1
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Lindner K, Gavin AC. Isoform- and cell-state-specific APOE homeostasis and function. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2456-2466. [PMID: 38526282 PMCID: PMC11090418 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E is the major lipid transporter in the brain and an important player in neuron-astrocyte metabolic coupling. It ensures the survival of neurons under stressful conditions and hyperactivity by nourishing and detoxifying them. Apolipoprotein E polymorphism, combined with environmental stresses and/or age-related alterations, influences the risk of developing late-onset Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss our current knowledge of how apolipoprotein E homeostasis, i.e. its synthesis, secretion, degradation, and lipidation, is affected in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Lindner
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Claude Gavin
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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2
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Gurlo T, Liu R, Wang Z, Hoang J, Ryazantsev S, Daval M, Butler AE, Yang X, Blencowe M, Butler PC. Dysregulation of cholesterol homeostasis is an early signal of β-cell proteotoxicity characteristic of type 2 diabetes. Physiol Genomics 2024; 56:621-633. [PMID: 38949617 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00029.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a common metabolic disease due to insufficient insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells in the context of insulin resistance. Islet molecular pathology reveals a role for protein misfolding in β-cell dysfunction and loss with islet amyloid derived from islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), a protein coexpressed and cosecreted with insulin. The most toxic form of misfolded IAPP is intracellular membrane disruptive toxic oligomers present in β-cells in T2D and in β-cells of mice transgenic for human IAPP (hIAPP). Prior work revealed a high degree of overlap of transcriptional changes in islets from T2D and prediabetic 9- to 10-wk-old mice transgenic for hIAPP with most changes being pro-survival adaptations and therefore of limited therapeutic guidance. Here, we investigated islets from hIAPP transgenic mice at an earlier age (6 wk) to screen for potential mediators of hIAPP toxicity that precede predominance of pro-survival signaling. We identified early suppression of cholesterol synthesis and trafficking along with aberrant intra-β-cell cholesterol and lipid deposits and impaired cholesterol trafficking to cell membranes. These findings align with comparable lipid deposits present in β-cells in T2D and increased vulnerability to develop T2D in individuals taking medications that suppress cholesterol synthesis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY β-Cell failure in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by β-cell misfolded protein stress due to the formation of toxic oligomers of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP). Most transcriptional changes in islets in T2D are pro-survival adaptations consistent with the slow progression of β-cell loss. In the present study, investigation of the islet transcriptional signatures in a mouse model of T2D expressing human IAPP revealed decreased cholesterol synthesis and trafficking as a plausible early mediator of IAPP toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Gurlo
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Ruoshui Liu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Zhongying Wang
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Jonathan Hoang
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Sergey Ryazantsev
- Electron Imaging Center, California Nano Systems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Marie Daval
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Alexandra E Butler
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Montgomery Blencowe
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Peter C Butler
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
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3
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Zhao L, Pang M, Fu Z, Wu H, Song Q. Bibliometric analysis of lipophagy:2013 to 2023. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35299. [PMID: 39165945 PMCID: PMC11334871 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipophagy is defined as the autophagic degradation of lipid droplets. It is a selective autophagy process that can continuously circulate and redistribute metabolites to maintain the body's energy balance. Over the last ten years, there has been a significant increase in the amount of literature on lipophagy, making it more challenging to track the field's advancement using conventional techniques. The data from the lipophagy literature published in the last ten years was converted into visual representations with the use of bibliometric tools. An increasing number of countries and institutions are delving further into lipophagy research with the support of visualization technologies. The five main illnesses of cancer, atherosclerosis, fatty liver, hyperlipidemia, and neurodegenerative diseases have become study opportunities, as have the mechanisms of macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Mengmeng Pang
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Zhenyue Fu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huaqin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Qingqiao Song
- Department of General Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
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4
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Shen Q, Yang M, Wang S, Chen X, Chen S, Zhang R, Xiong Z, Leng Y. The pivotal role of dysregulated autophagy in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1374644. [PMID: 39175576 PMCID: PMC11338765 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1374644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a clinicopathologic syndrome characterized by excessive fat deposition in hepatocytes and a major cause of end-stage liver disease. Autophagy is a metabolic pathway responsible for degrading cytoplasmic products and damaged organelles, playing a pivotal role in maintaining the homeostasis and functionality of hepatocytes. Recent studies have shown that pharmacological intervention to activate or restore autophagy provides benefits for liver function recovery by promoting the clearance of lipid droplets (LDs) in hepatocytes, decreasing the production of pro-inflammatory factors, and inhibiting activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), thus improving liver fibrosis and slowing down the progression of NAFLD. This article summarizes the physiological process of autophagy, elucidates the close relationship between NAFLD and autophagy, and discusses the effects of drugs on autophagy and signaling pathways from the perspectives of hepatocytes, kupffer cells (KCs), and HSCs to provide assistance in the clinical management of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohui Shen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Ming Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Department of Liver, Spleen and Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Liver, Spleen and Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Department of Liver, Spleen and Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Sulan Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuang Xiong
- Department of Liver, Spleen and Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Leng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Department of Liver, Spleen and Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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5
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Fote GM, Eapen VV, Lim RG, Yu C, Salazar L, McClure NR, McKnight J, Nguyen TB, Heath MC, Lau AL, Villamil MA, Miramontes R, Kratter IH, Finkbeiner S, Reidling JC, Paulo JA, Kaiser P, Huang L, Housman DE, Thompson LM, Steffan JS. Huntingtin contains an ubiquitin-binding domain and regulates lysosomal targeting of mitochondrial and RNA-binding proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2319091121. [PMID: 39074279 PMCID: PMC11317567 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319091121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the normal function of the Huntingtin (HTT) protein is of significance in the design and implementation of therapeutic strategies for Huntington's disease (HD). Expansion of the CAG repeat in the HTT gene, encoding an expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat within the HTT protein, causes HD and may compromise HTT's normal activity contributing to HD pathology. Here, we investigated the previously defined role of HTT in autophagy specifically through studying HTT's association with ubiquitin. We find that HTT interacts directly with ubiquitin in vitro. Tandem affinity purification was used to identify ubiquitinated and ubiquitin-associated proteins that copurify with a HTT N-terminal fragment under basal conditions. Copurification is enhanced by HTT polyQ expansion and reduced by mimicking HTT serine 421 phosphorylation. The identified HTT-interacting proteins include RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) involved in mRNA translation, proteins enriched in stress granules, the nuclear proteome, the defective ribosomal products (DRiPs) proteome and the brain-derived autophagosomal proteome. To determine whether the proteins interacting with HTT are autophagic targets, HTT knockout (KO) cells and immunoprecipitation of lysosomes were used to investigate autophagy in the absence of HTT. HTT KO was associated with reduced abundance of mitochondrial proteins in the lysosome, indicating a potential compromise in basal mitophagy, and increased lysosomal abundance of RBPs which may result from compensatory up-regulation of starvation-induced macroautophagy. We suggest HTT is critical for appropriate basal clearance of mitochondrial proteins and RBPs, hence reduced HTT proteostatic function with mutation may contribute to the neuropathology of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianna M. Fote
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UC Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA92697
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UC Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA92868
| | - Vinay V. Eapen
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
- Casma Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Ryan G. Lim
- The University of California Irvine Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA92697
| | - Clinton Yu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA92697
| | - Lisa Salazar
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, UC Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA92868
| | - Nicolette R. McClure
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA92697
| | - Jharrayne McKnight
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA92697
| | - Thai B. Nguyen
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA92697
| | - Marie C. Heath
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA92697
| | - Alice L. Lau
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, UC Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA92868
| | - Mark A. Villamil
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UC Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA92697
| | - Ricardo Miramontes
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, UC Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA92868
| | - Ian H. Kratter
- Center for Systems and Therapeutics, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA94158
- Stanford Brain Stimulation Lab, Stanford, CA94304
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94304
| | - Steven Finkbeiner
- Center for Systems and Therapeutics, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA94158
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA94158
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA94158
| | - Jack C. Reidling
- The University of California Irvine Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA92697
| | - Joao A. Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Peter Kaiser
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UC Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA92697
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA92697
| | - David E. Housman
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Leslie M. Thompson
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UC Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA92697
- The University of California Irvine Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA92697
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, UC Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA92868
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA92697
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA92697
| | - Joan S. Steffan
- The University of California Irvine Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA92697
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, UC Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA92868
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA92697
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6
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Pang M, Yu L, Li X, Lu C, Xiao C, Liu Y. A promising anti-tumor targeting on ERMMDs mediated abnormal lipid metabolism in tumor cells. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:562. [PMID: 39098929 PMCID: PMC11298533 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06956-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
The investigation of aberrations in lipid metabolism within tumor has become a burgeoning field of study that has garnered significant attention in recent years. Lipids can serve as a potent source of highly energetic fuel to support the rapid growth of neoplasia, in where the ER-mitochondrial membrane domains (ERMMDs) provide an interactive network for facilitating communication between ER and mitochondria as well as their intermembrane space and adjunctive proteins. In this review, we discuss fatty acids (FAs) anabolic and catabolic metabolism, as well as how CPT1A-VDAC-ACSL clusters on ERMMDs participate in FAs transport, with a major focus on ERMMDs mediated collaborative loop of FAO, Ca2+ transmission in TCA cycle and OXPHOS process. Here, we present a comprehensive perspective on the regulation of aberrant lipid metabolism through ERMMDs conducted tumor physiology might be a promising and potential target for tumor starvation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshi Pang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Liuchunyang Yu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Cheng Xiao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuanyan Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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7
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Raza S, Rajak S, Yen PM, Sinha RA. Autophagy and hepatic lipid metabolism: mechanistic insight and therapeutic potential for MASLD. NPJ METABOLIC HEALTH AND DISEASE 2024; 2:19. [PMID: 39100919 PMCID: PMC11296953 DOI: 10.1038/s44324-024-00022-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) originates from a homeostatic imbalance in hepatic lipid metabolism. Increased fat deposition in the liver of people suffering from MASLD predisposes them to develop further metabolic derangements, including diabetes mellitus, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), and other end-stage liver diseases. Unfortunately, only limited pharmacological therapies exist for MASLD to date. Autophagy, a cellular catabolic process, has emerged as a primary mechanism of lipid metabolism in mammalian hepatocytes. Furthermore, preclinical studies with autophagy modulators have shown promising results in resolving MASLD and mitigating its progress into deleterious liver pathologies. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of autophagy-mediated hepatic lipid metabolism, its therapeutic modulation for MASLD treatment, and current limitations and scope for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Raza
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014 India
| | - Sangam Rajak
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014 India
| | - Paul M. Yen
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
| | - Rohit A. Sinha
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014 India
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8
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Zheng Y, Chen J, Macwan V, Dixon CL, Li X, Liu S, Yu Y, Xu P, Sun Q, Hu Q, Liu W, Raught B, Fairn GD, Neculai D. S-acylation of ATGL is required for lipid droplet homoeostasis in hepatocytes. Nat Metab 2024; 6:1549-1565. [PMID: 39143266 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01085-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are organelles specialized in the storage of neutral lipids, cholesterol esters and triglycerides, thereby protecting cells from the toxicity of excess lipids while allowing for the mobilization of lipids in times of nutrient deprivation. Defects in LD function are associated with many diseases. S-acylation mediated by zDHHC acyltransferases modifies thousands of proteins, yet the physiological impact of this post-translational modification on individual proteins is poorly understood. Here, we show that zDHHC11 regulates LD catabolism by modifying adipose triacylglyceride lipase (ATGL), the rate-limiting enzyme of lipolysis, both in hepatocyte cultures and in mice. zDHHC11 S-acylates ATGL at cysteine 15. Preventing the S-acylation of ATGL renders it catalytically inactive despite proper localization. Overexpression of zDHHC11 reduces LD size, whereas its elimination enlarges LDs. Mutating ATGL cysteine 15 phenocopies zDHHC11 loss, causing LD accumulation, defective lipolysis and lipophagy. Our results reveal S-acylation as a mode of regulation of ATGL function and LD homoeostasis. Modulating this pathway may offer therapeutic potential for treating diseases linked to defective lipolysis, such as fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Zheng
- Center for Metabolism Research, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China
| | - Jishun Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Vinitha Macwan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charneal L Dixon
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Xinran Li
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengjie Liu
- Westlake AI Therapeutics Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuyun Yu
- Center for Metabolism Research, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China
| | - Pinglong Xu
- Life Science Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiming Sun
- Center for Metabolism Research, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China
| | - Qi Hu
- Westlake AI Therapeutics Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Center for Metabolism Research, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China.
| | - Brian Raught
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Gregory D Fairn
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Dante Neculai
- Center for Metabolism Research, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China.
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9
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Ke J, Pan J, Lin H, Huang S, Zhang J, Wang C, Chang ACY, Gu J. Targeting Rab7-Rilp Mediated Microlipophagy Alleviates Lipid Toxicity in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401676. [PMID: 38837607 PMCID: PMC11304244 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM) is characterized by diastolic dysfunction, which progresses into heart failure and aberrant electrophysiology in diabetic patients. Dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetic patients leads to the accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs) in cardiomyocytes and results in lipid toxicity which has been suggested to drive DbCM. It is aimed to explore potential pathways that may boost LDs degradation in DbCM and restore cardiac function. LDs accumulation resulted in an increase in lipid toxicity in DbCM hearts is confirmed. Microlipophagy pathway, rather than traditional macrolipophagy, is activated in DbCM hearts. RNA-Seq data and Rab7-CKO mice implicate that Rab7 is a major modulator of the microlipophagy pathway. Mechanistically, Rab7 is phosphorylated at Tyrosine 183, which allows the recruitment of Rab-interacting lysosome protein (Rilp) to proceed LDs degradation by lysosome. Treating DbCM mice with Rab7 activator ML-098 enhanced Rilp level and rescued the observed cardiac dysfunction. Overall, Rab7-Rilp-mediated microlipophagy may be a promising target in the treatment of lipid toxicity in DbCM is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahan Ke
- Department of CardiologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai200001China
| | - Jianan Pan
- Department of CardiologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai200001China
| | - Hao Lin
- Department of CardiologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai200001China
| | - Shuying Huang
- Department of CardiologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai200001China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Department of CardiologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai200001China
| | - Changqian Wang
- Department of CardiologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai200001China
| | - Alex Chia Yu Chang
- Department of CardiologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai200001China
- Shanghai Institute of Precision MedicineShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai200120China
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of CardiologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai200001China
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10
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Shatz N, Chohan Y, Klionsky DJ. ATG14 and STX18: gatekeepers of lipid droplet degradation and the implications for disease modulation. Autophagy 2024; 20:1697-1699. [PMID: 38735055 PMCID: PMC11262226 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2350739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipophagy, a form of autophagy specific to the degradation of lipid droplets (LDs), plays an important role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and metabolic processes. A recent study has identified ATG14 (autophagy related 14) as a molecule that targets LDs and marks them for degradation via lipophagy; a process that is inhibited by the binding of STX18 (syntaxin 18) to ATG14 in mammalian cells. The exact mechanism of regulation of lipophagy, and subsequently of cellular LD levels, is still under investigation; however, dysregulation of this process has been linked to a number of disease phenotypes. An imbalance of lipid levels can result in a wide variety of conditions depending on the cell/tissue type in which they occur. In cells of the retinal pigment epithelium, lipid accumulation can result in dry age-related macular degeneration, in hepatocytes it can result in nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases and in neural cells it can result in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. Based upon its wide range of implications in diseases, modulation of lipophagy is currently being further investigated for its potential as a treatment for a variety of conditions ranging from viral infection to developmental illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Shatz
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yashveer Chohan
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel J. Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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11
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Peng P, Chavel C, Liu W, Carlson LM, Cao S, Utley A, Olejniczak SH, Lee KP. Pro-survival signaling regulates lipophagy essential for multiple myeloma resistance to stress-induced death. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114445. [PMID: 38968073 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Pro-survival metabolic adaptations to stress in tumorigenesis remain less well defined. We find that multiple myeloma (MM) is unexpectedly dependent on beta-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids (FAs) for survival under both basal and stress conditions. However, under stress conditions, a second pro-survival signal is required to sustain FA oxidation (FAO). We previously found that CD28 is expressed on MM cells and transduces a significant pro-survival/chemotherapy resistance signal. We now find that CD28 signaling regulates autophagy/lipophagy that involves activation of the Ca2+→AMPK→ULK1 axis and regulates the translation of ATG5 through HuR, resulting in sustained lipophagy, increased FAO, and enhanced MM survival. Conversely, blocking autophagy/lipophagy sensitizes MM to chemotherapy in vivo. Our findings link a pro-survival signal to FA availability needed to sustain the FAO required for cancer cell survival under stress conditions and identify lipophagy as a therapeutic target to overcome treatment resistance in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Peng
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Colin Chavel
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Wensheng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Louise M Carlson
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sha Cao
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Adam Utley
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Scott H Olejniczak
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kelvin P Lee
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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12
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Gupta G, Wang Z, Kissling VM, Gogos A, Wick P, Buerki-Thurnherr T. Boron Nitride Nanosheets Induce Lipid Accumulation and Autophagy in Human Alveolar Lung Epithelial Cells Cultivated at Air-Liquid Interface. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308148. [PMID: 38290809 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is an emerging 2D material attracting significant attention due to its superior electrical, chemical, and therapeutic properties. However, inhalation toxicity mechanisms of hBN in human lung cells are poorly understood. Here, cellular interaction and effects of hBN nanosheets is investigated in alveolar epithelial cells cultured on porous inserts and exposed under air-liquid interface conditions for 24 h. hBN is taken up by the cells as determined in a label-free manner via RAMAN-confocal microscopy, ICP-MS, TEM, and SEM-EDX. No significant (p > 0.05) effects are observed on cell membrane integrity (LDH release), epithelial barrier integrity (TEER), interleukin-8 cytokine production or reactive oxygen production at tested dose ranges (1, 5, and 10 µg cm-2). However, it is observed that an enhanced accumulation of lipid granules in cells indicating the effect of hBN on lipid metabolism. In addition, it is observed that a significant (p < 0.05) and dose-dependent (5 and 10 µg cm-2) induction of autophagy in cells after exposure to hBN, potentially associated with the downstream processing and breakdown of excess lipid granules to maintain lipid homeostasis. Indeed, lysosomal co-localization of lipid granules supporting this argument is observed. Overall, the results suggest that the continuous presence of excess intracellular lipids may provoke adverse outcomes in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govind Gupta
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Empa, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, 9014, Switzerland
| | - Ziting Wang
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Empa, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, 9014, Switzerland
| | - Vera M Kissling
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Empa, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, 9014, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Gogos
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Empa, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, 9014, Switzerland
| | - Peter Wick
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Empa, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, 9014, Switzerland
| | - Tina Buerki-Thurnherr
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Empa, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, 9014, Switzerland
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13
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Wang Y, Song Y, Xu L, Zhou W, Wang W, Jin Q, Xie Y, Zhang J, Liu J, Wu W, Li H, Liang L, Wang J, Yang Y, Chen X, Ge S, Gao T, Zhang L, Xie M. A Membrane-Targeting Aggregation-Induced Emission Probe for Monitoring Lipid Droplet Dynamics in Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Cardiomyocyte Ferroptosis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309907. [PMID: 38696589 PMCID: PMC11234465 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) is the leading cause of irreversible myocardial damage. A pivotal pathogenic factor is ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced cardiomyocyte ferroptosis, marked by iron overload and lipid peroxidation. However, the impact of lipid droplet (LD) changes on I/R-induced cardiomyocyte ferroptosis is unclear. In this study, an aggregation-induced emission probe, TPABTBP is developed that is used for imaging dynamic changes in LD during myocardial I/R-induced ferroptosis. TPABTBP exhibits excellent LD-specificity, superior capability for monitoring lipophagy, and remarkable photostability. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and super-resolution fluorescence imaging demonstrate that the TPABTBP is specifically localized to the phospholipid monolayer membrane of LDs. Imaging LDs in cardiomyocytes and myocardial tissue in model mice with MIRI reveals that the LD accumulation level increase in the early reperfusion stage (0-9 h) but decrease in the late reperfusion stage (>24 h) via lipophagy. The inhibition of LD breakdown significantly reduces the lipid peroxidation level in cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that chloroquine (CQ), an FDA-approved autophagy modulator, can inhibit ferroptosis, thereby attenuating MIRI in mice. This study describes the dynamic changes in LD during myocardial ischemia injury and suggests a potential therapeutic target for early MIRI intervention.
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14
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Zhao J, Duan L, Li J, Yao C, Wang G, Mi J, Yu Y, Ding L, Zhao Y, Yan G, Li J, Zhao Z, Wang X, Li M. New insights into the interplay between autophagy, gut microbiota and insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116807. [PMID: 38795644 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a widespread and multifactorial disorder, and the study of its pathogenesis and treatment remains challenging. Autophagy, an intracellular degradation system that maintains cellular renewal and homeostasis, is essential for maintaining antimicrobial defense, preserving epithelial barrier integrity, promoting mucosal immune response, maintaining intestinal homeostasis, and regulating gut microbiota and microbial metabolites. Dysfunctional autophagy is implicated in the pathological mechanisms of MetS, involving insulin resistance (IR), chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, with IR being a predominant feature. The study of autophagy represents a valuable field of research with significant clinical implications for identifying autophagy-related signals, pathways, mechanisms, and treatment options for MetS. Given the multifactorial etiology and various potential risk factors, it is imperative to explore the interplay between autophagy and gut microbiota in MetS more thoroughly. This will facilitate the elucidation of new mechanisms underlying the crosstalk among autophagy, gut microbiota, and MetS, thereby providing new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyue Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Liyun Duan
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jiarui Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Chensi Yao
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jia Mi
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yongjiang Yu
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Lu Ding
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yunyun Zhao
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Guanchi Yan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhixuan Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiuge Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Min Li
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
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15
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Du J, Qin H. Lipid metabolism dynamics in cancer stem cells: potential targets for cancers. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1367981. [PMID: 38994204 PMCID: PMC11236562 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1367981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a small subset of heterogeneous cells within tumors that possess the ability to self-renew and initiate tumorigenesis. They serve as potential drivers for tumor initiation, metastasis, recurrence, and drug resistance. Recent research has demonstrated that the stemness preservation of CSCs is heavily reliant on their unique lipid metabolism alterations, enabling them to maintain their own environmental homeostasis through various mechanisms. The primary objectives involve augmenting intracellular fatty acid (FA) content to bolster energy supply, promoting β-oxidation of FA to optimize energy utilization, and elevating the mevalonate (MVA) pathway for efficient cholesterol synthesis. Additionally, lipid droplets (LDs) can serve as alternative energy sources in the presence of glycolysis blockade in CSCs, thereby safeguarding FA from peroxidation. Furthermore, the interplay between autophagy and lipid metabolism facilitates rapid adaptation of CSCs to the harsh microenvironment induced by chemotherapy. In this review, we comprehensively review recent studies pertaining to lipid metabolism in CSCs and provide a concise overview of the indispensable role played by LDs, FA, cholesterol metabolism, and autophagy in maintaining the stemness of CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hai Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Guizhou Hospital, Guiyang, China
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16
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Yu D, Hales BF, Robaire B. Organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers affect the phenotype and function of HepG2 liver cells. Toxicol Sci 2024; 199:261-275. [PMID: 38518089 PMCID: PMC11131028 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposure to the organophosphate esters (OPEs), used as flame retardants and plasticizers, is associated with a variety of adverse health effects including an increase in the incidence of fatty liver diseases. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of six OPEs, all detected in Canadian house dust, on the phenotype and function of HepG2 liver cells. We used high-content imaging to investigate the effects of these OPEs on cell survival, mitochondria, oxidative stress, lipid droplets, and lysosomes. Effects on the autophagy/lipophagy pathway were evaluated using confocal microscopy. The triaryl OPEs (isopropylated triphenylphosphate [IPPP], tris(methylphenyl) phosphate [TMPP], and triphenyl phosphate [TPHP]) were more cytotoxic than non-triaryl OPEs (tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate [TBOEP], tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate [TCIPP], and tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate [TDCIPP]). Exposure to most OPEs increased total mitochondria, reduced reactive oxygen species, and increased total lipid droplet areas and lysosomal intensity. Potency ranking was done using the lowest benchmark concentration/administered equivalent dose method and toxicological prioritization index analyses to integrate all phenotypic endpoints. IPPP, TBOEP, and TPHP ranked as the most potent OPEs, whereas TMPP, TCIPP, and TDCIPP were relatively less bioactive. Confocal microscopic analysis demonstrated that IPPP reduced the colocalization of lipid droplets (PLIN2), lysosomes (LAMP1), and autophagosomes (p62), disrupting autophagy. In contrast, TBOEP rescued cells from bafilomycin A1-induced inhibition of autophagy and/or increased autophagic flux. Together, these data demonstrate that OPEs have adverse effects on HepG2 cells. Further, OPE-induced dysregulation of autophagy may contribute to the association between OPE exposure and adverse effects on liver lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Barbara F Hales
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Bernard Robaire
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
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17
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Safi R, Menéndez P, Pol A. Lipid droplets provide metabolic flexibility for cancer progression. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:1301-1327. [PMID: 38325881 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
A hallmark of cancer cells is their remarkable ability to efficiently adapt to favorable and hostile environments. Due to a unique metabolic flexibility, tumor cells can grow even in the absence of extracellular nutrients or in stressful scenarios. To achieve this, cancer cells need large amounts of lipids to build membranes, synthesize lipid-derived molecules, and generate metabolic energy in the absence of other nutrients. Tumor cells potentiate strategies to obtain lipids from other cells, metabolic pathways to synthesize new lipids, and mechanisms for efficient storage, mobilization, and utilization of these lipids. Lipid droplets (LDs) are the organelles that collect and supply lipids in eukaryotes and it is increasingly recognized that the accumulation of LDs is a new hallmark of cancer cells. Furthermore, an active role of LD proteins in processes underlying tumorigenesis has been proposed. Here, by focusing on three major classes of LD-resident proteins (perilipins, lipases, and acyl-CoA synthetases), we provide an overview of the contribution of LDs to cancer progression and discuss the role of LD proteins during the proliferation, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, and stemness of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Safi
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Menéndez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cancer, CIBER-ONC, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Network for Advanced Cell Therapies (TERAV), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Pol
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Obaseki E, Adebayo D, Bandyopadhyay S, Hariri H. Lipid droplets and fatty acid-induced lipotoxicity: in a nutshell. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:1207-1214. [PMID: 38281809 PMCID: PMC11126361 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are fat storage organelles that are conserved from bacteria to humans. LDs are broken down to supply cells with fatty acids (FAs) that can be used as an energy source or membrane synthesis. An overload of FAs disrupts cellular functions and causes lipotoxicity. Thus, by acting as hubs for storing excess fat, LDs prevent lipotoxicity and preserve cellular homeostasis. LD synthesis and turnover have to be precisely regulated to maintain a balanced lipid distribution and allow for cellular adaptation during stress. Here, we discuss how prolonged exposure to excess lipids affects cellular functions, and the roles of LDs in buffering cellular stress focusing on lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eseiwi Obaseki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202 USA
| | - Daniel Adebayo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202 USA
| | - Sumit Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202 USA
| | - Hanaa Hariri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202 USA
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19
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Sekar M, Thirumurugan K. Autophagic Regulation of Adipogenesis Through TP53INP2: Insights from In Silico and In Vitro Analysis. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:1188-1205. [PMID: 38238641 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-01020-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is an epidemic disease associated with multimorbidity resulting in higher mortality risk. The imbalance between energy storage and expenditure is the prime factor in the prognosis of the disease. Specifically, excessive lipid storage through adipogenesis leads to obesity. Adipogenesis is the process that converts preadipocytes into mature adipocytes by regulating major transcription factors like PPARγ and C/EBPα, contributes to lipid storage in adipose tissue. On the contrary, autophagy is a self-degradative process that maintains homeostasis in adipose tissue by regulating adipogenesis and lipolysis. TP53INP2 is a key player that regulates the autophagy process, and it negatively regulates adipogenesis and lipid storage. The gene expression profile GSE93637 was retrieved from the GEO database and analyzed using an integrated bioinformatics approach. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed using R-Bioconductor for TP53INP2 knockdown microarray dataset of 3T3L1 cells, and the DEGs were analyzed for the functional enrichment analysis. Further, the genes involved in the potential biological and molecular functions were evaluated for pathway enrichment analysis by KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes). A total of 726 DEGs were found including 391 upregulated and 335 downregulated genes. Further, the functional and pathway enrichment analysis was employed to identify the highly interacting genes, and we identified a total of 56 genes that are highly interacting through a protein-protein interaction network. The DEGs mainly regulate the Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, lipolysis, and autophagy. Further, we investigated the associated Hub genes for enriched pathway genes and found the involvement of two autophagic genes ATG7 and sequestosome 1 (p62). In addition, in vitro studies of qRT-PCR (Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) and Western blot analysis revealed that increased autophagy resulted in reduced lipid storage through down-regulation of the adipogenic gene. Moreover, increased expression of autophagic gene TP53INP2 and ATG7 facilitates the down-regulation of p62 and PPARγ gene resulting in lipolysis in mature adipocytes through autophagy. There is no specific treatment to reduce obesity other than a caloric diet and exercise. Hence, this study provides sufficient evidence to conclude that TP53INP2 negatively regulates adipogenesis and increases the degradation of lipids in mature adipocytes which is crucial for reducing obesity. Therefore, it is plausible to consider TP53INP2 as a promising therapeutic target for managing adipogenesis and obesity. However, further studies are necessary to validate their functional and molecular pathway analysis in the regulation of adipogenesis and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouliganesh Sekar
- Structural Biology Lab, #412, Pearl Research Park, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Kavitha Thirumurugan
- Structural Biology Lab, #412, Pearl Research Park, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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20
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Zhu X, Zeng C, Yu B. White adipose tissue in metabolic associated fatty liver disease. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2024; 48:102336. [PMID: 38604293 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2024.102336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a prevalent chronic liver condition globally, currently lacking universally recognized therapeutic drugs, thereby increasing the risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Research has reported an association between white adipose tissue and MAFLD. SCOPE OF REVIEW White adipose tissue (WAT) is involved in lipid metabolism and can contribute to the progression of MAFLD by mediating insulin resistance, inflammation, exosomes, autophagy, and other processes. This review aims to elucidate the mechanisms through which WAT plays a role in the development of MAFLD. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS WAT participates in the occurrence and progression of MAFLD by mediating insulin resistance, inflammation, autophagy, and exosome secretion. Fibrosis and restricted expansion of adipose tissue can lead to the release of more free fatty acids (FFA), exacerbating the progression of MAFLD. WAT-secreted TNF-α and IL-1β, through the promotion of JNK/JKK/p38MAPK expression, interfere with insulin receptor serine and tyrosine phosphorylation, worsening insulin resistance. Adiponectin, by inhibiting the TLR-4-NF-κB pathway and suppressing M2 to M1 transformation, further inhibits the secretion of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, improving insulin resistance in MAFLD patients. Various gene expressions within WAT, such as MBPAT7, Nrf2, and Ube4A, can ameliorate insulin resistance in MAFLD patients. Autophagy-related gene Atg7 promotes the expression of fibrosis-related genes, worsening MAFLD. Non-pharmacological treatments, including diabetes-related medications and exercise, can improve MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000, PR China
| | - Chuanfei Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000, PR China
| | - Baoping Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000, PR China.
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21
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Wang Z, Wang X, Liu Y, Wang X, Meng N, Cong P, Song Y, Xu J, Xue C. Sea Cucumber Plasmalogen Regulates the Lipid Profile in High-Fat Diet Mouse Liver via Lipophagy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:9842-9855. [PMID: 38630981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The sea cucumber plasmalogen PlsEtn has been shown to be associated with various chronic diseases related to lipid metabolism. However, the mechanism is unclear. Therefore, the present study used the sea cucumber plasmanylcholine PakCho as a structural contrast to PlsEtn and assessed its effect in 8 week high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. The lipidomic approach based on high-resolution mass spectrometry combined with molecular biology techniques was used to evaluate the mechanism of PlsEtn. The results showed that both PlsEtn and PakCho significantly inhibited an increase in mouse body weight and liver total triglyceride and total cholesterol levels caused by HFD. In addition, oil red O staining demonstrated that lipid droplets stored in the liver were degraded. Meanwhile, untargeted lipidomic experiments revealed that total lipids (increased by 42.8 mmol/mg prot; p < 0.05), triglycerides (increased by 38.9 mmol/mg prot; p < 0.01), sphingolipids (increased by 1.5 mmol/mg prot; p < 0.0001), and phospholipids (increased by 2.5 mmol/mg prot; p < 0.05) were all significantly elevated under HFD. PlsEtn resolved lipid metabolism disorders by alleviating the abnormal expression of lipid subclasses. In addition, five lipid molecular species, PE (18:1/20:4), PE (18:1/20:3), PE (18:1/18:3), TG (16:0/16:0/17:0), and TG (15:0/16:0/18:1), were identified as the biomarkers of HFD-induced lipid metabolism disorders. Finally, lipophagy-associated protein expression analysis showed that HFD abnormally activated lipophagy via ULK1 phosphorylation and PlsEtn alleviated lipophagy disorder through lysosomal function promotion. In addition, PlsEtn performed better than PakCho. Taken together, the current study results unraveled the mechanism of PlsEtn in alleviating lipid metabolism disorder and offered a new theoretical foundation for the high-value development of sea cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Xincen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Nan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Peixu Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Yu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
- Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266235, China
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22
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Guo S, Li Z, Liu Y, Cheng Y, Jia D. Ferroptosis: a new target for hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury? Free Radic Res 2024; 58:396-416. [PMID: 39068663 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2024.2386075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) can seriously affect graft survival and prognosis and is an unavoidable event during liver transplantation. Ferroptosis is a novel iron-dependent form of cell death characterized by iron accumulation and overwhelming lipid peroxidation; it differs morphologically, genetically, and biochemically from other well-known cell death types (autophagy, necrosis, and apoptosis). Accumulating evidence has shown that ferroptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of hepatic IRI, and targeting ferroptosis may be a promising therapeutic approach. Here, we review the pathways and phenomena involved in ferroptosis, explore the associations and implications of ferroptosis and hepatic IRI, and discuss possible strategies for modulating ferroptosis to alleviate the hepatic IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Guo
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zexin Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Degong Jia
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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23
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Quan JJ, Nikolov LA, Sha J, Wohlschlegel JA, Coppens I, Bradley PJ. Systematic characterization of all Toxoplasma gondii TBC domain-containing proteins identifies an essential regulator of Rab2 in the secretory pathway. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002634. [PMID: 38713739 PMCID: PMC11101121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii resides in its intracellular niche by employing a series of specialized secretory organelles that play roles in invasion, host cell manipulation, and parasite replication. Rab GTPases are major regulators of the parasite's secretory traffic that function as nucleotide-dependent molecular switches to control vesicle trafficking. While many of the Rab proteins have been characterized in T. gondii, precisely how these Rabs are regulated remains poorly understood. To better understand the parasite's secretory traffic, we investigated the entire family of Tre2-Bub2-Cdc16 (TBC) domain-containing proteins, which are known to be involved in vesicle fusion and secretory protein trafficking. We first determined the localization of all 18 TBC domain-containing proteins to discrete regions of the secretory pathway or other vesicles in the parasite. Second, we use an auxin-inducible degron approach to demonstrate that the protozoan-specific TgTBC9 protein, which localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), is essential for parasite survival. Knockdown of TgTBC9 results in parasite growth arrest and affects the organization of the ER and mitochondrial morphology. TgTBC9 knockdown also results in the formation of large lipid droplets (LDs) and multi-membranous structures surrounded by ER membranes, further indicating a disruption of ER functions. We show that the conserved dual-finger active site in the TBC domain of the protein is critical for its GTPase-activating protein (GAP) function and that the Plasmodium falciparum orthologue of TgTBC9 can rescue the lethal knockdown. We additionally show by immunoprecipitation and yeast 2 hybrid analyses that TgTBC9 preferentially binds Rab2, indicating that the TBC9-Rab2 pair controls ER morphology and vesicular trafficking in the parasite. Together, these studies identify the first essential TBC protein described in any protozoan and provide new insight into intracellular vesicle trafficking in T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J. Quan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Lachezar A. Nikolov
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jihui Sha
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Institute of Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - James A. Wohlschlegel
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Institute of Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Isabelle Coppens
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peter J. Bradley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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24
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Liu G, Wang YH, Zhang T, Li YQ, Chen XY, Dong W, Li W, Miao QX, Qiao WB, Tian HQ, Yin SL. Astragaloside-IV promotes autophagy via the Akt/mTOR pathway to improve cellular lipid deposition. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37846. [PMID: 38640324 PMCID: PMC11030007 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the potential role of astragaloside IV (AS-IV) in improving cellular lipid deposition and its underlying mechanism. A fatty liver cell model was established by treating hepatoma cells with palmitic acid. AS-IV and SC79 were used for treatment. Oil Red O staining was applied to detect intracellular lipid deposition, and transmission electron microscopy was utilized to assess autophagosome formation. Immunofluorescence double staining was applied to determine microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3 (LC3) expression. Western blot analysis was performed to detect the expression of LC3, prostacyclin, Beclin-1, V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (Akt), phosphorylated Akt, mTOR, and phosphorylated mTOR. Oil Red O staining revealed that AS-IV reduced intracellular lipid accumulation. Further, it increased autophagosome synthesis and the expression of autophagy proteins LC3 and Beclin-1 in the cells. It also reduced the phosphorylation levels of Akt and mTOR and the levels of prostacyclin. However, the effects of AS-IV decreased with SC79 treatment. In addition, LC3B + BODIPY493/503 fluorescence double staining showed that AS-IV reduced intracellular lipid deposition levels by enhancing autophagy. AS-IV can reduce lipid aggregation in fatty liver cells, which can be related to enhanced hepatocyte autophagy by inhibiting the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Liu
- Qionglai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qionglai, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ye-Hui Wang
- Qionglai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qionglai, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Province Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Qionglai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qionglai, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya-Qiong Li
- Qionglai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qionglai, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin-Yue Chen
- Qionglai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qionglai, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Qionglai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qionglai, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Qionglai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qionglai, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qi-Xiang Miao
- Qionglai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qionglai, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen-Bo Qiao
- Qionglai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qionglai, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui-Qiang Tian
- Qionglai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qionglai, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shi-Long Yin
- Qionglai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qionglai, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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25
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Zhang Z, Aoki H, Umezawa K, Kranrod J, Miyazaki N, Oshima T, Hirao T, Miura Y, Seubert J, Ito K, Aoki S. Potential role of lipophagy impairment for anticancer effects of glycolysis-suppressed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:166. [PMID: 38580661 PMCID: PMC10997792 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01933-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Although increased aerobic glycolysis is common in various cancers, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells can survive a state of glycolysis suppression. We aimed to identify potential therapeutic targets in glycolysis-suppressed PDAC cells. By screening anticancer metabolic compounds, we identified SP-2509, an inhibitor of lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A (LSD1), which dramatically decreased the growth of PDAC PANC-1 cells and showed an anti-tumoral effect in tumor-bearing mice. The growth of glycolysis-suppressed PANC-1 cells was also inhibited by another LSD1 inhibitor, OG-L002. Similarly, the other two PDAC cells (PK-1 and KLM-1) with suppressed glycolysis exhibited anticancer effects against SP-2509. However, the anticancer effects on PDAC cells were unrelated to LSD1. To investigate how PDAC cells survive in a glycolysis-suppressed condition, we conducted proteomic analyses. These results combined with our previous findings suggested that glucose-starvation causes PDAC cells to enhance mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. In particular, mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism was identified as a key factor contributing to the survival of PDAC cells under glycolysis suppression. We further demonstrated that SP-2509 and OG-L002 disturbed fatty acid metabolism and induced lipid droplet accumulation through the impairment of lipophagy, but not bulk autophagy. These findings indicate a significant potential association of lipophagy and anticancer effects in glycolysis-suppressed PDAC cells, offering ideas for new therapeutic strategies for PDAC by dual inhibition of glycolysis and fatty acids metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Zhang
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-city, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Haruna Aoki
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-city, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Keitaro Umezawa
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35‑2 Sakae‑cho, Itabashi‑ku, Tokyo, 173‑0015, Japan
| | - Joshua Kranrod
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, 2026-M Katz Group Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, 11361-97 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Natsumi Miyazaki
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-city, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Taichi Oshima
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-city, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Takuya Hirao
- Divisions of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi, 324-8501, Japan
| | - Yuri Miura
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35‑2 Sakae‑cho, Itabashi‑ku, Tokyo, 173‑0015, Japan
| | - John Seubert
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, 2026-M Katz Group Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, 11361-97 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Kousei Ito
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-city, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Shigeki Aoki
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-city, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.
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26
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López CAM, Freiberger RN, Sviercz FA, Jarmoluk P, Cevallos C, Quarleri J, Delpino MV. HIV and gp120-induced lipid droplets loss in hepatic stellate cells contribute to profibrotic profile. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167084. [PMID: 38368823 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins, primarily collagen, in response to liver injury caused by chronic liver diseases. HIV infection accelerates the progression of liver fibrosis in patients co-infected with HCV or HBV compared to those who are only mono-infected. The early event in the progression of liver fibrosis involves the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which entails the loss of lipid droplets (LD) to fuel the production of extracellular matrix components crucial for liver tissue healing. Thus, we are examining the mechanism by which HIV stimulates the progression of liver fibrosis. HIV-R5 tropic infection was unable to induce the expression of TGF-β, collagen deposition, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and cellular proliferation. However, this infection induced the secretion of the profibrogenic cytokine IL-6 and the loss of LD. This process involved the participation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α and an increase in lysosomal acid lipase (LAL), along with the involvement of Microtubule-associated protein 1 A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3), strongly suggesting that LD loss could occur through acid lipolysis. These phenomena were mimicked by the gp120 protein from the R5 tropic strain of HIV. Preincubation of HSCs with the CCR5 receptor antagonist, TAK-779, blocked gp120 activity. Additionally, experiments performed with pseudotyped-HIV revealed that HIV replication could also contribute to LD loss. These results demonstrate that the cross-talk between HSCs and HIV involves a series of interactions that help explain some of the mechanisms involved in the exacerbation of liver damage observed in co-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthya Alicia Marcela López
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Facultad de Medicina, Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosa Nicole Freiberger
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Facultad de Medicina, Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Franco Agustín Sviercz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Facultad de Medicina, Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricio Jarmoluk
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Facultad de Medicina, Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cintia Cevallos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Facultad de Medicina, Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Quarleri
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Facultad de Medicina, Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Delpino
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Facultad de Medicina, Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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27
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Huang H, Sharoar MG, Pathoulas J, Fan L, He W, Xiang R, Yan R. Accumulation of neutral lipids in dystrophic neurites surrounding amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167086. [PMID: 38378084 PMCID: PMC10999334 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the formation β-amyloid (Aβ) deposited neuritic plaques. Recent evidence suggests that abnormal lipid metabolism and accumulation could serve as biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases, including AD. Tubular endoplasmic reticulum protein, reticulon 3 (RTN3), plays a crucial role in the development of neuritic plaque and lipid metabolism in AD brains. In present study, we sought to investigate a potential association between neutral lipid accumulation and AD pathology. BODIPY 500/510 dye was used to label neutral lipid surrounding Aβ plaques in APPNL-G-F mouse and AD postmortem brains samples. Immunofluorescent images were captured using confocal microscope and co-localization between lipid metabolism proteins and neutral lipids were evaluated. Lipid accumulation in Aβ plaque surrounding dystrophic neurites (DNs) was observed in the cortical region of AD mouse models and human AD brain samples. The neutral lipid staining was not co-localized with IBA1-labeled microglia or GFAP-labeled astrocytes, but it was co-labeled with VAMP2 and neurofilament. We further showed that neutral lipids were accumulated in RTN3 immunoreactive DNs. Both the neutral lipids accumulation and RIDNs formation showed age-dependent patterns in surrounding amyloid plaques. Mechanistic studies revealed that RTN3 likely contributes to the enrichment of neutral lipids near plaques by interacting with heat shock cognate protein 70 (HSC70) and diminishing its function in chaperone-mediated lipophagy. Our study provides immunohistochemical evidence of neutral lipids being enriched in DNs near amyloid plaques. Our findings shed light on RTN3-mediaed lipid accumulation in AD neuropathology and provide fresh insights into the role of RTN3 in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA; Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Md Golam Sharoar
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA; Alzheimer's Disease Research Program, Corewell Health Research Institute, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Corewell Health East, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA
| | - Joseph Pathoulas
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Liangliang Fan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wanxia He
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Riqiang Yan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
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28
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Mahmoudi SK, Tarzemani S, Aghajanzadeh T, Kasravi M, Hatami B, Zali MR, Baghaei K. Exploring the role of genetic variations in NAFLD: implications for disease pathogenesis and precision medicine approaches. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:190. [PMID: 38504356 PMCID: PMC10953212 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01708-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the leading causes of chronic liver diseases, affecting more than one-quarter of people worldwide. Hepatic steatosis can progress to more severe forms of NAFLD, including NASH and cirrhosis. It also may develop secondary diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Genetic and environmental factors regulate NAFLD incidence and progression, making it a complex disease. The contribution of various environmental risk factors, such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, diet, and sedentary lifestyle, to the exacerbation of liver injury is highly understood. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms of genetic variations in the NAFLD occurrence or its deterioration still need to be clarified. Hence, understanding the genetic susceptibility to NAFLD is essential for controlling the course of the disease. The current review discusses genetics' role in the pathological pathways of NAFLD, including lipid and glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, cellular stresses, and immune responses. Additionally, it explains the role of the genetic components in the induction and progression of NAFLD in lean individuals. Finally, it highlights the utility of genetic knowledge in precision medicine for the early diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Kosar Mahmoudi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985714711, Iran
| | - Shadi Tarzemani
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985714711, Iran
| | - Taha Aghajanzadeh
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985714711, Iran.
| | - Mohammadreza Kasravi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985714711, Iran
| | - Behzad Hatami
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985714711, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985714711, Iran
| | - Kaveh Baghaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985714711, Iran.
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985714711, Iran.
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29
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Jiang M, Wu W, Xiong Z, Yu X, Ye Z, Wu Z. Targeting autophagy drug discovery: Targets, indications and development trends. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 267:116117. [PMID: 38295689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy plays a vital role in sustaining cellular homeostasis and its alterations have been implicated in the etiology of many diseases. Drugs development targeting autophagy began decades ago and hundreds of agents were developed, some of which are licensed for the clinical usage. However, no existing intervention specifically aimed at modulating autophagy is available. The obstacles that prevent drug developments come from the complexity of the actual impact of autophagy regulators in disease scenarios. With the development and application of new technologies, several promising categories of compounds for autophagy-based therapy have emerged in recent years. In this paper, the autophagy-targeted drugs based on their targets at various hierarchical sites of the autophagic signaling network, e.g., the upstream and downstream of the autophagosome and the autophagic components with enzyme activities are reviewed and analyzed respectively, with special attention paid to those at preclinical or clinical trials. The drugs tailored to specific autophagy alone and combination with drugs/adjuvant therapies widely used in clinical for various diseases treatments are also emphasized. The emerging drug design and development targeting selective autophagy receptors (SARs) and their related proteins, which would be expected to arrest or reverse the progression of disease in various cancers, inflammation, neurodegeneration, and metabolic disorders, are critically reviewed. And the challenges and perspective in clinically developing autophagy-targeted drugs and possible combinations with other medicine are considered in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, China Jiliang University, China
| | - Wayne Wu
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Zijie Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, China Jiliang University, China
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- Department of Biology, China Jiliang University, China
| | - Zihong Ye
- Department of Biology, China Jiliang University, China
| | - Zhiping Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, China Jiliang University, China.
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30
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Xiao F, Chen C, Zhang W, Wang J, Wu K. FOXO3/Rab7-Mediated Lipophagy and Its Role in Zn-Induced Lipid Metabolism in Yellow Catfish ( Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:334. [PMID: 38540393 PMCID: PMC10969980 DOI: 10.3390/genes15030334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipophagy is a selective autophagy that regulates lipid metabolism and reduces hepatic lipid deposition. However, the underlying mechanism has not been understood in fish. In this study, we used micronutrient zinc (Zn) as a regulator of autophagy and lipid metabolism and found that Ras-related protein 7 (rab7) was involved in Zn-induced lipophagy in hepatocytes of yellow catfish Pelteobagrus pelteobagrus. We then characterized the rab7 promoter and identified binding sites for a series of transcription factors, including Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3). Site mutation experiments showed that the -1358/-1369 bp FOXO3 binding site was responsible for Zn-induced transcriptional activation of rab7. Further studies showed that inhibition of rab7 significantly inhibited Zn-induced lipid degradation by lipophagy. Moreover, rab7 inhibitor also mitigated the Zn-induced increase of cpt1α and acadm expression. Our results suggested that Zn exerts its lipid-lowering effect partly through rab7-mediated lipophagy and FA β-oxidation in hepatocytes. Overall, our findings provide novel insights into the FOXO3/rab7 axis in lipophagy regulation and enhance the understanding of lipid metabolism by micronutrient Zn, which may help to reduce excessive lipid accumulation in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiao
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.X.); (C.C.); (J.W.)
- Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.X.); (C.C.); (J.W.)
- Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wuxiao Zhang
- College of Marine and Biology Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China;
| | - Jiawei Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.X.); (C.C.); (J.W.)
- Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kun Wu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.X.); (C.C.); (J.W.)
- Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Cui Y, Man S, Tao J, Liu Y, Ma L, Guo L, Huang L, Liu C, Gao W. The lipid droplet in cancer: From being a tumor-supporting hallmark to clinical therapy. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14087. [PMID: 38247395 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Abnormal lipid metabolism, one of the hallmarks in cancer, has gradually emerged as a novel target for cancer treatment. As organelles that store and release excess lipids, lipid droplets (LDs) resemble "gears" and facilitate cancer development in the body. AIM This review discusses the life cycle of LDs, the relationship between abnormal LDs and cancer hallmarks, and the application of LDs in theragnostic and clinical contexts to provide a contemporary understanding of the role of LDs in cancer. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and SPORTDiscus. Retrieve and summarize clinical trials of drugs that target proteins associated with LD formation using the Clinical Trials website. Create a schematic diagram of lipid droplets in the tumor microenvironment using Adobe Illustrator. CONCLUSION As one of the top ten hallmarks of cancer, abnormal lipid metabolism caused by excessive generation of LDs interrelates with other hallmarks. The crosstalk between excessive LDs and intracellular free fatty acids (FFAs) promotes an inflammatory environment that supports tumor growth. Moreover, LDs contribute to cancer metastasis and cell death resistance in vivo. Statins, as HMGCR inhibitors, are promising to be the pioneering commercially available anti-cancer drugs that target LD formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuli Man
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiejing Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Long Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changxiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Release Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research Co and Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to discuss the most recent evidence exploring the role of lipid droplets in steatotic liver disease (SLD). We highlight the breadth of mechanisms by which lipid droplets may contribute to the progression of SLD with a particular focus on the role of lipid droplets as inducers of mechanical stress within hepatocytes and genetic mutations in lipid droplet associated proteins. Finally, this review provides an update on clinical trials exploring the therapeutic potential and strategies targeting lipid droplets. RECENT FINDINGS The size, composition and location of hepatic lipid droplets strongly influence the pathological role of these organelles in SLD. Emerging studies are beginning to elucidate the importance of lipid droplet induced hepatocyte mechanical stress. Novel strategies targeting lipid droplets, including the effects of lipid droplet associated protein mutations, show promising therapeutic potential. SUMMARY Much more than a histological feature, lipid droplets are complex heterogenous organelles crucial to cellular metabolism with important causative roles in the development and progression of SLD. Lipid droplet induced mechanical stress may exacerbate hepatic inflammation and fibrogenesis and potentially contribute to the development of a pro-carcinogenic hepatic environment. The integration of advancements in genetics and molecular biology in upcoming treatments aspires to transcend symptomatic alleviation and address the fundamental causes and pathological development of SLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Bilson
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Eleonora Scorletti
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Kamińska D, Skrzycki M. Lipid droplets, autophagy, and ER stress as key (survival) pathways during ischemia-reperfusion of transplanted grafts. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:253-279. [PMID: 38178581 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is an event concerning any organ under a procedure of transplantation. The early result of ischemia is hypoxia, which causes malfunction of mitochondria and decrease in cellular ATP. This leads to disruption of cellular metabolism. Reperfusion also results in cell damage due to reoxygenation and increased production of reactive oxygen species, and later by induced inflammation. In damaged and hypoxic cells, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway is activated by increased amount of damaged or misfolded proteins, accumulation of free fatty acids and other lipids due to inability of their oxidation (lipotoxicity). ER stress is an adaptive response and a survival pathway, however, its prolonged activity eventually lead to induction of apoptosis. Sustaining cell functionality in stress conditions is a great challenge for transplant surgeons as it is crucial for maintaining a desired level of graft vitality. Pathways counteracting negative consequences of ischemia-reperfusion are autophagy and lipid droplets (LD) metabolism. Autophagy remove damaged organelles and molecules driving them to lysosomes, digested simpler compounds are energy source for the cell. Mitophagy and ER-phagy results in improvement of cell energetic balance and alleviation of ER stress. This is important in sustaining metabolic homeostasis and thus cell survival. LD metabolism is connected with autophagy as LD are degraded by lipophagy, a source of free fatty acids and glycerol-thus autophagy and LD can readily remove lipotoxic compounds in the cell. In conclusion, monitoring and pharmaceutic regulation of those pathways during transplantation procedure might result in increased/improved vitality of transplanted organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Kamińska
- Department of Radiotherapy, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Michał Skrzycki
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
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Wang X, Peng B, Zhang C, Wu M, Xu W, Cheng J, Tao L, Li Z, Zhang Y. Hepatic effects of acetochlor chiral isomers in zebrafish and L02 cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169781. [PMID: 38176547 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The pesticide acetochlor (ACT) is a chiral isomer commonly detected in the global environment, yet its specific impacts on liver function remain poorly understood. We utilized zebrafish and L02 cells as research models to comprehensively investigate how ACT and its chiral isomers affect the liver. Our investigations unveiled that the R, Rac, and S isomers of ACT disrupt hepatic lipid transport, catabolism, and synthesis, leading to delayed yolk sac absorption and the accumulation of lipids in zebrafish embryos. These isomers induce oxidative stress in the liver of zebrafish embryos, reducing antioxidant levels and enzyme activity. The accumulated lipids in the liver render it susceptible to oxidative stress, further exacerbating hepatocyte damage. Hepatocyte damage manifests as extensive vacuolization of liver cells and alterations in liver morphology, which are induced by R, Rac, and S. Furthermore, we elucidated the molecular mechanisms underpinning the disturbance of hepatic lipid metabolism by R, Rac, and S in L02 cells. These compounds stimulate lipid synthesis through the upregulation of the AMPK/SREBP-1c/FAS pathway while inhibiting lipolysis via downregulation of the PPAR-α/CPT-1a pathway. Remarkably, our results highlight that S exhibits significantly higher hepatotoxicity in comparison to R. This study provides valuable insights into the hepatic effects of ACT chiral isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, UT southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
| | - Mengqi Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiagao Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liming Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Poole B, Oshins R, Huo Z, Aranyos A, West J, Duarte S, Clark VC, Beduschi T, Zarrinpar A, Brantly M, Khodayari N. Sirtuin3 promotes the degradation of hepatic Z alpha-1 antitrypsin through lipophagy. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0370. [PMID: 38285890 PMCID: PMC10830086 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a genetic disease caused by misfolding and accumulation of mutant alpha-1 antitrypsin (ZAAT) in the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes. Hepatic ZAAT aggregates acquire a toxic gain-of-function that impacts the endoplasmic reticulum which is theorized to cause liver disease in individuals with AATD who present asymptomatic until late-stage cirrhosis. Currently, there is no treatment for AATD-mediated liver disease except liver transplantation. In our study of mitochondrial RNA, we identified that Sirtuin3 (SIRT3) plays a role in the hepatic phenotype of AATD. METHODS Utilizing RNA and protein analysis in an in vitro AATD model, we investigated the role of SIRT3 in the pathophysiology of AATD-mediated liver disease while also characterizing our novel, transgenic AATD mouse model. RESULTS We show lower expression of SIRT3 in ZAAT-expressing hepatocytes. In contrast, the overexpression of SIRT3 increases hepatic ZAAT degradation. ZAAT degradation mediated by SIRT3 appeared independent of proteasomal degradation and regular autophagy pathways. We observed that ZAAT-expressing hepatocytes have aberrant accumulation of lipid droplets, with ZAAT polymers localizing on the lipid droplet surface in a direct interaction with Perilipin2, which coats intracellular lipid droplets. SIRT3 overexpression also induced the degradation of lipid droplets in ZAAT-expressing hepatocytes. We observed that SIRT3 overexpression induces lipophagy by enhancing the interaction of Perilipin2 with HSC70. ZAAT polymers then degrade as a consequence of the mobilization of lipids through this process. CONCLUSIONS In this context, SIRT3 activation may eliminate the hepatic toxic gain-of-function associated with the polymerization of ZAAT, providing a rationale for a potential novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of AATD-mediated liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney Poole
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Regina Oshins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Zhiguang Huo
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Alek Aranyos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jesse West
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sergio Duarte
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Virginia C. Clark
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Thiago Beduschi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ali Zarrinpar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mark Brantly
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Nazli Khodayari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Jin S, Li Y, Xia T, Liu Y, Zhang S, Hu H, Chang Q, Yan M. Mechanisms and therapeutic implications of selective autophagy in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00041-9. [PMID: 38295876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, whereas there is no approved drug therapy due to its complexity. Studies are emerging to discuss the role of selective autophagy in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, because the specificity among the features of selective autophagy makes it a crucial process in mitigating hepatocyte damage caused by aberrant accumulation of dysfunctional organelles, for which no other pathway can compensate. AIM OF REVIEW This review aims to summarize the types, functions, and dynamics of selective autophagy that are of particular importance in the initiation and progression of NAFLD. And on this basis, the review outlines the therapeutic strategies against NAFLD, in particular the medications and potential natural products that can modulate selective autophagy in the pathogenesis of this disease. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW The critical roles of lipophagy and mitophagy in the pathogenesis of NAFLD are well established, while reticulophagy and pexophagy are still being identified in this disease due to the insufficient understanding of their molecular details. As gradual blockage of autophagic flux reveals the complexity of NAFLD, studies unraveling the underlying mechanisms have made it possible to successfully treat NAFLD with multiple pharmacological compounds that target associated pathways. Overall, it is convinced that the continued research into selective autophagy occurring in NAFLD will further enhance the understanding of the pathogenesis and uncover novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwei Jin
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Yujia Li
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tianji Xia
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Yongguang Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, China.
| | - Qi Chang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China.
| | - Mingzhu Yan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China.
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Zhang S, Lv K, Liu Z, Zhao R, Li F. Fatty acid metabolism of immune cells: a new target of tumour immunotherapy. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:39. [PMID: 38245525 PMCID: PMC10799907 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01807-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic competition between tumour cells and immune cells for limited nutrients is an important feature of the tumour microenvironment (TME) and is closely related to the outcome of tumour immune escape. A large number of studies have proven that tumour cells need metabolic reprogramming to cope with acidification and hypoxia in the TME while increasing energy uptake to support their survival. Among them, synthesis, oxidation and uptake of fatty acids (FAs) in the TME are important manifestations of lipid metabolic adaptation. Although different immune cell subsets often show different metabolic characteristics, various immune cell functions are closely related to fatty acids, including providing energy, providing synthetic materials and transmitting signals. In the face of the current situation of poor therapeutic effects of tumour immunotherapy, combined application of targeted immune cell fatty acid metabolism seems to have good therapeutic potential, which is blocked at immune checkpoints. Combined application of adoptive cell therapy and cancer vaccines is reflected. Therefore, it is of great interest to explore the role of fatty acid metabolism in immune cells to discover new strategies for tumour immunotherapy and improve anti-tumour immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kebing Lv
- Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fei Li
- Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Nanchang, China.
- Institute of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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Huang Z, Ma Y, Sun Z, Cheng L, Wang G. Ferroptosis: potential targets and emerging roles in pancreatic diseases. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:75-94. [PMID: 37934210 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03625-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly discovered form of regulatory cell death characterized by excessive iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. In the past decade, significant breakthroughs have been made in comprehending the features and regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis, and it has been confirmed that ferroptosis plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiological processes of various diseases, including tumors, inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, and infectious diseases. The pancreas, which is the second largest digestive gland in the human body and has both endocrine and exocrine functions, is a vital organ for controlling digestion and metabolism. In recent years, numerous studies have confirmed that ferroptosis is closely related to pancreatic diseases, which is attributed to abnormal iron accumulation, as an essential biochemical feature of ferroptosis, is often present in the pathological processes of various pancreatic exocrine and endocrine diseases and the vulnerability of the pancreas to oxidative stress stimulation and damage. Therefore, comprehending the regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis in pancreatic diseases may provide valuable new insights into treatment strategies. In this review, we first summarize the hallmark features of ferroptosis and then analyze the exact mechanisms by which ferroptosis is precisely regulated at multiple levels and links, including iron metabolism, lipid metabolism, the GPX4-mediated ferroptosis defense system, the GPX4-independent ferroptosis defense system, and the regulation of autophagy on ferroptosis. Finally, we discuss the role of ferroptosis in the occurrence and development of pancreatic diseases and summarize the feasibility and limitations of ferroptosis as a therapeutic target for pancreatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Huang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Medical Department, The First Affifiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhiguo Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Long Cheng
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
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Yu H, Zhong D, Li S, Mo H, Zhang Z, Gao J, Ren X, Yu J, Geng S, Wang Y, Li Y, Wang L. FGF21 Improves Glycolipid Metabolism in Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fed a High-Carbohydrate Diet by Inhibiting Inflammatory Responses and Activating Autophagy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:20118-20130. [PMID: 38061326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the coding region of rainbow trout fgf21 was cloned and sequenced to synthesize a recombinant protein (rFGF21) and investigate its potential role in improving glycolipid metabolism. Acute injection of rFGF21 into rainbow trout effectively reduced serum glucose levels. To investigate the effect of rFGF21 on high-carbohydrate diet (HCD)-induced metabolic disorders in rainbow trout, a 31-day feeding experiment was conducted. At the end of the third week, fish were injected with either PBS or rFGF21. The results showed that the final body weight (FBW) significantly increased in rainbow trout on an HCD (P < 0.05), but there were potential risks including disturbances in glycolipid metabolism and increased inflammatory responses. However, these effects were altered by rFGF21 treatment. In addition, rFGF21 promotes glucose uptake by increasing the phosphorylation levels of AKT (protein kinase B) and GSK3β (glycogen synthase kinase 3β), increasing hepatic glycogen, thereby lowering serum glucose. Notably, the rFGF21 did not exacerbate the inflammatory response but downregulated the expression of inflammatory factors. Interestingly, the activation of autophagy and the AMPK pathway may contribute to the positive effect of rFGF21, where rFGF21 injection significantly increased the levels of LC3I/II protein and phosphorylate AMPKα (P < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Debin Zhong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuai Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haolin Mo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiuwei Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Ren
- Meixian Aquaculture Farm of Shitouhe Reservoir Administration, Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiajia Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuo Geng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Montenegro-Navarro N, García-Báez C, García-Caballero M. Molecular and metabolic orchestration of the lymphatic vasculature in physiology and pathology. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8389. [PMID: 38104163 PMCID: PMC10725466 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44133-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphangiogenesis refers to the generation of new lymphatic vessels from pre-existing ones. During development and particular adult states, lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) undergo reprogramming of their transcriptomic and signaling networks to support the high demands imposed by cell proliferation and migration. Although there has been substantial progress in identifying growth factors and signaling pathways controlling lymphangiogenesis in the last decades, insights into the role of metabolism in lymphatic cell functions are just emerging. Despite numerous similarities between the main metabolic pathways existing in LECs, blood ECs (BEC) and other cell types, accumulating evidence has revealed that LECs acquire a unique metabolic signature during lymphangiogenesis, and their metabolic engine is intertwined with molecular regulatory networks, resulting in a tightly regulated and interconnected process. Considering the implication of lymphatic dysfunction in cancer and lymphedema, alongside other pathologies, recent findings hold promising opportunities to develop novel therapeutic approaches. In this review, we provide an overview of the status of knowledge in the molecular and metabolic network regulating the lymphatic vasculature in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Montenegro-Navarro
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
| | - Claudia García-Báez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
| | - Melissa García-Caballero
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Málaga, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), Málaga, Spain.
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Huang J, Xu S, Liu L, Zhang J, Xu J, Zhang L, Zhou X, Huang L, Peng J, Wang J, Gong Z, Chen Y. Targeted treatment of atherosclerosis with protein-polysaccharide nanoemulsion co-loaded with photosensitiser and upconversion nanoparticles. J Drug Target 2023; 31:1111-1127. [PMID: 37962293 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2023.2284093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are the most abundant cell group in atherosclerosis (AS) lesions and play a vital role in all stages of AS progression. Recent research has shown that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation from photodynamic therapy (PDT) induces macrophage autophagy to improve abnormal lipid metabolism and inflammatory environment. Especially in macrophage-derived foam cells, which has become a potential strategy for the treatment of AS. In this study, we prepared the conjugate (DB) of dextran (DEX) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). The DB was used as the emulsifier to prepare nanoemulsion loaded with upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and chlorin e6 (Ce6) (UCNPs-Ce6@DB). The DEX modified on the surface of the nanoemulsion can recognise and bind to the scavenger receptor class A (SR-A) highly expressed on macrophages and promote the uptake of macrophage-derived foam cells in AS plates through SR-A-mediated endocytosis. In addition, UCNPs-Ce6@DB-mediated PDT enhanced ROS generation and induced autophagy in macrophage-derived foam cells, enhanced the expression of ABCA1, a protein closely related to cholesterol efflux, and inhibited the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Ultimately, UCNPs-Ce6@DB was shown to inhibit plaque formation in mouse models of AS. In conclusion, UCNPs-Ce6@DB offers a promising treatment for AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shan Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lina Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiyuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinzhuan Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lei Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jianqing Peng
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jianing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, China
| | - Zipeng Gong
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yi Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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42
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Mansour O, Kazem A, El Wakil A. Assessment of breast cytoarchitecture and its associated axillary lymph node status under normal and pathological conditions in Egyptian women. Tissue Cell 2023; 85:102244. [PMID: 37856936 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Herein, we compare the features of neoplastic cancer cells in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) grade II and III patients to their corresponding normal cells both in breast and axillary lymph node (ALN) tissues. METHODS A retrospective cohort of 70 female breast cancer patients enrolled between 2018 and 2020 at Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt, was analyzed for clinicopathological features presentation. Fresh tiny pieces of breast tissue and its associated ALN tissues were then processed to investigate the morphological appearance by scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the histological architecture of tissue sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin was studied by light microscope, while the characterization of the ultrastructure features of breast and ALN tissues was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Clinicopathological presentation of patients revealed that the Egyptian female breast cancer population adhered to the global trends of breast cancer disease with elevated incidence rate among postmenopausal women (61.3%), high frequency of IDC (95.7%), and increased ALN metastasis (65.7%). The percentage of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression, as key indicators for carcinogenesis and disease progression was 87.1% and 55.8%, respectively. The present study points to the observed discrepancies among the investigated variables in the diagnostic separation between IDC grade II and grade III. Ductal epithelial cells organization, nuclei size and irregularity, chromatin amount and uniformity, mitochondrial abundance and dysfunction were differentially manifested in IDC grades. Moreover, aberrations in the cellular organelles like lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and lipid droplets vary according to the grade of IDC and the aggressiveness of the invasive breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS To sum up, this study emphasizes the importance of accurate specimen evaluation for treatment choice and decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia Mansour
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Amani Kazem
- Department of Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Abeer El Wakil
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Egypt.
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Li J, Wang H. Autophagy-dependent ferroptosis in infectious disease. J Transl Int Med 2023; 11:355-362. [PMID: 38130644 PMCID: PMC10732494 DOI: 10.2478/jtim-2023-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is the initial defense response of the host against pathogens. Autophagy can be either non-selective or selective. It selectively targets the degradation of autophagic substrates through the sorting and transportation of autophagic receptor proteins. However, excessive autophagy activity will trigger cell death especially ferroptosis, which was characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxide and free iron. Several certain types of selective autophagy degrade antioxidant systems and ferritin. Here, we summarized the latest researches of autophagy in infection and discuss the regulatory mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy-dependent ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarou Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin150086, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Future Medical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin150086, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin150086, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Kim KH, Oprescu SN, Snyder MM, Kim A, Jia Z, Yue F, Kuang S. PRMT5 mediates FoxO1 methylation and subcellular localization to regulate lipophagy in myogenic progenitors. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113329. [PMID: 37883229 PMCID: PMC10727913 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Development is regulated by various factors, including protein methylation status. While PRMT5 is well known for its roles in oncogenesis by mediating symmetric di-methylation of arginine, its role in normal development remains elusive. Using Myod1Cre to drive Prmt5 knockout in embryonic myoblasts (Prmt5MKO), we dissected the role of PRMT5 in myogenesis. The Prmt5MKO mice are born normally but exhibit progressive muscle atrophy and premature death. Prmt5MKO inhibits proliferation and promotes premature differentiation of embryonic myoblasts, reducing the number and regenerative function of satellite cells in postnatal mice. Mechanistically, PRMT5 methylates and destabilizes FoxO1. Prmt5MKO increases the total FoxO1 level and promotes its cytoplasmic accumulation, leading to activation of autophagy and depletion of lipid droplets (LDs). Systemic inhibition of autophagy in Prmt5MKO mice restores LDs in myoblasts and moderately improves muscle regeneration. Together, PRMT5 is essential for muscle development and regeneration at least partially through mediating FoxO1 methylation and LD turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Stephanie N Oprescu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Madigan M Snyder
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Aran Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Zhihao Jia
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Feng Yue
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Ando Y, Odawara E, Sakai H, Sato F, Kamei J. Placental extract suppresses lipid droplet accumulation by autophagy during the differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells into mature adipocytes. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:338. [PMID: 37974253 PMCID: PMC10655368 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06622-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Placental extract, which contains various bioactive compounds, has been used as traditional medicine. Many studies have demonstrated additional applications of placental extract and provided a scientific basis for the broad spectrum of its effects. We have previously reported that porcine placental extract (PPE) strongly suppresses adipogenesis in a 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cell line, inhibiting differentiation. This study aimed to examine the effect of PPE on the accumulation of lipid droplets (LD) in adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (ASC). RESULTS The study findings revealed that PPE decreased the size of LD during the differentiation of ASC into mature adipocytes. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that PPE increased the gene expression of lysosomal acid lipase A (Lipa), a lipolysis-related gene, in ASC-differentiated adipocytes. However, no differences were noted in the adipocyte differentiation markers (Pparg, Cebpa, and Adipoq), or the adipogenesis-related genes (Dgat1, Dgat2, Fasn, Soat1, and Soat2). In addition, PPE promoted autophagosome formation, which was partially co-localized with the LD, indicating that PPE accelerated the degradation of LD by inducing autophagy (termed lipophagy) during the differentiation of ASC into mature adipocytes. These results suggest that the use of PPE may be a potential novel treatment for regulating adipogenesis for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ando
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, 350-0295, Saitama, Japan
| | - Eri Odawara
- Laboratory for Bioanalysis and Onco-Pharmaceutics, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 1428501, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Sato
- Laboratory for Bioanalysis and Onco-Pharmaceutics, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Junzo Kamei
- Juntendo Advanced Research Institute for Health Science, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
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Mastoridou EM, Goussia AC, Kanavaros P, Charchanti AV. Involvement of Lipophagy and Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy in the Pathogenesis of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Regulation of Lipid Droplets. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15891. [PMID: 37958873 PMCID: PMC10649352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined as the accumulation of lipids in the form of lipid droplets in more than 5% of hepatocytes. It is regarded as a range of diverse pathologies, including simple steatosis and steatohepatitis. The structural characteristics of lipid droplets, along with their protein composition, mainly including perilipins, have been implicated in the etiology of the disease. These proteins have garnered increasing attention as a pivotal regulator since their levels and distinct expression appear to be associated with the progression from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis. Perilipins are target proteins of chaperone-mediated autophagy, and their degradation is a prerequisite for lipolysis and lipophagy to access the lipid core. Both lipophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy have significant implications on the development of the disease, as evidenced by their upregulation during the initial phases of simple steatosis and their subsequent downregulation once steatosis is established. On the contrary, during steatohepatitis, the process of chaperone-mediated autophagy is enhanced, although lipophagy remains suppressed. Evidently, the reduced levels of autophagic pathways observed in simple steatosis serve as a defensive mechanism against lipotoxicity. Conversely, in steatohepatitis, chaperone-mediated autophagy fails to compensate for the continuous generation of small lipid droplets and thus cannot protect hepatocytes from lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria M. Mastoridou
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.M.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Anna C. Goussia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Panagiotis Kanavaros
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.M.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Antonia V. Charchanti
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.M.M.); (P.K.)
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Metur SP, Klionsky DJ. SPART links autophagy machinery and lipid droplets in motor neurons. Autophagy 2023; 19:2835-2836. [PMID: 37573517 PMCID: PMC10549182 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2247311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, in the form of lipophagy, is an important catabolic pathway mediating the degradation of lipid droplets and mobilization of lipids for physiological function. However, the molecular mechanism and the protein receptors that link lipid droplets/LDs to the autophagy machinery remain unknown. Here, we discuss a recent study by Chung et al. that identifies SPART as the receptor for autophagy of lipid droplets that plays an important role in the turnover of triglycerides in motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shree Padma Metur
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel J. Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Ji X, Chen J, You C, Sun J, Xu X. Leflunomide alleviates obesity via activation of the TAK1-AMPK pathway and induction of lipophagy. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23227. [PMID: 37792678 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301162r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipophagy is a subset of selective autophagy that specifically degrades lipid droplets and plays an important role in obesity. Leflunomide treatment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients has been associated with weight loss and decreased blood glucose levels, which cannot be attributed to its known side effects. Our prior studies showed that A77 1726, the active metabolite of leflunomide, acts as an inhibitor of S6K1 to sensitize the insulin receptor and control hyperglycemia. Whether the anti-obesity effect of leflunomide is mediated by targeting S6K1 and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we report that A77 1726 induced LC3 lipidation and increased the formation of autophagosomes and lipoautolysosomes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by activating TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), and Unc-51 like autophagy-activated kinase 1 (ULK1). A77 1726 reduced the content of lipid droplets in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, which was blocked by bafilomycin or by beclin-1 knockdown. Similar observations were made in murine adipocytes differentiated from S6K1-/- embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Leflunomide treatment restricted bodyweight gains in ob/ob mice and reduced the visceral fat deposit and the size of adipocytes. Leflunomide treatment induced autophagy in adipose and liver tissues and reduced hepatic lipid contents. Consistently, S6K1 knockout increased the levels of LC3 lipidation in the liver, muscle, and fat of S6K-/- mice. Leflunomide treatment and S6K1 deficiency both induced TAK1, AMPK, and ULK1 phosphorylation in these tissues. These observations collectively suggest that leflunomide controls obesity in part by activating AMPK and inducing lipophagy. Our study provides insights into the mechanisms of leflunomide-mediated anti-obesity activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Ji
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China
| | - Junhong Chen
- School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Chaoying You
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiulong Xu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Ibrahim M, Ferreira G, Venter EA, Botha CJ. Cytotoxicity, morphological and ultrastructural effects induced by the neonicotinoid pesticide, imidacloprid, using a rat Leydig cell line (LC-540). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 104:104310. [PMID: 37926370 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid is a systemic neonicotinoid insecticide widely used to combat agricultural pests and flea infestations in dogs and cats. Despite its low toxicity to mammals, imidacloprid is reported to cause male reproductive toxicity. This study evaluated the cytotoxic effects of 75-800 μM imidacloprid on a rat Leydig cell line (LC-540). The effect of exposure to 300, 400, and 500 µM imidacloprid on selected cytoskeletal proteins, mitochondrial morphology, lysosomal acidity, and ultrastructure were investigated. Cell viability was markedly reduced after 48 and 72 h of exposure to higher imidacloprid concentrations. The immunocytochemical analysis revealed that the cytoskeletal filaments exhibited disorganization, disruption, and perinuclear aggregation in treated LC-540 cells. Ultrastructurally, cytoplasmic vacuoles, autophagic vacuoles, lysosomes, and mitochondrial damage were detected. Changes in the mitochondrial morphology and lysosomes induced by imidacloprid were confirmed. The cytotoxicity of imidacloprid observed in LC-540 cells might be due to its mitochondrial damage and cytoskeletal protein disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Ibrahim
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
| | - Gch Ferreira
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| | - E A Venter
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| | - C J Botha
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
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50
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Yang T, Qu X, Wang X, Xu D, Sheng M, Lin Y, Ke M, Song C, Xia Q, Jiang L, Li J, Farmer DG, Ke B. The macrophage STING-YAP axis controls hepatic steatosis by promoting the autophagic degradation of lipid droplets. Hepatology 2023:01515467-990000000-00616. [PMID: 37870294 PMCID: PMC11035483 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The hallmark of NAFLD or hepatic steatosis is characterized by lipid droplet (LD) accumulation in hepatocytes. Autophagy may have profound effects on lipid metabolism and innate immune response. However, how innate immune activation may regulate the autophagic degradation of intracellular LDs remains elusive. APPROACH AND RESULTS A mouse model of a high-fat diet-induced NASH was used in the myeloid-specific stimulator of interferon genes (STING) knockout or STING/yes-associated protein (YAP) double knockout mice. Liver injury, lipid accumulation, lipid droplet proteins, autophagic genes, chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with massively parallel sequencing, and RNA-Seq were assessed in vivo and in vitro . We found that high-fat diet-induced oxidative stress activates STING and YAP pathways in hepatic macrophages. The acrophage STING deficiency (myeloid-specific STING knockout) enhances nuclear YAP activity, reduces lipid accumulation, and increases autophagy-related proteins ATG5, ATG7, and light chain 3B but diminishes LD protein perilipin 2 expression. However, disruption of STING and YAP (myeloid STING and YAP double knockout) increases serum alanine aminotransferase and triglyceride levels and reduces β-fatty acid oxidation gene expression but augments perilipin 2 levels, exacerbating high-fat diet-induced lipid deposition. Chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with massively parallel sequencing reveals that macrophage YAP targets transmembrane protein 205 and activates AMP-activated protein kinase α, which interacts with hepatocyte mitofusin 2 and induces protein disulfide isomerase activation. Protein disulfide isomerase activates hypoxia-inducible factor-1α signaling, increases autophagosome colocalization with LDs, and promotes the degradation of perilipin 2 by interacting with chaperone-mediated autophagy chaperone HSC70. CONCLUSIONS The macrophage STING-YAP axis controls hepatic steatosis by reprogramming lipid metabolism in a transmembrane protein 205/mitofusin 2/protein disulfide isomerase-dependent pathway. These findings highlight the regulatory mechanism of the macrophage STING-driven YAP activity on lipid control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoye Qu
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongwei Xu
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingwei Sheng
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yuanbang Lin
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael Ke
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ci Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Longfeng Jiang
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Douglas G. Farmer
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Bibo Ke
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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