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Rahman MA, Apu EH, Rakib-Uz-Zaman SM, Chakraborti S, Bhajan SK, Taleb SA, Shaikh MH, Jalouli M, Harrath AH, Kim B. Exploring Importance and Regulation of Autophagy in Cancer Stem Cells and Stem Cell-Based Therapies. Cells 2024; 13:958. [PMID: 38891090 PMCID: PMC11171866 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a globally conserved cellular activity that plays a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis through the breakdown and recycling of cellular constituents. In recent years, there has been much emphasis given to its complex role in cancer stem cells (CSCs) and stem cell treatment. This study examines the molecular processes that support autophagy and how it is regulated in the context of CSCs and stem cell treatment. Although autophagy plays a dual role in the management of CSCs, affecting their removal as well as their maintenance, the intricate interaction between the several signaling channels that control cellular survival and death as part of the molecular mechanism of autophagy has not been well elucidated. Given that CSCs have a role in the development, progression, and resistance to treatment of tumors, it is imperative to comprehend their biological activities. CSCs are important for cancer biology because they also show a tissue regeneration model that helps with organoid regeneration. In other words, the manipulation of autophagy is a viable therapeutic approach in the treatment of cancer and stem cell therapy. Both synthetic and natural substances that target autophagy pathways have demonstrated promise in improving stem cell-based therapies and eliminating CSCs. Nevertheless, there are difficulties associated with the limitations of autophagy in CSC regulation, including resistance mechanisms and off-target effects. Thus, the regulation of autophagy offers a versatile strategy for focusing on CSCs and enhancing the results of stem cell therapy. Therefore, understanding the complex interactions between autophagy and CSC biology would be essential for creating therapeutic treatments that work in both regenerative medicine and cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ataur Rahman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Global Biotechnology and Biomedical Research Network (GBBRN), Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Ehsanul Hoque Apu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Knoxville, TN 37923, USA;
- DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN 37752, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - S. M Rakib-Uz-Zaman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; (S.M.R.-U.-Z.); (S.C.)
- Biotechnology Program, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, School of Data and Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Somdeepa Chakraborti
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; (S.M.R.-U.-Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Sujay Kumar Bhajan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science & Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh;
| | - Shakila Afroz Taleb
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - Mushfiq H. Shaikh
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada;
| | - Maroua Jalouli
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdel Halim Harrath
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1-5 Hoegidong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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2
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Lv X, Yang L, Xie Y, Momeni MR. Non-coding RNAs and exosomal non-coding RNAs in lung cancer: insights into their functions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1397788. [PMID: 38859962 PMCID: PMC11163066 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1397788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most common form of cancer worldwide Research points to the pivotal role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in controlling and managing the pathology by controlling essential pathways. ncRNAs have all been identified as being either up- or downregulated among individuals suffering from lung cancer thus hinting that they may play a role in either promoting or suppressing the spread of the disease. Several ncRNAs could be effective non-invasive biomarkers to diagnose or even serve as effective treatment options for those with lung cancer, and several molecules have emerged as potential targets of interest. Given that ncRNAs are contained in exosomes and are implicated in the development and progression of the malady. Herein, we have summarized the role of ncRNAs in lung cancer. Moreover, we highlight the role of exosomal ncRNAs in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Lv
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Changshou, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Tongliang District, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunbo Xie
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Feng K, Li X, Bai Y, Zhang D, Tian L. Mechanisms of cancer cell death induction by triptolide: A comprehensive overview. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24335. [PMID: 38293343 PMCID: PMC10826740 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The need for naturally occurring constituents is driven by the rise in the cancer prevalence and the unpleasant side effects associated with chemotherapeutics. Triptolide, the primary active component of "Tripterygium Wilfordii", has exploited for biological mechanisms and therapeutic potential against various tumors. Based on the recent pre-clinical investigations, triptolide is linked to the induction of death of cancerous cells by triggering cellular apoptosis via inhibiting heat shock protein expression (HSP70), and cyclin dependent kinase (CDKs) by up regulating expression of P21. MKP1, histone methyl transferases and RNA polymerases have all recently identified as potential targets of triptolide in cells. Autophagy, AKT signaling pathway and various pathways involving targeted proteins such as A-disintegrin & metalloprotease-10 (ADAM10), Polycystin-2 (PC-2), dCTP pyro-phosphatase 1 (DCTP1), peroxiredoxin-I (Prx-I), TAK1 binding protein (TAB1), kinase subunit (DNA-PKcs) and the xeroderma-pigmentosum B (XPB or ERCC3) have been exploited. Besides that, triptolide is responsible for enhancing the effectiveness of various chemotherapeutics. In addition, several triptolide moieties, including minnelide and LLDT8, have progressed in investigations on humans for the treatment of cancer. Targeted strategies, such as triptolide conjugation with ligands or triptolide loaded nano-carriers, are efficient techniques to confront toxicities associated with triptolide. We expect and anticipate that advances in near future, regarding combination therapies of triptolide, might be beneficial against cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Xiaojiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Yuzhuo Bai
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery Baishan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baishan, 134300, China
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Lung Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, China
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Izadpanah A, Mohammadkhani N, Masoudnia M, Ghasemzad M, Saeedian A, Mehdizadeh H, Poorebrahim M, Ebrahimi M. Update on immune-based therapy strategies targeting cancer stem cells. Cancer Med 2023; 12:18960-18980. [PMID: 37698048 PMCID: PMC10557910 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating data reveals that tumors possess a specialized subset of cancer cells named cancer stem cells (CSCs), responsible for metastasis and recurrence of malignancies, with various properties such as self-renewal, heterogenicity, and capacity for drug resistance. Some signaling pathways or processes like Notch, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), Hedgehog (Hh), and Wnt, as well as CSCs' surface markers such as CD44, CD123, CD133, and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) have pivotal roles in acquiring CSCs properties. Therefore, targeting CSC-related signaling pathways and surface markers might effectively eradicate tumors and pave the way for cancer survival. Since current treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy cannot eradicate all of the CSCs and tumor relapse may happen following temporary recovery, improving novel and more efficient therapeutic options to combine with current treatments is required. Immunotherapy strategies are the new therapeutic modalities with promising results in targeting CSCs. Here, we review the targeting of CSCs by immunotherapy strategies such as dendritic cell (DC) vaccines, chimeric antigen receptors (CAR)-engineered immune cells, natural killer-cell (NK-cell) therapy, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), checkpoint inhibitors, and the use of oncolytic viruses (OVs) in pre-clinical and clinical studies. This review will mainly focus on blood malignancies but also describe solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Izadpanah
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
| | - Niloufar Mohammadkhani
- Department of Clinical BiochemistrySchool of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mina Masoudnia
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mahsa Ghasemzad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology‐Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in BiologyUniversity of Science and CultureTehranIran
| | - Arefeh Saeedian
- Radiation Oncology Research CenterCancer Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Department of Radiation OncologyCancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Hamid Mehdizadeh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
| | - Mansour Poorebrahim
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, University of CalgaryAlbertaCalgaryCanada
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
- Department of regenerative medicineCell Science research Center, Royan Institute for stem cell biology and technology, ACECRTehranIran
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Berner J, Miebach L, Kordt M, Seebauer C, Schmidt A, Lalk M, Vollmar B, Metelmann HR, Bekeschus S. Chronic oxidative stress adaptation in head and neck cancer cells generates slow-cyclers with decreased tumour growth in vivo. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:869-883. [PMID: 37460712 PMCID: PMC10449771 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02343-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in cancer therapy and as drivers of microenvironmental tumour cell adaptations. Medical gas plasma is a multi-ROS generating technology that has been shown effective for palliative tumour control in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients before tumour cells adapted to the oxidative stress and growth regressed fatally. METHODS In a bedside-to-bench approach, we sought to explore the oxidative stress adaptation in two human squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Gas plasma was utilised as a putative therapeutic agent and chronic oxidative stress inducer. RESULTS Cellular responses of single and multiple treated cells were compared regarding sensitivity, cellular senescence, redox state and cytokine release. Whole transcriptome analysis revealed a strong correlation of cancer cell adaption with increased interleukin 1 receptor type 2 (IL1R2) expression. Using magnetic resonance imaging, tumour growth and gas plasma treatment responses of wild-type (WT) and repeatedly exposed (RE) A431 cells were further investigated in a xenograft model in vivo. RE cells generated significantly smaller tumours with suppressed inflammatory secretion profiles and increased epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activity showing significantly lower gas plasma sensitivity until day 8. CONCLUSIONS Clinically, combination treatments together with cetuximab, an EGFR inhibitor, may overcome acquired oxidative stress resistance in HNC.
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Grants
- This study was funded by the joint research project ONKOTHER-H is supported by the European Social Fund (ESF, grant numbers ESF/14-BM-A55-0003/18, ESF/14-BM-A55-0005/18, and ESF/14-BM-A55-0006/18) and the Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany, as well as the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, grant numbers 03Z22DN11 and 03Z22Di1).
- This study was funded by the joint research project ONKOTHER-H is supported by the European Social Fund (ESF, grant numbers ESF/14-BM-A55-0005/18).
- Gerhard-Domagk-Foundation Greifswald (Germany).
- This study was funded by the joint research project ONKOTHER-H is supported by the European Social Fund (ESF, grant numbers ESF/14-BM-A55-0003/18).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Berner
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial, and Plastic Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lea Miebach
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcel Kordt
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69a, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian Seebauer
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial, and Plastic Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anke Schmidt
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Lalk
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69a, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hans-Robert Metelmann
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial, and Plastic Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany.
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venerology, Rostock University Medical Center, Strempelstr. 13, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
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6
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Cheng PL, Hsiao TH, Chen CH, Hung MN, Jhan PP, Lee LW, Wu TS, Tsai JR, Teng CLJ. Chemoresistance in acute myeloid leukemia: An alternative single-cell RNA sequencing approach. Hematol Oncol 2023; 41:499-509. [PMID: 36790759 DOI: 10.1002/hon.3129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that myc, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, mTOR, and stemness are independently responsible for chemoresistance in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. This study aimed to identify potential mechanisms of chemoresistance of the "7 + 3" induction in AML by using a single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) approach. In the present study, 13 untreated patients with de novo AML were enrolled and stratified into two groups: complete remission (CR; n = 8) and non-CR (n = 5). Single-cell RNA sequencing was used to analyze genetic profiles of 28,950 AML cells from these patients; results were validated using a previously published bulk RNA-seq dataset. Our study results showed chemoresistant AML cells had premature accumulation during early hematopoiesis. Hematopoietic stem cell-like cells from the non-CR group expressed more leukemic stem cell markers (CD9, CD82, IL3RA, and IL1RAP) than those from the CR group. Chemoresistant progenitor cells had impaired myeloid differentiation owing to early arrest of hematopoiesis. Notably, AML cells analyzed by scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq harbored a comparable myeloid lineage cell fraction, which internally validated our results. Using the TCGA database, our analysis demonstrated that patients with AML with higher expression of chemoresistant genetic markers (IL3RA and IL1RAP) had a worse overall survival (p < 0.01 for IL3RA; p < 0.05 for IL1RAP). In conclusion, AML cells responsive and resistant to the "7 + 3" induction were derived from a diverse cancerous hematopoietic stem cell population, as indicated by the specific genetic biomarkers obtained using scRNA-seq approach. Furthermore, arrest of hematopoiesis was shown to occur earlier in chemoresistant AML cells, furthering the current understanding of chemoresistance in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Liang Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hung Hsiao
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsing Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Miao-Neng Hung
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Pei Jhan
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wen Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Shuan Wu
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Rung Tsai
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Lin Jerry Teng
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Chien CH, Lai CC, Chuang JY, Chu JM, Liu CC, Chang KY. Role of SH3GLB1 in the regulation of CD133 expression in GBM cells. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:713. [PMID: 37525108 PMCID: PMC10391956 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11211-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM), a malignant brain tumor, has poor survival outcomes due to recurrence or drug resistance. We found that SH3GLB1 is a crucial factor for cells to evade temozolomide (TMZ) cytotoxicity through autophagy-mediated oxidative phosphorylation, which is associated with CD133 levels. Therefore, we propose that SH3GLB1 participate in the impact on tumor-initiating cells (TICs). METHODS The parental, the derived resistant cell lines and their CD133+ cells were used, and the levels of the proteins were compared by western blotting. Then RNA interference was applied to observe the effects of the target protein on TIC-related features. Finally, in vitro transcription assays were used to validate the association between SH3GLB1 and CD133. RESULTS The CD133+ cells from resistant cells with enhanced SH3GLB1 levels more easily survived cytotoxic treatment than those from the parental cells. Inhibition of SH3GLB1 attenuated frequency and size of spheroid formation, and the levels of CD133 and histone 4 lysine 5 (H4K5) acetylation can be simultaneously regulated by SH3GLB1 modification. The H4K5 acetylation of the CD133 promoter was later suggested to be the mediating mechanism of SH3GLB1. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that SH3GLB1 can regulate CD133 expression, suggesting that the protein plays a crucial role in TICs. Our findings on the effects of SH3GLB1 on the cells will help explain tumor resistance formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hung Chien
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 367 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Cheng Lai
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 367 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Ying Chuang
- International Master Program in Medical Neuroscience, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Mei Chu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 367 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Chuan Liu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 367 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Kwang-Yu Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 367 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan.
- Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Jiang X, Liu J, Mao J, Han W, Fan Y, Luo T, Xia J, Lee MJ, Lin W. Pharmacological ascorbate potentiates combination nanomedicines and reduces cancer cell stemness to prevent post-surgery recurrence and systemic metastasis. Biomaterials 2023; 295:122037. [PMID: 36773429 PMCID: PMC9998353 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Conventional chemotherapy targets proliferative cancer cells to halt tumor progression or regress tumors. However, the plasticity of tumor cells enables their phenotypical changes to acquire chemo-resistance, leading to treatment failure or tumor recurrence after a successful treatment course. Here, we report the use of high-dose pharmacologic ascorbate to potentiate treatment efficacy of nanoscale coordination polymers (NCPs) delivering two clinical combinations of chemotherapeutics, carboplatin/docetaxel and oxaliplatin/SN38, and to target metabolic plasticity of tumor cells. Combination treatments of high-dose ascorbate and NCPs overcome multi-drug resistance by significantly reducing the abundance of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in solid tumors, as evidenced by reduced expression of tumor pluripotency factors. The clearance of CSCs inhibits post-surgery recurrence and systemic metastasis in multiple mouse models of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Jianqiao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Jianming Mao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Wenbo Han
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Yingjie Fan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Taokun Luo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Junjie Xia
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Morten J Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Wenbin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA; Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, 5758, S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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9
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Chai C, Ji P, Xu H, Tang H, Wang Z, Zhang H, Zhou W. Targeting cancer drug resistance utilizing organoid technology. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114098. [PMID: 36528918 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer organoids generated from 3D in vitro cell cultures have contributed to the study of drug resistance. Maintenance of genomic and transcriptomic similarity between organoids and parental cancer allows organoids to have the ability of accurate prediction in drug resistance testing. Protocols of establishing therapy-sensitive and therapy-resistant organoids are concluded in two aspects, which are generated directly from respective patients' cancer and by induction of anti-cancer drug. Genomic and transcriptomic analyses and gene editing have been applied to organoid studies to identify key targets in drug resistance and FGFR3, KHDRBS3, lnc-RP11-536 K7.3 and FBN1 were found to be key targets. Furthermore, mechanisms contributing to resistance have been identified, including metabolic adaptation, activation of DNA damage response, defects in apoptosis, reduced cellular senescence, cellular plasticity, subpopulation interactions and gene fusions. Additionally, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been verified to be involved in drug resistance utilizing organoid technology. Reversal of drug resistance can be achieved by targeting key genes and CSCs in cancer organoids. In this review, we summarize applications of organoids to cancer drug resistance research, indicating prospects and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changpeng Chai
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China; The Forth Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.
| | - Pengfei Ji
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.
| | - Hao Xu
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.
| | - Huan Tang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.
| | - Zhengfeng Wang
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.
| | - Wence Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China; The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.
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10
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Zhang R, Zhang X, Zhang W, Cui W, Xiao Y, Liu L, Zhi S, Feng X, Liu X, Shen Y, Chai J, Hao J. Sohlh2 Regulates the Stemness and Differentiation of Colon Cancer Stem Cells by Downregulating LncRNA-H19 Transcription. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:115-126. [PMID: 36287177 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Colon cancer stem cells (CSC) are tumor-initiating cells that drive tumorigenesis and progression through self-renewal and various differentiation potency. Therefore, the identification of factors critical for colon CSC function is vital for the development of therapies. Sohlh2 belongs to the superfamily of bhlh transcription factors and serves as a tumor suppressor in several tumors. The role of Sohlh2 in CSCs remains unknown. Here we demonstrated that Sohlh2 was related to the inhibition of LncRNA-H19/miR-141/β-catenin signaling and led to the consequent suppression of colon CSC stemness and the promotion of colon CSC differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, Sohlh2 could directly bind to the promoter of LncRNA-H19 and repress its transcription activity. LncRNA-H19 mediated the effects of Sohlh2 on colon CSC stemness and differentiation. Clinically, we observed a significant inverse correlation between Sohlh2 and LncRNA-H19, β-catenin, Lgr5, CD133 expression levels, and positive correlation between Sohlh2 and MUC2, TFF2 expression in colon cancer tissues. Collectively, our findings suggest an important role of the Sohlh2/LncRNA-H19/miR-141/β-catenin pathway in regulating colon CSC stemness and differentiation, suggesting potential therapeutic targets for colon cancer. IMPLICATIONS This study identifies that Sohlh2 directly manipulates LncRNA-H19 transcription and suppresses the β-catenin signaling pathway and the Sohlh2/LncRNA-H19/miR-141/β-catenin signaling pathway plays an essential role in the stemness of colon CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Wenfang Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Linyi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Weiwei Cui
- Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Yunling Xiao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Lanlan Liu
- Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Sujuan Zhi
- Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoning Feng
- Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Xuyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Chai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Hao
- Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
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11
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Xie C, Gu A, Khan M, Yao X, Chen L, He J, Yuan F, Wang P, Yang Y, Wei Y, Tang F, Su H, Chen J, Li J, Cen B, Xu Z. Opportunities and challenges of hepatocellular carcinoma organoids for targeted drugs sensitivity screening. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1105454. [PMID: 36686807 PMCID: PMC9853547 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1105454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the malignancies worldwide with a high mortality rate and an increasing incidence. Molecular Targeted agents are its common first-line treatment. Organoid technology, as a cutting-edge technology, is gradually being applied in the development of therapeutic oncology. Organoid models can be used to perform sensitivity screening of targeted drugs to facilitate the development of innovative therapeutic agents for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the opportunities and challenges of hepatocellular carcinoma organoids in targeted drug sensitivity testing as well as a future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiying Xie
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ancheng Gu
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Khan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangcao Yao
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leping Chen
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiali He
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fumiao Yuan
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yufan Yang
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yerong Wei
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Tang
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hualong Su
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Chen
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinxia Li
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bohong Cen
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,*Correspondence: Bohong Cen, ; Zhongyuan Xu,
| | - Zhongyuan Xu
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Bohong Cen, ; Zhongyuan Xu,
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12
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Meng Q, Deng Y, Lu Y, Wu C, Tang S. Tumor-derived miRNAs as tumor microenvironment regulators for synergistic therapeutic options. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:423-439. [PMID: 36378341 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04432-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that perform post-transcriptional gene regulation. This review focuses on the role of tumor cell-derived miRNAs in the regulation of the tumor microenvironment (TME) via receptor cell recoding, including angiogenesis, expression of immunosuppressive molecules, formation of radiation resistance, and chemoresistance. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of these molecules as adjuvant therapies in combination with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or immunotherapy, as well as their advantages as efficacy predictors for personalized therapy. MiRNA-based therapeutic agents for tumors are currently in clinical trials, and while challenges remain, additional research on tumor-derived miRNAs is warranted, which may provide significant clinical benefits to cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxing Meng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liu Zhou, China.,Liuzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Viral Diseases, Liu Zhou, China
| | - Yaoming Deng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liu Zhou, China.,Liuzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Viral Diseases, Liu Zhou, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liu Zhou, China.,Liuzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Viral Diseases, Liu Zhou, China
| | - Chunfeng Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liu Zhou, China.,Liuzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Viral Diseases, Liu Zhou, China
| | - Shifu Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liu Zhou, China. .,Liuzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Viral Diseases, Liu Zhou, China.
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13
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Jiang L, Li L, Liu Y, Lu L, Zhan M, Yuan S, Liu Y. Drug resistance mechanism of kinase inhibitors in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1097277. [PMID: 36891274 PMCID: PMC9987615 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1097277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of primary liver cancer, and it usually occurs following chronic liver disease. Although some progress has been made in the treatment of HCC, the prognosis of patients with advanced HCC is not optimistic, mainly because of the inevitable development of drug resistance. Therefore, multi-target kinase inhibitors for the treatment of HCC, such as sorafenib, lenvatinib, cabozantinib, and regorafenib, produce small clinical benefits for patients with HCC. It is necessary to study the mechanism of kinase inhibitor resistance and explore possible solutions to overcome this resistance to improve clinical benefits. In this study, we reviewed the mechanisms of resistance to multi-target kinase inhibitors in HCC and discussed strategies that can be used to improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated With Jinan University), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Luan Li
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongzhuang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated With Jinan University), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Meixiao Zhan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated With Jinan University), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengtao Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated With Jinan University), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
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14
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Gong L, Yin Y, Chen C, Wan Q, Xia D, Wang M, Pu Z, Zhang B, Zou J. Characterization of EGFR-reprogrammable temozolomide-resistant cells in a model of glioblastoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:438. [PMID: 36316307 PMCID: PMC9622861 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01230-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) resistance is a major clinical challenge for glioblastoma (GBM). O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) mediated DNA damage repair is a key mechanism for TMZ resistance. However, MGMT-null GBM patients remain resistant to TMZ, and the process for resistance evolution is largely unknown. Here, we developed an acquired TMZ resistant xenograft model using serial implantation of MGMT-hypermethylated U87 cells, allowing the extraction of stable, TMZ resistant (TMZ-R) tumors and primary cells. The derived tumors and cells exhibited stable multidrug resistance both in vitro and in vivo. Functional experiments, as well as single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), indicated that TMZ treatment induced cellular heterogeneity including quiescent cancer stem cells (CSCs) in TMZ-R tumors. A subset of these were labeled by NES+/SOX2+/CADM1+ and demonstrated significant advantages for drug resistance. Further study revealed that Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) deficiency and diminished downstream signaling may confer this triple positive CSCs subgroup’s quiescent phenotypes and chemoresistance. Continuous EGF treatment improved the chemosensitivity of TMZ-R cells both in vitro and in vivo, mechanically reversing cell cycle arrest and reduced drug uptake. Further, EGF treatment of TMZ-R tumors favorably normalized the response to TMZ in combination therapy. Here, we characterize a unique subgroup of CSCs in MGMT-null experimental glioblastoma, identifying EGF + TMZ therapy as a potential strategy to overcome cellular quiescence and TMZ resistance, likely endowed by deficient EGFR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Gong
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023 China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023 China
| | - Ying Yin
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023 China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023 China
| | - Cheng Chen
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023 China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023 China
| | - Quan Wan
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002 China
| | - Die Xia
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023 China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023 China
| | - Mei Wang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023 China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023 China
| | - Zhening Pu
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023 China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023 China
| | - Bo Zhang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023 China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023 China
| | - Jian Zou
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023 China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023 China
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15
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Abdelrahim AA, Hong S, Song JM. Integrative In Situ Photodynamic Therapy-Induced Cell Death Measurement of 3D-Bioprinted MCF-7 Tumor Spheroids. Anal Chem 2022; 94:13936-13943. [PMID: 36167500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of new in vitro models that closely mimic the tumor microenvironment (TME) to evaluate the efficacy of anticancer drugs has received great attention. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) bioprinted Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cancer spheroid-embedded hydrogel model was suggested for integrative in situ determination of the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of photosensitizers (PSs). The MCF-7 cell-laden alginate/gelatin hydrogel was printed for the fabrication of tumor spheroids. The hydrogel was used to mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding the cancer cells in the TME. The fluorescence intensities corresponding to photodynamic therapy (PDT)-induced death of tumor spheroids probed by the laser showed a random distribution in the hydrogel, regardless of the focus of the laser and the vertical-axis direction in which the laser was passed. These results enabled integrative in situ measurement of all tumor spheroids probed by the laser without needing to separate the tumor spheroids in the hydrogel and measure them individually. When compared with two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cultures, very large IC50 values of the PSs, chlorin e6 (Ce6) and sulfonated tetraphenyl porphyrin (sTPP), were achieved in MCF-7 spheroid-embedded hydrogels mainly due to the drug resistance of the tumor spheroids. Additionally, the heterogenic PDT response of single MCF-7 cancer cells in a single tumor spheroid was observed through 3D imaging of irregular apoptosis in a single spheroid since single tumor spheroids showed a heterogenic PDT response. Furthermore, the laser-power-dependent IC50 values of PSs were obtained using the MCF-7 spheroid-embedded hydrogel model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman A Abdelrahim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sera Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Joon Myong Song
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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16
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Hajimoradi Javarsiani M, Sajedianfard J, Haghjooy Javanmard S. The effects of metformin on the hippo pathway in the proliferation of melanoma cancer cells: a preclinical study. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1150-1155. [PMID: 32407182 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1760304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
YAP and TAZ, two closely related transcriptional regulators, have crucial roles in tissue repair upon injury, organ size control, and cancer treatment. Some drugs, such as metformin, that alter cell metabolism can play a role in the regulation of the Hippo pathway. The cells were treated with various concentrations of metformin, dacarbazine (IC50), and both of them. The evaluation of the biomarker and proteins was performed by FACS and immunoblotting, respectively. Cell viability was reduced by 50% after 24 h. Data showed that metformin treatment down-regulated YAP and TAZ (p = .002) expressions and enhanced YAP phosphorylation (p < .001). Metformin, alone and in combination, inhibited the growth and viability of melanoma cells in vitro. The increase in the phosphorylation of YAP renders it a potential target in the development of anticancer drugs. This study showed the effects of metformin on the inhibition of oncogenic YAP and TAZ in the proliferation of melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javad Sajedianfard
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shagayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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17
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Le Minh G, Reginato MJ. Role of O-GlcNAcylation on cancer stem cells: Connecting nutrient sensing to cell plasticity. Adv Cancer Res 2022; 157:195-228. [PMID: 36725109 PMCID: PMC9895886 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor growth and metastasis can be promoted by a small sub-population of cancer cells, termed cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). While CSCs possess capability in self-renewing and differentiating, the hierarchy of CSCs during tumor growth is highly plastic. This plasticity in CSCs fate and function can be regulated by signals from the tumor microenvironment. One emerging pathway in CSCs that connects the alteration in microenvironment and signaling network in cancer cells is the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). The final product of HBP, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), is utilized for glycosylating of membrane and secreted proteins, but also nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins by the post-translational modification O-GlcNAcylation. O-GlcNAcylation and its enzyme, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), are upregulated in nearly all cancers and been linked to regulate many cancer cell phenotypes. Recent studies have begun to connect OGT and O-GlcNAcylation to regulation of CSCs. In this review, we will discuss the emerging role of OGT and O-GlcNAcylation in regulating fate and plasticity of CSCs, as well as the potential in targeting OGT/O-GlcNAcylation in CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giang Le Minh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mauricio J Reginato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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18
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Yao J, Li G, Cui Z, Chen P, Wang J, Hu Z, Zhang L, Wei L. The Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor I1 Induces Differentiation of Acute Leukemia Cells With MLL Gene Rearrangements via Epigenetic Modification. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:876076. [PMID: 35571127 PMCID: PMC9091196 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.876076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute leukemia (AL) is characterized by excessive proliferation and impaired differentiation of leukemic cells. AL includes acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Previous studies have demonstrated that about 10% of AML and 22% of ALL are mixed lineage leukemia gene rearrangements (MLLr) leukemia. The prognosis of MLLr leukemia is poor and new therapeutics are urgently needed. Differentiation therapy with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) has prolonged the 5-years disease-free survival rate in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), a subtype of AML. However, the differentiation therapy has not been effective in other acute leukemia. Here, we aim to explore the cell differentiation effect of the potent HDACs inhibitor, I1, and the possible mechanism on the MLLr-AML and MLLr-ALL cells (MOLM-13, THP-1, MV4-11 and SEM). It is shown that I1 can significantly inhibit the proliferation and the colony-forming ability of MOLM-13, THP-1, MV4-11 and SEM cells by promoting cell differentiation coupled with cell cycle block at G0/G1 phase. We show that the anti-proliferative effect of I1 attributed to cell differentiation is most likely associated with the HDAC inhibition activity, as assessed by the acetylation of histone H3 and H4, which may dictates the activation of hematopoietic cell lineage pathway in both MOLM-13 and THP-1 cell lines. Moreover, the activity of HDAC inhibition of I1 is stronger than that of SAHA in MOLM-13 and THP-1 cells. Our findings suggest that I1, as a chromatin-remodeling agent, could be a potent epigenetic drug to overcome differentiation block in MLLr-AL patients and would be promising for the treatment of AL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfang Yao
- Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Gentao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zihui Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Peilei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jinhong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zhenbo Hu
- Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Liuya Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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Di Fiore R, Suleiman S, Drago-Ferrante R, Subbannayya Y, Pentimalli F, Giordano A, Calleja-Agius J. Cancer Stem Cells and Their Possible Implications in Cervical Cancer: A Short Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095167. [PMID: 35563557 PMCID: PMC9106065 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common type of gynecological malignancy affecting females worldwide. Most CC cases are linked to infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV). There has been a significant decrease in the incidence and death rate of CC due to effective cervical Pap smear screening and administration of vaccines. However, this is not equally available throughout different societies. The prognosis of patients with advanced or recurrent CC is particularly poor, with a one-year relative survival rate of a maximum of 20%. Increasing evidence suggests that cancer stem cells (CSCs) may play an important role in CC tumorigenesis, metastasis, relapse, and chemo/radio-resistance, thus representing potential targets for a better therapeutic outcome. CSCs are a small subpopulation of tumor cells with self-renewing ability, which can differentiate into heterogeneous tumor cell types, thus creating a progeny of cells constituting the bulk of tumors. Since cervical CSCs (CCSC) are difficult to identify, this has led to the search for different markers (e.g., ABCG2, ITGA6 (CD49f), PROM1 (CD133), KRT17 (CK17), MSI1, POU5F1 (OCT4), and SOX2). Promising therapeutic strategies targeting CSC-signaling pathways and the CSC niche are currently under development. Here, we provide an overview of CC and CCSCs, describing the phenotypes of CCSCs and the potential of targeting CCSCs in the management of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Di Fiore
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta;
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
- Correspondence: (R.D.F.); (J.C.-A.)
| | - Sherif Suleiman
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta;
| | | | - Yashwanth Subbannayya
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway;
| | - Francesca Pentimalli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University “Giuseppe DeGennaro”, 70010 Casamassima, Italy;
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Jean Calleja-Agius
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta;
- Correspondence: (R.D.F.); (J.C.-A.)
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20
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Zhu Y, Chen Z, Kim SN, Gan C, Ryl T, Lesjak MS, Rodemerk J, Zhong RD, Wrede K, Dammann P, Sure U. Characterization of Temozolomide Resistance Using a Novel Acquired Resistance Model in Glioblastoma Cell Lines. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092211. [PMID: 35565340 PMCID: PMC9101568 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Temozolomide (TMZ) is the first-line drug for chemotherapy of GBM, the most aggressive and incurable brain tumor. Acquired chemoresistance is a hallmark that causes the poor prognosis of GBM. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms by using a proper model becomes emergent. Previous models usually take weeks/months and are often not fully representative of characteristics of TMZ resistance. We established an acute acquired TMZ resistance model using GBM cell lines with different genomic backgrounds. In response to TMZ, the resistant cells showed less susceptibility and sustained regrowth, high clonogenicity, reduced DNA damage accompanied by attenuated MMR, shortened G2/M arrest, uncontrolled DNA replication, and evasion of apoptosis. Moreover, these TMZ resistant cells presented stem cell properties that are critical for chemoresistance. Thus, our model recapitulates all key features of TMZ resistance and is believed to be a promising model to study the underlying mechanisms and define therapeutics for GBM in the future. Abstract Temozolomide (TMZ) is the first line of standard therapy in glioblastoma (GBM). However, relapse occurs due to TMZ resistance. We attempted to establish an acquired TMZ resistance model that recapitulates the TMZ resistance phenotype and the relevant gene signature. Two GBM cell lines received two cycles of TMZ (150 µM) treatment for 72 h each. Regrown cells (RG2) were defined as TMZ resistant cells. MTT assay revealed significantly less susceptibility and sustained growth of RG2 compared with parental cells after TMZ challenge. TMZ-induced DNA damage significantly decreased in 53BP1-foci reporter transduced-RG2 cells compared with parental cells, associated with downregulation of MSH2 and MSH6. Flow cytometry revealed reduced G2/M arrest, increased EdU incorporation and suppressed apoptosis in RG2 cells after TMZ treatment. Colony formation and neurosphere assay demonstrated enhanced clonogenicity and neurosphere formation capacity in RG2 cells, accompanied by upregulation of stem markers. Collectively, we established an acute TMZ resistance model that recapitulated key features of TMZ resistance involving impaired mismatch repair, redistribution of cell cycle phases, increased DNA replication, reduced apoptosis and enhanced self-renewal. Therefore, this model may serve as a promising research tool for studying mechanisms of TMZ resistance and for defining therapeutic approaches to GBM in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (Z.C.); (S.N.K.); (C.G.); (T.R.); (M.S.L.); (J.R.); (R.D.Z.); (K.W.); (P.D.); (U.S.)
- Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +0049-201-723-1231
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (Z.C.); (S.N.K.); (C.G.); (T.R.); (M.S.L.); (J.R.); (R.D.Z.); (K.W.); (P.D.); (U.S.)
- Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Su Na Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (Z.C.); (S.N.K.); (C.G.); (T.R.); (M.S.L.); (J.R.); (R.D.Z.); (K.W.); (P.D.); (U.S.)
- Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Chao Gan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (Z.C.); (S.N.K.); (C.G.); (T.R.); (M.S.L.); (J.R.); (R.D.Z.); (K.W.); (P.D.); (U.S.)
| | - Tatsiana Ryl
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (Z.C.); (S.N.K.); (C.G.); (T.R.); (M.S.L.); (J.R.); (R.D.Z.); (K.W.); (P.D.); (U.S.)
| | - Michaela Silvia Lesjak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (Z.C.); (S.N.K.); (C.G.); (T.R.); (M.S.L.); (J.R.); (R.D.Z.); (K.W.); (P.D.); (U.S.)
| | - Jan Rodemerk
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (Z.C.); (S.N.K.); (C.G.); (T.R.); (M.S.L.); (J.R.); (R.D.Z.); (K.W.); (P.D.); (U.S.)
- Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Rong De Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (Z.C.); (S.N.K.); (C.G.); (T.R.); (M.S.L.); (J.R.); (R.D.Z.); (K.W.); (P.D.); (U.S.)
| | - Karsten Wrede
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (Z.C.); (S.N.K.); (C.G.); (T.R.); (M.S.L.); (J.R.); (R.D.Z.); (K.W.); (P.D.); (U.S.)
- Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp Dammann
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (Z.C.); (S.N.K.); (C.G.); (T.R.); (M.S.L.); (J.R.); (R.D.Z.); (K.W.); (P.D.); (U.S.)
- Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sure
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (Z.C.); (S.N.K.); (C.G.); (T.R.); (M.S.L.); (J.R.); (R.D.Z.); (K.W.); (P.D.); (U.S.)
- Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
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21
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Dai S, Liu T, Liu YY, He Y, Liu T, Xu Z, Wang ZW, Luo F. Long Non-Coding RNAs in Lung Cancer: The Role in Tumor Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:795874. [PMID: 35047506 PMCID: PMC8762058 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.795874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of various therapeutic interventions, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, have effectively induced tumor remission for patients with advanced lung cancer. However, few cancer patients can obtain significant and long-lasting therapeutic effects for the limitation of immunological nonresponse and resistance. For this case, it’s urgent to identify new biomarkers and develop therapeutic targets for future immunotherapy. Over the past decades, tumor microenvironment (TME)-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have gradually become well known to us. A large number of existing studies have indicated that TME-related lncRNAs are one of the major factors to realize precise diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. Herein, this paper discusses the roles of lncRNAs in TME, and the potential application of lncRNAs as biomarkers or therapeutic targets for immunotherapy in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Dai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan-Yang Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingying He
- Oncology Department, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Zihan Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi-Wu Wang
- Department of Chemoradiotherapy, Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Feng Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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22
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Suk Y, Gwynne WD, Burns I, Venugopal C, Singh SK. Childhood Medulloblastoma: An Overview. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2423:1-12. [PMID: 34978683 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1952-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor, representing 60% of childhood intracranial embryonal tumors. Despite multimodal advances in therapies over the last 20 years that have yielded a 5-year survival rate of 75%, high-risk patients (younger than 3 years, subtotal resection, metastatic lesions at diagnosis) still experience a 5-year overall survival of less than 70%. In this introductory chapter on pediatric MB, we describe the initial discrimination of MB based on histopathological examination and the more recent progress made in global gene expression profiling methods that have allowed scientists to more accurately subclassify and prognosticate on MB based on molecular characteristics. The identification of subtype-specific molecular drivers and pathways presents novel therapeutic targets that could lead to MB subtype-specific treatment modalities. Additionally, we detail how the cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis provides an explanation for tumor recurrence, and the potential for CSC-targeted therapies to address treatment-refractory MB. These personalized therapies can potentially increase MB survivorship and negate some of the long-term neurotoxicity associated with the current standard of care for MB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Suk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - William D Gwynne
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ian Burns
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Chitra Venugopal
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sheila K Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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23
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Deshmukh AP, den Hollander P, Kuburich NA, Vasaikar S, Joseph R, Mani SA. Enrichment of Cancer Stem Cells in a Tumorsphere Assay. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2429:501-507. [PMID: 35507184 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1979-7_34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subpopulation of self-renewing cancer cells that are present within tumors. CSCs possess tumor initiation potential as well as the ability to resist toxic compounds and chemotherapeutic agents through the upregulation of drug efflux transporters, DNA repair pathways, and survival cascades. Accumulating evidence suggests that CSCs are responsible for tumor relapse and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents and that targeting CSCs is critical to inhibition of cancer progression. Therefore, isolation and characterization of CSCs is important in studying tumor initiation and progression. In this chapter, we provide a detailed method for the identification and isolation of CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet P Deshmukh
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Petra den Hollander
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nick A Kuburich
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Suhas Vasaikar
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robiya Joseph
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sendurai A Mani
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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24
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He X, Tang J, Yan HZ, Wang JX, Li HQ, Duan XW, Yu SY, Hou XL, Liao GB, Liu W. Anemoside B4 sensitizes human colorectal cancer to fluorouracil-based chemotherapy through src-mediated cell apoptosis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:25365-25376. [PMID: 34890366 PMCID: PMC8714157 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Currently, 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) based chemotherapy is the primary option for colorectal cancer after surgery, whereas chemotherapy resistance related mortality is observed in a large proportion of patients. Anemoside B4 (AB4) is a triterpene saponin, which exhibits a considerable activity in oncotherapy. In this study, we explored the efficacy of AB4 in FU-based chemotherapy in colorectal cancer cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Our results indicated a significant synergistic activity of AB4 in 5-FU treated colorectal cancer cells. Furthermore, AB4 treatment eliminated colorectal cancer stem cells by promoting apoptotic cell death in 5-FU resistant colorectal cancer cells. Mechanically, AB4 activated caspase-9 pathway in 5-FU resistant colorectal cancer cells. Elevated Src activity induced cell apoptosis and cancer stem cells elimination effects in AB4 treated colorectal cancer cells. In conclusion, AB4 showed promising sensitization effect in the FU-based chemotherapy of colorectal cancer. Our study may pave a way to ameliorate FU-based chemotherapeutic efficiency in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 901 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 901 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - He-Zhong Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 901 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Jiao-Xue Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 901 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Hai-Qing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 901 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 901 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Sen-Yuan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 901 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Xi-Lu Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 901 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Guo-Bin Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 901 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 901 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
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25
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Dadgar T, Ebrahimi N, Gholipour AR, Akbari M, Khani L, Ahmadi A, Hamblin MR. Targeting the metabolism of cancer stem cells by energy disruptor molecules. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 169:103545. [PMID: 34838705 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in various tumor types. CSCs are believed to contribute to tumor metastasis and resistance to conventional therapy. So targeting these cells could be an effective strategy to eliminate tumors and a promising new type of cancer treatment. Alterations in metabolism play an essential role in CSC biology and their resistance to treatment. The metabolic properties pathways in CSCs are different from normal cells, and to some extent, are different from regular tumor cells. Interestingly, CSCs can use other nutrients for their metabolism and growth. The different metabolism causes increased sensitivity of CSCs to agents that disrupt cellular homeostasis. Compounds that interfere with the central metabolic pathways are known as energy disruptors and can reduce CSC survival. This review highlights the differences between regular cancer cells and CSC metabolism and discusses the action mechanisms of energy disruptors at the cellular and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahere Dadgar
- Department of Biology, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Nasim Ebrahimi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell and Molecular & Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Gholipour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Maryam Akbari
- Department of Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Khani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Ahmadi
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Nano and Bio Science and Technology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
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26
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Li QZ, Zuo ZW, Zhou ZR, Ji Y. Polyamine homeostasis-based strategies for cancer: The role of combination regimens. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 910:174456. [PMID: 34464603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Spermine, spermidine and putrescine polyamines are naturally occurring ubiquitous positively charged amines and are essential metabolites for biological functions in our life. These compounds play a crucial role in many cell processes, including cellular proliferation, growth, and differentiation. Intracellular levels of polyamines depend on their biosynthesis, transport and degradation. Polyamine levels are high in cancer cells, which leads to the promotion of tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. Targeting polyamine metabolism as an anticancer strategy is considerably rational. Due to compensatory mechanisms, a single strategy does not achieve satisfactory clinical effects when using a single agent. Combination regimens are more clinically promising for cancer chemoprevention because they work synergistically with causing little or no adverse effects due to each individual agent being used at lower doses. Moreover, bioactive substances have advantages over single chemical agents because they can affect multiple targets. In this review, we discuss anticancer strategies targeting polyamine metabolism and describe how combination treatments and effective natural active ingredients are promising therapies. The existing research suggests that polyamine metabolic enzymes are important therapeutic targets and that combination therapies can be more effective than monotherapies based on polyamine depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Zhang Li
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, PR China.
| | - Zan-Wen Zuo
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, PR China
| | - Ze-Rong Zhou
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, PR China
| | - Yan Ji
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, PR China
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27
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Dogan E, Kisim A, Bati-Ayaz G, Kubicek GJ, Pesen-Okvur D, Miri AK. Cancer Stem Cells in Tumor Modeling: Challenges and Future Directions. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021; 1:2100017. [PMID: 34927168 PMCID: PMC8680587 DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic tumors-on-chips models have revolutionized anticancer therapeutic research by creating an ideal microenvironment for cancer cells. The tumor microenvironment (TME) includes various cell types and cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are postulated to regulate the growth, invasion, and migratory behavior of tumor cells. In this review, the biological niches of the TME and cancer cell behavior focusing on the behavior of CSCs are summarized. Conventional cancer models such as three-dimensional cultures and organoid models are reviewed. Opportunities for the incorporation of CSCs with tumors-on-chips are then discussed for creating tumor invasion models. Such models will represent a paradigm shift in the cancer community by allowing oncologists and clinicians to predict better which cancer patients will benefit from chemotherapy treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvan Dogan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028
| | - Asli Kisim
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Gulbahce Kampusu, Urla, Izmir, 35430, Turkey
| | - Gizem Bati-Ayaz
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gregory J. Kubicek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center at Cooper, 2 Cooper Plaza, Camden, NJ 08103
| | - Devrim Pesen-Okvur
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Gulbahce Kampusu, Urla, Izmir, 35430, Turkey; Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Amir K. Miri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028; School of Medical Engineering, Science, and Health, Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103
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28
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Montoya S, Soong D, Nguyen N, Affer M, Munamarty SP, Taylor J. Targeted Therapies in Cancer: To Be or Not to Be, Selective. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1591. [PMID: 34829820 PMCID: PMC8615814 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of targeted therapies in recent years revealed several nonchemotherapeutic options for patients. Chief among targeted therapies is small molecule kinase inhibitors targeting key oncogenic signaling proteins. Through competitive and noncompetitive inhibition of these kinases, and therefore the pathways they activate, cancers can be slowed or completely eradicated, leading to partial or complete remissions for many cancer types. Unfortunately, for many patients, resistance to targeted therapies, such as kinase inhibitors, ultimately develops and can necessitate multiple lines of treatment. Drug resistance can either be de novo or acquired after months or years of drug exposure. Since resistance can be due to several unique mechanisms, there is no one-size-fits-all solution to this problem. However, combinations that target complimentary pathways or potential escape mechanisms appear to be more effective than sequential therapy. Combinations of single kinase inhibitors or alternately multikinase inhibitor drugs could be used to achieve this goal. Understanding how to efficiently target cancer cells and overcome resistance to prior lines of therapy became imperative to the success of cancer treatment. Due to the complexity of cancer, effective treatment options in the future will likely require mixing and matching these approaches in different cancer types and different disease stages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Justin Taylor
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (S.M.); (D.S.); (N.N.); (M.A.); (S.P.M.)
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Qu J, Kalyani FS, Liu L, Cheng T, Chen L. Tumor organoids: synergistic applications, current challenges, and future prospects in cancer therapy. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 41:1331-1353. [PMID: 34713636 PMCID: PMC8696219 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived cancer cells (PDCs) and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) are often used as tumor models, but have many shortcomings. PDCs not only lack diversity in terms of cell type, spatial organization, and microenvironment but also have adverse effects in stem cell cultures, whereas PDX are expensive with a low transplantation success rate and require a long culture time. In recent years, advances in three-dimensional (3D) organoid culture technology have led to the development of novel physiological systems that model the tissues of origin more precisely than traditional culture methods. Patient-derived cancer organoids bridge the conventional gaps in PDC and PDX models and closely reflect the pathophysiological features of natural tumorigenesis and metastasis, and have led to new patient-specific drug screening techniques, development of individualized treatment regimens, and discovery of prognostic biomarkers and mechanisms of resistance. Synergistic combinations of cancer organoids with other technologies, for example, organ-on-a-chip, 3D bio-printing, and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated homology-independent organoid transgenesis, and with treatments, such as immunotherapy, have been useful in overcoming their limitations and led to the development of more suitable model systems that recapitulate the complex stroma of cancer, inter-organ and intra-organ communications, and potentially multiorgan metastasis. In this review, we discuss various methods for the creation of organ-specific cancer organoids and summarize organ-specific advances and applications, synergistic technologies, and treatments as well as current limitations and future prospects for cancer organoids. Further advances will bring this novel 3D organoid culture technique closer to clinical practice in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Qu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Thoracic Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China.,Lung Cancer and Gastroenterology Department, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
| | - Farhin Shaheed Kalyani
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Thoracic Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Lung Cancer and Gastroenterology Department, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
| | - Tianli Cheng
- Thoracic Medicine Department 1, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China
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Purification of Colon Carcinoma Cells from Primary Colon Tumor Using a Filtration Method via Porous Polymeric Filters. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193411. [PMID: 34641226 PMCID: PMC8513025 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) or cancer-initiating cells (CICs) are key factors for tumor generation and metastasis. We investigated a filtration method to enhance CSCs (CICs) from colon carcinoma HT-29 cells and primary colon carcinoma cells derived from patient colon tumors using poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid)/silk screen (PLGA/SK) filters. The colon carcinoma cell solutions were permeated via porous filters to obtain a permeation solution. Then, the cell cultivation media were permeated via the filters to obtain the recovered solution, where the colon carcinoma cells that adhered to the filters were washed off into the recovered solution. Subsequently, the filters were incubated in the culture media to obtain the migrated cells via the filters. Colon carcinoma HT-29 cells with high tumorigenicity, which might be CSCs (CICs), were enhanced in the cells in the recovered solution and in the migrated cells based on the CSC (CIC) marker expression, colony-forming unit assay, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) production. Although primary colon carcinoma cells isolated from colon tumor tissues contained fibroblast-like cells, the primary colon carcinoma cells were purified from fibroblast-like cells by filtration through PLGA/SK filters, indicating that the filtration method is effective in purifying primary colon carcinoma cells.
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Mir C, Garcia-Mayea Y, Garcia L, Herrero P, Canela N, Tabernero R, Lorente J, Castellvi J, Allonca E, García-Pedrero J, Rodrigo JP, Carracedo Á, LLeonart ME. SDCBP Modulates Stemness and Chemoresistance in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma through Src Activation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194952. [PMID: 34638436 PMCID: PMC8508472 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Drug resistance is the principal limiting factor to achieving good survival rates in patients with cancer. The identification of potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognostic prediction, as well as the design of new molecular-targeted treatments, will be essential to improving head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patient outcomes. In this sense, the sensitization of resistant cells and cancer stem cells (CSCs) represents a major challenge in cancer therapy. We conducted a proteomic study involving cisplatin-resistance and CSCs with the aim to unravel the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which tumor cells acquire resistance to chemotherapy. Syntenin-1 (SDCBP) was identified as an important protein involved in the chemoresistance and stemness of HNSCC tumors. Abstract To characterize the mechanisms that govern chemoresistance, we performed a comparative proteomic study analyzing head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells: CCL-138 (parental), CCL-138-R (cisplatin-resistant), and cancer stem cells (CSCs). Syntenin-1 (SDCBP) was upregulated in CCL-138-R cells and CSCs over parental cells. SDCBP depletion sensitized biopsy-derived and established HNSCC cell lines to cisplatin (CDDP) and reduced CSC markers, Src activation being the main SDCBP downstream target. In mice, SDCBP-depleted cells formed tumors with decreased mitosis, Ki-67 positivity, and metastasis over controls. Moreover, the fusocellular pattern of CCL-138-R cell-derived tumors reverted to a more epithelial morphology upon SDCBP silencing. Importantly, SDCBP expression was associated with Src activation, poor differentiated tumor grade, advanced tumor stage, and shorter survival rates in a series of 382 HNSCC patients. Our results reveal that SDCBP might be a promising therapeutic target for effectively eliminating CSCs and CDDP resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mir
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (C.M.); (Y.G.-M.); (L.G.); (J.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yoelsis Garcia-Mayea
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (C.M.); (Y.G.-M.); (L.G.); (J.C.)
| | - Laia Garcia
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (C.M.); (Y.G.-M.); (L.G.); (J.C.)
| | - Pol Herrero
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya–Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT, 43204 Reus, Spain; (P.H.); (N.C.)
| | - Nuria Canela
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya–Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT, 43204 Reus, Spain; (P.H.); (N.C.)
| | - Rocío Tabernero
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Hospital Vall d’Hebron (HUVH), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (R.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Juan Lorente
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Hospital Vall d’Hebron (HUVH), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (R.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Josep Castellvi
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (C.M.); (Y.G.-M.); (L.G.); (J.C.)
| | - Eva Allonca
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, IUOPA, University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain or (E.A.); (J.G.-P.); (J.P.R.)
| | - Juana García-Pedrero
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, IUOPA, University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain or (E.A.); (J.G.-P.); (J.P.R.)
- Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology, CIBERONC, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Rodrigo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, IUOPA, University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain or (E.A.); (J.G.-P.); (J.P.R.)
- Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology, CIBERONC, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Carracedo
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Matilde Esther LLeonart
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (C.M.); (Y.G.-M.); (L.G.); (J.C.)
- Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology, CIBERONC, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-4894169
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Xu Q, Xu H, Chen S, Huang W. Immunological Value of Prognostic Signature Based on Cancer Stem Cell Characteristics in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:710207. [PMID: 34409040 PMCID: PMC8365341 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.710207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Liver cancer stem cells, characterized by self-renewal and initiating cancer cells, were decisive drivers of progression and therapeutic resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, a comprehensive understanding of HCC stemness has not been identified. Methods: RNA sequencing information, corresponding clinical annotation, and mutation data of HCC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas-LIHC project. Two stemness indices, mRNA expression-based stemness index (mRNAsi) and epigenetically regulated-mRNAsi, were used to comprehensively analyze HCC stemness. Estimation of Stromal and Immune Cells in Malignant Tumors using Expression Data and single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis algorithm were performed to characterize the context of tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Next, differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were employed to identify significant mRNAsi-related modules with hub genes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology enrichment pathways were analyzed to functionally annotate these key genes. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis was performed to establish a prognostic signature. Kaplan–Meier survival curves and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were applied for prognostic value validation. Seven algorithms (XCELL, TIMER, QUANTISEQ, MCPcounter, EPIC, CIBERSORT, and CIBERSORT-ABS) were utilized to draw the landscape of TIME. Finally, the mutation data were analyzed by employing “maftools” package. Results: mRNAsi was significantly elevated in HCC samples. mRNAsi escalated as tumor grade increased, with poor prognosis presenting the higher stemness index. The stemness-related (greenyellow) modules with 175 hub genes were screened based on DEGs and WGCNA. A prognostic signature was established using LASSO analysis of prognostic hub genes to classify samples into two risk subgroups, which exhibited good prognostic performance. Additionally, prognostic risk-clinical nomogram was drawn to estimate risk quantitatively. Moreover, risk score was significantly associated with contexture of TIME and immunotherapeutic targets. Finally, potential interaction between risk score with tumor mutation burden (TMB) was elucidated. Conclusion: This work comprehensively elucidated that stemness characteristics served as a crucial player in clinical outcome, complexity of TIME, and immunotherapeutic prediction from both mRNAsi and mRNA level. Quantitative identification of stemness characteristics in individual tumor will contribute into predicting clinical outcome, mapping landscape of TIME further optimizing precision immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaohuai Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wen Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Schwerdtfeger M, Desiderio V, Kobold S, Regad T, Zappavigna S, Caraglia M. Long non-coding RNAs in cancer stem cells. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101134. [PMID: 34051619 PMCID: PMC8176362 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non coding RNAs are involved in the regulation of multiple cellular processes. Cancer stemness and escape from immunological anti-cancer mechanisms are important mechanisms of resistance to anti-cancer agents and are pivotal in controlling cancer development and metastases. Long non coding RNAs have deep effects on the immune-modulation and on the control of cancer stem cells. Several pathways involved in immunological escape and cancer stemness are modulated by long non coding RNAs. Targeting long non coding RNAs is a potential new strategy to control tumor development and metastases.
In recent years, it has been evidenced that the human transcriptome includes several types of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that are mainly involved in the regulation of different cellular processes. Among ncRNAs, long-non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are defined as longer than 200 nucleotides and have been shown to be involved in several physiological and pathological events, including immune system regulation and cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are defined as a population of cancer cells that possess characteristics, such as resistance to standard treatments, cancer initiation, ability to undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and the ability to invade, spread, and generate metastases. The cancer microenvironment, together with genetic and epigenetic factors, is fundamental for CSC maintenance and tumor growth and progression. Unsurprisingly, lncRNAs have been involved in both CSC biology and cancer progression, prognosis and recurrence. Here we review the most recent literature on IncRNAs involvement in CSC biology and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Schwerdtfeger
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy; Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU Munich, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
| | - Vincenzo Desiderio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Sebastian Kobold
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU Munich, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); German Center for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tarik Regad
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Zappavigna
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
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Xie C, Lin PJ, Hao J. Eggmanone Effectively Overcomes Prostate Cancer Cell Chemoresistance. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050538. [PMID: 34066000 PMCID: PMC8151738 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer chemoresistance is a major therapeutic problem, and the underlying mechanism is not well understood and effective therapies to overcome this problem are not available. Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4), a main intracellular enzyme for cAMP hydrolysis, has been previously shown to involve in the early chemo-sensitive prostate cancer cell proliferation and progression, but its role in the more-advanced chemo-resistant prostate cancer is completely unknown. Here we found that the expression of PDE4 subtype, PDE4D, is highly elevated in the chemo-resistant prostate cancer cells (DU145-TxR and PC3-TxR) in comparison to the chemo-sensitive prostate cancer cells (DU145 and PC3). Inhibition of PDE4D with a potent and selective PDED4 inhibitor, Eggmanone, effectively decreases the invasion and proliferation as well as induces cell death of the chemo-resistant prostate cancer cells (DU145-TxR and PC3-TxR). These results were confirmed by siRNA knockdown of PDE4D. We and colleagues previously reported that Eggmanone can effectively blocked sonic Hedgehog signaling via PDE4D inhibition, and here our study suggests that that Eggmanone downregulated proliferation of the chemo-resistant prostate cancer cells via sonic Hedgehog signaling. In addition, Eggmanone treatment dose-dependently increases docetaxel cytotoxicity to DU145-TxR and PC3-TxR. As cancer stem cells (CSCs) are known to be implicated in cancer chemoresistance, we further examined Eggmanone impacts on CSC-like properties in the chemo-resistant prostate cancer cells. Our study shows that Eggmanone effectively down-regulates the expression of CSCs’ marker genes Nanog and ABC sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2) and attenuates sphere formation in DU145-TxR and PC3-TxR cells. In summary, our work shows that Eggmanone effectively overcomes the chemoresistance of prostate cancer cells presumably through sonic Hedgehog signaling and targeting CSCs, suggesting that Eggmanone may serve as a novel agent for chemo-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
| | - Pen-Jen Lin
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
| | - Jijun Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(909)-469-8686; Fax: +1-909-469-5635
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Iommelli F, De Rosa V, Terlizzi C, Fonti R, Camerlingo R, Stoppelli MP, Stewart CA, Byers LA, Piwnica-Worms D, Del Vecchio S. A Reversible Shift of Driver Dependence from EGFR to Notch1 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer as a Cause of Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092022. [PMID: 33922104 PMCID: PMC8122511 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch1 plays a key role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and in the maintenance of cancer stem cells. In the present study we tested whether high levels of activated Notch1 in oncogene-driven NSCLC can induce a reversible shift of driver dependence from EGFR to Notch1, and thus causing resistance to EGFR inhibitors. Adherent cells (parental) and tumor spheres (TS) from NSCLC H1975 cells and patient-derived CD133-positive cells were tested for EGFR and Notch1 signaling cascade. The Notch1-dependent modulation of EGFR, NCID, Hes1, p53, and Sp1 were then analyzed in parental cells by binding assays with a Notch1 agonist, DLL4. TS were more resistant than parental cells to EGFR inhibitors. A strong upregulation of Notch1 and a concomitant downregulation of EGFR were observed in TS compared to parental cells. Parental cell exposure to DLL4 showed a dose-dependent decrease of EGFR and a simultaneous increase of NCID, Hes1, p53, and Sp1, along with the dislocation of Sp1 from the EGFR promoter. Furthermore, an enhanced interaction between p53 and Sp1 was observed in TS. In NSCLC cells, high levels of active Notch1 can promote a reversible shift of driver dependence from EGFR to Notch1, leading to resistance to EGFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Iommelli
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, 80145 Naples, Italy; (F.I.); (V.D.R.); (R.F.)
| | - Viviana De Rosa
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, 80145 Naples, Italy; (F.I.); (V.D.R.); (R.F.)
| | - Cristina Terlizzi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Rosa Fonti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, 80145 Naples, Italy; (F.I.); (V.D.R.); (R.F.)
| | - Rosa Camerlingo
- Department of Cell Biology and Biotherapy, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Maria Patrizia Stoppelli
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, “Adriano Buzzati Traverso” National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - C. Allison Stewart
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.A.S.); (L.A.B.)
| | - Lauren Averett Byers
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.A.S.); (L.A.B.)
| | - David Piwnica-Worms
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Silvana Del Vecchio
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-7463307; Fax: +39-081-5457081
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Hsiao TH, Wang RC, Lu TJ, Shih CH, Su YC, Tsai JR, Jhan PP, Lia CS, Chuang HN, Chang KH, Teng CL. Chemoresponse of de novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia to "7+3" Induction can Be Predicted by c-Myc-facilitated Cytogenetics. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:649267. [PMID: 33897436 PMCID: PMC8061304 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.649267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Identifying patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who will probably respond to the “7 + 3” induction regimen remains an unsolved clinical challenge. This study aimed to identify whether c-Myc could facilitate cytogenetics to predict a “7 + 3” induction chemoresponse in de novo AML. Methods: We stratified 75 untreated patients (24 and 51 from prospective and retrospective cohorts, respectively) with de novo AML who completed “7 + 3” induction into groups with and without complete remission (CR). We then compared Myc-associated molecular signatures between the groups in the prospective cohort after gene set enrichment analysis. The expression of c-Myc protein was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. We defined high c-Myc-immunopositivity as > 40% of bone marrow myeloblasts being c-Myc (+). Results: Significantly more Myc gene expression was found in patients who did not achieve CR by “7 + 3” induction than those who did (2439.92 ± 1868.94 vs. 951.60 ± 780.68; p = 0.047). Expression of the Myc gene and c-Myc protein were positively correlated (r = 0.495; p = 0.014). Although the non-CR group did not express more c-Myc protein than the CR group (37.81 ± 25.13% vs. 29.04 ± 19.75%; p = 0.151), c-Myc-immunopositivity could be a surrogate to predict the “7 + 3” induction chemoresponse (specificity: 81.63%). More importantly, c-Myc-immunopositivity facilitated cytogenetics to predict a “7 + 3” induction chemoresponse by increasing specificity from 91.30 to 95.92%. Conclusion: The “7 + 3” induction remains the standard of care for de novo AML patients, especially for those without a high c-Myc-immunopositivity and high-risk cytogenetics. However, different regimens might be considered for patients with high c-Myc-immunopositivity or high-risk cytogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Hung Hsiao
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ren Ching Wang
- Department of Pathology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Jung Lu
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Shih
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Su
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Rong Tsai
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Pei Jhan
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cai-Sian Lia
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ni Chuang
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hsi Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,General Education Center, Jen-The Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Lin Teng
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Zhang M, Hoyle RG, Ma Z, Sun B, Cai W, Cai H, Xie N, Zhang Y, Hou J, Liu X, Chen D, Kellogg GE, Harada H, Sun Y, Wang C, Li J. FOSL1 promotes metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma through super-enhancer-driven transcription program. Mol Ther 2021; 29:2583-2600. [PMID: 33794365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we discovered that FOSL1 facilitates the metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cancer stem cells in a spontaneous mouse model. However, the molecular mechanisms remained unclear. Here, we demonstrated that FOSL1 serves as the dominant activating protein 1 (AP1) family member and is significantly upregulated in HNSCC tumor tissues and correlated with metastasis of HNSCC. Mechanistically, FOSL1 exerts its function in promoting tumorigenicity and metastasis predominantly via selective association with Mediators to establish super-enhancers (SEs) at a cohort of cancer stemness and pro-metastatic genes, such as SNAI2 and FOSL1 itself. Depletion of FOSL1 led to disruption of SEs and expression inhibition of these key oncogenes, which resulted in the suppression of tumor initiation and metastasis. We also revealed that the abundance of FOSL1 is positively associated with the abundance of SNAI2 in HNSCC and the high expression levels of FOSL1 and SNAI2 are associated with short overall disease-free survival. Finally, the administration of the FOSL1 inhibitor SR11302 significantly suppressed tumor growth and lymph node metastasis of HNSCC in a patient-derived xenograft model. These findings indicate that FOSL1 is a master regulator that promotes the metastasis of HNSCC through a SE-driven transcription program that may represent an attractive target for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Rosalie G Hoyle
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0540, USA
| | - Zhikun Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0540, USA
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0540, USA
| | - Weixin Cai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0540, USA
| | - Hongshi Cai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Nan Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Oral Pathology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Yadong Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jinsong Hou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiqiang Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Demeng Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Glen E Kellogg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0540, USA; Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0540, USA
| | - Hisashi Harada
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0540, USA; Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0540, USA; Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0540, USA
| | - Yue Sun
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0540, USA; Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0540, USA; Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0540, USA
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Jiong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0540, USA; Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0540, USA; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0540, USA; Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0540, USA; Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0540, USA.
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Targeting Hedgehog signalling in CD133-positive hepatocellular carcinoma: improving Lenvatinib therapeutic efficiency. Med Oncol 2021; 38:41. [PMID: 33730237 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01487-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Lenvatinib has been approved as a first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in recent years. However, Lenvatinib resistance hinders its therapeutic effect, and the underlying mechanism of action of Lenvatinib needs to be better understood. Increasing studies have suggested that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are an important driving force. Hedgehog signalling is important for the maintenance of hepatocellular carcinoma stemness. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic role of the Hedgehog signalling inhibitor in reversing Lenvatinib resistance in CD133-positive HCC cells. First, we examined the inhibitory impact of Lenvatinib against CD133 expression in HCC cell lines through Western blot. The CCK8 assay showed that GANT61, a Hedgehog signalling inhibitor, has a suppression advantage over other CSCs-related signalling inhibitors regarding cell viability. Moreover, Lenvatinib and GANT61 combined had better inhibitory effects on cell viability and malignant properties, both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, GANT61 reversed the upregulation of CD133 and Hedgehog signalling caused by Lenvatinib in SK-Hep-1 and MHCC97H. Thus, our results suggested that GANT61 reversed Lenvatinib resistance by suppressing Hedgehog signalling in HCC cells, especially in CD133-positive cells and combining Lenvatinib with Hedgehog signalling inhibitors could improve its therapeutic efficacy in HCC patients with high CD133 expression levels.
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Chien CH, Hsueh WT, Chuang JY, Chang KY. Dissecting the mechanism of temozolomide resistance and its association with the regulatory roles of intracellular reactive oxygen species in glioblastoma. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:18. [PMID: 33685470 PMCID: PMC7938520 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00717-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor that is usually considered fatal even with treatment. This is often a result for tumor to develop resistance. Regarding the standard chemotherapy, the alkylating agent temozolomide is effective in disease control but the recurrence will still occur eventually. The mechanism of the resistance is various, and differs in terms of innate or acquired. To date, aberrations in O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase are the clear factor that determines drug susceptibility. Alterations of the other DNA damage repair genes such as DNA mismatch repair genes are also known to affect the drug effect. Together these genes have roles in the innate resistance, but are not sufficient for explaining the mechanism leading to acquired resistance. Recent identification of specific cellular subsets with features of stem-like cells may have role in this process. The glioma stem-like cells are known for its superior ability in withstanding the drug-induced cytotoxicity, and giving the chance to repopulate the tumor. The mechanism is complicated to administrate cellular protection, such as the enhancing ability against reactive oxygen species and altering energy metabolism, the important steps to survive. In this review, we discuss the possible mechanism for these specific cellular subsets to evade cancer treatment, and the possible impact to the following treatment courses. In addition, we also discuss the possibility that can overcome this obstacle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hung Chien
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 367 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Hsueh
- Department of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Ying Chuang
- Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kwang-Yu Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 367 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan. .,Department of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Mao D, Zhou Z, Song S, Li D, He Y, Wei Z, Zhang C. Identification of Stemness Characteristics Associated With the Immune Microenvironment and Prognosis in Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:626961. [PMID: 33747944 PMCID: PMC7966731 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.626961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly heterogeneous disease. In recent years, the prognostic value of the mRNA expression-based stemness index (mRNAsi) across cancers has been reported. We intended to identify stemness index-associated genes (SI-genes) for clinical characteristic, gene mutation status, immune response, and tumor microenvironment evaluation as well as risk stratification and survival prediction. Methods The correlations between the mRNAsi and GC prognosis, clinical characteristics, gene mutation status, immune cell infiltration and tumor microenvironment were evaluated. Weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to identify SI-genes from differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was employed to calculate the sample SI-gene-based ssGSEA score according to the SI-genes. Then, the correlations between the ssGSEA score and GC prognosis, clinical characteristics, gene mutation status, immune cell infiltration and tumor microenvironment were analyzed. Finally, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression algorithm was used to construct a prognostic signature with prognostic SI-genes. The ssGSEA score and prognostic signature were validated using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Results The mRNAsi could predict overall survival (OS), clinical characteristics, the gene mutation status, immune cell infiltration, and the tumor microenvironment composition. Fourteen positive SI-genes and 178 negative SI-genes were screened out using WGCNA. The ssGSEA score, similar to the mRNAsi, was found to be closely related to OS, clinical characteristics, the gene mutation status, immune cell infiltration, and the tumor microenvironment composition. Finally, a prognostic signature based on 18 prognostic SI-genes was verified to more accurately predict GC 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year OS than traditional clinical prediction models. Conclusion The ssGSEA score and prognostic signature based on 18 prognostic SI-genes are of great value for immune response evaluation, risk stratification and survival prediction in GC and suggest that stemness features are crucial drivers of GC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deli Mao
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Shenglei Song
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongsheng Li
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yulong He
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhewei Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changhua Zhang
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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41
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The Expression Analysis of Intestinal Cancer Stem Cell Marker Lgr5 in Colorectal Cancer Patients and the Correlation with Histopathological Markers. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 51:591-599. [PMID: 31422541 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-019-00295-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have frequently been utilized in the cell characterization and identified responsible for tumor development, metastasis, recurrence, and chemoresistance. CSC surface markers function in cancer cell signaling and are indicated as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. As well, dysregulation of cancer-related signaling pathways could promote CSC development and progression. Our aim was to evaluate the expression of colorectal CSC markers and their correlation with cancer proliferation and angiogenesis. METHODS In this case-control study, total RNA was extracted from a total of 74 colorectal tumors and 74 adjacent normal tissue biopsies. Then, using a quantitative real-time PCR, the relative expression levels of Lgr5 and Lrig1 were measured in all malignant and healthy samples. Also, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of tumor tissues was performed for Ki-67 (proliferation) and CD34 (angiogenesis) markers, and the immunoexpression staining scores were obtained. The diagnostic value of the genes was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Possible correlation between CSC markers and immunohistochemical markers in CRC was analyzed by Pearson's correlation test and linear regression. RESULTS The expression level of Lgr5 in tumor samples showed a significant increase compared with normal samples (p < 0.001) with a fold change of 2.54 (± 0.182). However, there was no significant difference in the relative expression of Lrig1 gene in tissue samples of healthy subjects and patients. The analysis of the ROC showed an AUC of 0.92 for Lgr5 and sensitivity 80% and specificity 96%. Further analysis revealed a significant correlation between mRNA levels of Lgr5 and immunoexpression of Ki-67 (r2 = 0.680, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The high expression levels of Lgr5 found in tumor tissues were correlated with histological parameters, indicating a significant role in CRC development and diagnosis.
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Castelli V, Giordano A, Benedetti E, Giansanti F, Quintiliani M, Cimini A, d’Angelo M. The Great Escape: The Power of Cancer Stem Cells to Evade Programmed Cell Death. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:328. [PMID: 33477367 PMCID: PMC7830655 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the primary causes of death worldwide. Tumour malignancy is related to tumor heterogeneity, which has been suggested to be due to a small subpopulation of tumor cells named cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs exert a key role in metastasis development, tumor recurrence, and also epithelial-mesenchymal transition, apoptotic resistance, self-renewal, tumorigenesis, differentiation, and drug resistance. Several current therapies fail to eradicate tumors due to the ability of CSCs to escape different programmed cell deaths. Thus, developing CSC-selective and programmed death-inducing therapeutic approaches appears to be of primary importance. In this review, we discuss the main programmed cell death occurring in cancer and the promising CSC-targeting agents developed in recent years. Even if the reported studies are encouraging, further investigations are necessary to establish a combination of agents able to eradicate CSCs or inhibit their growth and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Castelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (V.C.); (E.B.); (F.G.); (M.Q.)
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Elisabetta Benedetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (V.C.); (E.B.); (F.G.); (M.Q.)
| | - Francesco Giansanti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (V.C.); (E.B.); (F.G.); (M.Q.)
| | - Massimiliano Quintiliani
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (V.C.); (E.B.); (F.G.); (M.Q.)
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (V.C.); (E.B.); (F.G.); (M.Q.)
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Michele d’Angelo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (V.C.); (E.B.); (F.G.); (M.Q.)
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Schubert A, Boutros M. Extracellular vesicles and oncogenic signaling. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:3-26. [PMID: 33207034 PMCID: PMC7782092 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) emerged as potential diagnostic and prognostic markers for cancer therapy. While the field of EV research is rapidly developing and their application as vehicles for therapeutic cargo is being tested, little is still known about the exact mechanisms of signaling specificity and cargo transfer by EVs, especially in vivo. Several signaling cascades have been found to use EVs for signaling in the tumor-stroma interaction. These include potentially oncogenic, verbatim transforming, signaling cascades such as Wnt and TGF-β signaling, and other signaling cascades that have been tightly associated with tumor progression and metastasis, such as PD-L1 and VEGF signaling. Multiple mechanisms of how these signaling cascades and EVs interplay to mediate these complex processes have been described, such as direct signal activation through pathway components on or in EVs or indirectly by influencing vesicle biogenesis, cargo sorting, or uptake dynamics. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of EVs, their biogenesis, and our understanding of EV interactions with recipient cells with a focus on selected oncogenic and cancer-associated signaling pathways. After an in-depth look at how EVs mediate and influence signaling, we discuss potentially translatable EV functions and existing knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Schubert
- Division Signaling and Functional GenomicsGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Heidelberg UniversityGermany
- Clinic for Hematology and Medical OncologyUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGermany
| | - Michael Boutros
- Division Signaling and Functional GenomicsGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Heidelberg UniversityGermany
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Hoyle RG, Wang H, Cen Y, Zhang Y, Li J. IOX1 Suppresses Wnt Target Gene Transcription and Colorectal Cancer Tumorigenesis through Inhibition of KDM3 Histone Demethylases. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:191-202. [PMID: 33203729 PMCID: PMC7790990 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a critical role in Wnt-induced tumorigenesis, notably in colorectal cancers. KDM3 and KDM4 histone demethylases have been reported to promote oncogenic Wnt signaling through demethylation of H3K9 on Wnt target gene promoters and are suggested to be potential therapeutic targets. However, potent inhibitors for these regulators are still not available. In addition, which family is most responsible for activation of Wnt target genes and Wnt-induced oncogenesis is not well documented, specifically in colorectal cancer. In this study, we characterized the functional redundancy and differences between KDM3 and KDM4 in regard to regulating Wnt signaling. Our data suggest that KDM3 may play a more essential role than KDM4 in regulating oncogenic Wnt signaling in human colorectal cancer. We also identified that IOX1, a known histone demethylase inhibitor, significantly suppresses Wnt target gene transcription and colorectal cancer tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, IOX1 inhibits the enzymatic activity of KDM3 by binding to the Jumonji C domain and thereby preventing the demethylation of H3K9 on Wnt target gene promoters. Taken together, our data not only identified the critical mechanisms by which IOX1 suppressed Wnt/β-catenin signaling and colorectal cancer tumorigenesis through inhibition of KDM3, but also suggested that IOX1 may represent an attractive small molecule lead for future drug design and discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie G Hoyle
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Huiqun Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Yana Cen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jiong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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Wang Y, Chiou YS, Chong QY, Zhang M, Rangappa KS, Ma L, Zhu T, Kumar AP, Huang RYJ, Pandey V, Basappa, Lobie PE. Pharmacological Inhibition of BAD Ser99 Phosphorylation Enhances the Efficacy of Cisplatin in Ovarian Cancer by Inhibition of Cancer Stem Cell-like Behavior. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:1083-1099. [PMID: 33344891 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapy has been the standard treatment for ovarian cancer patients for approximately four decades. However, the prognosis of patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma remains dismal, mainly attributed to both dose-limiting toxicities of cisplatin and the high rate of chemo-resistant disease recurrence. Herein, both patient-derived and experimentally generated cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant ovarian cancer cell line models were used to delineate BADSer99 phosphorylation as an actionable target in ovarian cancer. BADSer99 phosphorylation was negatively associated with cisplatin sensitivity in ovarian cancer, and the inhibition of BADSer99 phosphorylation by point mutation induced apoptosis and reduced cisplatin IC50. In addition, BAD phosphorylation was also shown to be associated with cancer stem cell-like properties. Henceforth, a novel small molecule which inhibits BAD phosphorylation specifically at Ser99 (NPB) was utilized. NPB promoted apoptosis and reduced 3D growth of bulk cancer cells and inhibited cancer stem cell-like properties in both cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant ovarian cancer cells. The combination of cisplatin with NPB exhibited synergistic effects in vitro. NPB in combination with cisplatin also achieved an improved outcome compared to either monotreatment in vivo, including suppression of the cancer stem cell population, an effect not observed with cisplatin treatment. Furthermore, NPB exhibited strong synergistic effects with the AKT inhibitor AZD5363, and significantly reduced its IC50 in cells resistant to cisplatin treatment. These findings identify BADSer99 phosphorylation as an actionable and pharmacologically relevant target to improve outcomes of cisplatin treated ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Wang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Yi-Shiou Chiou
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Qing-Yun Chong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Mengyi Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | | | - Lan Ma
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Shenzhen, 518000, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Ruby Yun-Ju Huang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Basappa
- Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore, 570006, India
| | - Peter E Lobie
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Shenzhen, 518000, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518000, China
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Eslahi M, Dana PM, Asemi Z, Hallajzadeh J, Mansournia MA, Yousefi B. The effects of chitosan-based materials on glioma: Recent advances in its applications for diagnosis and treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 168:124-129. [PMID: 33275978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is known as the most common primary brain tumor occurring in adolescents and is considered as a lethal disease worldwide. Despite the advancements in presently available therapeutic approaches (i.e. radiation therapy and chemotherapy), the rate of amelioration in glioma patients is still low. In this regard, it seems that there is a need for reconsidering and enhancing current therapies and/or discovering novel therapeutic platforms. Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide with several beneficial characteristics, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low toxicity. Without causing toxic effects on healthy cells, chitosan nanoparticles are attractive targets in cancer therapy which lead to the sustained release and enhanced internalization of chemotherapeutic drugs as well as higher cytotoxicity for cancer cells. Hence, these properties turn it into a suitable candidate for the treatment of various cancers, including glioma. In the viewpoint of glioma, cancer inhibition is possible through targeting glioma-associated signaling pathways and molecules such as MMP-9, VEGF, TRAIL and nuclear factor-κB by chitosan and its derivatives. Moreover, it has been acknowledged that chitosan and its derivatives can be applied as a delivery system for carrying a diverse range of therapeutic agents to the tumor site. Besides the anti-glioma effects of chitosan and its derivatives, these molecules can be utilized for culturing glioma cancer cells; providing a better understanding of glioma pathogenesis. Furthermore, it is documented that 3D chitosan scaffolds are potential targets that offer advantageous drug screening platforms. Herein, we summarized the anti-glioma effects of chitosan and also its utilization as drug delivery systems in the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Eslahi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Parisa Maleki Dana
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Jamal Hallajzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Research Center for Evidence-Based Health Management, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran and Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Research Center for Evidence-Based Health Management, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.
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47
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Reddy KB. Stem Cells: Current Status and Therapeutic Implications. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1372. [PMID: 33233552 PMCID: PMC7699792 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a class of pluripotent cells that have been observed in most types of cancers. Evolving evidence suggests that CSCs, has the ability to self-renew and initiate tumors, may be responsible for promoting therapeutic resistance, tumor recurrence and metastasis. Tumor heterogeneity is originating from CSCs and its progenitors are recognized as major difficulty in efficaciously treating cancer patients. Therefore, understanding the biological mechanisms by which CSCs survive chemo- and-radiation therapy has the potential to identify new therapeutic strategies in the future. In this review, we summarized recent advances in CSC biology and their environment, and discuss about the potential therapies to prevent therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaladhar B. Reddy
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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48
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Liu Q, Gu J, Zhang E, He L, Yuan ZX. Targeted Delivery of Therapeutics to Urological Cancer Stem Cells. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2038-2056. [PMID: 32250210 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200403131514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Urological cancer refers to cancer in organs of the urinary system and the male reproductive system. It mainly includes prostate cancer, bladder cancer, renal cancer, etc., seriously threatening patients' survival. Although there are many advances in the treatment of urological cancer, approved targeted therapies often result in tumor recurrence and therapy failure. An increasing amount of evidence indicated that cancer stem cells (CSCs) with tumor-initiating ability were the source of treatment failure in urological cancer. The development of CSCstargeted strategy can provide a possibility for the complete elimination of urological cancer. This review is based on a search of PubMed, Google scholar and NIH database (http://ClinicalTrials.gov/) for English language articles containing the terms: "biomarkers", "cancer stem cells", "targeting/targeted therapy", "prostate cancer", bladder cancer" and "kidney cancer". We summarized the biomarkers and stem cell features of the prostate, bladder and renal CSCs, outlined the targeted strategies for urological CSCs from signaling pathways, cytokines, angiogenesis, surface markers, elimination therapy, differentiation therapy, immunotherapy, microRNA, nanomedicine, etc., and highlighted the prospects and future challenges in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Yaopharma Co., Ltd. Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - E Zhang
- Officers college of PAP, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lili He
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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49
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Mazzei R, Piacentini E, Nardi M, Poerio T, Bazzarelli F, Procopio A, Di Gioia ML, Rizza P, Ceraldi R, Morelli C, Giorno L, Pellegrino M. Production of Plant-Derived Oleuropein Aglycone by a Combined Membrane Process and Evaluation of Its Breast Anticancer Properties. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:908. [PMID: 33117773 PMCID: PMC7551858 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products and herbal therapies represent a thriving field of research, but methods for the production of plant-derived compounds with a significative biological activity by synthetic methods are required. Conventional commercial production by chemical synthesis or solvent extraction is not yet sustainable and economical because toxic solvents are used, the process involves many steps, and there is generally a low amount of the product produced, which is often mixed with other or similar by-products. For this reason, alternative, sustainable, greener, and more efficient processes are required. Membrane processes are recognized worldwide as green technologies since they promote waste minimization, material diversity, efficient separation, energy saving, process intensification, and integration. This article describes the production, characterization, and utilization of bioactive compounds derived from renewable waste material (olive leaves) as drug candidates in breast cancer (BC) treatment. In particular, an integrated membrane process [composed by a membrane bioreactor (MBR) and a membrane emulsification (ME) system] was developed to produce a purified non-commercially available phytotherapic compound: the oleuropein aglycone (OLA). This method achieves a 93% conversion of the substrate (oleuropein) and enables the extraction of the compound of interest with 90% efficiency in sustainable conditions. The bioderived compound exercised pro-apoptotic and antiproliferative activities against MDA-MB-231 and Tamoxifen-resistant MCF-7 (MCF-7/TR) cells, suggesting it as a potential agent for the treatment of breast cancer including hormonal resistance therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda Mazzei
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy
| | - Emma Piacentini
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy
| | - Monica Nardi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Teresa Poerio
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy
| | - Fabio Bazzarelli
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy
| | - Antonio Procopio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Di Gioia
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Pietro Rizza
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Rosangela Ceraldi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Catia Morelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Lidietta Giorno
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council, ITM-CNR, Rende, Italy
| | - Michele Pellegrino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
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50
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Zhong Y, Qi H, Li X, An M, Shi Q, Qi J. Tumor supernatant derived from hepatocellular carcinoma cells treated with vincristine sulfate have therapeutic activity. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 155:105557. [PMID: 32946955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vincristine sulfate (VCR), a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent, kills cancer cells as well as the normal cells for its cytotoxicity. But it is still unclear whether it can exert therapeutic effect on untreated cancer cells by changing the supernatant of cancer cells. Here, we explored the subsequent cascade effects of the supernatant of cancer cells that were transiently treated with VCR on untreated tumor cells and its responsible mechanisms. VCR and three different hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines were used for an experiment. The experiment was conducted in vitro to eliminate the body's internal factors and the effects of the immune system. The results suggested that drug-free tumor supernatant (TSN) could promote the differentiation, repress the transcription of liver cancer stem cell's markers and the proliferation in SMMC-7721, Bel-7402 and Huh7 cells. Furthermore, we found that the TSN could abolish YAP1 transcriptional activity to inhibit the proliferation and increase the transcriptional activity of HNF4α to promote the differentiation in SMMC-7721 and Bel-7402 cells. In conclusion, the TSN could inhibit the proliferation and induce differentiation in different HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Huanli Qi
- Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xuejiao Li
- Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Mengyang An
- Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Qingwen Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
| | - Jinsheng Qi
- Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
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