1
|
Gaddy JA, Moore RE, Lochner JS, Rogers LM, Noble KN, Giri A, Aronoff DM, Cliffel D, Eastman AJ. Palmitate and group B Streptococcus synergistically and differentially induce IL-1β from human gestational membranes. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1409378. [PMID: 38855112 PMCID: PMC11158625 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1409378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rupture of the gestational membranes often precedes major pregnancy complications, including preterm labor and preterm birth. One major cause of inflammation in the gestational membranes, chorioamnionitis (CAM) is often a result of bacterial infection. The commensal bacterium Streptococcus agalactiae, or Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a leading infectious cause of CAM. Obesity is on the rise worldwide and roughly 1 in 4 pregnancy complications is related to obesity, and individuals with obesity are also more likely to be colonized by GBS. The gestational membranes are comprised of several distinct cell layers which are, from outermost to innermost: maternally-derived decidual stromal cells (DSCs), fetal cytotrophoblasts (CTBs), fetal mesenchymal cells, and fetal amnion epithelial cells (AECs). In addition, the gestational membranes have several immune cell populations; macrophages are the most common phagocyte. Here we characterize the effects of palmitate, the most common long-chain saturated fatty acid, on the inflammatory response of each layer of the gestational membranes when infected with GBS, using human cell lines and primary human tissue. Results Palmitate itself slightly but significantly augments GBS proliferation. Palmitate and GBS co-stimulation synergized to induce many inflammatory proteins and cytokines, particularly IL-1β and matrix metalloproteinase 9 from DSCs, CTBs, and macrophages, but not from AECs. Many of these findings are recapitulated when treating cells with palmitate and a TLR2 or TLR4 agonist, suggesting broad applicability of palmitate-pathogen synergy. Co-culture of macrophages with DSCs or CTBs, upon co-stimulation with GBS and palmitate, resulted in increased inflammatory responses, contrary to previous work in the absence of palmitate. In whole gestational membrane biopsies, the amnion layer appeared to dampen immune responses from the DSC and CTB layers (the choriodecidua) to GBS and palmitate co-stimulation. Addition of the monounsaturated fatty acid oleate, the most abundant monounsaturated fatty acid in circulation, dampened the proinflammatory effect of palmitate. Discussion These studies reveal a complex interplay between the immunological response of the distinct layers of the gestational membrane to GBS infection and that such responses can be altered by exposure to long-chain saturated fatty acids. These data provide insight into how metabolic syndromes such as obesity might contribute to an increased risk for GBS disease during pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Gaddy
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare Systems, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Rebecca E. Moore
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Publications Division, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jonathan S. Lochner
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Lisa M. Rogers
- Department Internal Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Kristen N. Noble
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ayush Giri
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - David M. Aronoff
- Department Internal Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - David Cliffel
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Alison J. Eastman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wen Q, Chowdhury AI, Aydin B, Shekha M, Stenlid R, Forslund A, Bergsten P. Metformin restores prohormone processing enzymes and normalizes aberrations in secretion of proinsulin and insulin in palmitate-exposed human islets. Diabetes Obes Metab 2023; 25:3757-3765. [PMID: 37694762 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM To elucidate how proinsulin synthesis and insulin was affected by metformin under conditions of nutrient overstimulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Isolated human pancreatic islets from seven donors were cultured at 5.5 mmol/L glucose and 0.5 mmol/L palmitate for 12, 24 or 72 h. Metformin (25 μmol/L) was introduced after initial 12 h with palmitate. Proinsulin and insulin were measured. Expression of prohormone convertase 1/3 (PC1/3) and carboxypeptidase E (CPE), was determined by western blot. Adolescents with obesity, treated with metformin and with normal glucose tolerance (n = 5), prediabetes (n = 14), or type 2 diabetes (T2DM; n = 7) were included. Fasting proinsulin, insulin, glucose, 2-h glucose and glycated haemoglobin were measured. Proinsulin/insulin ratio (PI/I) was calculated. RESULTS In human islets, palmitate treatment for 12 and 24 h increased proinsulin and insulin proportionally. After 72 h, proinsulin but not insulin continued to increase which was coupled with reduced expression of PC1/3 and CPE. Metformin normalized expression of PC1/3 and CPE, and proinsulin and insulin secretion. In adolescents with obesity, before treatment, fasting proinsulin and insulin concentrations were higher in subjects with T2DM than with normal glucose tolerance. PI/I was reduced after metformin treatment in subjects with T2DM as well as in subjects with prediabetes, coupled with reduced 2-h glucose and glycated haemoglobin. CONCLUSIONS Metformin normalized proinsulin and insulin secretion after prolonged nutrient-overstimulation, coupled with normalization of the converting enzymes, in isolated islets. In adolescents with obesity, metformin treatment was associated with improved PI/I, which was coupled with improved glycaemic control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wen
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Banu Aydin
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mudhir Shekha
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Rasmus Stenlid
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Paediatric Obesity Clinic, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Forslund
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Paediatric Obesity Clinic, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Bergsten
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Paediatric Obesity Clinic, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wen Q, Stenlid R, Chowdhury AI, Ciba I, Aydin B, Cerenius SY, Manell H, Forslund A, Bergsten P. Metformin Can Attenuate Beta-Cell Hypersecretion-Implications for Treatment of Children with Obesity. Metabolites 2023; 13:917. [PMID: 37623862 PMCID: PMC10456302 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In children with obesity, insulin hypersecretion is proposed to precede insulin resistance. We investigated if metformin could be used to attenuate insulin secretion from palmitate-treated isolated islets and its implication for children with obesity. Human islets were exposed to palmitate for 0.5 or 1 day, when metformin was introduced. After culture, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) was measured. Children with obesity, who had received metformin for over six months (n = 21, age 13.9 ± 1.8), were retrospectively evaluated. Children were classified as either "reducing" or "increasing" based on the difference between AUC0-120 of insulin during OGTT before and after metformin treatment. In human islets, GSIS increased after culture in palmitate for up to 1 day but declined with continued palmitate exposure. Whereas adding metformin after 1 day of palmitate exposure increased GSIS, adding metformin after 0.5 days reduced GSIS. In children with "reducing" insulin AUC0-120 (n = 9), 2 h glucose and triglycerides decreased after metformin treatment, which was not observed in patients with "increasing" insulin AUC0-120 (n = 12). In isolated islets, metformin attenuated insulin hypersecretion if introduced when islet secretory capacity was maintained. In children with obesity, improved glycemic and lipid levels were accompanied by reduced insulin levels during OGTT after metformin treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wen
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden; (R.S.); (A.I.C.); (I.C.); (B.A.); (S.Y.C.); (A.F.)
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Rasmus Stenlid
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden; (R.S.); (A.I.C.); (I.C.); (B.A.); (S.Y.C.); (A.F.)
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Overweight Unit, Academic Children’s Hospital, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Azazul Islam Chowdhury
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden; (R.S.); (A.I.C.); (I.C.); (B.A.); (S.Y.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Iris Ciba
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden; (R.S.); (A.I.C.); (I.C.); (B.A.); (S.Y.C.); (A.F.)
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Overweight Unit, Academic Children’s Hospital, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Banu Aydin
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden; (R.S.); (A.I.C.); (I.C.); (B.A.); (S.Y.C.); (A.F.)
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Sara Y. Cerenius
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden; (R.S.); (A.I.C.); (I.C.); (B.A.); (S.Y.C.); (A.F.)
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Hannes Manell
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Overweight Unit, Academic Children’s Hospital, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Forslund
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden; (R.S.); (A.I.C.); (I.C.); (B.A.); (S.Y.C.); (A.F.)
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Overweight Unit, Academic Children’s Hospital, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Bergsten
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden; (R.S.); (A.I.C.); (I.C.); (B.A.); (S.Y.C.); (A.F.)
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Overweight Unit, Academic Children’s Hospital, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Otero A, Becerril S, Martín M, Cienfuegos JA, Valentí V, Moncada R, Catalán V, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Burrell MA, Frühbeck G, Rodríguez A. Effect of guanylin peptides on pancreas steatosis and function in experimental diet-induced obesity and after bariatric surgery. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1185456. [PMID: 37274331 PMCID: PMC10233012 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1185456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity contributes to ectopic fat deposition in non-adipose organs, including the pancreas. Pancreas steatosis associates with inflammation and β-cell dysfunction, contributing to the onset of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. An improvement of pancreatic steatosis and indices of insulin resistance is observed following bariatric surgery, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We sought to analyze whether guanylin (GUCA2A) and uroguanylin (GUCA2B), two gut hormones involved in the regulation of satiety, food preference and adiposity, are involved in the amelioration of pancreas fat accumulation after bariatric surgery. Methods Pancreas steatosis, inflammation, islet number and area were measured in male Wistar rats with diet-induced obesity (n=125) subjected to surgical (sham operation and sleeve gastrectomy) or dietary (pair-fed to the amount of food eaten by gastrectomized animals) interventions. The tissue distribution of guanylate cyclase C (GUCY2C) and the expression of the guanylin system were evaluated in rat pancreata by real-time PCR, Western-blot and immunohistochemistry. The effect of guanylin and uroguanylin on factors involved in insulin secretion and lipogenesis was determined in vitro in RIN-m5F β-cells exposed to lipotoxic conditions. Results Sleeve gastrectomy reduced pancreas steatosis and inflammation and improved insulin sensitivity and synthesis. An upregulation of GUCA2A and GUCY2C, but not GUCA2B, was observed in pancreata from rats with diet-induced obesity one month after sleeve gastrectomy. Interestingly, both guanylin and uroguanylin diminished the lipotoxicity in palmitate-treated RIN-m5F β-cells, evidenced by lower steatosis and downregulated lipogenic factors Srebf1, Mogat2 and Dgat1. Both guanylin peptides reduced insulin synthesis (Ins1 and Ins2) and release from RIN-m5F β-cells, but only guanylin upregulated Wnt4, a factor that controls β-cell proliferation and function. Discussion Together, sleeve gastrectomy reduced pancreatic steatosis and improved β-cell function. Several mechanisms, including the modulation of inflammation and lipogenesis as well as the upregulation of GUCA2A in the pancreas, might explain this beneficial effect of bariatric surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aarón Otero
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sara Becerril
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marina Martín
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier A. Cienfuegos
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Víctor Valentí
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rafael Moncada
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Anesthesia, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Victoria Catalán
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - María A. Burrell
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dong G, Adak S, Spyropoulos G, Zhang Q, Feng C, Yin L, Speck SL, Shyr Z, Morikawa S, Kitamura RA, Kathayat RS, Dickinson BC, Ng XW, Piston DW, Urano F, Remedi MS, Wei X, Semenkovich CF. Palmitoylation couples insulin hypersecretion with β cell failure in diabetes. Cell Metab 2023; 35:332-344.e7. [PMID: 36634673 PMCID: PMC9908855 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hyperinsulinemia often precedes type 2 diabetes. Palmitoylation, implicated in exocytosis, is reversed by acyl-protein thioesterase 1 (APT1). APT1 biology was altered in pancreatic islets from humans with type 2 diabetes, and APT1 knockdown in nondiabetic islets caused insulin hypersecretion. APT1 knockout mice had islet autonomous increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion that was associated with prolonged insulin granule fusion. Using palmitoylation proteomics, we identified Scamp1 as an APT1 substrate that localized to insulin secretory granules. Scamp1 knockdown caused insulin hypersecretion. Expression of a mutated Scamp1 incapable of being palmitoylated in APT1-deficient cells rescued insulin hypersecretion and nutrient-induced apoptosis. High-fat-fed islet-specific APT1-knockout mice and global APT1-deficient db/db mice showed increased β cell failure. These findings suggest that APT1 is regulated in human islets and that APT1 deficiency causes insulin hypersecretion leading to β cell failure, modeling the evolution of some forms of human type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guifang Dong
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Sangeeta Adak
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - George Spyropoulos
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chu Feng
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Li Yin
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sarah L Speck
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zeenat Shyr
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shuntaro Morikawa
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rie Asada Kitamura
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rahul S Kathayat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Bryan C Dickinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Xue Wen Ng
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David W Piston
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Fumihiko Urano
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Maria S Remedi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xiaochao Wei
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Clay F Semenkovich
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yen CC, Lii CK, Chen CC, Li CC, Tseng MH, Lo CW, Liu KL, Yang YC, Chen HW. Andrographolide Inhibits Lipotoxicity-Induced Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 51:129-147. [PMID: 36419253 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x23500088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Andrographolide is the major bioactive component of the herb Andrographis paniculata and is a potent anti-inflammatory agent. Obesity leads to an excess of free fatty acids, particularly palmitic acid (PA), in the circulation. Obesity also causes the deposition of ectopic fat in nonadipose tissues, which leads to lipotoxicity, a condition closely associated with inflammation. Here, we investigated whether andrographolide could inhibit PA-induced inflammation by activating autophagy, activating the antioxidant defense system, and blocking the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were primed with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and then activated with PA. LPS/PA treatment increased both the mRNA expression of NLRP3 and IL-1[Formula: see text] and the release of IL-1[Formula: see text] in BMDMs. Andrographolide inhibited the LPS/PA-induced protein expression of caspase-1 and the release of IL-1[Formula: see text]. Furthermore, andrographolide attenuated LPS/PA-induced mtROS generation by first promoting autophagic flux and catalase activity, and ultimately inhibiting activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Our results suggest that the mechanisms by which andrographolide downregulates LPS/PA-induced IL-1[Formula: see text] release in BMDMs involve promoting autophagic flux and catalase activity. Andrographolide may thus be a candidate to prevent obesity- and lipotoxicity-driven chronic inflammatory disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ching Yen
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Kuei Lii
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chieh Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chun Li
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hsien Tseng
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Lo
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chen Yang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Haw-Wen Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ge X, He Z, Cao C, Xue T, Jing J, Ma R, Zhao W, Liu L, Jueraitetibaike K, Ma J, Feng Y, Qian Z, Zou Z, Chen L, Fu C, Song N, Yao B. Protein palmitoylation-mediated palmitic acid sensing causes blood-testis barrier damage via inducing ER stress. Redox Biol 2022; 54:102380. [PMID: 35803125 PMCID: PMC9287734 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood-testis barrier (BTB) damage promotes spermatogenesis dysfunction, which is a critical cause of male infertility. Dyslipidemia has been correlated with male infertility, but the major hazardous lipid and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we firstly discovered an elevation of palmitic acid (PA) and a decrease of inhibin B in patients with severe dyszoospermia, which leaded us to explore the effects of PA on Sertoli cells. We observed a damage of BTB by PA. PA penetration to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and its damage to ER structures were exhibited by microimaging and dynamic observation, and consequent ER stress was proved to mediate PA-induced Sertoli cell barrier disruption. Remarkably, we demonstrated a critical role of aberrant protein palmitoylation in PA-induced Sertoli cell barrier dysfunction. An ER protein, Calnexin, was screened out and was demonstrated to participate in this process, and suppression of its palmitoylation showed an ameliorating effect. We also found that ω-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids down-regulated Calnexin palmitoylation, and alleviated BTB dysfunction. Our results indicate that dysregulated palmitoylation induced by PA plays a pivotal role in BTB disruption and subsequent spermatogenesis dysfunction, suggesting that protein palmitoylation might be therapeutically targetable in male infertility. An elevation of circulating PA was identified in patients with severe dyszoospermia. PA-induced over-palmitoylation in Sertoli cells leads to ER stress and BTB damage. The palmitoylation of the ER protein Calnexin regulates Sertoli cell barrier function. ω-3 PUFAs ameliorate PA-induced damage and over-palmitoylation in Sertoli cells.
Collapse
|
8
|
Tong X, Liu S, Stein R, Imai Y. Lipid Droplets' Role in the Regulation of β-Cell Function and β-Cell Demise in Type 2 Diabetes. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6516108. [PMID: 35086144 PMCID: PMC8826878 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
During development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), excessive nutritional load is thought to expose pancreatic islets to toxic effects of lipids and reduce β-cell function and mass. However, lipids also play a positive role in cellular metabolism and function. Thus, proper trafficking of lipids is critical for β cells to maximize the beneficial effects of these molecules while preventing their toxic effects. Lipid droplets (LDs) are organelles that play an important role in the storage and trafficking of lipids. In this review, we summarize the discovery of LDs in pancreatic β cells, LD lifecycle, and the effect of LD catabolism on β-cell insulin secretion. We discuss factors affecting LD formation such as age, cell type, species, and nutrient availability. We then outline published studies targeting critical LD regulators, primarily in rat and human β-cell models, to understand the molecular effect of LD formation and degradation on β-cell function and health. Furthermore, based on the abnormal LD accumulation observed in human T2D islets, we discuss the possible role of LDs during the development of β-cell failure in T2D. Current knowledge indicates that proper formation and clearance of LDs are critical to normal insulin secretion, endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis, and mitochondrial integrity in β cells. However, it remains unclear whether LDs positively or negatively affect human β-cell demise in T2D. Thus, we discuss possible research directions to address the knowledge gap regarding the role of LDs in β-cell failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tong
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Siming Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine Carver College of Medicine, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Roland Stein
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Yumi Imai
- Department of Internal Medicine Carver College of Medicine, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52246, USA
- Correspondence: Yumi Imai, MD, Department of Internal Medicine Carver College of Medicine, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Dr, PBDB Rm 3318, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Naessen T, Bergsten P, Lundmark T, Forslund A. Obesity in adolescents associated with vascular aging - a study using ultra-high-resolution ultrasound. Ups J Med Sci 2022; 127:8676. [PMID: 35846851 PMCID: PMC9254329 DOI: 10.48101/ujms.v127.8676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity in adolescents is increasing worldwide and associated with an elevated cardiovascular risk later in life. In a group-comparative study, we investigated the association between adiposity in adolescents and signs of vascular aging and inflammation. METHODS Thirty-nine adolescents (10-18 years old), 19 with obesity and 20 with normal weight, were enrolled. The intima thickness and intima/media thickness ratio (I/M) were assessed using high-resolution ultrasound in the common carotid artery (center frequency 22 MHz) and the distal radial artery (RA; 50 MHz). Increased intima and high I/M are signs of vascular aging. Body characteristics, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), plasma lipids, and glycemic parameters were measured. RESULTS Adolescents with obesity, compared to normal-weight peers, had elevated plasma lipid, insulin c-peptide, and hs-CRP levels, the latter increasing exponentially with increasing adiposity. Obese adolescents had a thicker RA intima layer [0.005 mm; 95% confidence intervals (0.000, 0.009); P = 0.043] and a higher RA I/M [0.10; (0.040, 0.147); P < 0.0007]. Group differences for the RA I/M remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, fasting plasma insulin, and body mass index, both separately and together (P = 0.032). The RA I/M was correlated with hs-CRP, and both were correlated with the analyzed cardiovascular risk factors. Receiver operating curve c-values for RA I/M (0.86) and hs-CRP (0.90) strongly indicated correct placement in the obese or non-obese group. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with obesity had significantly more extensive vascular aging in the muscular RA, than normal-weight peers. The findings support an inflammatory link between obesity and vascular aging in adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tord Naessen
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Bergsten
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tobias Lundmark
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Forslund
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fang C, Wang L, Qiao J, Chang L, He Q, Zhang X, Liu M. Differential regulation of lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-1β and TNF-α production in macrophages by palmitate via modulating TLR4 downstream signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 103:108456. [PMID: 34923420 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic patients are susceptible to infectious diseases. Bacterial invasion activates immune cells such as macrophages through interaction between LPS and TLR4, and induces the expression of inflammatory mediators, including IL-1β and TNF-α, which play key roles in the elimination of infections. Unregulated overproduction or underproduction of these cytokines has been reported as a major factor in the development of septic shock, immune deficiency, and autoimmunity. Recent studies found that metabolic abnormalities of diabetes, such as hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, played a major role in modulating the immune response. In this study, we studied the effects of palmitic acid (PA) pretreatment on LPS-induced IL-1β and TNF-α production and LPS-TLR4 signaling in macrophages. Compared with control, PA pretreatment significantly increased LPS-induced TNF-α production and secretion in macrophages. In contrast, LPS-induced IL-1β production and secretion was significantly suppressed by PA pretreatment. PA pretreatment did not affect the expression levels of TLR4 or Myd88, or the endocytosis of TLR4 in macrophages. However, PA pretreatment significantly suppressed the phosphorylation level and nuclear translocation of NF-κB, and the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2, whereas increased the phosphorylation levels of p38 and JNK. The activation of IKK which was upstream of NF-κB and ERK1/2 was attenuated, while the activation of TAK1 which was upstream of JNK and p38 was augmented by PA pretreatment. Inhibitors of NF-κB, MEK1/2, and p38 significantly decreased IL-1β expression, while JNK and p38 pathway inhibitors significantly inhibited TNF-α expression. The differential regulation of LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-1β production by PA was associated with cellular metabolism of PA, because inhibiting metabolism of PA with etomoxir or pretreatment with Br-PA which cannot be metabolized reversed these effects. We also showed that PA treatment increased acetylated IKK level which might contribute to the suppressed activation of IKK. The present study showed that LPS-induced production of TNF-α and IL-1β was regulated by different TLR4 downstream pathways in macrophages. PA differentially affected LPS-induced production of TNF-α and IL-1β in macrophages through differentially modulating these pathways. Further experiments will be needed to determine how these phenomena lead to the impaired immune response in patients with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyun Fang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingting Qiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lina Chang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Johnson JD. On the causal relationships between hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistance, obesity and dysglycaemia in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2021; 64:2138-2146. [PMID: 34296322 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05505-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hundreds of millions of people are affected by hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistance, obesity and the dysglycaemia that mark a common progression from metabolic health to type 2 diabetes. Although the relative contribution of these features and the order in which they appear may differ between individuals, the common clustering and seemingly progressive nature of type 2 diabetes aetiology has guided research and clinical practice in this area for decades. At the same time, lively debate around the causal relationships between these features has continued, as new data from human trials and highly controlled animal studies are presented. This 'For debate' article was prompted by the review in Diabetologia by Esser, Utzschneider and Kahn ( https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-020-05245-x ), with the purpose of reviewing established and emerging data that provide insight into the relative contributions of hyperinsulinaemia and impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in progressive stages between health, obesity and diabetes. It is concluded that these beta cell defects are not mutually exclusive and that they are both important, but at different stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James D Johnson
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Institute for Personalized Therapeutic Nutrition, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sarsenbayeva A, Jui BN, Fanni G, Barbosa P, Ahmed F, Kristófi R, Cen J, Chowdhury A, Skrtic S, Bergsten P, Fall T, Eriksson JW, Pereira MJ. Impaired HMG-CoA Reductase Activity Caused by Genetic Variants or Statin Exposure: Impact on Human Adipose Tissue, β-Cells and Metabolome. Metabolites 2021; 11:574. [PMID: 34564389 PMCID: PMC8468287 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase is associated with an increased risk of new-onset type 2 diabetes. We studied the association of genetic or pharmacological HMG-CoA reductase inhibition with plasma and adipose tissue (AT) metabolome and AT metabolic pathways. We also investigated the effects of statin-mediated pharmacological inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase on systemic insulin sensitivity by measuring the HOMA-IR index in subjects with or without statin therapy. The direct effects of simvastatin (20-250 nM) or its active metabolite simvastatin hydroxy acid (SA) (8-30 nM) were investigated on human adipocyte glucose uptake, lipolysis, and differentiation and pancreatic insulin secretion. We observed that the LDL-lowering HMGCR rs12916-T allele was negatively associated with plasma phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelins, and HMGCR expression in AT was correlated with various metabolic and mitochondrial pathways. Clinical data showed that statin treatment was associated with HOMA-IR index after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, HbA1c, LDL-c levels, and diabetes status in the subjects. Supra-therapeutic concentrations of simvastatin reduced glucose uptake in adipocytes and normalized fatty acid-induced insulin hypersecretion from β-cells. Our data suggest that inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase is associated with insulin resistance. However, statins have a very mild direct effect on AT and pancreas, hence, other tissues as the liver or muscle appear to be of greater importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Assel Sarsenbayeva
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.S.); (B.N.J.); (G.F.); (F.A.); (R.K.); (T.F.); (J.W.E.)
| | - Bipasha Nandi Jui
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.S.); (B.N.J.); (G.F.); (F.A.); (R.K.); (T.F.); (J.W.E.)
| | - Giovanni Fanni
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.S.); (B.N.J.); (G.F.); (F.A.); (R.K.); (T.F.); (J.W.E.)
| | - Pedro Barbosa
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fozia Ahmed
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.S.); (B.N.J.); (G.F.); (F.A.); (R.K.); (T.F.); (J.W.E.)
| | - Robin Kristófi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.S.); (B.N.J.); (G.F.); (F.A.); (R.K.); (T.F.); (J.W.E.)
| | - Jing Cen
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (J.C.); (A.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Azazul Chowdhury
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (J.C.); (A.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Stanko Skrtic
- Innovation Strategies & External Liaison, Pharmaceutical Technologies & Development, AstraZeneca, 431 83 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Bergsten
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (J.C.); (A.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Tove Fall
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.S.); (B.N.J.); (G.F.); (F.A.); (R.K.); (T.F.); (J.W.E.)
| | - Jan W. Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.S.); (B.N.J.); (G.F.); (F.A.); (R.K.); (T.F.); (J.W.E.)
| | - Maria J. Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetology and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.S.); (B.N.J.); (G.F.); (F.A.); (R.K.); (T.F.); (J.W.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fatty Acid Profile and Desaturase Activities in 7-10-Year-Old Children Attending Primary School in Verona South District: Association between Palmitoleic Acid, SCD-16, Indices of Adiposity, and Blood Pressure. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113899. [PMID: 32486144 PMCID: PMC7312303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous studies, dietary and circulating fatty acids (FA) and desaturases activity (delta-5 desaturase [D5D], delta-6 desaturase [D6D], and stearoyl-CoA desaturase [SCD-16]) involved in their metabolism were associated with metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. The aim of the study was to assess the association between different FAs and desaturases activity (estimated as product:precursor ratios) with individual cardiovascular risk factors (in particular, anthropometric measurements and blood pressure [BP]) in children. The FA profile was determined on a whole-blood drop in 243 children (age: 8.6 ± 0.72 years) participating in a school-based cross-sectional study. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) inversely correlated with indices of adiposity, glucose, and triglycerides. Palmitoleic acid and SCD-16 were directly associated with markers of adiposity and BP, even after adjustment for main confounders. D6D correlated directly with the waist/height ratio. Children with excess weight (>85th percentile; that is overweight plus obese ones) showed higher palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, and higher SCD-16 activity as compared to normal-weight children. Most of the associations were confirmed in the excess-weight group. Omega-3 FAs, particularly DHA, but not omega-6 FA, showed a potentially beneficial association with metabolic parameters, whereas palmitoleic acid and SCD-16 showed a potentially harmful association with indices of adiposity and BP, especially in obese children.
Collapse
|
14
|
Davis FM, denDekker A, Kimball A, Joshi AD, El Azzouny M, Wolf SJ, Obi AT, Lipinski J, Gudjonsson JE, Xing X, Plazyo O, Audu C, Melvin WJ, Singer K, Henke PK, Moore BB, Burant C, Kunkel SL, Gallagher KA. Epigenetic Regulation of TLR4 in Diabetic Macrophages Modulates Immunometabolism and Wound Repair. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:2503-2513. [PMID: 32205424 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are critical for the initiation and resolution of the inflammatory phase of wound healing. In diabetes, macrophages display a prolonged inflammatory phenotype preventing tissue repair. TLRs, particularly TLR4, have been shown to regulate myeloid-mediated inflammation in wounds. We examined macrophages isolated from wounds of patients afflicted with diabetes and healthy controls as well as a murine diabetic model demonstrating dynamic expression of TLR4 results in altered metabolic pathways in diabetic macrophages. Further, using a myeloid-specific mixed-lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1) knockout (Mll1f/fLyz2Cre+ ), we determined that MLL1 drives Tlr4 expression in diabetic macrophages by regulating levels of histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation on the Tlr4 promoter. Mechanistically, MLL1-mediated epigenetic alterations influence diabetic macrophage responsiveness to TLR4 stimulation and inhibit tissue repair. Pharmacological inhibition of the TLR4 pathway using a small molecule inhibitor (TAK-242) as well as genetic depletion of either Tlr4 (Tlr4-/- ) or myeloid-specific Tlr4 (Tlr4f/fLyz2Cre+) resulted in improved diabetic wound healing. These results define an important role for MLL1-mediated epigenetic regulation of TLR4 in pathologic diabetic wound repair and suggest a target for therapeutic manipulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank M Davis
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Aaron denDekker
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Andrew Kimball
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233
| | - Amrita D Joshi
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | | | - Sonya J Wolf
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Andrea T Obi
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Jay Lipinski
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | | | - Xianying Xing
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Olesya Plazyo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Christopher Audu
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - William J Melvin
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Kanakadurga Singer
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Peter K Henke
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Bethany B Moore
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and.,Department Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Charles Burant
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and
| | - Steven L Kunkel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Katherine A Gallagher
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; .,Department Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Manell H, Kristinsson H, Kullberg J, Ubhayasekera SJK, Mörwald K, Staaf J, Cadamuro J, Zsoldos F, Göpel S, Sargsyan E, Ahlström H, Bergquist J, Weghuber D, Forslund A, Bergsten P. Hyperglucagonemia in youth is associated with high plasma free fatty acids, visceral adiposity, and impaired glucose tolerance. Pediatr Diabetes 2019; 20:880-891. [PMID: 31271247 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To delineate potential mechanisms for fasting hyperglucagonemia in childhood obesity by studying the associations between fasting plasma glucagon concentrations and plasma lipid parameters and fat compartments. METHODS Cross-sectional study of children and adolescents with obesity (n = 147) and lean controls (n = 43). Differences in free fatty acids (FFAs), triglycerides, insulin, and fat compartments (quantified by magnetic resonance imaging) across quartiles of fasting plasma glucagon concentration were analyzed. Differences in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) glucagon response was tested in high vs low FFAs, triglycerides, and insulin. Human islets of Langerhans were cultured at 5.5 mmol/L glucose and in the absence or presence of a FFA mixture with total FFA concentration of 0.5 mmol/L and glucagon secretion quantified. RESULTS In children with obesity, the quartile with the highest fasting glucagon had higher insulin (201 ± 174 vs 83 ± 39 pmol/L, P < .01), FFAs (383 ± 52 vs 338 ± 109 μmol/L, P = .02), triglycerides (1.5 ± 0.9 vs 1.0 ± 0.7 mmol/L, P < .01), visceral adipose tissue volume (1.9 ± 0.8 vs 1.2 ± 0.3 dm3 , P < .001), and a higher prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT; 41% vs 8%, P = .01) than the lowest quartile. During OGTT, children with obesity and high insulin had a worse suppression of glucagon during the first 10 minutes after glucose intake. Glucagon secretion was 2.6-fold higher in islets treated with FFAs than in those not treated with FFAs. CONCLUSIONS Hyperglucagonemia in childhood obesity is associated with hyperinsulinemia, high plasma FFAs, high plasma triglycerides, visceral adiposity, and IGT. The glucagonotropic effect of FFAs on isolated human islets provides a potential mechanism linking high fasting plasma FFAs and glucagon levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Manell
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Joel Kullberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Katharina Mörwald
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Johan Staaf
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Janne Cadamuro
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Fanni Zsoldos
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sven Göpel
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (CVMD), Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit (iMed), AstraZeneca AB, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Ernest Sargsyan
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Ahlström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Analytical Chemistry & Neurochemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anders Forslund
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Bergsten
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yang J, Lv Y, Zhao Z, Li W, Xiang S, Zhou L, Gao A, Yan B, Ou L, Ling H, Xiao X, Liu J. A microRNA‑24‑to‑secretagogin regulatory pathway mediates cholesterol‑induced inhibition of insulin secretion. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:608-616. [PMID: 31173188 PMCID: PMC6605698 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a key factor leading to β‑cell dysfunction, but its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Secretagogin (Scgn), a Ca2+ sensor protein that is expressed at high levels in the islets, has been shown to play a key role in regulating insulin secretion through effects on the soluble N‑ethylmaleimide‑sensitive factor attachment receptor protein complexes. However, further studies are required to determine whether Scgn plays a role in hypercholesterolemia‑associated β‑cell dysfunction. The present study investigated the involvement of a microRNA‑24 (miR‑24)‑to‑Scgn regulatory pathway in cholesterol‑induced β‑cell dysfunction. In the present study, MIN6 cells were treated with increasing concentrations of cholesterol and then, the cellular functions and changes in the miR‑24‑to‑Scgn signal pathway were observed. Excessive uptake of cholesterol in MIN6 cells increased the expression of miR‑24, resulting in a reduction in Sp1 expression by directly targeting its 3' untranslated region. As a transcriptional activator of Scgn, downregulation of Sp1 decreased Scgn levels and subsequently decreased the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and paxillin, which is regulated by Scgn. Therefore, the focal adhesions in insulin granules were impaired and insulin exocytosis was reduced. The present study concluded that a miR‑24‑to‑Scgn pathway participates in the mechanism regulating cholesterol accumulation‑induced β‑cell dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of The University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Yuncheng Lv
- Laboratory of Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Zhibo Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of The University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Wu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of The University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Sunmin Xiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of The University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Lingzhi Zhou
- Department of Paediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of The University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Anbo Gao
- Laboratory of Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of The University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Lingling Ou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of The University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Hong Ling
- Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of The University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of The University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Jianghua Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of The University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Manukyan L, Dunder L, Lind PM, Bergsten P, Lejonklou MH. Developmental exposure to a very low dose of bisphenol A induces persistent islet insulin hypersecretion in Fischer 344 rat offspring. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 172:127-136. [PMID: 30782532 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In children with obesity, accentuated insulin secretion has been coupled with development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical with endocrine- and metabolism-disrupting properties which can be measured in a majority of the population. Exposure to BPA has been associated with the development of metabolic diseases including T2DM. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate if exposure early in life to an environmentally relevant low dose of BPA causes insulin hypersecretion in rat offspring. METHODS Pregnant Fischer 344 rats were exposed to 0.5 (BPA0.5) or 50 (BPA50) µg BPA/kg BW/day via drinking water from gestational day 3.5 until postnatal day 22. Pancreata from dams and 5- and 52-week-old offspring were procured and islets were isolated by collagenase digestion. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and insulin content in the islets were determined by ELISA. RESULTS Basal (5.5 mM glucose) islet insulin secretion was not affected by BPA exposure. However, stimulated (11 mM glucose) insulin secretion was enhanced by about 50% in islets isolated from BPA0.5-exposed 5- and 52-week-old female and male offspring and by 80% in islets from dams, compared with control. In contrast, the higher dose, BPA50, reduced stimulated insulin secretion by 40% in both 5- and 52-week-old female and male offspring and dams, compared with control. CONCLUSION A BPA intake 8 times lower than the European Food Safety Authority's (EFSA's) current tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 4 µg/kg BW/day of BPA delivered via drinking water during gestation and early development causes islet insulin hypersecretion in rat offspring up to one year after exposure. The effects of BPA exposure on the endocrine pancreas may promote the development of metabolic disease including T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Levon Manukyan
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Linda Dunder
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - P Monica Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Peter Bergsten
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Margareta H Lejonklou
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Turpaev K, Krizhanovskii C, Wang X, Sargsyan E, Bergsten P, Welsh N. The protein synthesis inhibitor brusatol normalizes high-fat diet-induced glucose intolerance in male C57BL/6 mice: role of translation factor eIF5A hypusination. FASEB J 2019; 33:3510-3522. [PMID: 30462531 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801698r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The naturally occurring quassinoid compound brusatol improves the survival of insulin-producing cells when exposed to the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IFN-γ in vitro. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether brusatol also promotes beneficial effects in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD), and if so, to study the mechanisms by which brusatol acts. In vivo, we observed that the impaired glucose tolerance of HFD-fed male C57BL/6 mice was counteracted by a 2 wk treatment with brusatol. Brusatol treatment improved both β-cell function and peripheral insulin sensitivity of HFD-fed mice. In vitro, brusatol inhibited β-cell total protein and proinsulin biosynthesis, with an ED50 of ∼40 nM. In line with this, brusatol blocked cytokine-induced iNOS protein expression via inhibition of iNOS mRNA translation. Brusatol may have affected protein synthesis, at least in part, via inhibition of eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) hypusination, as eIF5A spermidine association and hypusination in RIN-5AH cells was reduced in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The eIF5A hypusination inhibitor GC7 promoted a similar effect. Both brusatol and GC7 protected rat RIN-5AH cells against cytokine-induced cell death. Brusatol reduced eIF5A hypusination and cytokine-induced cell death in EndoC-βH1 cells as well. Finally, hypusinated eIF5A was reduced in vivo by brusatol in islet endocrine and endothelial islet cells of mice fed an HFD. The results of the present study suggest that brusatol improves glucose intolerance in mice fed an HFD, possibly by inhibiting protein biosynthesis and eIF5A hypusination.-Turpaev, K., Krizhanovskii, C., Wang, X., Sargsyan, E., Bergsten, P., Welsh, N. The protein synthesis inhibitor brusatol normalizes high-fat diet-induced glucose intolerance in male C57BL/6 mice: role of translation factor eIF5A hypusination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyril Turpaev
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Camilla Krizhanovskii
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and
| | - Xuan Wang
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and
| | - Ernest Sargsyan
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and
| | - Peter Bergsten
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and
| | - Nils Welsh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nie Y, Li J, Jin Y, Nyomba BLG, Cattini PA, Vakili H. Negative Effects of Cyclic Palmitate Treatment on Glucose Responsiveness and Insulin Production in Mouse Insulinoma Min6 Cells Are Reversible. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:395-403. [PMID: 30702352 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell failure is characterized by compromised insulin secretion in response to glucose, which ultimately results in hyperglycemia, the clinical hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Acute exposure to plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) potentiates glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), while chronic exposure impairs GSIS, and the latter has been associated with the mechanism of β cell failure in obesity linked T2DM. By contrast, growth hormone (GH) signaling has been linked positively to GSIS in β cells. Numerous studies have examined chronic exposure of β cells to elevated FFAs both with in vivo cohorts and in vitro models. Little attention, however, has been given to the fluctuation of plasma FFA levels due to rhythmic effects that are affected by daily diet and fat intake. Mouse insulinoma Min6 cells were exposed to cyclic/daily palmitate treatment over 2 and 3 days to assess effects on GSIS. Cyclic/daily palmitate treatment with a period of recovery negatively affected GSIS in a dose-dependent manner. Removal of palmitate after two cycles/day resulted in reversal of the effect on GSIS, which was also reflected by relative gene expression involved in insulin biosynthesis (Ins1, Ins2, Pdx1, and MafA) and GSIS (glucose 2 transporter and glucokinase). Modest positive effects on GSIS and glucokinase transcript levels were also observed when Min6 cells were cotreated with human GH and palmitate. These observations indicate that like continuous palmitate treatment, cyclic exposure to palmitate can acutely impair GSIS over 48 and 72 h. However, they also suggest that the negative effects of short periods of exposure to FFAs on β cell function remain reversible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Nie
- 1 Stem Cell and Cancer Center, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- 1 Stem Cell and Cancer Center, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yan Jin
- 2 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - B L Grégoire Nyomba
- 3 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Peter A Cattini
- 2 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Hana Vakili
- 4 Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Groebe K, Cen J, Schvartz D, Sargsyan E, Chowdhury A, Roomp K, Schneider R, Alderborn A, Sanchez JC, Bergsten P. Palmitate-Induced Insulin Hypersecretion and Later Secretory Decline Associated with Changes in Protein Expression Patterns in Human Pancreatic Islets. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:3824-3836. [PMID: 30183308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In obese children with high circulating concentrations of free fatty acid palmitate, we have observed that insulin levels at fasting and in response to a glucose challenge were several times higher than in obese children with low concentrations of the fatty acid as well as in lean controls. Declining and even insufficient insulin levels were observed in obese adolescents with high levels of the fatty acid. In isolated human islets exposed to palmitate we have observed insulin hypersecretion after 2 days exposure. In contrast, insulin secretion from the islets was reduced after 7 days culture in the presence of the fatty acid. This study aims at identifying islet-related biological events potentially linked with the observed insulin hypersecretion and later secretory decline in these obese children and adolescents using the islet model. We analyzed protein expression data obtained from human islets exposed to elevated palmitate levels for 2 and 7 days by an improved methodology for statistical analysis of differentially expressed proteins. Protein profiling of islet samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry identified 115 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Several DEPs including sorcin were associated with increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in islets after 2 days of exposure to palmitate. Similarly, several metabolic pathways including altered protein degradation, increased autophagy, altered redox condition, and hampered insulin processing were coupled to the functional impairment of islets after 7 days of culture in the presence of palmitate. Such biological events, once validated in the islets, may give rise to novel treatment strategies aiming at normalizing insulin levels in obese children with high palmitate levels, which may reduce or even prevent obesity-related type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Cen
- Department of Medical Cell Biology , Uppsala University , 75236 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Domitille Schvartz
- Human Protein Sciences Department, Centre Medical Universitaire , University of Geneva , CH-1211 Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Ernest Sargsyan
- Department of Medical Cell Biology , Uppsala University , 75236 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Azazul Chowdhury
- Department of Medical Cell Biology , Uppsala University , 75236 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Kirsten Roomp
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine , University of Luxembourg , 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette , Luxembourg
| | - Reinhard Schneider
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine , University of Luxembourg , 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette , Luxembourg
| | - Anders Alderborn
- Department of Medical Cell Biology , Uppsala University , 75236 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Jean-Charles Sanchez
- Human Protein Sciences Department, Centre Medical Universitaire , University of Geneva , CH-1211 Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Peter Bergsten
- Department of Medical Cell Biology , Uppsala University , 75236 Uppsala , Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cen J, Sargsyan E, Forslund A, Bergsten P. Mechanisms of beneficial effects of metformin on fatty acid-treated human islets. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 61:91-99. [PMID: 30307162 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of palmitate accentuate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) after short-term and cause beta-cell dysfunction after prolonged exposure. We investigated whether metformin, the first-line oral drug for treatment of T2DM, has beneficial effects on FFA-treated human islets and the potential mechanisms behind the effects. Insulin secretion, oxygen consumption rate (OCR), AMPK activation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis were examined in isolated human islets after exposure to elevated levels of palmitate in the absence or presence of metformin. Palmitate exposure doubled GSIS after 2 days but halved after 7 days compared with control. Inclusion of metformin during palmitate exposure normalized insulin secretion both after 2 and 7 days. After 2-day exposure to palmitate, OCR and the marker of the adaptive arm of ER stress response (sorcin) were significantly raised, whereas AMPK phosphorylation, markers of pro-apoptotic arm of ER stress response (p-EIF2α and CHOP) and apoptosis (cleaved caspase 3) were not affected. Presence of metformin during 2-day palmitate exposure normalized OCR and sorcin levels. After 7-day exposure to palmitate, OCR and sorcin were not significantly different from control level, p-AMPK was reduced and p-EIF2α, CHOP and cleaved caspase 3 were strongly upregulated. Presence of metformin during 7-day culture with palmitate normalized the level of p-AMPK, p-EIF2α, CHOP and cleaved caspase 3 but significantly increased the level of sorcin. Our study demonstrates that metformin prevents early insulin hypersecretion and later decrease in insulin secretion from palmitate-treated human islets by utilizing different mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cen
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ernest Sargsyan
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Molecular Neuroscience Group, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Anders Forslund
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Bergsten
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Stahlhut RW, Myers JP, Taylor JA, Nadal A, Dyer JA, Vom Saal FS. Experimental BPA Exposure and Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Response in Adult Men and Women. J Endocr Soc 2018; 2:1173-1187. [PMID: 30302422 PMCID: PMC6169468 DOI: 10.1210/js.2018-00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Human cross-sectional and animal studies have shown an association of the chemical bisphenol A (BPA) with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and other metabolic diseases, but no human experimental study has investigated whether BPA alters insulin/C-peptide secretion. Design Men and postmenopausal women (without diabetes) were orally administered either the vehicle or a BPA dose of 50 µg/kg body weight, which has been predicted by US regulators (Food and Drug Administration, Environmental Protection Agency) to be the maximum, safe daily oral BPA dose over the lifetime. Insulin response was assessed in two cross-over experiments using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; experiment 1) and a hyperglycemic (HG) clamp (experiment 2). Main outcomes were the percentage change of BPA session measures relative to those of the control session. Results Serum bioactive BPA after experimental exposure was at levels detected in human biomonitoring studies. In the OGTT, a strong positive correlation was found between hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) and the percentage change in the insulinogenic index (Spearman = 0.92), an indicator of early-phase insulin response, and the equivalent C-peptide index (Pearson = 0.97). In the HG clamp study, focusing on the later-phase insulin response to a stable level of glucose, several measures of insulin and C-peptide appeared suppressed during the BPA session relative to the control session; the change in insulin maximum concentration (Cmax) was negatively correlated with HbA1c and the Cmax of bioactive serum BPA. Conclusions This exploratory study suggests that BPA exposure to a dose considered safe by US regulators may alter glucose-stimulated insulin response in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Stahlhut
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - John Peterson Myers
- Environmental Health Sciences, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Julia A Taylor
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Angel Nadal
- CIBERDEM and Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Jonathan A Dyer
- Departments of Dermatology and Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Frederick S Vom Saal
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sargsyan E, Cen J, Roomp K, Schneider R, Bergsten P. Identification of early biological changes in palmitate-treated isolated human islets. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:629. [PMID: 30134843 PMCID: PMC6106933 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5008-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long-term exposure to elevated levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) is deleterious for beta-cell function and may contribute to development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Whereas mechanisms of impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in FFA-treated beta-cells have been intensively studied, biological events preceding the secretory failure, when GSIS is accentuated, are poorly investigated. To identify these early events, we performed genome-wide analysis of gene expression in isolated human islets exposed to fatty acid palmitate for different time periods. Results Palmitate-treated human islets showed decline in beta-cell function starting from day two. Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 identified 903 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Mapping of the genes onto pathways using KEGG pathway enrichment analysis predicted four islet biology-related pathways enriched prior but not after the decline of islet function and three pathways enriched both prior and after the decline of islet function. DEGs from these pathways were analyzed at the transcript level. The results propose that in palmitate-treated human islets, at early time points, protective events, including up-regulation of metallothioneins, tRNA synthetases and fatty acid-metabolising proteins, dominate over deleterious events, including inhibition of fatty acid detoxification enzymes, which contributes to the enhanced GSIS. After prolonged exposure of islets to palmitate, the protective events are outweighed by the deleterious events, which leads to impaired GSIS. Conclusions The study identifies temporal order between different cellular events, which either promote or protect from beta-cell failure. The sequence of these events should be considered when developing strategies for prevention and treatment of the disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5008-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Sargsyan
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Molecular Neuroscience Group, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, 0014, Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - Jing Cen
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kirsten Roomp
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Campus Belval, 7 avenue des Hauts fourneaux, 4362 Esch-Belval, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Reinhard Schneider
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Campus Belval, 7 avenue des Hauts fourneaux, 4362 Esch-Belval, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Peter Bergsten
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Individual fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes are associated with several features of the metabolic syndrome in obese children. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:731-742. [PMID: 29594475 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1677-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity leads to the clustering of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) also in children and is often accompanied by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Quality of dietary fat, beyond the quantity, can influence CV risk profile and, in particular, omega-3 fatty acids (FA) have been proposed as beneficial in this setting. The aim of the study was to evaluate the associations of individual CV risk factors, characterizing the MetS, with erythrocyte membrane FA, markers of average intake, in a group of 70 overweight/obese children. METHODS We conducted an observational study. Erythrocyte membrane FA were measured by gas chromatography. Spearman correlation coefficients (rS) were calculated to evaluate associations between FA and features of the MetS. RESULTS Mean content of Omega-3 FA was low (Omega-3 Index = 4.7 ± 0.8%). Not omega-3 FA but some omega-6 FA, especially arachidonic acid (AA), were inversely associated with several features of the MetS: AA resulted inversely correlated with waist circumference (rS = - 0.352), triglycerides (rS = - 0.379), fasting insulin (rS = - 0.337) and 24-h SBP (rS = - 0.313). Total amount of saturated FA (SFA) and specifically palmitic acid, correlated positively with waist circumference (rS = 0.354), triglycerides (rS = 0.400) and fasting insulin (rS = 0.287). Fatty Liver Index (FLI), a predictive score of steatosis based on GGT, triglycerides and anthropometric indexes, was positively correlated to palmitic acid (rS = 0.515) and inversely to AA (rS = - 0.472). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that omega-6 FA, and especially AA, could be protective toward CV risk factors featuring the MetS and also to indexes of hepatic steatosis in obese children, whereas SFA seems to exert opposite effects.
Collapse
|
25
|
Tsonkova VG, Sand FW, Wolf XA, Grunnet LG, Kirstine Ringgaard A, Ingvorsen C, Winkel L, Kalisz M, Dalgaard K, Bruun C, Fels JJ, Helgstrand C, Hastrup S, Öberg FK, Vernet E, Sandrini MPB, Shaw AC, Jessen C, Grønborg M, Hald J, Willenbrock H, Madsen D, Wernersson R, Hansson L, Jensen JN, Plesner A, Alanentalo T, Petersen MBK, Grapin-Botton A, Honoré C, Ahnfelt-Rønne J, Hecksher-Sørensen J, Ravassard P, Madsen OD, Rescan C, Frogne T. The EndoC-βH1 cell line is a valid model of human beta cells and applicable for screenings to identify novel drug target candidates. Mol Metab 2018; 8:144-157. [PMID: 29307512 PMCID: PMC5985049 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the EndoC-βH1 cell line as a model for human beta cells and evaluate its beta cell functionality, focusing on insulin secretion, proliferation, apoptosis and ER stress, with the objective to assess its potential as a screening platform for identification of novel anti-diabetic drug candidates. METHODS EndoC-βH1 was transplanted into mice for validation of in vivo functionality. Insulin secretion was evaluated in cells cultured as monolayer and as pseudoislets, as well as in diabetic mice. Cytokine induced apoptosis, glucolipotoxicity, and ER stress responses were assessed. Beta cell relevant mRNA and protein expression were investigated by qPCR and antibody staining. Hundreds of proteins or peptides were tested for their effect on insulin secretion and proliferation. RESULTS Transplantation of EndoC-βH1 cells restored normoglycemia in streptozotocin induced diabetic mice. Both in vitro and in vivo, we observed a clear insulin response to glucose, and, in vitro, we found a significant increase in insulin secretion from EndoC-βH1 pseudoislets compared to monolayer cultures for both glucose and incretins. Apoptosis and ER stress were inducible in the cells and caspase 3/7 activity was elevated in response to cytokines, but not affected by the saturated fatty acid palmitate. By screening of various proteins and peptides, we found Bombesin (BB) receptor agonists and Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptides (PACAP) to significantly induce insulin secretion and the proteins SerpinA6, STC1, and APOH to significantly stimulate proliferation. ER stress was readily induced by Tunicamycin and resulted in a reduction of insulin mRNA. Somatostatin (SST) was found to be expressed by 1% of the cells and manipulation of the SST receptors was found to significantly affect insulin secretion. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the EndoC-βH1 cells strongly resemble human islet beta cells in terms of glucose and incretin stimulated insulin secretion capabilities. The cell line has an active cytokine induced caspase 3/7 apoptotic pathway and is responsive to ER stress initiation factors. The cells' ability to proliferate can be further increased by already known compounds as well as by novel peptides and proteins. Based on its robust performance during the functionality assessment assays, the EndoC-βH1 cell line was successfully used as a screening platform for identification of novel anti-diabetic drug candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Georgieva Tsonkova
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Department of Islet & Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Wolfhagen Sand
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, GLP-1 & T2D Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Xenia Asbæk Wolf
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, GLP-1 & T2D Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Lars Groth Grunnet
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Department of Islet & Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Anna Kirstine Ringgaard
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Department of Islet & Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Ingvorsen
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Histology & Imaging, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Louise Winkel
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Department of Islet & Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Mark Kalisz
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Department of Islet & Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Kevin Dalgaard
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, GLP-1 & T2D Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Christine Bruun
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Department of Islet & Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Johannes Josef Fels
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Discovery Biology & Technology, Research Bioanalysis, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Helgstrand
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Protein Engineering, Expression Technologies 1, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Sven Hastrup
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Protein Engineering, Expression Technologies 1, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Kryh Öberg
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Protein Engineering, Expression Technologies 1, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Erik Vernet
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle Inc., Protein Engineering, NNRC Seattle, Inc., 530 Fairview Avenue North, 98109, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Allan Christian Shaw
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Protein Engineering, Characterisation & Modelling Technology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Carsten Jessen
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Protein Engineering, Protein & Peptide Chemistry 2, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Mads Grønborg
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Discovery Biology & Technology, Discovery ADME, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Jacob Hald
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Department of Islet & Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Hanni Willenbrock
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Discovery Biology & Technology, Bioinformatics, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Dennis Madsen
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Discovery Biology & Technology, Bioinformatics, Maaloev, Denmark
| | | | - Lena Hansson
- Intomics A/S, Lottenborgvej 26, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd., Research Centre Oxford, Bioinformatics, Novo Nordisk Ltd., 3 City Place Beehive Ring Road, Gatwick, RH6 0PA, West Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Nygaard Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd., Research Centre Oxford, Bioinformatics, Novo Nordisk Ltd., 3 City Place Beehive Ring Road, Gatwick, RH6 0PA, West Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Annette Plesner
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Department of Islet & Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Tomas Alanentalo
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Histology & Imaging, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Maja Borup Kjær Petersen
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Department of Islet & Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, DanStem, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Grapin-Botton
- University of Copenhagen, DanStem, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Honoré
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Department of Islet & Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Jonas Ahnfelt-Rønne
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Histology & Imaging, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Jacob Hecksher-Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Histology & Imaging, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Philippe Ravassard
- Institut du cerveau et de la moelle (ICM) - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'Hôpital, Sorbonne Universités, Inserm, CNRS, UPMC Univ, Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Ole D Madsen
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Department of Islet & Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Claude Rescan
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Department of Islet & Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Thomas Frogne
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Department of Islet & Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Khan S, Kowluru A. CD36 mediates lipid accumulation in pancreatic beta cells under the duress of glucolipotoxic conditions: Novel roles of lysine deacetylases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:2221-2226. [PMID: 29274335 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) is implicated in the intake of long-chain fatty acids and fat storage in various cell types including the pancreatic beta cell, thus contributing to the pathogenesis of metabolic stress and diabetes. Recent evidence indicates that CD36 undergoes post-translational modifications such as acetylation-deacetylation. However, putative roles of such modifications in its functional activation and onset of beta cell dysregulation under the duress of glucolipotoxicity (GLT) remain largely unknown. Using pharmacological approaches, we validated, herein, the hypothesis that acetylation-deacetylation signaling steps are involved in CD36-mediated lipid accumulation and downstream apoptotic signaling in pancreatic beta (INS-1832/13) cells under GLT. Exposure of these cells to GLT resulted in significant lipid accumulation without affecting the CD36 expression. Sulfo-n-succinimidyl oleate (SSO), an irreversible inhibitor of CD36, significantly attenuated lipid accumulation under GLT conditions, thus implicating CD36 in this metabolic step. Furthermore, trichostatin A (TSA) or valproic acid (VPA), known inhibitors of lysine deacetylases, markedly suppressed GLT-associated lipid accumulation with no discernible effects on CD36 expression. Lastly, SSO or TSA prevented caspase 3 activation in INS-1832/13 cells exposed to GLT conditions. Based on these findings, we conclude that an acetylation-deacetylation signaling step might regulate CD36 functional activity and subsequent lipid accumulation and caspase 3 activation in pancreatic beta cells exposed to GLT conditions. Identification of specific lysine deacetylases that control CD36 function should provide novel clues for the prevention of beta-cell dysfunction under GLT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabbir Khan
- β-Cell Biochemistry Laboratory, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Anjaneyulu Kowluru
- β-Cell Biochemistry Laboratory, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Riera-Borrull M, Cuevas VD, Alonso B, Vega MA, Joven J, Izquierdo E, Corbí ÁL. Palmitate Conditions Macrophages for Enhanced Responses toward Inflammatory Stimuli via JNK Activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:3858-3869. [PMID: 29061766 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation and elevated levels of circulating saturated fatty acids, which trigger inflammatory responses by engaging pattern recognition receptors in macrophages. Because tissue homeostasis is maintained through an adequate balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages, we assessed the transcriptional and functional profile of M-CSF-dependent monocyte-derived human macrophages exposed to concentrations of saturated fatty acids found in obese individuals. We report that palmitate (C16:0, 200 μM) significantly modulates the macrophage gene signature, lowers the expression of transcription factors that positively regulate IL-10 expression (MAFB, AhR), and promotes a proinflammatory state whose acquisition requires JNK activation. Unlike LPS, palmitate exposure does not activate STAT1, and its transcriptional effects can be distinguished from those triggered by LPS, as both agents oppositely regulate the expression of CCL19 and TRIB3 Besides, palmitate conditions macrophages for exacerbated proinflammatory responses (lower IL-10 and CCL2, higher TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) toward pathogenic stimuli, a process also mediated by JNK activation. All of these effects of palmitate are fatty acid specific because oleate (C18:1, 200 μM) does not modify the macrophage transcriptional and functional profiles. Therefore, pathologic palmitate concentrations promote the acquisition of a specific polarization state in human macrophages and condition macrophages for enhanced responses toward inflammatory stimuli, with both effects being dependent on JNK activation. Our results provide further insight into the macrophage contribution to obesity-associated inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Riera-Borrull
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain; and.,Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Víctor D Cuevas
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Bárbara Alonso
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Miguel A Vega
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Elena Izquierdo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Ángel L Corbí
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain; and
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kristinsson H, Sargsyan E, Manell H, Smith DM, Göpel SO, Bergsten P. Basal hypersecretion of glucagon and insulin from palmitate-exposed human islets depends on FFAR1 but not decreased somatostatin secretion. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4657. [PMID: 28680093 PMCID: PMC5498543 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04730-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In obesity fasting levels of both glucagon and insulin are elevated. In these subjects fasting levels of the free fatty acid palmitate are raised. We have demonstrated that palmitate enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from isolated human islets via free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1/GPR40). Since FFAR1 is also present on glucagon-secreting alpha-cells, we hypothesized that palmitate simultaneously stimulates secretion of glucagon and insulin at fasting glucose concentrations. In addition, we hypothesized that concomitant hypersecretion of glucagon and insulin was also contributed by reduced somatostatin secretion. We found basal glucagon, insulin and somatostatin secretion and respiration from human islets, to be enhanced during palmitate treatment at normoglycemia. Secretion of all hormones and mitochondrial respiration were lowered when FFAR1 or fatty acid β-oxidation was inhibited. The findings were confirmed in the human beta-cell line EndoC-βH1. We conclude that fatty acids enhance both glucagon and insulin secretion at fasting glucose concentrations and that FFAR1 and enhanced mitochondrial metabolism but not lowered somatostatin secretion are crucial in this effect. The ability of chronically elevated palmitate levels to simultaneously increase basal secretion of glucagon and insulin positions elevated levels of fatty acids as potential triggering factors for the development of obesity and impaired glucose control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Kristinsson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, Husargatan 3, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - E Sargsyan
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, Husargatan 3, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H Manell
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, Husargatan 3, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - D M Smith
- Discovery Sciences, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - S O Göpel
- AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, CVMD Bioscience, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - P Bergsten
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, Husargatan 3, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Roomp K, Kristinsson H, Schvartz D, Ubhayasekera K, Sargsyan E, Manukyan L, Chowdhury A, Manell H, Satagopam V, Groebe K, Schneider R, Bergquist J, Sanchez JC, Bergsten P. Combined lipidomic and proteomic analysis of isolated human islets exposed to palmitate reveals time-dependent changes in insulin secretion and lipid metabolism. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176391. [PMID: 28448538 PMCID: PMC5407795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have linked the accumulation of lipid metabolites to the development of beta-cell dysfunction and impaired insulin secretion. In most in vitro models of T2DM, rodent islets or beta-cell lines are used and typically focus is on specific cellular pathways or organs. Our aim was to, firstly, develop a combined lipidomics and proteomics approach for lipotoxicity in isolated human islets and, secondly, investigate if the approach could delineate novel and/ or confirm reported mechanisms of lipotoxicity. To this end isolated human pancreatic islets, exposed to chronically elevated palmitate concentrations for 0, 2 and 7 days, were functionally characterized and their levels of multiple targeted lipid and untargeted protein species determined. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from the islets increased on day 2 and decreased on day 7. At day 7 islet insulin content decreased and the proinsulin to insulin content ratio doubled. Amounts of cholesterol, stearic acid, C16 dihydroceramide and C24:1 sphingomyelin, obtained from the lipidomic screen, increased time-dependently in the palmitate-exposed islets. The proteomic screen identified matching changes in proteins involved in lipid biosynthesis indicating up-regulated cholesterol and lipid biosynthesis in the islets. Furthermore, proteins associated with immature secretory granules were decreased when palmitate exposure time was increased despite their high affinity for cholesterol. Proteins associated with mature secretory granules remained unchanged. Pathway analysis based on the protein and lipid expression profiles implicated autocrine effects of insulin in lipotoxicity. Taken together the study demonstrates that combining different omics approaches has potential in mapping of multiple simultaneous cellular events. However, it also shows that challenges exist for effectively combining lipidomics and proteomics in primary cells. Our findings provide insight into how saturated fatty acids contribute to islet cell dysfunction by affecting the granule maturation process and confirmation in human islets of some previous findings from rodent islet and cell-line studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Roomp
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Domitille Schvartz
- Human Protein Sciences Department, Centre Médical Universitaire, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kumari Ubhayasekera
- Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ernest Sargsyan
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Levon Manukyan
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Azazul Chowdhury
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hannes Manell
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Venkata Satagopam
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
| | | | - Reinhard Schneider
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jean-Charles Sanchez
- Human Protein Sciences Department, Centre Médical Universitaire, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Peter Bergsten
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Templeman NM, Skovsø S, Page MM, Lim GE, Johnson JD. A causal role for hyperinsulinemia in obesity. J Endocrinol 2017; 232:R173-R183. [PMID: 28052999 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Insulin modulates the biochemical pathways controlling lipid uptake, lipolysis and lipogenesis at multiple levels. Elevated insulin levels are associated with obesity, and conversely, dietary and pharmacological manipulations that reduce insulin have occasionally been reported to cause weight loss. However, the causal role of insulin hypersecretion in the development of mammalian obesity remained controversial in the absence of direct loss-of-function experiments. Here, we discuss theoretical considerations around the causal role of excess insulin for obesity, as well as recent studies employing mice that are genetically incapable of the rapid and sustained hyperinsulinemia that normally accompanies a high-fat diet. We also discuss new evidence demonstrating that modest reductions in circulating insulin prevent weight gain, with sustained effects that can persist after insulin levels normalize. Importantly, evidence from long-term studies reveals that a modest reduction in circulating insulin is not associated with impaired glucose homeostasis, meaning that body weight and lipid homeostasis are actually more sensitive to small changes in circulating insulin than glucose homeostasis in these models. Collectively, the evidence from new studies on genetic loss-of-function models forces a re-evaluation of current paradigms related to obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes. The potential for translation of these findings to humans is briefly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Templeman
- Department of Cellular and Physiological SciencesDiabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Søs Skovsø
- Department of Cellular and Physiological SciencesDiabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Melissa M Page
- Department of Cellular and Physiological SciencesDiabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gareth E Lim
- Department of Cellular and Physiological SciencesDiabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - James D Johnson
- Department of Cellular and Physiological SciencesDiabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Institute for Personalized Therapeutic NutritionVancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wang S, Xu L, Lu YT, Liu YF, Han B, Liu T, Tang J, Li J, Wu J, Li JY, Yu LF, Yang F. Discovery of benzofuran-3(2H)-one derivatives as novel DRAK2 inhibitors that protect islet β-cells from apoptosis. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 130:195-208. [PMID: 28249207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Death-associated protein kinase-related apoptosis-inducing kinase-2 (DRAK2) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a key role in a wide variety of cell death signaling pathways. Inhibition of DRAK2 was found to efficiently protect islet β-cells from apoptosis and hence DRAK2 inhibitors represent a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of diabetes. Only very few chemical entities targeting DRAK2 are currently known. We carried out a high throughput screening and identified compound 4 as a moderate DRAK2 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 3.15 μM. Subsequent SAR studies of hit compound 4 led to the development of novel benzofuran-3(2H)-one series of DRAK2 inhibitors with improved potency and favorable selectivity profiles against 26 selected kinases. Importantly, most potent compounds 40 (IC50 = 0.33 μM) and 41 (IC50 = 0.25 μM) were found to protect islet β-cells from apoptosis in dose-dependent manners. These data support the notion that small molecule inhibitors of DRAK2 represents a promising strategy for the treatment of diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Chinese National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Guoshoujing Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu-Ting Lu
- Chinese National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Guoshoujing Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu-Fei Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Bing Han
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cardiovascular Research, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue St-Denis, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ting Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jia Li
- Chinese National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Guoshoujing Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiangping Wu
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cardiovascular Research, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue St-Denis, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Jing-Ya Li
- Chinese National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Guoshoujing Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Li-Fang Yu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Fan Yang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang Y, Qian Y, Fang Q, Zhong P, Li W, Wang L, Fu W, Zhang Y, Xu Z, Li X, Liang G. Saturated palmitic acid induces myocardial inflammatory injuries through direct binding to TLR4 accessory protein MD2. Nat Commun 2017; 8:13997. [PMID: 28045026 PMCID: PMC5216130 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk for a number of diseases including cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Excess saturated fatty acids (SFAs) in obesity play a significant role in cardiovascular diseases by activating innate immunity responses. However, the mechanisms by which SFAs activate the innate immune system are not fully known. Here we report that palmitic acid (PA), the most abundant circulating SFA, induces myocardial inflammatory injury through the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) accessory protein MD2 in mouse and cell culture experimental models. Md2 knockout mice are protected against PA- and high-fat diet-induced myocardial injury. Studies of cell surface binding, cell-free protein–protein interactions and molecular docking simulations indicate that PA directly binds to MD2, supporting a mechanism by which PA activates TLR4 and downstream inflammatory responses. We conclude that PA is a crucial contributor to obesity-associated myocardial injury, which is likely regulated via its direct binding to MD2. The free fatty acid-mediated inflammatory activities are regulated through TLR4. Here the authors show that palmitic acid binds to MD2, initiating complex formation with TLR4, recruitment of MyD88, and subsequent activation of pro-inflammatory molecules, and that MD2 blockade protects against diet-induced cardiac dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qian
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Qilu Fang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Peng Zhong
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Weixin Li
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Lintao Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Weitao Fu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| |
Collapse
|