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Kruk M, Lalowski P, Płecha M, Ponder A, Rudzka A, Zielińska D, Trząskowska M. Prebiotic potential of spent brewery grain - In vitro study. Food Chem 2024; 463:141254. [PMID: 39298848 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.141254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Spent brewery grain (SBG) is a by-product of the brewery industry. The study aimed to investigate the prebiotic potential of SBG. The chemical composition and fermentation capacity of SBG were checked. The gut microbiota response to SBG was assessed in two in vitro models (batch fermentation and dynamic system). Substances with prebiotic properties, including arabinoxylans (16.7 g/100 g) and polyphenols (49.1 mg/100 g), were identified in SBG. Suitable growth and fermentation by probiotic bacteria were observed. The modulatory effect of gut microbiota depends on the in vitro system used. In batch fermentation, there was no stimulation of Bifidobacterium or lactic acid bacteria (LAB), but short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and branched short-chain fatty acids (BCFA) synthesis increased. In dynamic, SBG exhibited a moderate bifidogenic effect, promoting Akkermansia and LAB growth while reducing Bacteroides and Escherichia-Shigella. SCFA stabilisation and reduction of BCFA content were noted. Moderate prebiotic effects were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Kruk
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), Nowoursynowska St. 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Piotr Lalowski
- Faculty of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), Nowoursynowska St. 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Płecha
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Adolfa Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Ponder
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), Nowoursynowska St. 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Rudzka
- Department of Dietetics and Food Studies, Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Al. Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Dorota Zielińska
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), Nowoursynowska St. 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Trząskowska
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), Nowoursynowska St. 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
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Liu C, Chen J, Che Y, He L, Luo S, Yang CS, Chen T. Interactive Effects of Arabinoxylan Oligosaccharides and Green Tea Polyphenols on Obesity Management and Gut Microbiota Modulation in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:16237-16249. [PMID: 38984620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Dietary fiber and polyphenols have been shown to possess antiobesity properties. However, their combined effects need further investigation. This study investigated the individual and combined effects of arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS) from rice bran and green tea polyphenols (GTP) in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. We found that the combination of AXOS and GTP (A + G) significantly reduced overall fat mass and improved lipid profiles, although the effects were not synergistic. AXOS and GTP regulated lipid metabolism in different tissues and exhibited counteractive effects on gut microbiota. AXOS decreased α diversity and promoted Bifidobacterium, with GTP counteracting these effects. In vitro fermentation confirmed that GTP counteracted AXOS-induced microbiota changes in a dose-dependent manner. This study highlights the potential of tailored combinations of dietary fiber and polyphenols to treat obesity while considering their complex microbial interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Resources, School of Food Science, Nanchang University, 235 East Nanjing Road, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jianjian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Resources, School of Food Science, Nanchang University, 235 East Nanjing Road, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yingjuan Che
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Resources, School of Food Science, Nanchang University, 235 East Nanjing Road, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Li He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Resources, School of Food Science, Nanchang University, 235 East Nanjing Road, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Shunjing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Resources, School of Food Science, Nanchang University, 235 East Nanjing Road, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Chung S Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 164 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Tingting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Resources, School of Food Science, Nanchang University, 235 East Nanjing Road, Nanchang 330031, China
- International Institute of Food Innovation Co., Ltd., Nanchang University, luozhu Road, Nanchang 330200, China
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Howard EJ, Meyer RK, Weninger SN, Martinez T, Wachsmuth HR, Pignitter M, Auñon-Lopez A, Kangath A, Duszka K, Gu H, Schiro G, Laubtiz D, Duca FA. Impact of Plant-Based Dietary Fibers on Metabolic Homeostasis in High-Fat Diet Mice via Alterations in the Gut Microbiota and Metabolites. J Nutr 2024; 154:2014-2028. [PMID: 38735572 PMCID: PMC11282473 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota contributes to metabolic disease, and diet shapes the gut microbiota, emphasizing the need to better understand how diet impacts metabolic disease via gut microbiota alterations. Fiber intake is linked with improvements in metabolic homeostasis in rodents and humans, which is associated with changes in the gut microbiota. However, dietary fiber is extremely heterogeneous, and it is imperative to comprehensively analyze the impact of various plant-based fibers on metabolic homeostasis in an identical setting and compare the impact of alterations in the gut microbiota and bacterially derived metabolites from different fiber sources. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of different plant-based fibers (pectin, β-glucan, wheat dextrin, resistant starch, and cellulose as a control) on metabolic homeostasis through alterations in the gut microbiota and its metabolites in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. METHODS HFD-fed mice were supplemented with 5 different fiber types (pectin, β-glucan, wheat dextrin, resistant starch, or cellulose as a control) at 10% (wt/wt) for 18 wk (n = 12/group), measuring body weight, adiposity, indirect calorimetry, glucose tolerance, and the gut microbiota and metabolites. RESULTS Only β-glucan supplementation during HFD-feeding decreased adiposity and body weight gain and improved glucose tolerance compared with HFD-cellulose, whereas all other fibers had no effect. This was associated with increased energy expenditure and locomotor activity in mice compared with HFD-cellulose. All fibers supplemented into an HFD uniquely shifted the intestinal microbiota and cecal short-chain fatty acids; however, only β-glucan supplementation increased cecal butyrate concentrations. Lastly, all fibers altered the small-intestinal microbiota and portal bile acid composition. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that β-glucan consumption is a promising dietary strategy for metabolic disease, possibly via increased energy expenditure through alterations in the gut microbiota and bacterial metabolites in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Howard
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Rachel K Meyer
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Savanna N Weninger
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Taylor Martinez
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Hallie R Wachsmuth
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Marc Pignitter
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arturo Auñon-Lopez
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Archana Kangath
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Kalina Duszka
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Haiwei Gu
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Gabriele Schiro
- PANDA Core for Genomics and Microbiome Research, Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Daniel Laubtiz
- PANDA Core for Genomics and Microbiome Research, Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Frank A Duca
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.
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Steiner J, Kupetz M, Becker T. Influence of Hydrothermal Treatment of Brewer's Spent Grain on the Concentration and Molecular Weight Distribution of 1,3-1,4-β-D-Glucan and Arabinoxylan. Foods 2023; 12:3778. [PMID: 37893671 PMCID: PMC10606534 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brewer's spent grain (BSG) is the most abundant residual in the brewing process. Non-starch polysaccharides such as 1,3-1,4-β-D-glucan (β-glucan) and arabinoxylan (AX) with proven beneficial effects on human health remain in this by-product in high amounts. Incorporating the valuable dietary fiber into the food industry could contribute to a healthy diet. However, a major challenge is extracting these dietary fibers (i.e., β-glucan and AX) from the solid residue. In this study, hydrothermal treatment (HT) was applied to dissolve the remaining water-insoluble carbohydrates from BSG with the aim to extract high amounts of β-glucan and AX. Particular focus was placed on the molecular weight (MW) range above 50 kDa and 20 kDa, respectively, as these are considered to have health-promoting effects. Different treatment temperatures, reaction times, and internal reactor pressures were tested to determine the best process settings to achieve high yields of β-glucan and AX and to examine the influence on their molecular weight distribution (MWD). Overall, 85.1% β-glucan and 77.3% AX were extracted corresponding to 6.3 g per kg BSG at 160 °C and 178.3 g kg-1 at 170 °C, respectively. However, less than 20% of both fiber substances were in the desirable MW range above 50 kDa and 20 kDa, respectively. When lower temperatures of 140 and 150 °C were applied, yields of only 3.0 g kg-1 β-glucan and 128.8 g kg-1 AX were obtained, whereby the proportion of desirable fiber fractions increased up to 45%. Further investigations focused on the heat-induced degradation of monosaccharides and the formation of undesirable by-products (i.e., HMF and furfural) that might pose a health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Steiner
- Research Group Beverage and Cereal Biotechnology, Institute of Brewing and Beverage Technology, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
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Wang Y, Fan M, Qian H, Ying H, Li Y, Wang L. Whole grains-derived functional ingredients against hyperglycemia: targeting hepatic glucose metabolism. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:7268-7289. [PMID: 36847153 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2183382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by the dysregulation of glucose homeostasis, resulting in hyperglycemia. However, concerns have been raised about the safety and efficacy of current hypoglycemic drugs due to undesirable side effects. Increasing studies have shown that whole grains (WG) consumption is inversely associated with the risk of T2DM and its subsequent complications. Thus, dietary strategies involving functional components from the WG provide an intriguing approach to restoring and maintaining glucose homeostasis. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the major functional components derived from WG and their positive effects on glucose homeostasis, demonstrates the underlying molecular mechanisms targeting hepatic glucose metabolism, and discusses the unclear aspects according to the latest viewpoints and current research. Improved glycemic response and insulin resistance were observed after consumption of WG-derived bioactive ingredients, which are involved in the integrated, multi-factorial, multi-targeted regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism. Promotion of glucose uptake, glycolysis, and glycogen synthesis pathways, while inhibition of gluconeogenesis, contributes to amelioration of abnormal hepatic glucose metabolism and insulin resistance by bioactive components. Hence, the development of WG-based functional food ingredients with potent hypoglycemic properties is necessary to manage insulin resistance and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mingcong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hao Ying
- CAS Key laboratory of nutrition, metabolism and food safety, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Takei N, Kuda T, Handa N, Fujita S, Takahashi H, Kimura B. Detection and isolation of typical gut indigenous bacteria in ICR mice fed wheat bran and wheat straw fibre. FOOD CHEMISTRY: MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2022; 4:100071. [PMID: 35415683 PMCID: PMC8991949 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2021.100071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Wheat bran (WB) and wheat straw fibre (WSF) were administered ICR mice for 14 days. Caecal microbiota was determined by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. Caecal Lactobacillus johnsonii and Limosilactobacillus reuteri were high in WB diet-fed mice. L. johnsonii Wheat-1 and L. reuteri Wheat-12 strains could be isolated. WB fermentation with L. johnsonii Wheat-1 induce superoxide anion radical scavenging capacity.
Wheat bran (WB) and wheat straw fibre (WSF) are by-products of the wheat flour industry. To prove the existence of indigenous gut bacteria responsible for WB and WSF, the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were fed a diet containing no fibre (CS), 10% WB, or 5% WSF for 14 d. The caecal microbiome was analysed by 16S rDNA (V4 region) amplicon sequencing. Typical colonies were isolated and estimated by 16S rRNA gene BLASTn analysis. The predominant amplicon sequence variants in all diet groups belonged to Bifidobacterium pseudolongum- and Faecalibaculum rodentium-like bacteria. Lactobacillus johnsonii- and Limosilactobacillus reuteri-like bacteria were high in the WB group compared with those in the CS group. Lactobacillus johnsonii Wheat-1 and L. reuteri Wheat-12 strains could be isolated. Lactobacillus johnsonii Wheat-1 exhibited good fermentation activity in 10% (w/v) WB suspension. Superoxide anion radical scavenging capacity of the WB suspension was significantly increased by the fermentation.
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Luo S, He L, Zhang H, Li Z, Liu C, Chen T. Arabinoxylan from rice bran protects mice against high-fat diet-induced obesity and metabolic inflammation by modulating gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids. Food Funct 2022; 13:7707-7719. [PMID: 35758533 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00569g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Rice bran is an important by-product of the milling industry. Arabinoxylan extracted from rice bran (RAX) is available in large quantities and is structurally different from other arabinoxylans from cereals. The anti-obesity effects of RAX and the role of microbiota have not been studied. In this work, we investigated the beneficial effects of RAX in C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). We found that supplementation of RAX significantly ameliorated HFD-induced obesity. RAX decreased HFD induced lipid accumulation and regulated genes related to hepatic fatty acid metabolism. Regulated lipid metabolism is associated with reduced systemic inflammation as indicated by TNF-α and IL-6. RAX normalized the gut microbiota and its major metabolites short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). RAX restored the alpha diversity of the gut microbiota and increased the relative abundance of anti-inflammatory bacteria including Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia. RAX decreased pro-inflammatory bacteria including Anaerotruncus, Helicobacter, Coprococcus, and Desulfovibrio. Our results suggest that systemic inflammation bridges to the gut microbiota through LPS and SCFAs. RAX modulates the gut microbiota and SCFA production in the large intestine, thereby reducing systemic inflammation and ameliorating obesity. In brief, RAX prevented obesity through a mechanism related to the modulation of the microbiota and its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunjing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Food Science & Technology, Nanchang University, 235 East Nanjing Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China.
| | - Li He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Food Science & Technology, Nanchang University, 235 East Nanjing Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China.
| | - Huibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Food Science & Technology, Nanchang University, 235 East Nanjing Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China.
| | - Zhongxia Li
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, Guangzhou 510663, China.,Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Chengmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Food Science & Technology, Nanchang University, 235 East Nanjing Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China.
| | - Tingting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Food Science & Technology, Nanchang University, 235 East Nanjing Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China.
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Zhang B, Zhong Y, Dong D, Zheng Z, Hu J. Gut microbial utilization of xylan and its implication in gut homeostasis and metabolic response. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 286:119271. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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General Health Benefits and Pharmacological Activities of Triticum aestivum L. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061948. [PMID: 35335312 PMCID: PMC8953994 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Common wheat (Triticum aestivum), one of the world's most consumed cereal grains, is known for its uses in baking and cooking in addition to its medicinal uses. As this plant's medical benefits are enormous and scattered, this narrative review was aimed at describing the pharmacological activities, phytochemistry, and the nutritional values of Triticum aestivum. It is a good source of dietary fiber, resistant starch, phenolic acids, alkylresorcinols, lignans, and diverse antioxidant compounds such as carotenoids, tocopherols and tocotrienols. These constituents provide Triticum aestivum with a wide range of pharmacological properties, including anticancer, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, hypolipemic, antioxidant, laxative, and moisturizing effects. This review summarized the established benefits of wheat in human health, the mode of action, and different clinical, in vitro and in vivo studies for different varieties and cultivars. This review also gives an insight for future research into the better use of this plant as a functional food. More clinical trials, in vivo and in vitro studies are warranted to broaden the knowledge about the effect of Triticum aestivum on nutrition-related diseases prevention, and physical and mental well-being sustenance.
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Sugiharto S, Pratama AR, Yudiarti T, Ayasan T. Effect of novel natural feed additive containing Averrhoa bilimbi L. fruit filtrate, wheat bran, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth performance and meat characteristics of broilers. Vet World 2021; 14:3007-3014. [PMID: 35017850 PMCID: PMC8743775 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.3007-3014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: In the post-antibiotic era, consumer demand for healthy and safe meats has prompted poultry producers to seek alternative effective feed additives. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a novel natural feed additive based on a mixture of Averrhoa bilimbi L. fruit filtrate, wheat bran, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the growth rate, internal organ weight, and breast meat characteristics of broilers. Materials and Methods: A total of 280 1-day-old chicks were divided into one control (CNTRL; feed without additives) and three treatment groups: NOV25, feed with 2.5 g/kg novel additive; NOV50, feed with 5.0 g/kg novel additive; and NOV100, feed with 10 g/kg novel additive. The body weight (BW), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured weekly. On day 35, the chickens from each group were slaughtered, and their internal organs and breast meat samples were collected. Results: The BW of broilers in NOV100 was greater (p=0.016) than that in the other groups. The FCRs in the treatments groups were lower (p<0.001) than that in the control group. Elevated levels of the novel additive increased (p=0.051) the relative weight of the duodenum. The pH values in the breast meat of broilers receiving the novel additive were higher (p<0.001) than that in control. The C20:3n-6 of the NOV100 breast meat was lower (p=0.012) than that of NOV25 and NOV50, but it did not differ from that of the control. The unsaturated fatty acid-to-saturated fatty acid ratio in the breast meats of the treatments was higher (p=0.032) than that in control. The L-tyrosine content in NOV50 breast meat was higher (p=0.036) than that in CNTRL and NOV100 but did not differ from that in NOV25. Conclusion: The proposed feed additive improved the live BW and FCR of broilers and the physical and nutritional qualities of broiler breast meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugiharto Sugiharto
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Anugrah R. Pratama
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Turrini Yudiarti
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Tugay Ayasan
- Department of Organic Farming Business Management, Kadirli Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Korkut Ata, Osmaniye, Turkey
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Effect of drying method and process conditions on physicochemical and rheological properties of arabinoxylans extracted from corn-lime-cooking-liquor on a pilot plant scale. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Bahrami G, Izadi B, Miraghaee SS, Mohammadi B, Hatami R, Sajadimajd S, Batooie N. Antidiabetic potential of the isolated fractions from the plants of Rosaceae family in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Res Pharm Sci 2021; 16:505-515. [PMID: 34522198 PMCID: PMC8407159 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.323917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: Diabetes is a group of multifactorial disorders characterized by chronic-elevated blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia). Natural remedies are used as alternative medications to treat diabetes. Here, we tested the protective effect of the plant extracts of the Rosaceae family on improving insulin secretion and repairing the pancreatic beta cells in diabetic rats. Experimental approach: The oligosaccharide fraction was isolated from the Rosaceae family of herbs. LC-MS/MS was applied to characterize the isolated fractions. The male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups, 10 each, including the control group with no intervention, diabetic rats without treatment, diabetic rats that received the extract of Malus domestica (apple), Cydonia oblonga (quince), Prunus persica (nectarine), and Prunus persica (peach), separately. Rats were monitored for the weight, fasting plasma glucose, and insulin levels. The effect of extracts in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats on the pancreatic islets was evaluated by morphometric analysis. Findings/Results: LC-MS/MS results indicated a similar mass spectrum of isolated fractions from nectarine and peach with Rosa canina. Oral administration of nectarine and peach extracts to STZ-induced diabetic rats showed restoration of blood glucose levels to normal levels with a concomitant increase in insulin levels. Morphometric analysis of pancreatic sections revealed the increase in number, diameter, volume, and area of the pancreatic islets in the diabetic rats treated with extracts compared to the untreated diabetic rats. Conclusion and implications: Nectarine and peach extracts’ anti-diabetic properties improved insulin secretion and pancreatic beta-cell function and subsequently led to restoring pancreatic islet mass in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Bahrami
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, I.R. Iran
| | - Babak Izadi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, I.R. Iran
| | - Seyed Shahram Miraghaee
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, I.R. Iran
| | - Bahar Mohammadi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, I.R. Iran
| | - Razieh Hatami
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, I.R. Iran
| | - Soraya Sajadimajd
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, I.R. Iran
| | - Nasim Batooie
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, I.R. Iran
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Lynch KM, Strain CR, Johnson C, Patangia D, Stanton C, Koc F, Gil-Martinez J, O'Riordan P, Sahin AW, Ross RP, Arendt EK. Extraction and characterisation of arabinoxylan from brewers spent grain and investigation of microbiome modulation potential. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:4393-4411. [PMID: 34057578 PMCID: PMC8572209 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02570-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Brewers’ spent grain (BSG) represents the largest by-product of the brewing industry. Its utilisation as an animal feed has become less practical today; however, its high fibre and protein content make it a promising untapped resource for human nutrition. BSG contains mainly insoluble fibre. This fibre, along with protein, is trapped with the complex lignocellulosic cell structure and must be solubilised to release components which may be beneficial to health through modulation of the gut microbiota. Methods In this study, the application of a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process for the extraction and solubilisation of arabinoxylan from BSG is demonstrated. Results Processing of the BSG was varied to modulate the physicochemical and molecular characteristic of the released arabinoxylan. The maximum level of arabinoxylan solubilisation achieved was approximately 21%, compared to the unprocessed BSG which contained no soluble arabinoxylan (AX). Concentration of the solubilised material produced a sample containing 99% soluble AX. Samples were investigated for their microbiome modulating capacity in in-vitro faecal fermentation trials. Many samples promoted increased Lactobacillus levels (approx. twofold). One sample that contained the highest level of soluble AX was shown to be bifidogenic, increasing the levels of this genus approx. 3.5-fold as well as acetate (p = 0.018) and propionate (p < 0.001) production. Conclusion The findings indicate that AX extracted from BSG has prebiotic potential. The demonstration that BSG is a source of functional fibre is a promising step towards the application of this brewing side-stream as a functional food ingredient for human nutrition. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-021-02570-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran M Lynch
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Conall R Strain
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co., Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Crystal Johnson
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co., Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Dhrati Patangia
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co., Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co., Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fatma Koc
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co., Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jorge Gil-Martinez
- Global Innovation and Technology Centre, Anheuser-Busch InBev nv/sa, Brouwerijplein 1, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick O'Riordan
- Global Innovation and Technology Centre, Anheuser-Busch InBev nv/sa, Brouwerijplein 1, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aylin W Sahin
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Elke K Arendt
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. .,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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14
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Antioxidant Effect of Wheat Germ Extracts and Their Antilipidemic Effect in Palmitic Acid-Induced Steatosis in HepG2 and 3T3-L1 Cells. Foods 2021; 10:foods10051061. [PMID: 34065831 PMCID: PMC8151358 DOI: 10.3390/foods10051061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat germ (WG) is a by-product of wheat milling and comprises many bioactive compounds. This study aimed to compare the antioxidant and antilipidemic effects of different WG extracts (WGEs) by analyzing candidate bioactive compounds such as carotenoids, tocopherols, γ-oryzanol, and biogenic amines by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Antioxidant activity was determined using the ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays. The antilipidemic effect was evaluated in palmitic acid-induced steatosis in HepG2 hepatocytes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Cellular lipid accumulation was assessed by Oil Red O staining and a cellular triglyceride content assay. All analyzed WGEs showed significant antioxidant potential, although some bioactive compounds, such as carotenoids, tocopherols, and γ-oryzanol, were the highest in the ethanol extract. Correlation analysis revealed the antioxidant potential of all identified biogenic amines except for spermidine. Ethanol and n-hexane extracts significantly inhibited cellular lipid accumulation in cell models. These results suggest that WGEs exhibit promising antioxidant potential, with a variety of bioactive compounds. Collectively, the findings of this study suggest that bioactive compounds in WGEs attenuate plasma lipid and oxidation levels. In conclusion, WG can be used as a natural antioxidant and nutraceutical using appropriate solvents and extraction methods.
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15
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Kundi ZM, Lee JCY, Pihlajamäki J, Chan CB, Leung KS, So SSY, Nordlund E, Kolehmainen M, El-Nezami H. Dietary Fiber from Oat and Rye Brans Ameliorate Western Diet-Induced Body Weight Gain and Hepatic Inflammation by the Modulation of Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Bile Acids, and Tryptophan Metabolism. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e1900580. [PMID: 32526796 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Dietary fiber (DF) induces changes in gut microbiota function and thus modulates the gut environment. How this modulation is associated with metabolic pathways related to the gut is largely unclear. This study aims to investigate differences in metabolites produced by the gut microbiota and their interactions with host metabolism in response to supplementation with two bran fibers. METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL/6N mice are fed a western diet (WD) for 17 weeks. Two groups of mice received a diet enriched with 10% w/w of either oat or rye bran, with each bran containing 50% DF. Microbial metabolites are assessed by measuring cecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), ileal and fecal bile acids (BAs), and the expression of genes related to tryptophan (TRP) metabolism. Both brans lowered body weight gain and ameliorated WD-induced impaired glucose responses, hepatic inflammation, liver enzymes, and gut integrity markers associated with SCFA production, altered BA metabolism, and TRP diversion from the serotonin synthesis pathway to microbial indole production. CONCLUSIONS Both brans develop a favorable environment in the gut by altering the composition of microbes and modulating produced metabolites. Changes induced in the gut environment by a fiber-enriched diet may explain the amelioration of metabolic disturbances related to WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Maria Kundi
- School of Biological Sciences Kadoorie Building, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jetty Chung-Yung Lee
- School of Biological Sciences Kadoorie Building, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of East Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Clinical Nutrition and Obesity Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Chi Bun Chan
- School of Biological Sciences Kadoorie Building, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kin Sum Leung
- School of Biological Sciences Kadoorie Building, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stephanie Sik Yu So
- School of Biological Sciences Kadoorie Building, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Emilia Nordlund
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of East Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hani El-Nezami
- School of Biological Sciences Kadoorie Building, Pokfulam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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16
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Ghosh S, Yang X, Wang L, Zhang C, Zhao L. Active phase prebiotic feeding alters gut microbiota, induces weight-independent alleviation of hepatic steatosis and serum cholesterol in high-fat diet-fed mice. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 19:448-458. [PMID: 33510856 PMCID: PMC7806547 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that prebiotics may induce weight loss and alleviate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) via modulation of the gut microbiota. However, key members of the gut microbiota that may mediate the beneficial effects of prebiotics remain elusive. Here, we find that restricted prebiotic feeding during active phase (HF-ARP) induced weight-independent alleviation of liver steatosis and reduced serum cholesterol in high-fat diet (HF) fed mice more significantly than unrestricted feeding (HF-UP). HF-ARP mice also showed concomitantly altered gut microbiota structure that was different from HF-UP group along with significantly increased production of total short-chain fatty-acids (SCFAs). Amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were clustered into co-abundant groups (CAGs) as potential functional groups that may respond distinctively to prebiotic consumption and prebiotic feeding regime. Prebiotic feeding induces significant alterations in CAG abundances by day 7. Eight of 32 CAGs were promoted by prebiotics, including CAG17 with the most abundant ASV from Parabacteroides, CAG22 with Bacteroides thetaiotamicron and CAG32 with Fecalibaculum and Akkermansia. Among the prebiotic-promoted CAGs, CAG20 with ASVs from Lachnospiraceae and CAG21 with ASVs from Bifidobacterium and Lachnospiraceae were significantly enhanced in HF-ARP compared to HF-UP. Moreover, most of the prebiotic-promoted CAGs were also significantly associated with improvements in hepatic steatosis, reduction in serum cholesterol and increased cecal propionate production. Together, these results suggest that the impact of prebiotics on weight-independent alleviation of liver steatosis and cholesterol-lowering effect can be optimized by restricting prebiotic intake to active phase and is associated with a distinct change of gut microbiota with increased SCFA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Ghosh
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Linghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chenhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Liping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology and New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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17
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Rashidinejad A, Bahrami A, Rehman A, Rezaei A, Babazadeh A, Singh H, Jafari SM. Co-encapsulation of probiotics with prebiotics and their application in functional/synbiotic dairy products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:2470-2494. [PMID: 33251846 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1854169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Oral administration of live probiotics along with prebiotics has been suggested with numerous beneficial effects for several conditions including certain infectious disorders, diarrheal illnesses, some inflammatory bowel diseases, and most recently, irritable bowel syndrome. Though, delivery of such viable bacteria to the host intestine is a major challenge, due to the poor survival of the ingested probiotic bacteria during the gastric transit, especially within the stomach where the pH is highly acidic. Although microencapsulation has been known as a promising approach for improving the viability of probiotics in the human digestive tract, the success rate is not satisfactory. For this reason, co-encapsulation of probiotics with probiotics has been practised as a novel alternative approach for further improvement of the oral delivery of viable probiotics toward their targeted release in the host intestine. This paper discusses the co-encapsulation technologies used for delivery of probiotics toward better stability and viability, as well the incorporation of co-encapsulated probiotics and prebiotics in functional/synbiotic dairy foods. The common encapsulation technologies (and the materials) used for this purpose, the stability and survival of co-encapsulated probiotics in the food, and the release behavior of the co-encapsulated probiotics in the gastrointestinal tract have also been explained. Most studies reported a significant improvement particularly in the viability of bacteria associated with the presence of prebiotics. Nevertheless, the previous research has mostly been carried out in the simulated digestion, meaning that future systematic research is to be carried out to investigate the efficacy of the co-encapsulation on the survival of the bacteria in the gut in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rashidinejad
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Akbar Bahrami
- Program of Applied Science and Technology, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Abdur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Atefe Rezaei
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Afshin Babazadeh
- Center for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Faculty of medicine, health and human sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Harjinder Singh
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials & Process Design Engendering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
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18
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Pérez-Escalante E, Alatorre-Santamaría S, Castañeda-Ovando A, Salazar-Pereda V, Bautista-Ávila M, Cruz-Guerrero AE, Flores-Aguilar JF, González-Olivares LG. Human milk oligosaccharides as bioactive compounds in infant formula: recent advances and trends in synthetic methods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:181-214. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1813683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Pérez-Escalante
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Área Académica de Química. Ciudad del Conocimiento, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, Colonia Carboneras. CP. 42184. Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México
| | - Sergio Alatorre-Santamaría
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa. División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud. Departamento de Biotecnología, Colonia Vicentina AP 09340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Araceli Castañeda-Ovando
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Área Académica de Química. Ciudad del Conocimiento, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, Colonia Carboneras. CP. 42184. Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México
| | - Verónica Salazar-Pereda
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Área Académica de Química. Ciudad del Conocimiento, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, Colonia Carboneras. CP. 42184. Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México
| | - Mirandeli Bautista-Ávila
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo. Área Académica de Farmacia, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud. Ex-Hacienda la Concepción. San Agustín Tlaxiaca, Hidalgo, México
| | - Alma Elizabeth Cruz-Guerrero
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa. División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud. Departamento de Biotecnología, Colonia Vicentina AP 09340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Juan Francisco Flores-Aguilar
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Área Académica de Química. Ciudad del Conocimiento, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, Colonia Carboneras. CP. 42184. Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México
| | - Luis Guillermo González-Olivares
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Área Académica de Química. Ciudad del Conocimiento, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, Colonia Carboneras. CP. 42184. Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México
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19
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Li LY, Wang YX, Zhang T, Zhang JF, Pan M, Huang XJ, Yin JY, Nie SP. Structural characteristics and rheological properties of alkali-extracted arabinoxylan from dehulled barley kernel. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 249:116813. [PMID: 32933661 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Arabinoxylan (BIF-60) was isolated from barley water-insoluble fiber (BIF) by ethanol precipitation at 60 % (v/v). BIF-60 was composed of xylose (48.5 %) and arabinose (30.3 %). Its average molecular weight was 1360 kDa. Methylation and 1D/2D NMR analysis showed that BIF-60 possessed β-(l→4)-xylan as backbone, comprised of un-substituted (1,4-linked β-Xylp, 56.9 %), mono-substituted (1,2,4-linked and 1,3,4-linked β-Xylp, 22.1 %) and di-substituted (1,2,3,4-lin4ked β-Xylp, 18.4 %) xylose units, as well as other residues (T-Araf-(1→, T-Xylp-(1→, →5)-Araf-(1→, →2)-Araf-(1→, →3)-Araf-(1→ and →4)-Glcp-(1→). BIF-60 exhibited shear-thinning behaviour, low gel stability and weak gelling ability at high concentrations. This work provides a theoretical and experimental basis for molecular structure and properties of the alkali-extracted arabinoxylan from barley kernel, which could guide further functional research and application of barley-derived arabinoxylan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330047, China
| | - Yu-Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330047, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330047, China
| | - Jian-Fang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330047, China
| | - Meng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330047, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330047, China
| | - Jun-Yi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330047, China.
| | - Shao-Ping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330047, China
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20
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Azam F, Ijaz H, Qureshi J. Functionalized crosslinked interpenetrating polymeric network for pH responsive colonic drug delivery. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2020.1740995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farooq Azam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hira Ijaz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Qureshi
- Department of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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21
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Nie Q, Chen H, Hu J, Tan H, Nie S, Xie M. Effects of Nondigestible Oligosaccharides on Obesity. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2020; 11:205-233. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-032519-051743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health concern that has almost reached the level of pandemic and is rapidly progressing. The gut microbiota has emerged as a crucial regulator involved in the etiology of obesity, and the manipulation of it by dietary intervention has been widely used for reducing the risk of obesity. Nondigestible oligosaccharides (NDOs) are attracting increasing interests as prebiotics, as the indigestible ingredients can induce compositional or metabolic improvement to the gut microbiota, thereby improving gut health and giving rise to the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) to elicit metabolic effects on obesity. In this review, the role NDOs play in obesity intervention via modification of the gut microecology, as well as the physicochemical and physiological properties and industrial manufacture of NDOs, is discussed. Our goal is to provide a critical assessment of and stimulate comprehensive research into NDO use in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixing Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China–Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China;,
| | - Haihong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China–Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China;,
| | - Jielun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China–Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China;,
| | - Huizi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China–Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China;,
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China–Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China;,
| | - Mingyong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China–Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China;,
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22
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de Cosío-Barrón ACG, Hernández-Arriaga AM, Campos-Vega R. Spent coffee (Coffea arabica L.) grounds positively modulate indicators of colonic microbial activity. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2019.102286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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23
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Irwin N, Gault VA, O'Harte FPM, Flatt PR. Blockade of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) action as a novel means of countering insulin resistance in the treatment of obesity-diabetes. Peptides 2020; 125:170203. [PMID: 31733230 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) is a 42 amino acid hormone secreted from intestinal K-cells in response to nutrient ingestion. Despite a recognised physiological role for GIP as an insulin secretagogue to control postprandial blood glucose levels, growing evidence reveals important actions of GIP on adipocytes and promotion of fat deposition in tissues. As such, blockade of GIP receptor (GIPR) action has been proposed as a means to counter insulin resistance, and improve metabolic status in obesity and related diabetes. In agreement with this, numerous independent observations in animal models support important therapeutic applications of GIPR antagonists in obesity-diabetes. Sustained administration of peptide-based GIPR inhibitors, low molecular weight GIPR antagonists, GIPR neutralising antibodies as well as genetic knockout of GIPR's or vaccination against GIP all demonstrate amelioration of insulin resistance and reduced body weight gain in response to high fat feeding. These observations were consistently associated with decreased accumulation of lipids in peripheral tissues, thereby alleviating insulin resistance. Although the impact of prolonged GIPR inhibition on bone turnover still needs to be determined, evidence to date indicates that GIPR antagonists represent an exciting novel treatment option for obesity-diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Irwin
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Victor A Gault
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Finbarr P M O'Harte
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Peter R Flatt
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
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24
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Olivares M, Rodriguez J, Pötgens SA, Neyrinck AM, Cani PD, Bindels LB, Delzenne NM. The Janus Face of Cereals: Wheat-Derived Prebiotics Counteract the Detrimental Effect of Gluten on Metabolic Homeostasis in Mice Fed a High-Fat/High-Sucrose Diet. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900632. [PMID: 31608562 PMCID: PMC7003472 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Cereals are important sources of carbohydrates, but also contain nutrients that could impact adiposity. The contribution of gluten to obesity and the effects of prebiotics-arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides (AXOS) and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS)-that can be extracted from gluten-containing cereals are analyzed. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice are fed a control diet, Western diet (WD, consisting of high fat/high sucrose), or WD with 5% gluten. Prebiotics are tested in the WD with gluten. Gluten does not increase body weight and has a minor effect on ileal inflammation. Gluten decreases the expression of browning markers in the fat and increases the triglycerides synthesis in the muscle. AXOS decreases body weight and adiposity in fat pads muscle and liver. AXOS promotes gluten cleavage by the induction of prolyl endopeptidase that is translated into a reduction of gluten immunogenic peptides. Gluten has minor effects on cecal microbiota composition, whereas prebiotics increased Bifidobacterium, Butyricicoccus, Prevotella, and Parasutterella, which are all negatively correlated to the cecal content of gluten peptides. CONCLUSION While gluten may affect metabolic homeostasis, these effects are lessened when gluten is consumed along with cereal-derived fibers. If confirmed in humans, the authors bring new arguments to eat fiber-rich cereals to promote a healthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Olivares
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research InstituteUniversité catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)B‐1200BrusselsBelgium
| | - Julie Rodriguez
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research InstituteUniversité catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)B‐1200BrusselsBelgium
| | - Sarah A. Pötgens
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research InstituteUniversité catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)B‐1200BrusselsBelgium
| | - Audrey M. Neyrinck
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research InstituteUniversité catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)B‐1200BrusselsBelgium
| | - Patrice D. Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research InstituteUniversité catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)B‐1200BrusselsBelgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO)Louvain Drug Research InstituteUCLouvainB‐1200BrusselsBelgium
| | - Laure B. Bindels
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research InstituteUniversité catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)B‐1200BrusselsBelgium
| | - Nathalie M. Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research InstituteUniversité catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)B‐1200BrusselsBelgium
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Khursheed R, Singh SK, Wadhwa S, Kapoor B, Gulati M, Kumar R, Ramanunny AK, Awasthi A, Dua K. Treatment strategies against diabetes: Success so far and challenges ahead. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 862:172625. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Cao SY, Zhao CN, Xu XY, Tang GY, Corke H, Gan RY, Li HB. Dietary plants, gut microbiota, and obesity: Effects and mechanisms. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Delzenne NM, Olivares M, Neyrinck AM, Beaumont M, Kjølbæk L, Larsen TM, Benítez-Páez A, Romaní-Pérez M, Garcia-Campayo V, Bosscher D, Sanz Y, van der Kamp JW. Nutritional interest of dietary fiber and prebiotics in obesity: Lessons from the MyNewGut consortium. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:414-424. [PMID: 30904186 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of EU project MyNewGut is to contribute to future public health-related recommendations supported by new insight in gut microbiome and nutrition-host relationship. In this Opinion Paper, we first revisit the concept of dietary fiber, taking into account their interaction with the gut microbiota. This paper also summarizes the main effects of dietary fibers with prebiotic properties in intervention studies in humans, with a particular emphasis on the effects of arabinoxylans and arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides on metabolic alterations associated with obesity. Based on the existing state of the art and future development, we elaborate the steps required to propose dietary guidelines related to dietary fibers, taking into account their interaction with the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie M Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Marta Olivares
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Audrey M Neyrinck
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martin Beaumont
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Louise Kjølbæk
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Meinert Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Alfonso Benítez-Páez
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition & Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Marina Romaní-Pérez
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition & Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Yolanda Sanz
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition & Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
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Chen Z, Li S, Fu Y, Li C, Chen D, Chen H. Arabinoxylan structural characteristics, interaction with gut microbiota and potential health functions. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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