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Staruschenko A, Alexander RT, Caplan MJ, Ilatovskaya DV. Calcium signalling and transport in the kidney. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024; 20:541-555. [PMID: 38641658 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-024-00835-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The kidney plays a pivotal role in regulating calcium levels within the body. Approximately 98% of the filtered calcium is reabsorbed in the nephron, and this process is tightly controlled to maintain calcium homeostasis, which is required to facilitate optimal bone mineralization, preserve serum calcium levels within a narrow range, and support intracellular signalling mechanisms. The maintenance of these functions is attributed to a delicate balance achieved by various calcium channels, transporters, and calcium-binding proteins in renal cells. Perturbation of this balance due to deficiency or dysfunction of calcium channels and calcium-binding proteins can lead to severe complications. For example, polycystic kidney disease is linked to aberrant calcium transport and signalling. Furthermore, dysregulation of calcium levels can promote the formation of kidney stones. This Review provides an updated description of the key aspects of calcium handling in the kidney, focusing on the function of various calcium channels and the physiological stimuli that control these channels or are communicated through them. A discussion of the role of calcium as an intracellular second messenger and the pathophysiology of renal calcium dysregulation, as well as a summary of gaps in knowledge and future prospects, are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
- Hypertension and Kidney Research Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - R Todd Alexander
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Women's and Children's Health Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Michael J Caplan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daria V Ilatovskaya
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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2
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Rodrigues MC, Oliveira LBF, Vieira MAR, Caruso-Neves C, Peruchetti DB. Receptor-mediated endocytosis in kidney cells during physiological and pathological conditions. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2024; 93:1-25. [PMID: 39181576 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian cell membranes are very dynamic where they respond to several environmental stimuli by rearranging the membrane composition by basic biological processes, including endocytosis. In this context, receptor-mediated endocytosis, either clathrin-dependent or caveolae-dependent, is involved in different physiological and pathological conditions. In the last years, an important amount of evidence has been reported that kidney function involves the modulation of different types of endocytosis, including renal protein handling. In addition, the dysfunction of the endocytic machinery is involved with the development of proteinuria as well as glomerular and tubular injuries observed in kidney diseases associated with hypertension, diabetes, and others. In this present review, we will discuss the mechanisms underlying the receptor-mediated endocytosis in different glomerular cells and proximal tubule epithelial cells as well as their modulation by different factors during physiological and pathological conditions. These findings could help to expand the current understanding regarding renal protein handling as well as identify possible new therapeutic targets to halt the progression of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Laura B F Oliveira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida R Vieira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Celso Caruso-Neves
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Rio de Janeiro Innovation Network in Nanosystems for Health-NanoSAUDE/FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa, INCT-Regenera, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/MCTI, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Diogo B Peruchetti
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nanobiofarmacêutica, INCT-NANOBiofar, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/MCTI, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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3
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Chen M, Gu X. Emerging roles of proximal tubular endocytosis in renal fibrosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1235716. [PMID: 37799275 PMCID: PMC10547866 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1235716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis is a crucial component of many pathological conditions. The proximal tubules are responsible for reabsorbing the majority of filtered water and glucose, as well as all the proteins filtered through the glomerular barrier via endocytosis, indicating an essential role in kidney diseases. Genetic mutations or acquired insults could affect the proximal tubule endocytosis processes, by disturbing or overstressing the endolysosomal system and subsequently activating different pathways, orchestrating renal fibrosis. This paper will review recent studies on proximal tubular endocytosis affected by other diseases and factors. Endocytosis plays a vital role in the development of renal fibrosis, and renal fibrosis could also, in turn, affect tubular endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangchen Gu
- Department of Nephrology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medicine, Shanghai Hospital of Civil Aviation Administration of China, Shanghai, China
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Chen GL, Zeng B, Jiang H, Daskoulidou N, Saurabh R, Chitando RJ, Xu SZ. Ca 2+ Influx through TRPC Channels Is Regulated by Homocysteine-Copper Complexes. Biomolecules 2023; 13:952. [PMID: 37371532 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
An elevated level of circulating homocysteine (Hcy) has been regarded as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease; however, the clinical benefit of Hcy lowering-therapy is not satisfying. To explore potential unrevealed mechanisms, we investigated the roles of Ca2+ influx through TRPC channels and regulation by Hcy-copper complexes. Using primary cultured human aortic endothelial cells and HEK-293 T-REx cells with inducible TRPC gene expression, we found that Hcy increased the Ca2+ influx in vascular endothelial cells through the activation of TRPC4 and TRPC5. The activity of TRPC4 and TRPC5 was regulated by extracellular divalent copper (Cu2+) and Hcy. Hcy prevented channel activation by divalent copper, but monovalent copper (Cu+) had no effect on the TRPC channels. The glutamic acids (E542/E543) and the cysteine residue (C554) in the extracellular pore region of the TRPC4 channel mediated the effect of Hcy-copper complexes. The interaction of Hcy-copper significantly regulated endothelial proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Our results suggest that Hcy-copper complexes function as a new pair of endogenous regulators for TRPC channel activity. This finding gives a new understanding of the pathogenesis of hyperhomocysteinemia and may explain the unsatisfying clinical outcome of Hcy-lowering therapy and the potential benefit of copper-chelating therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Lan Chen
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Bo Zeng
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Hongni Jiang
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Nikoleta Daskoulidou
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Rahul Saurabh
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Rumbidzai J Chitando
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Shang-Zhong Xu
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
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Zheng X, Wan Y, Tao M, Yuan J, Zhang K, Wang J, Zhang Y, Liang P, Wu Q. Obstructor, a Frankliniella occidentalis protein, promotes transmission of tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus. INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 30:741-757. [PMID: 36342042 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) causes substantial economic losses to vegetables and other crops. TSWV is mainly transmitted by thrips in a persistent and proliferative manner, and its most efficient vector is the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). In moving from the thrips midgut to the salivary glands in preparation for transmission, the virions must overcome multiple barriers. Although several proteins that interact with TSWV in thrips have been characterized, we hypothesized that additional thrips proteins interact with TSWV and facilitate its transmission. In the current study, 67 F. occidentalis proteins that interact with GN (a structural glycoprotein) were identified using a split-ubiquitin membrane-based yeast 2-hybrid (MbY2H) system. Three proteins, apolipoprotein-D (ApoD), orai-2-like (Orai), and obstructor-E-like isoform X2 (Obst), were selected for further study based on their high abundance and interaction strength; their interactions with GN were confirmed by MbY2H, yeast β-galactosidase and luciferase complementation assays. The relative expressions of ApoD and Orai were significantly down-regulated but that of Obst was significantly up-regulated in viruliferous thrips. When interfering with Obst in larval stage, the TSWV acquisition rate in 3 independent experiments was significantly decreased by 26%, 40%, and 35%, respectively. In addition, when Obst was silenced in adults, the virus titer was significantly decreased, and the TSWV transmission rate decreased from 66.7% to 31.9% using the leaf disk method and from 86.67% to 43.33% using the living plant method. However, the TSWV acquisition and transmission rates were not affected by interference with the ApoD or Orai gene. The results indicate that Obst may play an important role in TSWV acquisition and transmission in Frankliniella occidentalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Zheng
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanran Wan
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangjiang Yuan
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Liang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingjun Wu
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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LncRNA MEG3 inhibits renal fibrinoid necrosis of diabetic nephropathy via the MEG3/miR-21/ORAI1 axis. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:3283-3295. [PMID: 36715789 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08254-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common and lethal diabetic complications worldwide and is associated with a high risk of mortality. However, the exact mechanism behind its development is unknown. The mesangial cells (MCs) and non-coding RNAs are critical for DN, but it is unknown whether a MEG3/miR-21/ORAI1 regulatory axis exists in MCs. Hence, in this study, we aimed to understand whether the MEG3/miR-21/ORAI1 regulatory axis has a role in the pathophysiology of DN. RESULTS We demonstrated that high-glucose stimuli downregulated MEG3 and ORAI1 expression while enhancing miR-21 expression. Exogenous miR-21 mimics inhibited ORAI1 expression, which was partially salvaged or reversed by MEG3 overexpression. Furthermore, RIP assay demonstrated that the beads labeled with AGO2 antibody could enrich more miR-21 and MEG3 than those labeled with control IgG antibody; both of them formed the RNA-induced silencing complex. Further, the biochemical indicators of db/db mice significantly improved, and renal fibrinoid necrosis was ameliorated using a miR-21 inhibitor. CONCLUSION The MEG3/miR-21/ORAI1 axis regulates the manifestation of DN in diabetic mice and MCs, and the miR-21 inhibitor can be a potential therapeutic strategy to alleviate DN, once the presence of such an axis is found in humans.
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Rubaiy HN. ORAI Calcium Channels: Regulation, Function, Pharmacology, and Therapeutic Targets. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:162. [PMID: 37259313 PMCID: PMC9967976 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The changes in intracellular free calcium (Ca2+) levels are one of the most widely regulators of cell function; therefore, calcium as a universal intracellular mediator is involved in very important human diseases and disorders. In many cells, Ca2+ inflow is mediated by store-operated calcium channels, and it is recognized that the store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) is mediated by the two partners: the pore-forming proteins Orai (Orai1-3) and the calcium store sensor, stromal interaction molecule (STIM1-2). Importantly, the Orai/STIM channels are involved in crucial cell signalling processes such as growth factors, neurotransmitters, and cytokines via interaction with protein tyrosine kinase coupled receptors and G protein-coupled receptors. Therefore, in recent years, the issue of Orai/STIM channels as a drug target in human diseases has received considerable attention. This review summarizes and highlights our current knowledge of the Orai/STIM channels in human diseases and disorders, including immunodeficiency, myopathy, tubular aggregate, Stormorken syndrome, York platelet syndrome, cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, and cancers, as well as suggesting these channels as drug targets for pharmacological therapeutic intervention. Moreover, this work will also focus on the pharmacological modulators of Orai/STIM channel complexes. Together, our thoughtful of the biology and physiology of the Orai/STIM channels have grown remarkably during the past three decades, and the next important milestone in the field of store-operated calcium entry will be to identify potent and selective small molecules as a therapeutic agent with the purpose to target human diseases and disorders for patient benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein N Rubaiy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, C1:68, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
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Staruschenko A, Ma R, Palygin O, Dryer SE. Ion channels and channelopathies in glomeruli. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:787-854. [PMID: 36007181 PMCID: PMC9662803 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00013.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An essential step in renal function entails the formation of an ultrafiltrate that is delivered to the renal tubules for subsequent processing. This process, known as glomerular filtration, is controlled by intrinsic regulatory systems and by paracrine, neuronal, and endocrine signals that converge onto glomerular cells. In addition, the characteristics of glomerular fluid flow, such as the glomerular filtration rate and the glomerular filtration fraction, play an important role in determining blood flow to the rest of the kidney. Consequently, disease processes that initially affect glomeruli are the most likely to lead to end-stage kidney failure. The cells that comprise the glomerular filter, especially podocytes and mesangial cells, express many different types of ion channels that regulate intrinsic aspects of cell function and cellular responses to the local environment, such as changes in glomerular capillary pressure. Dysregulation of glomerular ion channels, such as changes in TRPC6, can lead to devastating glomerular diseases, and a number of channels, including TRPC6, TRPC5, and various ionotropic receptors, are promising targets for drug development. This review discusses glomerular structure and glomerular disease processes. It also describes the types of plasma membrane ion channels that have been identified in glomerular cells, the physiological and pathophysiological contexts in which they operate, and the pathways by which they are regulated and dysregulated. The contributions of these channels to glomerular disease processes, such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and diabetic nephropathy, as well as the development of drugs that target these channels are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
- Hypertension and Kidney Research Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, Florida
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Stuart E Dryer
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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Tao Y, Mallet RT, Mathis KW, Ma R. Store-operated Ca 2+ channel signaling: Novel mechanism for podocyte injury in kidney disease. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 248:425-433. [PMID: 36533574 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221139187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies over the last decade have markedly broadened our understanding of store-operated Ca2+ channels (SOCs) and their roles in kidney diseases and podocyte dysfunction. Podocytes are terminally differentiated glomerular visceral epithelial cells which are tightly attached to the glomerular capillary basement membrane. Podocytes and their unique foot processes (pedicels) constitute the outer layer of the glomerular filtration membrane and the final barrier preventing filtration of albumin and other plasma proteins. Diabetic nephropathy and other renal diseases are associated with podocyte injury and proteinuria. Recent evidence demonstrates a pivotal role of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) in maintaining structural and functional integrity of podocytes. This article reviews the current knowledge of SOCE and its contributions to podocyte physiology. Recent studies of the contributions of SOC dysfunction to podocyte injury in both cell culture and animal models are discussed, including work in our laboratory. Several downstream signaling pathways mediating SOC function in podocytes also are examined. Understanding the pivotal roles of SOC in podocyte health and disease is essential, as SOCE-activated signaling pathways are potential treatment targets for podocyte injury-related kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tao
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Robert T Mallet
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Keisa W Mathis
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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Ahmadian E, Eftekhari A, Atakishizada S, Valiyeva M, Ardalan M, Khalilov R, Kavetskyy T. Podocytopathy: The role of actin cytoskeleton. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113920. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Human cancer cells generate spontaneous calcium transients and intercellular waves that modulate tumor growth. Biomaterials 2022; 290:121823. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Sivakumar S, Miellet S, Clarke C, Hartley PS. Insect nephrocyte function is regulated by a store operated calcium entry mechanism controlling endocytosis and Amnionless turnover. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 143:104453. [PMID: 36341969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2022.104453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Insect nephrocytes are ultrafiltration cells that remove circulating proteins and exogenous toxins from the haemolymph. Experimental disruption of nephrocyte development or function leads to systemic impairment of insect physiology as evidenced by cardiomyopathy, chronic activation of immune signalling and shortening of lifespan. The genetic and structural basis of the nephrocyte's ultrafiltration mechanism is conserved between arthropods and mammals, making them an attractive model for studying human renal function and systemic clearance mechanisms in general. Although dynamic changes to intracellular calcium are fundamental to the function of many cell types, there are currently no studies of intracellular calcium signalling in nephrocytes. In this work we aimed to characterise calcium signalling in the pericardial nephrocytes of Drosophila melanogaster. To achieve this, a genetically encoded calcium reporter (GCaMP6) was expressed in nephrocytes to monitor intracellular calcium both in vivo within larvae and in vitro within dissected adults. Larval nephrocytes exhibited stochastically timed calcium waves. A calcium signal could be initiated in preparations of adult nephrocytes and abolished by EGTA, or the store operated calcium entry (SOCE) blocker 2-APB, as well as RNAi mediated knockdown of the SOCE genes Stim and Orai. Neither the presence of calcium-free buffer nor EGTA affected the binding of the endocytic cargo albumin to nephrocytes but they did impair the subsequent accumulation of albumin within nephrocytes. Pre-treatment with EGTA, calcium-free buffer or 2-APB led to significantly reduced albumin binding. Knock-down of Stim and Orai was non-lethal, caused an increase to nephrocyte size and reduced albumin binding, reduced the abundance of the endocytic cargo receptor Amnionless and disrupted the localisation of Dumbfounded at the filtration slit diaphragm. These data indicate that pericardial nephrocytes exhibit stochastically timed calcium waves in vivo and that SOCE mediates the localisation of the endocytic co-receptor Amnionless. Identifying the signals both up and downstream of SOCE may highlight mechanisms relevant to the renal and excretory functions of a broad range of species, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi Sivakumar
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Dorset BH12 5BB, UK
| | - Sara Miellet
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Charlotte Clarke
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Dorset BH12 5BB, UK
| | - Paul S Hartley
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Dorset BH12 5BB, UK.
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Luo Q, Zhang J, Huang M, Lin G, Tanaka M, Lepler S, Guan J, Siemann D, Tang X. Automatic Multi-functional Integration Program (AMFIP) towards all-optical mechano-electrophysiology interrogation. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266098. [PMID: 35901062 PMCID: PMC9333221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Automatic operations of multi-functional and time-lapse live-cell imaging are necessary for the biomedical science community to study active, multi-faceted, and long-term biological phenomena. To achieve automatic control, most existing solutions often require the purchase of extra software programs and hardware that rely on the manufacturers’ own specifications. However, these software programs are usually non-user-programmable and unaffordable for many laboratories. To address this unmet need, we have developed a novel open-source software program, titled Automatic Multi-functional Integration Program (AMFIP), as a new Java-based and hardware-independent system that provides proven advantages over existing alternatives to the scientific community. Without extra hardware, AMFIP enables the functional synchronization of the μManager software platform, the Nikon NIS-Elements platform, and other 3rd party software to achieve automatic operations of most commercially available microscopy systems, including but not limited to those from Nikon. AMFIP provides a user-friendly and programmable graphical user interface (GUI), opening the door to expanding the customizability for myriad hardware and software systems according to user-specific experimental requirements and environments. To validate the intended purposes of developing AMFIP, we applied it to elucidate the question whether single cells, prior to their full spreading, can sense and respond to a soft solid substrate, and if so, how does the interaction depend on the cell spreading time and the stiffness of the substrate. Using a CRISPR/Cas9-engineered human epithelial Beas2B (B2B) cell line that expresses mNeonGreen2-tagged mechanosensitive Yes-associated protein (YAP), we show that single B2B cells develop distinct substrate-stiffness-dependent YAP expressions within 10 hours at most on the substrate, suggesting that cells are able to sense, distinguish, and respond to mechanical cues prior to the establishment of full cell spreading. In summary, AMFIP provides a reliable, open-source, and cost-free solution that has the validated long-term utility to satisfy the need of automatic imaging operations in the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Luo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Justin Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Miao Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, UF, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Gaoming Lin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mai Tanaka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sharon Lepler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Juan Guan
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Physics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Dietmar Siemann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, UF, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kozyraki R, Verroust P, Cases O. Cubilin, the intrinsic factor-vitamin B12 receptor. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2022; 119:65-119. [PMID: 35337634 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cubilin (CUBN), the intrinsic factor-vitamin B12 receptor is a large endocytic protein involved in various physiological functions: vitamin B12 uptake in the gut; reabsorption of albumin and maturation of vitamin D in the kidney; nutrient delivery during embryonic development. Cubilin is an atypical receptor, peripherally associated to the plasma membrane. The transmembrane proteins amnionless (AMN) and Lrp2/Megalin are the currently known molecular partners contributing to plasma membrane transport and internalization of Cubilin. The role of Cubilin/Amn complex in the handling of vitamin B12 in health and disease has extensively been studied and so is the role of the Cubilin-Lrp2 tandem in renal pathophysiology. Accumulating evidence strongly supports a role of Cubilin in some developmental defects including impaired closure of the neural tube. Are these defects primarily caused by the dysfunction of a specific Cubilin ligand or are they secondary to impaired vitamin B12 or protein uptake? We will present the established Cubilin functions, discuss the developmental data and provide an overview of the emerging implications of Cubilin in the field of cardiovascular disease and cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Kozyraki
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Pierre Verroust
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Cases
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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15
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Riffo-Campos AL, Perez-Hernandez J, Ortega A, Martinez-Arroyo O, Flores-Chova A, Redon J, Cortes R. Exosomal and Plasma Non-Coding RNA Signature Associated with Urinary Albumin Excretion in Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020823. [PMID: 35055008 PMCID: PMC8775608 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNA (ncRNA), released into circulation or packaged into exosomes, plays important roles in many biological processes in the kidney. The purpose of the present study is to identify a common ncRNA signature associated with early renal damage and its related molecular pathways. Three individual libraries (plasma and urinary exosomes, and total plasma) were prepared from each hypertensive patient (with or without albuminuria) for ncRNA sequencing analysis. Next, an RNA-based transcriptional regulatory network was constructed. The three RNA biotypes with the greatest number of differentially expressed transcripts were long-ncRNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA) and piwi-interacting RNA (piRNAs). We identified a common 24 ncRNA molecular signature related to hypertension-associated urinary albumin excretion, of which lncRNAs were the most representative. In addition, the transcriptional regulatory network showed five lncRNAs (LINC02614, BAALC-AS1, FAM230B, LOC100505824 and LINC01484) and the miR-301a-3p to play a significant role in network organization and targeting critical pathways regulating filtration barrier integrity and tubule reabsorption. Our study found an ncRNA profile associated with albuminuria, independent of biofluid origin (urine or plasma, circulating or in exosomes) that identifies a handful of potential targets, which may be utilized to study mechanisms of albuminuria and cardiovascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela L. Riffo-Campos
- Millennium Nucleus on Sociomedicine (SocioMed) and Vicerrectoría Académica, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
- Department of Computer Science, ETSE, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Perez-Hernandez
- Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Research Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.P.-H.); (A.O.); (O.M.-A.); (A.F.-C.); (J.R.)
- Departament of Nutrition and Health, Valencian International University (VIU), 46010 Valencia, Spain
- T-Cell Tolerance, Biomarkers and Therapies in Type 1 Diabetes Team, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Ana Ortega
- Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Research Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.P.-H.); (A.O.); (O.M.-A.); (A.F.-C.); (J.R.)
| | - Olga Martinez-Arroyo
- Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Research Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.P.-H.); (A.O.); (O.M.-A.); (A.F.-C.); (J.R.)
| | - Ana Flores-Chova
- Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Research Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.P.-H.); (A.O.); (O.M.-A.); (A.F.-C.); (J.R.)
| | - Josep Redon
- Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Research Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.P.-H.); (A.O.); (O.M.-A.); (A.F.-C.); (J.R.)
- Internal Medicine Unit, Hospital Clinico Universitario, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Minister of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Cortes
- Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Research Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.P.-H.); (A.O.); (O.M.-A.); (A.F.-C.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-961973517
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16
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Song T, Li P, Wang Q, Hao B, Wang Y, Bian Y, Shi Y. Comprehensive Assessment of the STIMs and Orais Expression in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:874987. [PMID: 35669690 PMCID: PMC9165061 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.874987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous endocrine disease characterized by irregular menstrual, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries. The definitive mechanism of the disorder is not fully elucidated. Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) plays a role in glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammation, hormone secretion, and cell proliferation. STIMs and Orais are the main elements of SOCE. The potential role of SOCE in PCOS pathogenesis remains unclear. METHODS The expression of STIMs and Orais in granulosa cells (GCs) derived from 83 patients with PCOS and 83 controls were analyzed, respectively, by using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Binary regression analysis was used to identify the factors affecting PCOS after adjusted by body mass index and age. Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the association between PCOS phenotypes and SOCE genes expression. RESULTS Significantly increased expression of STIM1, STIM2, Orai1, and Orai2 were observed in patients with PCOS compared with controls (P = 0.037, P = 0.004, P ≤ 0.001, and P = 0.013, respectively), whereas the expression of Orai3 was decreased (P = 0.003). In addition, the expression levels of STIMs and Orais were identified as the factors affecting PCOS (P < 0.05). The expressions of these genes were correlated with hormone level and antral follicle count (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS For the first time, our findings indicated that the elements of SOCE were differently expressed, where STIM1, STIM2, Orai1, and Orai2 significantly increased, whereas Orai3 decreased in PCOS GCs, which might be dominantly involved in dysfunction of ovarian GCs and hormonal changes in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Song
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiumin Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Baozhen Hao
- Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuehong Bian
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuhua Shi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yuhua Shi,
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17
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Kim JH, Hwang KH, Dang BTN, Eom M, Kong ID, Gwack Y, Yu S, Gee HY, Birnbaumer L, Park KS, Cha SK. Insulin-activated store-operated Ca 2+ entry via Orai1 induces podocyte actin remodeling and causes proteinuria. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6537. [PMID: 34764278 PMCID: PMC8586150 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26900-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte, the gatekeeper of the glomerular filtration barrier, is a primary target for growth factor and Ca2+ signaling whose perturbation leads to proteinuria. However, the effects of insulin action on store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) in podocytes remain unknown. Here, we demonstrated that insulin stimulates SOCE by VAMP2-dependent Orai1 trafficking to the plasma membrane. Insulin-activated SOCE triggers actin remodeling and transepithelial albumin leakage via the Ca2+-calcineurin pathway in podocytes. Transgenic Orai1 overexpression in mice causes podocyte fusion and impaired glomerular filtration barrier. Conversely, podocyte-specific Orai1 deletion prevents insulin-stimulated SOCE, synaptopodin depletion, and proteinuria. Podocyte injury and albuminuria coincide with Orai1 upregulation at the hyperinsulinemic stage in diabetic (db/db) mice, which can be ameliorated by the suppression of Orai1-calcineurin signaling. Our results suggest that tightly balanced insulin action targeting podocyte Orai1 is critical for maintaining filter integrity, which provides novel perspectives on therapeutic strategies for proteinuric diseases, including diabetic nephropathy. Perturbations of Ca2+ signaling in podocytes may deteriorate kidney function and eventually lead to proteinuria. Here the authors show that insulin can affect the function of the calcium regulator Ora1 in podocytes, which is critical for maintaining kidney filter integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hee Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea.,Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Hee Hwang
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea.,Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bao T N Dang
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea.,Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseob Eom
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - In Deok Kong
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yousang Gwack
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Seyoung Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon Yung Gee
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.,Institute of Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical Sciences, Catholic University of Argentina, C1107AAZ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kyu-Sang Park
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea.,Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Kuy Cha
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea. .,Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Sevilleja-Ortiz A, El Assar M, García-Rojo E, García-Gómez B, Fernández A, Sánchez-Ferrer A, La Fuente JM, Romero-Otero J, Rodríguez-Mañas L, Angulo J. Ageing-induced hypercontractility is related to functional enhancement of STIM/Orai and upregulation of Orai 3 in rat and human penile tissue. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 200:111590. [PMID: 34699858 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The role of STIM/Orai calcium entry system on vascular ageing has not been elucidated. We aimed to evaluate the influence of ageing on STIM/Orai signalling and its role on ageing-induced alterations of contractile function in rat corpus cavernosum (RCC) and human penile resistance arteries (HPRA) and corpus cavernosum (HCC). RCC was obtained from 3 months-old and 20 months-old animals. HPRA and HCC were obtained from organ donors of varied ages without history of erectile dysfunction. Aging was associated with enhanced norepinephrine (NE)- and thromboxane analogue (U46619)-induced contractions in RCC which were significantly inhibited by the STIM/Orai inhibitor, YM-58483 (20 μM). Other STIM/Orai inhibitor, 2-aminoethyldiphenylborate also reduced NE-induced contractions in RCC from aged rats. YM-58483 significantly reduced neurogenic contractions and potentiated neurogenic relaxations in RCC from aged rats. In HCC and HPRA, NE-induced contractions were significantly enhanced in older subjects (>65 years-old) but YM-58483 completely reversed ageing-related hypercontractility. Ageing did not modify STIM-1 and Orai1 protein expressions but Orai3 was significantly overexpressed in cavernosal tissue from old rats and older subjects. Contribution of STIM/Orai to cavernosal contraction increases with ageing together with increased expression of Orai3. Orai inhibition could be a potential therapeutic strategy to reduce ageing-related impact on vascular/erectile function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Sevilleja-Ortiz
- Department of Histology-Research, Unidad de Investigación Traslacional en Cardiología (UFV-IRYCIS), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariam El Assar
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain
| | - Esther García-Rojo
- Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja García-Gómez
- Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain; Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Argentina Fernández
- Department of Histology-Research, Unidad de Investigación Traslacional en Cardiología (UFV-IRYCIS), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Sánchez-Ferrer
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain
| | - José M La Fuente
- Department of Urology, Hospital Geral Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal
| | - Javier Romero-Otero
- Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain; Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Angulo
- Department of Histology-Research, Unidad de Investigación Traslacional en Cardiología (UFV-IRYCIS), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
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19
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Wu M, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Li Z, Li X, Liu Z, Liu H, Li X. Relationship between lysosomal dyshomeostasis and progression of diabetic kidney disease. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:958. [PMID: 34663802 PMCID: PMC8523726 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04271-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes are organelles involved in cell metabolism, waste degradation, and cellular material circulation. They play a key role in the maintenance of cellular physiological homeostasis. Compared with the lysosomal content of other organs, that of the kidney is abundant, and lysosomal abnormalities are associated with the occurrence and development of certain renal diseases. Lysosomal structure and function in intrinsic renal cells are impaired in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Promoting lysosomal biosynthesis and/or restoring lysosomal function can repair damaged podocytes and proximal tubular epithelial cells, and delay the progression of DKD. Lysosomal homeostasis maintenance may be advantageous in alleviating DKD. Here, we systematically reviewed the latest advances in the relationship between lysosomal dyshomeostasis and progression of DKD based on recent literature to further elucidate the mechanism of renal injury in diabetes mellitus and to highlight the application potential of lysosomal homeostasis maintenance as a new prevention and treatment strategy for DKD. However, research on screening effective interventions for lysosomal dyshomeostasis is still in its infancy, and thus should be the focus of future research studies. The screening out of cell-specific lysosomal function regulation targets according to the different stages of DKD, so as to realize the controllable targeted regulation of cell lysosomal function during DKD, is the key to the successful clinical development of this therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Wu
- Institute of Nephrology, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China
| | - Minjie Zhang
- Institute of Nephrology, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China
| | - Yaozhi Zhang
- Institute of Nephrology, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China
| | - Zixian Li
- Institute of Nephrology, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China
| | - Xingyu Li
- Institute of Nephrology, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China
| | - Zejian Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China
| | - Huafeng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Institute of Nephrology, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China.
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20
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de Souza TC, de Souza TC, Mourão GB, Lehmann Coutinho L, Rovadoscki GA, Pedrosa VB, Costa RB, de Camargo GMF, de Carvalho GGP, Pinto LFB. Genome-wide association for plasma albumin concentration in sheep. Anim Genet 2021; 52:898-900. [PMID: 34590327 DOI: 10.1111/age.13144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taiana Cortez de Souza
- Federal University of Bahia - 500, Av. Adhemar de Barros, Salvador, BA, 40170110, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Victor Breno Pedrosa
- State University of Ponta Grossa - 4748, Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, Ponta Grossa, PR, 84030900, Brazil
| | - Raphael Bermal Costa
- Federal University of Bahia - 500, Av. Adhemar de Barros, Salvador, BA, 40170110, Brazil
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21
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Brito MDF, Torre C, Silva-Lima B. Scientific Advances in Diabetes: The Impact of the Innovative Medicines Initiative. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:688438. [PMID: 34295913 PMCID: PMC8290522 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.688438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus is one of the World Health Organization's priority diseases under research by the first and second programmes of Innovative Medicines Initiative, with the acronyms IMI1 and IMI2, respectively. Up to October of 2019, 13 projects were funded by IMI for Diabetes & Metabolic disorders, namely SUMMIT, IMIDIA, DIRECT, StemBANCC, EMIF, EBiSC, INNODIA, RHAPSODY, BEAT-DKD, LITMUS, Hypo-RESOLVE, IM2PACT, and CARDIATEAM. In general, a total of €447 249 438 was spent by IMI in the area of Diabetes. In order to prompt a better integration of achievements between the different projects, we perform a literature review and used three data sources, namely the official project's websites, the contact with the project's coordinators and co-coordinator, and the CORDIS database. From the 662 citations identified, 185 were included. The data collected were integrated into the objectives proposed for the four IMI2 program research axes: (1) target and biomarker identification, (2) innovative clinical trials paradigms, (3) innovative medicines, and (4) patient-tailored adherence programmes. The IMI funded projects identified new biomarkers, medical and research tools, determinants of inter-individual variability, relevant pathways, clinical trial designs, clinical endpoints, therapeutic targets and concepts, pharmacologic agents, large-scale production strategies, and patient-centered predictive models for diabetes and its complications. Taking into account the scientific data produced, we provided a joint vision with strategies for integrating personalized medicine into healthcare practice. The major limitations of this article were the large gap of data in the libraries on the official project websites and even the Cordis database was not complete and up to date.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Torre
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Laboratory of Systems Integration Pharmacology, Clinical & Regulatory Science-Research Institute for Medicines (iMED.ULisboa), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Silva-Lima
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Laboratory of Systems Integration Pharmacology, Clinical & Regulatory Science-Research Institute for Medicines (iMED.ULisboa), Lisbon, Portugal
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22
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Sánchez-Collado J, López JJ, Rosado JA. The Orai1-AC8 Interplay: How Breast Cancer Cells Escape from Orai1 Channel Inactivation. Cells 2021; 10:1308. [PMID: 34070268 PMCID: PMC8225208 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between the Ca2+-sensitive adenylyl cyclase 8 (AC8) and Orai1 channels plays an important role both in the activation of the cAMP/PKA signaling and the modulation of Orai1-dependent Ca2+ signals. AC8 interacts with a N-terminal region that is exclusive to the Orai1 long variant, Orai1α. The interaction between both proteins allows the Ca2+ that enters the cell through Orai1α to activate the generation of cAMP by AC8. Subsequent PKA activation results in Orai1α inactivation by phosphorylation at serine-34, thus shaping Orai1-mediated cellular functions. In breast cancer cells, AC8 plays a relevant role supporting a variety of cancer hallmarks, including proliferation and migration. Breast cancer cells overexpress AC8, which shifts the AC8-Orai1 stoichiometry in favor of the former and leads to the impairment of PKA-dependent Orai1α inactivation. This mechanism contributes to the enhanced SOCE observed in triple-negative breast cancer cells. This review summarizes the functional interaction between AC8 and Orai1α in normal and breast cancer cells and its relevance for different cancer features.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José J. López
- Cellular Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain;
| | - Juan A. Rosado
- Cellular Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain;
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23
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Zaibi N, Li P, Xu SZ. Protective effects of dapagliflozin against oxidative stress-induced cell injury in human proximal tubular cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247234. [PMID: 33606763 PMCID: PMC7894948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in type 2 diabetes cause cellular damage in many organs. Recently, the new class of glucose-lowering agents, SGLT-2 inhibitors, have been shown to reduce the risk of developing diabetic complications; however, the mechanisms of such beneficial effect are largely unknown. Here we aimed to investigate the effects of dapagliflozin on cell proliferation and cell death under oxidative stress conditions and explore its underlying mechanisms. Human proximal tubular cells (HK-2) were used. Cell growth and death were monitored by cell counting, water-soluble tetrazolium-1 (WST-1) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays, and flow cytometry. The cytosolic and mitochondrial (ROS) production was measured using fluorescent probes (H2DCFDA and MitoSOX) under normal and oxidative stress conditions mimicked by addition of H2O2. Intracellular Ca2+ dynamics was monitored by FlexStation 3 using cell-permeable Ca2+ dye Fura-PE3/AM. Dapagliflozin (0.1–10 μM) had no effect on HK-2 cell proliferation under normal conditions, but an inhibitory effect was seen at an extreme high concentration (100 μM). However, dapagliflozin at 0.1 to 5 μM showed remarkable protective effects against H2O2-induced cell injury via increasing the viable cell number at phase G0/G1. The elevated cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS under oxidative stress was significantly decreased by dapagliflozin. Dapagliflozin increased the basal intracellular [Ca2+]i in proximal tubular cells, but did not affect calcium release from endoplasmic reticulum and store-operated Ca2+ entry. The H2O2-sensitive TRPM2 channel seemed to be involved in the Ca2+ dynamics regulated by dapagliflozin. However, dapagliflozin had no direct effects on ORAI1, ORAI3, TRPC4 and TRPC5 channels. Our results suggest that dapagliflozin shows anti-oxidative properties by reducing cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS production and altering Ca2+ dynamics, and thus exerts its protective effects against cell damage under oxidative stress environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawel Zaibi
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Pengyun Li
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Shang-Zhong Xu
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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24
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Berlansky S, Humer C, Sallinger M, Frischauf I. More Than Just Simple Interaction between STIM and Orai Proteins: CRAC Channel Function Enabled by a Network of Interactions with Regulatory Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E471. [PMID: 33466526 PMCID: PMC7796502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium-release-activated calcium (CRAC) channel, activated by the release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), is critical for Ca2+ homeostasis and active signal transduction in a plethora of cell types. Spurred by the long-sought decryption of the molecular nature of the CRAC channel, considerable scientific effort has been devoted to gaining insights into functional and structural mechanisms underlying this signalling cascade. Key players in CRAC channel function are the Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and Orai1. STIM1 proteins span through the membrane of the ER, are competent in sensing luminal Ca2+ concentration, and in turn, are responsible for relaying the signal of Ca2+ store-depletion to pore-forming Orai1 proteins in the plasma membrane. A direct interaction of STIM1 and Orai1 allows for the re-entry of Ca2+ from the extracellular space. Although much is already known about the structure, function, and interaction of STIM1 and Orai1, there is growing evidence that CRAC under physiological conditions is dependent on additional proteins to function properly. Several auxiliary proteins have been shown to regulate CRAC channel activity by means of direct interactions with STIM1 and/or Orai1, promoting or hindering Ca2+ influx in a mechanistically diverse manner. Various proteins have also been identified to exert a modulatory role on the CRAC signalling cascade although inherently lacking an affinity for both STIM1 and Orai1. Apart from ubiquitously expressed representatives, a subset of such regulatory mechanisms seems to allow for a cell-type-specific control of CRAC channel function, considering the rather restricted expression patterns of the specific proteins. Given the high functional and clinical relevance of both generic and cell-type-specific interacting networks, the following review shall provide a comprehensive summary of regulators of the multilayered CRAC channel signalling cascade. It also includes proteins expressed in a narrow spectrum of cells and tissues that are often disregarded in other reviews of similar topics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Irene Frischauf
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria; (S.B.); (C.H.); (M.S.)
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25
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Liu J, Ge Y, Wang N, Wen J, Wang W, Zeng B, Chen GL. A Simple and Efficient Method to Generate Gene-Knockout and Transgenic Cell Lines. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 40:239-246. [PMID: 33395371 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.6183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Knockout (KO) or exogenous expression of a gene of interest in cultured cells is one of the most important ways to study the function of the gene. Compared with transient transfection, stable cell lines possess great advantages such as excellent cell homogeneity and feasibility for long-term use. However, technical challenges in generating stable cell lines still exist in many laboratories using conventional techniques like limiting dilution or cloning cylinders. In this study we describe an optimized method to efficiently create stable cell lines for functional studies. This method was successfully used to generate a PIEZO1 gene-KO cell line with the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and TRPC5/GCaMP6f-mCherry-coexpressing cell lines without antibiotic selection. Monoclonal cell lines can be obtained in 2-4 weeks after transfection. This method does not require any special equipment or consumables and can be conducted in all laboratories with general cell-culture facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Gui-Lan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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26
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Chaudhari S, Mallet RT, Shotorbani PY, Tao Y, Ma R. Store-operated calcium entry: Pivotal roles in renal physiology and pathophysiology. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 246:305-316. [PMID: 33249888 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220975207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Research conducted over the last two decades has dramatically advanced the understanding of store-operated calcium channels (SOCC) and their impact on renal function. Kidneys contain many types of cells, including those specialized for glomerular filtration (fenestrated capillary endothelium, podocytes), water and solute transport (tubular epithelium), and regulation of glomerular filtration and renal blood flow (vascular smooth muscle cells, mesangial cells). The highly integrated function of these myriad cells effects renal control of blood pressure, extracellular fluid volume and osmolality, electrolyte balance, and acid-base homeostasis. Many of these cells are regulated by Ca2+ signaling. Recent evidence demonstrates that SOCCs are major Ca2+ entry portals in several renal cell types. SOCC is activated by depletion of Ca2+ stores in the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum, which communicates with plasma membrane SOCC via the Ca2+ sensor Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 (STIM1). Orai1 is recognized as the main pore-forming subunit of SOCC in the plasma membrane. Orai proteins alone can form highly Ca2+ selective SOCC channels. Also, members of the Transient Receptor Potential Canonical (TRPC) channel family are proposed to form heteromeric complexes with Orai1 subunits, forming SOCC with low Ca2+ selectivity. Recently, Ca2+ entry through SOCC, known as store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), was identified in glomerular mesangial cells, tubular epithelium, and renovascular smooth muscle cells. The physiological and pathological relevance and the characterization of SOCC complexes in those cells are still unclear. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of SOCC and their roles in renal glomerular, tubular and vascular cells, including studies from our laboratory, emphasizing SOCE regulation of fibrotic protein deposition. Understanding the diverse roles of SOCE in different renal cell types is essential, as SOCC and its signaling pathways are emerging targets for treatment of SOCE-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Chaudhari
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Robert T Mallet
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Parisa Y Shotorbani
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Yu Tao
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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27
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Danta CC, Boa AN, Bhandari S, Sathyapalan T, Xu SZ. Recent advances in drug discovery for diabetic kidney disease. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 16:447-461. [PMID: 33003971 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1832077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and 40% of patients with diabetes develop DKD. Although some pathophysiological mechanisms and drug targets of DKD have been described, the effectiveness or clinical usefulness of such treatment has not been well validated. Therefore, searching for new targets and potential therapeutic candidates has become an emerging research area. AREAS COVERED The pathophysiological mechanisms, new drug targets and potential therapeutic compounds for DKD are addressed in this review. EXPERT OPINION Although preclinical and clinical evidence has shown some positive results for controlling DKD progression, treatment regimens have not been well developed to reduce the mortality in patients with DKD globally. Therefore, the discovery of new therapeutic targets and effective target-based drugs to achieve better and safe treatment are urgently required. Preclinical screening and clinical trials for such drugs are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhanda Charan Danta
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Andrew N Boa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Sunil Bhandari
- Department of Renal Medicine and Hull York Medical School, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Shang-Zhong Xu
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK.,Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
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28
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Su DN, Wu SP, Xu SZ. Mesenchymal stem cell-based Smad7 gene therapy for experimental liver cirrhosis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:395. [PMID: 32928296 PMCID: PMC7489041 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01911-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bone mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can promote liver regeneration and inhibit inflammation and hepatic fibrosis. MSCs also can serve as a vehicle for gene therapy. Smad7 is an essential negative regulatory gene in the TGF-β1/Smad signalling pathway. Activation of TGF-β1/Smad signalling accelerates liver inflammation and fibrosis; we therefore hypothesized that MSCs overexpressing the Smad7 gene might be a new cell therapy approach for treating liver fibrosis via the inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad signalling. Methods MSCs were isolated from 6-week-old Wistar rats and transduced with the Smad7 gene using a lentivirus vector. Liver cirrhosis was induced by subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for 8 weeks. The rats with established liver cirrhosis were treated with Smad7-MSCs by direct injection of cells into the main lobes of the liver. The expression of Smad7, Smad2/3 and fibrosis biomarkers or extracellular matrix proteins and histopathological change were assessed by quantitative PCR, ELISA and Western blotting and staining. Results The mRNA and protein level of Smad7 in the recipient liver and serum were increased after treating with Smad-MSCs for 7 and 21 days (P < 0.001). The serum levels of collagen I and III and collagenase I and III were significantly (P < 0.001) reduced after the treatment with Smad7-MSCs. The mRNA levels of TGF-β1, TGFBR1, α-SMA, TIMP-1, laminin and hyaluronic acid were decreased (P < 0.001), while MMP-1 increased (P < 0.001). The liver fibrosis score and liver function were significantly alleviated after the cell therapy. Conclusions The findings suggest that the MSC therapy with Smad7-MSCs is effective in the treatment of liver fibrosis in the CCl4-induced liver cirrhosis model. Inhibition of TGF-β1 signalling pathway by enhancement of Smad-7 expression could be a feasible cell therapy approach to mitigate liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Na Su
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), 1017 Dong Men Bei Road, Luo Hu District, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Pin Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), 1017 Dong Men Bei Road, Luo Hu District, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shang-Zhong Xu
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
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29
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Schach C, Wester M, Leibl F, Redel A, Gruber M, Maier LS, Endemann D, Wagner S. Reduced store-operated Ca 2+ entry impairs mesenteric artery function in response to high external glucose in type 2 diabetic ZDF rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:1145-1157. [PMID: 32147830 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, affecting both endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Store-operated Ca2+ channels (SOCCs) have been implicated in many diabetic complications. Vascular dysfunction is common in patients with diabetes, but the role of SOCCs in diabetic vasculopathy is still unclear. Our research aimed to investigate the effects of high glucose (HG) on store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) in small arteries. Small mesenteric arteries from type 2 diabetic Zucker fatty rats (ZDF) versus their non-diabetic controls (Zucker lean, ZL) were examined in a pressurized myograph. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) were isolated and intracellular Ca2+ was measured (Fura 2-AM). A specific protocol to deplete intracellular Ca2+ stores and thereby open SOCCs, as well as pharmacological SOCE inhibitors (SKF-96365, BTP-2), were used to artificially activate and inhibit SOCE, respectively. High glucose (40 mmol/L) relaxed arteries in a SKF-sensitive manner. Diabetic arteries exhibited reduced HG-induced relaxation, as well as reduced contraction after Ca2+ replenishment. Further, the rise in intracellular Ca2+ on account of SOCE is diminished in diabetic versus non-diabetic VSMCs and was insensitive to HG in diabetic VSMCs. The expression of SOCC proteins was measured, detecting a downregulation of Orai1 in diabetes. In conclusion, diabetes leads to a reduction of SOCE and SOCE-induced contraction, which is unresponsive to HG-mediated inhibition. The reduced expression of Orai1 in diabetic arteries could account for the observed reduction in SOCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schach
- Abteilung für Kardiologie, Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Wester
- Abteilung für Kardiologie, Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Leibl
- Abteilung für Kardiologie, Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Redel
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Gruber
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lars S Maier
- Abteilung für Kardiologie, Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dierk Endemann
- Abteilung für Kardiologie, Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Abteilung für Kardiologie, Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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30
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Wang Y, Liu T, Ma F, Lu X, Mao H, Zhou W, Yang L, Li P, Zhan Y. A Network Pharmacology-Based Strategy for Unveiling the Mechanisms of Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook F against Diabetic Kidney Disease. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:2421631. [PMID: 33274236 PMCID: PMC7695487 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2421631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) poses a major public-health burden globally. Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TwHF) is a widely employed herbal medicine in decreasing albuminuria among diabetic patients. However, a holistic network pharmacology strategy to investigate the active components and therapeutic mechanism underlying DKD is still unavailable. METHODS We collected TwHF ingredients and their targets by traditional Chinese Medicine databases (TCMSP). Then, we obtained DKD targets from GeneCards and OMIM and collected and analyzed TwHF-DKD common targets using the STRING database. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established by Cytoscape and analyzed by MCODE plugin to get clusters. In addition, the cytoHubba software was used to identify hub genes. Finally, all the targets of clusters were subjected for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses via DAVID. RESULTS A total of 51 active ingredients in TwHF were identified and hit by 88 potential targets related to DKD. Compounds correspond to more targets include kaempferol, beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and Triptoditerpenic acid B, which appeared to be high-potential compounds. Genes with higher degree including VEGFA, PTGS2, JUN, MAPK8, and HSP90AA1 are hub genes of TwHF against DKD, which are involved in inflammation, insulin resistance, and lipid homeostasis. Kaempferol and VEGFA were represented as the uppermost active ingredient and core gene of TwHF in treating DKD, respectively. DAVID results indicated that TwHF may play a role in treating DKD through AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, insulin resistance, and calcium signaling pathway (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Kaempferol and VEGFA were represented as the uppermost active ingredient and core gene of TwHF in treating DKD, respectively. The key mechanisms of TwHF against DKD might be involved in the reduction of renal inflammation by downregulating VEGFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Guang'anmen Hospital of China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Guang'anmen Hospital of China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Fang Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Guang'anmen Hospital of China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xiaoguang Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Guang'anmen Hospital of China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Huimin Mao
- Department of Nephrology, Guang'anmen Hospital of China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Weie Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Guang'anmen Hospital of China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yongli Zhan
- Department of Nephrology, Guang'anmen Hospital of China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
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31
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Li P, Rubaiy HN, Chen GL, Hallett T, Zaibi N, Zeng B, Saurabh R, Xu SZ. Mibefradil, a T-type Ca 2+ channel blocker also blocks Orai channels by action at the extracellular surface. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:3845-3856. [PMID: 31271653 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Mibefradil, a T-type Ca2+ channel blocker, has been investigated for treating solid tumours. However, its underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Here, we have investigated the pharmacological actions of mibefradil on Orai store-operated Ca2+ channels. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Human Orai1-3 cDNAs in tetracycline-regulated pcDNA4/TO vectors were transfected into HEK293 T-REx cells with stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) stable expression. The Orai currents were recorded by whole-cell and excised-membrane patch clamp. Ca2+ influx or release was measured by Fura-PE3/AM. Cell growth and death were monitored by WST-1, LDH assays and flow cytometry. KEY RESULTS Mibefradil inhibited Orai1, Orai2, and Orai3 currents dose-dependently. The IC50 for Orai1, Orai2, and Orai3 channels was 52.6, 14.1, and 3.8 μM respectively. Outside-out patch demonstrated that perfusion of 10-μM mibefradil to the extracellular surface completely blocked Orai3 currents and single channel activity evoked by 2-APB. Intracellular application of mibefradil did not alter Orai3 channel activity. Mibefradil at higher concentrations (>50 μM) inhibited Ca2+ release but had no effect on cytosolic STIM1 translocation evoked by thapsigargin. Inhibition on Orai channels by mibefradil was structure-related, as other T-type Ca2+ channel blockers with different structures, such as ethosuximide and ML218, had no or minimal effects on Orai channels. Moreover, mibefradil inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and arrested cell cycle progression. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Mibefradil is a potent cell surface blocker of Orai channels, demonstrating a new pharmacological action of this compound in regulating cell growth and death, which could be relevant to its anti-cancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyun Li
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hussein N Rubaiy
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Gui-Lan Chen
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Thomas Hallett
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Nawel Zaibi
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Bo Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Rahul Saurabh
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Shang-Zhong Xu
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
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32
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Molinaro R, Mukherjee T, Flick R, Philpott DJ, Girardin SE. Trace levels of peptidoglycan in serum underlie the NOD-dependent cytokine response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:9007-9015. [PMID: 30996003 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
NOD1 and NOD2 are intracellular sensors of bacterial peptidoglycan that belong to the Nod-like receptor family of innate immune proteins. In addition to their role as direct bacterial sensors, it was proposed that the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) proteins could detect endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by thapsigargin, an inhibitor of the sarcoplasmic or endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase family that pumps Ca2+ into the ER, resulting in pro-inflammatory signaling. Here, we confirm that thapsigargin induces NOD-dependent pro-inflammatory signaling in epithelial cells. However, the effect was specific to thapsigargin, as tunicamycin and the subtilase cytotoxin SubAB from Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli, which induce ER stress by other mechanisms, did not induce cytokine expression. The calcium ionophore A23187 also induced NOD-dependent signaling, and calcium chelators demonstrated a role for both intracellular and extracellular calcium in mediating thapsigargin-induced and NOD-dependent pro-inflammatory signaling, in part through the activation of plasma membrane-associated calcium release-activated channels. Moreover, our results demonstrate that both endocytosis and the addition of serum to the cell culture medium were required for thapsigargin-mediated NOD activation. Finally, we analyzed cell culture grade fetal calf serum as well as serum from laboratory mice using HPLC and MS identified the presence of various peptidoglycan fragments. We propose that cellular perturbations that affect intracellular Ca2+ can trigger internalization of peptidoglycan trace contaminants found in culture serum, thereby stimulating pro-inflammatory signaling. The presence of peptidoglycan in animal serum suggests that a homeostatic function of NOD signaling may have been previously overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Molinaro
- From the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and
| | - Tapas Mukherjee
- From the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and
| | - Robert Flick
- BioZone, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5 Canada
| | - Dana J Philpott
- Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8 and
| | - Stephen E Girardin
- From the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and .,Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8 and
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Singh S, Sharma R, Kumari M, Tiwari S. Insulin receptors in the kidneys in health and disease. World J Nephrol 2019; 8:11-22. [PMID: 30705868 PMCID: PMC6354081 DOI: 10.5527/wjn.v8.i1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin is an important hormone that affects various metabolic processes, including kidney function. Impairment in insulin’s action leads to insulin resistance in the target tissue. Besides defects in post-receptor insulin signaling, impairment at the receptor level could significantly affect insulin sensitivity of the target tissue. The kidney is a known target of insulin; however, whether the kidney develops “insulin resistance” is debatable. Regulation of the insulin receptor (IR) expression and its function is very well studied in major metabolic tissues like liver, skeletal muscles, and adipose tissue. The physiological relevance of IRs in the kidney has recently begun to be clarified. The credit goes to studies that showed a wide distribution of IR throughout the nephron segments and their reduced expression in the insulin resistance state. Moreover, altered renal and systemic metabolism observed in mice with targeted deletion of the IR from various epithelial cells of the kidney has strengthened this proposition. In this review, we recapitulate the crucial findings from literature that have expanded our knowledge regarding the significance of the renal IR in normal- and insulin-resistance states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarojini Singh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Rajni Sharma
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Manju Kumari
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Swasti Tiwari
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
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Shi Z, Graber ZT, Baumgart T, Stone HA, Cohen AE. Cell Membranes Resist Flow. Cell 2018; 175:1769-1779.e13. [PMID: 30392960 PMCID: PMC6541487 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The fluid-mosaic model posits a liquid-like plasma membrane, which can flow in response to tension gradients. It is widely assumed that membrane flow transmits local changes in membrane tension across the cell in milliseconds, mediating long-range signaling. Here, we show that propagation of membrane tension occurs quickly in cell-attached blebs but is largely suppressed in intact cells. The failure of tension to propagate in cells is explained by a fluid dynamical model that incorporates the flow resistance from cytoskeleton-bound transmembrane proteins. Perturbations to tension propagate diffusively, with a diffusion coefficient Dσ ∼0.024 μm2/s in HeLa cells. In primary endothelial cells, local increases in membrane tension lead only to local activation of mechanosensitive ion channels and to local vesicle fusion. Thus, membrane tension is not a mediator of long-range intracellular signaling, but local variations in tension mediate distinct processes in sub-cellular domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Zachary T Graber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tobias Baumgart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Howard A Stone
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Adam E Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
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Crosstalk between MicroRNAs and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Their Emerging Regulatory Roles in Cardiovascular Pathophysiology. PPAR Res 2018; 2018:8530371. [PMID: 30622558 PMCID: PMC6304518 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8530371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) play vital roles in cardiovascular pathophysiology, such as energy balance, cell proliferation/apoptosis, inflammatory response, and adipocyte differentiation. These vital roles make PPARs potential targets for therapeutic prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Emerging evidence indicates that the crosstalk of microRNAs (miRNAs) and PPARs contributes greatly to CVD pathogenesis. PPARs are inhibited by miRNAs at posttranscriptional mechanisms in the progress of pulmonary hypertension and vascular dysfunction involving cell proliferation/apoptosis, communication, and normal function of endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. In the development of atherosclerosis and stroke, the activation of PPARs could change the transcripts of target miRNA through miRNA signalling. Furthermore, the mutual regulation of PPARs and miRNAs involves cell proliferation/apoptosis, cardiac remodeling, and dysfunction in heart diseases. In addition, obesity, an important cardiovascular risk, is modulated by the regulatory axis of PPARs/miRNAs, including adipogenesis, adipocyte dysfunction, insulin resistance, and macrophage polarization in adipose tissue. In this review, the crosstalk of PPARs and miRNAs and their emerging regulatory roles are summarized in the context of CVDs and risks. This provides an understanding of the underlying mechanism of the biological process related to CVD pathophysiology involving the interaction of PPARs and miRNAs and will lead to the development of PPARs/miRNAs as effective anti-CVD medications.
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Kozyraki R, Cases O. Cubilin, the Intrinsic Factor-Vitamin B12 Receptor in Development and Disease. Curr Med Chem 2018; 27:3123-3150. [PMID: 30295181 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181008143945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Gp280/Intrinsic factor-vitamin B12 receptor/Cubilin (CUBN) is a large endocytic receptor serving multiple functions in vitamin B12 homeostasis, renal reabsorption of protein or toxic substances including albumin, vitamin D-binding protein or cadmium. Cubilin is a peripheral membrane protein consisting of 8 Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)-like repeats and 27 CUB (defined as Complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, BMP1) domains. This structurally unique protein interacts with at least two molecular partners, Amnionless (AMN) and Lrp2/Megalin. AMN is involved in appropriate plasma membrane transport of Cubilin whereas Lrp2 is essential for efficient internalization of Cubilin and its ligands. Observations gleaned from animal models with Cubn deficiency or human diseases demonstrate the importance of this protein. In this review addressed to basic research and medical scientists, we summarize currently available data on Cubilin and its implication in renal and intestinal biology. We also discuss the role of Cubilin as a modulator of Fgf8 signaling during embryonic development and propose that the Cubilin-Fgf8 interaction may be relevant in human pathology, including in cancer progression, heart or neural tube defects. We finally provide experimental elements suggesting that some aspects of Cubilin physiology might be relevant in drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Kozyraki
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Cases
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
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Tam KC, Ali E, Hua J, Chataway T, Barritt GJ. Evidence for the interaction of peroxiredoxin-4 with the store-operated calcium channel activator STIM1 in liver cells. Cell Calcium 2018; 74:14-28. [PMID: 29804005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ entry through store-operated Ca2+ channels (SOCs) in the plasma membrane (PM) of hepatocytes plays a central role in the hormonal regulation of liver metabolism. SOCs are composed of Orai1, the channel pore protein, and STIM1, the activator protein, and are regulated by hormones and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition to Orai1, STIM1 also interacts with several other intracellular proteins. Most previous studies of the cellular functions of Orai1 and STIM1 have employed immortalised cells in culture expressing ectopic proteins tagged with a fluorescent polypeptide such as GFP. Little is known about the intracellular distributions of endogenous Orai1 and STIM1. The aims are to determine the intracellular distribution of endogenous Orai1 and STIM1 in hepatocytes and to identify novel STIM1 binding proteins. Subcellular fractions of rat liver were prepared by homogenisation and differential centrifugation. Orai1 and STIM1 were identified and quantified by western blot. Orai1 was found in the PM (0.03%), heavy (44%) and light (27%) microsomal fractions, and STIM1 in the PM (0.09%), and heavy (85%) and light (13%) microsomal fractions. Immunoprecipitation of STIM1 followed by LC/MS or western blot identified peroxiredoxin-4 (Prx-4) as a potential STIM1 binding protein. Prx-4 was found principally in the heavy microsomal fraction. Knockdown of Prx-4 using siRNA, or inhibition of Prx-4 using conoidin A, did not affect Ca2+ entry through SOCs but rendered SOCs susceptible to inhibition by H2O2. It is concluded that, in hepatocytes, a considerable proportion of endogenous Orai1 and STIM1 is located in the rough ER. In the rough ER, STIM1 interacts with Prx-4, and this interaction may contribute to the regulation by ROS of STIM1 and SOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Cheung Tam
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Eunus Ali
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Jin Hua
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Tim Chataway
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Greg J Barritt
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia.
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Kimura M, Nishi K, Higashikawa A, Ohyama S, Sakurai K, Tazaki M, Shibukawa Y. High pH-Sensitive Store-Operated Ca 2+ Entry Mediated by Ca 2+ Release-Activated Ca 2+ Channels in Rat Odontoblasts. Front Physiol 2018; 9:443. [PMID: 29765331 PMCID: PMC5938338 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Odontoblasts play a crucial role in dentin formation and sensory transduction following the application of stimuli to the dentin surface. Various exogenous and endogenous stimuli elicit an increase in the intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in odontoblasts, which is mediated by Ca2+ release from intracellular Ca2+ stores and/or Ca2+ influx from the extracellular medium. In a previous study, we demonstrated that the depletion of Ca2+ stores in odontoblasts activated store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), a Ca2+ influx pathway. However, the precise biophysical and pharmacological properties of SOCE in odontoblasts have remained unclear. In the present study, we examined the functional expression and pharmacological properties of Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels that mediate SOCE and evaluated the alkali sensitivity of SOCE in rat odontoblasts. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, treatment with thapsigargin (TG), a sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor, induced an increase in [Ca2+]i. After [Ca2+]i returned to near-resting levels, the subsequent application of 2.5 mM extracellular Ca2+ resulted in an increase in [Ca2+]i which is a typical of SOCE activation. Additionally, application of 2-methylthioadenosine diphosphate trisodium salt (2-MeSADP), a P2Y1,12,13 receptor agonist, or carbachol (CCh), a muscarinic cholinergic receptor agonist, in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, induced a transient increase in [Ca2+]i. The subsequent addition of extracellular Ca2+ resulted in significantly higher [Ca2+]i in 2-MeSADP- or CCh-treated odontoblasts than in untreated cells. SOCE, that is activated by addition of extracellular Ca2+ in the TG pretreated odontoblasts was then suppressed by Synta66, BTP2, or lanthanum, which are CRAC channel inhibitors. Treatment with an alkaline solution enhanced SOCE, while treatment with HC030031, a TRPA1 channel antagonist, inhibited it. The amplitude of SOCE at pH 9 in the presence of HC030031 was higher than that at pH 7.4 in the absence of HC030031. These findings indicate that CRAC channel-mediated alkali-sensitive SOCE occurs in odontoblasts. SOCE is mediated by P2Y and muscarinic-cholinergic receptors, which are activated by endogenous ligands in odontoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Kimura
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Nishi
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Gerodontology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Sadao Ohyama
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Oral Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Sakurai
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Gerodontology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Tazaki
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
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