1
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Tobin AB. A golden age of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulation in neurological diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2024; 23:743-758. [PMID: 39143241 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-024-01007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Over the past 40 years, the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor family, particularly the M1-receptor and M4-receptor subtypes, have emerged as validated targets for the symptomatic treatment of neurological diseases such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer disease. However, despite considerable effort and investment, no drugs have yet gained clinical approval. This is largely attributable to cholinergic adverse effects that have halted the majority of programmes and resulted in a waning of interest in these G-protein-coupled receptor targets. Recently, this trend has been reversed. Driven by advances in structure-based drug design and an appreciation of the optimal pharmacological properties necessary to deliver clinical efficacy while minimizing adverse effects, a new generation of M1-receptor and M4-receptor orthosteric agonists and positive allosteric modulators are now entering the clinic. These agents offer the prospect of novel therapeutic solutions for 'hard to treat' neurological diseases, heralding a new era of muscarinic drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Tobin
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, School of Molecular Biosciences, The Advanced Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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2
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Nunes EJ, Addy NA, Conn PJ, Foster DJ. Targeting the Actions of Muscarinic Receptors on Dopamine Systems: New Strategies for Treating Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 64:277-289. [PMID: 37552895 PMCID: PMC10841102 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-051921-023858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Cholinergic regulation of dopamine (DA) signaling has significant implications for numerous disorders, including schizophrenia, substance use disorders, and mood-related disorders. The activity of midbrain DA neurons and DA release patterns in terminal regions are tightly regulated by cholinergic neurons found in both the striatum and the hindbrain. These cholinergic neurons can modulate DA circuitry by activating numerous receptors, including muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) subtypes. This review specifically focuses on the complex role of M2, M4, and M5 mAChR subtypes in regulating DA neuron activity and DA release and the potential clinical implications of targeting these mAChR subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Nunes
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nii A Addy
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, and Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology and Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daniel J Foster
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA;
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3
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Millard M, Kilian J, Ozenil M, Mogeritsch M, Schwingenschlögl-Maisetschläger V, Holzer W, Hacker M, Langer T, Pichler V. Design, synthesis and preclinical evaluation of muscarine receptor antagonists via a scaffold-hopping approach. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 262:115891. [PMID: 37897926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Our research group recently identified a rearrangement product of pirenzepine as starting point for a comprehensive rational drug design approach towards orthosteric muscarinic acetylcholine receptor ligands. Chemical reduction and bioscaffold hop lead to the development of sixteen promising compounds featuring either a benzimidazole or carbamate moiety, all exhibiting comparable pharmacophoric characteristics. The synthesized compounds were characterized by NMR, HR-MS, and RP-HPLC techniques. Subsequent evaluation encompassed binding affinity assessment on CHO-hM1-5 cells, mode of action determination, and analysis of physico-chemical parameters. The CNS MPO score indicated favorable drug-like attributes and potential CNS activity for the antagonistic ligands. The most promising compounds displayed Ki-values within a desirable low nanomolar range, and their structural features allow for potential carbon-11 radiolabeling. Our optimization efforts resulted in compounds with a remarkable 138-fold increase in binding affinity compared to the previously mentioned rearrangement product towards human M5, suggesting their prospective utility in positron emission tomography applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon Millard
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jonas Kilian
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Vienna Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marius Ozenil
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mariella Mogeritsch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Schwingenschlögl-Maisetschläger
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Vienna Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Pichler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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4
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Zell V, Teuns G, Needham AS, Mukherjee S, Roscoe N, Le M, Fourgeaud L, Woodruff G, Bhattacharya A, Marella M, Bonaventure P, Drevets WC, Balana B. Characterization of Selective M 5 Acetylcholine Muscarinic Receptor Modulators on Dopamine Signaling in the Striatum. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 387:226-234. [PMID: 37679045 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The type-5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR, M5) is almost exclusively expressed in dopamine (DA) neurons of the ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra pars compacta; therefore, they are ideally located to modulate DA signaling and underlying behaviors. However, the role of M5 in shaping DA release is still poorly characterized. In this study, we first quantitatively mapped the expression of M5 in different neurons of the mouse midbrain, then used voltammetry in mouse striatum to evaluate the effect of M5-selective modulators on DA release. The M5 negative allosteric modulator ML375 significantly decreased electrically evoked DA release and blocked the effect of Oxotremorine-M (Oxo-M; nonselective mAChR agonist) on DA release in the presence of an acetylcholine nicotinic receptor blocker. Conversely, the M5 positive allosteric modulator VU 0365114 significantly increased electrically evoked DA release and the Oxo-M effect on DA release. We then assessed M5's impact on mesolimbic circuit function in vivo. Although psychostimulant-induced locomotor activity models in knockout mice have previously been used to characterize the role of M5 in DA transmission, the results of these studies conflict, leading us to select a different in vivo model, namely a cocaine self-administration paradigm. In contrast to a previous study that also used this model, in the current study, administration of ML375 did not decrease cocaine self-administration in rats (using fixed and progressive ratio). These conflicting results illustrate the complexity of M5 modulation and the need to further characterize its involvement in the regulation of dopamine signaling, central to multiple neuropsychiatric diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This work describes the type-5 muscarinic receptor (M5) pattern of expression within the midbrain as well as its physiological modulation by selective compounds at the axon terminal level in the striatum, where M5 directly shapes dopamine transmission. It offers the first direct readout of mesolimbic dopamine release modulation by M5, highlighting its role in regulating neurocircuits implicated in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders such as substance use disorders, major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Zell
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, La Jolla, California (V.Z., A.S.N., S.M., N.R., M.L., L.F., G.W., A.B., M.M., P.B., W.C.D., B.B.) and Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Beerse, Belgium (G.T.)
| | - Greetje Teuns
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, La Jolla, California (V.Z., A.S.N., S.M., N.R., M.L., L.F., G.W., A.B., M.M., P.B., W.C.D., B.B.) and Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Beerse, Belgium (G.T.)
| | - Alexandra Stormy Needham
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, La Jolla, California (V.Z., A.S.N., S.M., N.R., M.L., L.F., G.W., A.B., M.M., P.B., W.C.D., B.B.) and Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Beerse, Belgium (G.T.)
| | - Sruti Mukherjee
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, La Jolla, California (V.Z., A.S.N., S.M., N.R., M.L., L.F., G.W., A.B., M.M., P.B., W.C.D., B.B.) and Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Beerse, Belgium (G.T.)
| | - Nathaniel Roscoe
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, La Jolla, California (V.Z., A.S.N., S.M., N.R., M.L., L.F., G.W., A.B., M.M., P.B., W.C.D., B.B.) and Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Beerse, Belgium (G.T.)
| | - Michelle Le
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, La Jolla, California (V.Z., A.S.N., S.M., N.R., M.L., L.F., G.W., A.B., M.M., P.B., W.C.D., B.B.) and Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Beerse, Belgium (G.T.)
| | - Lawrence Fourgeaud
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, La Jolla, California (V.Z., A.S.N., S.M., N.R., M.L., L.F., G.W., A.B., M.M., P.B., W.C.D., B.B.) and Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Beerse, Belgium (G.T.)
| | - Grace Woodruff
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, La Jolla, California (V.Z., A.S.N., S.M., N.R., M.L., L.F., G.W., A.B., M.M., P.B., W.C.D., B.B.) and Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Beerse, Belgium (G.T.)
| | - Anindya Bhattacharya
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, La Jolla, California (V.Z., A.S.N., S.M., N.R., M.L., L.F., G.W., A.B., M.M., P.B., W.C.D., B.B.) and Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Beerse, Belgium (G.T.)
| | - Mathieu Marella
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, La Jolla, California (V.Z., A.S.N., S.M., N.R., M.L., L.F., G.W., A.B., M.M., P.B., W.C.D., B.B.) and Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Beerse, Belgium (G.T.)
| | - Pascal Bonaventure
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, La Jolla, California (V.Z., A.S.N., S.M., N.R., M.L., L.F., G.W., A.B., M.M., P.B., W.C.D., B.B.) and Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Beerse, Belgium (G.T.)
| | - Wayne C Drevets
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, La Jolla, California (V.Z., A.S.N., S.M., N.R., M.L., L.F., G.W., A.B., M.M., P.B., W.C.D., B.B.) and Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Beerse, Belgium (G.T.)
| | - Bartosz Balana
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, La Jolla, California (V.Z., A.S.N., S.M., N.R., M.L., L.F., G.W., A.B., M.M., P.B., W.C.D., B.B.) and Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Beerse, Belgium (G.T.)
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5
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Sinha AK, Lee C, Holt JC. Elucidating the role of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) signaling in efferent mediated responses of vestibular afferents in mammals. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.31.549902. [PMID: 37577578 PMCID: PMC10418111 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.31.549902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The peripheral vestibular system detects head position and movement through activation of vestibular hair cells (HCs) in vestibular end organs. HCs transmit this information to the CNS by way of primary vestibular afferent neurons. The CNS, in turn, modulates HCs and afferents via the efferent vestibular system (EVS) through activation of cholinergic signaling mechanisms. In mice, we previously demonstrated that activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs), during EVS stimulation, gives rise to a slow excitation that takes seconds to peak and tens of seconds to decay back to baseline. This slow excitation is mimicked by muscarine and ablated by the non-selective mAChR blockers scopolamine, atropine, and glycopyrrolate. While five distinct mAChRs (M1-M5) exist, the subtype(s) driving EVS-mediated slow excitation remain unidentified and details on how these mAChRs alter vestibular function is not well understood. The objective of this study is to characterize which mAChR subtypes drive the EVS-mediated slow excitation, and how their activation impacts vestibular physiology and behavior. In C57Bl/6J mice, M3mAChR antagonists were more potent at blocking slow excitation than M1mAChR antagonists, while M2/M4 blockers were ineffective. While unchanged in M2/M4mAChR double KO mice, EVS-mediated slow excitation in M3 mAChR-KO animals were reduced or absent in irregular afferents but appeared unchanged in regular afferents. In agreement, vestibular sensory-evoked potentials (VsEP), known to be predominantly generated from irregular afferents, were significantly less enhanced by mAChR activation in M3mAChR-KO mice compared to controls. Finally, M3mAChR-KO mice display distinct behavioral phenotypes in open field activity, and thermal profiles, and balance beam and forced swim test. M3mAChRs mediate efferent-mediated slow excitation in irregular afferents, while M1mAChRs may drive the same process in regular afferents.
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6
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McNally GP, Jean-Richard-Dit-Bressel P, Millan EZ, Lawrence AJ. Pathways to the persistence of drug use despite its adverse consequences. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2228-2237. [PMID: 36997610 PMCID: PMC10611585 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
The persistence of drug taking despite its adverse consequences plays a central role in the presentation, diagnosis, and impacts of addiction. Eventual recognition and appraisal of these adverse consequences is central to decisions to reduce or cease use. However, the most appropriate ways of conceptualizing persistence in the face of adverse consequences remain unclear. Here we review evidence that there are at least three pathways to persistent use despite the negative consequences of that use. A cognitive pathway for recognition of adverse consequences, a motivational pathway for valuation of these consequences, and a behavioral pathway for responding to these adverse consequences. These pathways are dynamic, not linear, with multiple possible trajectories between them, and each is sufficient to produce persistence. We describe these pathways, their characteristics, brain cellular and circuit substrates, and we highlight their relevance to different pathways to self- and treatment-guided behavior change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavan P McNally
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | | | - E Zayra Millan
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Andrew J Lawrence
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
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7
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Littlepage-Saunders M, Hochstein MJ, Chang DS, Johnson KA. G protein-coupled receptor modulation of striatal dopamine transmission: Implications for psychoactive drug effects. Br J Pharmacol 2023:10.1111/bph.16151. [PMID: 37258878 PMCID: PMC10687321 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine transmission in the striatum is a critical mediator of the rewarding and reinforcing effects of commonly misused psychoactive drugs. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that bind a variety of neuromodulators including dopamine, endocannabinoids, acetylcholine and endogenous opioid peptides regulate dopamine release by acting on several components of dopaminergic circuitry. Striatal dopamine release can be driven by both somatic action potential firing and local mechanisms that depend on acetylcholine released from striatal cholinergic interneurons. GPCRs that primarily regulate somatic firing of dopamine neurons via direct effects or modulation of synaptic inputs are likely to affect distinct aspects of behaviour and psychoactive drug actions compared with those GPCRs that primarily regulate local acetylcholine-dependent dopamine release in striatal regions. This review will highlight mechanisms by which GPCRs modulate dopaminergic transmission and the relevance of these findings to psychoactive drug effects on physiology and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mydirah Littlepage-Saunders
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael J Hochstein
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Doris S Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kari A Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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8
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Gheidi A, Fitzpatrick CJ, Gregory JD, Morrow JD. Nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonism dose-dependently decreases sign- but not goal-tracking behavior in male rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:871-880. [PMID: 36795109 PMCID: PMC10599605 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Acetylcholinergic antagonists have shown some promise in reducing addiction-related behaviors in both preclinical and clinical studies. However, the psychological mechanisms by which these drugs are able to affect addictive behavior remain unclear. A particular key process for the development of addiction is the attribution of incentive salience to reward-related cues, which can be specifically measured in animals using a Pavlovian conditioned approach procedure. When confronted with a lever that predicts food delivery, some rats engage with the lever directly (i.e., they sign track), indicating attribution of incentive-motivational properties to the lever itself. In contrast, others treat the lever as a predictive cue and approach the location of impending food delivery (i.e., they goal track), without treating the lever itself as a reward. OBJECTIVES We tested whether systemic antagonism of the either nicotinic or muscarinic acetylcholine receptors would selectively affect sign- or goal-tracking behavior, indicating a selective effect on incentive salience attribution. METHODS A total of 98 male Sprague Dawley rats were either given the muscarinic antagonist scopolamine (100, 50, or 10 µg/kg i.p.) or the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine (0.3, 1.0, or 3 mg/kg i.p.) before being trained on a Pavlovian conditioned approach procedure. RESULTS Scopolamine dose-dependently decreased sign tracking behavior and increased goal-tracking behavior. Mecamylamine reduced sign-tracking but did not affect goal-tracking behavior. CONCLUSIONS Antagonism of either muscarinic or nicotinic acetylcholine receptors can reduce incentive sign-tracking behavior in male rats. This effect appears to be specifically due to a reduction in incentive salience attribution since goal-tracking either increased or was not affected by these manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Gheidi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University, Macon, USA
| | | | - Jordan D Gregory
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Jonathan D Morrow
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
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9
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Teal LB, Bubser M, Duncan E, Gould RW, Lindsley CW, Jones CK. Selective M 5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor negative allosteric modulator VU6008667 blocks acquisition of opioid self-administration. Neuropharmacology 2023; 227:109424. [PMID: 36720403 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that inhibition of the M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) may provide a novel non-opioid mechanism for the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD). Previous studies from our group and others have demonstrated that acute administration of the long-acting M5 negative allosteric modulator (NAM) ML375 attenuates established self-administration of cocaine, ethanol, oxycodone, and remifentanil in rats. In the present study, we characterized the effects of acute and repeated administration of the novel, short-acting M5 NAM VU6008667 on the reinforcing effects of oxycodone and reinstatement of oxycodone-seeking behaviors in male Sprague-Dawley rats, as well as on physiological withdrawal from oxycodone. Acute VU6008667 decreased oxycodone self-administration under both fixed ratio 3 (FR3) and progressive ratio (PR) schedules of reinforcement and attenuated cue-induced reinstatement of lever pressing following extinction from oxycodone self-administration, a commonly used relapse model. When administered daily to opioid-naïve rats, VU6008667 prevented acquisition of oxycodone self-administration behavior. VU6008667 had minimal effects on naloxone-precipitated withdrawal. After acute administration, VU6008667 did not inhibit sucrose self-administration and, when given chronically, delayed but did not prevent acquisition of sucrose maintained self-administration. VU6008667 also did not impact oxycodone induced anti-nociception or motor coordination, but mildly decreased novelty exploration. Finally, acute or daily VU6008667 administration did not impair cued fear conditioning. Overall, these results suggest that inhibition of the M5 mAChR may provide a novel, non-opioid based treatment for distinct aspects of OUD by inhibiting opioid intake in established OUD, reducing relapse during abstinence, and by reducing the risk of developing OUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Teal
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Michael Bubser
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Edith Duncan
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Robert W Gould
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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10
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Orsi DL, Felts AS, Rodriguez AL, Vinson PN, Cho HP, Chang S, Blobaum AL, Niswender CM, Conn PJ, Jones CK, Lindsley CW, Han C. Discovery of a potent M 5 antagonist with improved clearance profile. Part 2: Pyrrolidine amide-based antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 78:129021. [PMID: 36228968 PMCID: PMC10938303 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.129021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This Letter describes our ongoing effort to improve the clearance of selective M5 antagonists. Herein, we report the replacement of the previously disclosed piperidine amide (4, disclosed in Part 1) with a pyrrolidine amide core. Several compounds within this series provided good potency, subtype selectivity, and low to moderate clearance profiles. Interestingly, the left-hand side SAR for this series diverged from our earlier efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas L Orsi
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Andrew S Felts
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alice L Rodriguez
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Paige N Vinson
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hyekyung P Cho
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sichen Chang
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Anna L Blobaum
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Changho Han
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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11
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Capstick RA, Whomble D, Orsi DL, Felts AS, Rodriguez AL, Vinson PN, Chang S, Blobaum AL, Niswender CM, Conn PJ, Jones CK, Lindsley CW, Han C. Discovery of a potent M 5 antagonist with improved clearance profile. Part 1: Piperidine amide-based antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 76:128988. [PMID: 36113671 PMCID: PMC10939060 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The lack of potent and selective tool compounds with pharmaceutically favorable properties limits the in vivo understanding of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype 5 (M5) biology. Previously, we presented a highly potent and selective M5 antagonist VU6019650 with a suboptimal clearance profile as our second-generation tool compound. Herein, we disclose our ongoing efforts to generate next-generation M5 antagonists with improved clearance profiles. A mix and match approach between VU6019650 (lead) and VU0500325 (HTS hit) generated a piperidine amide-based novel M5 antagonist series. Several analogs within this series, including 29f, provided good on-target potency with improved clearance profiles, though room for improvement remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory A Capstick
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - David Whomble
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Douglas L Orsi
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Andrew S Felts
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alice L Rodriguez
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Paige N Vinson
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sichen Chang
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Anna L Blobaum
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Changho Han
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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12
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Garrison AT, Orsi DL, Capstick RA, Whomble D, Li J, Carter TR, Felts AS, Vinson PN, Rodriguez AL, Han A, Hajari K, Cho HP, Teal LB, Ragland MG, Ghamari-Langroudi M, Bubser M, Chang S, Schnetz-Boutaud NC, Boutaud O, Blobaum AL, Foster DJ, Niswender CM, Conn PJ, Lindsley CW, Jones CK, Han C. Development of VU6019650: A Potent, Highly Selective, and Systemically Active Orthosteric Antagonist of the M 5 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor for the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder. J Med Chem 2022; 65:6273-6286. [PMID: 35417155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) subtype 5 (M5) represents a novel potential target for the treatment of multiple addictive disorders, including opioid use disorder. Through chemical optimization of several functional high-throughput screening hits, VU6019650 (27b) was identified as a novel M5 orthosteric antagonist with high potency (human M5 IC50 = 36 nM), M5 subtype selectivity (>100-fold selectivity against human M1-4) and favorable physicochemical properties for systemic dosing in preclinical addiction models. In acute brain slice electrophysiology studies, 27b blocked the nonselective muscarinic agonist oxotremorine-M-induced increases in neuronal firing rates of midbrain dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area, a part of the mesolimbic dopaminergic reward circuitry. Moreover, 27b also inhibited oxycodone self-administration in male Sprague-Dawley rats within a dose range that did not impair general motor output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Garrison
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Douglas L Orsi
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Rory A Capstick
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - David Whomble
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Jinming Li
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Trever R Carter
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Andrew S Felts
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Paige N Vinson
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Alice L Rodriguez
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Allie Han
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Krishma Hajari
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Hyekyung P Cho
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Laura B Teal
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Madeline G Ragland
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Masoud Ghamari-Langroudi
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Michael Bubser
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Sichen Chang
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Nathalie C Schnetz-Boutaud
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Olivier Boutaud
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Anna L Blobaum
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Daniel J Foster
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Changho Han
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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13
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Walker LC, Campbell EJ, Huckstep KL, Chen NA, Langmead CJ, Lawrence AJ. M 1 muscarinic receptor activation decreases alcohol consumption via a reduction in consummatory behavior. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 10:e00907. [PMID: 34962108 PMCID: PMC8929368 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) have been shown to mediate alcohol consumption and seeking. Both M4 and M5 mAChRs have been highlighted as potential novel treatment targets for alcohol use disorders (AUD). Similarly, M1 mAChRs are expressed throughout reward circuitry, and their signaling has been implicated in cocaine consumption. However, whether the same effects are seen for alcohol consumption, or whether natural reward intake is inadvertently impacted is still unknown. To determine the role of M1 mAChRs in alcohol consumption, we tested operant self-administration of alcohol under both fixed ratio (FR3) and progressive ratio (PR3-4) schedules. Enhancing M1 mAChR signaling (via the M1 PAM-Agonist PF-06767832, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) reduced operant alcohol consumption on a fixed schedule but had no effect on motivation to acquire alcohol. To determine whether these actions were specific to alcohol, we examined the effects of M1 enhancement on natural reward (sucrose) self-administration. Systemic administration of PF-06767832 (1 mg/kg, i.p.) also reduced operant sucrose self-administration, suggesting the actions of the M1 receptor may be non-selective across drug and natural rewards. Finally, to understand whether this reduction extended to natural consummatory behaviors, we assessed home cage standard chow and water consumption. M1 enhancement via systemic PF-06767832 administration reduced food and water consumption. Together our results suggest the M1 PAM-agonist, PF-06767832, non-specifically reduces consummatory behaviors that are not associated with motivational strength for the reward. These data highlight the need to further characterize M1 agonists, PAMs, and PAM-agonists, which may have varying degrees of utility in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders including AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh C. Walker
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthParkvilleAustralia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
| | - Erin J. Campbell
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthParkvilleAustralia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
| | - Kate L. Huckstep
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthParkvilleAustralia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
| | - Nicola A. Chen
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthParkvilleAustralia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
| | - Christopher J. Langmead
- Drug Discovery BiologyMonash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Andrew J. Lawrence
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthParkvilleAustralia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
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14
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Burger WAC, Gentry PR, Berizzi AE, Vuckovic Z, van der Westhuizen ET, Thompson G, Yeasmin M, Lindsley CW, Sexton PM, Langmead CJ, Tobin AB, Christopoulos A, Valant C, Thal DM. Identification of a Novel Allosteric Site at the M 5 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:3112-3123. [PMID: 34351123 PMCID: PMC7616173 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) has emerged as an exciting therapeutic target for the treatment of addiction and behavioral disorders. This has been in part due to promising preclinical studies with the M5 mAChR selective negative allosteric modulator (NAM), ML375. The binding site of ML375 remains unknown, however, making it difficult to develop improved M5 mAChR selective modulators. To determine the possible location of the ML375 binding site, we used radioligand binding and functional assays to show that ML375 does not interact with the well-characterized "common" mAChR allosteric site located in the receptor's extracellular vestibule, nor a previously proposed second allosteric site recognized by the modulator, amiodarone. Molecular docking was used to predict potential allosteric sites within the transmembrane (TM) domain of the M5 mAChR. These predicted sites were assessed using M5-M2 mAChR receptor chimeras and further targeted with site-directed mutagenesis, which enabled the identification of a putative binding site for ML375 at the interface of TMs 2-4. Collectively, these results identify a third allosteric site at the M5 mAChR and highlight the ability of allosteric modulators to selectively target highly conserved proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wessel A C Burger
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Patrick R Gentry
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Alice E Berizzi
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ziva Vuckovic
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Emma T van der Westhuizen
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Geoff Thompson
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Mahmuda Yeasmin
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher J Langmead
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew B Tobin
- The Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Celine Valant
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - David M Thal
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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15
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Walker LC, Huckstep KL, Chen NA, Hand LJ, Lindsley CW, Langmead CJ, Lawrence AJ. Muscarinic M 4 and M 5 receptors in the ventral subiculum differentially modulate alcohol seeking versus consumption in male alcohol-preferring rats. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:3730-3746. [PMID: 33942300 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors mediate alcohol consumption and seeking in rats. While M4 and M5 receptors have recently been implicated to mediate these behaviours in the striatum, their role in other brain regions remain unknown. The ventral tegmental area (VTA) and ventral subiculum (vSub) both densely express M4 and M5 receptors and modulate alcohol-seeking, via their projections to the nucleus accumbens shell (AcbSh). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In Indiana alcohol-preferring (iP) male rats, we examined Chrm4 (M4 ) and Chrm5 (M5 ) expression in the VTA and vSub following long-term alcohol consumption and abstinence using RT-qPCR. Using a combination of retrograde tracing and RNAscope, we examined the localisation of Chrm4 and Chrm5 on vSub cells that project to the AcbSh. Using selective allosteric modulators, we examined the functional role of M4 and M5 receptors within the vSub in alcohol consumption, context-induced alcohol-seeking, locomotor activity, and food/water consumption. KEY RESULTS Long-term alcohol and abstinence dysregulated the expression of genes for muscarinic receptors in the vSub, not in the VTA. Chrm4 was down-regulated following long-term alcohol and abstinence, while Chrm5 was up-regulated following long-term alcohol consumption. Consistent with these data, a positive allosteric modulator (VU0467154) of intra-vSub M4 receptors reduced context-induced alcohol-seeking, but not motivation for alcohol self-administration, while M5 receptor negative allosteric modulator (ML375) reduced initial motivation for alcohol self-administration, but not context-induced alcohol-seeking. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Collectively, our data highlight alcohol-induced cholinergic dysregulation in the vSub and distinct roles for M4 and M5 receptor allosteric modulators to reduce alcohol consumption or seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh C Walker
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate L Huckstep
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicola A Chen
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lexi J Hand
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Christopher J Langmead
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew J Lawrence
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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16
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Foster DJ, Bryant ZK, Conn PJ. Targeting muscarinic receptors to treat schizophrenia. Behav Brain Res 2021; 405:113201. [PMID: 33647377 PMCID: PMC8006961 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by a diverse range of symptoms that can have profound impacts on the lives of patients. Currently available antipsychotics target dopamine receptors, and while they are useful for ameliorating the positive symptoms of the disorder, this approach often does not significantly improve negative and cognitive symptoms. Excitingly, preclinical and clinical research suggests that targeting specific muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes could provide more comprehensive symptomatic relief with the potential to ameliorate numerous symptom domains. Mechanistic studies reveal that M1, M4, and M5 receptor subtypes can modulate the specific brain circuits and physiology that are disrupted in schizophrenia and are thought to underlie positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms. Novel therapeutic strategies for targeting these receptors are now advancing in clinical and preclinical development and expand upon the promise of these new treatment strategies to potentially provide more comprehensive relief than currently available antipsychotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Foster
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States
| | - Zoey K Bryant
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States.
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17
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Loftén A, Adermark L, Ericson M, Söderpalm B. An acetylcholine-dopamine interaction in the nucleus accumbens and its involvement in ethanol's dopamine-releasing effect. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12959. [PMID: 32789970 PMCID: PMC8244087 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder is a chronic, relapsing brain disorder causing substantial morbidity and mortality. Cholinergic interneurons (CIN) within the nucleus accumbens (nAc) have been suggested to exert a regulatory impact on dopamine (DA) neurotransmission locally, and defects in CIN have been implied in several psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of CIN in regulation of basal extracellular levels of DA and in modulation of nAc DA release following ethanol administration locally within the nAc of male Wistar rats. Using reversed in vivo microdialysis, the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine was administered locally in the nAc followed by addition of either the muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor antagonist scopolamine or the nicotinic ACh receptor antagonist mecamylamine. Further, ethanol was locally perfused in the nAc following pretreatment with scopolamine and/or mecamylamine. Lastly, ethanol was administered locally into the nAc of animals with accumbal CIN‐ablation induced by anticholine acetyl transferase‐saporin. Physostigmine increased accumbal DA levels via activation of muscarinic ACh receptors. Neither scopolamine and/or mecamylamine nor CIN‐ablation altered basal DA levels, suggesting that extracellular DA levels are not tonically controlled by ACh in the nAc. In contrast, ethanol‐induced DA elevation was prevented following coadministration of scopolamine and mecamylamine and blunted in CIN‐ablated animals, suggesting involvement of CIN‐ACh in ethanol‐mediated DA signaling. The data presented in this study suggest that basal extracellular levels of DA within the nAc are not sustained by ACh, whereas accumbal CIN‐ACh is involved in mediating ethanol‐induced DA release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Loftén
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Beroendekliniken Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Louise Adermark
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Mia Ericson
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Bo Söderpalm
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Beroendekliniken Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
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18
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Morley KC, Perry CJ, Watt J, Hurzeler T, Leggio L, Lawrence AJ, Haber P. New approved and emerging pharmacological approaches to alcohol use disorder: a review of clinical studies. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 22:1291-1303. [PMID: 33615945 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1892641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
introduction: The number of medications approved for AUD is small and they generally have limited efficacy. We need new pharmacotherapies for the management of AUD.Areas covered: In this review, the authors aim to synthesise literature for new approved and emerging pharmacotherapies for AUD. Recently approved medications include nalmefene, which was approved in Europe and Australia for the purposes of controlled drinking. Baclofen has also been approved in France but not in other countries. Off label medications including topiramate and gabapentin have received significant attention with multiple RCTs and meta-analyses and have widespread use in several countries including the USA. Several novel medications have emerged over the last decade but further work is required to determine their efficacy and safety for the widespread management of AUD.Expert opinion: Despite significant advances in our understanding of the neurobiological basis of factors that contribute to the development and maintenance of AUD, there have been few new AUD medications approved for almost 20 years. There are many challenges to the development and introduction of new pharmacotherapies for AUD. Strategies for improving the translational pipeline include drug repurposing and utilisation of human acute laboratory models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten C Morley
- Central Clinical School, Sydney School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Edith Collins Centre (Alcohol, Drugs and Toxicology), Sydney Local Health District, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Christina J Perry
- University of Melbourne, Mental Health Theme, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
| | - Joshua Watt
- Edith Collins Centre (Alcohol, Drugs and Toxicology), Sydney Local Health District, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Tristan Hurzeler
- Central Clinical School, Sydney School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore and Bethesda, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, USA.,Medication Development Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Andrew J Lawrence
- University of Melbourne, Mental Health Theme, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia.,Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - Paul Haber
- Central Clinical School, Sydney School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Edith Collins Centre (Alcohol, Drugs and Toxicology), Sydney Local Health District, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Division of Addiction Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
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19
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Walker LC, Berizzi AE, Chen NA, Rueda P, Perreau VM, Huckstep K, Srisontiyakul J, Govitrapong P, Xiaojian J, Lindsley CW, Jones CK, Riddy DM, Christopoulos A, Langmead CJ, Lawrence AJ. Acetylcholine Muscarinic M 4 Receptors as a Therapeutic Target for Alcohol Use Disorder: Converging Evidence From Humans and Rodents. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 88:898-909. [PMID: 32331824 PMCID: PMC11390032 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a major socioeconomic burden on society, and current pharmacotherapeutic treatment options are inadequate. Aberrant alcohol use and seeking alters frontostriatal function. METHODS We performed genome-wide RNA sequencing and subsequent quantitative polymerase chain reaction and receptor binding validation in the caudate-putamen of human AUD samples to identify potential therapeutic targets. We then back-translated our top candidate targets into a rodent model of long-term alcohol consumption to assess concordance of molecular adaptations in the rat striatum. Finally, we adopted rat behavioral models of alcohol intake and seeking to validate a potential therapeutic target. RESULTS We found that G protein-coupled receptors were the top canonical pathway differentially regulated in individuals with AUD. The M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) was downregulated at the gene and protein levels in the putamen, but not in the caudate, of AUD samples. We found concordant downregulation of the M4 mAChR, specifically on dopamine D1 receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons in the rat dorsolateral striatum. Systemic administration of the selective M4 mAChR positive allosteric modulator, VU0467154, reduced home cage and operant alcohol self-administration, motivation to obtain alcohol, and cue-induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking in rats. Local microinjections of VU0467154 in the rat dorsolateral striatum reduced alcohol self-administration and cue-induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results identify the M4 mAChR as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of AUD and the D1 receptor-positive medium spiny neurons in the dorsolateral striatum as a key site mediating the actions of M4 mAChR in relation to alcohol consumption and seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh C Walker
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alice E Berizzi
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicola A Chen
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patricia Rueda
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Victoria M Perreau
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine Huckstep
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jirawoot Srisontiyakul
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Jia Xiaojian
- Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience and Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience and Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience and Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience and Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Darren M Riddy
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher J Langmead
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Andrew J Lawrence
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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20
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Perry CJ, Lawrence AJ. An imperfect model is still useful. Addiction 2020; 115:14-16. [PMID: 31496025 DOI: 10.1111/add.14790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina J Perry
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J Lawrence
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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21
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Walker LC, Lawrence AJ. Allosteric modulation of muscarinic receptors in alcohol and substance use disorders. FROM STRUCTURE TO CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT: ALLOSTERIC MODULATION OF G PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS 2020; 88:233-275. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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22
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Abstract
The 5 subtypes of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are expressed throughout the central and peripheral nervous system where they play a vital role in physiology and pathologies. Recently, the M5 mAChR subtype has emerged as an exciting drug target for the treatment of drug addiction. We have determined the atomic structure of the M5 mAChR bound to the clinically used inverse agonist tiotropium. The M5 mAChR structure now allows for a full comparison of all 5 mAChR subtypes and reveals that small differences in the extracellular loop regions can mediate orthosteric and allosteric ligand selectivity. Together, these findings open the door for future structure-based design of selective drugs that target this therapeutically important class of receptors. The human M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) has recently emerged as an exciting therapeutic target for treating a range of disorders, including drug addiction. However, a lack of structural information for this receptor subtype has limited further drug development and validation. Here we report a high-resolution crystal structure of the human M5 mAChR bound to the clinically used inverse agonist, tiotropium. This structure allowed for a comparison across all 5 mAChR family members that revealed important differences in both orthosteric and allosteric sites that could inform the rational design of selective ligands. These structural studies, together with chimeric swaps between the extracellular regions of the M2 and M5 mAChRs, provided structural insight into kinetic selectivity, where ligands show differential residency times between related family members. Collectively, our study provides important insights into the nature of orthosteric and allosteric ligand interaction across the mAChR family that could be exploited for the design of selective drugs.
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23
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Villavasso S, Shaw C, Skripnikova E, Shah K, Davis JF, Sirohi S. Nutritional Contingency Reduces Alcohol Drinking by Altering Central Neurotransmitter Receptor Gene Expression in Rats. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2731. [PMID: 31717954 PMCID: PMC6893745 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that 6 weeks of intermittent high-fat diet (Int-HFD) pre-exposure significantly reduced alcohol drinking in rats, providing preliminary evidence of the effectiveness of a dietary intervention in reducing alcohol intake. However, the functional framework and underlying neurobiological mechanisms of such dietary intervention are unknown. Here, we examined the impact of Int-HFD pre-exposure duration on alcohol drinking, plasma feeding peptides, and central neurotransmitter receptors gene expression. Male Long Evans rats (n = 6-7/group) received no pre-exposure, 1 or 2 weeks pre-exposure to Int-HFD and alcohol drinking (two-bottle choice) was evaluated. We observed HFD pre-exposure-dependent decrease in alcohol drinking, with a significant decrease observed following 2 weeks of Int-HFD pre-exposure. No significant between-group differences in plasma feeding peptides (i.e., ghrelin, leptin, insulin) were detected. A PCR array revealed that the expression of several neurotransmitter receptors was significantly (p < 0.05 and ≥2-fold) altered in the striatum and ventral tegmental area compared to controls. These data suggest that pre-exposure to a palatable diet is critical to reduce alcohol drinking in rats, possibly through genetic alterations in the brain reward circuitry. Importantly, the present study is a step forward in identifying the critical framework needed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of nutritional contingency in the management of alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Starr Villavasso
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (S.V.); (C.S.); (E.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Cemilia Shaw
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (S.V.); (C.S.); (E.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Elena Skripnikova
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (S.V.); (C.S.); (E.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Krishna Shah
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (S.V.); (C.S.); (E.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Jon F. Davis
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Sunil Sirohi
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (S.V.); (C.S.); (E.S.); (K.S.)
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24
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Moran SP, Maksymetz J, Conn PJ. Targeting Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors for the Treatment of Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:1006-1020. [PMID: 31711626 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) play important roles in regulating complex behaviors such as cognition, movement, and reward, making them ideally situated as potential drug targets for the treatment of several brain disorders. Recent advances in the discovery of subtype-selective allosteric modulators for mAChRs has provided an unprecedented opportunity for highly specific modulation of signaling by individual mAChR subtypes in the brain. Recently, mAChR allosteric modulators have entered clinical development for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and schizophrenia, and have potential utility for other brain disorders. However, mAChR allosteric modulators can display a diverse array of pharmacological properties, and a more nuanced understanding of the mAChR will be necessary to best translate preclinical findings into successful clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Moran
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - James Maksymetz
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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25
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Gould RW, Gunter BW, Bubser M, Matthews RT, Teal LB, Ragland MG, Bridges TM, Garrison AT, Winder DG, Lindsley CW, Jones CK. Acute Negative Allosteric Modulation of M 5 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors Inhibits Oxycodone Self-Administration and Cue-Induced Reactivity with No Effect on Antinociception. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:3740-3750. [PMID: 31268669 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a debilitating neuropsychiatric condition characterized by compulsive opioid use, dependence, and repeated relapse after periods of abstinence. Given the high risk of developing OUD following prescription opioid use, the continued need for opioid-induced analgesia, and the limitations of current OUD treatments, it is necessary to develop novel, non-opioid-based treatments for OUD and decrease abuse potential of prescription opioids. Recent evidence suggests that negative allosteric modulation (NAM) of the M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M5 mAChR) may provide an alternative therapeutic approach for the treatment of OUD. Previous studies demonstrated localization of M5 mAChR expression within the mesocorticolimbic reward circuitry and that the selective M5 NAM ML375 attenuates both cocaine and alcohol self-administration in rats. In the present study, the effects of ML375 were evaluated in rats self-administering the μ-opioid agonists oxycodone or remifentanil on a progressive ratio (PR) schedule or on cue reactivity (a rodent model of relapse) in the absence of oxycodone following 72 h of abstinence. ML375 reduced the PR break point for oxycodone and remifentanil self-administration and attenuated cue-elicited responding. Importantly, ML375 did not affect sucrose pellet-maintained responding on a PR schedule or opioid-induced antinociception using the hot-plate and tail-flick assays. We also confirm expression of M5 mAChR mRNA in the ventral tegmental area and show that this is primarily on dopamine (tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA-positive) neurons. Taken together, these findings suggest that selective functional antagonism of the M5 mAChR may represent a novel, non-opioid-based treatment for OUD.
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26
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Teal LB, Gould RW, Felts AS, Jones CK. Selective allosteric modulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors for the treatment of schizophrenia and substance use disorders. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2019; 86:153-196. [PMID: 31378251 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChRs) subtypes represent exciting new targets for the treatment of schizophrenia and substance use disorder (SUD). Recent advances in the development of subtype-selective allosteric modulators have revealed promising effects in preclinical models targeting the different symptoms observed in schizophrenia and SUD. M1 PAMs display potential for addressing the negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, while M4 PAMs exhibit promise in treating preclinical models predictive of antipsychotic-like activity. In SUD, there is increasing support for modulation of mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic circuitry involved in SUD with selective M4 mAChR PAMs or M5 mAChR NAMs. Allosteric modulators of these mAChR subtypes have demonstrated efficacy in rodent models of cocaine and ethanol seeking, with indications that these ligand may also be useful for other substances of abuse, as well as in various stages in the cycle of addiction. Importantly, allosteric modulators of the different mAChR subtypes may provide viable treatment options, while conferring greater subtype specificity and corresponding enhanced therapeutic index than orthosteric muscarinic ligands and maintaining endogenous temporo-spatial ACh signaling. Overall, subtype specific mAChR allosteric modulators represent important novel therapeutic mechanisms for schizophrenia and SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Teal
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Robert W Gould
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Andrew S Felts
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.
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27
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Nunes EJ, Bitner L, Hughley SM, Small KM, Walton SN, Rupprecht LE, Addy NA. Cholinergic Receptor Blockade in the VTA Attenuates Cue-Induced Cocaine-Seeking and Reverses the Anxiogenic Effects of Forced Abstinence. Neuroscience 2019; 413:252-263. [PMID: 31271832 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Drug relapse after periods of abstinence is a common feature of substance abuse. Moreover, anxiety and other mood disorders are often co-morbid with substance abuse. Cholinergic receptors in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are known to mediate drug-seeking and anxiety-related behavior in rodent models. However, it is unclear if overlapping VTA cholinergic mechanisms mediate drug relapse and anxiety-related behaviors associated with drug abstinence. We examined the effects of VTA cholinergic receptor blockade on cue-induced cocaine seeking and anxiety during cocaine abstinence. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to self-administer intravenous cocaine (~0.5 mg/kg/infusion, FR1 schedule) for 10 days, followed by 14 days of forced abstinence. VTA infusion of the non-selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist mecamylamine (0, 10, and 30 μg/side) or the non-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine (0, 2.4 and 24 μg /side) significantly decreased cue-induced cocaine seeking. In cocaine naïve rats, VTA mecamylamine or scopolamine also led to dose-dependent increases in open arm time in the elevated plus maze (EPM). In contrast, rats that received I.V. cocaine, compared to received I.V. saline rats, displayed an anxiogenic response on day 14 of abstinence as reflected by decreased open arm time in the EPM. Furthermore, low doses of VTA mecamylamine (10 μg /side) or scopolamine (2.4 μg /side), that did not alter EPM behavior in cocaine naive rats, were sufficient to reverse the anxiogenic effects of cocaine abstinence. Together, these data point to an overlapping role of VTA cholinergic mechanisms to regulate relapse and mood disorder-related responses during cocaine abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Nunes
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Lillian Bitner
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Shannon M Hughley
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Keri M Small
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Sofia N Walton
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Laura E Rupprecht
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Nii A Addy
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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28
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Cannella N, Ubaldi M, Masi A, Bramucci M, Roberto M, Bifone A, Ciccocioppo R. Building better strategies to develop new medications in Alcohol Use Disorder: Learning from past success and failure to shape a brighter future. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 103:384-398. [PMID: 31112713 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a chronic disease that develops over the years. The complexity of the neurobiological processes contributing to the emergence of AUD and the neuroadaptive changes occurring during disease progression make it difficult to improve treatments. On the other hand, this complexity offers researchers the possibility to explore new targets. Over years of intense research several molecules were tested in AUD; in most cases, despite promising preclinical data, the clinical efficacy appeared insufficient to justify futher development. A prototypical example is that of corticotropin releasing factor type 1 receptor (CRF1R) antagonists that showed significant effectiveness in animal models of AUD but were largely ineffective in humans. The present article attempts to analyze the most recent venues in the development of new medications in AUD with a focus on the most promising drug targets under current exploration. Moreover, we delineate the importance of using a more integrated translational framework approach to correlate preclinical findings and early clinical data to enhance the probability to validate biological targets of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazzareno Cannella
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Massimo Ubaldi
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Alessio Masi
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Massimo Bramucci
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Marisa Roberto
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Neuroscience, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Angelo Bifone
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems @UniTn, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Corso Bettini 31, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Roberto Ciccocioppo
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
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29
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Bender AM, Garrison AT, Lindsley CW. The Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor M 5: Therapeutic Implications and Allosteric Modulation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:1025-1034. [PMID: 30280567 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) subtype 5 (M5) was the most recent mAChR to be cloned and has since emerged as a potential therapeutic target for a number of indications. Early studies with knockout animals have provided clues to the receptor's role in physiological processes related to Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and addiction, and until recently, useful subtype-selective tools to further probe the pharmacology of M5 have remained elusive. Small-molecule allosteric modulators have since gained traction as a means by which to selectively examine muscarinic pharmacology. This review highlights the discovery and optimization of M5 positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) and negative allosteric modulators (NAMs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. Bender
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Aaron T. Garrison
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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30
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Bender AM, Cho HP, Nance KD, Lingenfelter KS, Luscombe VB, Gentry PR, Voigtritter K, Berizzi AE, Sexton PM, Langmead CJ, Christopoulos A, Locuson CW, Bridges TM, Chang S, O’Neill JC, Zhan X, Niswender CM, Jones CK, Conn PJ, Lindsley CW. Discovery and Optimization of Potent and CNS Penetrant M 5-Preferring Positive Allosteric Modulators Derived from a Novel, Chiral N-(Indanyl)piperidine Amide Scaffold. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:1572-1581. [PMID: 29678111 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacology of the M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) is the least understood of the five mAChR subtypes due to a historic lack of selective small molecule tools. To address this shortcoming, we have continued the optimization effort around the prototypical M5 positive allosteric modulator (PAM) ML380 and have discovered and optimized a new series of M5 PAMs based on a chiral N-(indanyl)piperidine amide core with robust SAR, human and rat M5 PAM EC50 values <100 nM and rat brain/plasma Kp values of ∼0.40. Interestingly, unlike M1 and M4 PAMs with unprecedented mAChR subtype selectivity, this series of M5 PAMs displayed varying degrees of PAM activity at the other two natively Gq-coupled mAChRs, M1 and M3, yet were inactive at M2 and M4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alice E. Berizzi
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Patrick M. Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Langmead
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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