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Qi K, Cao F, Wang J, Wang Y, Li G. miR-652-3p Suppressed the Protective Effects of Isoflurane Against Myocardial Injury in Hypoxia/Reoxygenation by Targeting ISL1. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024; 24:646-655. [PMID: 38801481 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-024-09870-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
This research is concentrated on investigating the role and mechanism of miR-652-3p in the protective effects of isoflurane (ISO) against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. H9c2 cells underwent pretreatment with varying concentrations of ISO, and subsequently, a hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model was constructed. The levels of miR-652-3p, ISL LIM homeobox 1 (ISL1), and inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were evaluated through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to investigate concentrations of myocardial injury markers, such as creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI). Cell counting kit-8 was used to evaluate cell viability, while flow cytometry was utilized to measure apoptosis. Additionally, a dual luciferase reporter assay was conducted to validate the targeting relationship between ISL1 and miR-652-3p. Herein, we confirmed that the level of miR-652-3p was gradually increased with prolonged hypoxia; nevertheless, this increase was suppressed by ISO pretreatment (P < 0.05). Additionally, ISO pretreatment prevented the decrease in cell viability, increase in apoptosis, and overproduction of IL-6, TNF-α, CK-MB, and cTnI induced by H/R (P < 0.05). However, the inhibitory effects of ISO were counteracted by the increased levels of miR-652-3p (P < 0.05). ISL1 is a potential target of miR-652-3p. H/R induction suppressed ISL1 levels compared to the control, but ISO treatment increased its expression (P < 0.05). Overexpression of ISL1 inhibited the elimination of the protective effect of ISO on myocardial damage induced by the elevation of miR-652-3p (P < 0.05). The findings of this research confirm that miR-652-3p attenuated the protective effect of ISO on cardiomyocytes in myocardial ischemia by targeting ISL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, 366, Taishan Street, Taishan District, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Operating Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, 366, Taishan Street, Taishan District, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Guohua Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, 366, Taishan Street, Taishan District, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China.
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Zhu Z, Zou Q, Wang C, Li D, Yang Y, Xiao Y, Jin Y, Yan J, Luo L, Sun Y, Liang X. Isl Identifies the Extraembryonic Mesodermal/Allantois Progenitors and is Required for Placenta Morphogenesis and Vasculature Formation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2400238. [PMID: 38923264 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The placenta links feto-maternal circulation for exchanges of nutrients, gases, and metabolic wastes between the fetus and mother, being essential for pregnancy process and maintenance. The allantois and mesodermal components of amnion, chorion, and yolk sac are derived from extraembryonic mesoderm (Ex-Mes), however, the mechanisms contributing to distinct components of the placenta and regulation the interactions between allantois and epithelium during chorioallantoic fusion and labyrinth formation remains unclear. Isl1 is expressed in progenitors of the Ex-Mes and allantois the Isl1 mut mouse line is analyzed to investigate contribution of Isl1+ Ex-Mes / allantoic progenitors to cells of the allantois and placenta. This study shows that Isl1 identifies the Ex-Mes progenitors for endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, and most of the mesenchymal cells of the placenta and umbilical cord. Deletion of Isl1 causes defects in allantois growth, chorioallantoic fusion, and placenta vessel morphogenesis. RNA-seq and CUT&Tag analyses revealed that Isl1 promotes allantoic endothelial, inhibits mesenchymal cell differentiation, and allantoic signals regulated by Isl1 mediating the inductive interactions between the allantois and chorion critical for chorionic epithelium differentiation, villous formation, and labyrinth angiogenesis. This study above reveals that Isl1 plays roles in regulating multiple genetic and epigenetic pathways of vascular morphogenesis, provides the insight into the mechanisms for placental formation, highlighting the necessity of Isl1 for placenta formation/pregnant maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyue Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Qicheng Zou
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Chunxiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Dixi Li
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Yao Jin
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Lina Luo
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Yunfu Sun
- Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Xingqun Liang
- Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China
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Hou X, Fan W, Zeng J, Gao Z, Wan J, Liao B. Generation of a ISL1 homozygous knockout stem cell line (WAe009-A-1G) by episomal vector-based CRISPR/Cas9 system. Stem Cell Res 2024; 76:103376. [PMID: 38452706 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2024.103376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The ISL LIM homeobox 1 (ISL1) gene belongs to the LIM/homeodomain transcription factor family and plays a pivotal role in conveying multipotent and proliferative properties of cardiac precursor cells. Mutations in ISL1 are linked to congenital heart disease. To further explore ISL1's role in the human heart, we have created a homozygous ISL1 knockout (ISL1-KO) human embryonic stem cell line using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Notably, this ISL1-KO cell line retains normal morphology, pluripotency, and karyotype. This resource serves as a valuable tool for investigating ISL1's function in cardiomyocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Hou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Cardiovascular Surgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Dysfunction, Luzhou 646000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases), Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases), Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Zhen Gao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Juyi Wan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Dysfunction, Luzhou 646000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases), Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Bin Liao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Dysfunction, Luzhou 646000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases), Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, PR China.
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Chen R, Zhang G, Sun K, Chen AF. Aging-Associated ALKBH5-m 6A Modification Exacerbates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis Via AT-Rich Interaction Domain 2. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e031353. [PMID: 38156523 PMCID: PMC10863816 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.031353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy-induced cardiovascular disease is a growing concern in the elderly population who have survived cancer, yet the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. We investigated the role of ALKBH5 (AlkB homolog 5), a primary N6-methyladenosine (m6A) demethylase, and its involvement in m6A methylation-mediated regulation of targets in aging-associated doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. METHODS AND RESULTS To validate the relationship between doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and aging, we established young and old male mouse models. ALKBH5 expression was modulated through adeno-associated virus 9 (in vivo), Lentivirus, and siRNAs (in vitro) to examine its impact on cardiomyocyte m6A modification, doxorubicin-induced cardiac dysfunction, and remodeling. We performed mRNA sequencing, methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing, and molecular assays to unravel the mechanism of ALKBH5-m6A modification in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Our data revealed an age-dependent increase in doxorubicin-induced cardiac dysfunction, remodeling, and injury. ALKBH5 expression was elevated in aging mouse hearts, leading to reduced global m6A modification levels. Through mRNA sequencing and methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing analyses, we identified ARID2 (AT-rich interaction domain 2) as the downstream effector of ALKBH5-m6A modulation in cardiomyocytes. Further investigations revealed that ARID2 modulates DNA damage response and enhances doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide insights into the role of ALKBH5-m6A modification in modulating doxorubicin-induced cardiac dysfunction, remodeling, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in male mice. These results highlight the potential of ALKBH5-targeted treatments for elderly patients with cancer in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runtai Chen
- Center for Vascular Disease and Translational MedicineThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Department of CardiologyThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Guogang Zhang
- Center for Vascular Disease and Translational MedicineThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Department of CardiologyThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Kun Sun
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Alex F. Chen
- Center for Vascular Disease and Translational MedicineThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Department of CardiologyThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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Gouhier A, Dumoulin-Gagnon J, Lapointe-Roberge V, Harris J, Balsalobre A, Drouin J. Pioneer factor Pax7 initiates two-step cell-cycle-dependent chromatin opening. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2024; 31:92-101. [PMID: 38177665 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01152-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Pioneer transcription factors direct cell differentiation by deploying new enhancer repertoires through their unique ability to target and initiate remodelling of closed chromatin. The initial steps of their action remain undefined, although pioneers have been shown to interact with nucleosomal target DNA and with some chromatin-remodeling complexes. We now define the sequence of events that enables the pioneer Pax7 with its unique abilities. Chromatin condensation exerted by linker histone H1 is the first constraint on Pax7 recruitment, and this establishes the initial speed of chromatin remodeling. The first step of pioneer action involves recruitment of the KDM1A (LSD1) H3K9me2 demethylase for removal of this repressive mark, as well as recruitment of the MLL complex for deposition of the activating H3K4me1 mark. Further progression of pioneer action requires passage through cell division, and this involves dissociation of pioneer targets from perinuclear lamin B. Only then are the SWI-SNF remodeling complex and the coactivator p300 recruited, leading to nucleosome displacement and enhancer activation. Thus, the unique features of pioneer actions are those occurring in the lamin-associated compartment of the nucleus. This model is consistent with previous work that showed a dependence on cell division for establishment of new cell fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Gouhier
- Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM) Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Justine Dumoulin-Gagnon
- Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM) Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincent Lapointe-Roberge
- Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM) Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Juliette Harris
- Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM) Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aurelio Balsalobre
- Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM) Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jacques Drouin
- Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM) Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Département de Biochimie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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He X, Dutta S, Liang J, Paul C, Huang W, Xu M, Chang V, Ao I, Wang Y. Direct cellular reprogramming techniques for cardiovascular regenerative therapeutics. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2024; 102:1-13. [PMID: 37903419 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2023-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain a leading cause of hospitalization affecting approximately 38 million people worldwide. While pharmacological and revascularization techniques can improve the patient's survival and quality of life, they cannot help reversing myocardial infarction injury and heart failure. Direct reprogramming of somatic cells to cardiomyocyte and cardiac progenitor cells offers a new approach to cellular reprogramming and paves the way for translational regenerative medicine. Direct reprogramming can bypass the pluripotent stage with the potential advantage of non-immunogenic cell products, reduced carcinogenic risk, and no requirement for embryonic tissue. The process of directly reprogramming cardiac cells was first achieved through the overexpression of transcription factors such as GATA4, MEF2C, and TBX5. However, over the past decade, significant work has been focused on enhancing direct reprogramming using a mixture of transcription factors, microRNAs, and small molecules to achieve cardiac cell fate. This review discusses the evolution of direct reprogramming, recent progress in achieving efficient cardiac cell fate conversion, and describes the reprogramming mechanisms at a molecular level. We also explore various viral and non-viral delivery methods currently being used to aid in the delivery of reprogramming factors to improve efficiency. However, further studies will be needed to overcome molecular and epigenetic barriers to successfully achieve translational cardiac regenerative therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu He
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory MedicineCollege of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0529, USA
| | - Suchandrima Dutta
- Department of Internal MedicineCollege of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0529, USA
| | - Jialiang Liang
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory MedicineCollege of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0529, USA
| | - Christian Paul
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory MedicineCollege of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0529, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory MedicineCollege of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0529, USA
| | - Meifeng Xu
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory MedicineCollege of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0529, USA
| | - Vivian Chang
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory MedicineCollege of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0529, USA
| | - Ian Ao
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory MedicineCollege of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0529, USA
| | - Yigang Wang
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory MedicineCollege of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0529, USA
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Dobreva G, Heineke J. Inter- and Intracellular Signaling Pathways. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1441:271-294. [PMID: 38884717 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, both congenital and acquired, are the leading cause of death worldwide, associated with significant health consequences and economic burden. Due to major advances in surgical procedures, most patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) survive into adulthood but suffer from previously unrecognized long-term consequences, such as early-onset heart failure. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms resulting in heart defects and the lifelong complications due to hemodynamic overload are of utmost importance. Congenital heart disease arises in the first trimester of pregnancy, due to defects in the complex morphogenetic patterning of the heart. This process is coordinated through a complicated web of intercellular communication between the epicardium, the endocardium, and the myocardium. In the postnatal heart, similar crosstalk between cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts exists during pathological hemodynamic overload that emerges as a consequence of a congenital heart defect. Ultimately, communication between cells triggers the activation of intracellular signaling circuits, which allow fine coordination of cardiac development and function. Here, we review the inter- and intracellular signaling mechanisms in the heart as they were discovered mainly in genetically modified mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergana Dobreva
- ECAS (European Center for Angioscience), Department of Cardiovascular Genomics and Epigenomics, Mannheim Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Joerg Heineke
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany.
- ECAS (European Center for Angioscience), Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Mannheim Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
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8
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Buckingham M, Kelly RG. Cardiac Progenitor Cells of the First and Second Heart Fields. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1441:103-124. [PMID: 38884707 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The heart forms from the first and second heart fields, which contribute to distinct regions of the myocardium. This is supported by clonal analyses, which identify corresponding first and second cardiac cell lineages in the heart. Progenitor cells of the second heart field and its sub-domains are controlled by a gene regulatory network and signaling pathways, which determine their behavior. Multipotent cells in this field can also contribute cardiac endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Furthermore, the skeletal muscles of the head and neck are clonally related to myocardial cells that form the arterial and venous poles of the heart. These lineage relationships, together with the genes that regulate the heart fields, have major implications for congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Buckingham
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
| | - Robert G Kelly
- Aix Marseille Université, Institut de Biologie du Dévelopment de Marseille, Marseille, France.
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Shafi O, Siddiqui G, Jaffry HA. The benign nature and rare occurrence of cardiac myxoma as a possible consequence of the limited cardiac proliferative/ regenerative potential: a systematic review. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1245. [PMID: 38110859 PMCID: PMC10726542 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11723-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac Myxoma is a primary tumor of heart. Its origins, rarity of the occurrence of primary cardiac tumors and how it may be related to limited cardiac regenerative potential, are not yet entirely known. This study investigates the key cardiac genes/ transcription factors (TFs) and signaling pathways to understand these important questions. METHODS Databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar were searched for published articles without any date restrictions, involving cardiac myxoma, cardiac genes/TFs/signaling pathways and their roles in cardiogenesis, proliferation, differentiation, key interactions and tumorigenesis, with focus on cardiomyocytes. RESULTS The cardiac genetic landscape is governed by a very tight control between proliferation and differentiation-related genes/TFs/pathways. Cardiac myxoma originates possibly as a consequence of dysregulations in the gene expression of differentiation regulators including Tbx5, GATA4, HAND1/2, MYOCD, HOPX, BMPs. Such dysregulations switch the expression of cardiomyocytes into progenitor-like state in cardiac myxoma development by dysregulating Isl1, Baf60 complex, Wnt, FGF, Notch, Mef2c and others. The Nkx2-5 and MSX2 contribute predominantly to both proliferation and differentiation of Cardiac Progenitor Cells (CPCs), may possibly serve roles based on the microenvironment and the direction of cell circuitry in cardiac tumorigenesis. The Nkx2-5 in cardiac myxoma may serve to limit progression of tumorigenesis as it has massive control over the proliferation of CPCs. The cardiac cell type-specific genetic programming plays governing role in controlling the tumorigenesis and regenerative potential. CONCLUSION The cardiomyocytes have very limited proliferative and regenerative potential. They survive for long periods of time and tightly maintain the gene expression of differentiation genes such as Tbx5, GATA4 that interact with tumor suppressors (TS) and exert TS like effect. The total effect such gene expression exerts is responsible for the rare occurrence and benign nature of primary cardiac tumors. This prevents the progression of tumorigenesis. But this also limits the regenerative and proliferative potential of cardiomyocytes. Cardiac Myxoma develops as a consequence of dysregulations in these key genes which revert the cells towards progenitor-like state, hallmark of CM. The CM development in carney complex also signifies the role of TS in cardiac cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovais Shafi
- Sindh Medical College - Jinnah Sindh Medical University / Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Ghazia Siddiqui
- Sindh Medical College - Jinnah Sindh Medical University / Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hassam A Jaffry
- Sindh Medical College - Jinnah Sindh Medical University / Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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Katano W, Mori S, Sasaki S, Tajika Y, Tomita K, Takeuchi JK, Koshiba-Takeuchi K. Sall1 and Sall4 cooperatively interact with Myocd and SRF to promote cardiomyocyte proliferation by regulating CDK and cyclin genes. Development 2023; 150:dev201913. [PMID: 38014633 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Sall1 and Sall4 (Sall1/4), zinc-finger transcription factors, are expressed in the progenitors of the second heart field (SHF) and in cardiomyocytes during the early stages of mouse development. To understand the function of Sall1/4 in heart development, we generated heart-specific Sall1/4 functionally inhibited mice by forced expression of the truncated form of Sall4 (ΔSall4) in the heart. The ΔSall4-overexpression mice exhibited a hypoplastic right ventricle and outflow tract, both of which were derived from the SHF, and a thinner ventricular wall. We found that the numbers of proliferative SHF progenitors and cardiomyocytes were reduced in ΔSall4-overexpression mice. RNA-sequencing data showed that Sall1/4 act upstream of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and cyclin genes, and of key transcription factor genes for the development of compact cardiomyocytes, including myocardin (Myocd) and serum response factor (Srf). In addition, ChIP-sequencing and co-immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that Sall4 and Myocd form a transcriptional complex with SRF, and directly bind to the upstream regulatory regions of the CDK and cyclin genes (Cdk1 and Ccnb1). These results suggest that Sall1/4 are critical for the proliferation of cardiac cells via regulation of CDK and cyclin genes that interact with Myocd and SRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Katano
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| | - Shunta Mori
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Applied Biosciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| | - Shun Sasaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| | - Yuki Tajika
- Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
- Department of Radiological Technology, Gunma Prefectural College of Health Sciences, 323-1, Kamioki-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0052, Japan
| | - Koichi Tomita
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Jun K Takeuchi
- Department of Bio-informational Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuko Koshiba-Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Applied Biosciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
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Schmidt C, Deyett A, Ilmer T, Haendeler S, Torres Caballero A, Novatchkova M, Netzer MA, Ceci Ginistrelli L, Mancheno Juncosa E, Bhattacharya T, Mujadzic A, Pimpale L, Jahnel SM, Cirigliano M, Reumann D, Tavernini K, Papai N, Hering S, Hofbauer P, Mendjan S. Multi-chamber cardioids unravel human heart development and cardiac defects. Cell 2023; 186:5587-5605.e27. [PMID: 38029745 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The number one cause of human fetal death are defects in heart development. Because the human embryonic heart is inaccessible and the impacts of mutations, drugs, and environmental factors on the specialized functions of different heart compartments are not captured by in vitro models, determining the underlying causes is difficult. Here, we established a human cardioid platform that recapitulates the development of all major embryonic heart compartments, including right and left ventricles, atria, outflow tract, and atrioventricular canal. By leveraging 2D and 3D differentiation, we efficiently generated progenitor subsets with distinct first, anterior, and posterior second heart field identities. This advance enabled the reproducible generation of cardioids with compartment-specific in vivo-like gene expression profiles, morphologies, and functions. We used this platform to unravel the ontogeny of signal and contraction propagation between interacting heart chambers and dissect how mutations, teratogens, and drugs cause compartment-specific defects in the developing human heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Schmidt
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna, and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alison Deyett
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna, and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Ilmer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; FH Campus Wien, Favoritenstraße 226, 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Haendeler
- Center for Integrative Bioinformatics Vienna, Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna, and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Aranxa Torres Caballero
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Novatchkova
- Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael A Netzer
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lavinia Ceci Ginistrelli
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna, and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Estela Mancheno Juncosa
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna, and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanishta Bhattacharya
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Amra Mujadzic
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lokesh Pimpale
- HeartBeat.bio AG, Dr. Bohr Gasse 7, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan M Jahnel
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Cirigliano
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Reumann
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna, and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katherina Tavernini
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna, and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nora Papai
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna, and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Steffen Hering
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Pablo Hofbauer
- HeartBeat.bio AG, Dr. Bohr Gasse 7, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sasha Mendjan
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
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12
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Edwards W, Bussey OK, Conlon FL. The Tbx20-TLE interaction is essential for the maintenance of the second heart field. Development 2023; 150:dev201677. [PMID: 37756602 PMCID: PMC10629681 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
T-box transcription factor 20 (Tbx20) plays a multifaceted role in cardiac morphogenesis and controls a broad gene regulatory network. However, the mechanism by which Tbx20 activates and represses target genes in a tissue-specific and temporal manner remains unclear. Studies show that Tbx20 directly interacts with the Transducin-like Enhancer of Split (TLE) family of proteins to mediate transcriptional repression. However, a function for the Tbx20-TLE transcriptional repression complex during heart development has yet to be established. We created a mouse model with a two amino acid substitution in the Tbx20 EH1 domain, thereby disrupting the Tbx20-TLE interaction. Disruption of this interaction impaired crucial morphogenic events, including cardiac looping and chamber formation. Transcriptional profiling of Tbx20EH1Mut hearts and analysis of putative direct targets revealed misexpression of the retinoic acid pathway and cardiac progenitor genes. Further, we show that altered cardiac progenitor development and function contribute to the severe cardiac defects in our model. Our studies indicate that TLE-mediated repression is a primary mechanism by which Tbx20 controls gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Edwards
- Department of Biology and Genetics, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Integrative Program for Biological & Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Olivia K. Bussey
- Department of Biology and Genetics, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Integrative Program for Biological & Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Frank L. Conlon
- Department of Biology and Genetics, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Integrative Program for Biological & Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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13
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Stathopoulou A, Wang P, Thellier C, Kelly RG, Zheng D, Scambler PJ. CHARGE syndrome-associated CHD7 acts at ISL1-regulated enhancers to modulate second heart field gene expression. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:2089-2105. [PMID: 37052590 PMCID: PMC10478754 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Haploinsufficiency of the chromo-domain protein CHD7 underlies most cases of CHARGE syndrome, a multisystem birth defect including congenital heart malformation. Context specific roles for CHD7 in various stem, progenitor, and differentiated cell lineages have been reported. Previously, we showed severe defects when Chd7 is absent from cardiopharyngeal mesoderm (CPM). Here, we investigate altered gene expression in the CPM and identify specific CHD7-bound target genes with known roles in the morphogenesis of affected structures. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated conditional KO of Chd7 in CPM and analysed cardiac progenitor cells using transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses, in vivo expression analysis, and bioinformatic comparisons with existing datasets. We show CHD7 is required for correct expression of several genes established as major players in cardiac development, especially within the second heart field (SHF). We identified CHD7 binding sites in cardiac progenitor cells and found strong association with histone marks suggestive of dynamically regulated enhancers during the mesodermal to cardiac progenitor transition of mESC differentiation. Moreover, CHD7 shares a subset of its target sites with ISL1, a pioneer transcription factor in the cardiogenic gene regulatory network, including one enhancer modulating Fgf10 expression in SHF progenitor cells vs. differentiating cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION We show that CHD7 interacts with ISL1, binds ISL1-regulated cardiac enhancers, and modulates gene expression across the mesodermal heart fields during cardiac morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia Stathopoulou
- Developmental Biology of Birth Defects, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Robert G Kelly
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS UMR 7288, IBDM, Marseille, France
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Peter J Scambler
- Developmental Biology of Birth Defects, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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14
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Liu Q, Liu X, Wang G, Wu F, Hou Y, Liu H. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of Astragalus and Danshen on the intervention of myofibroblast activation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:325. [PMID: 37667288 PMCID: PMC10478235 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02601-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a chronic progressive interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology, is characterized by continuous damage to alveolar epithelial cells, abnormal repair of alveolar tissue, and alveolar wall scar formation. Currently, the recommended treatment for IPF in Western medicine is relatively limited. In contrast, traditional Chinese medicine and compound prescriptions show advantages in the diagnosis and treatment of IPF, which can be attributed to their multi-channel and multi-target characteristics and minimal side-effects. The purpose of this study was to further corroborate the effectiveness and significance of the traditional Chinese medications Astragalus and Danshen in IPF treatment. METHODS We performed whole-genome methylation analysis on nine rat lung tissue samples to determine the epigenetic variation between IPF and non-fibrotic lungs using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions. RESULTS We identified differentially methylated regions and 105 associated key functional genes in samples related to IPF and Chinese medicine treatment. Based on the methylation levels and gene expression profiles between the Chinese medicine intervention and pulmonary fibrosis model groups, we speculated that Astragalus and Salvia miltiorrhiza (traditionally known as Danshen) act on the Isl1, forkhead box O3, and Sonic hedgehog genes via regulation at transcriptional and epigenetic levels during IPF. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide novel insights into the epigenetic regulation of IPF, indicate the effectiveness of Astragalus and Danshen in treating IPF, and suggest several promising therapeutic targets for preventing and treating IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyin Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 4655, Daxue Road, University Science Park, Changqing District, Jinan City, 250355, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369, Jing Shi Road, Jinan City, 250013, China
| | - Guoyu Wang
- Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xizhang Road, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 4655, Daxue Road, University Science Park, Changqing District, Jinan City, 250355, China
| | - Yuan Hou
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369, Jing Shi Road, Jinan City, 250013, China
| | - Huaman Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369, Jing Shi Road, Jinan City, 250013, China.
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15
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Velichkova G, Dobreva G. Human pluripotent stem cell-based models of heart development and disease. Cells Dev 2023; 175:203857. [PMID: 37257755 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The heart is a complex organ composed of distinct cell types, such as cardiomyocytes, cardiac fibroblasts, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, neuronal cells and immune cells. All these cell types contribute to the structural, electrical and mechanical properties of the heart. Genetic manipulation and lineage tracing studies in mice have been instrumental in gaining critical insights into the networks regulating cardiac cell lineage specification, cell fate and plasticity. Such knowledge has been of fundamental importance for the development of efficient protocols for the directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in highly specialized cardiac cell types. In this review, we summarize the evolution and current advances in protocols for cardiac subtype specification, maturation, and assembly in cardiac microtissues and organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Velichkova
- Department of Cardiovascular Genomics and Epigenomics, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gergana Dobreva
- Department of Cardiovascular Genomics and Epigenomics, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Germany.
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16
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Alzamrooni A, Mendes Vieira P, Murciano N, Wolton M, Schubert FR, Robson SC, Dietrich S. Cardiac competence of the paraxial head mesoderm fades concomitant with a shift towards the head skeletal muscle programme. Dev Biol 2023; 501:39-59. [PMID: 37301464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The vertebrate head mesoderm provides the heart, the great vessels, some smooth and most head skeletal muscle, in addition to parts of the skull. It has been speculated that the ability to generate cardiac and smooth muscle is the evolutionary ground-state of the tissue. However, whether indeed the entire head mesoderm has generic cardiac competence, how long this may last, and what happens as cardiac competence fades, is not clear. Bone morphogenetic proteins (Bmps) are known to promote cardiogenesis. Using 41 different marker genes in the chicken embryo, we show that the paraxial head mesoderm that normally does not engage in cardiogenesis has the ability to respond to Bmp for a long time. However, Bmp signals are interpreted differently at different time points. Up to early head fold stages, the paraxial head mesoderm is able to read Bmps as signal to engage in the cardiac programme; the ability to upregulate smooth muscle markers is retained slightly longer. Notably, as cardiac competence fades, Bmp promotes the head skeletal muscle programme instead. The switch from cardiac to skeletal muscle competence is Wnt-independent as Wnt caudalises the head mesoderm and also suppresses Msc-inducing Bmp provided by the prechordal plate, thus suppressing both the cardiac and the head skeletal muscle programmes. Our study for the first time suggests a specific transition state in the embryo when cardiac competence is replaced by skeletal muscle competence. It sets the stage to unravel the cardiac-skeletal muscle antagonism that is known to partially collapse in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afnan Alzamrooni
- Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Petra Mendes Vieira
- Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Nicoletta Murciano
- Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK; Nanion Technologies GmbH, Ganghoferstr. 70A, DE - 80339, München, Germany; Saarland University, Theoretical Medicine and Biosciences, Kirrbergerstr. 100, DE - 66424, Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthew Wolton
- Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Frank R Schubert
- Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Samuel C Robson
- Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Susanne Dietrich
- Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.
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17
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Zhuang XX, Liu T, Wei LB, Gao JR. Construction of chronic glomerulonephritis‑related lncRNA‑mRNA regulatory network and lncRNA‑-miRNA‑mRNA ceRNA network by bioinformatics analysis. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:403. [PMID: 37522060 PMCID: PMC10375445 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are ncRNA transcripts >200 nucleotides that are important genetic regulators. LncRNAs can directly regulate mRNA through a lncRNA-mRNA regulatory mode and can also regulate mRNA through competitive binding to micro (mi)RNA, which is generally known as the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. The present study evaluated the functional roles and regulatory networks of lncRNAs in chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN). The proliferative ability of mouse glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) induced by different concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs in LPS-induced GMCs. Based on the sequencing results, six lncRNAs were selected for validation using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Furthermore, the lncRNA-mRNA regulatory network and the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network were constructed to assess the role and mechanism of CGN-related lncRNAs. To elucidate the biological functions of lncRNAs, Gene Ontology (GO) biological process term enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed on all mRNAs involved in the lncRNA-mRNA regulatory network and in the ceRNA network. A total of 1,532 differentially expressed lncRNAs, including 594 upregulated lncRNAs and 938 downregulated lncRNAs, were identified using RNA-seq. The results of RT-qPCR validation were consistent with RNA-seq results. An lncRNA-mRNA regulatory network, including 236 lncRNAs and 556 mRNAs, and a ceRNA network, including 6 lncRNAs, 18 miRNAs and 419 mRNAs, were successfully constructed. The GO biological process term enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses demonstrated that those lncRNAs were often related to inflammatory response and substance metabolism. The present study identified key CGN-related lncRNAs in LPS-induced GMCs, and further demonstrated a global view of the lncRNA-mRNA regulatory network and ceRNA network involved in CGN. These results offered novel insights into the roles of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of CGN and identified potential diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Xing Zhuang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chaohu, Anhui 238000, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China
| | - Liang-Bing Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Rong Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China
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18
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Astrof S, Arriagada C, Saijoh Y, Francou A, Kelly RG, Moon A. Aberrant differentiation of second heart field mesoderm prefigures cellular defects in the outflow tract in response to loss of FGF8. Dev Biol 2023; 499:10-21. [PMID: 37060937 PMCID: PMC10686765 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Development of the outflow tract of the heart requires specification, proliferation and deployment of a progenitor cell population from the second heart field to generate the myocardium at the arterial pole of the heart. Disruption of these processes leads to lethal defects in rotation and septation of the outflow tract. We previously showed that Fibroblast Growth Factor 8 (FGF8) directs a signaling cascade in the second heart field that regulates critical aspects of OFT morphogenesis. Here we show that in addition to the survival and proliferation cues previously described, FGF8 provides instructive and patterning information to OFT myocardial cells and their progenitors that prevents their aberrant differentiation along a working myocardial program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Astrof
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Cecilia Arriagada
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Yukio Saijoh
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Alexandre Francou
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7288, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Robert G Kelly
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7288, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Moon
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, PA, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Hess Center for Science and Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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19
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Plaisance I, Chouvardas P, Sun Y, Nemir M, Aghagolzadeh P, Aminfar F, Shen S, Shim WJ, Rochais F, Johnson R, Palpant N, Pedrazzini T. A transposable element into the human long noncoding RNA CARMEN is a switch for cardiac precursor cell specification. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1361-1376. [PMID: 36537036 PMCID: PMC10262180 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS The major cardiac cell types composing the adult heart arise from common multipotent precursor cells. Cardiac lineage decisions are guided by extrinsic and cell-autonomous factors, including recently discovered long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). The human lncRNA CARMEN, which is known to dictate specification toward the cardiomyocyte (CM) and the smooth muscle cell (SMC) fates, generates a diversity of alternatively spliced isoforms. METHODS AND RESULTS The CARMEN locus can be manipulated to direct human primary cardiac precursor cells (CPCs) into specific cardiovascular fates. Investigating CARMEN isoform usage in differentiating CPCs represents therefore a unique opportunity to uncover isoform-specific functions in lncRNAs. Here, we identify one CARMEN isoform, CARMEN-201, to be crucial for SMC commitment. CARMEN-201 activity is encoded within an alternatively spliced exon containing a MIRc short interspersed nuclear element. This element binds the transcriptional repressor REST (RE1 Silencing Transcription Factor), targets it to cardiogenic loci, including ISL1, IRX1, IRX5, and SFRP1, and thereby blocks the CM gene program. In turn, genes regulating SMC differentiation are induced. CONCLUSIONS These data show how a critical physiological switch is wired by alternative splicing and functional transposable elements in a long noncoding RNA. They further demonstrated the crucial importance of the lncRNA isoform CARMEN-201 in SMC specification during heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Plaisance
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Division of Cardiology, University of Lausanne Medical School, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Yuliangzi Sun
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mohamed Nemir
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Division of Cardiology, University of Lausanne Medical School, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Parisa Aghagolzadeh
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Division of Cardiology, University of Lausanne Medical School, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Farhang Aminfar
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Division of Cardiology, University of Lausanne Medical School, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Shen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Woo Jun Shim
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Francesca Rochais
- Aix Marseille University, Marseille Medical Genetics, INSERM, U1251, Marseille, France
| | - Rory Johnson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nathan Palpant
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Thierry Pedrazzini
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Division of Cardiology, University of Lausanne Medical School, Lausanne, Switzerland
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20
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Bohuslavova R, Fabriciova V, Lebrón-Mora L, Malfatti J, Smolik O, Valihrach L, Benesova S, Zucha D, Berkova Z, Saudek F, Evans SM, Pavlinkova G. ISL1 controls pancreatic alpha cell fate and beta cell maturation. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:53. [PMID: 36899442 PMCID: PMC9999528 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose homeostasis is dependent on functional pancreatic α and ß cells. The mechanisms underlying the generation and maturation of these endocrine cells remain unclear. RESULTS We unravel the molecular mode of action of ISL1 in controlling α cell fate and the formation of functional ß cells in the pancreas. By combining transgenic mouse models, transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling, we uncover that elimination of Isl1 results in a diabetic phenotype with a complete loss of α cells, disrupted pancreatic islet architecture, downregulation of key ß-cell regulators and maturation markers of ß cells, and an enrichment in an intermediate endocrine progenitor transcriptomic profile. CONCLUSIONS Mechanistically, apart from the altered transcriptome of pancreatic endocrine cells, Isl1 elimination results in altered silencing H3K27me3 histone modifications in the promoter regions of genes that are essential for endocrine cell differentiation. Our results thus show that ISL1 transcriptionally and epigenetically controls α cell fate competence, and ß cell maturation, suggesting that ISL1 is a critical component for generating functional α and ß cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Bohuslavova
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenetics, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, 25250, Vestec, Czechia.
| | - Valeria Fabriciova
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenetics, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, 25250, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Laura Lebrón-Mora
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenetics, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, 25250, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Jessica Malfatti
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenetics, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, 25250, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Smolik
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenetics, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, 25250, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Lukas Valihrach
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, 25250, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Sarka Benesova
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, 25250, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Daniel Zucha
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, 25250, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Zuzana Berkova
- Laboratory of Pancreatic Islets, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021, Prague, Czechia
| | - Frantisek Saudek
- Laboratory of Pancreatic Islets, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021, Prague, Czechia
| | - Sylvia M Evans
- Department of Pharmacology; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gabriela Pavlinkova
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenetics, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, 25250, Vestec, Czechia.
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21
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Păun O, Tan YX, Patel H, Strohbuecker S, Ghanate A, Cobolli-Gigli C, Llorian Sopena M, Gerontogianni L, Goldstone R, Ang SL, Guillemot F, Dias C. Pioneer factor ASCL1 cooperates with the mSWI/SNF complex at distal regulatory elements to regulate human neural differentiation. Genes Dev 2023; 37:218-242. [PMID: 36931659 PMCID: PMC10111863 DOI: 10.1101/gad.350269.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Pioneer transcription factors are thought to play pivotal roles in developmental processes by binding nucleosomal DNA to activate gene expression, though mechanisms through which pioneer transcription factors remodel chromatin remain unclear. Here, using single-cell transcriptomics, we show that endogenous expression of neurogenic transcription factor ASCL1, considered a classical pioneer factor, defines a transient population of progenitors in human neural differentiation. Testing ASCL1's pioneer function using a knockout model to define the unbound state, we found that endogenous expression of ASCL1 drives progenitor differentiation by cis-regulation both as a classical pioneer factor and as a nonpioneer remodeler, where ASCL1 binds permissive chromatin to induce chromatin conformation changes. ASCL1 interacts with BAF SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes, primarily at targets where it acts as a nonpioneer factor, and we provide evidence for codependent DNA binding and remodeling at a subset of ASCL1 and SWI/SNF cotargets. Our findings provide new insights into ASCL1 function regulating activation of long-range regulatory elements in human neurogenesis and uncover a novel mechanism of its chromatin remodeling function codependent on partner ATPase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Păun
- Neural Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Xuan Tan
- Neural Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Harshil Patel
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Science and Technology Platform, the Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Strohbuecker
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Science and Technology Platform, the Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Avinash Ghanate
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Science and Technology Platform, the Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Clementina Cobolli-Gigli
- Neural Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Miriam Llorian Sopena
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Science and Technology Platform, the Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Lina Gerontogianni
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Science and Technology Platform, the Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Goldstone
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Science and Technology Platform, the Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Siew-Lan Ang
- Neural Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - François Guillemot
- Neural Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom;
| | - Cristina Dias
- Neural Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom;
- Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
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22
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Yin XY, Chen HX, Chen Z, Yang Q, Han J, He GW. Genetic Variants of ISL1 Gene Promoter Identified from Congenital Tetralogy of Fallot Patients Alter Cellular Function Forming Disease Basis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020358. [PMID: 36830727 PMCID: PMC9953631 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease in newborns. ISL1 is a master transcription factor in second heart field development, whereas the roles of ISL1 gene promoter variants in TOF patients have not been genetically investigated. Total DNA extraction from 601 human subjects, including 308 TOF patients and 293 healthy controls, and Sanger sequencing were performed. Four variants (including one novel heterozygous variant) within the ISL1 gene promoter were only found in TOF patients. Functional analysis of DNA sequence variants was performed by using the dual-luciferase reporter assay and demonstrated that three of the four variants significantly decreased the transcriptional activity of ISL1 gene promoter in HL-1 cells (p < 0.05). Further, the online JASPAR database and electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that the three variants affected the binding of transcription factors and altered ISL1 expression levels. In conclusion, the current study for the first time demonstrated that the variants identified from the ISL1 gene promoter region are likely involved in the development of TOF by affecting the transcriptional activity and altering the ISL1 expression level. Therefore, these findings may provide new insights into the molecular etiology and potential therapeutic strategy of TOF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Yun Yin
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300457, China
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research & Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Huan-Xin Chen
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300457, China
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research & Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Qin Yang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jun Han
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research & Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Guo-Wei He
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300457, China
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research & Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +86-22-6520-9089
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23
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Gene-Edited Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines to Elucidate DAND5 Function throughout Cardiac Differentiation. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040520. [PMID: 36831187 PMCID: PMC9954670 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The contribution of gene-specific variants for congenital heart disease, one of the most common congenital disabilities, is still far from our complete understanding. Here, we applied a disease model using human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to evaluate the function of DAND5 on human cardiomyocyte (CM) differentiation and proliferation. (2) Methods: Taking advantage of our DAND5 patient-derived iPSC line, we used CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing to generate a set of isogenic hiPSCs (DAND5-corrected and DAND5 full-mutant). The hiPSCs were differentiated into CMs, and RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence profiled the expression of cardiac markers. Cardiomyocyte proliferation was analysed by flow cytometry. Furthermore, we used a multi-electrode array (MEA) to study the functional electrophysiology of DAND5 hiPSC-CMs. (3) Results: The results indicated that hiPSC-CM proliferation is affected by DAND5 levels. Cardiomyocytes derived from a DAND5 full-mutant hiPSC line are more proliferative when compared with gene-corrected hiPSC-CMs. Moreover, parallel cardiac differentiations showed a differential cardiac gene expression profile, with upregulated cardiac progenitor markers in DAND5-KO hiPSC-CMs. Microelectrode array (MEA) measurements demonstrated that DAND5-KO hiPSC-CMs showed prolonged field potential duration and increased spontaneous beating rates. In addition, conduction velocity is reduced in the monolayers of hiPSC-CMs with full-mutant genotype. (4) Conclusions: The absence of DAND5 sustains the proliferation of hiPSC-CMs, which alters their electrophysiological maturation properties. These results using DAND5 hiPSC-CMs consolidate the findings of the in vitro and in vivo mouse models, now in a translational perspective. Altogether, the data will help elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying this human heart disease and potentiates new therapies for treating adult CHD.
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24
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Dominguez MH, Krup AL, Muncie JM, Bruneau BG. Graded mesoderm assembly governs cell fate and morphogenesis of the early mammalian heart. Cell 2023; 186:479-496.e23. [PMID: 36736300 PMCID: PMC10091855 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Using four-dimensional whole-embryo light sheet imaging with improved and accessible computational tools, we longitudinally reconstruct early murine cardiac development at single-cell resolution. Nascent mesoderm progenitors form opposing density and motility gradients, converting the temporal birth sequence of gastrulation into a spatial anterolateral-to-posteromedial arrangement. Migrating precardiac mesoderm does not strictly preserve cellular neighbor relationships, and spatial patterns only become solidified as the cardiac crescent emerges. Progenitors undergo a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, with a first heart field (FHF) ridge apposing a motile juxta-cardiac field (JCF). Anchored along the ridge, the FHF epithelium rotates the JCF forward to form the initial heart tube, along with push-pull morphodynamics of the second heart field. In Mesp1 mutants that fail to make a cardiac crescent, mesoderm remains highly motile but directionally incoherent, resulting in density gradient inversion. Our practicable live embryo imaging approach defines spatial origins and behaviors of cardiac progenitors and identifies their unanticipated morphological transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin H Dominguez
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Alexis Leigh Krup
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Benoit G Bruneau
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Human Genetics, and Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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25
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Lopez LV, Camberos V, Bailey LL, Hasaniya N, Ramos C, Hughes L, Knox C, Kearns-Jonker MK. MicroRNA Expression in the Infarcted Heart Following Neonatal Cardiovascular Progenitor Cell Transplantation in a Sheep Model of Stem Cell-Based Repair. Cell Transplant 2022; 31:9636897221136787. [PMID: 36564913 PMCID: PMC9793054 DOI: 10.1177/09636897221136787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarctions affect approximately 735,000 people annually in the United States and have a substantial impact on quality of life. Neonates have an enhanced capability of repairing cardiovascular damage, while adults do not. The mechanistic basis for this age-dependent difference in regenerative capacity remains unknown. Recent studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a significant role in regulating the regenerative ability of cardiovascular cells. This report defines the alterations in miRNA expression within the cardiovascular repair zone of infarcted sheep hearts following intracardiac injection of neonatal islet-1+ cardiovascular progenitor cells. Sheep were infarcted via left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. After 3 to 4 weeks of infarction, sheep neonatal islet-1+ cardiovascular progenitor cells were injected into the infarcted area for repair. Cell-treated sheep were euthanized 2 months following cell injection, and their hearts were harvested for the analysis of miRNA and gene expression within the cardiovascular repair zone. Ten miRNAs were differentially regulated in vivo, including miR-99, miR-100, miR-302a, miR-208a, miR-665, miR-1, miR-499a, miR-34a, miR-133a, and miR-199a. These miRNAs promote stemness, cell division, and survival. Several signaling pathways are regulated by these miRNAs, including Hippo, Wnt, and Erythroblastic Leukemia Viral Oncogene B (ERBB). Transcripts encoding Wnt, ERBB, and Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) were elevated in vivo in the infarct repair zone. Wnt5a signaling and ERBB/NRG1 transcripts contribute to activation of Yes-Associated Protein 1. MiRNAs that impact proliferation, cell survival, and signaling pathways that promote regeneration were induced during cardiovascular repair in the sheep model. This information can be used to design new approaches for the optimization of miRNA-based treatments for the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry V. Lopez
- Department of Pathology and Human
Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Victor Camberos
- Department of Pathology and Human
Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Leonard L. Bailey
- Department of Cardiovascular and
Thoracic Surgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA,
USA
| | - Nahidh Hasaniya
- Department of Cardiovascular and
Thoracic Surgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA,
USA
| | - Christopher Ramos
- Department of Pathology and Human
Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Lorelei Hughes
- Department of Pathology and Human
Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Cole Knox
- Department of Pathology and Human
Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Mary K. Kearns-Jonker
- Department of Pathology and Human
Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA,Mary K. Kearns-Jonker, Department of
Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma
Linda, CA 92350, USA.
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26
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Larcombe MR, Hsu S, Polo JM, Knaupp AS. Indirect Mechanisms of Transcription Factor-Mediated Gene Regulation during Cell Fate Changes. ADVANCED GENETICS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2022; 3:2200015. [PMID: 36911290 PMCID: PMC9993476 DOI: 10.1002/ggn2.202200015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are the master regulators of cellular identity, capable of driving cell fate transitions including differentiations, reprogramming, and transdifferentiations. Pioneer TFs recognize partial motifs exposed on nucleosomal DNA, allowing for TF-mediated activation of repressed chromatin. Moreover, there is evidence suggesting that certain TFs can repress actively expressed genes either directly through interactions with accessible regulatory elements or indirectly through mechanisms that impact the expression, activity, or localization of other regulatory factors. Recent evidence suggests that during reprogramming, the reprogramming TFs initiate opening of chromatin regions rich in somatic TF motifs that are inaccessible in the initial and final cellular states. It is postulated that analogous to a sponge, these transiently accessible regions "soak up" somatic TFs, hence lowering the initial barriers to cell fate changes. This indirect TF-mediated gene regulation event, which is aptly named the "sponge effect," may play an essential role in the silencing of the somatic transcriptional network during different cellular conversions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Larcombe
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoria3168Australia
- Development and Stem Cells ProgramMonash Biomedicine Discovery InstituteClaytonVictoria3168Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVictoria3168Australia
| | - Sheng Hsu
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoria3168Australia
- Development and Stem Cells ProgramMonash Biomedicine Discovery InstituteClaytonVictoria3168Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVictoria3168Australia
| | - Jose M. Polo
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoria3168Australia
- Development and Stem Cells ProgramMonash Biomedicine Discovery InstituteClaytonVictoria3168Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVictoria3168Australia
- South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth Australia5005Australia
- Adelaide Centre for Epigenetics, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth Australia5005Australia
| | - Anja S. Knaupp
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoria3168Australia
- Development and Stem Cells ProgramMonash Biomedicine Discovery InstituteClaytonVictoria3168Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVictoria3168Australia
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27
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The pioneering function of the hox transcription factors. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022:S1084-9521(22)00354-8. [PMID: 36517345 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ever since the discovery that the Hox family of transcription factors establish morphological diversity in the developing embryo, major efforts have been directed towards understanding Hox-dependent patterning. This has led to important discoveries, notably on the mechanisms underlying the collinear expression of Hox genes and Hox binding specificity. More recently, several studies have provided evidence that Hox factors have the capacity to bind their targets in an inaccessible chromatin context and trigger the switch to an accessible, transcriptional permissive, chromatin state. In this review, we provide an overview of the evidences supporting that Hox factors behave as pioneer factors and discuss the potential mechanisms implicated in Hox pioneer activity as well as the significance of this functional property in Hox-dependent patterning.
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28
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Sarwar S, Shabana, Tahir A, Liaqat Z, Naseer S, Seme RS, Mehmood S, Shahid SU, Hasnain S. Study of variants associated with ventricular septal defects (VSDs) highlights the unique genetic structure of the Pakistani population. Ital J Pediatr 2022; 48:124. [PMID: 35870951 PMCID: PMC9308904 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-022-01323-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are one of the leading causes of death due to cardiac anomalies during the first months of life. The prevalence of VSD in neonates is reported up to 4%. Despite the remarkable progress in medication, treatment and surgical procedure for VSDs, the genetic etiology of VSDs is still in infancy because of the complex genetic and environmental interactions. Methods Three hundred fifty subjects (200 VSD children and 150 healthy controls) were recruited from different pediatric cardiac units. Pediatric clinical and demographic data were collected. A total of six variants, rs1017 (ISL1), rs7240256 (NFATc1), rs36208048 (VEGF), variant of HEY2, rs11067075 (TBX5) and rs1801133 (MTHFR) genes were genotyped by tetra-ARMS PCR and PCR–RFLP methods. Results The results showed that in cases, the rs1017 (g.16138A > T) variant in the ISL1 gene has an allele frequency of 0.42 and 0.58 respectively for the T and A alleles, and 0.75 and 0.25 respectively in the controls. The frequencies of the AA, TA and TT genotypes were, 52%, 11% and 37% in cases versus 21%, 8% and 71% respectively in the controls. For the NFATc1 variant rs7240256, minor allele frequency (MAF) was 0.43 in cases while 0.23 in controls. For the variant in the VEGF gene, genotype frequencies were 0% (A), 32% (CA) and 68% (CC) in cases and 0.0%, 33% and 67% respectively in controls. The allele frequency of C and A were 0.84 and 0.16 in cases and 0.83 and 0.17 respectively in controls. The TBX5 polymorphism rs11067075 (g.51682G > T) had an allelic frequency of 0.44 and 0.56 respectively for T and G alleles in cases, versus 0.26 and 0.74 in the controls. We did not detect the presence of the HEY2 gene variant (g.126117350A > C) in our pediatric cohort. For the rs1801133 (g.14783C > T) variant in the MTHFR gene, the genotype frequencies were 25% (CC), 62% (CT) and 13% (TT) in cases, versus 88%, 10% and 2% in controls. The ISL1, NFATc1, TBX5 and MTHFR variants were found to be in association with VSD in the Pakistani pediatric cohort whilst the VEGF and HEY2 variants were completely absent in our cohort. Conclusion We propose that a wider programme of genetic screening of the Pakistani population for genetic markers in heart development genes would be helpful in reducing the risk of VSDs.
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29
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Lamin A/C-dependent chromatin architecture safeguards naïve pluripotency to prevent aberrant cardiovascular cell fate and function. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6663. [PMID: 36333314 PMCID: PMC9636150 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight control of cell fate choices is crucial for normal development. Here we show that lamin A/C plays a key role in chromatin organization in embryonic stem cells (ESCs), which safeguards naïve pluripotency and ensures proper cell fate choices during cardiogenesis. We report changes in chromatin compaction and localization of cardiac genes in Lmna-/- ESCs resulting in precocious activation of a transcriptional program promoting cardiomyocyte versus endothelial cell fate. This is accompanied by premature cardiomyocyte differentiation, cell cycle withdrawal and abnormal contractility. Gata4 is activated by lamin A/C loss and Gata4 silencing or haploinsufficiency rescues the aberrant cardiovascular cell fate choices induced by lamin A/C deficiency. We uncover divergent functions of lamin A/C in naïve pluripotent stem cells and cardiomyocytes, which have distinct contributions to the transcriptional alterations of patients with LMNA-associated cardiomyopathy. We conclude that disruption of lamin A/C-dependent chromatin architecture in ESCs is a primary event in LMNA loss-of-function cardiomyopathy.
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30
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BMSCs overexpressed ISL1 reduces the apoptosis of islet cells through ANLN carrying exosome, INHBA, and caffeine. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:538. [DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04571-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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31
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Sierra-Pagan JE, Garry DJ. The regulatory role of pioneer factors during cardiovascular lineage specification – A mini review. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:972591. [PMID: 36082116 PMCID: PMC9445115 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.972591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the number one cause of death worldwide. Ischemic heart disease contributes to heart failure and has considerable morbidity and mortality. Therefore, alternative therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. One class of epigenetic regulators known as pioneer factors has emerged as an important tool for the development of regenerative therapies for the treatment of CVD. Pioneer factors bind closed chromatin and remodel it to drive lineage specification. Here, we review pioneer factors within the cardiovascular lineage, particularly during development and reprogramming and highlight the implications this field of research has for the future development of cardiac specific regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier E. Sierra-Pagan
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Daniel J. Garry
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- *Correspondence: Daniel J. Garry
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32
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Luzete-Monteiro E, Zaret KS. Structures and consequences of pioneer factor binding to nucleosomes. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2022; 75:102425. [PMID: 35863165 PMCID: PMC9976633 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2022.102425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Pioneer transcription factors are able to bind a partially exposed motif on the surface of a nucleosome, enabling the proteins to target sites in silent regions of chromatin that have been compacted by linker histone. The targeting of nucleosomal DNA by pioneer factors has been observed in vitro and in vivo, where binding can promote local nucleosome exposure that allows other transcription factors, nucleosome remodelers, and histone modifiers to engage the chromatin and elicit gene activation or further repression. Pioneer factors thereby establish new gene expression programs during cell fate changes that occur during embryonic development, regeneration, and cancer. Here, we review recent biophysical studies that reveal the structural features and strategies used by pioneer factors to accomplish nucleosome binding and the consequential changes to nucleosomes that can lead to DNA accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Luzete-Monteiro
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 9-131 SCTR, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104-5157, USA.,Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 433 S University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4544
| | - Kenneth S. Zaret
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 9-131 SCTR, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104-5157, USA
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33
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Okada D, Okamoto Y, Io T, Oka M, Kobayashi D, Ito S, Yamada R, Ishii K, Ono K. Comparative Study of Transcriptome in the Hearts Isolated from Mice, Rats, and Humans. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060859. [PMID: 35740984 PMCID: PMC9221511 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The heart is a significant organ in mammalian life, and the heartbeat mechanism has been an essential focus of science. However, few studies have focused on species differences. Accordingly, challenges remain in studying genes that have universal functions across species and genes that determine species differences. Here, we analyzed transcriptome data in mouse, rat, and human atria, ventricles, and sinoatrial nodes (SA) obtained from different platforms and compared them by calculating specificity measure (SPM) values in consideration of species differences. Among the three heart regions, the species differences in SA were the greatest, and we searched for genes that determined the essential characteristics of SA, which was SHOX2 in our criteria. The SPM value of SHOX2 was prominently high across species. Similarly, by calculating SPM values, we identified 3 atrial-specific, 11 ventricular-specific, and 17 SA-specific markers. Ontology analysis identified 70 cardiac region- and species-specific ontologies. These results suggest that reanalyzing existing data by calculating SPM values may identify novel tissue-specific genes and species-dependent gene expression. This study identified the importance of SHOX2 as an SA-specific transcription factor, a novel cardiac regional marker, and species-dependent ontologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daigo Okada
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoinkawahara-cho, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (D.O.); (R.Y.)
| | - Yosuke Okamoto
- Department of Cell Physiology, Akita Graduate School of Medicine, Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (D.K.); (S.I.); (K.O.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Toshiro Io
- Research Department, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kyutaromachi, Osaka 618-8585, Japan; (T.I.); (M.O.)
| | - Miho Oka
- Research Department, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kyutaromachi, Osaka 618-8585, Japan; (T.I.); (M.O.)
| | - Daiki Kobayashi
- Department of Cell Physiology, Akita Graduate School of Medicine, Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (D.K.); (S.I.); (K.O.)
| | - Suzuka Ito
- Department of Cell Physiology, Akita Graduate School of Medicine, Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (D.K.); (S.I.); (K.O.)
| | - Ryo Yamada
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoinkawahara-cho, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (D.O.); (R.Y.)
| | - Kuniaki Ishii
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of medicine, Yamagata University, Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan;
| | - Kyoichi Ono
- Department of Cell Physiology, Akita Graduate School of Medicine, Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (D.K.); (S.I.); (K.O.)
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Liu Y, Luan Y, Ma K, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Chen XL. ISL1 promotes human glioblastoma-derived stem cells self-renewal by activation of SHH/GLI1 function. Stem Cells Dev 2022; 31:258-268. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yingfei Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China., Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Luan
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China., China
| | - Kaige Ma
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China., China
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China., China
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China., China
| | - Xin-lin Chen
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China., Xi'an, Shaanxi, China,
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35
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Balsalobre A, Drouin J. Pioneer factors as master regulators of the epigenome and cell fate. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:449-464. [PMID: 35264768 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00464-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pioneer factors are transcription factors with the unique ability to initiate opening of closed chromatin. The stability of cell identity relies on robust mechanisms that maintain the epigenome and chromatin accessibility to transcription factors. Pioneer factors counter these mechanisms to implement new cell fates through binding of DNA target sites in closed chromatin and introduction of active-chromatin histone modifications, primarily at enhancers. As master regulators of enhancer activation, pioneers are thus crucial for the implementation of correct cell fate decisions in development, and as such, they hold tremendous potential for therapy through cellular reprogramming. The power of pioneer factors to reshape the epigenome also presents an Achilles heel, as their misexpression has major pathological consequences, such as in cancer. In this Review, we discuss the emerging mechanisms of pioneer factor functions and their roles in cell fate specification, cellular reprogramming and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Balsalobre
- Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques Drouin
- Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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36
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Ren J, Miao D, Li Y, Gao R. Spotlight on Isl1: A Key Player in Cardiovascular Development and Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:793605. [PMID: 34901033 PMCID: PMC8656156 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.793605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac transcription factors orchestrate a regulatory network controlling cardiovascular development. Isl1, a LIM-homeodomain transcription factor, acts as a key player in multiple organs during embryonic development. Its crucial roles in cardiovascular development have been elucidated by extensive studies, especially as a marker gene for the second heart field progenitors. Here, we summarize the roles of Isl1 in cardiovascular development and function, and outline its cellular and molecular modes of action, thus providing insights for the molecular basis of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Danxiu Miao
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanshu Li
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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37
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Impact of Age on Emergency Resource Utilization and Outcomes in Pediatric and Young Adult Patients Supported with a Ventricular Assist Device. ASAIO J 2021; 68:1074-1082. [PMID: 34743138 PMCID: PMC9061895 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000001603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There are minimal data describing outcomes in ambulatory pediatric and young adult ventricular assist device (VAD)-supported patient populations. We performed a retrospective analysis of encounter-level data from 2006 to 2017 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) to compare emergency department (ED) resource utilization and outcomes for pediatric (≤18 years, n = 494) to young adult (19-29 years, n = 2,074) VAD-supported patient encounters. Pediatric encounters were more likely to have a history of congenital heart disease (11.3% vs. 4.8%). However, Pediatric encounters had lower admission/transfer rates (37.8% vs. 57.8%) and median charges ($3,334 (IQR $1,473-$19,818) vs. $13,673 ($3,331-$45,884)) (all p < 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression modeling revealed that age itself was not a predictor of admission, instead high acuity primary diagnoses and medical complexity were: (adjusted odds ratio; 95% confidence intervals): cardiac (3.0; 1.6-5.4), infection (3.4; 1.7-6.5), bleeding (3.9; 1.7-8.8), device complication (7.2; 2.7-18.9), and ≥1 chronic comorbidity (4.1; 2.5-6.7). In this largest study to date describing ED resource use and outcomes for pediatric and young adult VAD-supported patients, we found that, rather than age, high acuity presentations and comorbidities were primary drivers of clinical outcomes. Thus, reducing morbidity in this population should target comorbidities and early recognition of VAD-related complications.
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38
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Advances in Cardiac Development and Regeneration Using Zebrafish as a Model System for High-Throughput Research. J Dev Biol 2021; 9:jdb9040040. [PMID: 34698193 PMCID: PMC8544412 DOI: 10.3390/jdb9040040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States and worldwide. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of cardiac development and regeneration will improve diagnostic and therapeutic interventions against heart disease. In this direction, zebrafish is an excellent model because several processes of zebrafish heart development are largely conserved in humans, and zebrafish has several advantages as a model organism. Zebrafish transcriptomic profiles undergo alterations during different stages of cardiac development and regeneration which are revealed by RNA-sequencing. ChIP-sequencing has detected genome-wide occupancy of histone post-translational modifications that epigenetically regulate gene expression and identified a locus with enhancer-like characteristics. ATAC-sequencing has identified active enhancers in cardiac progenitor cells during early developmental stages which overlap with occupancy of histone modifications of active transcription as determined by ChIP-sequencing. CRISPR-mediated editing of the zebrafish genome shows how chromatin modifiers and DNA-binding proteins regulate heart development, in association with crucial signaling pathways. Hence, more studies in this direction are essential to improve human health because they answer fundamental questions on cardiac development and regeneration, their differences, and why zebrafish hearts regenerate upon injury, unlike humans. This review focuses on some of the latest studies using state-of-the-art technology enabled by the elegant yet simple zebrafish.
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39
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Schott J, Reitter S, Lindner D, Grosser J, Bruer M, Shenoy A, Geiger T, Mathes A, Dobreva G, Stoecklin G. Nascent Ribo-Seq measures ribosomal loading time and reveals kinetic impact on ribosome density. Nat Methods 2021; 18:1068-1074. [PMID: 34480152 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-021-01250-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In general, mRNAs are assumed to be loaded with ribosomes instantly upon entry into the cytoplasm. To measure ribosome density (RD) on nascent mRNA, we developed nascent Ribo-Seq by combining Ribo-Seq with progressive 4-thiouridine labeling. In mouse macrophages, we determined experimentally the lag between the appearance of nascent mRNA and its association with ribosomes, which was calculated to be 20-22 min for bulk mRNA. In mouse embryonic stem cells, nRibo-Seq revealed an even stronger lag of 35-38 min in ribosome loading. After stimulation of macrophages with lipopolysaccharide, the lag between cytoplasmic and translated mRNA leads to uncoupling between input and ribosome-protected fragments, which gives rise to distorted RD measurements under conditions where mRNA amounts are far from steady-state expression. As a result, we demonstrate that transcriptional changes affect RD in a passive way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Schott
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany. .,Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sonja Reitter
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Doris Lindner
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Grosser
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marius Bruer
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anjana Shenoy
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamar Geiger
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Arthur Mathes
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gergana Dobreva
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg Stoecklin
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
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40
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Davidsen N, Rosenmai AK, Lauschke K, Svingen T, Vinggaard AM. Developmental effects of PFOS, PFOA and GenX in a 3D human induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation model. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 279:130624. [PMID: 34134420 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), including perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), are persistent pollutants routinely found in human blood. PFASs have been associated with health issues such as decreased birth weight and impaired vaccination response in children. Substitutes to these PFASs, such as ammonium 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)propanoate (GenX) have been introduced, although hazard information is limited. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) based models are valuable for studying these compounds, as they mimic human embryonic development. We used our recently developed PluriBeat assay to investigate PFOS, PFOA and GenX for effects on early embryonic development in vitro. In our assay hiPSCs go through the early stages of embryonic development in 3D cultures of embryoid bodies (EBs) that mimic the human blastocyst until they finally form beating cardiomyocytes. Both PFOS and PFOA had a strong effect on cardiomyocyte differentiation at non-cytotoxic concentrations, with PFOS being more potent than PFOA. Moreover, both compounds decreased EB size at the highest test concentrations. GenX induced a weak concentration-dependent effect on differentiation of one hiPSC line, but not of another. Transcriptional analysis of mRNA from the cardiomyocytes showed that PFOS increased expression of the early cardiac marker ISL1, whereas PFOA decreased expression of the cardiomyocyte marker MYH7. This suggest that PFOS and PFOA perturb cardiomyocyte differentiation by disrupting molecular pathways similar to those taking place in the developing embryo. Based on these findings, we conclude that our PluriBeat assay has the potential to become a valuable, sensitive model system for elucidating embryotoxic effects of PFASs in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichlas Davidsen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK, 2800, Denmark
| | | | - Karin Lauschke
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK, 2800, Denmark
| | - Terje Svingen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK, 2800, Denmark
| | - Anne Marie Vinggaard
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK, 2800, Denmark.
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41
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Amnion signals are essential for mesoderm formation in primates. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5126. [PMID: 34446705 PMCID: PMC8390679 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25186-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic development is largely conserved among mammals. However, certain genes show divergent functions. By generating a transcriptional atlas containing >30,000 cells from post-implantation non-human primate embryos, we uncover that ISL1, a gene with a well-established role in cardiogenesis, controls a gene regulatory network in primate amnion. CRISPR/Cas9-targeting of ISL1 results in non-human primate embryos which do not yield viable offspring, demonstrating that ISL1 is critically required in primate embryogenesis. On a cellular level, mutant ISL1 embryos display a failure in mesoderm formation due to reduced BMP4 signaling from the amnion. Via loss of function and rescue studies in human embryonic stem cells we confirm a similar role of ISL1 in human in vitro derived amnion. This study highlights the importance of the amnion as a signaling center during primate mesoderm formation and demonstrates the potential of in vitro primate model systems to dissect the genetics of early human embryonic development. Human and murine embryonic development has disparities, highlighting the need for primate systems. Here, the authors construct a post-implantation transcriptional atlas from non-human primate embryos and show ISL1 controls a gene regulatory network in the amnion required for mesoderm formation.
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42
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A BMP4-p38 MAPK signaling axis controls ISL1 protein stability and activity during cardiogenesis. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:1894-1905. [PMID: 34329593 PMCID: PMC8365108 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
During development, cells respond rapidly to intra- and intercellular signals, which induce signaling cascades regulating the activity of transcription factors at the transcriptional and/or post-translational level. The transcription factor ISL1 plays a key role in second heart field development and cardiac differentiation, and its mRNA levels are tightly regulated during cardiogenesis. Here, we show that a BMP-p38 MAPK signaling axis controls ISL1 protein function at the post-translational level. BMP-mediated activation of p38 MAPK leads to ISL1 phosphorylation at S269 by p38, which prevents ISL1 degradation and ensures its transcriptional activity during cardiogenesis. Interfering with p38 MAPK signaling leads to the degradation of ISL1 by the proteasome, resulting in defects in cardiomyocyte differentiation and impaired zebrafish and mouse heart morphogenesis and function. Given the critical role of the tight control of ISL1 activity during cardiac lineage diversification, modulation of BMP4-p38 MAPK signaling could direct differentiation into specific cardiac cell subpopulations. ISL1 is phosphorylated by p38 MAPK at serine 269 A BMP4-p38 MAPK signaling axis controls ISL1 protein stability Phosphorylation of ISL1 by p38 regulates its activity during cardiogenesis p38 Inhibition in vivo results in ISL1 degradation and second heart field defects
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43
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Zheng SQ, Chen HX, Liu XC, Yang Q, He GW. Identification of variants of ISL1 gene promoter and cellular functions in isolated ventricular septal defects. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C443-C452. [PMID: 34260301 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00167.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are the most common congenital heart defects (CHDs). Studies have documented that ISL1 has a crucial impact on cardiac growth, but the role of variants in the ISL1 gene promoter in patients with VSD has not been explored. In 400 subjects (200 patients with isolated and sporadic VSDs: 200 healthy controls), we investigated the ISL1 gene promoter variant and performed cellular functional experiments by using the dual-luciferase reporter assay to verify the impact on gene expression. In the ISL1 promoter, five variants were found only in patients with VSD by sequencing. Cellular functional experiments demonstrated that three variants decreased the transcriptional activity of the ISL1 promoter (P < 0.05). Further analysis with the online JASPAR database demonstrated that a cluster of putative binding sites for transcription factors may be altered by these variants, possibly resulting in change of ISL1 protein expression and VSD formation. Our study has, for the first time, identified novel variants in the ISL1 gene promoter region in the Han Chinese patients with isolated and sporadic VSD. In addition, the cellular functional experiments, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and bioinformatic analysis have demonstrated that these variants significantly alter the expression of the ISL1 gene and affect the binding of transcription factors, likely resulting in VSD. Therefore, this study may provide new insights into the role of the gene promoter region for a better understanding of genetic basis of the formation of CHDs and may promote further investigations on mechanism of the formation of CHDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Qiang Zheng
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan-Xin Chen
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Cheng Liu
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Yang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Wei He
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Drug Research and Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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44
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Zhou W, Ma T, Ding S. Non-viral approaches for somatic cell reprogramming into cardiomyocytes. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 122:28-36. [PMID: 34238675 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Heart disease is the leading cause of human deaths worldwide. Due to lacking cardiomyocytes with replicative capacity and cardiac progenitor cells with differentiation potential in adult hearts, massive loss of cardiomyocytes after ischemic events produces permanent damage, ultimately leading to heart failure. Cellular reprogramming is a promising strategy to regenerate heart by induction of cardiomyocytes from other cell types, such as cardiac fibroblasts. In contrast to conventional virus-based cardiac reprogramming, non-viral approaches greatly reduce the potential risk that includes disruption of genome integrity by integration of foreign DNAs, expression of exogenous genes with oncogenic potential, and appearance of partially reprogrammed cells harmful for the physiological functions of tissues/organs, which impedes their in-vivo applications. Here, we review the recent progress in development of non-viral approaches to directly reprogram somatic cells towards cardiomyocytes and their therapeutic application for heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tianhua Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sheng Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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45
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ISL1 promoted tumorigenesis and EMT via Aurora kinase A-induced activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in neuroblastoma. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:620. [PMID: 34131100 PMCID: PMC8206128 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03894-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid malignancy in children and its mortality rate is relatively high. However, driver genes of NB are not clearly identified. Using bioinformatics analysis, we determined the top 8 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in NB, including GFAP, PAX6, FOXG1, GAD1, PTPRC, ISL1, GRM5, and GATA3. Insulin gene enhancer binding protein 1 (ISL1) is a LIM homeodomain transcription factor which has been found to be highly expressed in a variety of malignant tumors, but the function of ISL1 in NB has not been fully elucidated. We identified ISL1 as an oncogene in NB. ISL1 is preferentially upregulated in NB tissues compared with normal tissues. High ISL1 expression is significantly associated with poor outcome of NB patients. Knockdown of ISL1 markedly represses proliferation and induces cell apoptosis in vitro, and suppresses tumorigenicity in vivo, while overexpression of ISL1 has the opposite effects. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that ISL1 promotes cell proliferation and EMT transformation through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by upregulating Aurora kinase A (AURKA), a serine-threonine kinase that is essential for the survival of NB cells. The blockade of AURKA attenuates the function of ISL1 overexpression in the regulation of cell proliferation and migration, Conclusively, this study showed that ISL1 targeted AURKA to facilitate the development of NB, which provided new insights into the tumorigenesis of NB. Thus, ISL1 may be a promising therapeutic target in the future.
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46
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Miyakawa M, Katada T, Numa Y, Kinoshita T. Transcriptional regulatory elements of hif1α in a distal locus of islet1 in Xenopus laevis. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 255:110598. [PMID: 33785414 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Adult mammalian hearts are not regenerative. However, recent studies have evidenced that hypoxia enhances their regeneration. Islet1 (isl1) is known as a cardiac progenitor marker, which is quiescent in adult mammal hearts. In Xenopus hearts, transcriptional activation of isl1 was shown during cardiac regeneration of froglets at 3 months after metamorphosis. In this study, we examined transcriptional regulation of isl1 focusing on hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (hif1α) in Xenopus heart. We found that hif1α expression was increased in response to cardiac injury and overexpression of hif1α upregulated mRNA expression of isl1. Multiple conservation analysis including 9 species revealed that 8 multiple conserved regions (MCRs) were present upstream of isl1. DNA sequence analysis using JASPAR showed hif1α binding motifs in MCRs. By luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis, we found that hif1α directly bound to hif1α motifs in the most distant MCR8 and showed a specific transcriptional activity on the MCR8. In the luciferase assay using constructs carrying MCR8 without a responsive motif of hif1α, the reporter activity was lost. Pharmacologically inhibition of hif1α affected isl1 transcription and downstream events including cardiac phenotypes, suggesting functional defects of islet1. Contrarily in murine hearts, transcription of isl1 was unresponsive even after cryoinjury to adult hearts while hif1α mRNA was induced. In comparative analysis of multiple alignment, hif1α elements present in MCR8 of Xenopus or zebrafish were found to be disrupted as species are evolutionarily distant from Xenopus and zebrafish. Our results suggested an altered switch of isl1 transcription between mammals and Xenopus laevis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Miyakawa
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Katada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Yunosuke Numa
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kinoshita
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan.
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47
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Transcriptional Regulation of Postnatal Cardiomyocyte Maturation and Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063288. [PMID: 33807107 PMCID: PMC8004589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During the postnatal period, mammalian cardiomyocytes undergo numerous maturational changes associated with increased cardiac function and output, including hypertrophic growth, cell cycle exit, sarcomeric protein isoform switching, and mitochondrial maturation. These changes come at the expense of loss of regenerative capacity of the heart, contributing to heart failure after cardiac injury in adults. While most studies focus on the transcriptional regulation of embryonic or adult cardiomyocytes, the transcriptional changes that occur during the postnatal period are relatively unknown. In this review, we focus on the transcriptional regulators responsible for these aspects of cardiomyocyte maturation during the postnatal period in mammals. By specifically highlighting this transitional period, we draw attention to critical processes in cardiomyocyte maturation with potential therapeutic implications in cardiovascular disease.
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Guo T, Bai YH, Cheng XJ, Han HB, Du H, Hu Y, Jia SQ, Xing XF, Ji JF. Insulin gene enhancer protein 1 mediates glycolysis and tumorigenesis of gastric cancer through regulating glucose transporter 4. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 41:258-272. [PMID: 33570246 PMCID: PMC7968886 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin gene enhancer protein 1, (ISL1), a LIM‐homeodomain transcription factor, is involved in multiple tumors and is associated with insulin secretion and metabolic phenotypes. However, the role of ISL1 in stimulating glycolysis to promote tumorigenesis in gastric cancer (GC) is unclear. In this study, we aimed to characterize the expression pattern of ISL1 in GC patients and explore its molecular biological mechanism in glycolysis and tumorigenesis. Methods We analyzed the expression and clinical significance of ISL1 in GC using immunohistochemistry and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Flow cytometry and IncuCyte assays were used to measure cell proliferation after ISL1 knockdown. RNA‐sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed genes, followed by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) to reveal key signaling pathways likely regulated by ISL1 in GC. Alteration of the glycolytic ability of GC cells with ISL1 knockdown was validated by measuring the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and by detecting glucose consumption and lactate production. The expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and ISL1 was assessed by Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescent microscopy. The luciferase reporter activity and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were performed to determine the transcriptional regulation of ISL1 on GLUT4. Results High levels of ISL1 and GLUT4 expression was associated with short survival of GC patients. ISL1 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. KEGG analysis and GSEA for RNA‐sequencing data indicated impairment of the glycolysis pathway in GC cells with ISL1 knockdown, which was validated by reduced glucose uptake and lactate production, decreased ECAR, and increased OCR. Mechanistic investigation indicated that ISL1 transcriptionally regulated GLUT4 through binding to its promoter. Conclusion ISL1 facilitates glycolysis and tumorigenesis in GC via the transcriptional regulation of GLUT4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Hua Bai
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jing Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Bo Han
- The Tissue Bank, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, P. R. China
| | - Hong Du
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, P. R. China
| | - Ying Hu
- The Tissue Bank, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Qin Jia
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Fang Xing
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Fu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, P. R. China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, P. R. China
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Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation Strongly Allied with Genetic Male Sterility Convertible to Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Kenaf. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031107. [PMID: 33498664 PMCID: PMC7866071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Male sterility (MS) plays a key role in the hybrid breed production of plants. Researchers have focused on the association between genetic male sterility (GMS) and cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in kenaf. In this study, P9BS (a natural GMS mutant of the kenaf line P9B) and male plants of P9B were used as parents in multiple backcross generations to produce P9SA, a CMS line with stable sterility, to explore the molecular mechanisms of the association between GMS and CMS. The anthers of the maintainer (P9B), GMS (P9BS), and CMS (P9SA) lines were compared through phenotypic, cell morphological, physiological, biochemical observations, and transcriptome analysis. Premature degradation of the tapetum was observed at the mononuclear stage in P9BS and P9SA, which also had lower activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes compared with P9B. Many coexpressed differentially expressed genes were related to ROS balance, including ATP synthase, electron chain transfer, and ROS scavenging processes were upregulated in P9B. CMS plants had a higher ROS accumulation than GMS plants. The MDA content in P9SA was 3.2 times that of P9BS, and therefore, a higher degree of abortion occurred in P9SA, which may indicate that the conversion between CMS and GMS is related to intracellular ROS accumulation. Our study adds new insights into the natural transformation of GMS and CMS in plants in general and kenaf in particular.
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Balafkan N, Mostafavi S, Schubert M, Siller R, Liang KX, Sullivan G, Bindoff LA. A method for differentiating human induced pluripotent stem cells toward functional cardiomyocytes in 96-well microplates. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18498. [PMID: 33116175 PMCID: PMC7595118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73656-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity of pluripotent stem cells both for self-renewal and to differentiate into any cell type have made them a powerful tool for studying human disease. Protocols for efficient differentiation towards cardiomyocytes using defined, serum-free culture medium combined with small molecules have been developed, but thus far, limited to larger formats. We adapted protocols for differentiating human pluripotent stem cells to functional human cardiomyocytes in a 96-well microplate format. The resulting cardiomyocytes expressed cardiac specific markers at the transcriptional and protein levels and had the electrophysiological properties that confirmed the presence of functional cardiomyocytes. We suggest that this protocol provides an incremental improvement and one that reduces the impact of heterogeneity by increasing inter-experimental replicates. We believe that this technique will improve the applicability of these cells for use in developmental biology and mechanistic studies of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Novin Balafkan
- Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sepideh Mostafavi
- Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Manja Schubert
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Richard Siller
- Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital, Domus Medica, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, P.O. Box 4950, 0424, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristina Xiao Liang
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gareth Sullivan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital, Domus Medica, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, P.O. Box 4950, 0424, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway.,Hybrid Technology Hub - Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | - Laurence A Bindoff
- Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. .,Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway. .,Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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