1
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He Y, Luscombe CK. Quantitative comparison of the copolymerisation kinetics in catalyst-transfer copolymerisation to synthesise polythiophenes. Polym Chem 2024; 15:2598-2605. [PMID: 38933685 PMCID: PMC11197037 DOI: 10.1039/d4py00009a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Polythiophenes are one of the most widely studied conjugated polymers. With the discovery of the chain mechanism of Kumada catalyst-transfer polymerisation (KCTP), various polythiophene copolymer structures, such as random, block, and gradient copolymers, have been synthesized via batch or semi-batch (sequential addition) methods. However, the lack of quantitative kinetic data for thiophene monomers brings challenges to experimental design and structure prediction when synthesizing the copolymers. In this study, the reactivity ratios and the polymerisation rate constants of 3-hexylthiophene with 4 thiophene comonomers in KCTP are measured by adapting the Mayo-Lewis equation and the first-order kinetic behaviour of chain polymerisation. The obtained kinetic information highlights the impact of the monomer structure on the reactivity in the copolymerisations. The kinetic data are used to predict the copolymer structure of equimolar batch copolymerisations of the 4 thiophene derivatives with 3-hexylthiophene, with the experimental data agreeing well with the predictions. 3-Dodecylthiophene and 3-(6-bromo)hexylthiophene, which have higher structural similarity to 3-hexylthiophene, show nearly equivalent reactivity to 3-hexylthiophene and give random copolymers in the batch copolymerisation. 3-(2-Ethylhexyl)thiophene with a branched side chain is less reactive compared to 3-hexylthiophene and failed to homopolymerize at room temperature, but produced gradient copolymers with 3-hexylthiophene. Finally, the bulkiest 3-(4-octylphenyl)thiophene, despite its ability to homopolymerize, failed to maintain chain polymerisation in the copolymerisation with 3-hexylthiophene, possibly due to the large steric hindrance caused by the phenyl ring directly attached to the thiophene center. This study highlights the importance of monomer structures in copolymerisations and the need for accurate kinetic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington Seattle USA
| | - Christine K Luscombe
- Pi-Conjugated Polymers Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Okinawa Japan
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2
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Biswas S, Jang H, Lee Y, Choi H, Kim Y, Kim H, Zhu Y. Recent advancements in implantable neural links based on organic synaptic transistors. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2024; 4:20220150. [PMID: 38855618 PMCID: PMC11022612 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20220150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The progress of brain synaptic devices has witnessed an era of rapid and explosive growth. Because of their integrated storage, excellent plasticity and parallel computing, and system information processing abilities, various field effect transistors have been used to replicate the synapses of a human brain. Organic semiconductors are characterized by simplicity of processing, mechanical flexibility, low cost, biocompatibility, and flexibility, making them the most promising materials for implanted brain synaptic bioelectronics. Despite being used in numerous intelligent integrated circuits and implantable neural linkages with multiple terminals, organic synaptic transistors still face many obstacles that must be overcome to advance their development. A comprehensive review would be an excellent tool in this respect. Therefore, the latest advancements in implantable neural links based on organic synaptic transistors are outlined. First, the distinction between conventional and synaptic transistors are highlighted. Next, the existing implanted organic synaptic transistors and their applicability to the brain as a neural link are summarized. Finally, the potential research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarup Biswas
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Smart Sensor System of Seoul (CS4)University of SeoulSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyo‐won Jang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Smart Sensor System of Seoul (CS4)University of SeoulSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yongju Lee
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Smart Sensor System of Seoul (CS4)University of SeoulSeoulRepublic of Korea
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical InnovationLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Hyojeong Choi
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Smart Sensor System of Seoul (CS4)University of SeoulSeoulRepublic of Korea
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical InnovationLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yoon Kim
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Smart Sensor System of Seoul (CS4)University of SeoulSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyeok Kim
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Smart Sensor System of Seoul (CS4)University of SeoulSeoulRepublic of Korea
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical InnovationLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Central Business, SENSOMEDICheongju‐siRepublic of Korea
- Institute of Sensor System, SENSOMEDICheongjuRepublic of Korea
- Energy FlexSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yangzhi Zhu
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical InnovationLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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3
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Shin H, Yoon T, Park W, You J, Na S. Unraveling the Mechanical Property Decrease of Electrospun Spider Silk: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:1968-1975. [PMID: 38414218 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of electric fields on Nephila clavipes spider silk using molecular dynamics modeling. Electric fields with varying amplitudes and directions were observed to disrupt the β sheet structure of spider silk and reduce its mechanical properties. However, a notable exception was observed when a 0.1 V/nm electric field was applied in the antiparallel direction, resulting in improvements in Young's modulus and ultimate tensile strength. The antiparallel direction was observed to be particularly sensitive to electric fields, causing disruptions in beta sheets and hydrogen bonds, which significantly influence the mechanical properties. This study demonstrates that spider silk maintains its structural integrity at 0.1 V/nm. Possibly, lowering the power levels of typical electrospinning machines can prevent secondary structural disruption. These findings provide valuable insights for enhancing silk fiber production and applications using natural silk proteins while shedding light on the impact of electric fields on other silk proteins. Finally, this study opens up possibilities for optimizing electrospinning processes to enhance performance in various silk electrospinning applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchul Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyoung Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooboum Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Juneseok You
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 31977, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsoo Na
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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4
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Paleti SHK, Kim Y, Kimpel J, Craighero M, Haraguchi S, Müller C. Impact of doping on the mechanical properties of conjugated polymers. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1702-1729. [PMID: 38265833 PMCID: PMC10876084 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00833a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers exhibit a unique portfolio of electrical and electrochemical behavior, which - paired with the mechanical properties that are typical for macromolecules - make them intriguing candidates for a wide range of application areas from wearable electronics to bioelectronics. However, the degree of oxidation or reduction of the polymer can strongly impact the mechanical response and thus must be considered when designing flexible or stretchable devices. This tutorial review first explores how the chain architecture, processing as well as the resulting nano- and microstructure impact the rheological and mechanical properties. In addition, different methods for the mechanical characterization of thin films and bulk materials such as fibers are summarized. Then, the review discusses how chemical and electrochemical doping alter the mechanical properties in terms of stiffness and ductility. Finally, the mechanical response of (doped) conjugated polymers is discussed in the context of (1) organic photovoltaics, representing thin-film devices with a relatively low charge-carrier density, (2) organic thermoelectrics, where chemical doping is used to realize thin films or bulk materials with a high doping level, and (3) organic electrochemical transistors, where electrochemical doping allows high charge-carrier densities to be reached, albeit accompanied by significant swelling. In the future, chemical and electrochemical doping may not only allow modulation and optimization of the electrical and electrochemical behavior of conjugated polymers, but also facilitate the design of materials with a tunable mechanical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Harish Kumar Paleti
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Youngseok Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Joost Kimpel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Mariavittoria Craighero
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Shuichi Haraguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Christian Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden.
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5
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Wolski K, Smenda J, Świerz W, Dąbczyński P, Marzec M, Zapotoczny S. Self-Templating Copolymerization to Produce Robust Conductive Nanocoatings Based on Conjugated Polymer Brushes with Implementable Memristive Characteristics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2309216. [PMID: 38334248 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
An effective synthesis of conductive polymer brushes, i.e., self-templating surface-initiated copolymerization (ST-SICP), is developed. It proceeds through copolymerization of pendant thiophene groups in the precursor multimonomer poly(3-methylthienyl methacrylate) (PMTM) brushes with free 3-methylthiophene (3MT) monomers leading to PMTM-co-P3MT brushes. This approach leads to improved conformational freedom of generated conjugated poly(thiophene)-based chains and their higher share in the brushes with respect to conjugation of pendant thiophene groups only. As a result, best performing conjugated PMTM-co-P3MT brushes demonstrate high ohmic conductivity in both out-of-plane and in-plane direction. Furthermore, thanks to the covalent anchoring as well as intra- and intermolecular connections, highly stable and mechanically robust nanocoatings are produced which can survive mechanical cleaning and long-term storage under ambient conditions. Grafting of ionic poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSSNa) in between PMTM-co-P3MT chains brings new properties to such binary mixed brushes that can operate as thin-film memristive coating with switchable conductance. It is worth mentioning that the crucial synthetic steps, i.e., grafting of precursor PMTM brushes by surface-initiated organocatalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-O-ATRP) and PSSNa chains by surface-initiated photoiniferter-mediated polymerization (SI-PIMP) are conducted under ambient conditions using only microliter volumes of reagents providing methodology that can be considered for use beyond the laboratory scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Wolski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow, 30-387, Poland
| | - Joanna Smenda
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow, 30-387, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, Krakow, 30-348, Poland
| | - Wojciech Świerz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow, 30-387, Poland
| | - Paweł Dąbczyński
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, Krakow, 30-348, Poland
| | - Mateusz Marzec
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza 30, Krakow, 30-059, Poland
| | - Szczepan Zapotoczny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow, 30-387, Poland
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6
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Zhang L, Li H, Zhao K, Zhang T, Liu D, Wang S, Wu F, Zhang Q, Han Y. Achieving the high charge mobility of conjugated polymers under cyclic stretching by changing the interaction parameter between solvent and sidechain. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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7
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Fan Z, Zhao H, Wang K, Ran W, Sun JF, Liu J, Liu R. Enhancing Electrocatalytic Hydrodechlorination through Interfacial Microenvironment Modulation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:1499-1509. [PMID: 36617724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical reduction (ER) is a promising approach to safely remove pollutants. However, sluggish reaction kinetics and significant side reactions considerably limit the applicability of this green process. Herein, we uncovered the previously ignored role of interfacial hydrophilicity in determining the ER performance through electron microscopy observations, contact angle (CA) analysis, and electrochemical measurements. A Pd/C electrocatalyst forms dense nanopores on the electrode surface, rendering it highly hydrophobic and achieving a CA of up to 145°. This imposes a large mass-transfer barrier for the diffusion of water and pollutants into Pd sites. Moreover, the release of H2 is suppressed, which changes the solid-liquid (Pd-polluted water) interface into a solid-gas (H2)-liquid interface. This further slows down mass transfer and the decontamination process. This dilemma can be easily alleviated by adding hydrophilic polymers like polyethylene glycol to increase hydrophilicity and improve mass transfer. By this way, the activity and Faraday efficiency of Pd/C in the electrochemical hydrodehalogenation of 2,4-dichlorophenol could be increased by 4-5 times. Moreover, this interfacial microenvironment modulation strategy is parallel to other approaches, such as Pd structural engineering, and therefore these strategies can be combined to further increase the electrochemical decontamination performance of electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Fan
- College of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou310000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Huachao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Kaifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Wei Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100085, China
| | - Jie-Fang Sun
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing100013, China
| | - Jingfu Liu
- College of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou310000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Rui Liu
- College of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou310000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100085, China
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8
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The Impact of the Azo-Chromophore Sort on the Features of the Supramolecular Azopolyimide Films Desired to Be Used as Substrates for Flexible Electronics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315223. [PMID: 36499549 PMCID: PMC9738230 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High-performance supramolecular polyimide systems were synthesized via a simple and innovative approach using two types of azo-chromophores, leading to concomitant special properties: high thermostability, the ability to be processed in the form of films with high flexibility, adequate morphological features, and good structuring capacity via phase mask ultraviolet (UV) laser irradiation, induced by the presence of the azo groups (-N=N-). The dimension and the anisotropy degree of the micro/nano patterns obtained on the surface of the flexible films (determined by atomic force microscopy) depend on the azo-dye type used in the supramolecular azopolyimide synthesis, which were higher when the azo-chromophore containing a -cyano group (-C≡N) was used. The molecular dynamics method, an excellent tool for an in-depth examination of the intermolecular interactions, was used to explain the morphological aspects. Energetic, dynamic and structural parameters were calculated for the two systems containing azo-chromophores, as well as for the pristine polymer system. It was highlighted that the van der Waals forces make a major contribution to the intermolecular interactions. The results from the combination of the dynamic analysis and the concentration profile explain the better mobility of the polyimide chains with a maximum content of azo groups in the cis configuration compared to the other systems. Taking all these data into account, the surfaces of the films can be tuned as required for the proposed applications, namely as substrates for flexible electronis.
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9
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Park JS, Kim GU, Lee S, Lee JW, Li S, Lee JY, Kim BJ. Material Design and Device Fabrication Strategies for Stretchable Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201623. [PMID: 35765775 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs) have greatly enhanced their commercial viability. Considering the technical standards (e.g., mechanical robustness) required for wearable electronics, which are promising application platforms for OSCs, the development of fully stretchable OSCs (f-SOSCs) should be accelerated. Here, a comprehensive overview of f-SOSCs, which are aimed to reliably operate under various forms of mechanical stress, including bending and multidirectional stretching, is provided. First, the mechanical requirements of f-SOSCs, in terms of tensile and cohesion/adhesion properties, are summarized along with the experimental methods to evaluate those properties. Second, essential studies to make each layer of f-SOSCs stretchable and efficient are discussed, emphasizing strategies to simultaneously enhance the photovoltaic and mechanical properties of the active layer, ranging from material design to fabrication control. Key improvements to the other components/layers (i.e., substrate, electrodes, and interlayers) are also covered. Lastly, considering that f-SOSC research is in its infancy, the current challenges and future prospects are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Su Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon-U Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjin Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yong Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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10
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Kukhta NA, Luscombe CK. Gaining control over conjugated polymer morphology to improve the performance of organic electronics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6982-6997. [PMID: 35604084 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01430k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers (CPs) are widely used in various domains of organic electronics. However, the performance of organic electronic devices can be variable due to the lack of precise predictive control over the polymer microstructure. While the chemical structure of CPs is important, CP microstructure also plays an important role in determining the charge-transport, optical and mechanical properties suitable for a target device. Understanding the interplay between CP microstructure and the resulting properties, as well as predicting and targeting specific polymer morphologies, would allow current comprehension of organic electronic device performance to be improved and potentially enable more facile device optimization and fabrication. In this Feature Article, we highlight the importance of investigating CP microstructure, discuss previous developments in the field, and provide an overview of the key aspects of the CP microstructure-property relationship, carried out in our group over recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadzeya A Kukhta
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120, USA
| | - Christine K Luscombe
- pi-Conjugated Polymers Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan.
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11
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Lin JC, Liatsis P, Alexandridis P. Flexible and Stretchable Electrically Conductive Polymer Materials for Physical Sensing Applications. POLYM REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2022.2059673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Chi Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Panos Liatsis
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Paschalis Alexandridis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, USA
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12
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Cachaneski-Lopes JP, Batagin-Neto A. Effects of Mechanical Deformation on the Opto-Electronic Responses, Reactivity, and Performance of Conjugated Polymers: A DFT Study. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071354. [PMID: 35406228 PMCID: PMC9002523 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of polymers for optoelectronic applications is an important research area; however, a deeper understanding of the effects induced by mechanical deformations on their intrinsic properties is needed to expand their applicability and improve their durability. Despite the number of recent studies on the mechanochemistry of organic materials, the basic knowledge and applicability of such concepts in these materials are far from those for their inorganic counterparts. To bring light to this, here we employ molecular modeling techniques to evaluate the effects of mechanical deformations on the structural, optoelectronic, and reactivity properties of traditional semiconducting polymers, such as polyaniline (PANI), polythiophene (PT), poly (p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV), and polypyrrole (PPy). For this purpose, density functional theory (DFT)-based calculations were conducted for the distinct systems at varied stretching levels in order to identify the influence of structural deformations on the electronic structure of the systems. In general, it is noticed that the elongation process leads to an increase in electronic gaps, hypsochromic effects in the optical absorption spectrum, and small changes in local reactivities. Such changes can influence the performance of polymer-based devices, allowing us to establish significant structure deformation response relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Augusto Batagin-Neto
- POSMAT, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil;
- Institute of Science and Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Itapeva 18409-010, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(15)-3524-9100 (ext. 9159)
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13
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Zokaei S, Kim D, Järsvall E, Fenton AM, Weisen AR, Hultmark S, Nguyen PH, Matheson AM, Lund A, Kroon R, Chabinyc ML, Gomez ED, Zozoulenko I, Müller C. Tuning of the elastic modulus of a soft polythiophene through molecular doping. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:433-443. [PMID: 34787612 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01079d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Molecular doping of a polythiophene with oligoethylene glycol side chains is found to strongly modulate not only the electrical but also the mechanical properties of the polymer. An oxidation level of up to 18% results in an electrical conductivity of more than 52 S cm-1 and at the same time significantly enhances the elastic modulus from 8 to more than 200 MPa and toughness from 0.5 to 5.1 MJ m-3. These changes arise because molecular doping strongly influences the glass transition temperature Tg and the degree of π-stacking of the polymer, as indicated by both X-ray diffraction and molecular dynamics simulations. Surprisingly, a comparison of doped materials containing mono- or dianions reveals that - for a comparable oxidation level - the presence of multivalent counterions has little effect on the stiffness. Evidently, molecular doping is a powerful tool that can be used for the design of mechanically robust conducting materials, which may find use within the field of flexible and stretchable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Zokaei
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg 41296, Sweden.
| | - Donghyun Kim
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linköping University, Norrköping 60174, Sweden
| | - Emmy Järsvall
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg 41296, Sweden.
| | - Abigail M Fenton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Albree R Weisen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Sandra Hultmark
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg 41296, Sweden.
| | - Phong H Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Amanda M Matheson
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Anja Lund
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg 41296, Sweden.
| | - Renee Kroon
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg 41296, Sweden.
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linköping University, Norrköping 60174, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Linköping University, Norrköping 60174, Sweden
| | - Michael L Chabinyc
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Enrique D Gomez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Igor Zozoulenko
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linköping University, Norrköping 60174, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Linköping University, Norrköping 60174, Sweden
| | - Christian Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg 41296, Sweden.
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg 41296, Sweden
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14
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Engel KE, Kilmartin PA, Diegel O. Recent advances in the 3D printing of ionic electroactive polymers and core ionomeric materials. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01297e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The recent advances in the 3D printing, or additive manufacturing, of ionic electroactive polymers (EAP) and their future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Edward Engel
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Dodd-Walls Centre for Quantum and Photonic Technologies, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Paul A. Kilmartin
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Olaf Diegel
- School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Creative Design and Additive Manufacturing Lab, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- MedTech CoRE, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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15
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Wafer-scale integration of stretchable semiconducting polymer microstructures via capillary gradient. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7038. [PMID: 34857751 PMCID: PMC8640044 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27370-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic semiconducting polymers have opened a new paradigm for soft electronics due to their intrinsic flexibility and solution processibility. However, the contradiction between the mechanical stretchability and electronic performances restricts the implementation of high-mobility polymers with rigid molecular backbone in deformable devices. Here, we report the realization of high mobility and stretchability on curvilinear polymer microstructures fabricated by capillary-gradient assembly method. Curvilinear polymer microstructure arrays are fabricated with highly ordered molecular packing, controllable pattern, and wafer-scale homogeneity, leading to hole mobilities of 4.3 and 2.6 cm2 V-1 s-1 under zero and 100% strain, respectively. Fully stretchable field-effect transistors and logic circuits can be integrated in solution process. Long-range homogeneity is demonstrated with the narrow distribution of height, width, mobility, on-off ratio and threshold voltage across a four-inch wafer. This solution-assembly method provides a platform for wafer-scale and reproducible integration of high-performance soft electronic devices and circuits based on organic semiconductors.
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16
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Zhao K, Zhang T, Zhang L, Li J, Li H, Wu F, Chen Y, Zhang Q, Han Y. Role of Molecular Weight in Microstructural Transition and Its Correlation to the Mechanical and Electrical Properties of P(NDI2OD-T2) Thin Films. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kefeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Junhang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Hongxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Fan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yanchun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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17
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Zhang S, Galuska LA, Gu X. Water‐assisted
mechanical testing of polymeric
thin‐films. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg Mississippi USA
| | - Luke A. Galuska
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg Mississippi USA
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg Mississippi USA
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18
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Huang Y, Elder DL, Kwiram AL, Jenekhe SA, Jen AKY, Dalton LR, Luscombe CK. Organic Semiconductors at the University of Washington: Advancements in Materials Design and Synthesis and toward Industrial Scale Production. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e1904239. [PMID: 31576634 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Research at the University of Washington regarding organic semiconductors is reviewed, covering four major topics: electro-optics, organic light emitting diodes, organic field-effect transistors, and organic solar cells. Underlying principles of materials design are demonstrated along with efforts toward unlocking the full potential of organic semiconductors. Finally, opinions on future research directions are presented, with a focus on commercial competency, environmental sustainability, and scalability of organic-semiconductor-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunping Huang
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Delwin L Elder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Alvin L Kwiram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Samson A Jenekhe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Alex K Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Larry R Dalton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Christine K Luscombe
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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19
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Zhu Q, Xue J, Zhang L, Wen J, Lin B, Naveed HB, Bi Z, Xin J, Zhao H, Zhao C, Zhou K, Frank Liu S, Ma W. Intermolecular Interaction Control Enables Co-optimization of Efficiency, Deformability, Mechanical and Thermal Stability of Stretchable Organic Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007011. [PMID: 33719196 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Promoting efficiency, deformability, and life expectancy of stretchable organic solar cells (OSCs) have always been key concerns that researchers are committed to solving. However, how to improve them simultaneously remains challenging, as morphology parameters, such as ordered molecular arrangement, beneficial for highly efficient devices actually limits mechanical stability and deformability. In this study, the unfavorable trade-off among these properties has been reconciled in an all-polymer model system utilizing a mechanically deformable guest component. The success of this strategy stems from introducing a highly ductile component without compromising the pristine optimized morphology. Preferable interaction between two donors can maintain the fiber-like structure while enhancing the photocurrent to improve efficiency. Morphology evolution detected via grazing incidence X-ray scattering and in situ UV-vis absorption spectra during stretching have verified the critical role of strengthened interaction on stabilizing morphology against external forces. The strengthened interaction also benefits thermal stability, enabling the ternary films with small efficiency degradation after heating 1500 h under 80 °C. This work highlights the effect of morphology evolution on mechanical stability and provides new insights from the view of intermolecular interaction to fabricate highly efficient, stable, and stretchable/wearable OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jingwei Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Jialun Wen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Baojun Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Hafiz Bilal Naveed
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhaozhao Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jingming Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Shengzhong Frank Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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20
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Ding Z, Liu D, Zhao K, Han Y. Optimizing Morphology to Trade Off Charge Transport and Mechanical Properties of Stretchable Conjugated Polymer Films. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zicheng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongle Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanchun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
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21
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22
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Sommerville PJW, Li Y, Dong BX, Zhang Y, Onorato JW, Tatum WK, Balzer AH, Stingelin N, Patel SN, Nealey PF, Luscombe CK. Elucidating the Influence of Side-Chain Circular Distribution on the Crack Onset Strain and Hole Mobility of Near-Amorphous Indacenodithiophene Copolymers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yilin Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Ban Xuan Dong
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Yongcao Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jonathan W. Onorato
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Wesley K. Tatum
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Alex H. Balzer
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 303332, United States
| | - Natalie Stingelin
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 303332, United States
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 303332, United States
| | - Shrayesh N. Patel
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Paul F. Nealey
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Chemical Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Christine K. Luscombe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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23
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Tatum WK, Torrejon D, O'Neil P, Onorato JW, Resing AB, Holliday S, Flagg LQ, Ginger DS, Luscombe CK. Generalizable Framework for Algorithmic Interpretation of Thin Film Morphologies in Scanning Probe Images. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:3387-3397. [PMID: 32526145 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe an open-source and widely adaptable Python library that recognizes morphological features and domains in images collected via scanning probe microscopy. π-Conjugated polymers (CPs) are ideal for evaluating the Materials Morphology Python (m2py) library because of their wide range of morphologies and feature sizes. Using thin films of nanostructured CPs, we demonstrate the functionality of a general m2py workflow. We apply numerical methods to enhance the signals collected by the scanning probe, followed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to reduce the dimensionality of the data. Then, a Gaussian Mixture Model segments every pixel in the image into phases, which have similar material-property signals. Finally, the phase-labeled pixels are grouped and labeled as morphological domains using either connected components labeling or persistence watershed segmentation. These tools are adaptable to any scanning probe measurement, so the labels that m2py generates will allow researchers to individually address and analyze the identified domains in the image. This level of control, allows one to describe the morphology of the system using quantitative and statistical descriptors such as the size, distribution, and shape of the domains. Such descriptors will enable researchers to quantitatively track and compare differences within and between samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley K Tatum
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Diego Torrejon
- BlackSky, 13241 Woodland Park Road, Suite 300, Herndon, Virginia 20171, United States.,Department of Mathematical Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030 United States
| | - Patrick O'Neil
- BlackSky, 13241 Woodland Park Road, Suite 300, Herndon, Virginia 20171, United States.,Department of Mathematical Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030 United States
| | - Jonathan W Onorato
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Anton B Resing
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Sarah Holliday
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Lucas Q Flagg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - David S Ginger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Christine K Luscombe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.,Department of Molecular Engineering and Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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24
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Pei D, Wang Z, Peng Z, Zhang J, Deng Y, Han Y, Ye L, Geng Y. Impact of Molecular Weight on the Mechanical and Electrical Properties of a High-Mobility Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Conjugated Polymer. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Pei
- School of Materials Science & Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Zhongli Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Zhongxiang Peng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jidong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yang Han
- School of Materials Science & Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science & Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. China
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25
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McBride M, Liu A, Reichmanis E, Grover MA. Toward data-enabled process optimization of deformable electronic polymer-based devices. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Pakhnyuk V, Onorato JW, Steiner EJ, Cohen TA, Luscombe CK. Enhanced miscibility and strain resistance of blended elastomer/π‐conjugated polymer composites through side chain functionalization towards stretchable electronics. POLYM INT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan W Onorato
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - Emily J Steiner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - Theodore A Cohen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA USA
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - Christine K Luscombe
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington Seattle WA USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA USA
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute University of Washington Seattle WA USA
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27
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Park H, Ma BS, Kim JS, Kim Y, Kim HJ, Kim D, Yun H, Han J, Kim FS, Kim TS, Kim BJ. Regioregular-block-Regiorandom Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Copolymers for Mechanically Robust and High-Performance Thin-Film Transistors. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hyeong Jun Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01002, United States
| | | | | | | | - Felix Sunjoo Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University (CAU), Seoul 06974, Korea
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28
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Shinohara A, Pan C, Guo Z, Zhou L, Liu Z, Du L, Yan Z, Stadler FJ, Wang L, Nakanishi T. Viskoelastische konjugierte polymere Fluide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Shinohara
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen University Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan Shenzhen 518055 China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen University Nanhai Avenue 3688, Nanshan Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Chengjun Pan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen University Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Zhenfeng Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen University Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Liyang Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen University Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen University Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Lei Du
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen University Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Zhichao Yan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen University Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Florian J. Stadler
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen University Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen University Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan Shenzhen 518055 China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen University Nanhai Avenue 3688, Nanshan Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Takashi Nakanishi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen University Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan Shenzhen 518055 China
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA)National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) Namiki 1-1 Tsukuba 305-0044 Japan
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29
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Köse ME. Theoretical Estimation of Donor Strength of Common Conjugated Units for Organic Electronics. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:5566-5573. [PMID: 31180664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b03604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Donor strength of commonly used conjugated building blocks in organic electronics were investigated with density functional theory. The donor molecules were coupled to thiophene-incorporated acceptor groups, and electronic structure calculations were performed for the energies of frontier orbitals, total charge on donors, and particle probability distribution. A novel approach is also developed to analyze the large set of data on frontier orbitals. The electron donating ability of a donor was determined by comparing the highest occupied molecular orbital energies of the calculated structures. The effect of selected acceptor group and chosen functional method were also investigated to accurately determine the donor strength of each conjugated building block. Ethylenedioxythiophene, propylenedioxythiophene, and triphenylamine derivatives were found to be best donors among the conjugated units investigated. Such a comparative analysis of donor strengths is believed to be useful for researchers in designing novel organic semiconductors for organic electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet E Köse
- Department of Chemistry , Kocaeli University , Kocaeli 41380 , Turkey
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30
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Shinohara A, Pan C, Guo Z, Zhou L, Liu Z, Du L, Yan Z, Stadler FJ, Wang L, Nakanishi T. Viscoelastic Conjugated Polymer Fluids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9581-9585. [PMID: 31034736 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of optoelectronic functions into viscoelastic polymers can yield highly sophisticated soft materials for biomedical devices and autonomous robotics. However, viscoelasticity and excellent optoelectronic properties are difficult to achieve because the presence of a large number of π-conjugated moieties drastically stiffens a polymer. Here, we report a variation of additive-free viscoelastic conjugated polymers (VE-CPs) at room temperature by using an intact π-conjugated backbone and bulky, yet flexible, alkyl side chains as "internal plasticizers." Some of these polymers exhibit gel- and elastomer-like rheological behaviors without cross-linking or entanglement. Furthermore, binary blends of these VE-CPs exhibit a never-seen-before dynamic miscibility with self-restorable and mechanically induced fluorescence color changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Shinohara
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Avenue 3688, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Chengjun Pan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhenfeng Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Liyang Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lei Du
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhichao Yan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Florian J Stadler
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Avenue 3688, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Takashi Nakanishi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
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31
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Korolkov VV, Summerfield A, Murphy A, Amabilino DB, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Beton PH. Ultra-high resolution imaging of thin films and single strands of polythiophene using atomic force microscopy. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1537. [PMID: 30948725 PMCID: PMC6449331 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09571-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Real-space images of polymers with sub-molecular resolution could provide valuable insights into the relationship between morphology and functionality of polymer optoelectronic devices, but their acquisition is problematic due to perceived limitations in atomic force microscopy (AFM). We show that individual thiophene units and the lattice of semicrystalline spin-coated films of polythiophenes (PTs) may be resolved using AFM under ambient conditions through the low-amplitude (≤ 1 nm) excitation of higher eigenmodes of a cantilever. PT strands are adsorbed on hexagonal boron nitride near-parallel to the surface in islands with lateral dimensions ~10 nm. On the surface of a spin-coated PT thin film, in which the thiophene groups are perpendicular to the interface, we resolve terminal CH3-groups in a square arrangement with a lattice constant 0.55 nm from which we can identify abrupt boundaries and also regions with more slowly varying disorder, which allow comparison with proposed models of PT domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Korolkov
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Alex Summerfield
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Alanna Murphy
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - David B Amabilino
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Peter H Beton
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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32
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Selivanova M, Chuang CH, Billet B, Malik A, Xiang P, Landry E, Chiu YC, Rondeau-Gagné S. Morphology and Electronic Properties of Semiconducting Polymer and Branched Polyethylene Blends. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:12723-12732. [PMID: 30854843 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b22746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A new strategy for influencing the solid-state morphology of conjugated polymers was developed through physical blending with a low-molecular-weight branched polyethylene. This nontoxic and low-boiling-point additive was blended with a high-charge-mobility diketopyrrolopyrrole-based conjugated polymer, and a detailed investigation of the new blended materials was performed by various characterization tools, including X-ray diffraction, UV-vis spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Interestingly, the branched additive was shown to reduce the crystallinity of the conjugated polymer while promoting aggregation and phase separation in the solid state. Upon thermal removal of the olefinic additive, the thin films maintained a lower crystallinity and aggregated morphology in comparison to a nonblended polymer. The semiconducting performance of the new branched polyethylene/conjugated polymer blends was also investigated in organic field-effect transistors, which showed a stable charge mobility of around 0.3 cm2 V-1 s-1 without thermal annealing, independent of the blending ratio. Furthermore, using the new polyethylene-based additive, the concentration of a conjugated polymer required for the fabrication of organic field-effect transistor devices was reduced down to 0.05 wt %, without affecting charge transport, which represents a significant improvement compared to usual concentrations used for solution deposition. Our results demonstrate that the physical blending of a conjugated polymer with nontoxic, low-molecular-weight branched polyethylene is a promising strategy for the modification and fine-tuning of the solid-state morphology of conjugated polymers without sacrificing their charge-transport properties, thus creating new opportunities for the large-scale processing of organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Selivanova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor, Essex Centre of Research (CORe) , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada
| | - Ching-Heng Chuang
- Department of Chemical Engineering , National Taiwan University of Science and Technology , Taipei 106 , Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Blandine Billet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor, Essex Centre of Research (CORe) , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada
| | - Aleena Malik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor, Essex Centre of Research (CORe) , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada
| | - Peng Xiang
- PolyAnalytik Inc , 700 Collip Circle, Suite 202 , London , Ontario N6G 4X8 , Canada
| | - Eric Landry
- PolyAnalytik Inc , 700 Collip Circle, Suite 202 , London , Ontario N6G 4X8 , Canada
| | - Yu-Cheng Chiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering , National Taiwan University of Science and Technology , Taipei 106 , Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Simon Rondeau-Gagné
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor, Essex Centre of Research (CORe) , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada
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33
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Wang Y, Sun L, Wang C, Yang F, Ren X, Zhang X, Dong H, Hu W. Organic crystalline materials in flexible electronics. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:1492-1530. [PMID: 30283937 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00406d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Flexible electronics have attracted considerable attention recently given their potential to revolutionize human lives. High-performance organic crystalline materials (OCMs) are considered strong candidates for next-generation flexible electronics such as displays, image sensors, and artificial skin. They not only have great advantages in terms of flexibility, molecular diversity, low-cost, solution processability, and inherent compatibility with flexible substrates, but also show less grain boundaries with minimal defects, ensuring excellent and uniform electronic characteristics. Meanwhile, OCMs also serve as a powerful tool to probe the intrinsic electronic and mechanical properties of organics and reveal the flexible device physics for further guidance for flexible materials and device design. While the past decades have witnessed huge advances in OCM-based flexible electronics, this review is intended to provide a timely overview of this fascinating field. First, the crystal packing, charge transport, and assembly protocols of OCMs are introduced. State-of-the-art construction strategies for aligned/patterned OCM on/into flexible substrates are then discussed in detail. Following this, advanced OCM-based flexible devices and their potential applications are highlighted. Finally, future directions and opportunities for this field are proposed, in the hope of providing guidance for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China.
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34
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Azimi Dijvejin Z, Ghaffarkhah A, Sadeghnejad S, Vafaie Sefti M. Effect of silica nanoparticle size on the mechanical strength and wellbore plugging performance of SPAM/chromium (III) acetate nanocomposite gels. Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-019-0178-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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St. Onge PBJ, Ocheje MU, Selivanova M, Rondeau‐Gagné S. Recent Advances in Mechanically Robust and Stretchable Bulk Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells. CHEM REC 2018; 19:1008-1027. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Blake J. St. Onge
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Windsor 401 Sunset Ave. Windsor Ontario Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Michael U. Ocheje
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Windsor 401 Sunset Ave. Windsor Ontario Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Mariia Selivanova
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Windsor 401 Sunset Ave. Windsor Ontario Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Simon Rondeau‐Gagné
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Windsor 401 Sunset Ave. Windsor Ontario Canada N9B 3P4
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36
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Li Y, Tatum WK, Onorato JW, Zhang Y, Luscombe CK. Low Elastic Modulus and High Charge Mobility of Low-Crystallinity Indacenodithiophene-Based Semiconducting Polymers for Potential Applications in Stretchable Electronics. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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37
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π-Conjugated polymer nanowires: advances and perspectives toward effective commercial implementation. Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-018-0062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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38
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Zhang S, Ocheje MU, Luo S, Ehlenberg D, Appleby B, Weller D, Zhou D, Rondeau‐Gagné S, Gu X. Probing the Viscoelastic Property of Pseudo Free‐Standing Conjugated Polymeric Thin Films. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800092. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
| | - Michael U. Ocheje
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Winsor Ontario N9B3P4 Canada
| | - Shaochuan Luo
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Dakota Ehlenberg
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
| | - Benjamin Appleby
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97331 USA
| | - Daniel Weller
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
| | - Dongshan Zhou
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Simon Rondeau‐Gagné
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Winsor Ontario N9B3P4 Canada
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
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39
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Ocheje MU, Charron BP, Cheng YH, Chuang CH, Soldera A, Chiu YC, Rondeau-Gagné S. Amide-Containing Alkyl Chains in Conjugated Polymers: Effect on Self-Assembly and Electronic Properties. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael U. Ocheje
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Brynn P. Charron
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Yu-Hsuan Cheng
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Heng Chuang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Armand Soldera
- Département
de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - Yu-Cheng Chiu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Simon Rondeau-Gagné
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4
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40
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Policicchio A, Meduri A, Simari C, Lazzaroli V, Stelitano S, Agostino R, Nicotera I. Assessment of commercial poly(ε-caprolactone) as a renewable candidate for carbon capture and utilization. J CO2 UTIL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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41
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Vasilak L, Tanu Halim SM, Das Gupta H, Yang J, Kamperman M, Turak A. Statistical Paradigm for Organic Optoelectronic Devices: Normal Force Testing for Adhesion of Organic Photovoltaics and Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:13347-13356. [PMID: 28322055 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we assess the utility of a normal force (pull-test) approach to measuring adhesion in organic solar cells and organic light-emitting diodes. This approach is a simple and practical method of monitoring the impact of systematic changes in materials, processing conditions, or environmental exposure on interfacial strength and electrode delamination. The ease of measurement enables a statistical description with numerous samples, variant geometry, and minimal preparation. After examining over 70 samples, using the Weibull modulus and the characteristic breaking strength as metrics, we were able to successfully differentiate the adhesion values between 8-tris(hydroxyquinoline aluminum) (Alq3) and poly(3-hexyl-thiophene) and [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) interfaces with Al and between two annealing times for the bulk heterojunction polymer blends. Additionally, the Weibull modulus, a relative measure of the range of flaw sizes at the fracture plane, can be correlated with the roughness of the organic surface. Finite element modeling of the delamination process suggests that the out-of-plane elastic modulus for Alq3 is lower than the reported in-plane elastic values. We suggest a statistical treatment of a large volume of tests be part of the standard protocol for investigating adhesion to accommodate the unavoidable variability in morphology and interfacial structure found in most organic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Juan Yang
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University , Wageningen 6708 PB, Netherlands
| | - Marleen Kamperman
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University , Wageningen 6708 PB, Netherlands
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42
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Root SE, Savagatrup S, Printz AD, Rodriquez D, Lipomi DJ. Mechanical Properties of Organic Semiconductors for Stretchable, Highly Flexible, and Mechanically Robust Electronics. Chem Rev 2017; 117:6467-6499. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 465] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E. Root
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Suchol Savagatrup
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Adam D. Printz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Daniel Rodriquez
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Darren J. Lipomi
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
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43
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Li Y, Tatum WK, Onorato JW, Barajas SD, Yang YY, Luscombe CK. An indacenodithiophene-based semiconducting polymer with high ductility for stretchable organic electronics. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00435d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An alkyl-substituted indacenodithiophene-based donor–acceptor π-conjugated polymer (PIDTBPD) with low stiffness and high ductility is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
| | - Wesley K. Tatum
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
| | - Jonathan W. Onorato
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
| | - Sierra D. Barajas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
| | - Yun Young Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
| | - Christine K. Luscombe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
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44
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Yang C, Xu Y, Man P, Zhang H, Huo Y, Yang C, Li Z, Jiang S, Man B. Formation of large-area stretchable 3D graphene–nickel particle foams and their sensor applications. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05599d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
3D graphene/nickel particles (Gr–NiP) foams, fabricated using CVD and stamp-transfer processes, are used for stretchable sensor applications. The NiP, covered by Gr layers, are useful for the 3D nanostructures and separated from each other for the stretchable application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yang
- School of Physics and Electronics
- Shandong Normal University
- Jinan 250014
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- School of Physics and Electronics
- Shandong Normal University
- Jinan 250014
- People's Republic of China
| | - Peihong Man
- Microphysics Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- University of Illinois at Chicago
- Chicago
- USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronics
- Shandong Normal University
- Jinan 250014
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Huo
- School of Physics and Electronics
- Shandong Normal University
- Jinan 250014
- People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanxi Yang
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing 100083
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Physics and Electronics
- Shandong Normal University
- Jinan 250014
- People's Republic of China
| | - Shouzhen Jiang
- School of Physics and Electronics
- Shandong Normal University
- Jinan 250014
- People's Republic of China
- Institute of Materials and Clean Energy
| | - Baoyuan Man
- School of Physics and Electronics
- Shandong Normal University
- Jinan 250014
- People's Republic of China
- Institute of Materials and Clean Energy
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