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Kakouridis A, Yuan M, Nuccio EE, Hagen JA, Fossum CA, Moore ML, Estera-Molina KY, Nico PS, Weber PK, Pett-Ridge J, Firestone MK. Arbuscular mycorrhiza convey significant plant carbon to a diverse hyphosphere microbial food web and mineral-associated organic matter. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1661-1675. [PMID: 38358052 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) transport substantial plant carbon (C) that serves as a substrate for soil organisms, a precursor of soil organic matter (SOM), and a driver of soil microbial dynamics. Using two-chamber microcosms where an air gap isolated AMF from roots, we 13CO2-labeled Avena barbata for 6 wk and measured the C Rhizophagus intraradices transferred to SOM and hyphosphere microorganisms. NanoSIMS imaging revealed hyphae and roots had similar 13C enrichment. SOM density fractionation, 13C NMR, and IRMS showed AMF transferred 0.77 mg C g-1 of soil (increasing total C by 2% relative to non-mycorrhizal controls); 33% was found in occluded or mineral-associated pools. In the AMF hyphosphere, there was no overall change in community diversity but 36 bacterial ASVs significantly changed in relative abundance. With stable isotope probing (SIP)-enabled shotgun sequencing, we found taxa from the Solibacterales, Sphingobacteriales, Myxococcales, and Nitrososphaerales (ammonium oxidizing archaea) were highly enriched in AMF-imported 13C (> 20 atom%). Mapping sequences from 13C-SIP metagenomes to total ASVs showed at least 92 bacteria and archaea were significantly 13C-enriched. Our results illustrate the quantitative and ecological impact of hyphal C transport on the formation of potentially protective SOM pools and microbial roles in the AMF hyphosphere soil food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kakouridis
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Mengting Yuan
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Erin E Nuccio
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, 94550, CA, USA
| | - John A Hagen
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | | | - Madeline L Moore
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Katerina Y Estera-Molina
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, 94550, CA, USA
| | - Peter S Nico
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Peter K Weber
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, 94550, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Pett-Ridge
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, 94550, CA, USA
- University of California Merced, Merced, 95343, CA, USA
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Tariq A, Graciano C, Sardans J, Zeng F, Hughes AC, Ahmed Z, Ullah A, Ali S, Gao Y, Peñuelas J. Plant root mechanisms and their effects on carbon and nutrient accumulation in desert ecosystems under changes in land use and climate. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:916-934. [PMID: 38482544 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Deserts represent key carbon reservoirs, yet as these systems are threatened this has implications for biodiversity and climate change. This review focuses on how these changes affect desert ecosystems, particularly plant root systems and their impact on carbon and mineral nutrient stocks. Desert plants have diverse root architectures shaped by water acquisition strategies, affecting plant biomass and overall carbon and nutrient stocks. Climate change can disrupt desert plant communities, with droughts impacting both shallow and deep-rooted plants as groundwater levels fluctuate. Vegetation management practices, like grazing, significantly influence plant communities, soil composition, root microorganisms, biomass, and nutrient stocks. Shallow-rooted plants are particularly susceptible to climate change and human interference. To safeguard desert ecosystems, understanding root architecture and deep soil layers is crucial. Implementing strategic management practices such as reducing grazing pressure, maintaining moderate harvesting levels, and adopting moderate fertilization can help preserve plant-soil systems. Employing socio-ecological approaches for community restoration enhances carbon and nutrient retention, limits desert expansion, and reduces CO2 emissions. This review underscores the importance of investigating belowground plant processes and their role in shaping desert landscapes, emphasizing the urgent need for a comprehensive understanding of desert ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Tariq
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Corina Graciano
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Fanjiang Zeng
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Alice C Hughes
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 852, China
| | - Zeeshan Ahmed
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Abd Ullah
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Sikandar Ali
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanju Gao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
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3
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Braga JGB, de Novais CB, Diniz PP, da Silva Aragão OO, Saggin Júnior OJ, da Conceição Jesus E. Association of mycoheterotrophic Gentianaceae with specific Glomus lineages. MYCORRHIZA 2023; 33:249-256. [PMID: 37450045 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-023-01121-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Some plant species took an alternative evolutionary pathway in which they lost their photosynthetic capacity to depend exclusively on carbon supplied by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in an association called mycoheterotrophy. Among them is Voyriella parviflora, a species of the family Gentianaceae, which is found in tropical regions such as the Amazon basin. Here, we assessed the identity of AMF symbionts associated with this species. DNA was isolated from eight Gentianaceae specimens and from litter and surrounding roots of photosynthetic plants. The atp1 gene was amplified by Sanger sequencing to determine the taxonomic affiliation of the mycoheterotrophic plants. A 280 bp region of the 18S rRNA gene of AMF was amplified with primers NS31/AML2 by high-throughput sequencing. The mycoheterotrophic specimens were assigned to V. parviflora with a bootstrap support of 72%. Glomus was the most abundant AMF genus, both in the mycoheterotrophic plants and in the litter and roots of photosynthetic plants. In addition, a few Glomus genotypes were abundantly enriched in the mycoheterotrophic plants, with only a few specimens colonized by Gigaspora, Acaulospora, and Scutellospora in a low proportion. These genotypes formed a cluster within a larger clade, suggesting that V. parviflora shows a preferential association with a narrow Glomus lineage which is not phylogenetically close to a previously identified V. parviflora's associated lineage. Furthermore, detecting fungi from other families suggests that V. parviflora is colonized by other genera, although with low frequency. These findings provide new insights into the association between AMF and mycoheterotrophic species and highlight the importance of considering trap culture-independent approaches in understanding this symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cândido Barreto de Novais
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro, 23890-000, Brazil
- Scheffer & Cia, Sapezal, Mato Grosso, 78365-000, Brazil
| | | | - Osnar Obede da Silva Aragão
- Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 37200-900
- Instituto Federal do Pará, Campus Breves, Breves, Pará, 68800-000, Brazil
| | | | - Ederson da Conceição Jesus
- Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 37200-900.
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro, 23890-000, Brazil.
- Embrapa Agrobiologia, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23891-000, Brazil.
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Mafune KK, Vogt DJ, Vogt KA, Cline EC, Godfrey BJ, Bunn RA, Meade AJS. Old-growth Acer macrophyllum trees host a unique suite of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and other root-associated fungal taxa in their canopy soil environment. Mycologia 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37262388 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2023.2206930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Canopy soils occur on tree branches throughout the temperate rainforests of the Pacific Northwest Coast and are recognized as a defining characteristic of these ecosystems. Certain tree species extend adventitious roots into these canopy soil environments. Yet, research on adventitious root-associated fungi remains limited. Our study used microscopy to compare fungal colonization intensity between canopy and forest floor roots of old-growth bigleaf maple (Acer macrophyllum) trees. Subsequently, two high-throughput sequencing platforms were used to explore the spatial and seasonal variation of root-associated fungi between the two soil environments over one year. We found that canopy and forest floor roots had similar colonization intensity and were associating with a diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and other potential symbionts, many of which were resolved to species level. Soil environment and seasonality affected root-associated fungal community composition, and several fungal species were indicative of the canopy soil environment. In Washington State's (USA) temperate old-growth rainforests, these canopy soil environments host a unique suite of root-associated fungi. The presence of arbuscular mycorrhizae provides further evidence that adventitious roots form fungal associations to exploit canopy soils for resources, and there may be novel relationships forming with other fungi. These soils may be providing a redundancy compartment (i.e., "nutrient reserve"), imparting a resiliency to disturbances for certain old-growth trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korena K Mafune
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98105
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98105
| | - Daniel J Vogt
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98105
| | - Kristiina A Vogt
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98105
| | - E C Cline
- Division of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Washington, Tacoma, Washington, 98402
| | - Bruce J Godfrey
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98105
| | - Rebecca A Bunn
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, 98225
| | - Alec J S Meade
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98105
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Crescio S, Godeas AM, Silvani V. Detección de hongos micorrícicos arbusculares en la hojarasca de distintas especies arbóreas: evaluación de tres técnicas de clarificación. BOLETÍN DE LA SOCIEDAD ARGENTINA DE BOTÁNICA 2023. [DOI: 10.31055/1851.2372.v58.n2.37810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introducción y objetivos: Los hongos micorrícicos arbusculares (HMA) forman asociaciones simbióticas mutualistas con las raíces de las plantas y se desarrollan en el suelo y hojarasca. Hasta el momento, se ha empleado una única técnica de clarificación en hojarasca para el estudio de los HMA, pero dada la gran variabilidad anatómica y bioquímica de las hojas, es necesario analizar otras metodologías. En este trabajo se evaluaron y ajustaron tres técnicas de clarificación en hojarasca de distintas especies arbóreas para la detección de HMA.
M&M: Se recolectó hojarasca de Quercus robur, Tipuana tipu, Ulmus minor, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Platanus acerifolia, Laurus nobilis, Populus alba and Melia azedarach de la superficie del suelo en dos parques de la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Además, se inoculó hojarasca de F. pennsylvanica con Rhizoglomus intraradices en un cultivo bajo condiciones semicontroladas. Fueron evaluadas tres técnicas de clarificación: “5 – 5 – 5” de Arambarri (2018), Phillips & Hayman (1970) y Peterson et al. (2008), y se ajustaron modificando la duración y condiciones de exposición a los reactivos.
Resultados: La técnica de clarificación propuesta por Peterson et al. (2008) fue la más apropiada para todas las hojarascas evaluadas, dado que se obtuvo una eficaz clarificación, conservación de la estructura foliar y la visualización de esporas e hifas de HMA.
Conclusión: La selección adecuada de la técnica depende de la calidad de la hojarasca. La optimización del método de Peterson et al. (2008) permitió detectar estructuras de HMA en la hojarasca delicada de F. pennsylvanica y T. tipu.
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Geetha N, Sunilkumar CR, Bhavya G, Nandini B, Abhijith P, Satapute P, Shetty HS, Govarthanan M, Jogaiah S. Warhorses in soil bioremediation: Seed biopriming with PGPF secretome to phytostimulate crop health under heavy metal stress. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114498. [PMID: 36209791 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The fungal symbiosis with the plant root system is importantly recognized as a plant growth promoting fungi (PGPFs), as well as elicitor of plant defence against different biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Thus PGPFs are playing as a key trouper in enhancing agricultural quality and increased crop production and paving a way towards a sustainable agriculture. Due to increased demand of food production, the over and unscientific usage of chemical fertilizers has led to the contamination of soil by organic and inorganic wastes impacting on soil quality, crops quality effecting on export business of agricultural products. The application of microbial based consortium like plant growth promoting fungi is gaining worldwide importance due to their multidimensional activity. These activities are through plant growth promotion, induction of systemic resistance, disease combating and detoxification of organic and inorganic toxic chemicals, a heavy metal tolerance ability. The master key behind these properties exhibited by PGPFs are attributed towards various secretory biomolecules (secondary metabolites or enzymes or metabolites) secreted by the fungi during interaction mechanism. The present review is focused on the multidimensional role PGPFs as elicitors of Induced systemic resistance against phytopathogens as well as heavy metal detoxifier through seed biopriming and biofortification methods. The in-sights on PGPFs and their probable mechanistic nature contributing towards plants to withstand heavy metal stress and stress alleviation by activating of various stress regulatory pathways leading to secretion of low molecular weight compounds like organic compounds, glomalin, hydrophobins, etc,. Thus projecting the importance of PGPFs and further requirement of research in developing PGPFs based molecules and combining with trending Nano technological approaches for enhanced heavy metal stress alleviations in plant and soil as well as establishing a sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraja Geetha
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, DOS in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru, 570006, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Gurulingaiah Bhavya
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, DOS in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru, 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - Boregowda Nandini
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, DOS in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru, 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - Padukana Abhijith
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, DOS in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru, 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveen Satapute
- Laboratory of Plant Healthcare and Diagnostics, Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580 003, Karnataka, India
| | - Hunthrike Shekar Shetty
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, DOS in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru, 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - Muthusamy Govarthanan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, South Korea; Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600 077, India.
| | - Sudisha Jogaiah
- Laboratory of Plant Healthcare and Diagnostics, Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580 003, Karnataka, India; Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periye (PO) - 671316, Kasaragod (DT), Kerala, India.
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A Mineral-Doped Micromodel Platform Demonstrates Fungal Bridging of Carbon Hot Spots and Hyphal Transport of Mineral-Derived Nutrients. mSystems 2022; 7:e0091322. [PMID: 36394319 PMCID: PMC9765027 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00913-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil fungi facilitate the translocation of inorganic nutrients from soil minerals to other microorganisms and plants. This ability is particularly advantageous in impoverished soils because fungal mycelial networks can bridge otherwise spatially disconnected and inaccessible nutrient hot spots. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying fungal mineral weathering and transport through soil remains poorly understood primarily due to the lack of a platform for spatially resolved analysis of biotic-driven mineral weathering. Here, we addressed this knowledge gap by demonstrating a mineral-doped soil micromodel platform where mineral weathering mechanisms can be studied. We directly visualize acquisition and transport of inorganic nutrients from minerals through fungal hyphae in the micromodel using a multimodal imaging approach. We found that Fusarium sp. strain DS 682, a representative of common saprotrophic soil fungus, exhibited a mechanosensory response (thigmotropism) around obstacles and through pore spaces (~12 μm) in the presence of minerals. The fungus incorporated and translocated potassium (K) from K-rich mineral interfaces, as evidenced by visualization of mineral-derived nutrient transport and unique K chemical moieties following fungus-induced mineral weathering. Specific membrane transport proteins were expressed in the fungus in the presence of minerals, including those involved in oxidative phosphorylation pathways and the transmembrane transport of small-molecular-weight organic acids. This study establishes the significance of a spatial visualization platform for investigating microbial induced mineral weathering at microbially relevant scales. Moreover, we demonstrate the importance of fungal biology and nutrient translocation in maintaining fungal growth under water and carbon limitations in a reduced-complexity soil-like microenvironment. IMPORTANCE Fungal species are foundational members of soil microbiomes, where their contributions in accessing and transporting vital nutrients is key for community resilience. To date, the molecular mechanisms underlying fungal mineral weathering and nutrient translocation in low-nutrient environments remain poorly resolved due to the lack of a platform for spatial analysis of biotic weathering processes. Here, we addressed this knowledge gap by developing a mineral-doped soil micromodel platform. We demonstrate the function of this platform by directly probing fungal growth using spatially resolved optical and chemical imaging methodologies. We found the presence of minerals was required for fungal thigmotropism around obstacles and through soil-like pore spaces, and this was related to fungal transport of potassium (K) and corresponding K speciation from K-rich minerals. These findings provide new evidence and visualization into hyphal transport of mineral-derived nutrients under nutrient and water stresses.
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Rastetter EB, Kwiatkowski BL, Kicklighter DW, Barker Plotkin A, Genet H, Nippert JB, O'Keefe K, Perakis SS, Porder S, Roley SS, Ruess RW, Thompson JR, Wieder WR, Wilcox K, Yanai RD. N and P constrain C in ecosystems under climate change: Role of nutrient redistribution, accumulation, and stoichiometry. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e2684. [PMID: 35633204 PMCID: PMC10078338 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We use the Multiple Element Limitation (MEL) model to examine responses of 12 ecosystems to elevated carbon dioxide (CO2 ), warming, and 20% decreases or increases in precipitation. Ecosystems respond synergistically to elevated CO2 , warming, and decreased precipitation combined because higher water-use efficiency with elevated CO2 and higher fertility with warming compensate for responses to drought. Response to elevated CO2 , warming, and increased precipitation combined is additive. We analyze changes in ecosystem carbon (C) based on four nitrogen (N) and four phosphorus (P) attribution factors: (1) changes in total ecosystem N and P, (2) changes in N and P distribution between vegetation and soil, (3) changes in vegetation C:N and C:P ratios, and (4) changes in soil C:N and C:P ratios. In the combined CO2 and climate change simulations, all ecosystems gain C. The contributions of these four attribution factors to changes in ecosystem C storage varies among ecosystems because of differences in the initial distributions of N and P between vegetation and soil and the openness of the ecosystem N and P cycles. The net transfer of N and P from soil to vegetation dominates the C response of forests. For tundra and grasslands, the C gain is also associated with increased soil C:N and C:P. In ecosystems with symbiotic N fixation, C gains resulted from N accumulation. Because of differences in N versus P cycle openness and the distribution of organic matter between vegetation and soil, changes in the N and P attribution factors do not always parallel one another. Differences among ecosystems in C-nutrient interactions and the amount of woody biomass interact to shape ecosystem C sequestration under simulated global change. We suggest that future studies quantify the openness of the N and P cycles and changes in the distribution of C, N, and P among ecosystem components, which currently limit understanding of nutrient effects on C sequestration and responses to elevated CO2 and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Helene Genet
- Institute of Arctic BiologyUniversity of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAlaskaUSA
| | | | - Kimberly O'Keefe
- Department of Biological SciencesSaint Edward's UniversityAustinTexasUSA
| | - Steven S. Perakis
- U.S. Geological SurveyForest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science CenterCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Stephen Porder
- Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyInstitute for Environment and Society, Brown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - Sarah S. Roley
- School of the EnvironmentWashington State UniversityRichlandWashingtonUSA
- W.K. Kellogg Biological StationMichigan State UniversityHickory CornersMichiganUSA
| | - Roger W. Ruess
- Department of Biology and WildlifeInstitute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAlaskaUSA
| | | | - William R. Wieder
- Climate and Global Dynamics LaboratoryNational Center for Atmospheric ResearchBoulderColoradoUSA
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine ResearchUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA
| | - Kevin Wilcox
- Department of Ecosystem Science and ManagementUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
| | - Ruth D. Yanai
- Department of Sustainable Resources ManagementSUNY College of Environmental Science and ForestrySyracuseNew YorkUSA
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9
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Kemmelmeier K, Dos Santos DA, Grittz GS, Stürmer SL. Composition and seasonal variation of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi spore community in litter, root mat, and soil from a subtropical rain forest. MYCORRHIZA 2022; 32:409-423. [PMID: 35727347 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-022-01084-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Community composition and seasonal variation of sporulation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been studied in soils from many ecosystems including subtropical forest. Yet, AMF community composition has been surveyed only from the mineral soil but not from the litter layer and the root mat, and long-term variation in sporulation is not fully understood. We sampled a 75-m2 plot from a subtropical forest to determine AMF community composition in the following habitats: the litter layer, the root mat, and the mineral soil. Moreover, samples were taken in fall, winter, spring, and summer over a 2-year period to follow the seasonal variation of AMF sporulation. We detected 47 AMF species belonging to six families and 14 genera, Glomeraceae and Acaulosporaceae being the most represented families. Sixteen species were common to all three habitats, five species were shared between two habitats, and 26 species were recovered exclusively from single habitats. While species richness was not significantly different among habitats, AMF total spore numbers were significantly higher in the litter and root mat compared to the soil. PERMANOVA did not detect a significant effect of habitats on community composition when species presence/absence was considered, but significant differences between litter versus soil and root mat versus soil were detected when spore abundance was considered. A seasonal pattern of spore abundance for species was not observed over the 2-year sampling period regardless of habitat. This study revealed that (i) different AMF species sporulate in the different habitats; thus, field surveys considering only the mineral soil might underestimate species richness and (ii) AMF species sporulate asynchronously in subtropical forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Kemmelmeier
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, 89030-903, Brazil
| | - Denis A Dos Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, 89030-903, Brazil
| | - Guilherme S Grittz
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, 89030-903, Brazil
| | - Sidney L Stürmer
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, 89030-903, Brazil.
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Feng SW, Lu JL, Liang JL, Wu ZH, Yi X, Wen P, Li FL, Liao B, Jia P, Shu WS, Li JT. Functional Guilds, Community Assembly, and Co-occurrence Patterns of Fungi in Metalliferous Mine Tailings Ponds in Mainland China. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022:10.1007/s00248-022-02121-6. [PMID: 36205737 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02121-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Metalliferous mine tailings ponds are generally characterized by low levels of nutrient elements, sustained acidic conditions, and high contents of toxic metals. They represent one kind of extreme environments that are believed to resemble the Earth's early environmental conditions. There is increasing evidence that the diversity of fungi inhabiting mine tailings ponds is much higher than previously thought. However, little is known about functional guilds, community assembly, and co-occurrence patterns of fungi in such habitats. As a first attempt to address this critical knowledge gap, we employed high-throughput sequencing to characterize fungal communities in 33 mine tailings ponds distributed across 18 provinces of mainland China. A total of 5842 fungal phylotypes were identified, with saprotrophic fungi being the major functional guild. The predictors of fungal diversity in whole community and sub-communities differed considerably. Community assembly of the whole fungal community and individual functional guilds were primarily governed by stochastic processes. Total soil nitrogen and total phosphorus mediated the balance between stochastic and deterministic processes of the fungal community assembly. Co-occurrence network analysis uncovered a high modularity of the whole fungal community. The observed main modules largely consisted of saprotrophic fungi as well as various phylotypes that could not be assigned to known functional guilds. The richness of core fungal phylotypes, occupying vital positions in co-occurrence network, was positively correlated with edaphic properties such as soil enzyme activity. This indicates the important roles of core fungal phylotypes in soil organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling. These findings improve our understanding of fungal ecology of extreme environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Wei Feng
- Institute of Ecological Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Li Lu
- Institute of Ecological Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Liang Liang
- Institute of Ecological Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo-Hui Wu
- Institute of Ecological Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinzhu Yi
- Institute of Ecological Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wen
- Institute of Ecological Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Lin Li
- Institute of Ecological Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Liao
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Jia
- Institute of Ecological Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wen-Sheng Shu
- Institute of Ecological Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Tian Li
- Institute of Ecological Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China
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11
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Peng Y, Yuan J, Heděnec P, Yue K, Ni X, Li W, Wang D, Yuan C, Tan S, Wu F. Mycorrhizal association and life form dominantly control plant litter lignocellulose concentration at the global scale. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:926941. [PMID: 35937380 PMCID: PMC9355614 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.926941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulose is a major component of plant litter and plays a dominant role in regulating the process of litter decomposition, but we lack a global perspective on plant litter initial lignocellulose concentration. Here, we quantitatively assessed the global patterns and drivers of litter initial concentrations of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose using a dataset consisting of 6,021 observations collected from 795 independent publications. We found that (1) globally, the median concentrations of leaf litter lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose were 20.3, 22.4, and 15.0% of litter mass, respectively; and (2) litter initial concentrations of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose were regulated by phylogeny, plant functional type, climate, and soil properties, with mycorrhizal association and lifeform the dominant predictors. These results clearly highlighted the importance of mycorrhizal association and lifeform in controlling litter initial lignocellulose concentration at the global scale, which will help us to better understand and predict the role of lignocellulose in global litter decomposition models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Peng
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ji Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Petr Heděnec
- Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, University Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Kai Yue
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiangyin Ni
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dingyi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chaoxiang Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Siyi Tan
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fuzhong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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12
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Arbuscular mycorrhizae: natural modulators of plant–nutrient relation and growth in stressful environments. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:264. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02882-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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13
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Nash JM, Diggs FM, Yanai RD. Length and colonization rates of roots associated with arbuscular or ectomycorrhizal fungi decline differentially with depth in two northern hardwood forests. MYCORRHIZA 2022; 32:213-219. [PMID: 35152303 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-022-01071-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal (EM) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are often studied independently, and thus little is known regarding differences in vertical distribution of these two groups in forests where they co-occur. We sampled roots at two soil depths in two northern hardwood stands in Bartlett, New Hampshire, co-dominated by tree species that associate with AM or EM fungi. Root length of both groups declined with depth. More importantly, root length of EM plant species exceeded that of AM plants at 0-10-cm depth, while AM exceeded EM root length at 30-50-cm depth. Colonization rates were similar between mineral and organic portions of the shallow (0-10 cm) samples for EM and AM fungi and declined dramatically with depth (30-50 cm). The ratio of EM to AM fungal colonization declined with depth, but not as much as the decline in root length with depth, resulting in greater dominance by EM fungi near the surface and by AM fungi at depth. The depth distribution of EM and AM roots may have implications for soil carbon accumulation as well as for the success of the associated tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Nash
- SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Franklin M Diggs
- SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Ruth D Yanai
- SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, USA.
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14
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Organic nitrogen utilisation by an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus is mediated by specific soil bacteria and a protist. THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:676-685. [PMID: 34545172 PMCID: PMC8857242 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-01112-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi lack efficient exoenzymes to access organic nutrients directly. Nevertheless, the fungi often obtain and further channel to their host plants a significant share of nitrogen (N) and/or phosphorus from such resources, presumably via cooperation with other soil microorganisms. Because it is challenging to disentangle individual microbial players and processes in complex soil, we took a synthetic approach here to study 15N-labelled chitin (an organic N source) recycling via microbial loop in AM fungal hyphosphere. To this end, we employed a compartmented in vitro cultivation system and monoxenic culture of Rhizophagus irregularis associated with Cichorium intybus roots, various soil bacteria, and the protist Polysphondylium pallidum. We showed that upon presence of Paenibacillus sp. in its hyphosphere, the AM fungus (and associated plant roots) obtained several-fold larger quantities of N from the chitin than it did with any other bacteria, whether chitinolytic or not. Moreover, we demonstrated that adding P. pallidum to the hyphosphere with Paenibacillus sp. further increased by at least 65% the gain of N from the chitin by the AM fungus compared to the hyphosphere without protists. We thus directly demonstrate microbial interplay possibly involved in efficient organic N utilisation by AM fungal hyphae.
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15
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Aspects, problems and utilization of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Application as Bio-fertilizer in sustainable Agriculture. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2022; 3:100107. [PMID: 35169758 PMCID: PMC8829076 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Singh PP, Srivastava D, Shukla S, Varsha. Rhizophagus proliferus genome sequence reiterates conservation of genetic traits in AM fungi, but predicts higher saprotrophic activity. Arch Microbiol 2021; 204:105. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02651-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Yadav R, Ror P, Beniwal R, Kumar S, Ramakrishna W. Bacillus sp. and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi consortia enhance wheat nutrient and yield in the second-year field trial: Superior performance in comparison with chemical fertilizers. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:2203-2219. [PMID: 34800074 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the study is to analyse the effect of microbial consortia for wheat biofortification, growth, yield and soil fertility as part of a 2-year field study and compare it with the use of chemical fertilizers. METHODS AND RESULTS A field trial (second year) was conducted with various combinations of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) treatments, ranging from a single inoculant to multiple combinations. The microbial consortia used were Bacillus sp. and AMF based on first-year field trial results. The consortia based on native (CP4) and non-native (AHP3) PGPB (Bacillus sp.) and AMF performed better in terms of nutrients content in wheat grain tissue and yield-related traits compared with chemical fertilizer treated and untreated control. Dual treatment of PGPB (CP4+AHP3) combined with AMF resulted in a significant increase in antioxidants. The spatial colonization of AMF in roots indicated that both the isolates CP4 and AHP3 were able to enhance the AMF colonization in root tissue. Furthermore, soil enzymes' activities were higher with the PGPB and AMF combination giving the best results. A positive correlation was recorded between plant growth, grain yield and soil physicochemical parameters. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm that the combined treatment of CP4 and AHP3 and AMF functions as an effective microbial consortium with excellent application prospects for wheat biofortification, grain yield and soil fertility compared with chemical fertilizers. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY The extensive application of chemical fertilizers on low-yielding field sites is a severe concern for cereal crops, especially wheat in the Asian continent. This study serves as a primer for implementing site-specific sustainable agricultural-management practices using a green technology leading to significant gains in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radheshyam Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Pankaj Ror
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Rahul Beniwal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Botany, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Wusirika Ramakrishna
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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18
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Ectomycorrhizal Stands Accelerate Decomposition to a Greater Extent than Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Stands in a Northern Deciduous Forest. Ecosystems 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-021-00712-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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19
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Beidler KV, Oh YE, Pritchard SG, Phillips RP. Mycorrhizal roots slow the decay of belowground litters in a temperate hardwood forest. Oecologia 2021; 197:743-755. [PMID: 34626268 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-05051-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that plant roots and mycorrhizal fungi, whether living or dead, play a central role in soil carbon (C) cycling. Root-mycorrhizal-microbial interactions can both suppress and enhance litter decay, with the net result dependent upon belowground nutrient acquisition strategies and soil nutrient availability. We measured the net effect of living roots and mycorrhizal fungi on the decay of dead roots and fungal hyphae in a hardwood forest dominated by either sugar maple (Acer saccharum) or white oak (Quercus alba) trees. Root and fungal litter were allowed to decompose within root-ingrowth bags and root-exclusion cores. In conjunction with root effects on decay, we assessed foraging responses and root induced changes in soil moisture, nitrogen (N) availability and enzyme activity. After 1 year, maple root production increased, and mycorrhizal fungal colonization decreased in the presence of decaying litter. In addition, we found that actively foraging roots suppressed the decay of root litter (- 14%) more than fungal litter (- 3%), and suppression of root decay was stronger for oak (- 20%) than maple roots (- 8%). Suppressive effects of oak roots on decay were greatest when roots also reduced soil N availability, which corresponded with reductions in hydrolytic enzyme activity and enhanced oxidative enzyme activities. These findings further our understanding of context-dependent drivers of root-mycorrhizal-microbial interactions and demonstrate that such interactions can play an underappreciated role in soil organic matter accumulation and turnover in temperate forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katilyn V Beidler
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
| | - Young E Oh
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Seth G Pritchard
- Department of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, 29424, USA
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20
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Carteron A, Beigas M, Joly S, Turner BL, Laliberté E. Temperate Forests Dominated by Arbuscular or Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Are Characterized by Strong Shifts from Saprotrophic to Mycorrhizal Fungi with Increasing Soil Depth. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2021; 82:377-390. [PMID: 32556393 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01540-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In temperate and boreal forests, competition for soil resources between free-living saprotrophs and ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi has been suggested to restrict saprotrophic fungal dominance to the most superficial organic soil horizons in forests dominated by EcM trees. By contrast, lower niche overlap with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi could allow fungal saprotrophs to maintain this dominance into deeper soil horizons in AM-dominated forests. Here we used a natural gradient of adjacent forest patches that were dominated by either AM or EcM trees, or a mixture of both to determine how fungal communities characterized with high-throughput amplicon sequencing change across organic and mineral soil horizons. We found a general shift from saprotrophic to mycorrhizal fungal dominance with increasing soil depth in all forest mycorrhizal types, especially in organic horizons. Vertical changes in soil chemistry, including pH, organic matter, exchangeable cations, and extractable phosphorus, coincided with shifts in fungal community composition. Although fungal communities and soil chemistry differed among adjacent forest mycorrhizal types, variations were stronger within a given soil profile, pointing to the importance of considering horizons when characterizing soil fungal communities. Our results also suggest that in temperate forests, vertical shifts from saprotrophic to mycorrhizal fungi within organic and mineral horizons occur similarly in both ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Carteron
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, H1X 2B2, Canada.
| | - Marie Beigas
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Simon Joly
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, H1X 2B2, Canada
- Montreal Botanical Garden, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Benjamin L Turner
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | - Etienne Laliberté
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, H1X 2B2, Canada
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21
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Clocchiatti A, Hannula SE, Hundscheid MPJ, Klein Gunnewiek PJA, de Boer W. Stimulated saprotrophic fungi in arable soil extend their activity to the rhizosphere and root microbiomes of crop seedlings. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:6056-6073. [PMID: 33973345 PMCID: PMC8596668 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Saprotrophic fungi play an important role in ecosystem functioning and plant performance, but their abundance in intensively managed arable soils is low. Saprotrophic fungal biomass in arable soils can be enhanced with amendments of cellulose‐rich materials. Here, we examined if sawdust‐stimulated saprotrophic fungi extend their activity to the rhizosphere of crop seedlings and influence the composition and activity of other rhizosphere and root inhabitants. After growing carrot seedlings in sawdust‐amended arable soil, we determined fungal and bacterial biomass and community structure in roots, rhizosphere and soil. Utilization of root exudates was assessed by stable isotope probing (SIP) following 13CO2‐pulse‐labelling of seedlings. This was combined with analysis of lipid fatty acids (PLFA/NLFA‐SIP) and nucleic acids (DNA‐SIP). Sawdust‐stimulated Sordariomycetes colonized the seedling's rhizosphere and roots and actively consumed root exudates. This did not reduce the abundance and activity of bacteria, yet higher proportions of α‐Proteobacteria and Bacteroidia were seen. Biomass and activity of mycorrhizal fungi increased with sawdust amendments, whereas exudate consumption and root colonization by functional groups containing plant pathogens did not change. Sawdust amendment of arable soil enhanced abundance and exudate‐consuming activity of saprotrophic fungi in the rhizosphere of crop seedlings and promoted potential beneficial microbial groups in root‐associated microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Clocchiatti
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Soil Biology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - S Emilia Hannula
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria P J Hundscheid
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wietse de Boer
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Soil Biology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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22
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Lang AK, Jevon FV, Vietorisz CR, Ayres MP, Hatala Matthes J. Fine roots and mycorrhizal fungi accelerate leaf litter decomposition in a northern hardwood forest regardless of dominant tree mycorrhizal associations. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:316-326. [PMID: 33341954 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
●Fine roots and mycorrhizal fungi may either stimulate leaf litter decomposition by providing free-living decomposers with root-derived carbon, or may slow decomposition through nutrient competition between mycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi. ●We reduced the presence of fine roots and their associated mycorrhizal fungi in a northern hardwood forest in New Hampshire, USA by soil trenching. Plots spanned a mycorrhizal gradient from 96% arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) associations to 100% ectomycorrhizal (ECM)-associated tree basal area. We incubated four species of leaf litter within these plots in areas with reduced access to roots and mycorrhizal fungi and in adjacent areas with intact roots and mycorrhizal fungi. ●Over a period of 608 d, we found that litter decayed more rapidly in the presence of fine roots and mycorrhizal hyphae regardless of the dominant tree mycorrhizal association. Root and mycorrhizal exclusion reduced the activity of acid phosphatase on decomposing litter. ●Our results indicate that both AM- and ECM-associated fine roots stimulate litter decomposition in this system. These findings suggest that the effect of fine roots and mycorrhizal fungi on litter decay in a particular ecosystem likely depends on whether interactions between mycorrhizal roots and saprotrophic fungi are antagonistic or facilitative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley K Lang
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Fiona V Jevon
- Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | | | - Matthew P Ayres
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
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23
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Jansa J, Hodge A. Swimming, gliding, or hyphal riding? On microbial migration along the arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphal highway and functional consequences thereof. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:14-16. [PMID: 33600606 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Jansa
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Praha 4, 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Angela Hodge
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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24
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Bullington LS, Lekberg Y, Larkin BG. Insufficient sampling constrains our characterization of plant microbiomes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3645. [PMID: 33574436 PMCID: PMC7878899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83153-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants host diverse microbial communities, but there is little consensus on how we sample these communities, and this has unknown consequences. Using root and leaf tissue from showy milkweed (Asclepias speciosa), we compared two common sampling strategies: (1) homogenizing after subsampling (30 mg), and (2) homogenizing bulk tissue before subsampling (30 mg). We targeted bacteria, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and non-AM fungi in roots, and foliar fungal endophytes (FFE) in leaves. We further extracted DNA from all of the leaf tissue collected to determine the extent of undersampling of FFE, and sampled FFE twice across the season using strategy one to assess temporal dynamics. All microbial groups except AM fungi differed in composition between the two sampling strategies. Community overlap increased when rare taxa were removed, but FFE and bacterial communities still differed between strategies, with largely non-overlapping communities within individual plants. Increasing the extraction mass 10 × increased FFE richness ~ 10 ×, confirming the severe undersampling indicated in the sampling comparisons. Still, seasonal patterns in FFEs were apparent, suggesting that strong drivers are identified despite severe undersampling. Our findings highlight that current sampling practices poorly characterize many microbial groups, and increased sampling intensity is necessary for increase reproducibility and to identify subtler patterns in microbial distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorinda S Bullington
- MPG Ranch, Missoula, MT, 59801, USA.
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA.
| | - Ylva Lekberg
- MPG Ranch, Missoula, MT, 59801, USA
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
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25
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Netherway T, Bengtsson J, Krab EJ, Bahram M. Biotic interactions with mycorrhizal systems as extended nutrient acquisition strategies shaping forest soil communities and functions. Basic Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Krasylenko Y, Těšitel J, Ceccantini G, Oliveira-da-Silva M, Dvořák V, Steele D, Sosnovsky Y, Piwowarczyk R, Watson DM, Teixeira-Costa L. Parasites on parasites: hyper-, epi-, and autoparasitism among flowering plants. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2021; 108:8-21. [PMID: 33403666 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
All organisms engage in parasitic relations, as either parasites or hosts. Some species may even play both roles simultaneously. Among flowering plants, the most widespread form of parasitism is characterized by the development of an intrusive organ called the haustorium, which absorbs water and nutrients from the host. Despite this functionally unifying feature of parasitic plants, haustoria are not homologous structures; they have evolved 12 times independently. These plants represent ca. 1% of all extant flowering species and show a wide diversity of life histories. A great variety of plants may also serve as hosts, including other parasitic plants. This phenomenon of parasitic exploitation of another parasite, broadly known as hyper- or epiparasitism, is well described among bacteria, fungi, and animals, but remains poorly understood among plants. Here, we review empirical evidence of plant hyperparasitism, including variations of self-parasitism, discuss the diversity and ecological importance of these interactions, and suggest possible evolutionary mechanisms. Hyperparasitism may provide benefits in terms of improved nutrition and enhanced host-parasite compatibility if partners are related. Different forms of self-parasitism may facilitate nutrient sharing among and within parasitic plant individuals, while also offering potential for the evolution of hyperparasitism. Cases of hyperparasitic interactions between parasitic plants may affect the ecology of individual species and modulate their ecosystem impacts. Parasitic plant phenology and disperser feeding behavior are considered to play a major role in the occurrence of hyperparasitism, especially among mistletoes. There is also potential for hyperparasites to act as biological control agents of invasive primary parasitic host species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Krasylenko
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů, 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Těšitel
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gregorio Ceccantini
- Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Mariana Oliveira-da-Silva
- Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Václav Dvořák
- Botanical Garden, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Steele
- Department of Plant Sciences, UC Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616
| | - Yevhen Sosnovsky
- Botanical Garden, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 44 Cheremshyna Str., 79014, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Renata Piwowarczyk
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406, Kielce, Poland
| | - David M Watson
- Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, PO Box 789, Albury, 2640, Australia
| | - Luiza Teixeira-Costa
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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Wang Y, Li Y, Li S, Rosendahl S. Ignored diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in co-occurring mycotrophic and non-mycotrophic plants. MYCORRHIZA 2021; 31:93-102. [PMID: 33140218 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-020-00997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization in roots of putative non-mycotrophic species has been known for decades, but our knowledge of AMF community structure in non-mycotrophic plants is limited. Here, we compared AMF species composition and diversity in roots of co-occurring mycotrophic and putative non-mycotrophic herbs in two wetlands. A SSU-ITS-LSU fragment in AMF rDNA was amplified, cloned and sequenced, and used to characterize the AMF community in the roots of 16 putative non-mycotrophic and 18 mycotrophic herbs. The results showed that AMF hyphae and vesicles, but not arbuscules, were commonly present in putative non-mycotrophic plants. A total of 971 AMF sequences were obtained, and these were finally assigned to 28 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). At both sites, AMF taxon richness and Hill number based on Shannon's index in the putative non-mycotrophic herbs were similar to those for mycotrophic plants, but AMF community composition between mycotrophic and non-mycotrophic plants was significantly different. Ten AMF OTUs were uniquely detected in the putative non-mycotrophic species, and two were identified as the AMF indicators in non-mycotrophic plants. These results implied that non-mycotrophic plants may harbor a potential source of AMF diversity previously ignored which should be included in our understanding of diversity, distribution pattern, and ecological significance of root-colonizing AMF. As the first direct comparison of AMF diversity and species composition between mycotrophic and putative non-mycotrophic species in wetlands, our study has important implications for the understanding of AMF distribution patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yingwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Shaoshan Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| | - Søren Rosendahl
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Rubin JA, Görres JH. Potential for Mycorrhizae-Assisted Phytoremediation of Phosphorus for Improved Water Quality. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:E7. [PMID: 33374981 PMCID: PMC7792571 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
During this 6th Great Extinction, freshwater quality is imperiled by upland terrestrial practices. Phosphorus, a macronutrient critical for life, can be a concerning contaminant when excessively present in waterways due to its stimulation of algal and cyanobacterial blooms, with consequences for ecosystem functioning, water use, and human and animal health. Landscape patterns from residential, industrial and agricultural practices release phosphorus at alarming rates and concentrations threaten watershed communities. In an effort to reconcile the anthropogenic effects of phosphorus pollution, several strategies are available to land managers. These include source reduction, contamination event prevention and interception. A total of 80% of terrestrial plants host mycorrhizae which facilitate increased phosphorus uptake and thus removal from soil and water. This symbiotic relationship between fungi and plants facilitates a several-fold increase in phosphorus uptake. It is surprising how little this relationship has been encouraged to mitigate phosphorus for water quality improvement. This paper explores how facilitating this symbiosis in different landscape and land-use contexts can help reduce the application of fertility amendments, prevent non-point source leaching and erosion, and intercept remineralized phosphorus before it enters surface water ecosystems. This literature survey offers promising insights into how mycorrhizae can aid ecological restoration to reconcile humans' damage to Earth's freshwater. We also identify areas where research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Rubin
- Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;
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29
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Mushinski RM, Payne ZC, Raff JD, Craig ME, Pusede SE, Rusch DB, White JR, Phillips RP. Nitrogen cycling microbiomes are structured by plant mycorrhizal associations with consequences for nitrogen oxide fluxes in forests. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 27:1068-1082. [PMID: 33319480 PMCID: PMC7898693 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Volatile nitrogen oxides (N2 O, NO, NO2 , HONO, …) can negatively impact climate, air quality, and human health. Using soils collected from temperate forests across the eastern United States, we show microbial communities involved in nitrogen (N) cycling are structured, in large part, by the composition of overstory trees, leading to predictable N-cycling syndromes, with consequences for emissions of volatile nitrogen oxides to air. Trees associating with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi promote soil microbial communities with higher N-cycle potential and activity, relative to microbial communities in soils dominated by trees associating with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. Metagenomic analysis and gene expression studies reveal a 5 and 3.5 times greater estimated N-cycle gene and transcript copy numbers, respectively, in AM relative to ECM soil. Furthermore, we observe a 60% linear decrease in volatile reactive nitrogen gas flux (NOy ≡ NO, NO2 , HONO) as ECM tree abundance increases. Compared to oxic conditions, gas flux potential of N2 O and NO increase significantly under anoxic conditions for AM soil (30- and 120-fold increase), but not ECM soil-likely owing to small concentrations of available substrate ( NO 3 - ) in ECM soil. Linear mixed effects modeling shows that ECM tree abundance, microbial process rates, and geographic location are primarily responsible for variation in peak potential NOy flux. Given that nearly all tree species associate with either AM or ECM fungi, our results indicate that the consequences of tree species shifts associated with global change may have predictable consequences for soil N cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Mushinski
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental AffairsIndiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA
| | - Zachary C. Payne
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental AffairsIndiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA
- Department of ChemistryIndiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA
| | - Jonathan D. Raff
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental AffairsIndiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA
- Department of ChemistryIndiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA
| | - Matthew E. Craig
- Department of BiologyIndiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science InstituteOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | - Sally E. Pusede
- Department of Environmental SciencesUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Douglas B. Rusch
- Center for Genomics and BioinformaticsIndiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA
| | - Jeffrey R. White
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental AffairsIndiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric SciencesIndiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA
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30
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Barceló M, van Bodegom PM, Tedersoo L, den Haan N, Veen GF(C, Ostonen I, Trimbos K, Soudzilovskaia NA. The abundance of arbuscular mycorrhiza in soils is linked to the total length of roots colonized at ecosystem level. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237256. [PMID: 32915795 PMCID: PMC7485760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) strongly affect ecosystem functioning. To understand and quantify the mechanisms of this control, knowledge about the relationship between the actual abundance and community composition of AMF in the soil and in plant roots is needed. We collected soil and root samples in a natural dune grassland to test whether, across a plant community, the abundance of AMF in host roots (measured as the total length of roots colonized) is related to soil AMF abundance (using the neutral lipid fatty acids (NLFA) 16:1ω5 as proxy). Next-generation sequencing was used to explore the role of community composition in abundance patterns. We found a strong positive relationship between the total length of roots colonized by AMF and the amount of NLFA 16:1ω5 in the soil. We provide the first field-based evidence of proportional biomass allocation between intra-and extraradical AMF mycelium, at ecosystem level. We suggest that this phenomenon is made possible by compensatory colonization strategies of individual fungal species. Finally, our findings open the possibility of using AMF total root colonization as a proxy for soil AMF abundances, aiding further exploration of the AMF impacts on ecosystems functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Barceló
- Environmental Biology Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Peter M. van Bodegom
- Environmental Biology Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Leho Tedersoo
- Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nadja den Haan
- Environmental Biology Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - G. F. (Ciska) Veen
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ivika Ostonen
- University of Tartu, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Krijn Trimbos
- Environmental Biology Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia
- Environmental Biology Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
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31
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Lourenço KS, Suleiman AKA, Pijl A, Cantarella H, Kuramae EE. Dynamics and resilience of soil mycobiome under multiple organic and inorganic pulse disturbances. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 733:139173. [PMID: 32454291 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Disturbances in soil can cause short-term soil changes, consequently changes in microbial community what may result in long-lasting ecological effects. Here, we evaluate how multiple pulse disturbances effect the dynamics and resilience of fungal community, and the co-occurrence of fungal and bacterial communities in a 389 days field experiment. We used soil under sugarcane cultivation as soil ecosystem model, and organic residue (vinasse - by-product of sugarcane ethanol production) combined or not with inorganic (organic residue applied 30 days before or together with mineral N fertilizer) amendments as disturbances. Application of organic residue alone as a single disturbance or 30 days prior to a second disturbance with mineral N resulted in similar changes in the fungal community. The simultaneous application of organic and mineral N as a single pulse disturbance had the greatest impact on the fungal community. Organic amendment increased the abundance of saprotrophs, fungal species capable of denitrification, and fungi described to have copiotrophic and oligotrophic lifestyles. Furthermore, the changes in the fungal community were not correlated with the changes in the bacterial community. The fungal community was neither resistant nor resilient to organic and inorganic disturbances over the one-year sampling period. Our findings provide insights on the immediate and delayed responses of the fungal community over one year to disturbance by organic and inorganic amendments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Késia Silva Lourenço
- Microbial Ecology Department, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708, PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Soils and Environmental Resources Center, Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC), Av. Barão de Itapura 1481, 13020-902 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Afnan Khalil Ahmad Suleiman
- Microbial Ecology Department, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708, PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands; KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433, PE, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Agata Pijl
- Microbial Ecology Department, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708, PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Heitor Cantarella
- Soils and Environmental Resources Center, Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC), Av. Barão de Itapura 1481, 13020-902 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Eiko Eurya Kuramae
- Microbial Ecology Department, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708, PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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32
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Ingraffia R, Amato G, Sosa-Hernández MA, Frenda AS, Rillig MC, Giambalvo D. Nitrogen Type and Availability Drive Mycorrhizal Effects on Wheat Performance, Nitrogen Uptake and Recovery, and Production Sustainability. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:760. [PMID: 32636854 PMCID: PMC7318877 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant performance is strongly dependent on nitrogen (N), and thus increasing N nutrition is of great relevance for the productivity of agroecosystems. The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on plant N acquisition are debated because contradictory results have been reported. Using 15N-labeled fertilizers as a tracer, we evaluated the effects of AM fungi on N uptake and recovery from mineral or organic sources in durum wheat. Under sufficient N availability, AM fungi had no effects on plant biomass but increased N concentrations in plant tissue, plant N uptake, and total N recovered from the fertilizer. In N-deficient soil, AM fungi led to decreased aboveground biomass, which suggests that plants and AM fungi may have competed for N. When the organic source had a low C:N ratio, AM fungi favored both plant N uptake and N recovery. In contrast, when the organic source had a high C:N ratio, a clear reduction in N recovery from the fertilizer was observed. Overall, the results indicate an active role of arbuscular mycorrhizae in favoring plant N-related traits when N is not a limiting factor and show that these fungi help in N recovery from the fertilizer. These results hold great potential for increasing the sustainability of durum wheat production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosolino Ingraffia
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaetano Amato
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Moisés A Sosa-Hernández
- Plant Ecology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfonso S Frenda
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Plant Ecology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dario Giambalvo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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33
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Sandoz FA, Bindschedler S, Dauphin B, Farinelli L, Grant JR, Hervé V. Biotic and abiotic factors shape arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities associated with the roots of the widespread fern Botrychium lunaria (Ophioglossaceae). ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2020; 12:342-354. [PMID: 32216046 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play central roles in terrestrial ecosystems by interacting with both above and belowground communities as well as by influencing edaphic properties. The AMF communities associated with the roots of the fern Botrychium lunaria (Ophioglossaceae) were sampled in four transects at 2400 m a.s.l. in the Swiss Alps and analyzed using metabarcoding. Members of five Glomeromycota genera were identified across the 71 samples. Our analyses revealed the existence of a core microbiome composed of four abundant Glomus operational taxonomic units (OTUs), as well as a low OTU turnover between samples. The AMF communities were not spatially structured, which contrasts with most studies on AMF associated with angiosperms. pH, microbial connectivity and humus cover significantly shaped AMF beta diversity but only explained a minor fraction of variation in beta diversity. AMF OTUs associations were found to be significant by both cohesion and co-occurrence analyses, suggesting a role for fungus-fungus interactions in AMF community assembly. In particular, OTU co-occurrences were more frequent between different genera than among the same genus, rising the hypothesis of functional complementarity among the AMF associated to B. lunaria. Altogether, our results provide new insights into the ecology of fern symbionts in alpine grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Alexandre Sandoz
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, Chambésy-Genève, Switzerland
| | - Saskia Bindschedler
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Dauphin
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Jason R Grant
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Hervé
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Biogeosciences, Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
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34
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Šmilauer P, Šmilauerová M, Kotilínek M, Košnar J. Foraging speed and precision of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under field conditions: An experimental approach. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:1574-1587. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Šmilauer
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Marie Šmilauerová
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Milan Kotilínek
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Košnar
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic
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35
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Pickles BJ, Truong C, Watts-Williams SJ, Bueno CG. Mycorrhizas for a sustainable world. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:1065-1069. [PMID: 31894588 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Pickles
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Harborne Building, Reading, RG6 6AS, UK
| | - Camille Truong
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Zona Deportiva s.n., Ciudad Universitaria, Apartado Postal 70-367, Ciudad de México, C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | | | - C Guillermo Bueno
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai Street, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
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36
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Carrillo-Saucedo SM, Gavito ME. Resilience of soil aggregation and exocellular enzymatic functions associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities along a successional gradient in a tropical dry forest. MYCORRHIZA 2020; 30:109-120. [PMID: 31836908 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-019-00928-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are well-known contributors to soil aggregation and nutrient cycling functions, but we still know little about their capacity to resist or recover from persistent disturbance. Rangeland management may deteriorate these functions by affecting the activity of soil biota, including AM fungi, among other consequences. If affected, some soil properties show recovery when management stops and natural regeneration is allowed. We conducted an experiment to evaluate if the functions related to soil aggregation and promotion of exocellular enzymatic activities associated with AM fungal communities had been affected by rangeland management and, if they had, whether they recovered with successional time when management stopped. AM fungal communities from ten sites with different successional ages in a tropical dry forest region were inoculated to the same host growing in pots divided by mesh into a plant compartment and an AM mycelium compartment. We examined soil stable aggregates fractions and enzymatic activities produced or promoted by AM fungi. Soil aggregation changed significantly only after the study had run for 3 years, was higher in the hyphosphere than in the root compartment, and showed a low but positive relation with the successional age of the communities. The activity of phosphatase, but not casein-protease and beta-glucosidase, increased with successional age. Therefore, soil aggregation and enzyme activities associated with AM fungal communities seemed resilient because casein-protease and beta-glucosidase were unchanged, and aggregation and phosphatase were reduced by rangeland management but recovered with successional time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Margarita Carrillo-Saucedo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Exhacienda San José de la Huerta, C.P. 58190, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Mayra E Gavito
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Exhacienda San José de la Huerta, C.P. 58190, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
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Averill C, Bhatnagar JM, Dietze MC, Pearse WD, Kivlin SN. Global imprint of mycorrhizal fungi on whole-plant nutrient economics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:23163-23168. [PMID: 31659035 PMCID: PMC6859366 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1906655116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycorrhizal fungi are critical members of the plant microbiome, forming a symbiosis with the roots of most plants on Earth. Most plant species partner with either arbuscular or ectomycorrhizal fungi, and these symbioses are thought to represent plant adaptations to fast and slow soil nutrient cycling rates. This generates a second hypothesis, that arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal plant species traits complement and reinforce these fungal strategies, resulting in nutrient acquisitive vs. conservative plant trait profiles. Here we analyzed 17,764 species level trait observations from 2,940 woody plant species to show that mycorrhizal plants differ systematically in nitrogen and phosphorus economic traits. Differences were clearest in temperate latitudes, where ectomycorrhizal plant species are more nitrogen use- and phosphorus use-conservative than arbuscular mycorrhizal species. This difference is reflected in both aboveground and belowground plant traits and is robust to controlling for evolutionary history, nitrogen fixation ability, deciduousness, latitude, and species climate niche. Furthermore, mycorrhizal effects are large and frequently similar to or greater in magnitude than the influence of plant nitrogen fixation ability or deciduous vs. evergreen leaf habit. Ectomycorrhizal plants are also more nitrogen conservative than arbuscular plants in boreal and tropical ecosystems, although differences in phosphorus use are less apparent outside temperate latitudes. Our findings bolster current theories of ecosystems rooted in mycorrhizal ecology and support the hypothesis that plant mycorrhizal association is linked to the evolution of plant nutrient economic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Averill
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215;
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Michael C Dietze
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - William D Pearse
- Department of Biology and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322
| | - Stephanie N Kivlin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
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