise from the vestibular nerve. The hallmark of these tumors is the biallelic inactivation of neurofibromin 2 (NF2). Transcriptomic alterations, such as the neuregulin 1 (NRG1)/ErbB2 pathway, have been described in schwannomas. In this study, we performed a whole transcriptome analysis in 31 vestibular schwannomas and 9 control nerves in the Affymetrix Gene 1.0 ST platform, validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) using TaqMan Low Density arrays. We performed a mutational analysis of NF2 by PCR/denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (dHPLC) and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), as well as a microsatellite marker analysis of the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of chromosome 22q. The microarray analysis demonstrated that 1,516 genes were deregulated and 48 of the genes were validated by qRT-PCR. At least 2 genetic hits (allelic loss and/or gene mutation) in NF2 were found in 16 tumors, seven cases showed 1 hit and 8 tumors showed no NF2 alteration. MET and associated genes, such as integrin, alpha 4 (ITGA4)/B6, PLEXNB3/SEMA5 and caveolin-1 (CAV1) showed a clear deregulation in vestibular schwannomas. In addition, androgen receptor (AR) downregulation may denote a hormonal effect or cause in this tumor. Furthermore, the osteopontin gene (SPP1), which is involved in merlin protein degradation, was upregulated, which suggests that this mechanism may also exert a pivotal role in schwannoma merlin depletion. Finally, no major differences were observed among tumors of different size, histological type or NF2 status, which suggests that, at the mRNA level, all schwannomas, regardless of their molecular and clinical characteristics, may share common features that can be used in their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Torres-Martin
- Research Unit, La Paz University Hospital, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain.
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