1
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Chen Q, Lodi A, Zhang H, Gee A, Wang HI, Kong F, Clarke M, Edmondson M, Hart J, O'Shea JN, Stawski W, Baugh J, Narita A, Saywell A, Bonn M, Müllen K, Bogani L, Anderson HL. Porphyrin-fused graphene nanoribbons. Nat Chem 2024; 16:1133-1140. [PMID: 38459234 PMCID: PMC11230900 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01477-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), nanometre-wide strips of graphene, are promising materials for fabricating electronic devices. Many GNRs have been reported, yet no scalable strategies are known for synthesizing GNRs with metal atoms and heteroaromatic units at precisely defined positions in the conjugated backbone, which would be valuable for tuning their optical, electronic and magnetic properties. Here we report the solution-phase synthesis of a porphyrin-fused graphene nanoribbon (PGNR). This PGNR has metalloporphyrins fused into a twisted fjord-edged GNR backbone; it consists of long chains (>100 nm), with a narrow optical bandgap (~1.0 eV) and high local charge mobility (>400 cm2 V-1 s-1 by terahertz spectroscopy). We use this PGNR to fabricate ambipolar field-effect transistors with appealing switching behaviour, and single-electron transistors displaying multiple Coulomb diamonds. These results open an avenue to π-extended nanostructures with engineerable electrical and magnetic properties by transposing the coordination chemistry of porphyrins into graphene nanoribbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK.
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany.
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | | | - Heng Zhang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alex Gee
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hai I Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
- Nanophotonics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Fanmiao Kong
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Clarke
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Matthew Edmondson
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jack Hart
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - James N O'Shea
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Wojciech Stawski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK
| | - Jonathan Baugh
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Alex Saywell
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lapo Bogani
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Chemistry & Physics, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Harry L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK.
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2
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Li G, Wang H, Loes M, Saxena A, Yin J, Sarker M, Choi S, Aluru N, Lyding JW, Sinitskii A, Dong G. Hybrid Edge Results in Narrowed Band Gap: Bottom-up Liquid-Phase Synthesis of Bent N = 6/8 Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons. ACS NANO 2024; 18:4297-4307. [PMID: 38253346 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Scalable fabrication of graphene nanoribbons with narrow band gaps has been a nontrivial challenge. Here, we have developed a simple approach to access narrow band gaps using hybrid edge structures. Bottom-up liquid-phase synthesis of bent N = 6/8 armchair graphene nanoribbons (AGNRs) has been achieved in high efficiency through copolymerization between an o-terphenyl monomer and a naphthalene-based monomer, followed by Scholl oxidation. An unexpected 1,2-aryl migration has been discovered, which is responsible for introducing kinked structures into the GNR backbones. The N = 6/8 AGNRs have been fully characterized to support the proposed structure and show a narrow band gap and a relatively high electrical conductivity. In addition, their application in efficient gas sensing has also been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Hanfei Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Michael Loes
- Department of Chemistry, Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Anshul Saxena
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jiangliang Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Mamun Sarker
- Department of Chemistry, Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Shinyoung Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Narayana Aluru
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Joseph W Lyding
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Alexander Sinitskii
- Department of Chemistry, Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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3
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Liu Q, Wang X, Yu J, Wang J. Graphyne and graphdiyne nanoribbons: from their structures and properties to potential applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:1541-1563. [PMID: 38165768 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04393b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Graphyne (GY) and graphdiyne (GDY) have properties including unique sp- and sp2-hybrid carbon atomic structures, natural non-zero band gaps, and highly conjugated π electrons. GY and GDY have good application prospects in many fields, including catalysis, solar cells, sensors, and modulators. Under the influence of the boundary effect and quantum size effect, quasi-one-dimensional graphyne nanoribbons (GYNRs) and graphdiyne nanoribbons (GDYNRs) show novel physical properties. The various structures available give GYNRs and GDYNRs greater band structure and electronic properties, and their excellent physical and chemical properties differ from those of two-dimensional GY and GDY. However, the development of GYNRs and GDYNRs still faces problems, including issues with accurate synthesis, advanced structural characterization, the structure-performance correlation of materials, and potential applications. In this review, the structures and physical properties of quasi-one-dimensional GYNRs and GDYNRs are reviewed, their advantages and disadvantages are summarized, and their potential applications are highlighted. This review provides a meaningful basis and research foundation for the design and development of high-performance materials and devices based on GYNRs and GDYNRs in the field of energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohan Liu
- College of Science, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- School of petrochemical engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, P. R. China
| | - Jing Yu
- College of Science, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, P. R. China.
| | - Jingang Wang
- College of Science, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, P. R. China.
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4
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Wang MW, Fan W, Li X, Liu Y, Li Z, Jiang W, Wu J, Wang Z. Molecular Carbons: How Far Can We Go? ACS NANO 2023; 17:20734-20752. [PMID: 37889626 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The creation and development of carbon nanomaterials promoted material science significantly. Bottom-up synthesis has emerged as an efficient strategy to synthesize atomically precise carbon nanomaterials, namely, molecular carbons, with various sizes and topologies. Different from the properties of the feasibly obtained mixture of carbon nanomaterials, numerous properties of single-component molecular carbons have been discovered owing to their well-defined structures as well as potential applications in various fields. This Perspective introduces recent advances in molecular carbons derived from fullerene, graphene, carbon nanotube, carbyne, graphyne, and Schwarzite carbon acquired with different synthesis strategies. By selecting a variety of representative examples, we elaborate on the relationship between molecular carbons and carbon nanomaterials. We hope these multiple points of view presented may facilitate further advancement in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiaonan Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yujian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zuoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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5
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Yao X, Zhang H, Kong F, Hinaut A, Pawlak R, Okuno M, Graf R, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Meyer E, Bogani L, Bonn M, Wang HI, Müllen K, Narita A. N=8 Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons: Solution Synthesis and High Charge Carrier Mobility. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312610. [PMID: 37750665 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Structurally defined graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have emerged as promising candidates for nanoelectronic devices. Low band gap (<1 eV) GNRs are particularly important when considering the Schottky barrier in device performance. Here, we demonstrate the first solution synthesis of 8-AGNRs through a carefully designed arylated polynaphthalene precursor. The efficiency of the oxidative cyclodehydrogenation of the tailor-made polymer precursor into 8-AGNRs was validated by FT-IR, Raman, and UV/Vis-near-infrared (NIR) absorption spectroscopy, and further supported by the synthesis of naphtho[1,2,3,4-ghi]perylene derivatives (1 and 2) as subunits of 8-AGNR, with a width of 0.86 nm as suggested by the X-ray single crystal analysis. Low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and solid-state NMR analyses provided further structural support for 8-AGNR. The resulting 8-AGNR exhibited a remarkable NIR absorption extending up to ∼2400 nm, corresponding to an optical band gap as low as ∼0.52 eV. Moreover, optical-pump TeraHertz-probe spectroscopy revealed charge-carrier mobility in the dc limit of ∼270 cm2 V-1 s-1 for the 8-AGNR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Yao
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, OX1 3PH, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Heng Zhang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fanmiao Kong
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, OX1 3PH, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Antoine Hinaut
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rémy Pawlak
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Masanari Okuno
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, 153-8902, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Robert Graf
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter N Horton
- National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J Coles
- National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ernst Meyer
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lapo Bogani
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, OX1 3PH, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hai I Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Nanophotonics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 904-0495, Okinawa, Japan
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6
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Yin J, Choi S, Pyle D, Guest JR, Dong G. Backbone Engineering of Monodisperse Conjugated Polymers via Integrated Iterative Binomial Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19120-19128. [PMID: 37603817 PMCID: PMC10472507 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of sequence-defined monodisperse π-conjugated polymers with versatile backbones remains a substantial challenge. Here we report the development of an integrated iterative binomial synthesis (IIBS) strategy to enable backbone engineering of conjugated polymers with precisely controlled lengths and sequences as well as high molecular weights. The IIBS strategy capitalizes on the use of phenol as a surrogate for aryl bromide and represents the merge between protecting-group-aided iterative synthesis (PAIS) and iterative binomial synthesis (IBS). Long and monodisperse conjugated polymers with diverse irregular backbones, which are inaccessible by conventional polymerizations, can be efficiently prepared by IIBS. In addition, topology-dependent and chain-length-dependent properties have been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangliang Yin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Shinyoung Choi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Daniel Pyle
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jeffrey R. Guest
- Center
for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National
Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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7
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Obermann S, Zheng W, Melidonie J, Böckmann S, Osella S, Arisnabarreta N, Guerrero-León LA, Hennersdorf F, Beljonne D, Weigand JJ, Bonn M, De Feyter S, Hansen MR, Wang HI, Ma J, Feng X. Curved graphene nanoribbons derived from tetrahydropyrene-based polyphenylenes via one-pot K-region oxidation and Scholl cyclization. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8607-8614. [PMID: 37592977 PMCID: PMC10430550 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02824k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise synthesis of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) is of great interest to chemists and materials scientists because of their unique opto-electronic properties and potential applications in carbon-based nanoelectronics and spintronics. In addition to the tunable edge structure and width, introducing curvature in GNRs is a powerful structural feature for their chemi-physical property modification. Here, we report an efficient solution synthesis of the first pyrene-based GNR (PyGNR) with curved geometry via one-pot K-region oxidation and Scholl cyclization of its corresponding well-soluble tetrahydropyrene-based polyphenylene precursor. The efficient A2B2-type Suzuki polymerization and subsequent Scholl reaction furnishes up to ∼35 nm long curved GNRs bearing cove- and armchair-edges. The construction of model compound 1, as a cutout of PyGNR, from a tetrahydropyrene-based oligophenylene precursor proves the concept and efficiency of the one-pot K-region oxidation and Scholl cyclization, which is clearly revealed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The structure and optical properties of PyGNR are investigated by Raman, FT-IR, solid-state NMR, STM and UV-Vis analysis with the support of DFT calculations. PyGNR exhibits a narrow optical bandgap of ∼1.4 eV derived from a Tauc plot, qualifying as a low-bandgap GNR. Moreover, THz spectroscopy on PyGNR estimates its macroscopic charge mobility μ as ∼3.6 cm2 V-1 s-1, outperforming several other curved GNRs reported via conventional Scholl reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Obermann
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden D-01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Wenhao Zheng
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research D-55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Jason Melidonie
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden D-01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Steffen Böckmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Westfählische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Münster D-48149 Münster Germany
| | - Silvio Osella
- Chemical and Biological Systems Simulation Lab, Centre of New Technologies University of Warsaw Banacha 2C Warsaw 02-097 Poland
| | - Nicolás Arisnabarreta
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - L Andrés Guerrero-León
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden D-01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Felix Hennersdorf
- Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons Mons 7000 Belgium
| | - Jan J Weigand
- Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research D-55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Westfählische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Münster D-48149 Münster Germany
| | - Hai I Wang
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research D-55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Ji Ma
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden D-01069 Dresden Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics Weinberg 2 06120 Halle Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden D-01069 Dresden Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics Weinberg 2 06120 Halle Germany
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8
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Lee J, Ryu H, Park S, Cho M, Choi TL. Living Suzuki-Miyaura Catalyst-Transfer Polymerization for Precision Synthesis of Length-Controlled Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons and Their Block Copolymers. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37376993 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The bottom-up synthesis of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) offers a promising approach for designing atomically precise GNRs with tuneable photophysical properties, but controlling their length remains a challenge. Herein, we report an efficient synthetic protocol for producing length-controlled armchair GNRs (AGNRs) through living Suzuki-Miyaura catalyst-transfer polymerization (SCTP) using RuPhos-Pd catalyst and mild graphitization methods. Initially, SCTP of a dialkynylphenylene monomer was optimized by modifying boronates and halide moieties on the monomers, affording poly(2,5-dialkynyl-p-phenylene) (PDAPP) with controlled molecular weight (Mn up to 29.8k) and narrow dispersity (Đ = 1.14-1.39) in excellent yield (>85%). Subsequently, we successfully obtained N = 5 AGNRs by employing a mild alkyne benzannulation reaction on the PDAPP precursor and confirmed their length retention by size-exclusion chromatography. In addition, photophysical characterization revealed that a molar absorptivity was directly proportional to the length of the AGNR, while its highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level remained constant within the given AGNR length. Furthermore, we prepared, for the very first time, N = 5 AGNR block copolymers with widely used donor or acceptor-conjugated polymers by taking advantage of the living SCTP. Finally, we achieved the lateral extension of AGNRs from N = 5 to 11 by oxidative cyclodehydrogenation in solution and confirmed their chemical structure and low band gap by various spectroscopic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanseul Ryu
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Songyee Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Lim Choi
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
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9
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Chen J, Wang C, Li H, Xu X, Yang J, Huo Z, Wang L, Zhang W, Xiao X, Ma Y. Recent Advances in Surface Modifications of Elemental Two-Dimensional Materials: Structures, Properties, and Applications. Molecules 2022; 28:200. [PMID: 36615394 PMCID: PMC9822514 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of graphene opens up the research into two-dimensional (2D) materials, which are considered revolutionary materials. Due to its unique geometric structure, graphene exhibits a series of exotic physical and chemical properties. In addition, single-element-based 2D materials (Xenes) have garnered tremendous interest. At present, 16 kinds of Xenes (silicene, borophene, germanene, phosphorene, tellurene, etc.) have been explored, mainly distributed in the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth main groups. The current methods to prepare monolayers or few-layer 2D materials include epitaxy growth, mechanical exfoliation, and liquid phase exfoliation. Although two Xenes (aluminene and indiene) have not been synthesized due to the limitations of synthetic methods and the stability of Xenes, other Xenes have been successfully created via elaborate artificial design and synthesis. Focusing on elemental 2D materials, this review mainly summarizes the recently reported work about tuning the electronic, optical, mechanical, and chemical properties of Xenes via surface modifications, achieved using controllable approaches (doping, adsorption, strain, intercalation, phase transition, etc.) to broaden their applications in various fields, including spintronics, electronics, optoelectronics, superconducting, photovoltaics, sensors, catalysis, and biomedicines. These advances in the surface modification of Xenes have laid a theoretical and experimental foundation for the development of 2D materials and their practical applications in diverse fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Matt Science, Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Chenhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Matt Science, Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Hao Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Lab of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jiangang Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhe Huo
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Matt Science, Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Matt Science, Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Matt Science, Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xudong Xiao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yaping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Matt Science, Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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10
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Yin J, Jacobse PH, Pyle D, Wang Z, Crommie MF, Dong G. Programmable Fabrication of Monodisperse Graphene Nanoribbons via Deterministic Iterative Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16012-16019. [PMID: 36017775 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
While enormous progress has been achieved in synthesizing atomically precise graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), the preparation of GNRs with a fully predetermined length and monomer sequence remains an unmet challenge. Here, we report a fabrication method that provides access to structurally diverse and monodisperse "designer" GNRs through utilization of an iterative synthesis strategy, in which a single monomer is incorporated into an oligomer chain during each chemical cycle. Surface-assisted cyclodehydrogenation is subsequently employed to generate the final nanoribbons, and bond-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy is utilized to characterize them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangliang Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Peter H Jacobse
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel Pyle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael F Crommie
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California, Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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11
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Zhang J, Ma J, Feng X. Precision Synthesis of Boron‐doped Graphene Nanoribbons: Recent Progress and Perspectives. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin‐Jiang Zhang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Ji Ma
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
- Department of Synthetic Materials and Functional Devices Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics Halle Germany
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12
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Zhang L, Tong P. Even-odd chain dependent spin valve effect on a zigzag biphenylene nanoribbon junction. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:395301. [PMID: 35839755 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac8196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The even-odd chain dependent spin valve effect was forecasted in some honeycomb graphene-like materials with zigzag edges. In this study, we confirm that the even-odd chain related spin valve phenomenon also exists in a zigzag biphenylene nanoribbon (ZBN) junction. By modeling the ZBN junction with different even and odd chains subjected to a local Rashba spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and a homogeneous magnetic field, we calculate the spin dependent conductance spectra between the source and the drain electrodes and find that the spin up (down) electron can be inhibited (allowed) to flow through the even (odd)-chain ZBN junction, which can be explained by the combined effect between the pseudo-parity conservation and magnetic field-tunable energy gap in the energy band theory. The switch on and off states of spin valve can be modulated by the most system parameters such as the Fermi energy, magnetic flux, and Rashba SOC. Furthermore, the ZBN can act as a gate-tunable spin generator and spin filter, in which we can get 100% polarized spin up (down) electrons with (no) spin-flipping from the even-chain ZBN junction, and only produce 27% polarized spin-converting electrons from the odd-chain ZBN junction. Our findings might be useful in designing future multi-parameter controllable spin valves by using the new carbon allotropes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiqing Tong
- Department of Physics and Institute of Theoretical Physics, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Numerical Simulation of Large Scale Complex Systems, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
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13
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Yang L, Ma J, Zheng W, Osella S, Droste J, Komber H, Liu K, Böckmann S, Beljonne D, Hansen MR, Bonn M, Wang HI, Liu J, Feng X. Solution Synthesis and Characterization of a Long and Curved Graphene Nanoribbon with Hybrid Cove-Armchair-Gulf Edge Structures. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200708. [PMID: 35322602 PMCID: PMC9259722 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Curved graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) with hybrid edge structures have recently attracted increasing attention due to their unique band structures and electronic properties as a result of their nonplanar conformation. This work reports the solution synthesis of a long and curved multi-edged GNR (cMGNR) with unprecedented cove-armchair-gulf edge structures. The synthesis involves an efficient A2 B2 -type Diels-Alder polymerization between a diethynyl-substituted prefused bichrysene monomer (3b) and a dicyclopenta[e,l]pyrene-5,11-dione derivative (6) followed by FeCl3 -mediated Scholl oxidative cyclodehydrogenation of the obtained polyarylenes (P1). Model compounds 1a and 1b are first synthesized to examine the suitability and efficiency of the corresponding polymers for the Scholl reaction. The successful formation of cMGNR from polymer P1 bearing prefused bichrysene units is confirmed by FTIR, Raman, and solid-state NMR analyses. The cove-edge structure of the cMGNR imparts the ribbon with a unique nonplanar conformation as revealed by density functional theory (DFT) simulation, which effectively enhances its dispersibility in solution. The cMGNR has a narrow optical bandgap of 1.61 eV, as estimated from the UV-vis absorption spectrum, which is among the family of low-bandgap solution-synthesized GNRs. Moreover, the cMGNR exhibits a carrier mobility of ≈2 cm2 V-1 s-1 inferred from contact-free terahertz spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed)Department of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenDresden01062Germany
| | - Ji Ma
- Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed)Department of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenDresden01062Germany
| | - Wenhao Zheng
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
| | - Silvio Osella
- Chemical and Biological Systems Simulation LabCentre of New TechnologiesUniversity of WarsawBanacha 2CWarsaw02–097Poland
| | - Jörn Droste
- Institute of Physical ChemistryWestfal̈ische Wilhelms‐Universitaẗ (WWU) MünsterCorrensstraße 28/30MünsterD‐48149Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz‐Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V.Hohe Straße 6Dresden01069Germany
| | - Kun Liu
- Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed)Department of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenDresden01062Germany
| | - Steffen Böckmann
- Institute of Physical ChemistryWestfal̈ische Wilhelms‐Universitaẗ (WWU) MünsterCorrensstraße 28/30MünsterD‐48149Germany
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel MaterialsUniversité de MonsMonsB‐7000Belgium
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Institute of Physical ChemistryWestfal̈ische Wilhelms‐Universitaẗ (WWU) MünsterCorrensstraße 28/30MünsterD‐48149Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
| | - Hai I. Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic ChemistryThe University of Hong KongPokfulam RoadHong Kong999077China
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed)Department of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenDresden01062Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure PhysicsWeinberg 2Halle06120Germany
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14
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Lee S, Park CS, Yoon H. Nanoparticulate Photoluminescent Probes for Bioimaging: Small Molecules and Polymers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4949. [PMID: 35563340 PMCID: PMC9100005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent interest in research on photoluminescent molecules due to their unique properties has played an important role in advancing the bioimaging field. In particular, small molecules and organic dots as probes have great potential for the achievement of bioimaging because of their desirable properties. In this review, we provide an introduction of probes consisting of fluorescent small molecules and polymers that emit light across the ultraviolet and near-infrared wavelength ranges, along with a brief summary of the most recent techniques for bioimaging. Since photoluminescence probes emitting light in different ranges have different goals and targets, their respective strategies also differ. Diverse and novel strategies using photoluminescence probes against targets have gradually been introduced in the related literature. Among recent papers (published within the last 5 years) on the topic, we here concentrate on the photophysical properties and strategies for the design of molecular probes, with key examples of in vivo photoluminescence research for practical applications. More in-depth studies on these probes will provide key insights into how to control the molecular structure and size/shape of organic probes for expanded bioimaging research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyuck Lee
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Chul Soon Park
- Drug Manufacturing Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Korea;
| | - Hyeonseok Yoon
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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15
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Kitao T, Zhang X, Uemura T. Nanoconfined synthesis of conjugated ladder polymers. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00809b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights recent advances in controlled synthesis of conjugated ladder polymers using templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kitao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- JST-PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Xiyuan Zhang
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Takashi Uemura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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16
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Wang X, Ma J, Zheng W, Osella S, Arisnabarreta N, Droste J, Serra G, Ivasenko O, Lucotti A, Beljonne D, Bonn M, Liu X, Hansen MR, Tommasini M, De Feyter S, Liu J, Wang HI, Feng X. Cove-Edged Graphene Nanoribbons with Incorporation of Periodic Zigzag-Edge Segments. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 144:228-235. [PMID: 34962807 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Structurally precision graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are promising candidates for next-generation nanoelectronics due to their intriguing and tunable electronic structures. GNRs with hybrid edge structures often confer them unique geometries associated with exotic physicochemical properties. Herein, a novel type of cove-edged GNRs with periodic short zigzag-edge segments is demonstrated. The bandgap of this GNR family can be tuned using an interplay between the length of the zigzag segments and the distance of two adjacent cove units along the opposite edges, which can be converted from semiconducting to nearly metallic. A family member with periodic cove-zigzag edges based on N = 6 zigzag-edged GNR, namely 6-CZGNR-(2,1), is successfully synthesized in solution through the Scholl reaction of a unique snakelike polymer precursor (10) that is achieved by the Yamamoto coupling of a structurally flexible S-shaped phenanthrene-based monomer (1). The efficiency of cyclodehydrogenation of polymer 10 toward 6-CZGNR-(2,1) is validated by FT-IR, Raman, and UV-vis spectroscopies, as well as by the study of two representative model compounds (2 and 3). Remarkably, the resultant 6-CZGNR-(2,1) exhibits an extended and broad absorption in the near-infrared region with a record narrow optical bandgap of 0.99 eV among the reported solution-synthesized GNRs. Moreover, 6-CZGNR-(2,1) exhibits a high macroscopic carrier mobility of ∼20 cm2 V-1 s-1 determined by terahertz spectroscopy, primarily due to the intrinsically small effective mass (m*e = m*h = 0.17 m0), rendering this GNR a promising candidate for nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material and Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, P.R. China.,Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ji Ma
- Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Wenhao Zheng
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Silvio Osella
- Chemical and Biological Systems Simulation Lab, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nicolás Arisnabarreta
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jörn Droste
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Westfal̈ische Wilhelms-Universitaẗ Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gianluca Serra
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Oleksandr Ivasenko
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrea Lucotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Université de Mons, Place du Parc, 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiangyang Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material and Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Westfal̈ische Wilhelms-Universitaẗ Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hai I Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle 06120 Germany
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17
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Wei T, Hauke F, Hirsch A. Evolution of Graphene Patterning: From Dimension Regulation to Molecular Engineering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2104060. [PMID: 34569112 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The realization that nanostructured graphene featuring nanoscale width can confine electrons to open its bandgap has aroused scientists' attention to the regulation of graphene structures, where the concept of graphene patterns emerged. Exploring various effective methods for creating graphene patterns has led to the birth of a new field termed graphene patterning, which has evolved into the most vigorous and intriguing branch of graphene research during the past decade. The efforts in this field have resulted in the development of numerous strategies to structure graphene, affording a variety of graphene patterns with tailored shapes and sizes. The established patterning approaches combined with graphene chemistry yields a novel chemical patterning route via molecular engineering, which opens up a new era in graphene research. In this review, the currently developed graphene patterning strategies is systematically outlined, with emphasis on the chemical patterning. In addition to introducing the basic concepts and the important progress of traditional methods, which are generally categorized into top-down, bottom-up technologies, an exhaustive review of established protocols for emerging chemical patterning is presented. At the end, an outlook for future development and challenges is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Joint Institute of Advance Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Hauke
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Joint Institute of Advance Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Joint Institute of Advance Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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18
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Bo W, Zou Y, Wang J. Novel electrical properties and applications in kaleidoscopic graphene nanoribbons. RSC Adv 2021; 11:33675-33691. [PMID: 35497508 PMCID: PMC9042372 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05902e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the representatives of nano-graphene materials, graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have more novel electrical properties, highly adjustable electronic properties, and optoelectronic properties than graphene due to their diverse geometric structures and atomic precision configurations. The electrical properties and band gaps of GNRs depend on their width, length, boundary configuration and other elemental doping, etc. With the improvement of the preparation technology and level of GNRs with atomic precision, increasing number of GNRs with different configurations are being prepared. They all show novel electrical properties and high tunability, which provides a broad prospect for the application of GNRs in the field of microelectronics. Here, we summarize the latest GNR-based achievements in recent years and summarize the latest electrical properties and potential applications of GNRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Bo
- College of Science, Liaoning Petrochemical University Fushun 113001 China
| | - Yi Zou
- College of Science, Liaoning Petrochemical University Fushun 113001 China
| | - Jingang Wang
- College of Science, Liaoning Petrochemical University Fushun 113001 China
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19
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Negishi R, Yamamoto K, Tanaka H, Mojtahedzadeh SA, Mori N, Kobayashi Y. Crossover point of the field effect transistor and interconnect applications in turbostratic multilayer graphene nanoribbon channel. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10206. [PMID: 33986439 PMCID: PMC8119723 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89709-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrical transport properties of a turbostratic multilayer graphene nanoribbon (GNR) with various number of layers (1-8 layers) were investigated using a field effect transistor with a single GNR channel. In the turbostratic multilayer GNR with 5 layers or less, the carrier mobility and Ion/Ioff ratio in the FETs were improved by slightly increasing the conductance with increasing the number of layers, meaning that the excellent semiconducting characteristic. The improvement of the carrier transport properties promotes by the turbostratic stacking structure. In the turbostratic multilayer GNR with 6 layers or more, although the Ion/Ioff ratio degraded, the conductance extremely improved with increasing the number of layers. This indicates that the turbostratic multilayer GNR with thicker number of layers becomes the significantly lower resistivity wire as a metallic characteristic. We revealed that the crossover point of the physical properties between the semiconducting and metallic characteristics is determined by the strength to screen the surrounding environment effects such as charged impurity on the substrate. Our comprehensive investigation provides a design guidance for the various electrical device applications of GNR materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Negishi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Faculty of Science and of Engineering, Department of Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama, 350-8585, Japan.
| | - Katsuma Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tanaka
- Research Center for Neuromorphic AI Hardware, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, 808-0196, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Science and System Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, 808-0196, Japan
| | - Seyed Ali Mojtahedzadeh
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nobuya Mori
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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20
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Saraswat V, Jacobberger RM, Arnold MS. Materials Science Challenges to Graphene Nanoribbon Electronics. ACS NANO 2021; 15:3674-3708. [PMID: 33656860 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have recently emerged as promising candidates for channel materials in future nanoelectronic devices due to their exceptional electronic, thermal, and mechanical properties and chemical inertness. However, the adoption of GNRs in commercial technologies is currently hampered by materials science and integration challenges pertaining to synthesis and devices. In this Review, we present an overview of the current status of challenges, recent breakthroughs toward overcoming these challenges, and possible future directions for the field of GNR electronics. We motivate the need for exploration of scalable synthetic techniques that yield atomically precise, placed, registered, and oriented GNRs on CMOS-compatible substrates and stimulate ideas for contact and dielectric engineering to realize experimental performance close to theoretically predicted metrics. We also briefly discuss unconventional device architectures that could be experimentally investigated to harness the maximum potential of GNRs in future spintronic and quantum information technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Saraswat
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Robert M Jacobberger
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Michael S Arnold
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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21
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Limosani F, Kaur R, Cataldo A, Bellucci S, Micciulla F, Zanoni R, Lembo A, Wang B, Pizzoferrato R, Guldi DM, Tagliatesta P. Designing Cascades of Electron Transfer Processes in Multicomponent Graphene Conjugates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Limosani
- Fusion and Nuclear Department Photonics Micro and Nanostructures Laboratory ENEA Via E. Fermi 45 00044 Frascati Rome Italy
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies University of Rome Tor Vergata Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Ramandeep Kaur
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Antonino Cataldo
- Department of Information Engineering Polytechnic University of Marche Via Brecce Bianche, 1 60131 Ancona Italy
- INFN- National laboratories of Frascati Via Enrico Fermi 40 00044 Frascati Rome Italy
| | - Stefano Bellucci
- INFN- National laboratories of Frascati Via Enrico Fermi 40 00044 Frascati Rome Italy
| | | | - Robertino Zanoni
- Department of Chemistry University of Rome “La Sapienza” Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Angelo Lembo
- Department of Drug Metabolism and PharmacoKinetic IRBM SpA Via Pontina km 30.600 00071 Pomezia Rome Italy
| | - Bingzhe Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Roberto Pizzoferrato
- Department of Industrial Engineering University of Rome Tor Vergata Via del Politecnico 1 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Pietro Tagliatesta
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies University of Rome Tor Vergata Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 00133 Rome Italy
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22
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Limosani F, Kaur R, Cataldo A, Bellucci S, Micciulla F, Zanoni R, Lembo A, Wang B, Pizzoferrato R, Guldi DM, Tagliatesta P. Designing Cascades of Electron Transfer Processes in Multicomponent Graphene Conjugates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23706-23715. [PMID: 32886436 PMCID: PMC7756474 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel family of nanocarbon-based materials was designed, synthesized, and probed within the context of charge-transfer cascades. We integrated electron-donating ferrocenes with light-harvesting/electron-donating (metallo)porphyrins and electron-accepting graphene nanoplates (GNP) into multicomponent conjugates. To control the rate of charge flow between the individual building blocks, we bridged them via oligo-p-phenyleneethynylenes of variable lengths by β-linkages and the Prato-Maggini reaction. With steady-state absorption, fluorescence, Raman, and XPS measurements we realized the basic physico-chemical characterization of the photo- and redox-active components and the multicomponent conjugates. Going beyond this, we performed transient absorption measurements and corroborated by single wavelength and target analyses that the selective (metallo)porphyrin photoexcitation triggers a cascade of charge transfer events, that is, charge separation, charge shift, and charge recombination, to enable the directed charge flow. The net result is a few nanosecond-lived charge-separated state featuring a GNP-delocalized electron and a one-electron oxidized ferrocenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Limosani
- Fusion and Nuclear DepartmentPhotonics Micro and Nanostructures LaboratoryENEAVia E. Fermi 4500044 FrascatiRomeItaly
- Department of Chemical Science and TechnologiesUniversity of Rome Tor VergataVia della Ricerca Scientifica 100133RomeItaly
| | - Ramandeep Kaur
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular MaterialsDepartment of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Antonino Cataldo
- Department of Information EngineeringPolytechnic University of MarcheVia Brecce Bianche, 160131AnconaItaly
- INFN- National laboratories of FrascatiVia Enrico Fermi 4000044 FrascatiRomeItaly
| | - Stefano Bellucci
- INFN- National laboratories of FrascatiVia Enrico Fermi 4000044 FrascatiRomeItaly
| | | | - Robertino Zanoni
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Rome “La Sapienza”Piazzale Aldo Moro 500185RomeItaly
| | - Angelo Lembo
- Department of Drug Metabolism and PharmacoKineticIRBM SpAVia Pontina km 30.60000071 PomeziaRomeItaly
| | - Bingzhe Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular MaterialsDepartment of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Roberto Pizzoferrato
- Department of Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Rome Tor VergataVia del Politecnico 100133RomeItaly
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular MaterialsDepartment of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Pietro Tagliatesta
- Department of Chemical Science and TechnologiesUniversity of Rome Tor VergataVia della Ricerca Scientifica 100133RomeItaly
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23
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Niu W, Ma J, Soltani P, Zheng W, Liu F, Popov AA, Weigand JJ, Komber H, Poliani E, Casiraghi C, Droste J, Hansen MR, Osella S, Beljonne D, Bonn M, Wang HI, Feng X, Liu J, Mai Y. A Curved Graphene Nanoribbon with Multi-Edge Structure and High Intrinsic Charge Carrier Mobility. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:18293-18298. [PMID: 33078947 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Structurally well-defined graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have emerged as highly promising materials for the next-generation nanoelectronics. The electronic properties of GNRs critically depend on their edge topologies. Here, we demonstrate the efficient synthesis of a curved GNR (cGNR) with a combined cove, zigzag, and armchair edge structure, through bottom-up synthesis. The curvature of the cGNR is elucidated by the corresponding model compounds tetrabenzo[a,cd,j,lm]perylene (1) and diphenanthrene-fused tetrabenzo[a,cd,j,lm]perylene (2), the structures of which are unambiguously confirmed by the X-ray single-crystal analysis. The resultant multi-edged cGNR exhibits a well-resolved absorption at the near-infrared (NIR) region with a maximum peak at 850 nm, corresponding to a narrow optical energy gap of ∼1.22 eV. Employing THz spectroscopy, we disclose a long scattering time of ∼60 fs, corresponding to a record intrinsic charge carrier mobility of ∼600 cm2 V-1 s-1 for photogenerated charge carriers in cGNR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Niu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.,Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ji Ma
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Paniz Soltani
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Wenhao Zheng
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan J Weigand
- Department of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Emanuele Poliani
- Department of Chemistry, Manchester University, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Cinzia Casiraghi
- Department of Chemistry, Manchester University, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Jörn Droste
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Silvio Osella
- Biological Systems Simulation Lab, Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Université de Mons, Place du Parc, 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hai I Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yiyong Mai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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24
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Olean-Oliveira A, Oliveira Brito GA, Teixeira MFS. Mechanism of Nanocomposite Formation in the Layer-by-Layer Single-Step Electropolymerization of π-Conjugated Azopolymers and Reduced Graphene Oxide: An Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Study. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:25954-25967. [PMID: 33073122 PMCID: PMC7557956 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a study of the formation mechanism of electrochemically deposited alternating layers of azopolymer and graphene oxide, as well as a systematic study of the physicochemical characteristics of the resulting nanocomposite films by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The nanocomposite films were constructed by cyclic electropolymerization, which allowed for the assembly of thin films with alternating azopolymers and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) layers in one step. Morphological characterizations were performed by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy and verified that the electrodeposition of the poly(azo-BBY) polymeric film occurred during the anodic sweep, and the deposition of graphene oxide sheets took place during the cathodic sweep. By analyzing the electrochemical impedance spectra using equivalent circuit models, variations in the resistance and capacitance values of the system were monitored as a function of the amount of electrodeposited material on the fluorine doped tin oxide electrode. In addition, the interfacial phenomena that occurred during the electroreduction of the rGO sheets were monitored with the same method.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Olean-Oliveira
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo 19060-900, Brazil
| | - Gilberto A. Oliveira Brito
- Department
of Chemistry, Pontal Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Ituiutaba, Minas Gerais 38302-402, Brazil
| | - Marcos F. S. Teixeira
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo 19060-900, Brazil
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25
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Luan X, Martín C, Zhang P, Li Q, Vacchi IA, Delogu LG, Mai Y, Bianco A. Degradation of Structurally Defined Graphene Nanoribbons by Myeloperoxidase and the Photo‐Fenton Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Luan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Cristina Martín
- CNRS Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572 University of Strasbourg ISIS 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Isabella Anna Vacchi
- CNRS Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572 University of Strasbourg ISIS 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Lucia Gemma Delogu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padua 35121 Padova Italy
| | - Yiyong Mai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Alberto Bianco
- CNRS Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572 University of Strasbourg ISIS 67000 Strasbourg France
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26
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Luan X, Martín C, Zhang P, Li Q, Vacchi IA, Delogu LG, Mai Y, Bianco A. Degradation of Structurally Defined Graphene Nanoribbons by Myeloperoxidase and the Photo‐Fenton Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18515-18521. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Luan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Cristina Martín
- CNRS Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572 University of Strasbourg ISIS 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Isabella Anna Vacchi
- CNRS Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572 University of Strasbourg ISIS 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Lucia Gemma Delogu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padua 35121 Padova Italy
| | - Yiyong Mai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Alberto Bianco
- CNRS Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572 University of Strasbourg ISIS 67000 Strasbourg France
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27
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Shekhirev M, Lipatov A, Torres A, Vorobeva NS, Harkleroad A, Lashkov A, Sysoev V, Sinitskii A. Highly Selective Gas Sensors Based on Graphene Nanoribbons Grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:7392-7402. [PMID: 32011111 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the recent advances in bottom-up synthesis of different kinds of atomically precise graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) with very diverse physical properties, the translation of these GNRs into electronic devices remains challenging. Among other factors, the electronic characterization of GNRs is hampered by their complex synthesis that often requires custom-made organic precursors and the need for their transfer to dielectric substrates compatible with the conventional device fabrication procedures. In this paper, we demonstrate that uniform electrically conductive GNR films can be grown on arbitrary high-temperature-resistant substrates, such as metals, Si/SiO2, or silica glasses, by a simple chemical vapor deposition (CVD) approach based on thermal decomposition of commercially available perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride molecules. The results of spectroscopic and microscopic characterization of the CVD-grown films were consistent with the formation of oxygen-terminated N = 5 armchair GNRs. The CVD-grown nanoribbon films exhibited an ambipolar electric field effect and low on-off ratios, which were in agreement with the predicted metallic properties of N = 5 armchair GNRs, and remarkable gas sensing properties to a variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). We fabricated a GNR-based electronic nose system that could reliably recognize VOCs from different chemical classes including alcohols (methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol) and amines (n-butylamine, diethylamine, and triethylamine). The simplicity of the described CVD approach and its compatibility with the conventional device fabrication procedures, as well as the demonstrated sensitivity of the GNR devices to a variety of VOCs, warrant further investigation of CVD-grown nanoribbons for sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Shekhirev
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , United States
| | - Alexey Lipatov
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , United States
| | - Angel Torres
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , United States
| | - Nataliia S Vorobeva
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , United States
| | - Ashley Harkleroad
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , United States
| | - Andrey Lashkov
- Department of Physics , Yuri Gagarin State Technical University , Saratov , 410054 , Russia
| | - Victor Sysoev
- Department of Physics , Yuri Gagarin State Technical University , Saratov , 410054 , Russia
- National University of Science and Technology "MISiS" , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | - Alexander Sinitskii
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , United States
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , United States
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28
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Di Giovannantonio M, Keerthi A, Urgel JI, Baumgarten M, Feng X, Ruffieux P, Narita A, Fasel R, Müllen K. On-Surface Dehydro-Diels-Alder Reaction of Dibromo-bis(phenylethynyl)benzene. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:1721-1725. [PMID: 31931559 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis under ultrahigh vacuum conditions is a powerful tool to achieve molecular structures that cannot be accessed via traditional wet chemistry. Nevertheless, only a very limited number of chemical reactions out of the wide variety known from solution chemistry have been reported to proceed readily on atomically flat substrates. Cycloadditions are a class of reactions that are particularly important in the synthesis of sp2-hybridized carbon-based nanostructures. Here, we report on a specific type of [4 + 2] cycloaddition, namely, a dehydro-Diels-Alder (DDA) reaction, performed between bis(phenylethynyl)-benzene precursors on Au(111). Unlike a Diels-Alder reaction, DDA exploits ethynyl groups to achieve the formation of an extra six-membered ring. Despite its extensive use in solution chemistry for more than a century, this reaction has never been reported to occur on surfaces. The specific choice of our precursor molecule has led to the successful synthesis of benzo- and naphtho-fused tetracene and heptacene products bearing styryl groups, as confirmed by scanning tunneling microscopy and noncontact atomic force microscopy. The two products arise from dimerization and trimerization of the precursor molecules, respectively, and their observation opens perspectives to use DDA reactions as a novel on-surface synthesis tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Di Giovannantonio
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory , Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Ashok Keerthi
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , 55128 Mainz , Germany.,Department of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , M13 9PL Manchester , U.K
| | - José I Urgel
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory , Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | | | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory , Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , 55128 Mainz , Germany.,Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University , 904-0495 Okinawa , Japan
| | - Roman Fasel
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory , Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , 3012 Bern , Switzerland
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , 55128 Mainz , Germany
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29
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Tian W, Cheng C, Wang C, Li W. Research Progress on Thermal Conductivity of Graphdiyne Nanoribbons and its Defects: A Review. RECENT PATENTS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 14:294-306. [PMID: 32525786 DOI: 10.2174/1872210514666200611094435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graphdiyne has a unique pi-conjugated structure, perfect pore distribution and adjustable electronic properties of sp2, sp hybrid planar framework. Due to the presence of acetylenic bonds, it has more excellent properties compared to grapheme, such as a unique structure-dependent Dirac cone, abundant carbon bonds and a large bandgap. As one of the important raw materials for nanodevices, it is extremely important to study the thermal properties of graphdiyne nanoribbon. OBJECTIVE This paper mainly introduces and discusses recent academic research and patents on the preparation methods and thermal conductivity of graphdiyne nanoribbons. Besides, the applications in engineering and vacancy defects in the preparation process of graphdiyne are described. METHODS Firstly, taking thermal conductivity as an index, the thermal conductivity of graphdiyne with various vacancy defects is discussed from the aspects of length, defect location and defect type. In addition, the graphdiyne nanoribbons were laterally compared with the thermal conductivity of the graphene nanoribbons. RESULTS The thermal conductivity of graphdiyne with defects increases with the length and width, which is lower than the intrinsic graphdiyne. The thermal conductivity of the acetylene chain lacking one carbon atom is higher than the one lacking the benzene ring. Typically, the thermal conductivity is larger in armchair than that of zigzag in the same size. Moreover the thermal conductivity of nanoribbons with double vacancy defects is lower than those nanoribbons with single vacancy defects, which can also decrease with the increase of temperature and the number of acetylene chains. The thermal conductivity is not sensitive to shear strain. CONCLUSION Due to the unique structure and electronic characteristics, graphdiyne has provoked an extensive research interest in the field of nanoscience. Graphdiyne is considered as one of the most promising materials of next-generation electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Tian
- School of Electro-Mechanical Engineering, Xidian University, No. 2, TaiBai South Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, China
| | - Chunmin Cheng
- School of Electro-Mechanical Engineering, Xidian University, No. 2, TaiBai South Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, China
| | - Chuqiao Wang
- School of Electro-Mechanical Engineering, Xidian University, No. 2, TaiBai South Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, China
| | - Wenhua Li
- School of Electro-Mechanical Engineering, Xidian University, No. 2, TaiBai South Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, China
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30
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Yano Y, Mitoma N, Ito H, Itami K. A Quest for Structurally Uniform Graphene Nanoribbons: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications. J Org Chem 2019; 85:4-33. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuuta Yano
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Mitoma
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hideto Ito
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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31
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Synthetic Engineering of Graphene Nanoribbons with Excellent Liquid-Phase Processability. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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32
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Xu F, Yu C, Tries A, Zhang H, Kläui M, Basse K, Hansen MR, Bilbao N, Bonn M, Wang HI, Mai Y. Tunable Superstructures of Dendronized Graphene Nanoribbons in Liquid Phase. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:10972-10977. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fugui Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chunyang Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Alexander Tries
- Max Planck Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Staudingerweg 9, 55128 Mainz; Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudinger Weg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Heng Zhang
- Max Planck Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mathias Kläui
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Staudingerweg 9, 55128 Mainz; Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudinger Weg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kristoffer Basse
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Institute of Physical
Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Nerea Bilbao
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan, 200 F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hai I. Wang
- Max Planck Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yiyong Mai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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33
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34
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Liu K, Lalancette RA, Jäkle F. Tuning the Structure and Electronic Properties of B–N Fused Dipyridylanthracene and Implications on the Self-Sensitized Reactivity with Singlet Oxygen. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:7453-7462. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanglei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University−Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Roger A. Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University−Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University−Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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