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Bai J, Chen Y, Sun Y, Wang X, Wang Y, Guo S, Shang Z, Shao Z. EphA2 promotes the transcription of KLF4 to facilitate stemness in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:278. [PMID: 38916835 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05325-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Ephrin receptor A2 (EphA2), a member of the Ephrin receptor family, is closely related to the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play essential roles in OSCC development and occurrence. The underlying mechanisms between EphA2 and CSCs, however, are not yet fully understood. Here, we found that EphA2 was overexpressed in OSCC tissues and was associated with poor prognosis. Knockdown of EphA2 dampened the CSC phenotype and the tumour-initiating frequency of OSCC cells. Crucially, the effects of EphA2 on the CSC phenotype relied on KLF4, a key transcription factor for CSCs. Mechanistically, EphA2 activated the ERK signalling pathway, promoting the nuclear translocation of YAP. Subsequently, YAP was bound to TEAD3, leading to the transcription of KLF4. Overall, our findings revealed that EphA2 can enhance the stemness of OSCC cells, and this study identified the EphA2/KLF4 axis as a potential target for treating OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunqing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinmiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shutian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengjun Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhe Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Day Surgery Center, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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2
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Sarmasti Emami S, Ge A, Zhang D, Hao Y, Ling M, Rubino R, Nicol CJB, Wang W, Yang X. Identification of PTPN12 Phosphatase as a Novel Negative Regulator of Hippo Pathway Effectors YAP/TAZ in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4064. [PMID: 38612874 PMCID: PMC11012486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway plays crucial roles in governing various biological processes during tumorigenesis and metastasis. Within this pathway, upstream signaling stimuli activate a core kinase cascade, involving MST1/2 and LATS1/2, that subsequently phosphorylates and inhibits the transcriptional co-activators YAP and its paralog TAZ. This inhibition modulates the transcriptional regulation of downstream target genes, impacting cell proliferation, migration, and death. Despite the acknowledged significance of protein kinases in the Hippo pathway, the regulatory influence of protein phosphatases remains largely unexplored. In this study, we conducted the first gain-of-functional screen for protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) regulating the Hippo pathway. Utilizing a LATS kinase biosensor (LATS-BS), a YAP/TAZ activity reporter (STBS-Luc), and a comprehensive PTP library, we identified numerous novel PTPs that play regulatory roles in the Hippo pathway. Subsequent experiments validated PTPN12, a master regulator of oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), as a previously unrecognized negative regulator of the Hippo pathway effectors, oncogenic YAP/TAZ, influencing breast cancer cell proliferation and migration. In summary, our findings offer valuable insights into the roles of PTPs in the Hippo signaling pathway, significantly contributing to our understanding of breast cancer biology and potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Sarmasti Emami
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (S.S.E.); (A.G.); (D.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.L.); (R.R.); (C.J.B.N.)
| | - Anni Ge
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (S.S.E.); (A.G.); (D.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.L.); (R.R.); (C.J.B.N.)
| | - Derek Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (S.S.E.); (A.G.); (D.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.L.); (R.R.); (C.J.B.N.)
| | - Yawei Hao
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (S.S.E.); (A.G.); (D.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.L.); (R.R.); (C.J.B.N.)
| | - Min Ling
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (S.S.E.); (A.G.); (D.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.L.); (R.R.); (C.J.B.N.)
| | - Rachel Rubino
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (S.S.E.); (A.G.); (D.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.L.); (R.R.); (C.J.B.N.)
| | - Christopher J. B. Nicol
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (S.S.E.); (A.G.); (D.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.L.); (R.R.); (C.J.B.N.)
| | - Wenqi Wang
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA;
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (S.S.E.); (A.G.); (D.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.L.); (R.R.); (C.J.B.N.)
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3
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Pipchuk A, Kelly T, Carew M, Nicol C, Yang X. Development of Novel Bioluminescent Biosensors Monitoring the Conformation and Activity of the Merlin Tumour Suppressor. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1527. [PMID: 38338806 PMCID: PMC10855677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Solid tumours can universally evade contact inhibition of proliferation (CIP), a mechanism halting cell proliferation when cell-cell contact occurs. Merlin, an ERM-like protein, crucially regulates CIP and is frequently deactivated in various cancers, indicating its significance as a tumour suppressor in cancer biology. Despite extensive investigations into Merlin's role in cancer, its lack of intrinsic catalytic activity and frequent conformation changes have made it notoriously challenging to study. To address this challenge, we harnessed innovative luciferase technologies to create and validate a NanoBiT split-luciferase biosensor system in which Merlin is cloned between two split components (LgBiT and SmBiT) of NanoLuc luciferase. This system enables precise quantification of Merlin's conformation and activity both in vitro and within living cells. This biosensor significantly enhances the study of Merlin's molecular functions, serving as a potent tool for exploring its contributions to CIP and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaolong Yang
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (A.P.); (T.K.); (M.C.); (C.N.)
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Petrohilos C, Patchett A, Hogg CJ, Belov K, Peel E. Tasmanian devil cathelicidins exhibit anticancer activity against Devil Facial Tumour Disease (DFTD) cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12698. [PMID: 37542170 PMCID: PMC10403513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39901-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) is endangered due to the spread of Devil Facial Tumour Disease (DFTD), a contagious cancer with no current treatment options. Here we test whether seven recently characterized Tasmanian devil cathelicidins are involved in cancer regulation. We measured DFTD cell viability in vitro following incubation with each of the seven peptides and describe the effect of each on gene expression in treated cells. Four cathelicidins (Saha-CATH3, 4, 5 and 6) were toxic to DFTD cells and caused general signs of cellular stress. The most toxic peptide (Saha-CATH5) also suppressed the ERBB and YAP1/TAZ signaling pathways, both of which have been identified as important drivers of cancer proliferation. Three cathelicidins induced inflammatory pathways in DFTD cells that may potentially recruit immune cells in vivo. This study suggests that devil cathelicidins have some anti-cancer and inflammatory functions and should be explored further to determine whether they have potential as treatment leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleopatra Petrohilos
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide & Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amanda Patchett
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Carolyn J Hogg
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide & Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Katherine Belov
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide & Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emma Peel
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide & Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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5
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Wang Z, Kim SY, Tu W, Kim J, Xu A, Yang YM, Matsuda M, Reolizo L, Tsuchiya T, Billet S, Gangi A, Noureddin M, Falk BA, Kim S, Fan W, Tighiouart M, You S, Lewis MS, Pandol SJ, Di Vizio D, Merchant A, Posadas EM, Bhowmick NA, Lu SC, Seki E. Extracellular vesicles in fatty liver promote a metastatic tumor microenvironment. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1209-1226.e13. [PMID: 37172577 PMCID: PMC10524732 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Liver metastasis is a major cause of death in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Fatty liver promotes liver metastasis, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We demonstrated that hepatocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in fatty liver enhanced the progression of CRC liver metastasis by promoting oncogenic Yes-associated protein (YAP) signaling and an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Fatty liver upregulated Rab27a expression, which facilitated EV production from hepatocytes. In the liver, these EVs transferred YAP signaling-regulating microRNAs to cancer cells to augment YAP activity by suppressing LATS2. Increased YAP activity in CRC liver metastasis with fatty liver promoted cancer cell growth and an immunosuppressive microenvironment by M2 macrophage infiltration through CYR61 production. Patients with CRC liver metastasis and fatty liver had elevated nuclear YAP expression, CYR61 expression, and M2 macrophage infiltration. Our data indicate that fatty liver-induced EV-microRNAs, YAP signaling, and an immunosuppressive microenvironment promote the growth of CRC liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Wang
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Wei Tu
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Jieun Kim
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Alexander Xu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Yoon Mee Yang
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Michitaka Matsuda
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Lien Reolizo
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Takashi Tsuchiya
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Sandrine Billet
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Alexandra Gangi
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Mazen Noureddin
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ben A Falk
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Sungjin Kim
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Wei Fan
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Mourad Tighiouart
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Sungyong You
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Michael S Lewis
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Department of Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Department of Pathology, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Stephen J Pandol
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Dolores Di Vizio
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Akil Merchant
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Edwin M Posadas
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Neil A Bhowmick
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Shelly C Lu
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Ekihiro Seki
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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Park M, Kuen DS, Park J, Choi M, Kim Y, Roh EC, Choi YJ, Kim YG, Chung Y, Cho SY, Kang KW. TYRO3 blockade enhances anti-PD-1 therapy response by modulating expression of CCN1 in tumor microenvironment. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-006084. [PMID: 36693679 PMCID: PMC9884874 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunological contexture differs across malignancies, and understanding it in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is essential for development of new anticancer agents in order to achieve synergistic effects with anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) therapy. TYRO3, AXL, and MERTK receptors are bi-expressed in both cancer and immune cells, and thus emerge as promising targets for therapeutic intervention. Whereas AXL and MERTK have been extensively studied, the role of TYRO3, in the TME, is still undetermined. METHODS Here, we screened the TYRO3-focused chemical library consisting of 208 compounds and presented a potent and highly selective TYRO3 inhibitor, KRCT87. We explored the role of TYRO3 using mouse engrafting MC38 or 4T1 tumors. We validated the results using flow cytometry, RNA sequencing analysis, gene knockdown or overexpression, ex vivo immune cells isolation from mouse models, immunoblotting and quantitative PCR. Flow cytometry was used for the quantification of cell populations and immunophenotyping of macrophages and T cells. Co-cultures of macrophages and T cells were performed to verify the role of CCN1 in the tumors. RESULTS TYRO3 blockade boosts antitumor immune responses in both the tumor-draining lymph nodes and tumors in MC38-syngeneic mice models. Moreover, the combination of KRCT87 and anti-PD-1 therapy exerts significant synergistic antitumor effects in anti-PD-1-non-responsive 4T1-syngeneic model. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that inhibition of TYRO3-driven CCN1 secretion fosters macrophages into M1-skewing phenotypes, thereby triggering antitumor T-cell responses. CCN1 overexpression in MC38 tumors diminishes responsiveness to anti-PD-1 therapy. CONCLUSIONS The activated TYRO3-CCN1 axis in cancer could dampen anti-PD-1 therapy responses. These findings highlight the potential of TYRO3 blockade to improve the clinical outcomes of anti-PD-1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miso Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Da-Sol Kuen
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaewoo Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Munkyung Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeonji Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Eun Chae Roh
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Yong June Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Gyoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Yeonseok Chung
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Yun Cho
- Department of Drug Discovery, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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7
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Masliantsev K, Mordrel M, Banor T, Desette A, Godet J, Milin S, Wager M, Karayan-Tapon L, Guichet PO. Yes-Associated Protein Nuclear Translocation Is Regulated by Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Activation Through Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog/AKT Axis in Glioblastomas. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100053. [PMID: 36801645 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2022.100053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common and lethal primary brain tumors in adults. Glioblastomas, the most frequent and aggressive form of gliomas, represent a therapeutic challenge as no curative treatment exists to date, and the prognosis remains extremely poor. Recently, the transcriptional cofactors Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) belonging to the Hippo pathway have emerged as a major determinant of malignancy in solid tumors, including gliomas. However, the mechanisms involved in its regulation, particularly in brain tumors, remain ill-defined. In glioblastomas, EGFR represents one of the most altered oncogenes affected by chromosomal rearrangements, mutations, amplifications, and overexpression. In this study, we investigated the potential link between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the transcriptional cofactors YAP and TAZ by in situ and in vitro approaches. We first studied their activation on tissue microarray, including 137 patients from different glioma molecular subtypes. We observed that YAP and TAZ nuclear location was highly associated with isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDH1/2) wild-type glioblastomas and poor patient outcomes. Interestingly, we found an association between EGFR activation and YAP nuclear location in glioblastoma clinical samples, suggesting a link between these 2 markers contrary to its ortholog TAZ. We tested this hypothesis in patient-derived glioblastoma cultures by pharmacologic inhibition of EGFR using gefinitib. We showed an increase of S397-YAP phosphorylation associated with decreased AKT phosphorylation after EGFR inhibition in phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) wild-type cultures, unlike PTEN-mutated cell lines. Finally, we used bpV(HOpic), a potent PTEN inhibitor, to mimic the effect of PTEN mutations. We found that the inhibition of PTEN was sufficient to revert back the effect induced by Gefitinib in PTEN-wild-type cultures. Altogether, to our knowledge, these results show for the first time the regulation of pS397-YAP by the EGFR-AKT axis in a PTEN-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Masliantsev
- Université de Poitiers, CHU de Poitiers, ProDiCeT, Poitiers, France; Laboratoire de Cancérologie Biologique, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Margaux Mordrel
- Université de Poitiers, CHU de Poitiers, ProDiCeT, Poitiers, France; Service d'Oncologie Médicale CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Tania Banor
- Service de Neurochirurgie, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Amandine Desette
- Université de Poitiers, CHU de Poitiers, ProDiCeT, Poitiers, France; Laboratoire de Cancérologie Biologique, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Julie Godet
- Service d'Anatomo-Cytopathologie, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Serge Milin
- Université de Poitiers, CHU de Poitiers, ProDiCeT, Poitiers, France; Service d'Anatomo-Cytopathologie, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Michel Wager
- Université de Poitiers, CHU de Poitiers, ProDiCeT, Poitiers, France; Service de Neurochirurgie, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Lucie Karayan-Tapon
- Université de Poitiers, CHU de Poitiers, ProDiCeT, Poitiers, France; Laboratoire de Cancérologie Biologique, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Pierre-Olivier Guichet
- Université de Poitiers, CHU de Poitiers, ProDiCeT, Poitiers, France; Laboratoire de Cancérologie Biologique, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
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8
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Loss-of-function mutations of SOX17 lead to YAP/TEAD activation-dependent malignant transformation in endometrial cancer. Oncogene 2023; 42:322-334. [PMID: 36446891 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02550-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant hyperactivation of the Hippo pathway effector YAP/TEAD complex causes tissue overgrowth and tumorigenesis in various cancers, including endometrial cancer (EC). The transcription factor SOX17 (SRY [sex-determining region Y]-box 17) is frequently mutated in EC; however, SOX17 mutations are rare in other cancer types. The molecular mechanisms underlying SOX17 mutation-induced EC tumorigenesis remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that SOX17 serves as a tumor suppressor to restrict the proliferation, migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent growth of EC cells, partly by suppressing the transcriptional outputs of the Hippo-YAP/TEAD pathway. SOX17 binds to TEAD transcription factors through its HMG domain and attenuates the DNA-binding ability of TEAD. SOX17 loss by inactivating mutations leads to the malignant transformation of EC cells, which can be reversed by small-molecule inhibitors of YAP/TEAD or cabozantinib, an FDA-approved drug targeting the YAP/TEAD transcriptional target AXL. Our findings reveal novel molecular mechanisms underlying Hippo-YAP/TEAD pathway-driven EC tumorigenesis, and suggest potential therapeutic strategies targeting the Hippo-YAP/TEAD pathway in SOX17-mutated EC.
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9
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LCK inhibition downregulates YAP activity and is therapeutic in patient-derived models of cholangiocarcinoma. J Hepatol 2023; 78:142-152. [PMID: 36162702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS There is an unmet need to develop novel, effective medical therapies for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). The Hippo pathway effector, Yes-associated protein (YAP), is oncogenic in CCA, but has historically been difficult to target therapeutically. Recently, we described a novel role for the LCK proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase (LCK) in activating YAP through tyrosine phosphorylation. This led to the hypothesis that LCK is a viable therapeutic target in CCA via regulation of YAP activity. METHODS A novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor with relative selectivity for LCK, NTRC 0652-0, was pharmacodynamically profiled in vitro and in CCA cells. A panel of eight CCA patient-derived organoids were characterized and tested for sensitivity to NTRC 0652-0. Two patient-derived xenograft models bearing fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2)-rearrangements were utilized for in vivo assessment of pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and efficacy. RESULTS NTRC 0652-0 demonstrated selectivity for LCK inhibition in vitro and in CCA cells. LCK inhibition with NTRC 0652-0 led to decreased tyrosine phosphorylation, nuclear localization, and co-transcriptional activity of YAP, and resulted in apoptotic cell death in CCA cell lines. A subset of tested patient-derived organoids demonstrated sensitivity to NTRC 0652-0. CCAs with FGFR2 fusions were identified as a potentially susceptible and clinically relevant genetic subset. In patient-derived xenograft models of FGFR2 fusion-positive CCA, daily oral treatment with NTRC 0652-0 resulted in stable plasma and tumor drug levels, acceptable toxicity, decreased YAP tyrosine phosphorylation, and significantly decreased tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS A novel LCK inhibitor, NTRC 0652-0, inhibited YAP signaling and demonstrated preclinical efficacy in CCA cell lines, and patient-derived organoid and xenograft models. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Although aberrant YAP activation is frequently seen in CCA, YAP targeted therapies are not yet clinically available. Herein we show that a novel LCK-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor (NTRC 0652-0) effectively inhibits YAP tyrosine phosphorylation and cotranscriptional activity and is well tolerated and cytotoxic in multiple preclinical models. The data suggest this approach may be effective in CCA with YAP dependence or FGFR2 fusions, and these findings warrant further investigation in phase I clinical trials.
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Huang QH, Zhang J, Cho WCS, Huang Y, Yang W, Zuo Z, Xian YF, Lin ZX. Brusatol suppresses the tumor growth and metastasis of colorectal cancer via upregulating ARRDC4 expression through modulating PI3K/YAP1/TAZ Pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 109:154567. [PMID: 36610120 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers with high metastasis and lethality. Arrestin domain-containing 4 (ARRDC4) is involved in inhibiting cancer glycolytic phenotypes. Brusatol (BR), extracted from Bruceae Fructus, exerts good anti-cancer effects against a number of cancers. PURPOSE In the present study, we aimed to explore the efficacy of BR on inhibiting CRC metastasis and elucidate the underlying mechanisms involving the upregulation of the ARRDC4 expression. METHODS Cell viability, colony formation, wound healing and transwell assay were used to detect the anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic effects of BR against CRC in vitro. Microarray analysis was performed to find out differential genes in CRC cells after treatment with BR. Analysis of the CRC patients tumor samples and GEPIA database were first conducted to identify the expression of ARRDC4 on CRC. Stable overexpression and knockdown of ARRDC4 CRC cells were established by lentiviral transfection. The role of ARRDC4 in mediating the anti-metastatic effects of BR on CRC was measured using qRT-PCR, western blotting, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analysis. Orthotopic xenograft and pulmonary metastasis mouse models of CRC were established to determine the anti-cancer and anti-metastatic effects of ARRDC4 and BR. RESULTS BR markedly suppressed the cell proliferation, migration, invasion and inhibited tumor growth and tumor metastasis. Microarray analysis demonstrated that BR treatment markedly increased the gene expression of ARRDC4 in CRC cells. ARRDC4 was significantly repressed in CRC in the clinical samples and GEPIA analysis. ARRDC4 overexpression plus BR produced better inhibitory effects on CRC metastasis than BR treatment alone, while ARRDC4 knockdown could partially eliminate the inhibitory effects of BR against CRC metastasis. BR exerted anti-metastatic effects against CRC via upregulating ARRDC4 and inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) processing through modulating PI3K/Hippo pathway. CONCLUSION This study reported for the first time that BR is a potent ARRDC4 agonist, and is worthy of further development into a new therapeutic strategy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong-Hui Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Juan Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - William Chi Shing Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Yanfeng Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Wen Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Zhong Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
| | - Yan-Fang Xian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
| | - Zhi-Xiu Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, PR China; Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
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11
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Garcia-Rendueles MER, Krishnamoorthy G, Saqcena M, Acuña-Ruiz A, Revilla G, de Stanchina E, Knauf JA, Lester R, Xu B, Ghossein RA, Fagin JA. Yap governs a lineage-specific neuregulin1 pathway-driven adaptive resistance to RAF kinase inhibitors. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:213. [PMID: 36476495 PMCID: PMC9730579 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01676-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inactivation of the Hippo pathway promotes Yap nuclear translocation, enabling execution of a transcriptional program that induces tissue growth. Genetic lesions of Hippo intermediates only identify a minority of cancers with illegitimate YAP activation. Yap has been implicated in resistance to targeted therapies, but the mechanisms by which YAP may impact adaptive resistance to MAPK inhibitors are unknown. METHODS We screened 52 thyroid cancer cell lines for illegitimate nuclear YAP localization by immunofluorescence and fractionation of cell lysates. We engineered a doxycycline (dox)-inducible thyroid-specific mouse model expressing constitutively nuclear YAPS127A, alone or in combination with endogenous expression of either HrasG12V or BrafV600E. We also generated cell lines expressing dox-inducible sh-miR-E-YAP and/or YAPS127A. We used cell viability, invasion assays, immunofluorescence, Western blotting, qRT-PCRs, flow cytometry and cell sorting, high-throughput bulk RNA sequencing and in vivo tumorigenesis to investigate YAP dependency and response of BRAF-mutant cells to vemurafenib. RESULTS We found that 27/52 thyroid cancer cell lines had constitutively aberrant YAP nuclear localization when cultured at high density (NU-YAP), which rendered them dependent on YAP for viability, invasiveness and sensitivity to the YAP-TEAD complex inhibitor verteporfin, whereas cells with confluency-driven nuclear exclusion of YAP (CYT-YAP) were not. Treatment of BRAF-mutant thyroid cancer cells with RAF kinase inhibitors resulted in YAP nuclear translocation and activation of its transcriptional output. Resistance to vemurafenib in BRAF-mutant thyroid cells was driven by YAP-dependent NRG1, HER2 and HER3 activation across all isogenic human and mouse thyroid cell lines tested, which was abrogated by silencing YAP and relieved by pan-HER kinase inhibitors. YAP activation induced analogous changes in BRAF melanoma, but not colorectal cells. CONCLUSIONS YAP activation in thyroid cancer generates a dependency on this transcription factor. YAP governs adaptive resistance to RAF kinase inhibitors and induces a gene expression program in BRAFV600E-mutant cells encompassing effectors in the NRG1 signaling pathway, which play a central role in the insensitivity to MAPK inhibitors in a lineage-dependent manner. HIPPO pathway inactivation serves as a lineage-dependent rheostat controlling the magnitude of the adaptive relief of feedback responses to MAPK inhibitors in BRAF-V600E cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. R. Garcia-Rendueles
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA ,grid.482878.90000 0004 0500 5302IMDEA Food Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gnana Krishnamoorthy
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Mahesh Saqcena
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Adrian Acuña-Ruiz
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Giovanna Revilla
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Knauf
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA ,grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Rona Lester
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Bin Xu
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XWeill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY USA
| | - Ronald A. Ghossein
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XWeill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY USA
| | - James A. Fagin
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA ,grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XWeill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY USA
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12
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Ornitz DM, Itoh N. New developments in the biology of fibroblast growth factors. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1549. [PMID: 35142107 PMCID: PMC10115509 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family is composed of 18 secreted signaling proteins consisting of canonical FGFs and endocrine FGFs that activate four receptor tyrosine kinases (FGFRs 1-4) and four intracellular proteins (intracellular FGFs or iFGFs) that primarily function to regulate the activity of voltage-gated sodium channels and other molecules. The canonical FGFs, endocrine FGFs, and iFGFs have been reviewed extensively by us and others. In this review, we briefly summarize past reviews and then focus on new developments in the FGF field since our last review in 2015. Some of the highlights in the past 6 years include the use of optogenetic tools, viral vectors, and inducible transgenes to experimentally modulate FGF signaling, the clinical use of small molecule FGFR inhibitors, an expanded understanding of endocrine FGF signaling, functions for FGF signaling in stem cell pluripotency and differentiation, roles for FGF signaling in tissue homeostasis and regeneration, a continuing elaboration of mechanisms of FGF signaling in development, and an expanding appreciation of roles for FGF signaling in neuropsychiatric diseases. This article is categorized under: Cardiovascular Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Congenital Diseases > Stem Cells and Development Cancer > Stem Cells and Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Itoh
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
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YAP and TAZ: Monocorial and bicorial transcriptional co-activators in human cancers. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188756. [PMID: 35777600 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional regulators YAP and TAZ are involved in numerous physiological processes including organ development, growth, immunity and tissue regeneration. YAP and TAZ dysregulation also contribute to tumorigenesis, thereby making them attractive cancer therapeutic targets. Arbitrarily, YAP and TAZ are often considered as a single protein, and are referred to as YAP/TAZ in most studies. However, increasing experimental evidences documented that YAP and TAZ perform both overlapping and distinct functions in several physiological and pathological processes. In addition to regulating distinct processes, YAP and TAZ are also regulated by distinct upstream cues. The aim of the review is to describe the distinct roles of YAP and TAZ focusing particularly on cancer. Therapeutic strategies targeting either YAP and TAZ proteins or only one of them should be carefully evaluated. Selective targeting of YAP or TAZ may in fact impair different pathways and determine diverse clinical outputs.
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14
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Truong D, Cherradi-Lamhamedi SE, Ludwig JA. Targeting the IGF/PI3K/mTOR Pathway and AXL/YAP1/TAZ pathways in Primary Bone Cancer. J Bone Oncol 2022; 33:100419. [PMID: 35251924 PMCID: PMC8892134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2022.100419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary bone cancers (PBC) belong to the family of mesenchymal tumors classified based on their cellular origin, extracellular matrix, genetic regulation, and epigenetic modification. The three major PBC types, Ewing sarcoma, osteosarcoma, and chondrosarcoma, are frequently aggressive tumors, highly metastatic, and typically occur in children and young adults. Despite their distinct origins and pathogenesis, these sarcoma subtypes rely upon common signaling pathways to promote tumor progression, metastasis, and survival. The IGF/PI3K/mTOR and AXL/YAP/TAZ pathways, in particular, have gained significant attention recently given their ties to oncogenesis, cell fate and differentiation, metastasis, and drug resistance. Naturally, these pathways – and their protein constituents – have caught the eye of the pharmaceutical industry, and a wide array of small molecule inhibitors and antibody drug-conjugates have emerged. Here, we review how the IGF/PI3K/mTOR and AXL/YAP/TAZ pathways promote PBC and highlight the drug candidates under clinical trial investigation.
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15
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Azad T, Janse van Rensburg HJ, Morgan J, Rezaei R, Crupi MJF, Chen R, Ghahremani M, Jamalkhah M, Forbes N, Ilkow C, Bell JC. Luciferase-Based Biosensors in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic. ACS NANOSCIENCE AU 2021; 1:15-37. [PMID: 37579261 PMCID: PMC8370122 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.1c00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Luciferase-based biosensors have a wide range of applications and assay formats, including their relatively recent use in the study of viruses. Split luciferase, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer, circularly permuted luciferase, cyclic luciferase, and dual luciferase systems have all been used to interrogate the structure and function of prominent viruses infecting humans, animals, and plants. The utility of these assays is demonstrated by numerous studies which have not only successfully characterized interactions between viral and host cell proteins but that have also used these systems to identify viral inhibitors. In the present COVID-19 pandemic, luciferase-based biosensors are already playing a critical role in the study of the culprit virus SARS-CoV-2 as well as in the development of serological assays and drug development via high-throughput screening. In this review paper, we provide a summary of existing luciferase-based biosensors and their applications in virology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Azad
- Centre
for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital
Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department
of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | | | - Jessica Morgan
- Centre
for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital
Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department
of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Reza Rezaei
- Centre
for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital
Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department
of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Mathieu J. F. Crupi
- Centre
for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital
Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department
of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Rui Chen
- Centre
for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital
Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department
of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Mina Ghahremani
- Canada
Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Monire Jamalkhah
- Centre
for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital
Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department
of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Nicole Forbes
- Centre
for Communicable Diseases and Infection Control, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa K2E 1B6, Canada
| | - Carolina Ilkow
- Centre
for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital
Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department
of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - John C. Bell
- Centre
for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital
Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department
of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
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16
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Ghassemi H, Hashemnia M, Mousavibahar SH, Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini H, Mirhosseini SA. Positive Association of Matrix Proteins Alteration with TAZ and The Progression of High-Grade Bladder Cancer. CELL JOURNAL 2021; 23:742-749. [PMID: 34979063 PMCID: PMC8753103 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2021.7661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective Bladder cancer is the 9th cause of human urologic malignancy and the 13th of death worldwide.
Increased collagen cross-linking, NIDOGEN1 expression and consequently stiffness of extracellular matrix (ECM) may
be responsible for the mechanotransduction and regulation of transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ)
and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) signaling pathways, resulting in progression of tumorigenesis. The present
study aimed to assess whether type 1 collagen expression is associated with TAZ nuclear localization. Materials and Methods In this case-control study, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain
reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical analysis were performed to evaluate the activation of the TAZ pathway
in patients with bladder cancer (n=40) and healthy individuals (n=20). The ELISA method was also conducted to
measure the serum concentrations of TGF-β1. Masson’s trichrome staining was carried out to histologically evaluate
the density of type 1 collagen.
Results Our findings that the expression levels of COL1A1, COL1A2, NIDOGEN1, TAZ, and TGF-β1 genes were
overexpressed in patients with bladder cancer, and their expression levels were positively associated with the grade
of bladder cancer. The immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that the nuclear localization of TAZ was markedly
correlated with high-grade bladder cancer. We also found that TAZ nuclear localization was substantially higher in
cancerous tissues as compared with normal bladder tissues. Masson's trichrome staining showed that the tissue density
of type I collagen was considerably increased in patients with bladder cancer as compared with healthy subjects.
Conclusion According to our findings, it seems the alterations in the expression of type I collagen and NIDOGEN1,
as well as TAZ nuclear localization influence the progression of bladder cancer. The significance of TGF-β1 and TAZ
expression in tumorigenesis and progression to high-grade bladder cancer was also highlighted. However, a possible
relationship between TGF-β1 expression and the Hippo pathway needs further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Ghassemi
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemnia
- Department of Pathobiology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Hamideh Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Ali Mirhosseini
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Jamadar A, Suma SM, Mathew S, Fields TA, Wallace DP, Calvet JP, Rao R. The tyrosine-kinase inhibitor Nintedanib ameliorates autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:947. [PMID: 34650051 PMCID: PMC8517027 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04248-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited kidney disease and is characterized by progressive growth of fluid-filled cysts. Growth factors binding to receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) stimulate cell proliferation and cyst growth in PKD. Nintedanib, a triple RTK inhibitor, targets the vascular endothelial growth-factor receptor (VEGFR), platelet-derived growth-factor receptor (PDGFR), and fibroblast growth-factor receptor (FGFR), and is an approved drug for the treatment of non-small-cell lung carcinoma and idiopathic lung fibrosis. To determine if RTK inhibition using nintedanib can slow ADPKD progression, we tested its effect on human ADPKD renal cyst epithelial cells and myofibroblasts in vitro, and on Pkd1f/fPkhd1Cre and Pkd1RC/RC, orthologous mouse models of ADPKD. Nintedanib significantly inhibited cell proliferation and in vitro cyst growth of human ADPKD renal cyst epithelial cells, and cell viability and migration of human ADPKD renal myofibroblasts. Consistently, nintedanib treatment significantly reduced kidney-to-body-weight ratio, renal cystic index, cystic epithelial cell proliferation, and blood-urea nitrogen levels in both the Pkd1f/fPkhd1Cre and Pkd1RC/RC mice. There was a corresponding reduction in ERK, AKT, STAT3, and mTOR activity and expression of proproliferative factors, including Yes-associated protein (YAP), c-Myc, and Cyclin D1. Nintedanib treatment significantly reduced fibrosis in Pkd1RC/RC mice, but did not affect renal fibrosis in Pkd1f/fPkhd1Cre mice. Overall, these results suggest that nintedanib may be repurposed to effectively slow cyst growth in ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeda Jamadar
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Sreenath M Suma
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Sijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Timothy A Fields
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Darren P Wallace
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - James P Calvet
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Reena Rao
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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18
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Li M, Ning J, Wang J, Yan Q, Zhao K, Jia X. SETD7 regulates chondrocyte differentiation and glycolysis via the Hippo signaling pathway and HIF‑1α. Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:210. [PMID: 34617577 PMCID: PMC8510680 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.5043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrocytes are well adapted to hypoxia and produce more functional extracellular matrix in low oxygen environments in vitro. In our previous study, methyltransferase SET domain containing (SETD)7 regulated chondrocyte activity in hypoxic conditions. However, the precise association between SETD7 and chondrocyte differentiation under low oxygen partial pressure remains unclear. The association between SETD7 and chondrocyte differentiation was studied by silencing SETD7 in chondrocytes in vitro. The results showed that the silencing of SETD7 in ATDC5 cells inhibited the Hippo signaling pathway, decreased Yes-associated protein (YAP) phosphorylation and increased the levels of YAP and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in the nucleus. YAP combined with HIF-1α to form a complex that promoted the expression of genes involved in chondrogenic differentiation and the glycolytic pathway. Thus, SETD7 inhibited chondrocyte differentiation and glycolysis via the Hippo signaling pathway. The present study demonstrated that SETD7 was a potential molecular target that maintained the chondrocyte phenotype during cartilage tissue engineering and cartilage-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoquan Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Jinqiu Ning
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Jiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510140, P.R. China
| | - Qiqian Yan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoshi Jia
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
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Kim J, Lim H, Moon S, Cho SY, Kim M, Park JH, Park HW, No KT. Hot Spot Analysis of YAP-TEAD Protein-Protein Interaction Using the Fragment Molecular Orbital Method and Its Application for Inhibitor Discovery. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4246. [PMID: 34439400 PMCID: PMC8391968 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is an important signaling pathway modulating growth control and cancer cell proliferation. Dysregulation of the Hippo pathway is a common feature of several types of cancer cells. The modulation of the interaction between yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional enhancer associated domain (TEAD) in the Hippo pathway is considered an attractive target for cancer therapeutic development, although the inhibition of PPI is a challenging task. In order to investigate the hot spots of the YAP and TEAD1 interacting complex, an ab initio Fragment Molecular Orbital (FMO) method was introduced. With the hot spots, pharmacophores for the inhibitor design were constructed, then virtual screening was performed to an in-house library. Next, we performed molecular docking simulations and FMO calculations for screening results to study the binding modes and affinities between PPI inhibitors and TEAD1. As a result of the virtual screening, three compounds were selected as virtual hit compounds. In order to confirm their biological activities, cellular (luciferase activity, proximity ligation assay and wound healing assay in A375 cells, qRT-PCR in HEK 293T cells) and biophysical assays (surface plasmon resonance assays) were performed. Based on the findings of the study, we propose a novel PPI inhibitor BY03 and demonstrate a profitable strategy to analyze YAP-TEAD PPI and discover novel PPI inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongwan Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Design Research Center (BMDRC), Incheon 21983, Korea
| | - Hocheol Lim
- The Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Integrative Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea;
| | - Sungho Moon
- Baobab AiBIO Co., Ltd., Incheon 21983, Korea; (S.M.); (S.Y.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Seon Yeon Cho
- Baobab AiBIO Co., Ltd., Incheon 21983, Korea; (S.M.); (S.Y.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Minhye Kim
- Baobab AiBIO Co., Ltd., Incheon 21983, Korea; (S.M.); (S.Y.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Jae Hyung Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.H.P.); (H.W.P.)
| | - Hyun Woo Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.H.P.); (H.W.P.)
| | - Kyoung Tai No
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Design Research Center (BMDRC), Incheon 21983, Korea
- Baobab AiBIO Co., Ltd., Incheon 21983, Korea; (S.M.); (S.Y.C.); (M.K.)
- Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea
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20
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Van Sciver N, Ohashi M, Pauly NP, Bristol JA, Nelson SE, Johannsen EC, Kenney SC. Hippo signaling effectors YAP and TAZ induce Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) lytic reactivation through TEADs in epithelial cells. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009783. [PMID: 34339458 PMCID: PMC8360610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) human herpesvirus is associated with B-cell and epithelial-cell malignancies, and both the latent and lytic forms of viral infection contribute to the development of EBV-associated tumors. Here we show that the Hippo signaling effectors, YAP and TAZ, promote lytic EBV reactivation in epithelial cells. The transcriptional co-activators YAP/TAZ (which are inhibited by Hippo signaling) interact with DNA-binding proteins, particularly TEADs, to induce transcription. We demonstrate that depletion of either YAP or TAZ inhibits the ability of phorbol ester (TPA) treatment, cellular differentiation or the EBV BRLF1 immediate-early (IE) protein to induce lytic EBV reactivation in oral keratinocytes, and show that over-expression of constitutively active forms of YAP and TAZ reactivate lytic EBV infection in conjunction with TEAD family members. Mechanistically, we find that YAP and TAZ interact with, and activate, the EBV BZLF1 immediate-early promoter. Furthermore, we demonstrate that YAP, TAZ, and TEAD family members are expressed at much higher levels in epithelial cell lines in comparison to B-cell lines, and find that EBV infection of oral keratinocytes increases the level of activated (dephosphorylated) YAP and TAZ. Finally, we have discovered that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a known YAP/TAZ activator that plays an important role in inflammation, induces EBV lytic reactivation in epithelial cells through a YAP/TAZ dependent mechanism. Together these results establish that YAP/TAZ are powerful inducers of the lytic form of EBV infection and suggest that the ability of EBV to enter latency in B cells at least partially reflects the extremely low levels of YAP/TAZ and TEADs in this cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Van Sciver
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Makoto Ohashi
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Nicholas P. Pauly
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jillian A. Bristol
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Scott E. Nelson
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Eric C. Johannsen
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Shannon C. Kenney
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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21
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Ghura H, Keimer M, von Au A, Hackl N, Klemis V, Nakchbandi IA. Inhibition of fibronectin accumulation suppresses tumor growth. Neoplasia 2021; 23:837-850. [PMID: 34298233 PMCID: PMC8322122 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how the extracellular matrix affects cancer development constitutes an emerging research field. Fibronectin and collagen are two intriguing matrix components found in cancer. Large concentrations of fibronectin or collagen type I have been implicated in poor prognosis in patients. In a mouse model, we had shown that genetically decreasing circulating fibronectin resulted in smaller tumors. We therefore aimed to manipulate fibronectin pharmacologically and determine how cancer development is affected. Deletion of fibronectin in human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) using shRNA (knockdown: Kd) improved survival and diminished tumor burden in a model of metastatic lesions and in a model of local growth. Based on these findings, it seemed reasonable to attempt to prevent fibronectin accumulation using a bacterial derived peptide called pUR4. Treatment with this peptide for 10 days in the breast cancer local growth model or for 5 days in a melanoma skin cancer model (B16) was associated with a significant suppression of cancer growth. Treatment aimed at inhibiting collagen type I accumulation without interfering with fibronectin could not affect any changes in vivo. In the absence of fibronectin, diminished cancer progression was due to inhibition of proliferation, even though changes in blood vessels were also detected. Decreased proliferation could be attributed to decreased ERK phosphorylation and diminished YAP expression. In summary, manipulating fibronectin diminishes cancer progression, mostly by suppressing cell proliferation. This suggests that matrix modulation could be used as an adjuvant to conventional therapy as long as a decrease in fibronectin is obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Ghura
- Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marin Keimer
- Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja von Au
- Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norman Hackl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena Klemis
- Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Inaam A Nakchbandi
- Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Max-Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany; Max-Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.
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22
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Ghaffari T, Hong JH, Asnaashari S, Farajnia S, Delazar A, Hamishehkar H, Kim KH. Natural Phytochemicals Derived from Gymnosperms in the Prevention and Treatment of Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6636. [PMID: 34205739 PMCID: PMC8234227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of various types of cancer is increasing globally. To reduce the critical side effects of cancer chemotherapy, naturally derived compounds have been considered for cancer treatment. Gymnosperms are a group of plants found worldwide that have traditionally been used for therapeutic applications. Paclitaxel is a commercially available anticancer drug derived from gymnosperms. Other natural compounds with anticancer activities, such as pinostrobin and pinocembrin, are extracted from pine heartwood, and pycnogenol and enzogenol from pine bark. Gymnosperms have great potential for further study for the discovery of new anticancer compounds. This review aims to provide a rational understanding and the latest developments in potential anticancer compounds derived from gymnosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyebeh Ghaffari
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 15731, Iran; (T.G.); (S.F.)
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 15731, Iran
| | - Joo-Hyun Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Solmaz Asnaashari
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 15731, Iran;
| | - Safar Farajnia
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 15731, Iran; (T.G.); (S.F.)
| | - Abbas Delazar
- Research Center for Evidence based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 15731, Iran;
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 15731, Iran; (T.G.); (S.F.)
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
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23
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Wu B, Tang X, Ke H, Zhou Q, Zhou Z, Tang S, Ke R. Gene Regulation Network of Prognostic Biomarker YAP1 in Human Cancers: An Integrated Bioinformatics Study. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:1609768. [PMID: 34257617 PMCID: PMC8262238 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.1609768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) is the main downstream effector of the Hippo signaling pathway, which is involved in tumorigenesis. This study aimed to comprehensively understand the prognostic performances of YAP1 expression and its potential mechanism in pan-cancers by mining databases. Methods: The YAP1 expression was evaluated by the Oncomine database and GEPIA tool. The clinical significance of YAP1 expression was analyzed by the UALCAN, GEPIA, and DriverDBv3 database. Then, the co-expressed genes with YAP1 were screened by the LinkedOmics, and annotated by the Metascape and DAVID database. Additionally, by the MitoMiner 4.0 v tool, the YAP1 co-expressed genes were screened to obtain the YAP1-associated mitochondrial genes that were further enriched by DAVID and analyzed by MCODE for the hub genes. Results: YAP1 was differentially expressed in human cancers. Higher YAP1 expression was significantly associated with poorer overall survival and disease-free survival in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), brain Lower Grade Glioma (LGG), and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). The LinkedOmics analysis revealed 923 co-expressed genes with YAP1 in adrenocortical carcinoma, LGG and PAAD. The 923 genes mainly participated in mitochondrial functions including mitochondrial gene expression and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I assembly. Of the 923 genes, 112 mitochondrial genes were identified by MitoMiner 4.0 v and significantly enriched in oxidative phosphorylation. The MCODE analysis identified three hub genes including CHCHD1, IDH3G and NDUFAF5. Conclusion: Our findings showed that the YAP1 overexpression could be a biomarker for poor prognosis in ACC, LGG and PAAD. Specifically, the YAP1 co-expression genes were mainly involved in the regulation of mitochondrial function especially in oxidative phosphorylation. Thus, our findings provided evidence of the carcinogenesis of YAP1 in human cancers and new insights into the mechanisms underlying the role of YAP1 in mitochondrial dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojin Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinjie Tang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Honglin Ke
- Department of Emergency, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Statistics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Zhaoping Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shao Tang
- Department of Statistics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Ronghu Ke
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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24
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Chen J, Wan R, Li Q, Rao Z, Wang Y, Zhang L, Teichmann AT. Utilizing the Hippo pathway as a therapeutic target for combating endocrine-resistant breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:306. [PMID: 34112175 PMCID: PMC8194146 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01999-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is always a great obstacle in any endocrine therapy of breast cancer. Although the combination of endocrine therapy and targeted therapy has been shown to significantly improve prognosis, refractory endocrine resistance is still common. Dysregulation of the Hippo pathway is often related to the occurrence and the development of many tumors. Targeted therapies of this pathway have played important roles in the study of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Targeting the Hippo pathway in combination with chemotherapy or other targeted therapies has been shown to significantly improve specific antitumor effects and reduce cancer antidrug resistance. Further exploration has shown that the Hippo pathway is closely related to endocrine resistance, and it plays a "co-correlation point" role in numerous pathways involving endocrine resistance, including related pathways in breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). Agents and miRNAs targeting the components of the Hippo pathway are expected to significantly enhance the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to endocrine therapy. This review initially explains the possible mechanism of the Hippo pathway in combating endocrine resistance, and it concludes by recommending endocrine therapy in combination with therapies targeting the Hippo pathway in the study of endocrine-resistant breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Provincial Center for Gynaecology and Breast Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Runlan Wan
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinqin Li
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Provincial Center for Gynaecology and Breast Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Zhenghuan Rao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Provincial Center for Gynaecology and Breast Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Alexander Tobias Teichmann
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China. .,Sichuan Provincial Center for Gynaecology and Breast Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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25
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Wang H, Zhang H, Sun Z, Chen W, Miao C. GABAB receptor inhibits tumor progression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the regulation of Hippo/YAP1 pathway in colorectal cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:1953-1962. [PMID: 34131398 PMCID: PMC8193267 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.58135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Type B Receptor (GABABR) plays essential roles in tumor progression. However, the function of GABABR in colorectal cancer (CRC) needs further clarification. As the main part of GABABR, GABABR1 expression was identified significantly lower in tumor tissues than those in non-tumor normal tissues and that CRC patients with high GABABR1 expression lived longer. Further studies indicated that knockdown of GABABR1 elevated CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, knockdown of GABABR1 activated the expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins N-cadherin and Vimentin, whereas decrease the protein level of E-cadherin. In addition, activation of Hippo/YAP1 signaling contributes to the GABABR1 down-regulation promoted proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT in CRC cells. At last, we verified the contribution of Hippo/YAP1 signaling in the GABABR1 down-regulation impaired biological phenotype of colon cancer cells in vivo. In summary, these data indicate that GABABR1 impairs the migration and invasion of CRC cells by inhibiting EMT and the Hippo/YAP1 pathway, suggesting that GABABR1 could be a potential therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Cancer Center, ZhongShan Hospital, Fudan University; 180# Feng-Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhirong Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wankun Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Cancer Center, ZhongShan Hospital, Fudan University; 180# Feng-Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Fudan Zhangjiang Institute, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Changhong Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Cancer Center, ZhongShan Hospital, Fudan University; 180# Feng-Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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26
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Park M, Kim JW, Kim KM, Kang S, Kim W, Kim JK, Cho Y, Lee H, Baek MC, Bae JH, Lee SH, Jeong SB, Lim SC, Jun DW, Cho SY, Kim Y, Choi YJ, Kang KW. Circulating Small Extracellular Vesicles Activate TYRO3 to Drive Cancer Metastasis and Chemoresistance. Cancer Res 2021; 81:3539-3553. [PMID: 33910929 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) in the tumor microenvironment have emerged as crucial mediators that promote proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance. However, the role of circulating small EVs (csEV) in cancer progression remains poorly understood. In this study, we report that csEV facilitate cancer progression and determine its molecular mechanism. csEVs strongly promoted the migration of cancer cells via interaction with phosphatidylserine of csEVs. Among the three TAM receptors, TYRO3, AXL, and MerTK, TYRO3 mainly interacted with csEVs. csEV-mediated TYRO3 activation promoted migration and metastasis via the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stimulation of RhoA in invasive cancer cells. Additionally, csEV-TYRO3 interaction induced YAP activation, which led to increased cell proliferation and chemoresistance. Combination treatment with gefitinib and KRCT-6j, a selective TYRO3 inhibitor, significantly reduced tumor volume in xenografts implanted with gefitinib-resistant non-small cell lung cancer cells. The results of this study show that TYRO3 activation by csEVs facilitates cancer cell migration and chemoresistance by activation of RhoA or YAP, indicating that the csEV/TYRO3 interaction may serve as a potential therapeutic target for aggressive cancers in the clinic. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate that circulating extracellular vesicles are a novel driver in migration and survival of aggressive cancer cells via TYRO3 activation. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/81/13/3539/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miso Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Kyu Min Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Kang
- Department of Life Science, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- KaiPharm, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wankyu Kim
- Department of Life Science, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ki Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngnam Cho
- Biomarker Branch, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungjae Lee
- Biomarker Branch, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Chang Baek
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hyun Bae
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Baek Jeong
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chul Lim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Jun
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yun Cho
- Department of Drug Discovery, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonji Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong June Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Das TK, Gatto J, Mirmira R, Hourizadeh E, Kaufman D, Gelb BD, Cagan R. Drosophila RASopathy models identify disease subtype differences and biomarkers of drug efficacy. iScience 2021; 24:102306. [PMID: 33855281 PMCID: PMC8026909 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RASopathies represent a family of mostly autosomal dominant diseases that are caused by missense variants in the rat sarcoma viral oncogene/mitogen activated protein kinase (RAS/MAPK) pathway including KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, RAF1, and SHP2. These variants are associated with overlapping but distinct phenotypes that affect the heart, craniofacial, skeletal, lymphatic, and nervous systems. Here, we report an analysis of 13 Drosophila transgenic lines, each expressing a different human RASopathy isoform. Similar to their human counterparts, each Drosophila line displayed common aspects but also important differences including distinct signaling pathways such as the Hippo and SAPK/JNK signaling networks. We identified multiple classes of clinically relevant drugs-including statins and histone deacetylase inhibitors-that improved viability across most RASopathy lines; in contrast, several canonical RAS pathway inhibitors proved less broadly effective. Overall, our study compares and contrasts a large number of RASopathy-associated variants including their therapeutic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirtha K. Das
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY, USA
| | - Jared Gatto
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY, USA
| | - Rupa Mirmira
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY, USA
| | - Ethan Hourizadeh
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY, USA
| | - Dalia Kaufman
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY, USA
| | - Bruce D. Gelb
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY, USA
| | - Ross Cagan
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY, USA
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Liu J, Gao C, Wang L, Jian X, Ma M, Li T, Hao X, Zhang Q, Chen Y, Zhao J, Niu H, Zhu C, Zhao J, Xia N, Li Z, Dong Q. Trans-Ancestry Mutation Landscape of Hepatoblastoma Genomes in Children. Front Oncol 2021; 11:669560. [PMID: 33968779 PMCID: PMC8096978 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.669560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common malignant tumor in the liver of infants and young children. The incidence rate varies among different populations. However, genetic differences in HB patients with different epidemiological and ancestral backgrounds have not been found. In this study, we aim to analyze data from 16 patients treated at our center and collected published data from whole-exome sequencing studies on HB, and to explore the genetic differences between races. Data from a total of 75 HB patients of three races (24 Asian, 37 Caucasian and 14 Hispanic) were analyzed. We identified 16 genes with recurrent somatic mutations and 7 core pathway modules. Among them, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway had the highest mutation rate, and the mutation frequency in Caucasians and Hispanics was approximately twice as high as that in Asians. In addition, this study compared the characteristics of gene mutations between patients who underwent preoperative chemotherapy and those who did not and found that there was no significant difference in gene mutations between the two groups. We also preliminarily verified the function of cancer-associated candidate genes (CTNNB1 and KMT2D). In conclusion, we found ethnic differences in HB biology at the genomic level, which expands our understanding of the genetics of HB in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Chengwen Gao
- Laboratory of Medical Biology, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University & The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuemin Jian
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingdi Ma
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - XiWei Hao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Laboratory of Medical Biology, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University & The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuanbin Chen
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haitao Niu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chengzhan Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Institute of Digital Medicine and Computer-assisted Surgery, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Computer-assisted Surgery, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Institute of Digital Medicine and Computer-assisted Surgery, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Computer-assisted Surgery, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Shandong College Collaborative Innovation Center of Digital Medicine Clinical Treatment and Nutrition Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Nan Xia
- Institute of Digital Medicine and Computer-assisted Surgery, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Computer-assisted Surgery, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Shandong College Collaborative Innovation Center of Digital Medicine Clinical Treatment and Nutrition Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Laboratory of Medical Biology, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University & The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Dong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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New Insights into YES-Associated Protein Signaling Pathways in Hematological Malignancies: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081981. [PMID: 33924049 PMCID: PMC8073623 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary YES-associated protein (YAP) is a co-transcriptional activator that binds to transcriptional factors to increase the rate of transcription of a set of genes, and it can intervene in the onset and progression of different tumors. Most of the data in the literature refer to the effects of the YAP system in solid neoplasms. In this review, we analyze the possibility that YAP can also intervene in hematological neoplasms such as lymphomas, multiple myeloma, and acute and chronic leukemias, modifying the phenomena of cell proliferation and cell death. The possibilities of pharmacological intervention related to the YAP system in an attempt to use its modulation therapeutically are also discussed. Abstract The Hippo/YES-associated protein (YAP) signaling pathway is a cell survival and proliferation-control system with its main activity that of regulating cell growth and organ volume. YAP operates as a transcriptional coactivator in regulating the onset, progression, and treatment response in numerous human tumors. Moreover, there is evidence suggesting the involvement of YAP in the control of the hematopoietic system, in physiological conditions rather than in hematological diseases. Nevertheless, several reports have proposed that the effects of YAP in tumor cells are cell-dependent and cell-type-determined, even if YAP usually interrelates with extracellular signaling to stimulate the onset and progression of tumors. In the present review, we report the most recent findings in the literature on the relationship between the YAP system and hematological neoplasms. Moreover, we evaluate the possible therapeutic use of the modulation of the YAP system in the treatment of malignancies. Given the effects of the YAP system in immunosurveillance, tumorigenesis, and chemoresistance, further studies on interactions between the YAP system and hematological malignancies will offer very relevant information for the targeting of these diseases employing YAP modifiers alone or in combination with chemotherapy drugs.
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Azad T, Rezaei R, Singaravelu R, Jamieson TR, Crupi MJF, Surendran A, Poutou J, Taklifi P, Cowan J, Cameron DW, Ilkow CS. A High-Throughput NanoBiT-Based Serological Assay Detects SARS-CoV-2 Seroconversion. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11030807. [PMID: 33809836 PMCID: PMC8004173 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput detection strategies for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in patients recovering from COVID-19, or in vaccinated individuals, are urgently required during this ongoing pandemic. Serological assays are the most widely used method to measure antibody responses in patients. However, most of the current methods lack the speed, stability, sensitivity, and specificity to be selected as a test for worldwide serosurveys. Here, we demonstrate a novel NanoBiT-based serological assay for fast and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific antibodies in sera of COVID-19 patients. This assay can be done in high-throughput manner at 384 samples per hour and only requires a minimum of 5 μL of serum or 10 ng of antibody. The stability of our NanoBiT reporter in various temperatures (4–42 °C) and pH (4–12) settings suggests the assay will be able to withstand imperfect shipping and handling conditions for worldwide seroepidemiologic surveillance in the post-vaccination period of the pandemic. Our newly developed rapid assay is highly accessible and may facilitate a more cost-effective solution for seroconversion screening as vaccination efforts progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Azad
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (T.A.); (R.R.); (R.S.); (T.R.J.); (M.J.F.C.); (A.S.); (J.P.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Reza Rezaei
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (T.A.); (R.R.); (R.S.); (T.R.J.); (M.J.F.C.); (A.S.); (J.P.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Ragunath Singaravelu
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (T.A.); (R.R.); (R.S.); (T.R.J.); (M.J.F.C.); (A.S.); (J.P.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Taylor R. Jamieson
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (T.A.); (R.R.); (R.S.); (T.R.J.); (M.J.F.C.); (A.S.); (J.P.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Mathieu J. F. Crupi
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (T.A.); (R.R.); (R.S.); (T.R.J.); (M.J.F.C.); (A.S.); (J.P.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Abera Surendran
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (T.A.); (R.R.); (R.S.); (T.R.J.); (M.J.F.C.); (A.S.); (J.P.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Joanna Poutou
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (T.A.); (R.R.); (R.S.); (T.R.J.); (M.J.F.C.); (A.S.); (J.P.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Parisa Taklifi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614411, Iran;
| | - Juthaporn Cowan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Ottawa at The Ottawa Hospital/Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (J.C.); (D.W.C.)
| | - Donald William Cameron
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Ottawa at The Ottawa Hospital/Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (J.C.); (D.W.C.)
| | - Carolina S. Ilkow
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (T.A.); (R.R.); (R.S.); (T.R.J.); (M.J.F.C.); (A.S.); (J.P.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-613-737-8899 (ext. 75208)
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31
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Characterization of Critical Determinants of ACE2-SARS CoV-2 RBD Interaction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052268. [PMID: 33668756 PMCID: PMC7956771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite sequence similarity to SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2 has demonstrated greater widespread virulence and unique challenges to researchers aiming to study its pathogenicity in humans. The interaction of the viral receptor binding domain (RBD) with its main host cell receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), has emerged as a critical focal point for the development of anti-viral therapeutics and vaccines. In this study, we selectively identify and characterize the impact of mutating certain amino acid residues in the RBD of SARS-CoV-2 and in ACE2, by utilizing our recently developed NanoBiT technology-based biosensor as well as pseudotyped-virus infectivity assays. Specifically, we examine the mutational effects on RBD-ACE2 binding ability, efficacy of competitive inhibitors, as well as neutralizing antibody activity. We also look at the implications the mutations may have on virus transmissibility, host susceptibility, and the virus transmission path to humans. These critical determinants of virus-host interactions may provide more effective targets for ongoing vaccines, drug development, and potentially pave the way for determining the genetic variation underlying disease severity.
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Chen CJ, Liu YP. MERTK Inhibition: Potential as a Treatment Strategy in EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Resistant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14020130. [PMID: 33562150 PMCID: PMC7915726 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are currently the most effective treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, who carry primary EGFR mutations. However, the patients eventually develop drug resistance to EGFR-TKIs after approximately one year. In addition to the acquisition of the EGFR T790M mutation, the activation of alternative receptor-mediated signaling pathways is a common mechanism for conferring the insensitivity of EGFR-TKI in NSCLC. Upregulation of the Mer receptor tyrosine kinase (MERTK), which is a member of the Tyro3-Axl-MERTK (TAM) family, is associated with a poor prognosis of many cancers. The binding of specific ligands, such as Gas6 and PROS1, to MERTK activates phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, which are the signaling pathways shared by EGFR. Therefore, the inhibition of MERTK can be considered a new therapeutic strategy for overcoming the resistance of NSCLC to EGFR-targeted agents. Although several small molecules and monoclonal antibodies targeting the TAM family are being developed and have been described to enhance the chemosensitivity and converse the resistance of EGFR-TKI, few have specifically been developed as MERTK inhibitors. The further development and investigation of biomarkers which can accurately predict MERTK activity and the response to MERTK inhibitors and MERTK-specific drugs are vitally important for obtaining appropriate patient stratification and increased benefits in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ju Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Peng Liu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-3121101
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33
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Feltri ML, Weaver MR, Belin S, Poitelon Y. The Hippo pathway: Horizons for innovative treatments of peripheral nerve diseases. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2021; 26:4-16. [PMID: 33449435 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Initially identified in Drosophila, the Hippo signaling pathway regulates how cells respond to their environment by controlling proliferation, migration and differentiation. Many recent studies have focused on characterizing Hippo pathway function and regulation in mammalian cells. Here, we present a brief overview of the major components of the Hippo pathway, as well as their regulation and function. We comprehensively review the studies that have contributed to our understanding of the Hippo pathway in the function of the peripheral nervous system and in peripheral nerve diseases. Finally, we discuss innovative approaches that aim to modulate Hippo pathway components in diseases of the peripheral nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Laura Feltri
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York, USA.,Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Michael R Weaver
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Sophie Belin
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Yannick Poitelon
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
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34
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Wu B, Tang X, Zhou Z, Ke H, Tang S, Ke R. RNA sequencing analysis of FGF2-responsive transcriptome in skin fibroblasts. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10671. [PMID: 33520460 PMCID: PMC7812929 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is a highly pleiotropic cytokine with antifibrotic activity in wound healing. During the process of wound healing and fibrosis, fibroblasts are the key players. Although accumulating evidence has suggested the antagonistic effects of FGF2 in the activation process of fibroblasts, the mechanisms by which FGF2 hinders the fibroblast activation remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to identify the key genes and their regulatory networks in skin fibroblasts treated with FGF2. Methods RNA-seq was performed to identify the differentially expressed mRNA (DEGs) and lncRNA between FGF2-treated fibroblasts and control. DEGs were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Furthermore, the networks between mRNAs and lncRNAs were constructed by Pearson correlation analysis and the networkanalyst website. Finally, hub genes were validated by real time-PCR. Results Between FGF2-treated fibroblasts and control fibroblasts, a total of 1475 DEGs was obtained. These DEGs were mainly enriched in functions such as the ECM organization, cell adhesion, and cell migration. They were mainly involved in ECM-receptor interaction, PI3K-Akt signaling, and the Hippo pathway. The hub DEGs included COL3A1, COL4A1, LOX, PDGFA, TGFBI, and ITGA10. Subsequent real-time PCR, as well as bioinformatics analysis, consistently demonstrated that the expression of ITGA10 was significantly upregulated while the other five DEGs (COL3A1, COL4A1, LOX, PDGFA, TGFBI) were downregulated in FGF2-treated fibroblasts. Meanwhile, 213 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified and three key lncRNAs (HOXA-AS2, H19, and SNHG8) were highlighted in FGF2-treated fibroblasts. Conclusion The current study comprehensively analyzed the FGF2-responsive transcriptional profile and provided candidate mechanisms that may account for FGF2-mediated wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojin Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinjie Tang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoping Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Honglin Ke
- Department of Emergency, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shao Tang
- Department of Statistics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Ronghu Ke
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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35
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Vigneswaran K, Boyd NH, Oh SY, Lallani S, Boucher A, Neill SG, Olson JJ, Read RD. YAP/TAZ Transcriptional Coactivators Create Therapeutic Vulnerability to Verteporfin in EGFR-mutant Glioblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 27:1553-1569. [PMID: 33172899 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastomas (GBMs), neoplasms derived from glia and neuroglial progenitor cells, are the most common and lethal malignant primary brain tumors diagnosed in adults, with a median survival of 14 months. GBM tumorigenicity is often driven by genetic aberrations in receptor tyrosine kinases, such as amplification and mutation of EGFR. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using a Drosophila glioma model and human patient-derived GBM stem cells and xenograft models, we genetically and pharmacologically tested whether the YAP and TAZ transcription coactivators, effectors of the Hippo pathway that promote gene expression via TEA domain (TEAD) cofactors, are key drivers of GBM tumorigenicity downstream of oncogenic EGFR signaling. RESULTS YAP and TAZ are highly expressed in EGFR-amplified/mutant human GBMs, and their knockdown in EGFR-amplified/mutant GBM cells inhibited proliferation and elicited apoptosis. Our results indicate that YAP/TAZ-TEAD directly regulates transcription of SOX2, C-MYC, and EGFR itself to create a feedforward loop to drive survival and proliferation of human GBM cells. Moreover, the benzoporphyrin derivative verteporfin, a disruptor of YAP/TAZ-TEAD-mediated transcription, preferentially induced apoptosis of cultured patient-derived EGFR-amplified/mutant GBM cells, suppressed expression of YAP/TAZ transcriptional targets, including EGFR, and conferred significant survival benefit in an orthotopic xenograft GBM model. Our efforts led us to design and initiate a phase 0 clinical trial of Visudyne, an FDA-approved liposomal formulation of verteporfin, where we used intraoperative fluorescence to observe verteporfin uptake into tumor cells in GBM tumors in human patients. CONCLUSIONS Together, our data suggest that verteporfin is a promising therapeutic agent for EGFR-amplified and -mutant GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathaniel H Boyd
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Se-Yeong Oh
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shoeb Lallani
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Andrew Boucher
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Stewart G Neill
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jeffrey J Olson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Renee D Read
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. .,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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36
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Huelse J, Fridlyand D, Earp S, DeRyckere D, Graham DK. MERTK in cancer therapy: Targeting the receptor tyrosine kinase in tumor cells and the immune system. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 213:107577. [PMID: 32417270 PMCID: PMC9847360 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase MERTK is aberrantly expressed in numerous human malignancies, and is a novel target in cancer therapeutics. Physiologic roles of MERTK include regulation of tissue homeostasis and repair, innate immune control, and platelet aggregation. However, aberrant expression in a wide range of liquid and solid malignancies promotes neoplasia via growth factor independence, cell cycle progression, proliferation and tumor growth, resistance to apoptosis, and promotion of tumor metastases. Additionally, MERTK signaling contributes to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment via induction of an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile and regulation of the PD-1 axis, as well as regulation of macrophage, myeloid-derived suppressor cell, natural killer cell and T cell functions. Various MERTK-directed therapies are in preclinical development, and clinical trials are underway. In this review we discuss MERTK inhibition as an emerging strategy for cancer therapy, focusing on MERTK expression and function in neoplasia and its role in mediating resistance to cytotoxic and targeted therapies as well as in suppressing anti-tumor immunity. Additionally, we review preclinical and clinical pharmacological strategies to target MERTK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justus Huelse
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Diana Fridlyand
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shelton Earp
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Deborah DeRyckere
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Douglas K. Graham
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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37
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Sarmasti Emami S, Zhang D, Yang X. Interaction of the Hippo Pathway and Phosphatases in Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2438. [PMID: 32867200 PMCID: PMC7564220 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is an emerging tumor suppressor signaling pathway involved in a wide range of cellular processes. Dysregulation of different components of the Hippo signaling pathway is associated with a number of diseases including cancer. Therefore, identification of the Hippo pathway regulators and the underlying mechanism of its regulation may be useful to uncover new therapeutics for cancer therapy. The Hippo signaling pathway includes a set of kinases that phosphorylate different proteins in order to phosphorylate and inactivate its main downstream effectors, YAP and TAZ. Thus, modulating phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the Hippo components by kinases and phosphatases play critical roles in the regulation of the signaling pathway. While information regarding kinase regulation of the Hippo pathway is abundant, the role of phosphatases in regulating this pathway is just beginning to be understood. In this review, we summarize the most recent reports on the interaction of phosphatases and the Hippo pathway in tumorigenesis. We have also introduced challenges in clarifying the role of phosphatases in the Hippo pathway and future direction of crosstalk between phosphatases and the Hippo pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaolong Yang
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (S.S.E.); (D.Z.)
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38
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Azad T, Rezaei R, Surendran A, Singaravelu R, Boulton S, Dave J, Bell JC, Ilkow CS. Hippo Signaling Pathway as a Central Mediator of Receptors Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) in Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082042. [PMID: 32722184 PMCID: PMC7463967 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway plays a critical role in tissue and organ growth under normal physiological conditions, and its dysregulation in malignant growth has made it an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in the fight against cancer. To date, its complex signaling mechanisms have made it difficult to identify strong therapeutic candidates. Hippo signaling is largely carried out by two main activated signaling pathways involving receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs)—the RTK/RAS/PI3K and the RTK-RAS-MAPK pathways. However, several RTKs have also been shown to regulate this pathway to engage downstream Hippo effectors and ultimately influence cell proliferation. In this text, we attempt to review the diverse RTK signaling pathways that influence Hippo signaling in the context of oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Azad
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (T.A.); (R.R.); (A.S.); (R.S.); (S.B.); (J.D.); (J.C.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Reza Rezaei
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (T.A.); (R.R.); (A.S.); (R.S.); (S.B.); (J.D.); (J.C.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Abera Surendran
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (T.A.); (R.R.); (A.S.); (R.S.); (S.B.); (J.D.); (J.C.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Ragunath Singaravelu
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (T.A.); (R.R.); (A.S.); (R.S.); (S.B.); (J.D.); (J.C.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Stephen Boulton
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (T.A.); (R.R.); (A.S.); (R.S.); (S.B.); (J.D.); (J.C.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jaahnavi Dave
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (T.A.); (R.R.); (A.S.); (R.S.); (S.B.); (J.D.); (J.C.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - John C. Bell
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (T.A.); (R.R.); (A.S.); (R.S.); (S.B.); (J.D.); (J.C.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Carolina S. Ilkow
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (T.A.); (R.R.); (A.S.); (R.S.); (S.B.); (J.D.); (J.C.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-613-737-8899 (ext. 75208)
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39
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Li J, Shi C, Zhou R, Han Y, Xu S, Ma H, Zhang Z. The crosstalk between AXL and YAP promotes tumor progression through STAT3 activation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:3222-3235. [PMID: 32589311 PMCID: PMC7469783 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and Yes-associated protein (YAP) are critical driving factors in tumors. Currently, the regulation of RTKs in the Hippo-YAP pathway has been recognized as an important issue. However, the relationship between AXL, one of the RTKs, and YAP in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains unknown. In this study, the crosstalk between AXL and YAP was thoroughly investigated in vitro and in vivo. We determined that there was a positive correlation between AXL and YAP in the HNSCC tissue samples and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset, and high co-expression was associated with poor prognosis. Inhibiting YAP decreased AXL expression in HNSCC cells, while YAP overexpression increased AXL. Moreover, ectopic expression of AXL reversed tumor suppressor phenotypes mediated by YAP silencing. This reversal effect was also confirmed in vivo. In addition, AXL overexpression and Gas6, a ligand of AXL, stimulated YAP dephosphorylation, nuclear translocation, and target gene transcription. AXL inhibition decreased YAP dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Mechanistically, Gas6 induced a competitive binding to phosphorylated signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) with large tumor suppressor kinase 1 (LATS1) and inhibited the Hippo pathway. This study revealed a novel non-transcriptional effect of STAT3 in Gas6/AXL-induced YAP activity, suggesting that STAT3 acted as a critical "molecular switch" during the mutual promotion between AXL and YAP, which might be a promising therapeutic target in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Li
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoji Shi
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Han
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengming Xu
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailong Ma
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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40
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Mohammadi S, Arefnezhad R, Danaii S, Yousefi M. New insights into the core Hippo signaling and biological macromolecules interactions in the biology of solid tumors. Biofactors 2020; 46:514-530. [PMID: 32445262 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
As an evolutionarily conserved pathway, Hippo signaling pathway impacts different pathology and physiology processes such as wound healing, tissue repair/size and regeneration. When some components of Hippo signaling dysregulated, it affects cancer cells proliferation. Moreover, the relation Hippo pathway with other signaling including Wnt, TGFβ, Notch, and EGFR signaling leaves effect on the proliferation of cancer cells. Utilizing a number of therapeutic approaches, such as siRNAs and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) to prevent cancer cells through the targeting of Hippo pathways, can provide new insights into cancer target therapy. The purpose of present review, first of all, is to demonstrate the importance of Hippo signaling and its relation with other signaling pathways in cancer. It also tries to demonstrate targeting Hippo signaling progress in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Mohammadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Shahla Danaii
- Gynecology Department, Eastern Azerbaijan ACECR ART Center, Eastern Azerbaijan Branch of ACECR, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Depatment of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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41
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Yamaguchi H, Taouk GM. A Potential Role of YAP/TAZ in the Interplay Between Metastasis and Metabolic Alterations. Front Oncol 2020; 10:928. [PMID: 32596154 PMCID: PMC7300268 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) and Transcriptional Co-activator with PDZ-binding Motif (TAZ) are the downstream effectors of the Hippo signaling pathway that play a crucial role in various aspects of cancer progression including metastasis. Metastasis is the multistep process of disseminating cancer cells in a body and responsible for the majority of cancer-related death. Emerging evidence has shown that cancer cells reprogram their metabolism to gain proliferation, invasion, migration, and anti-apoptotic abilities and adapt to various environment during metastasis. Moreover, it has increasingly been recognized that YAP/TAZ regulates cellular metabolism that is associated with the phenotypic changes, and recent studies suggest that the YAP/TAZ-mediated metabolic alterations contribute to metastasis. In this review, we will introduce the latest knowledge of YAP/TAZ regulation and function in cancer metastasis and metabolism, and discuss possible links between the YAP/TAZ-mediated metabolic reprogramming and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohito Yamaguchi
- Cancer Research Center, College of Health and Life Sciences, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Ghina M Taouk
- Cancer Research Center, College of Health and Life Sciences, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
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42
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Ooki T, Hatakeyama M. Hyaluronan Degradation Promotes Cancer via Hippo-YAP Signaling: An Intervention Point for Cancer Therapy. Bioessays 2020; 42:e2000005. [PMID: 32449813 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
High-molecular-weight hyaluronan acts as a ligand of the tumor-suppressive Hippo signal, whereas degradation of hyaluronan from a high-molecular-weight form to a low-molecular-weight forms by hyaluronidase 2 inhibits Hippo signal activation and thereby activates the pro-oncogenic transcriptional coactivator yes-associated protein (YAP), which creates a cancer-predisposing microenvironment and drives neoplastic transformation of cells through both cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous mechanisms. In fact, accumulation of low-molecular-weight hyaluronan in tissue stroma is observed in many types of cancers. Since inhibition of YAP activity suppresses tumor growth in vivo, pharmacological intervention of the Hippo-YAP signal is an attractive approach for future drug development. In this review, pharmacological intervention of excessive hyaluronan degradation as a novel approach for inhibition of the Hippo-YAP signal is also discussed. Development of hyaluronidase inhibitors may provide novel therapeutic strategies for human malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Ooki
- Division of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masanori Hatakeyama
- Division of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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43
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Vališ K, Novák P. Targeting ERK-Hippo Interplay in Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093236. [PMID: 32375238 PMCID: PMC7247570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is a part of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway which allows the transduction of various cellular signals to final effectors and regulation of elementary cellular processes. Deregulation of the MAPK signaling occurs under many pathological conditions including neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic syndromes and cancers. Targeted inhibition of individual kinases of the MAPK signaling pathway using synthetic compounds represents a promising way to effective anti-cancer therapy. Cross-talk of the MAPK signaling pathway with other proteins and signaling pathways have a crucial impact on clinical outcomes of targeted therapies and plays important role during development of drug resistance in cancers. We discuss cross-talk of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway with other signaling pathways, in particular interplay with the Hippo/MST pathway. We demonstrate the mechanism of cell death induction shared between MAPK/ERK and Hippo/MST signaling pathways and discuss the potential of combination targeting of these pathways in the development of more effective anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Vališ
- Correspondence: (K.V.); (P.N.); Tel.: +420-325873610 (P.N.)
| | - Petr Novák
- Correspondence: (K.V.); (P.N.); Tel.: +420-325873610 (P.N.)
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44
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Kovar H, Bierbaumer L, Radic-Sarikas B. The YAP/TAZ Pathway in Osteogenesis and Bone Sarcoma Pathogenesis. Cells 2020; 9:E972. [PMID: 32326412 PMCID: PMC7227004 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
YAP and TAZ are intracellular messengers communicating multiple interacting extracellular biophysical and biochemical cues to the transcription apparatus in the nucleus and back to the cell/tissue microenvironment interface through the regulation of cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix components. Their activity is negatively and positively controlled by multiple phosphorylation events. Phenotypically, they serve an important role in cellular plasticity and lineage determination during development. As they regulate self-renewal, proliferation, migration, invasion and differentiation of stem cells, perturbed expression of YAP/TAZ signaling components play important roles in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Despite their high structural similarity, YAP and TAZ are functionally not identical and may play distinct cell type and differentiation stage-specific roles mediated by a diversity of downstream effectors and upstream regulatory molecules. However, YAP and TAZ are frequently looked at as functionally redundant and are not sufficiently discriminated in the scientific literature. As the extracellular matrix composition and mechanosignaling are of particular relevance in bone formation during embryogenesis, post-natal bone elongation and bone regeneration, YAP/TAZ are believed to have critical functions in these processes. Depending on the differentiation stage of mesenchymal stem cells during endochondral bone development, YAP and TAZ serve distinct roles, which are also reflected in bone tumors arising from the mesenchymal lineage at different developmental stages. Efforts to clinically translate the wealth of available knowledge of the pathway for cancer diagnostic and therapeutic purposes focus mainly on YAP and TAZ expression and their role as transcriptional co-activators of TEAD transcription factors but rarely consider the expression and activity of pathway modulatory components and other transcriptional partners of YAP and TAZ. As there is a growing body of evidence for YAP and TAZ as potential therapeutic targets in several cancers, we here interrogate the applicability of this concept to bone tumors. To this end, this review aims to summarize our current knowledge of YAP and TAZ in cell plasticity, normal bone development and bone cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinrich Kovar
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.B.); (B.R.-S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Bierbaumer
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.B.); (B.R.-S.)
| | - Branka Radic-Sarikas
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.B.); (B.R.-S.)
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45
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Characterization of a novel compound that promotes myogenesis via Akt and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) in mouse C2C12 cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231265. [PMID: 32267872 PMCID: PMC7141682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) plays versatile roles in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. TAZ activity changes in response to the cellular environment such as mechanic and nutritional stimuli, osmolarity, and hypoxia. To understand the physiological roles of TAZ, chemical compounds that activate TAZ in cells are useful as experimental reagents. Kaempferol, TM-25659, and ethacridine are reported as TAZ activators. However, as each TAZ activator has a distinct property in cellular functions, additional TAZ activators are awaiting. We screened for TAZ activators and previously reported IB008738 as a TAZ activator that promotes myogenesis in C2C12 cells. In this study, we have characterized IBS004735 that was obtained in the same screening. IBS004735 also promotes myogenesis in C2C12 cells, but is not similar to IBS008738 in the structure. IBS004735 activates TAZ via Akt and has no effect on TAZ phosphorylation, which is the well-described key modification to regulate TAZ activity. Thus, we introduce IBS004735 as a novel TAZ activator that regulates TAZ in a yet unidentified mechanism.
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46
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Dash S, Aydin Y, Moroz K. Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy in the Liver: Good or Bad? Cells 2019; 8:E1308. [PMID: 31652893 PMCID: PMC6912708 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection triggers autophagy processes, which help clear out the dysfunctional viral and cellular components that would otherwise inhibit the virus replication. Increased cellular autophagy may kill the infected cell and terminate the infection without proper regulation. The mechanism of autophagy regulation during liver disease progression in HCV infection is unclear. The autophagy research has gained a lot of attention recently since autophagy impairment is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) are three autophagy processes involved in the lysosomal degradation and extracellular release of cytosolic cargoes under excessive stress. Autophagy processes compensate for each other during extreme endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress to promote host and microbe survival as well as HCC development in the highly stressed microenvironment of the cirrhotic liver. This review describes the molecular details of how excessive cellular stress generated during HCV infection activates CMA to improve cell survival. The pathological implications of stress-related CMA activation resulting in the loss of hepatic innate immunity and tumor suppressors, which are most often observed among cirrhotic patients with HCC, are discussed. The oncogenic cell programming through autophagy regulation initiated by a cytoplasmic virus may facilitate our understanding of HCC mechanisms related to non-viral etiologies and metabolic conditions such as uncontrolled type II diabetes. We propose that a better understanding of how excessive cellular stress leads to cancer through autophagy modulation may allow therapeutic development and early detection of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanta Dash
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, 2400 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70119, USA.
| | - Yucel Aydin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Krzysztof Moroz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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Nouri K, Azad T, Ling M, Janse van Rensburg HJ, Pipchuk A, Shen H, Hao Y, Zhang J, Yang X. Identification of Celastrol as a Novel YAP-TEAD Inhibitor for Cancer Therapy by High Throughput Screening with Ultrasensitive YAP/TAZ-TEAD Biosensors. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101596. [PMID: 31635084 PMCID: PMC6826516 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway has emerged as a key signaling pathway that regulates a broad range of biological functions, and dysregulation of the Hippo pathway is a feature of a variety of cancers. Given this, some have suggested that disrupting the interaction of the Hippo core component YAP and its paralog TAZ with transcriptional factor TEAD may be an effective strategy for cancer therapy. However, there are currently no clinically available drugs targeting the YAP/TAZ–TEAD interaction for cancer treatment. To facilitate screens for small molecule compounds that disrupt the YAP–TEAD interaction, we have developed the first ultra-bright NanoLuc biosensor to quantify YAP/TAZ–TEAD protein–protein interaction (PPI) both in living cells and also in vitro using biosensor fusion proteins purified from bacteria. Using this biosensor, we have performed an in vitro high throughput screen (HTS) of small molecule compounds and have identified and validated the drug Celastrol as a novel inhibitor of YAP/TAZ–TEAD interaction. We have also demonstrated that Celastrol can inhibit cancer cell proliferation, transformation, and cell migration. In this study, we describe a new inhibitor of the YAP/TAZ–TEAD interaction warranting further investigation and offer a novel biosensor tool for the discovery of other new Hippo-targeting drugs in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazem Nouri
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Taha Azad
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Min Ling
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | | | - Alexander Pipchuk
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - He Shen
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Yawei Hao
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
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