1
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Li S, Luo H, Tang P, Tian C, Hu J, Lu H, Shui W. Generation of a Deep Mouse Brain Spectral Library for Transmembrane Proteome Profiling in Mental Disease Models. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024; 23:100777. [PMID: 38670310 PMCID: PMC11137342 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane (TM) proteins constitute over 30% of the mammalian proteome and play essential roles in mediating cell-cell communication, synaptic transmission, and plasticity in the central nervous system. Many of these proteins, especially the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), are validated or candidate drug targets for therapeutic development for mental diseases, yet their expression profiles are underrepresented in most global proteomic studies. Herein, we establish a brain TM protein-enriched spectral library based on 136 data-dependent acquisition runs acquired from various brain regions of both naïve mice and mental disease models. This spectral library comprises 3043 TM proteins including 171 GPCRs, 231 ion channels, and 598 transporters. Leveraging this library, we analyzed the data-independent acquisition data from different brain regions of two mouse models exhibiting depression- or anxiety-like behaviors. By integrating multiple informatics workflows and library sources, our study significantly expanded the mental stress-perturbed TM proteome landscape, from which a new GPCR regulator of depression was verified by in vivo pharmacological testing. In summary, we provide a high-quality mouse brain TM protein spectral library to largely increase the TM proteome coverage in specific brain regions, which would catalyze the discovery of new potential drug targets for the treatment of mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huoqing Luo
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pan Tang
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cuiping Tian
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Haojie Lu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenqing Shui
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Yao Y, Wang D, Zheng L, Zhao J, Tan M. Advances in prognostic models for osteosarcoma risk. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28493. [PMID: 38586328 PMCID: PMC10998144 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The risk prognosis model is a statistical model that uses a set of features to predict whether an individual will develop a specific disease or clinical outcome. It can be used in clinical practice to stratify disease severity and assess risk or prognosis. With the advancement of large-scale second-generation sequencing technology, along Prognosis models for osteosarcoma are increasingly being developed as large-scale second-generation sequencing technology advances and clinical and biological data becomes more abundant. This expansion greatly increases the number of prognostic models and candidate genes suitable for clinical use. This article will present the predictive effects and reliability of various prognosis models, serving as a reference for their evaluation and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yao
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Bioresource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Dapeng Wang
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Bioresource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Bioresource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Manli Tan
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Bioresource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
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3
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Hansen MS, Madsen K, Price M, Søe K, Omata Y, Zaiss MM, Gorvin CM, Frost M, Rauch A. Transcriptional reprogramming during human osteoclast differentiation identifies regulators of osteoclast activity. Bone Res 2024; 12:5. [PMID: 38263167 PMCID: PMC10806178 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00312-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Enhanced osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activity contribute to the development of osteoporosis, which is characterized by increased bone resorption and inadequate bone formation. As novel antiosteoporotic therapeutics are needed, understanding the genetic regulation of human osteoclastogenesis could help identify potential treatment targets. This study aimed to provide an overview of transcriptional reprogramming during human osteoclast differentiation. Osteoclasts were differentiated from CD14+ monocytes from eight female donors. RNA sequencing during differentiation revealed 8 980 differentially expressed genes grouped into eight temporal patterns conserved across donors. These patterns revealed distinct molecular functions associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis susceptibility genes based on RNA from iliac crest biopsies and bone mineral density SNPs. Network analyses revealed mutual dependencies between temporal expression patterns and provided insight into subtype-specific transcriptional networks. The donor-specific expression patterns revealed genes at the monocyte stage, such as filamin B (FLNB) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (OLR1, encoding LOX-1), that are predictive of the resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts. The expression of differentially expressed G-protein coupled receptors was strong during osteoclast differentiation, and these receptors are associated with bone mineral density SNPs, suggesting that they play a pivotal role in osteoclast differentiation and activity. The regulatory effects of three differentially expressed G-protein coupled receptors were exemplified by in vitro pharmacological modulation of complement 5 A receptor 1 (C5AR1), somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2), and free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFAR4/GPR120). Activating C5AR1 enhanced osteoclast formation, while activating SSTR2 decreased the resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts, and activating FFAR4 decreased both the number and resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts. In conclusion, we report the occurrence of transcriptional reprogramming during human osteoclast differentiation and identified SSTR2 and FFAR4 as antiresorptive G-protein coupled receptors and FLNB and LOX-1 as potential molecular markers of osteoclast activity. These data can help future investigations identify molecular regulators of osteoclast differentiation and activity and provide the basis for novel antiosteoporotic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten S Hansen
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark
- Clinical Cell Biology, Pathology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Kaja Madsen
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Maria Price
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (CEDAM), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Kent Søe
- Clinical Cell Biology, Pathology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Yasunori Omata
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mario M Zaiss
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Caroline M Gorvin
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (CEDAM), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Morten Frost
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark.
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Alexander Rauch
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark.
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark.
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Park SY, Kim D, Jung JW, An HJ, Lee J, Park Y, Lee D, Lee S, Kim JM. Targeting class A GPCRs for hard tissue regeneration. Biomaterials 2024; 304:122425. [PMID: 38100905 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play important roles in various pathogeneses and physiological regulations. Owing to their functional diversity, GPCRs are considered one of the primary pharmaceutical targets. However, drugs targeting GPCRs have not been developed yet to regenerate hard tissues such as teeth and bones. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have high proliferation and multi-lineage differentiation potential, which are essential for hard tissue regeneration. Here, we present a strategy for targeting class A GPCRs for hard tissue regeneration by promoting the differentiation of endogenous MSCs into osteogenic and odontogenic progenitor cells. Through in vitro screening targeted at class A GPCRs, we identified six target receptors (LPAR1, F2R, F2RL1, F2RL2, S1PR1, and ADORA2A) and candidate drugs with potent biomineralization effects. Through a combination of profiling whole transcriptome and accessible chromatin regions, we identified that p53 acts as a key transcriptional activator of genes that modulate the biomineralization process. Moreover, the therapeutic potential of class A GPCR-targeting drugs was demonstrated in tooth pulpotomy and calvarial defect models. The selected drugs revealed potent regenerative effects in both tooth and bone defects, represented by newly formed highly mineralized regions. Consequently, this study provides translational evidence for a new regenerative strategy for damaged hard tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Park
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyun Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Won Jung
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju An
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeji Park
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasun Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonchul Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13496, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Man Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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5
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He L, Xu Z, Niu X, Li R, Wang F, You Y, Gao J, Zhao L, Shah KM, Fan J, Liu M, Luo J. GPRC5B protects osteoarthritis by regulation of autophagy signaling. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:2976-2989. [PMID: 37521864 PMCID: PMC10372909 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world. However, current treatment modalities mainly relieve pain and inhibit cartilage degradation, but do not promote cartilage regeneration. In this study, we show that G protein-coupled receptor class C group 5 member B (GPRC5B), an orphan G-protein-couple receptor, not only inhibits cartilage degradation, but also increases cartilage regeneration and thereby is protective against OA. We observed that Gprc5b deficient chondrocytes had an upregulation of cartilage catabolic gene expression, along with downregulation of anabolic genes in vitro. Furthermore, mice deficient in Gprc5b displayed a more severe OA phenotype in the destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) induced OA mouse model, with upregulation of cartilage catabolic factors and downregulation of anabolic factors, consistent with our in vitro findings. Overexpression of Gprc5b by lentiviral vectors alleviated the cartilage degeneration in DMM-induced OA mouse model by inhibiting cartilage degradation and promoting regeneration. We also assessed the molecular mechanisms downstream of Gprc5b that may mediate these observed effects and identify the role of protein kinase B (AKT)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-autophagy signaling pathway. Thus, we demonstrate an integral role of GPRC5B in OA pathogenesis, and activation of GPRC5B has the potential in preventing the progression of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang He
- Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201613, China
| | - Ziwei Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xin Niu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Rong Li
- Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201613, China
| | - Fanhua Wang
- Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201613, China
| | - Yu You
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jingduo Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201613, China
| | - Karan M. Shah
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, the Medical School, the University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Jian Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jian Luo
- Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201613, China
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6
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Liu H, Zhao X, Li Y, Yi J, Zhang C, Zheng Z, Dai S, Yin G, Zhao S. Bioinformatic analysis of the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of bone defects. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1157099. [PMID: 37359021 PMCID: PMC10286739 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1157099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The pathophysiology of bone defects (BDs) is complex, and the treatment for bone defects, in particular massive bone defects, remains a major clinical challenge. Our study was conducted to explore the molecular events related to the progression of bone defects a common clinical condition. Methods First, microarray data of GSE20980 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, where 33 samples in total were used to analyze the molecular biological processes related to bone defects. Next, the original data were normalized and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Additionally, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were conducted. Finally, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and the trends of the different genes were confirmed. Results Compared with the samples of non-critical size defects (NCSD), the samples of critical size defects (CSD) had 2057, 827, and 1,024 DEGs at 7, 14, and 21 days post injury, respectively. At day 7, the DEGs were significantly enriched in metabolic pathways, at day 14 the DEGs were predominantly enriched in G-protein coupled signaling pathways and the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway, and at day 21 the DEGs were mainly enriched in circadian entrainment and synaptic-related functions. The PPI network showed similar results. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot (WB) were performed to validate the partial results of sequencing. Conclusion This study provides some clues about the molecular mechanism behind bone defects, which should contribute to scientific research and clinical treatment of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Spinal Cord Disease Research Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Spinal Cord Disease Research Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Spinal Cord Disease Research Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiang Yi
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Spinal Cord Disease Research Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Spinal Cord Disease Research Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziyang Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Spinal Cord Disease Research Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siming Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Spinal Cord Disease Research Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoyong Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Spinal Cord Disease Research Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shujie Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Spinal Cord Disease Research Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Roy A. Advances in the molecular level understanding of G-protein coupled receptor. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 196:1-13. [PMID: 36813353 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent largest family of plasma membrane-bound receptor proteins that are involved in numerous cellular and physiological functions. Many extracellular stimuli such as hormones, lipids and chemokines activate these receptors. Aberrant expression and genetic alteration in GPCR are associated with many human diseases including cancer and cardiovascular disease. GPCRs have emerged as potential therapeutic target and numerous drugs are either approved by FDA or under clinical trial. This chapter provides an update on GPCR research and its significance as a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhiraj Roy
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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8
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Flegel J, Shaaban S, Jia ZJ, Schulte B, Lian Y, Krzyzanowski A, Metz M, Schneidewind T, Wesseler F, Flegel A, Reich A, Brause A, Xue G, Zhang M, Dötsch L, Stender ID, Hoffmann JE, Scheel R, Janning P, Rastinejad F, Schade D, Strohmann C, Antonchick AP, Sievers S, Moura-Alves P, Ziegler S, Waldmann H. The Highly Potent AhR Agonist Picoberin Modulates Hh-Dependent Osteoblast Differentiation. J Med Chem 2022; 65:16268-16289. [PMID: 36459434 PMCID: PMC9791665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Identification and analysis of small molecule bioactivity in target-agnostic cellular assays and monitoring changes in phenotype followed by identification of the biological target are a powerful approach for the identification of novel bioactive chemical matter in particular when the monitored phenotype is disease-related and physiologically relevant. Profiling methods that enable the unbiased analysis of compound-perturbed states can suggest mechanisms of action or even targets for bioactive small molecules and may yield novel insights into biology. Here we report the enantioselective synthesis of natural-product-inspired 8-oxotetrahydroprotoberberines and the identification of Picoberin, a low picomolar inhibitor of Hedgehog (Hh)-induced osteoblast differentiation. Global transcriptome and proteome profiling revealed the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) as the molecular target of this compound and identified a cross talk between Hh and AhR signaling during osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Flegel
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund 44227, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Saad Shaaban
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund 44227, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna Währinger Str. 38, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Zhi Jun Jia
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund 44227, Germany.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Britta Schulte
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund 44227, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Yilong Lian
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Krzyzanowski
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund 44227, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Malte Metz
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Tabea Schneidewind
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund 44227, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Fabian Wesseler
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund 44227, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Anke Flegel
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Alisa Reich
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Alexandra Brause
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Gang Xue
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Minghao Zhang
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Lara Dötsch
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund 44227, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Isabelle D Stender
- Protein Chemistry Facility, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Jan-Erik Hoffmann
- Protein Chemistry Facility, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Rebecca Scheel
- Faculty of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Petra Janning
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Fraydoon Rastinejad
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Dennis Schade
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Faculty of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Andrey P Antonchick
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund 44227, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund 44227, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Forensics, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | - Sonja Sievers
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund 44227, Germany.,Compound Management and Screening Center, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Pedro Moura-Alves
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom.,i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Slava Ziegler
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund 44227, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund 44227, Germany
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9
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de Jesus VC, Mittermuller BA, Hu P, Schroth RJ, Chelikani P. Association between Downstream Taste Signaling Genes, Oral Microbiome, and Severe Early Childhood Caries. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010081. [PMID: 36613519 PMCID: PMC9820665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms in taste receptor genes have been shown to play a role in early childhood caries (ECC), a multifactorial, biofilm-mediated disease. This study aimed to evaluate associations between severe-ECC (S-ECC), the oral microbiome, and variants in genes that encode components of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling cascade involved in taste sensation. A total of 176 children (88 caries-free; 88 with S-ECC) were recruited. Analyses of 16S and ITS1 rRNA microbial genes and seven (GNAQ, GNAS, GNAT3, GNAI2, RAC1, RALB, and PLCB2) human genes were pursued using next-generation sequencing. Regression analyses were performed to evaluate associations between genetic variants, S-ECC, and the supragingival plaque microbiome. Results suggest that PLCB2 rs2305645 (T), rs1869901 (G), and rs2305649 (G) alleles had a protective effect on S-ECC (rs2305645, odds ratio (OR) = 0.27 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.14-0.51); rs1869901, OR = 0.34 (95% CI: 0.20-0.58); and rs2305649, OR = 0.43 (95% CI: 0.26-0.71)). Variants in GNAQ, GNAS, GNAT3, PLCB2, RALB, and RAC1 were associated with oral fungal and bacterial community composition. This study revealed that three loci at PLCB2 are significantly associated with S-ECC. Variants in multiple genes were associated with the composition of dental biofilm. These findings contribute to the current knowledge about the role of genetics in S-ECC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivianne Cruz de Jesus
- Manitoba Chemosensory Biology Research Group, Department of Oral Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Betty-Anne Mittermuller
- Manitoba Chemosensory Biology Research Group, Department of Oral Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada
| | - Pingzhao Hu
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3N4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Robert J. Schroth
- Manitoba Chemosensory Biology Research Group, Department of Oral Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1S1, Canada
| | - Prashen Chelikani
- Manitoba Chemosensory Biology Research Group, Department of Oral Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3N4, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Correspondence:
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10
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Liebscher I, Cevheroğlu O, Hsiao CC, Maia AF, Schihada H, Scholz N, Soave M, Spiess K, Trajković K, Kosloff M, Prömel S. A guide to adhesion GPCR research. FEBS J 2022; 289:7610-7630. [PMID: 34729908 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) are a class of structurally and functionally highly intriguing cell surface receptors with essential functions in health and disease. Thus, they display a vastly unexploited pharmacological potential. Our current understanding of the physiological functions and signaling mechanisms of aGPCRs form the basis for elucidating further molecular aspects. Combining these with novel tools and methodologies from different fields tailored for studying these unusual receptors yields a powerful potential for pushing aGPCR research from singular approaches toward building up an in-depth knowledge that will facilitate its translation to applied science. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art knowledge on aGPCRs in respect to structure-function relations, physiology, and clinical aspects, as well as the latest advances in the field. We highlight the upcoming most pressing topics in aGPCR research and identify strategies to tackle them. Furthermore, we discuss approaches how to promote, stimulate, and translate research on aGPCRs 'from bench to bedside' in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Liebscher
- Division of Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Germany
| | | | - Cheng-Chih Hsiao
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - André F Maia
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.,IBMC - Instituto Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Hannes Schihada
- C3 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicole Scholz
- Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Germany
| | - Mark Soave
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Katja Spiess
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katarina Trajković
- Biology of Robustness Group, Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences, Split, Croatia
| | - Mickey Kosloff
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, The University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Simone Prömel
- Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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11
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Pihlström S, Määttä K, Öhman T, Mäkitie RE, Aronen M, Varjosalo M, Mäkitie O, Pekkinen M. A multi-omics study to characterize the transdifferentiation of human dermal fibroblasts to osteoblast-like cells. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1032026. [PMID: 36465561 PMCID: PMC9714459 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1032026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Various skeletal disorders display defects in osteoblast development and function. An in vitro model can help to understand underlying disease mechanisms. Currently, access to appropriate starting material for in vitro osteoblastic studies is limited. Native osteoblasts and their progenitors, the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, (MSCs) are problematic to isolate from affected patients and challenging to expand in vitro. Human dermal fibroblasts in vitro are a promising substitute source of cells. Method: We developed an in vitro culturing technique to transdifferentiate fibroblasts into osteoblast-like cells. We obtained human fibroblasts from forearm skin biopsy and differentiated them into osteoblast-like cells with ß-glycerophosphate, ascorbic acid, and dexamethasone treatment. Osteoblastic phenotype was confirmed by staining for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium and phosphate deposits (Alizarin Red, Von Kossa) and by a multi-omics approach (transcriptomic, proteomic, and phosphoproteomic analyses). Result: After 14 days of treatment, both fibroblasts and MSCs (reference cells) stained positive for ALP together with a significant increase in bone specific ALP (p = 0.04 and 0.004, respectively) compared to untreated cells. At a later time point, both cell types deposited minerals, indicating mineralization. In addition, fibroblasts and MSCs showed elevated expression of several osteogenic genes (e.g. ALPL, RUNX2, BMPs and SMADs), and decreased expression of SOX9. Ingenuity Pathways Analysis of RNA sequencing data from fibroblasts and MSCs showed that the osteoarthritis pathway was activated in both cell types (p_adj. = 0.003 and 0.004, respectively). Discussion: These data indicate that our in vitro treatment induces osteoblast-like differentiation in fibroblasts and MSCs, producing an in vitro osteoblastic cell system. This culturing system provides an alternative tool for bone biology research and skeletal tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pihlström
- Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi Määttä
- Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Öhman
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka E. Mäkitie
- Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mira Aronen
- Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Minna Pekkinen
- Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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12
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Zhang W, Zhang Y, Hu N, Wang A. Alzheimer's disease-associated inflammatory pathways might contribute to osteoporosis through the interaction between PROK2 and CSF3. Front Neurol 2022; 13:990779. [PMID: 36203970 PMCID: PMC9531648 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.990779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the potential molecular pathways and targets of Alzheimer's disease leading to osteoporosis using bioinformatics tools. The Alzheimer's and osteoporosis microarray gene expression data were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus, and differentially expressed genes in the blood microenvironment related to Alzheimer's disease and osteoporosis were identified. The intersection of the three datasets (GSE97760, GSE168813, and GSE62402) was used to obtain 21 co-expressed targets in the peripheral blood samples in patients with Alzheimer's disease and osteoporosis. Based on the degree algorithm, the top 10 potential core target genes related to these diseases were identified, which included CLEC4D, PROK2, SIGLEC7, PDGFB, PTCRA, ECH1, etc. Two differentially expressed mRNAs, Prokineticin 2 (PROK2) and three colony-stimulating factor 3 (CSF3), were screened in the GSE62402 dataset associated with osteoporosis. Protein–protein rigid docking with ZDOCK revealed that PROK2 and CSF3 could form a stable protein docking model. The interaction of PROK2 and CSF3, core genes related to osteoporosis inflammation, plays an important role in the mechanism of osteoporosis in patients with Alzheimer's. Therefore, abnormalities or alterations in the inflammatory pathways in the peripheral blood samples of Alzheimer's patients may affect the course of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Zhang
- Department of Joint Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Naixia Hu
- Neurointensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Anying Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
- *Correspondence: Anying Wang
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13
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Implications of a Neuronal Receptor Family, Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors, in Cancer Development and Progression. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182857. [PMID: 36139432 PMCID: PMC9496915 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death, and incidences are increasing globally. Simply defined, cancer is the uncontrolled proliferation of a cell, and depending on the tissue of origin, the cancer etiology, biology, progression, prognosis, and treatment will differ. Carcinogenesis and its progression are associated with genetic factors that can either be inherited and/or acquired and are classified as an oncogene or tumor suppressor. Many of these genetic factors converge on common signaling pathway(s), such as the MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways. In this review, we will focus on the metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) family, an upstream protein that transmits extracellular signals into the cell and has been shown to regulate many aspects of tumor development and progression. We explore the involvement of members of this receptor family in various cancers that include breast cancer, colorectal cancer, glioma, kidney cancer, melanoma, oral cancer, osteosarcoma, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, and T-cell cancers. Intriguingly, depending on the member, mGluRs can either be classified as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, although in general most act as an oncogene. The extensive work done to elucidate the role of mGluRs in various cancers suggests that it might be a viable strategy to therapeutically target glutamatergic signaling.
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14
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Dhakal S, Macreadie I. The Use of Yeast in Biosensing. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091772. [PMID: 36144374 PMCID: PMC9505958 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeast has been used as a model for several diseases as it is the simplest unicellular eukaryote, safe and easy to culture and harbors most of the fundamental processes that are present in almost all higher eukaryotes, including humans. From understanding the pathogenesis of disease to drug discovery studies, yeast has served as an important biosensor. It is not only due to the conservation of genetics, amenable modification of its genome and easily accessible analytical methods, but also some characteristic features such as its ability to survive with defective mitochondria, making it a highly flexible microbe for designing whole-cell biosensing systems. The aim of this review is to report on how yeasts have been utilized as biosensors, reporting on responses to various stimuli.
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15
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Gholami L, Nazer N, Hussen BM, Sayad A, Hajiesmaeili M. Downregulation of oxytocin-related genes in periodontitis. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:950919. [PMID: 36090248 PMCID: PMC9448980 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.950919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common oral disorder leading to tooth loss in both developed and developing regions of the world. This multifactorial condition is related to the abnormal activity of several molecular pathways, among them are oxytocin-related pathways. In this study, we enrolled 26 patients and 28 controls and assessed the expression of four oxytocin-related genes, namely, FOS, ITPR, RCAN1, and RGS2, in circulation and affected tissues of enrolled individuals using real-time PCR. Expression of FOS was downregulated in total periodontitis tissues compared with total control tissues [ratio of mean expression (RME) = 0.23, P-value = 0.03]. Expression of FOS was also lower in total blood samples of patients compared with total controls. Expression of ITPR was downregulated in total periodontitis tissues compared with total control tissues (RME = 0.16, P-value = 0.01). Moreover, the expression of ITPR was reduced in total blood samples of patients compared with controls (RME = 0.25, P-value = 0.03). Expression of RCAN1 was downregulated in total periodontitis tissues compared with total control tissues (RME = 0.17, P-value = 0.01). However, the expression of RCAN1 was not different in blood samples of affected vs. unaffected individuals. Finally, the expression of RGS2 was lower in total periodontitis tissues compared with total control tissues (RME = 0.24, P-value = 0.01) and in total blood samples of affected individuals compared with controls (RME = 0.42, P-value = 0.05). This study provides data about the association between expressions of oxytocin-related genes and the presence of periodontitis. Future studies are needed to unravel the mechanistic links and find the correlation between expressions of these genes and the pathological stage of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Gholami
- Department of Periodontics, Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Naghme Nazer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
- Center of Research and Strategic Studies, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Arezou Sayad
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute for Dental Sciences, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Arezou Sayad,
| | - Mohammadreza Hajiesmaeili
- Critical Care Quality Improvement Research Center, Loghman Hakin Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Mohammadreza Hajiesmaeili,
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16
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Kalinkovich A, Becker M, Livshits G. New Horizons in the Treatment of Age-Associated Obesity, Sarcopenia and Osteoporosis. Drugs Aging 2022; 39:673-683. [PMID: 35781216 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-022-00960-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The rapid increase in both the lifespan and proportion of older adults in developed countries is accompanied by the dramatic growth of age-associated chronic diseases, including obesity, sarcopenia, and osteoporosis. Hence, prevention and treatment of age-associated chronic diseases has become increasingly urgent. The key to achieving this goal is a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying their pathophysiology, some aspects of which, despite extensive investigation, are still not fully understood. Aging, obesity, sarcopenia, and osteoporosis are characterized by the creation of a systemic, chronic, low-grade inflammation (SCLGI). The common mechanisms that govern the development of these chronic conditions include a failed resolution of inflammation. Physiologically, the process of inflammation resolution is provided mainly by specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) acting via cognate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Noteworthy, SPM levels and the expression of their receptors are significantly reduced in aging and the associated chronic disorders. In preclinical studies, supplementation of SPMs or their stable, small-molecule SPM mimetics and receptor agonists reveals clear beneficial effects in inflammation-related obesity and sarcopenic and osteoporotic conditions, suggesting a translational potential. Age-associated chronic disorders are also characterized by gut dysbiosis and the accumulation of senescent cells in the adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and bones. Based on these findings, we propose SCLGI resolution as a novel strategy for the prevention/treatment of age-associated obesity, sarcopenia, and osteoporosis. Our approach entails the enhancement of inflammation resolution by SPM mimetics and receptor agonists in concert with probiotics/prebiotics and compounds that eliminate senescent cells and their pro-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kalinkovich
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, 6905126, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Maria Becker
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, 4077625, Ariel, Israel
| | - Gregory Livshits
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, 6905126, Tel-Aviv, Israel. .,Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, 4077625, Ariel, Israel.
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17
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Hidaka S, Mouri Y, Akiyama M, Miyasaka N, Nakahama KI. GPR110, a receptor for synaptamide, expressed in osteoclasts negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 182:102457. [PMID: 35690003 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bone remodeling is precisely regulated mainly by osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Although some G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) were reported to play roles in osteoblast function, little is known about the roles in osteoclasts. In this study, we found, for the first time, that the expression of GPR110 increased during osteoclastogenesis. GPR110 belongs to adhesion GPCR and was the functional receptor of N-docosahexaenoyl ethanolamine (also called synaptamide). Synaptamide suppressed osteoclastogenesis induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand. Considering that synaptamide is the endogenous metabolite of DHA, we hypothesized that DHA may inhibit osteoclastogenesis by affecting synaptamide/GPR110 signaling. But GPR110 knockout and subsequent rescue experiments revealed a pivotal role of GPR110 in the attenuation of osteoclastogenesis by synaptamide but not by DHA. These results suggest that synaptamide/GPR110 signaling negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis. Our study suggested that ligands of GPR110, such as synaptamide, might be a useful drug for osteoporotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Hidaka
- Department of Cellular Physiological Chemistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yuki Mouri
- Department of Cellular Physiological Chemistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Masako Akiyama
- Research Administration Division, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Miyasaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Nakahama
- Department of Cellular Physiological Chemistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
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18
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Köck Z, Ermel U, Martin J, Morgner N, Achilleas Frangakis S, Dötsch V, Hilger D, Bernhard F. Biochemical characterization of cell-free synthesized human β 1 adrenergic receptor cotranslationally inserted into nanodiscs. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167687. [PMID: 35717996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cell-free expression enables direct cotranslational insertion of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and other membrane proteins into the defined membrane environments of nanodiscs. This technique avoids GPCR contacts with detergents and allows rapid identification of lipid effects on GPCR function as well as fast screening of receptor derivatives. Critical steps of conventional GPCR preparation from cellular membranes followed by detergent-based reconstitution into nanodisc membranes are thus eliminated. We report the efficient cotranslational insertion of full-length human β1-adrenergic receptor and of a truncated derivative into preformed nanodisc membranes. Their biochemical characterization revealed significant differences in lipid requirements, dimer formation and ligand binding activity. The truncated receptor showed a higher affinity to most tested ligands, in particular in presence of choline-containing lipids. However, introducing the naturally occurring G389R polymorphism in the full-length receptor resulted into an increased affinity to the antagonists alprenolol and carvedilol. Receptor quality was generally improved by coexpression with the agonist isoproterenol and the percentage of the ligand binding active fraction was twofold increased. Specific coupling of full-length and truncated human receptors in nanodisc membranes to Mini-Gαs protein as well as to purified Gs heterotrimer could be demonstrated and homogeneity of purified GPCR/Gs protein complexes in nanodiscs was demonstrated by negative stain single particle analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Köck
- Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt/Main
| | - Utz Ermel
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute for Biophysics, Goethe University of Frankfurt/Main
| | - Janosch Martin
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University of Frankfurt/Main
| | - Nina Morgner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University of Frankfurt/Main
| | - S Achilleas Frangakis
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute for Biophysics, Goethe University of Frankfurt/Main
| | - Volker Dötsch
- Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt/Main
| | - Daniel Hilger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg
| | - Frank Bernhard
- Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt/Main.
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19
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Yang X, Liang X, Guo H, Ma L, Jian L, Zhao X, Wang J, Yang L, Meng Z, Jin Q. β2-Adrenergic receptor expression in subchondral bone of patients with varus knee osteoarthritis. Open Med (Wars) 2022; 17:1031-1044. [PMID: 35794997 PMCID: PMC9175016 DOI: 10.1515/med-2022-0498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
An important causative factor in osteoarthritis (OA) is the abnormal mechanical stress-induced bone remodeling of the subchondral bone. β2-adrenergic receptor (Adrb2) plays a major role in mechanical stresses that induce bone remodeling. The medial tibial plateau (MTP) and lateral tibial plateau (LTP) of patients with varus Knee osteoarthritis (KO) bear different mechanical stresses. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of Adrb2 in medial tibial plateau subchondral bone (MTPSB) and lateral tibial plateau subchondral bone (LTPSB) in patients with varus KO. A total of 30 tibial plateau samples from patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty for varus KO and MTPSB and LTPSB were studied. Statistical analysis was performed using paired sample t-tests. Safranin O-Fast Green staining and Micro-computed tomography showed significant differences in the bone structure between MTPSB and LTPSB. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cell density in MTPSB was higher than that in LTPSB. Immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analysis revealed that compared to LTPSB, the levels of Adrb2, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and osteocalcin increased significantly in MTPSB. Double-labeling immunofluorescence showed Adrb2 was present in the majority of TRAP-positive multinuclear cells of the MTPSB. The expression of Adrb2 and TH was significantly higher in MTPSB than in LTPSB, confirming the involvement of these molecules in the development of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Yang
- Department of Orthopedics Ward 3, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , 750004, Ningxia , China
| | - Xuegang Liang
- Department of The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , 750004, Ningxia , China
| | - Haohui Guo
- Department of Orthopedics Ward 3, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , 750004, Ningxia , China
| | - Long Ma
- Department of Orthopedics Ward 3, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , 750004, Ningxia , China
| | - Li Jian
- Department of Pathology, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , 750004, Ningxia , China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics Ward 3, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , 750004, Ningxia , China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Orthopedics Ward 3, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , 750004, Ningxia , China
| | - Lvlin Yang
- Department of The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , 750004, Ningxia , China
| | - Zhiqiang Meng
- Department of The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , 750004, Ningxia , China
| | - Qunhua Jin
- Department of Orthopedics Ward 3, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , 750004, Ningxia , China
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20
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Zhao Y, Shao G, Liu X, Li Z. Assessment of the Therapeutic Potential of Melatonin for the Treatment of Osteoporosis Through a Narrative Review of Its Signaling and Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:866625. [PMID: 35645810 PMCID: PMC9130700 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.866625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a bioamine produced primarily in the pineal gland, although peripheral sites, including the gut, may also be its minor source. Melatonin regulates various functions, including circadian rhythm, reproduction, temperature regulation, immune system, cardiovascular system, energy metabolism, and bone metabolism. Studies on cultured bone cells, preclinical disease models of bone loss, and clinical trials suggest favorable modulation of bone metabolism by melatonin. This narrative review gives a comprehensive account of the current understanding of melatonin at the cell/molecular to the systems levels. Melatonin predominantly acts through its cognate receptors, of which melatonin receptor 2 (MT2R) is expressed in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), osteoblasts (bone-forming), and osteoclasts (bone-resorbing). Melatonin favors the osteoblastic fate of MSCs, stimulates osteoblast survival and differentiation, and inhibits osteoclastogenic differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells. Produced from osteoblastic cells, osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) critically regulate osteoclastogenesis and melatonin by suppressing the osteoclastogenic RANKL, and upregulating the anti-osteoclastogenic OPG exerts a strong anti-resorptive effect. Although the anti-inflammatory role of melatonin favors osteogenic function and antagonizes the osteoclastogenic function with the participation of SIRT signaling, various miRNAs also mediate the effects of the hormone on bone cells. In rodent models of osteoporosis, melatonin has been unequivocally shown to have an anti-osteoporotic effect. Several clinical trials indicate the bone mass conserving effect of melatonin in aging/postmenopausal osteoporosis. This review aims to determine the possibility of melatonin as a novel class of anti-osteoporosis therapy through the critical assessment of the available literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guoxi Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xingang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhengwei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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21
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Taylor EL, Weaver SR, Lorang IM, Arnold KM, Bradley EW, Marron Fernandez de Velasco E, Wickman K, Westendorf JJ. GIRK3 deletion facilitates kappa opioid signaling in chondrocytes, delays vascularization and promotes bone lengthening in mice. Bone 2022; 159:116391. [PMID: 35314385 PMCID: PMC9035100 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Long bones are formed and repaired through the process of endochondral ossification. Activation of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathways is crucial for skeletal development and long bone growth. G protein-gated inwardly-rectifying K+ (GIRK) channel genes are key functional components and effectors of GPCR signaling pathways in excitable cells of the heart and brain, but their roles in non-excitable cells that directly contribute to endochondral bone formation have not been studied. In this study, we analyzed skeletal phenotypes of Girk2-/-, Girk3-/- and Girk2/3-/- mice. Bones from 12-week-old Girk2-/- mice were normal in length, but femurs and tibiae from Girk3-/- and Girk2/3-/- mice were longer than age-matched controls at 12-weeks-old. Epiphyseal chondrocytes from 5-day-old Girk3-/- mice expressed higher levels of genes involved in collagen chain trimerization and collagen fibril assembly, lower levels of genes encoding VEGF receptors, and produced larger micromasses than wildtype chondrocytes in vitro. Girk3-/- chondrocytes were also more responsive to the kappa opioid receptor (KOR) ligand dynorphin, as evidenced by greater pCREB expression, greater cAMP and GAG production, and upregulation of Col2a1 and Sox9 transcripts. Imaging studies showed that Kdr (Vegfr2) and endomucin expression was dramatically reduced in bones from young Girk3-/- mice, supporting a role for delayed vasculogenesis and extended postnatal endochondral bone growth. Together these data indicate that GIRK3 controls several processes involved in bone lengthening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Earnest L Taylor
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America; Department of Cell Biology, University of North Carolina, NC, United States of America
| | - Samantha R Weaver
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Ian M Lorang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America; University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Katherine M Arnold
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth W Bradley
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | | | - Kevin Wickman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Jennifer J Westendorf
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
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22
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Checkpoints and Immunity in Cancers: Role of GNG12. Pharmacol Res 2022; 180:106242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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23
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Tan M, Gao S, Ru X, He M, Zhao J, Zheng L. Prediction and Identification of GPCRs Targeting for Drug Repurposing in Osteosarcoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:828849. [PMID: 35463319 PMCID: PMC9021700 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.828849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant bone tumor common in children and adolescents. The 5-year survival rate is only 67-69% and there is an urgent need to explore novel drugs effective for the OS. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the common drug targets and have been found to be associated with the OS, but have been seldom used in OS. Methods The GPCRs were obtained from GPCRdb, and the GPCRs expression profile of the OS was downloaded from the UCSC Xena platform including clinical data. 10-GPCRs model signatures related to OS risk were identified by risk model analysis with R software. The predictive ability and pathological association of the signatures in OS were explored by bio-informatics analysis. The therapeutic effect of the target was investigated, followed by the investigation of the targeting drug by the colony formation experiment were. Results We screened out 10 representative GPCRs from 50 GPCRs related to OS risk and established a 10-GPCRs prognostic model (with CCR4, HCRTR2, DRD2, HTR1A, GPR158, and GPR3 as protective factors, and HTR1E, OPN3, GRM4, and GPR144 as risk factors). We found that the low-risk group of the model was significantly associated with the higher survival probability, with the area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC greater than 0.9, conforming with the model. Moreover, both risk-score and metastasis were the independent risk factor of the OS, and the risk score was positively associated with the metastatic. Importantly, the CD8 T-cells were more aggregated in the low-risk group, in line with the predict survival rate of the model. Finally, we found that DRD2 was a novel target with approved drugs (cabergoline and bromocriptine), and preliminarily proved the therapeutic effects of the drugs on OS. These novel findings might facilitate the development of OS drugs. Conclusion This study offers a satisfactory 10-GPCRs model signature to predict the OS prognostic, and based on the model signature, candidate targets with approved drugs were provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manli Tan
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shangzhi Gao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Biological Resources Development and Application of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiao Ru
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Biological Resources Development and Application of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Maolin He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Biological Resources Development and Application of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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24
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Bevacizumab attenuates osteosarcoma angiogenesis by suppressing MIAT encapsulated by serum-derived extracellular vesicles and facilitating miR-613-mediated GPR158 inhibition. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:272. [PMID: 35347106 PMCID: PMC8960875 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04620-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Targeting angiogenesis has been considered a promising treatment for a large number of malignancies, including osteosarcoma. Bevacizumab (Bev) is an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor being used for this purpose. We herein investigate the therapeutic potential of Bev in angiogenesis during osteosarcoma and the related mechanisms. Bioinformatics were performed for identification of osteosarcoma-related microarray dataset to collect related lncRNA and miRNA, with MIAT and miR-613 obtained. The predicted binding site between miR-613 and GPR158 3'UTR region was further confirmed by luciferase assay. Then, their effects combined with treatment with Bev on osteosarcoma cells were explored by the gain- and loss-of-function. After extraction from osteosarcoma patients' serum (serum-EVs) and identification, EVs were co-cultured with osteosarcoma cells, the biological behaviors of which were detected by CCK-8 assay and microtubule formation in vitro. A mouse tumor xenograft model was used to determine the effect of Bev on tumor angiogenesis in vivo. Bev inhibited osteosarcoma cell proliferation and angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro. Besides, serum-EVs could transfer MIAT (EV-MIAT) into osteosarcoma cells, where it is competitively bound to miR-613 to elevate GPR158, thus promoting osteosarcoma cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Furthermore, Bev arrested osteosarcoma cell proliferation and angiogenesis by inhibiting EV-MIAT and inducing miR-613-mediated GPR158 inhibition. In conclusion, the Bev-mediated MIAT/miR-613/GPR158 regulatory feedback revealed a new molecular mechanism in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma angiogenesis.
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25
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Chan WC, Tan L, Liu J, Yang Q, Wang J, Wang M, Yue Y, Hao L, Man Y. Inhibition of Rgs10 aggravates periodontitis with collagen-induced arthritis via the NF-κB pathway. Oral Dis 2022; 29:1802-1811. [PMID: 35122384 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role of the Rgs10-associated nuclear factor (NF)-κB signalling pathway in periodontitis with rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS Porphyromonas gingivalis and collagen were locally applied to mice to establish in vivo periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis models, respectively. Both agents were administered together to establish the comorbid group. All models were treated with adeno-associated virus-green fluorescent protein (AAV-GFP) or adeno-associated virus small hairpin Rgs10 (AAV-sh-Rgs10). In vivo expression of Rgs10 and inflammatory cytokines was analysed, along with exploration of the NF-κB signalling pathway in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse-derived RAW264.7 cells, with and without treatment of small interfering RNA (siRNA; Rgs10-Mus-MSS245072). RESULTS In the comorbidity mouse group (mice with both periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis), inhibition of Rgs10 exacerbated periodontitis, along with upregulation of phospho-RelA (pP65), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression in the NF-κB signalling pathway. Similarly, treatment of LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells with siRNA resulted in the inhibition of Rgs10, along with upregulation of pP65, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression in vitro. CONCLUSION Inhibition of Rgs10 in mice with periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis can promote the progression of periodontitis, indicating the potential therapeutic role of Rgs10 in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Cheng Chan
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangyu Tan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yue
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Hao
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Man
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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26
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Kwon EJ, Kim HJ, Woo BH, Joo JY, Kim YH, Park HR. Profiling of plasma-derived exosomal RNA expression in patients with periodontitis: a pilot study. Oral Dis 2022; 29:1726-1737. [PMID: 35119164 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to profile differentially expressed (DE) exosomal RNAs in healthy subjects and periodontitis patients and compare their levels before and after treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plasma samples from healthy subjects and patients with periodontitis (pre-/post-periodontal treatment) were collected for this case-control study. After isolation of exosomes from the plasma, the RNA was extracted and small RNA sequencing was performed (3 healthy samples, 4 pre-treatment samples, and 5 post-treatment samples). Two-way analyses were conducted according to the treatment status in the periodontitis group, unpaired analysis (grouping as pre-/post-treatment) and paired analysis (matching pre- and post-treatment in the same subject). The DE exosomal RNAs were screened by sequencing and visualized using the R software. Gene Ontology analysis was performed, and target genes were identified. RESULTS In both paired and unpaired analyses, two DE microRNAs (DEmiRs; miR-1304-3p and miR-200c-3p) and two DE small nucleolar RNAs (DEsnoRs; SNORD57 and SNODB1771) were common, and they were found to be downregulated during periodontitis and recovered to healthy levels after treatment. The top three target genes (NR3C1, GPR158, and CNN3) commonly regulated by DEmiRs were identified. CONCLUSIONS Plasma-derived exosomal miRs (miR-1304-3p and miR-200c-3p) and snoRs (SNORD57 and SNODB1771) could be valuable biomarkers for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Kwon
- Interdisciplinary Program of Genomic Science, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, School of Dentistry, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bok Hee Woo
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Periodontal Disease Signaling Network Research Center, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Joo
- Department of Periodontology, Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, School of Dentistry, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hak Kim
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Ryoun Park
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Periodontal Disease Signaling Network Research Center, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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27
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Khedgikar V, Charles JF, Lehoczky JA. Mouse LGR6 regulates osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo through differential ligand use. Bone 2022; 155:116267. [PMID: 34856421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat containing G-protein-coupled receptor 6 (LGR6) is a marker of osteoprogenitor cells and is dynamically expressed during in vitro osteodifferentation of mouse and human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). While the Lgr6 genomic locus has been associated with osteoporosis in human cohorts, the precise molecular function of LGR6 in osteogenesis and maintenance of bone mass are not yet known. In this study, we performed in vitro Lgr6 knockdown and overexpression experiments in murine osteoblastic cells and find decreased Lgr6 levels results in reduced osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization. Consistent with these data, overexpression of Lgr6 in these cells leads to significantly increased proliferation and osteodifferentiation. To determine whether these findings are recapitulated in vivo, we performed microCT and ex vivo osteodifferentiation analyses using our newly generated CRISPR-Cas9 mediated Lgr6 mouse knockout allele (Lgr6-KO). We find that ex vivo osteodifferentiation of Lgr6-KO primary MSCs is significantly reduced, and 8 week-old Lgr6-KO mice have less trabecular bone mass as compared to Lgr6 wildtype controls, indicating that Lgr6 is necessary for normal osteogenesis and bone mass. Towards mechanism, we analyzed in vitro signaling in the context of two LGR6 ligands, RSPO2 and MaR1. We find that RSPO2 stimulates LGR6-mediated WNT/β-catenin signaling whereas MaR1 stimulates LGR6-mediated cAMP activity, suggesting two ligand-dependent functions for LGR6 receptor signaling during osteogenesis. Collectively, this study reveals that Lgr6 is necessary for wildtype levels of proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, and achieving normal bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Khedgikar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Julia F Charles
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jessica A Lehoczky
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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28
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Krishna Deepak RNV, Verma RK, Hartono YD, Yew WS, Fan H. Recent Advances in Structure, Function, and Pharmacology of Class A Lipid GPCRs: Opportunities and Challenges for Drug Discovery. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 15:12. [PMID: 35056070 PMCID: PMC8779880 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Great progress has been made over the past decade in understanding the structural, functional, and pharmacological diversity of lipid GPCRs. From the first determination of the crystal structure of bovine rhodopsin in 2000, much progress has been made in the field of GPCR structural biology. The extraordinary progress in structural biology and pharmacology of GPCRs, coupled with rapid advances in computational approaches to study receptor dynamics and receptor-ligand interactions, has broadened our comprehension of the structural and functional facets of the receptor family members and has helped usher in a modern age of structure-based drug design and development. First, we provide a primer on lipid mediators and lipid GPCRs and their role in physiology and diseases as well as their value as drug targets. Second, we summarize the current advancements in the understanding of structural features of lipid GPCRs, such as the structural variation of their extracellular domains, diversity of their orthosteric and allosteric ligand binding sites, and molecular mechanisms of ligand binding. Third, we close by collating the emerging paradigms and opportunities in targeting lipid GPCRs, including a brief discussion on current strategies, challenges, and the future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. N. V. Krishna Deepak
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix #07-01, Singapore 138671, Singapore; (R.K.V.); (Y.D.H.)
| | - Ravi Kumar Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix #07-01, Singapore 138671, Singapore; (R.K.V.); (Y.D.H.)
| | - Yossa Dwi Hartono
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix #07-01, Singapore 138671, Singapore; (R.K.V.); (Y.D.H.)
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore;
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Wen Shan Yew
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore;
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Hao Fan
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix #07-01, Singapore 138671, Singapore; (R.K.V.); (Y.D.H.)
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore;
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29
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Ge Y, Zhou C, Xiao X, Jin Z, Zhou L, Chen Z, Liu F, Yuan Q, Zhang G, Shan L, Tong P. A Novel Mutation of the KLK6 Gene in a Family With Knee Osteoarthritis. Front Genet 2021; 12:784176. [PMID: 34858488 PMCID: PMC8631809 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.784176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the correlation between gene mutation and knee osteoarthritis (KOA), a whole-exome sequencing (WES) was applied to analyze blood samples of four KOA patients and two normal subjects in a family. Gene mutations were identified by gene-trapping and high-throughput sequencing analysis across the differences between the patients and normal subjects. The interactive gene network analysis on the retrieval of interacting genes (STRING) database and the KOA-related genes expression data sets was performed. A possibly detrimental and nonsynonymous mutation at the kallikrein-related peptidase 6 (KLK6) gene (rs201586262, c. C80A, P27H) was identified and attracted our attention. KLK6 belongs to the kallikrein family of serine proteases and its serum level is known as a prevalent biomarker in inflammatory and malignant diseases. KLK6 expresses in the extracellular compartment for matrix degradation, highlighting that KLK6 plays a role in the pathogenesis of KOA. By using the gene databases, the KOA-related genes were mined after de-duplication and IL6 was selected as the most relevant gene through interactive analysis of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The data suggested that KLK6 gene mutation and the related expression alteration of IL6 gene might determine the occurrence of hereditary KOA. The is the first study discovering the gene mutation of KLK6 as a factor of pathogenesis of KOA, especially the hereditary KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhi Ge
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenfen Zhou
- National Genomics Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Bio-Med Big Data Center, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiujuan Xiao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhijiang Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 9th People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuxiang Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fucun Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Yuan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- National Genomics Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Bio-Med Big Data Center, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Letian Shan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peijian Tong
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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30
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Study of selected genes of Wnt signaling pathway in relation to the parameters in the bone tissue of the laying hens. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 29:2526-2531. [PMID: 35531234 PMCID: PMC9072936 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway plays a critical role in almost all aspects of skeletal development and homeostasis. Many studies suggest the importance of this signaling pathway in connection with bone metabolism through many skeletal disorders caused by mutations in Wnt signaling genes. The knowledge gained through targeting this pathway is of great value for skeletal health and diseases, for example of increased bone mass in the case of osteoporosis. Our objective was to focus on the detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms and investigate the associations between possible polymorphisms in selected genes that are part of those signaling pathways and parameters of bones in hens of ISA Brown hybrids (bone breaking strength, length, width, and bone mass). Different regions of the GPR177, ESR1 and RUNX2 genes were studied, using PCR and sequencing, in a total of forty-eight samples for each marker. Thirteen polymorphisms have been discovered in selected regions of studied genes, whereas these polymorphisms were only within the GPR177 gene. Eight of these polymorphisms were synonymous and five were in the intron. The tested regions of the ESR1 and RUNX2 genes were monomorphic. The only statistically significant difference was found within the GPR177 gene (exon 2) and the bone length parameter, in the c.443 + 86G > A polymorphism. However, this polymorphism was found in the intron, and no other one was found within the selected regions to show associations with the observed bone parameters.
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31
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Wen ZQ, Liu D, Zhang Y, Cai ZJ, Xiao WF, Li YS. G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Osteoarthritis: A Novel Perspective on Pathogenesis and Treatment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:758220. [PMID: 34746150 PMCID: PMC8564363 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.758220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are transmembrane receptor proteins that trigger numerous intracellular signaling pathways in response to the extracellular stimuli. The GPCRs superfamily contains enormous structural and functional diversity and mediates extensive biological processes. Until now, critical roles have been established in many diseases, including osteoarthritis (OA). Existing studies have shown that GPCRs play an important role in some OA-related pathogenesis, such as cartilage matrix degradation, synovitis, subchondral bone remodeling, and osteophyte formation. However, current pharmacological treatments are mostly symptomatic and there is a paucity of disease-modifying OA drugs so far. Targeting GPCRs is capable of inhibiting cartilage matrix degradation and synovitis and up-regulating cartilage matrix synthesis, providing a new therapeutic strategy for OA. In this review, we have comprehensively summarized the structures, biofunctions, and the novel roles of GPCRs in the pathogenesis and treatment of OA, which is expected to lay the foundation for the development of novel therapeutics against OA. Even though targeting GPCRs may ameliorate OA progression, many GPCRs-related therapeutic strategies are still in the pre-clinical stage and require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Qin Wen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zi-Jun Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Feng Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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32
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Rimal R, Desai P, Marquez AB, Sieg K, Marquardt Y, Singh S. 3-D vascularized breast cancer model to study the role of osteoblast in formation of a pre-metastatic niche. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21966. [PMID: 34754042 PMCID: PMC8578551 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01513-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer cells (BCCs) preferentially metastasize to bone. It is known that BCCs remotely primes the distant bone site prior to metastasis. However, the reciprocal influence of bone cells on the primary tumor is relatively overlooked. Here, to study the bone-tumor paracrine influence, a tri-cellular 3-D vascularized breast cancer tissue (VBCTs) model is engineered which comprised MDA-MB231, a triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBC), fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. This is indirectly co-cultured with osteoblasts (OBs), thereby constituting a complex quad-cellular tumor progression model. VBCTs alone and in conjunction with OBs led to abnormal vasculature and reduced vessel density but enhanced VEGF production. A total of 1476 significantly upregulated and 775 downregulated genes are identified in the VBCTs exposed to OBs. HSP90N, CYCS, RPS27A, and EGFR are recognized as upregulated hub-genes. Kaplan Meier plot shows HSP90N to have a significant outcome in TNBC patient survivability. Furthermore, compared to cancer tissues without vessels, gene analysis recognized 1278 significantly upregulated and 566 downregulated genes in VBCTs. DKK1, CXCL13, C3 protein and BMP4 are identified to be downregulated hub genes in VBCTs. Together, a multi-cellular breast cancer model and culture protocols are established to study pre-metastatic events in the presence of OBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Rimal
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forkenbeckstrasse 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Prachi Desai
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forkenbeckstrasse 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrea Bonnin Marquez
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forkenbeckstrasse 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karina Sieg
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forkenbeckstrasse 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yvonne Marquardt
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Smriti Singh
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forkenbeckstrasse 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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33
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Yuan J, Yuan Z, Ye A, Wu T, Jia J, Guo J, Zhang J, Li T, Cheng X. Low GNG12 Expression Predicts Adverse Outcomes: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Osteosarcoma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:758845. [PMID: 34691083 PMCID: PMC8527884 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.758845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background G protein subunit gamma 12 (GNG12) is observed in some types of cancer, but its role in osteosarcoma is unknown. This study hypothesized that GNG12 may be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target. We aimed to identify an association between GNG12 and osteosarcoma based on the Gene Expression Omnibus and the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) databases. Methods Osteosarcoma samples in GSE42352 and TARGET database were selected as the test cohorts. As the external validation cohort, 78 osteosarcoma specimens from The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University were collected. Patients with osteosarcoma were divided into high and low GNG12 mRNA-expression groups; differentially expressed genes were identified as GNG12-related genes. The biological function of GNG12 was annotated using Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, gene set enrichment analysis, and immune infiltration analysis. Gene expression correlation analysis and competing endogenous RNA regulatory network construction were used to determine potential biological regulatory relationships of GNG12. Overall survival, Kaplan–Meier analysis, and log-rank tests were calculated to determine GNG12 reliability in predicting survival prognosis. Results GNG12 expression decreased in osteosarcoma samples. GNG12 was a highly effective biomarker for osteosarcoma [area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) = 0.920], and the results of our Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated that overall survival and progression-free survival differed significantly between low and high GNG-expression group (p < 0.05). Functional analyses indicated that GNG12 may promote osteosarcoma through regulating the endoplasmic reticulum. Expression correlation analysis and competing endogenous RNA network construction showed that HOTTIP/miR-27a-3p may regulate GNG12 expression. Furthermore, the subunit suppresses adaptive immunity via inhibiting M1 and M2 macrophage infiltration. GNG12 was inhibited in metastatic osteosarcoma compared with non-metastatic osteosarcoma, and its expression predicted survival of patients (1, 3, and 5-year AUCs were 0.961, 0.826, and 0.808, respectively). Conclusion This study identified GNG12 as a potential biomarker for osteosarcoma prognosis, highlighting its potential as an immunotherapy target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghong Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhao Yuan
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Aifang Ye
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Tianlong Wu
- Institute of Orthopaedics of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Jingyu Jia
- Institute of Minimally Invasive Orthopaedics of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xigao Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Orthopaedics of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Minimally Invasive Orthopaedics of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Kinsella GK, Cannito S, Bordano V, Stephens JC, Rosa AC, Miglio G, Guaschino V, Iannaccone V, Findlay JBC, Benetti E. GPR21 Inhibition Increases Glucose-Uptake in HepG2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910784. [PMID: 34639123 PMCID: PMC8509304 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
GPR21 is a constitutively active, orphan, G-protein-coupled receptor, with in vivo studies suggesting its involvement in the modulation of insulin sensitivity. However, its precise contribution is not fully understood. As the liver is both a major target of insulin signalling and critically involved in glucose metabolism, the aim of this study was to examine the role of GPR21 in the regulation of glucose uptake and production in human hepatocytes. In particular, HepG2 cells, which express GPR21, were adopted as cellular models. Compared with untreated cells, a significant increase in glucose uptake was measured in cells treated with siRNA to downregulate GPR21 expression or with the GPR21-inverse agonist, GRA2. Consistently, a significantly higher membrane translocation of GLUT-2 was measured under these conditions. These effects were accompanied by an increased ratio of phAKT(Ser473)/tot-AKT and phGSK-3β(Ser9)/tot-GSK-3β, thus indicating a marked activation of the insulin signalling pathway. Moreover, a significant reduction in ERK activation was observed with GPR21 inhibition. Collectively, these results indicate that GPR21 mediates the negative effects on glucose uptake by the liver cells. In addition, they suggest that the pharmacological inhibition of GPR21 could be a novel strategy to improve glucose homeostasis and counteract hepatic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma K. Kinsella
- School of Food Sciences and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, D07 ADY7 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Stefania Cannito
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy;
| | - Valentina Bordano
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (V.B.); (A.C.R.); (G.M.); (V.G.); (V.I.)
| | - John C. Stephens
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland;
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Arianna C. Rosa
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (V.B.); (A.C.R.); (G.M.); (V.G.); (V.I.)
| | - Gianluca Miglio
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (V.B.); (A.C.R.); (G.M.); (V.G.); (V.I.)
| | - Valeria Guaschino
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (V.B.); (A.C.R.); (G.M.); (V.G.); (V.I.)
| | - Valeria Iannaccone
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (V.B.); (A.C.R.); (G.M.); (V.G.); (V.I.)
| | - John B. C. Findlay
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland;
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, UK
| | - Elisa Benetti
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (V.B.); (A.C.R.); (G.M.); (V.G.); (V.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0116707137
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Ichimura A. Elucidation of the Physiological Functions of Membrane Proteins as Novel Drug Target Candidate Molecules. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1167-1173. [PMID: 34471043 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
For pharmaceutical research focused on identifying novel drug target candidate molecules, it is essential to explore unknown biological phenomena, elucidate underlying molecular mechanisms and regulate biological processes based on these findings. Proteins expressed on the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane play important roles in linking extracellular environmental information to intracellular processes. Stimulating membranous proteins induces various kinds of changes in cells, such as alterations in gene expression levels and enzymatic activities. However, the physiological functions and endogenous ligands of many G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have not been determined, although GPCRs already constitute a large class of drug-target membrane proteins. Furthermore, the precise physiological roles played by many ER membrane proteins have not been elucidated to date. In this review article, I summarize the results of our recent studies, including the observations that the lipid sensor FFAR4/GPR120 controlled systemic energy homeostasis and that the ER membrane monovalent cation channel trimeric intracellular cation (TRIC)-B and the plasma membrane divalent cation channel transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) regulated bone formation. I further describe the therapeutic significance of these membranous protein-related biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiko Ichimura
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
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36
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Kalinkovich A, Livshits G. Biased and allosteric modulation of bone cell-expressing G protein-coupled receptors as a novel approach to osteoporosis therapy. Pharmacol Res 2021; 171:105794. [PMID: 34329703 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
On the cellular level, osteoporosis (OP) is a result of imbalanced bone remodeling, in which osteoclastic bone resorption outcompetes osteoblastic bone formation. Currently available OP medications include both antiresorptive and bone-forming drugs. However, their long-term use in OP patients, mainly in postmenopausal women, is accompanied by severe side effects. Notably, the fundamental coupling between bone resorption and formation processes underlies the existence of an undesirable secondary outcome that bone anabolic or anti-resorptive drugs also reduce bone formation. This drawback requires the development of anti-OP drugs capable of selectively stimulating osteoblastogenesis and concomitantly reducing osteoclastogenesis. We propose that the application of small synthetic biased and allosteric modulators of bone cell receptors, which belong to the G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) family, could be the key to resolving the undesired anti-OP drug selectivity. This approach is based on the capacity of these GPCR modulators, unlike the natural ligands, to trigger signaling pathways that promote beneficial effects on bone remodeling while blocking potentially deleterious effects. Under the settings of OP, an optimal anti-OP drug should provide fine-tuned regulation of downstream effects, for example, intermittent cyclic AMP (cAMP) elevation, preservation of Ca2+ balance, stimulation of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and estrogen production, suppression of sclerostin secretion, and/or preserved/enhanced canonical β-catenin/Wnt signaling pathway. As such, selective modulation of GPCRs involved in bone remodeling presents a promising approach in OP treatment. This review focuses on the evidence for the validity of our hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kalinkovich
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6905126, Israel
| | - Gregory Livshits
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6905126, Israel; Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 4077625, Israel.
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Li S, Luo H, Lou R, Tian C, Miao C, Xia L, Pan C, Duan X, Dang T, Li H, Fan C, Tang P, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Li Y, Xu F, Zhang Y, Zhong G, Hu J, Shui W. Multiregional profiling of the brain transmembrane proteome uncovers novel regulators of depression. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabf0634. [PMID: 34290087 PMCID: PMC8294761 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf0634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Transmembrane proteins play vital roles in mediating synaptic transmission, plasticity, and homeostasis in the brain. However, these proteins, especially the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), are underrepresented in most large-scale proteomic surveys. Here, we present a new proteomic approach aided by deep learning models for comprehensive profiling of transmembrane protein families in multiple mouse brain regions. Our multiregional proteome profiling highlights the considerable discrepancy between messenger RNA and protein distribution, especially for region-enriched GPCRs, and predicts an endogenous GPCR interaction network in the brain. Furthermore, our new approach reveals the transmembrane proteome remodeling landscape in the brain of a mouse depression model, which led to the identification of two previously unknown GPCR regulators of depressive-like behaviors. Our study provides an enabling technology and rich data resource to expand the understanding of transmembrane proteome organization and dynamics in the brain and accelerate the discovery of potential therapeutic targets for depression treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Huoqing Luo
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ronghui Lou
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cuiping Tian
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chen Miao
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Lisha Xia
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chen Pan
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Duan
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ting Dang
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Li
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chengyu Fan
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Pan Tang
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Zhang
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Liu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Fei Xu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yaoyang Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Guisheng Zhong
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ji Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wenqing Shui
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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Kwon Y, Park C, Lee J, Park DH, Jeong S, Yun CH, Park OJ, Han SH. Regulation of Bone Cell Differentiation and Activation by Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115805. [PMID: 34071605 PMCID: PMC8197933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota has emerged as an important regulator of bone homeostasis. In particular, the modulation of innate immunity and bone homeostasis is mediated through the interaction between microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and the host pattern recognition receptors including Toll-like receptors and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domains. Pathogenic bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Staphylococcus aureus tend to induce bone destruction and cause various inflammatory bone diseases including periodontal diseases, osteomyelitis, and septic arthritis. On the other hand, probiotic bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species can prevent bone loss. In addition, bacterial metabolites and various secretory molecules such as short chain fatty acids and cyclic nucleotides can also affect bone homeostasis. This review focuses on the regulation of osteoclast and osteoblast by MAMPs including cell wall components and secretory microbial molecules under in vitro and in vivo conditions. MAMPs could be used as potential molecular targets for treating bone-related diseases such as osteoporosis and periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeongkag Kwon
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.K.); (C.P.); (J.L.); (D.H.P.); (S.J.)
| | - Chaeyeon Park
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.K.); (C.P.); (J.L.); (D.H.P.); (S.J.)
| | - Jueun Lee
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.K.); (C.P.); (J.L.); (D.H.P.); (S.J.)
| | - Dong Hyun Park
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.K.); (C.P.); (J.L.); (D.H.P.); (S.J.)
| | - Sungho Jeong
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.K.); (C.P.); (J.L.); (D.H.P.); (S.J.)
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Ok-Jin Park
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.K.); (C.P.); (J.L.); (D.H.P.); (S.J.)
- Correspondence: (O.-J.P.); (S.H.H.); Tel.: +82-2-880-2312 (O.-J.P.); +82-2-880-2310 (S.H.H.)
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.K.); (C.P.); (J.L.); (D.H.P.); (S.J.)
- Correspondence: (O.-J.P.); (S.H.H.); Tel.: +82-2-880-2312 (O.-J.P.); +82-2-880-2310 (S.H.H.)
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Mohan M, Kumar M, Samant R, Van Hemert R, Tian E, Desai S, van Rhee F, Thanendrarajan S, Schinke C, Suva LJ, Sharma S, Milad M, Kendrick S, Zangari M. Bone remineralization of lytic lesions in multiple myeloma - The Arkansas experience. Bone 2021; 146:115876. [PMID: 33556629 PMCID: PMC8627246 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) patients frequently present with extensive osteolytic bone lesions. However, the impact of myeloma treatment on focal lytic lesion remineralization has not been extensively studied. In this study, the effect of anti-myeloma treatment on the extent of bone remineralization was examined and potential mediators identified. Newly diagnosed MM patients enrolled in the Total Therapy 4 and 5 (TT4; n = 231, TT5; n = 64) protocols were longitudinally evaluated for changes in radiological parameters for a median of 6.1 years. Bone remineralization was defined as a sclerotic CT change within the lytic lesion and quantified as a percentage of remineralization, using the initial lesion size as a reference. Such changes were correlated to clinical and biochemical parameters, and the gene expression profile of bone marrow biopsy. Overall, remineralization occurred in 72% of patients (213/295). Of those patients that experienced remineralization, 36% (107/295) achieved at least 25% of bone remineralization. Patients with high-risk disease defined by gene expression profile signature (GEP70 ≥ 0.66) experienced significant remineralization compared to low-risk MM. Female patients were also more likely to experience bone remineralization and in a shorter median time (2.0 vs. 3.3 y). Factors such as serum alkaline phosphatase along with high levels of RUNX2 and SOX4 gene expression correlated with increasing extent of bone remineralization. This analysis demonstrated significant remineralization of lytic lesions in MM patients treated on TT clinical trials. While the underlying mechanism remains elusive these findings support the hypothesis that patient baseline bone-related factors play a fundamental role in the skeletal repair of bone lesions in MM that provide new opportunities for improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Mohan
- Myeloma Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Rohan Samant
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Rudy Van Hemert
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Erming Tian
- Myeloma Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Shivang Desai
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Frits van Rhee
- Myeloma Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Sharmilan Thanendrarajan
- Myeloma Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Carolina Schinke
- Myeloma Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Larry J Suva
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Shobhit Sharma
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Mohamed Milad
- Department of Bioinformatics, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, United States of America
| | - Samantha Kendrick
- Department of Biochemisty and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America.
| | - Maurizio Zangari
- Myeloma Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America.
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40
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GPR35 regulates osteogenesis via the Wnt/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 556:171-178. [PMID: 33839412 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that osteoporosis is a significant chronic disease with the increase of the aging population. Here, we report that expression of G protein-coupled receptor 35 (GPR35) in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is suppressed in diagnosed osteoporosis patients and osteoporotic mice. The expression of GPR35 on BMSCs is enhanced during osteogenic differentiation. GPR35 knockout suppresses the proliferation and osteogenesis of BMSCs and deteriorates bone mass in both sham-treated and ovariectomized mice. Moreover, GPR35 deficiency reduces β-catenin activity in BMSCs. In contrast, the overexpression of GPR35 contributes to these processes in BMSCs. Finally, using zaprinast, a synthetic GPR35 agonist, we show that zaprinast rescues OVX-induced bone loss and promotes bone generation in mice. Thus, GPR35 may as a new target and its agonist zaprinast may serve as a novel treatment for osteoporosis.
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41
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Zhang X, Deng HW, Shen H, Ehrlich M. Prioritization of Osteoporosis-Associated Genome-wide Association Study (GWAS) Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) Using Epigenomics and Transcriptomics. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10481. [PMID: 33977200 PMCID: PMC8101624 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic risk factors for osteoporosis, a prevalent disease associated with aging, have been examined in many genome-wide association studies (GWASs). A major challenge is to prioritize transcription-regulatory GWAS-derived variants that are likely to be functional. Given the critical role of epigenetics in gene regulation, we have used an unusual epigenetics-based and transcription-based approach to identify some of the credible regulatory single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) relevant to osteoporosis from 38 reported bone mineral density (BMD) GWASs. Using Roadmap databases, we prioritized SNPs based upon their overlap with strong enhancer or promoter chromatin preferentially in osteoblasts relative to 12 heterologous cell culture types. We also required that these SNPs overlap open chromatin (Deoxyribonuclease I [DNaseI]-hypersensitive sites) and DNA sequences predicted to bind to osteoblast-relevant transcription factors in an allele-specific manner. From >50,000 GWAS-derived SNPs, we identified 14 novel and credible regulatory SNPs (Tier-1 SNPs) for osteoporosis risk. Their associated genes, BICC1, LGR4, DAAM2, NPR3, or HMGA2, are involved in osteoblastogenesis or bone homeostasis and regulate cell signaling or enhancer function. Four of these genes are preferentially expressed in osteoblasts. BICC1, LGR4, and DAAM2 play important roles in canonical Wnt signaling, a pathway critical for bone formation and repair. The transcription factors predicted to bind to the Tier-1 SNP-containing DNA sequences also have bone-related functions. We present evidence that some of the Tier-1 SNPs exert their effects on BMD risk indirectly through little-studied long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) genes, which may, in turn, control the nearby bone-related protein-encoding gene. Our study illustrates a method to identify novel BMD-related causal regulatory SNPs for future study and to prioritize candidate regulatory GWAS-derived SNPs, in general. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine Tulane University New Orleans LA USA
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine Tulane University New Orleans LA USA
| | - Hui Shen
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine Tulane University New Orleans LA USA
| | - Melanie Ehrlich
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine Tulane University New Orleans LA USA.,Tulane Cancer Center and Hayward Genetics Center Tulane University New Orleans LA USA
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42
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Anagnostis P, Bosdou JK, Vaitsi K, Goulis DG, Lambrinoudaki I. Estrogen and bones after menopause: a reappraisal of data and future perspectives. Hormones (Athens) 2021; 20:13-21. [PMID: 32519298 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-020-00218-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) is effective in preventing menopause-related bone loss and decreasing vertebral, non-vertebral and hip fracture risk. MHT contains estrogens that exert both antiosteoclastic and osteoanabolic effects. These effects are dose-dependent, as even ultra-low doses preserve or increase bone mineral density. The transdermal route of administration is effective on cancellous and cortical bone, although fracture data are still lacking. Hormone replacement therapy is the treatment of choice to preserve skeletal health in women with premature ovarian insufficiency and early menopause. MHT can be considered in women aged < 60 years or within 10 years since menopause as, in this population, benefits outweigh possible risks, such as breast cancer and cardiovascular events. Despite the ensuing bone loss after MHT discontinuation, a residual antifracture effect persists. However, in women at risk of fracture, subsequent antiosteoporotic therapy may be needed, either with an antiosteoclastic or osteoanabolic agent. In any case, longitudinal data from randomized controlled trials comparing different estrogen doses and routes of administration, as well as designating the optimal treatment strategy after MHT discontinuation, are needed to elucidate these issues further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Anagnostis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
- Department of Endocrinology, Police Medical Center of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Julia K Bosdou
- Unit for Human Reproduction, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantina Vaitsi
- Department of Endocrinology, Police Medical Center of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G Goulis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Irene Lambrinoudaki
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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43
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Yang M, Zhang CY. G protein-coupled receptors as potential targets for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease treatment. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:677-691. [PMID: 33716447 PMCID: PMC7934005 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i8.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a broad-spectrum disease, ranging from simple hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, which can progress to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Abnormal hepatic lipid accumulation is the major manifestation of this disease, and lipotoxicity promotes NAFLD progression. In addition, intermediate metabolites such as succinate can stimulate the activation of hepatic stellate cells to produce extracellular matrix proteins, resulting in progression of NAFLD to fibrosis and even cirrhosis. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been shown to play essential roles in metabolic disorders, such as NAFLD and obesity, through their function as receptors for bile acids and free fatty acids. In addition, GPCRs link gut microbiota-mediated connections in a variety of diseases, such as intestinal diseases, hepatic steatosis, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. The latest findings show that gut microbiota-derived acetate contributes to liver lipogenesis by converting dietary fructose into hepatic acetyl-CoA and fatty acids. GPCR agonists, including peptides and natural products like docosahexaenoic acid, have been applied to investigate their role in liver diseases. Therapies such as probiotics and GPCR agonists may be applied to modulate GPCR function to ameliorate liver metabolism syndrome. This review summarizes the current findings regarding the role of GPCRs in the development and progression of NAFLD and describes some preclinical and clinical studies of GPCR-mediated treatment. Overall, understanding GPCR-mediated signaling in liver disease may provide new therapeutic options for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, United States
| | - Chun-Ye Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, United States
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44
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Hamano S, Tomokiyo A, Hasegawa D, Yuda A, Sugii H, Yoshida S, Mitarai H, Wada N, Maeda H. Functions of beta2-adrenergic receptor in human periodontal ligament cells. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:4798-4808. [PMID: 32115771 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adrenergic receptors (ARs) are receptors of noradrenalin and adrenalin, of which there are nine different subtypes. In particular, β2 adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) is known to be related to the restoration and maintenance of homeostasis in bone and cardiac tissues; however, the functional role of signaling through β2-AR in periodontal ligament (PDL) tissue has not been fully examined. In this report, we investigated that β2-AR expression in PDL tissues and their features in PDL cells. β2-AR expressed in rat PDL tissues and human PDL cells (HPDLCs) derived from two different patients (HPDLCs-2G and -3S). Rat PDL tissue with occlusal loading showed high β2-AR expression, while its expression was downregulated in that without loading. In HPDLCs, β2-AR expression was increased exposed to stretch loading. The gene expression of PDL-related molecules was investigated in PDL clone cells (2-23 cells) overexpressing β2-AR. Their gene expression and intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels were also investigated in HPDLCs treated with a specific β2-AR agonist, fenoterol (FEN). Overexpression of β2-AR significantly promoted the gene expression of PDL-related molecules in 2 to 23 cells. FEN led to an upregulation in the expression of PDL-related molecules and increased intracellular cAMP levels in HPDLCs. In both HPDLCs, inhibition of cAMP signaling by using protein kinase A inhibitor suppressed the FEN-induced gene expression of α-smooth muscle actin. Our findings suggest that the occlusal force is important for β2-AR expression in PDL tissue and β2-AR is involved in fibroblastic differentiation and collagen synthesis of PDL cells. The signaling through β2-AR might be important for restoration and homeostasis of PDL tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Hamano
- Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of OBT Research Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tomokiyo
- Division of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daigaku Hasegawa
- Division of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Asuka Yuda
- Division of General Dentistry, Kyushu University Hospital, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideki Sugii
- Division of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Yoshida
- Division of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiromi Mitarai
- Division of General Dentistry, Kyushu University Hospital, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naohisa Wada
- Division of General Dentistry, Kyushu University Hospital, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Maeda
- Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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45
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G protein subunit β1 is an important mediator of the late stage of endochondral ossification. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:90-96. [PMID: 32928505 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.08.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
G protein signaling plays important roles in skeletal development. G protein subunit β1 (GNB1) is a component of the G protein complex and is associated with G protein signaling. In humans, GNB1 mutations cause global developmental and persistent growth delays and severe neurodevelopmental disability. Similarly, Gnb1-knockout (KO) mice display growth retardation with neural tube defects. These genetic studies raise the possibility that GNB1 regulates skeletal development. This study was designed to investigate the role of GNB1 in skeletal development using Gnb1-KO mice. Gnb1-KO mice showed dwarfism, shortening of limbs, and a decreased ossifying zone of long bones. In situ hybridization and RT-qPCR analyses revealed that Col10a1 and Mmp13 expression was reduced in long bones of Gnb1-KO mice, while Runx2, Osterix, Ihh, and Ppr expression levels were similar to those in wild-type littermates. Gnb1-KO-derived osteoblasts maintained calcification abilities and the expression levels of osteoblast marker genes were unaltered, indicating that osteoblast differentiation and function were not affected in Gnb1-KO mice. Taken together, our results show that GNB1 is required for the late stage of endochondral bone formation by regulating Col10a1 and Mmp13 expression.
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46
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Schöneberg T, Liebscher I. Mutations in G Protein-Coupled Receptors: Mechanisms, Pathophysiology and Potential Therapeutic Approaches. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 73:89-119. [PMID: 33219147 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There are approximately 800 annotated G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) genes, making these membrane receptors members of the most abundant gene family in the human genome. Besides being involved in manifold physiologic functions and serving as important pharmacotherapeutic targets, mutations in 55 GPCR genes cause about 66 inherited monogenic diseases in humans. Alterations of nine GPCR genes are causatively involved in inherited digenic diseases. In addition to classic gain- and loss-of-function variants, other aspects, such as biased signaling, trans-signaling, ectopic expression, allele variants of GPCRs, pseudogenes, gene fusion, and gene dosage, contribute to the repertoire of GPCR dysfunctions. However, the spectrum of alterations and GPCR involvement is probably much larger because an additional 91 GPCR genes contain homozygous or hemizygous loss-of-function mutations in human individuals with currently unidentified phenotypes. This review highlights the complexity of genomic alteration of GPCR genes as well as their functional consequences and discusses derived therapeutic approaches. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: With the advent of new transgenic and sequencing technologies, the number of monogenic diseases related to G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) mutants has significantly increased, and our understanding of the functional impact of certain kinds of mutations has substantially improved. Besides the classical gain- and loss-of-function alterations, additional aspects, such as biased signaling, trans-signaling, ectopic expression, allele variants of GPCRs, uniparental disomy, pseudogenes, gene fusion, and gene dosage, need to be elaborated in light of GPCR dysfunctions and possible therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Schöneberg
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ines Liebscher
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
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47
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Li X, Xie L, Qu X, Zhao B, Fu W, Wu B, Wu J. GPR91, a critical signaling mechanism in modulating pathophysiologic processes in chronic illnesses. FASEB J 2020; 34:13091-13105. [PMID: 32812686 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001037r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Succinate receptor GPR91 is one of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and is expressed in a variety of cell types and tissues. Succinate is its natural ligand, and its activation represents that an intrinsic metabolic intermediate exerts a regulatory role on many critical life processes involving pathophysiologic mechanisms, such as innate immunity, inflammation, tissue repair, and oncogenesis. With the illustration of 3-dimensional crystal structure of the receptor and discovery of its antagonists, it is possible to dissect the succinate-GPR91-G protein signaling pathways in different cell types under pathophysiological conditions. Deep understanding of the GPR91-ligand binding mode with various agonists and antagonists would aid in elucidating the molecular basis of a spectrum of chronic illnesses, such as hypertension, diabetes, and their renal and retina complications, metabolic-associated fatty liver diseases, such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and its fibrotic progression, inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis), age-related macular degeneration, rheumatoid arthritis, and progressive behaviors of malignancies. With better delineation of critical regulatory role of the succinate-GPR91 axis in these illnesses, therapeutic intervention may be developed by specifically targeting this signaling pathway with small molecular antagonists or other strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Medical Microbiology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangli Qu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bangyi Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Beili Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
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48
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Bondarev AD, Attwood MM, Jonsson J, Chubarev VN, Tarasov VV, Schiöth HB. Opportunities and challenges for drug discovery in modulating Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) functions. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:1291-1307. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1791075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey D. Bondarev
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Department Of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Misty M. Attwood
- Department Of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Jonsson
- Department Of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vladimir N. Chubarev
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim V. Tarasov
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Helgi B. Schiöth
- Department Of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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49
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Xu Z, Ke T, Zhang Y, Fu C, He W. Agonism of GPR120 prevented IL-1β-induced reduction of extracellular matrix through SOX-9. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:12074-12085. [PMID: 32580167 PMCID: PMC7343462 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a whole-joint disease with extremely high prevalence. In all treatment approaches of OA, blocking the degradation of the cartilage extracellular matrix is an important treatment. In OA, overexpression of derivative enzymes leads to excessive catabolism and reduced synthesis of cartilage including type II collagen and aggrecan, which results in irreversible destruction of the joint. SOX9 is a transcription factor that regulates the synthesis of type II collagen and aggrecan and is significantly downregulated in OA. GPR120 has been reported to affect the pathophysiology of OA. In this study, we used the GPR120 agonist GW9508 and TUG891 in ATDC5 chondrocytes exposed to interleukin (IL)-1β to investigate the involvement of GPR120 in SOX9-mediated expression of type II collagen and aggrecan. Our findings show that agonism of GPR120 can reduce inflammation by inhibiting the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 induced by IL-1β. We also show that GW9508 and TUG891 rescue the expression of type II collagen and aggrecan by preventing the reduction of SOX9 expression. Additionally, we demonstrate that the effects of GW9508 on SOX9 expression are mediated through CREB and that GPR120 is indeed required for this effect. Thus, agonism of GPR120 by GW9508 might be a potential therapeutic strategy to halt or prevent cartilage degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixian Xu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Tie Ke
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Yongfa Zhang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Chaofeng Fu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Wubing He
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, P.R. China
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50
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Sun P, He L, Jia K, Yue Z, Li S, Jin Y, Li Z, Siwko S, Xue F, Su J, Liu M, Luo J. Regulation of body length and bone mass by Gpr126/Adgrg6. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz0368. [PMID: 32219165 PMCID: PMC7083604 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz0368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor G6 (Adgrg6; also named GPR126) single-nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with human height in multiple populations. However, whether and how GPR126 regulates body height is unknown. In this study, we found that mouse body length was specifically decreased in Osx-Cre;Gpr126fl/fl mice. Deletion of Gpr126 in osteoblasts resulted in a remarkable delay in osteoblast differentiation and mineralization during embryonic bone formation. Postnatal bone formation, bone mass, and bone strength were also significantly affected in Gpr126 osteoblast deletion mice because of defects in osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and ossification. Furthermore, type IV collagen functioned as an activating ligand of Gpr126 to regulate osteoblast differentiation and function by stimulating cAMP signaling. Moreover,the cAMP activator PTH(1-34), could partially restore the inhibition of osteoblast differentiation and the body length phenotype induced by Gpr126 deletion.Together, our results demonstrated that COLIV-Gpr126 regulated body length and bone mass through cAMP-CREB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of the Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Liang He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Kunhang Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Zhiying Yue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Shichang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of the Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Yunyun Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Zhenxi Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Stefan Siwko
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Feng Xue
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai 201400, P.R. China
| | - Jiacan Su
- Department of Orthopaedics Trauma, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Jian Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
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