1
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Li Y, Lei H, Wen X, Cao H. A powerful approach to identify replicable variants in genome-wide association studies. Am J Hum Genet 2024; 111:966-978. [PMID: 38701746 PMCID: PMC11080610 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Replicability is the cornerstone of modern scientific research. Reliable identifications of genotype-phenotype associations that are significant in multiple genome-wide association studies (GWASs) provide stronger evidence for the findings. Current replicability analysis relies on the independence assumption among single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and ignores the linkage disequilibrium (LD) structure. We show that such a strategy may produce either overly liberal or overly conservative results in practice. We develop an efficient method, ReAD, to detect replicable SNPs associated with the phenotype from two GWASs accounting for the LD structure. The local dependence structure of SNPs across two heterogeneous studies is captured by a four-state hidden Markov model (HMM) built on two sequences of p values. By incorporating information from adjacent locations via the HMM, our approach provides more accurate SNP significance rankings. ReAD is scalable, platform independent, and more powerful than existing replicability analysis methods with effective false discovery rate control. Through analysis of datasets from two asthma GWASs and two ulcerative colitis GWASs, we show that ReAD can identify replicable genetic loci that existing methods might otherwise miss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China; School of Mathematics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Haochen Lei
- Department of Statistics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Xiaoquan Wen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hongyuan Cao
- Department of Statistics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
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2
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Bastarache L, Delozier S, Pandit A, He J, Lewis A, Annis AC, LeFaive J, Denny JC, Carroll RJ, Altman RB, Hughey JJ, Zawistowski M, Peterson JF. The phenotype-genotype reference map: Improving biobank data science through replication. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:1522-1533. [PMID: 37607538 PMCID: PMC10502848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Population-scale biobanks linked to electronic health record data provide vast opportunities to extend our knowledge of human genetics and discover new phenotype-genotype associations. Given their dense phenotype data, biobanks can also facilitate replication studies on a phenome-wide scale. Here, we introduce the phenotype-genotype reference map (PGRM), a set of 5,879 genetic associations from 523 GWAS publications that can be used for high-throughput replication experiments. PGRM phenotypes are standardized as phecodes, ensuring interoperability between biobanks. We applied the PGRM to five ancestry-specific cohorts from four independent biobanks and found evidence of robust replications across a wide array of phenotypes. We show how the PGRM can be used to detect data corruption and to empirically assess parameters for phenome-wide studies. Finally, we use the PGRM to explore factors associated with replicability of GWAS results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bastarache
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Sarah Delozier
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anita Pandit
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jing He
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Adam Lewis
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Aubrey C Annis
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jonathon LeFaive
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Joshua C Denny
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert J Carroll
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Russ B Altman
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jacob J Hughey
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Matthew Zawistowski
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Josh F Peterson
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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3
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Lakiotaki K, Papadovasilakis Z, Lagani V, Fafalios S, Charonyktakis P, Tsagris M, Tsamardinos I. Automated machine learning for genome wide association studies. Bioinformatics 2023; 39:btad545. [PMID: 37672022 PMCID: PMC10562960 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btad545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) present several computational and statistical challenges for their data analysis, including knowledge discovery, interpretability, and translation to clinical practice. RESULTS We develop, apply, and comparatively evaluate an automated machine learning (AutoML) approach, customized for genomic data that delivers reliable predictive and diagnostic models, the set of genetic variants that are important for predictions (called a biosignature), and an estimate of the out-of-sample predictive power. This AutoML approach discovers variants with higher predictive performance compared to standard GWAS methods, computes an individual risk prediction score, generalizes to new, unseen data, is shown to better differentiate causal variants from other highly correlated variants, and enhances knowledge discovery and interpretability by reporting multiple equivalent biosignatures. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Code for this study is available at: https://github.com/mensxmachina/autoML-GWAS. JADBio offers a free version at: https://jadbio.com/sign-up/. SNP data can be downloaded from the EGA repository (https://ega-archive.org/). PRS data are found at: https://www.aicrowd.com/challenges/opensnp-height-prediction. Simulation data to study population structure can be found at: https://easygwas.ethz.ch/data/public/dataset/view/1/.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zaharias Papadovasilakis
- Department of Computer Science, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- JADBio Gnosis DA S.A., Science and Technology Park of Crete, GR-70013 Heraklion, Greece
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Tolerance, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vincenzo Lagani
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology KAUST, Thuwal 23952, Saudi Arabia
- SDAIA-KAUST Center of Excellence in Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Thuwal 23952, Saudi Arabia
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Stefanos Fafalios
- Department of Computer Science, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- JADBio Gnosis DA S.A., Science and Technology Park of Crete, GR-70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Paulos Charonyktakis
- JADBio Gnosis DA S.A., Science and Technology Park of Crete, GR-70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Michail Tsagris
- Department of Computer Science, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Economics, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tsamardinos
- Department of Computer Science, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- JADBio Gnosis DA S.A., Science and Technology Park of Crete, GR-70013 Heraklion, Greece
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4
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Kao PY, Chen MH, Chang WA, Pan ML, Shu WD, Jong YJ, Huang HD, Wang CY, Chu HY, Pan CT, Liu YL, Lin YS. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the personality constructs in CPAI-2 in Taiwanese Hakka populations. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281903. [PMID: 36800362 PMCID: PMC9937499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Here in this study we adopted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to investigate the genetic components of the personality constructs in the Chinese Personality Assessment Inventory 2 (CPAI-2) in Taiwanese Hakka populations, who are likely the descendants of a recent admixture between a group of Chinese immigrants with high emigration intention and a group of the Taiwanese aboriginal population generally without it. A total of 279 qualified participants were examined and genotyped by an Illumina array with 547,644 SNPs to perform the GWAS. Although our sample size is small and that unavoidably limits our statistical power (Type 2 error but not Type 1 error), we still found three genomic regions showing strong association with Enterprise, Diversity, and Logical vs. Affective Orientation, respectively. Multiple genes around the identified regions were reported to be nervous system related, which suggests that genetic variants underlying the certain personalities should indeed exist in the nearby areas. It is likely that the recent immigration and admixture history of the Taiwanese Hakka people created strong linkage disequilibrium between the emigration intention-related genetic variants and their neighboring genetic markers, so that we could identify them despite with only limited statistical power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ying Kao
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hui Chen
- Department of Hakka Language and Social Science, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-An Chang
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Lin Pan
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Der Shu
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Jyh Jong
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Departments of Pediatrics and Laboratory Medicine, KMU Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Da Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yan Wang
- Institute of Education, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Yan Chu
- Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Tsung Pan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Lan Liu
- Institute of Education, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YLL); (YSL)
| | - Yeong-Shin Lin
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YLL); (YSL)
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5
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Sha Z, Schijven D, Fisher SE, Francks C. Genetic architecture of the white matter connectome of the human brain. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd2870. [PMID: 36800424 PMCID: PMC9937579 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add2870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
White matter tracts form the structural basis of large-scale brain networks. We applied brain-wide tractography to diffusion images from 30,810 adults (U.K. Biobank) and found significant heritability for 90 node-level and 851 edge-level network connectivity measures. Multivariate genome-wide association analyses identified 325 genetic loci, of which 80% had not been previously associated with brain metrics. Enrichment analyses implicated neurodevelopmental processes including neurogenesis, neural differentiation, neural migration, neural projection guidance, and axon development, as well as prenatal brain expression especially in stem cells, astrocytes, microglia, and neurons. The multivariate association profiles implicated 31 loci in connectivity between core regions of the left-hemisphere language network. Polygenic scores for psychiatric, neurological, and behavioral traits also showed significant multivariate associations with structural connectivity, each implicating distinct sets of brain regions with trait-relevant functional profiles. This large-scale mapping study revealed common genetic contributions to variation in the structural connectome of the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Sha
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Dick Schijven
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Simon E. Fisher
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Clyde Francks
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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6
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Levin MG, Huffman JE, Verma A, Sullivan KA, Rodriguez AA, Kainer D, Garvin MR, Lane M, Cashman M, Miller JI, Won H, Li B, Luo Y, Jarvik GP, Hakonarson H, Jasper EA, Bick AG, Tsao PS, Ritchie MD, Jacobson DA, Madduri RK, Damrauer SM. Genetics of varicose veins reveals polygenic architecture and genetic overlap with arterial and venous disease. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2023; 2:44-57. [PMID: 39196206 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00196-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Varicose veins represent a common cause of cardiovascular morbidity, with limited available medical therapies. Although varicose veins are heritable and epidemiologic studies have identified several candidate varicose vein risk factors, the molecular and genetic basis remains uncertain. Here we analyzed the contribution of common genetic variants to varicose veins using data from the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program and four other large biobanks. Among 49,765 individuals with varicose veins and 1,334,301 disease-free controls, we identified 139 risk loci. We identified genetic overlap between varicose veins, other vascular diseases and dozens of anthropometric factors. Using Mendelian randomization, we prioritized therapeutic targets via integration of proteomic and transcriptomic data. Finally, topological enrichment analyses confirmed the biologic roles of endothelial shear flow disruption, inflammation, vascular remodeling and angiogenesis. These findings may facilitate future efforts to develop nonsurgical therapies for varicose veins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Levin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer E Huffman
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anurag Verma
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kyle A Sullivan
- Computational and Predictive Biology, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Alexis A Rodriguez
- Data Science and Learning Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - David Kainer
- Computational and Predictive Biology, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Michael R Garvin
- Computational and Predictive Biology, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Matthew Lane
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Mikaela Cashman
- Computational and Predictive Biology, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - J Izaak Miller
- Computational and Predictive Biology, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Hyejung Won
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Binglan Li
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Luo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gail P Jarvik
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Medical Genetics) and Genome Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Jasper
- Division of Quantitative Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alexander G Bick
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Philip S Tsao
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marylyn D Ritchie
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel A Jacobson
- Computational and Predictive Biology, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Ravi K Madduri
- Data Science and Learning Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Scott M Damrauer
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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7
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Mompeo O, Freidin MB, Gibson R, Hysi PG, Christofidou P, Segal E, Valdes AM, Spector TD, Menni C, Mangino M. Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Over 170,000 Individuals from the UK Biobank Identifies Seven Loci Associated with Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet. Nutrients 2022; 14:4431. [PMID: 36297114 PMCID: PMC9611599 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet is a modifiable risk factor for common chronic diseases and mental health disorders, and its effects are under partial genetic control. To estimate the impact of diet on individual health, most epidemiological and genetic studies have focused on individual aspects of dietary intake. However, analysing individual food groups in isolation does not capture the complexity of the whole diet pattern. Dietary indices enable a holistic estimation of diet and account for the intercorrelations between food and nutrients. In this study we performed the first ever genome-wide association study (GWA) including 173,701 individuals from the UK Biobank to identify genetic variants associated with the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. DASH was calculated using the 24 h-recall questionnaire collected by UK Biobank. The GWA was performed using a linear mixed model implemented in BOLT-LMM. We identified seven independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with DASH. Significant genetic correlations were observed between DASH and several educational traits with a significant enrichment for genes involved in the AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) activation that controls the appetite by regulating the signalling in the hypothalamus. The colocalization analysis implicates genes involved in body mass index (BMI)/obesity and neuroticism (ARPP21, RP11-62H7.2, MFHAS1, RHEBL1). The Mendelian randomisation analysis suggested that increased DASH score, which reflect a healthy diet style, is causal of lower glucose, and insulin levels. These findings further our knowledge of the pathways underlying the relationship between diet and health outcomes. They may have significant implications for global public health and provide future dietary recommendations for the prevention of common chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olatz Mompeo
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Maxim B. Freidin
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Rachel Gibson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Pirro G. Hysi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Paraskevi Christofidou
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Eran Segal
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ana M. Valdes
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Academic Rheumatology Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham City Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Tim D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Cristina Menni
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St Thomas’ Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK
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8
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Avery CL, Howard AG, Ballou AF, Buchanan VL, Collins JM, Downie CG, Engel SM, Graff M, Highland HM, Lee MP, Lilly AG, Lu K, Rager JE, Staley BS, North KE, Gordon-Larsen P. Strengthening Causal Inference in Exposomics Research: Application of Genetic Data and Methods. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:55001. [PMID: 35533073 PMCID: PMC9084332 DOI: 10.1289/ehp9098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Advances in technologies to measure a broad set of exposures have led to a range of exposome research efforts. Yet, these efforts have insufficiently integrated methods that incorporate genetic data to strengthen causal inference, despite evidence that many exposome-associated phenotypes are heritable. Objective: We demonstrate how integration of methods and study designs that incorporate genetic data can strengthen causal inference in exposomics research by helping address six challenges: reverse causation and unmeasured confounding, comprehensive examination of phenotypic effects, low efficiency, replication, multilevel data integration, and characterization of tissue-specific effects. Examples are drawn from studies of biomarkers and health behaviors, exposure domains where the causal inference methods we describe are most often applied. Discussion: Technological, computational, and statistical advances in genotyping, imputation, and analysis, combined with broad data sharing and cross-study collaborations, offer multiple opportunities to strengthen causal inference in exposomics research. Full application of these opportunities will require an expanded understanding of genetic variants that predict exposome phenotypes as well as an appreciation that the utility of genetic variants for causal inference will vary by exposure and may depend on large sample sizes. However, several of these challenges can be addressed through international scientific collaborations that prioritize data sharing. Ultimately, we anticipate that efforts to better integrate methods that incorporate genetic data will extend the reach of exposomics research by helping address the challenges of comprehensively measuring the exposome and its health effects across studies, the life course, and in varied contexts and diverse populations. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9098.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy L Avery
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Carolina Population Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Annie Green Howard
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Carolina Population Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anna F Ballou
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Victoria L Buchanan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jason M Collins
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carolina G Downie
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stephanie M Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Heather M Highland
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Moa P Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Adam G Lilly
- Carolina Population Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Sociology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Julia E Rager
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brooke S Staley
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Penny Gordon-Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Carolina Population Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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9
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Downie CG, Dimos SF, Bien SA, Hu Y, Darst BF, Polfus LM, Wang Y, Wojcik GL, Tao R, Raffield LM, Armstrong ND, Polikowsky HG, Below JE, Correa A, Irvin MR, Rasmussen-Torvik LJF, Carlson CS, Phillips LS, Liu S, Pankow JS, Rich SS, Rotter JI, Buyske S, Matise TC, North KE, Avery CL, Haiman CA, Loos RJF, Kooperberg C, Graff M, Highland HM. Multi-ethnic GWAS and fine-mapping of glycaemic traits identify novel loci in the PAGE Study. Diabetologia 2022; 65:477-489. [PMID: 34951656 PMCID: PMC8810722 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05635-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Type 2 diabetes is a growing global public health challenge. Investigating quantitative traits, including fasting glucose, fasting insulin and HbA1c, that serve as early markers of type 2 diabetes progression may lead to a deeper understanding of the genetic aetiology of type 2 diabetes development. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified over 500 loci associated with type 2 diabetes, glycaemic traits and insulin-related traits. However, most of these findings were based only on populations of European ancestry. To address this research gap, we examined the genetic basis of fasting glucose, fasting insulin and HbA1c in participants of the diverse Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) Study. METHODS We conducted a GWAS of fasting glucose (n = 52,267), fasting insulin (n = 48,395) and HbA1c (n = 23,357) in participants without diabetes from the diverse PAGE Study (23% self-reported African American, 46% Hispanic/Latino, 40% European, 4% Asian, 3% Native Hawaiian, 0.8% Native American), performing transethnic and population-specific GWAS meta-analyses, followed by fine-mapping to identify and characterise novel loci and independent secondary signals in known loci. RESULTS Four novel associations were identified (p < 5 × 10-9), including three loci associated with fasting insulin, and a novel, low-frequency African American-specific locus associated with fasting glucose. Additionally, seven secondary signals were identified, including novel independent secondary signals for fasting glucose at the known GCK locus and for fasting insulin at the known PPP1R3B locus in transethnic meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our findings provide new insights into the genetic architecture of glycaemic traits and highlight the continued importance of conducting genetic studies in diverse populations. DATA AVAILABILITY Full summary statistics from each of the population-specific and transethnic results are available at NHGRI-EBI GWAS catalog ( https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/downloads/summary-statistics ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina G Downie
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Sofia F Dimos
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie A Bien
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yao Hu
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Burcu F Darst
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Center for Genetic Epidemiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linda M Polfus
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Center for Genetic Epidemiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA, USA
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Genevieve L Wojcik
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Laura M Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nicole D Armstrong
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hannah G Polikowsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jennifer E Below
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Marguerite R Irvin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Laura J F Rasmussen-Torvik
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christopher S Carlson
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lawrence S Phillips
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Simin Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - James S Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Department of Pediatrics, Genome Outcomes, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Steven Buyske
- Department of Statistics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Tara C Matise
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christy L Avery
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Center for Genetic Epidemiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Heather M Highland
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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10
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Grant S, Wendt KE, Leadbeater BJ, Supplee LH, Mayo-Wilson E, Gardner F, Bradshaw CP. Transparent, Open, and Reproducible Prevention Science. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2022; 23:701-722. [PMID: 35175501 PMCID: PMC9283153 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-022-01336-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The field of prevention science aims to understand societal problems, identify effective interventions, and translate scientific evidence into policy and practice. There is growing interest among prevention scientists in the potential for transparency, openness, and reproducibility to facilitate this mission by providing opportunities to align scientific practice with scientific ideals, accelerate scientific discovery, and broaden access to scientific knowledge. The overarching goal of this manuscript is to serve as a primer introducing and providing an overview of open science for prevention researchers. In this paper, we discuss factors motivating interest in transparency and reproducibility, research practices associated with open science, and stakeholders engaged in and impacted by open science reform efforts. In addition, we discuss how and why different types of prevention research could incorporate open science practices, as well as ways that prevention science tools and methods could be leveraged to advance the wider open science movement. To promote further discussion, we conclude with potential reservations and challenges for the field of prevention science to address as it transitions to greater transparency, openness, and reproducibility. Throughout, we identify activities that aim to strengthen the reliability and efficiency of prevention science, facilitate access to its products and outputs, and promote collaborative and inclusive participation in research activities. By embracing principles of transparency, openness, and reproducibility, prevention science can better achieve its mission to advance evidence-based solutions to promote individual and collective well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Grant
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University Richard M, 1050 Wishard Blvd, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Kathleen E Wendt
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Evan Mayo-Wilson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Frances Gardner
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Catherine P Bradshaw
- School of Education & Human Development, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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11
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Gaastra B, Alexander S, Bakker MK, Bhagat H, Bijlenga P, Blackburn S, Collins MK, Doré S, Griessenauer C, Hendrix P, Hong EP, Hostettler IC, Houlden H, IIhara K, Jeon JP, Kim BJ, Kumar M, Morel S, Nyquist P, Ren D, Ruigrok YM, Werring D, Galea I, Bulters D, Tapper W. Genome-Wide Association Study of Clinical Outcome After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: Protocol. Transl Stroke Res 2022; 13:565-576. [PMID: 34988871 PMCID: PMC9232474 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-021-00978-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) results in persistent clinical deficits which prevent survivors from returning to normal daily functioning. Only a small fraction of the variation in clinical outcome following aSAH is explained by known clinical, demographic and imaging variables; meaning additional unknown factors must play a key role in clinical outcome. There is a growing body of evidence that genetic variation is important in determining outcome following aSAH. Understanding genetic determinants of outcome will help to improve prognostic modelling, stratify patients in clinical trials and target novel strategies to treat this devastating disease. This protocol details a two-stage genome-wide association study to identify susceptibility loci for clinical outcome after aSAH using individual patient-level data from multiple international cohorts. Clinical outcome will be assessed using the modified Rankin Scale or Glasgow Outcome Scale at 1–24 months. The stage 1 discovery will involve meta-analysis of individual-level genotypes from different cohorts, controlling for key covariates. Based on statistical significance, supplemented by biological relevance, top single nucleotide polymorphisms will be selected for replication at stage 2. The study has national and local ethical approval. The results of this study will be rapidly communicated to clinicians, researchers and patients through open-access publication(s), presentation(s) at international conferences and via our patient and public network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Gaastra
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.,Department of Neurosurgery, Wessex Neurological Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Sheila Alexander
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, 3500 Victoria Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Mark K Bakker
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberlaan 100, 3584, CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hemant Bhagat
- Division of Neuroanaesthesia, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Philippe Bijlenga
- Neurosurgery Division, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Spiros Blackburn
- University of Texas Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Malie K Collins
- Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA, USA
| | - Sylvain Doré
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Neurology, Psychiatry, Pharmaceutics, and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christoph Griessenauer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Geisinger, Danville, PA, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Christian-Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Philipp Hendrix
- Department of Neurosurgery, Geisinger, Danville, PA, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Eun Pyo Hong
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Isabel C Hostettler
- Stroke Research Centre, University College London, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- Stroke Research Centre, University College London, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Koji IIhara
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Hospital, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jin Pyeong Jeon
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea.,Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Bong Jun Kim
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Munish Kumar
- Division of Neuroanaesthesia, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sandrine Morel
- Neurosurgery Division, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul Nyquist
- Departments of Neurology, Anesthesia/Critical Care Medicine, Neurosurgery and General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Dianxu Ren
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, 3500 Victoria Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Ynte M Ruigrok
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberlaan 100, 3584, CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - David Werring
- Stroke Research Centre, University College London, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Ian Galea
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Diederik Bulters
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wessex Neurological Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Will Tapper
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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12
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Storm CS, Kia DA, Almramhi MM, Bandres-Ciga S, Finan C, Hingorani AD, Wood NW. Finding genetically-supported drug targets for Parkinson's disease using Mendelian randomization of the druggable genome. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7342. [PMID: 34930919 PMCID: PMC8688480 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26280-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative movement disorder that currently has no disease-modifying treatment, partly owing to inefficiencies in drug target identification and validation. We use Mendelian randomization to investigate over 3,000 genes that encode druggable proteins and predict their efficacy as drug targets for Parkinson's disease. We use expression and protein quantitative trait loci to mimic exposure to medications, and we examine the causal effect on Parkinson's disease risk (in two large cohorts), age at onset and progression. We propose 23 drug-targeting mechanisms for Parkinson's disease, including four possible drug repurposing opportunities and two drugs which may increase Parkinson's disease risk. Of these, we put forward six drug targets with the strongest Mendelian randomization evidence. There is remarkably little overlap between our drug targets to reduce Parkinson's disease risk versus progression, suggesting different molecular mechanisms. Drugs with genetic support are considerably more likely to succeed in clinical trials, and we provide compelling genetic evidence and an analysis pipeline to prioritise Parkinson's disease drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine S Storm
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Demis A Kia
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Mona M Almramhi
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chris Finan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- University College London British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator Centre, New Delhi, India
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584, CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Aroon D Hingorani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- University College London British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator Centre, New Delhi, India
- Health Data Research UK, 222 Euston Road, London, UK
| | - Nicholas W Wood
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
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13
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A hidden menace? Cytomegalovirus infection is associated with reduced cortical gray matter volume in major depressive disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4234-4244. [PMID: 33223520 PMCID: PMC8140068 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00932-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is associated with neuropathology in patients with impaired immunity and/or inflammatory diseases. However, the association between gray matter volume (GMV) and HCMV has never been examined in major depressive disorder (MDD) despite the presence of inflammation and impaired viral immunity in a subset of patients. We tested this relationship in two independent samples consisting of 179 individuals with MDD and 41 healthy controls (HC) (sample 1) and 124 MDD participants and 148 HCs (sample 2). HCMV positive (HCMV+) and HCMV negative (HCMV-) groups within each sample were balanced on up to 11 different clinical/demographic variables using inverse probability of treatment weighting. GMV of 87 regions was measured with FreeSurfer. There was a main effect of HCMV serostatus but not diagnosis that replicated across samples. Relative to HCMV- subjects, HCMV+ subjects in sample 1 showed a significant reduction of volume in six regions (puncorrected < 0.05). The reductions in GMV of the right supramarginal gyrus (standardized beta coefficient (SBC) = -0.26) and left fusiform gyrus (SBC = -0.25) in sample 1 were replicated in sample 2: right supramarginal gyrus (puncorrected < 0.05, SBC = -0.32), left fusiform gyrus (PFDR < 0.01, SBC = -0.51). Posthoc tests revealed that the effect of HCMV was driven by differences between the HCMV+ and HCMV- MDD subgroups. HCMV IgG level, a surrogate marker of viral activity, was correlated with GMV in the left fusiform gyrus (r = -0.19, Puncorrected = 0.049) and right supramarginal gyrus (r = -0.19, puncorrected = 0.043) in the HCMV+ group of sample 1. Conceivably, HCMV infection may be a treatable source of neuropathology in vulnerable MDD patients.
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14
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Stanzick KJ, Li Y, Schlosser P, Gorski M, Wuttke M, Thomas LF, Rasheed H, Rowan BX, Graham SE, Vanderweff BR, Patil SB, Robinson-Cohen C, Gaziano JM, O'Donnell CJ, Willer CJ, Hallan S, Åsvold BO, Gessner A, Hung AM, Pattaro C, Köttgen A, Stark KJ, Heid IM, Winkler TW. Discovery and prioritization of variants and genes for kidney function in >1.2 million individuals. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4350. [PMID: 34272381 PMCID: PMC8285412 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24491-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes underneath signals from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for kidney function are promising targets for functional studies, but prioritizing variants and genes is challenging. By GWAS meta-analysis for creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from the Chronic Kidney Disease Genetics Consortium and UK Biobank (n = 1,201,909), we expand the number of eGFRcrea loci (424 loci, 201 novel; 9.8% eGFRcrea variance explained by 634 independent signal variants). Our increased sample size in fine-mapping (n = 1,004,040, European) more than doubles the number of signals with resolved fine-mapping (99% credible sets down to 1 variant for 44 signals, ≤5 variants for 138 signals). Cystatin-based eGFR and/or blood urea nitrogen association support 348 loci (n = 460,826 and 852,678, respectively). Our customizable tool for Gene PrioritiSation reveals 23 compelling genes including mechanistic insights and enables navigation through genes and variants likely relevant for kidney function in human to help select targets for experimental follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira J Stanzick
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Yong Li
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Bioinformatics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Schlosser
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Bioinformatics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Gorski
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Wuttke
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Bioinformatics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laurent F Thomas
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- BioCore - Bioinformatics Core Facility, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Humaira Rasheed
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Bryce X Rowan
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veteran's Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (626)/Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sarah E Graham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brett R Vanderweff
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Snehal B Patil
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cassiane Robinson-Cohen
- Department of Veteran's Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (626)/Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease and Integrated Program for Acute Kidney Injury Research, and Vanderbilt Precision Nephrology Program Nashville, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John M Gaziano
- Massachusetts Area Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Cooperative Studies Program, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Cristen J Willer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stein Hallan
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Nephrology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørn Olav Åsvold
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Andre Gessner
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Adriana M Hung
- Department of Veteran's Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (626)/Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease and Integrated Program for Acute Kidney Injury Research, and Vanderbilt Precision Nephrology Program Nashville, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cristian Pattaro
- Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated with the University of Lübeck), Bolzano, Italy
| | - Anna Köttgen
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Bioinformatics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Klaus J Stark
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Iris M Heid
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas W Winkler
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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15
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Kar SP, Considine DP, Tyrer JP, Plummer JT, Chen S, Dezem FS, Barbeira AN, Rajagopal PS, Rosenow WT, Moreno F, Bodelon C, Chang-Claude J, Chenevix-Trench G, deFazio A, Dörk T, Ekici AB, Ewing A, Fountzilas G, Goode EL, Hartman M, Heitz F, Hillemanns P, Høgdall E, Høgdall CK, Huzarski T, Jensen A, Karlan BY, Khusnutdinova E, Kiemeney LA, Kjaer SK, Klapdor R, Köbel M, Li J, Liebrich C, May T, Olsson H, Permuth JB, Peterlongo P, Radice P, Ramus SJ, Riggan MJ, Risch HA, Saloustros E, Simard J, Szafron LM, Titus L, Thompson CL, Vierkant RA, Winham SJ, Zheng W, Doherty JA, Berchuck A, Lawrenson K, Im HK, Manichaikul AW, Pharoah PD, Gayther SA, Schildkraut JM. Pleiotropy-guided transcriptome imputation from normal and tumor tissues identifies candidate susceptibility genes for breast and ovarian cancer. HGG ADVANCES 2021; 2:100042. [PMID: 34317694 PMCID: PMC8312632 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2021.100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial, sequencing, and genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and genetic correlation analyses have progressively unraveled the shared or pleiotropic germline genetics of breast and ovarian cancer. In this study, we aimed to leverage this shared germline genetics to improve the power of transcriptome-wide association studies (TWASs) to identify candidate breast cancer and ovarian cancer susceptibility genes. We built gene expression prediction models using the PrediXcan method in 681 breast and 295 ovarian tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas and 211 breast and 99 ovarian normal tissue samples from the Genotype-Tissue Expression project and integrated these with GWAS meta-analysis data from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (122,977 cases/105,974 controls) and the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (22,406 cases/40,941 controls). The integration was achieved through application of a pleiotropy-guided conditional/conjunction false discovery rate (FDR) approach in the setting of a TWASs. This identified 14 candidate breast cancer susceptibility genes spanning 11 genomic regions and 8 candidate ovarian cancer susceptibility genes spanning 5 genomic regions at conjunction FDR < 0.05 that were >1 Mb away from known breast and/or ovarian cancer susceptibility loci. We also identified 38 candidate breast cancer susceptibility genes and 17 candidate ovarian cancer susceptibility genes at conjunction FDR < 0.05 at known breast and/or ovarian susceptibility loci. The 22 genes identified by our cross-cancer analysis represent promising candidates that further elucidate the role of the transcriptome in mediating germline breast and ovarian cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha P. Kar
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Daniel P.C. Considine
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan P. Tyrer
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jasmine T. Plummer
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Science, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie Chen
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Science, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Felipe S. Dezem
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Science, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alvaro N. Barbeira
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Padma S. Rajagopal
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Will T. Rosenow
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Fernando Moreno
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Bodelon
- Divison of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anna deFazio
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arif B. Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ailith Ewing
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - George Fountzilas
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ellen L. Goode
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mikael Hartman
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Florian Heitz
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte/Evang., Essen, Germany
- Department of Gynecology, Center for Oncologic Surgery, Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Hillemanns
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Estrid Høgdall
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle, and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Molecular Unit, Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus K. Høgdall
- The Juliane Marie Centre, Department of Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tomasz Huzarski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Allan Jensen
- Department of Lifestyle, Reproduction, and Cancer, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Beth Y. Karlan
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elza Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Lambertus A. Kiemeney
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Susanne K. Kjaer
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle, and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Gynaecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rüdiger Klapdor
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Köbel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Foothills Medical Center, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jingmei Li
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Human Genetics, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clemens Liebrich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinikum Wolfsburg, Wolfsburg, Germany
| | - Taymaa May
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Håkan Olsson
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jennifer B. Permuth
- Departments of Cancer Epidemiology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- Genome Diagnostics Program, IFOM-The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Susan J. Ramus
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marjorie J. Riggan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Harvey A. Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Jacques Simard
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Lukasz M. Szafron
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Linda Titus
- Muskie School of Public Service, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Cheryl L. Thompson
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Robert A. Vierkant
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stacey J. Winham
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Computational Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Doherty
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Andrew Berchuck
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kate Lawrenson
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Science, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Women’s Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hae Kyung Im
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ani W. Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Paul D.P. Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon A. Gayther
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Science, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joellen M. Schildkraut
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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16
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Tang NLS, Dobbs MB, Gurnett CA, Qiu Y, Lam TP, Cheng JCY, Hadley-Miller N. A Decade in Review after Idiopathic Scoliosis Was First Called a Complex Trait-A Tribute to the Late Dr. Yves Cotrel for His Support in Studies of Etiology of Scoliosis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1033. [PMID: 34356049 PMCID: PMC8306836 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is a prevalent and important spine disorder in the pediatric age group. An increased family tendency was observed for a long time, but the underlying genetic mechanism was uncertain. In 1999, Dr. Yves Cotrel founded the Cotrel Foundation in the Institut de France, which supported collaboration of international researchers to work together to better understand the etiology of AIS. This new concept of AIS as a complex trait evolved in this setting among researchers who joined the annual Cotrel meetings. It is now over a decade since the first proposal of the complex trait genetic model for AIS. Here, we review in detail the vast information about the genetic and environmental factors in AIS pathogenesis gathered to date. More importantly, new insights into AIS etiology were brought to us through new research data under the perspective of a complex trait. Hopefully, future research directions may lead to better management of AIS, which has a tremendous impact on affected adolescents in terms of both physical growth and psychological development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson L. S. Tang
- KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Functional Genomics and Biostatistical Computing Laboratory, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Matthew B. Dobbs
- Dobbs Clubfoot Center, Paley Orthopedic and Spine Institute, West Palm Beach, FL 33401, USA;
| | - Christina A. Gurnett
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Yong Qiu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210000, China;
| | - T. P. Lam
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology and SH Ho Scoliosis Research Lab, Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (T.P.L.); (J.C.Y.C.)
| | - Jack C. Y. Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology and SH Ho Scoliosis Research Lab, Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (T.P.L.); (J.C.Y.C.)
| | - Nancy Hadley-Miller
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80012, USA;
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17
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Giontella A, Lotta LA, Overton JD, Baras A, Minuz P, Melander O, Gill D, Fava C. Causal Effect of Adiposity Measures on Blood Pressure Traits in 2 Urban Swedish Cohorts: A Mendelian Randomization Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e020405. [PMID: 34120448 PMCID: PMC8403279 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.020405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Different adiposity traits may be causally related to hypertension in different ways. By using genetic variants as randomly allocated proxies for studying the effect of modifying adiposity traits, the Mendelian randomization approach can be used to investigate this. Methods and Results In this study, we used 4 different genetic risk scores (GRS; GRS-BMI565, GRS-WHR324, GRS-VAT208, GRS-BF81) including hundreds of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, visceral adipose tissue, and body fat, respectively. These were applied as instrumental variables in Mendelian randomization analyses. Two Swedish urban-based cohort studies, the Malmö Diet and Cancer, and the Malmö Preventive 795Projects were used to obtain genetic association estimates with blood pressure (BP). In both the Malmö Preventive Projects and Malmö Diet and Cancer studies, except for that for body fat, all of the genetic risk scores were significantly associated with systolic BP and diastolic BP, but with different magnitudes. In particular, in both cohorts, each standard deviation increase in the genetic risk score made up by the 324 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with waist-to-hip ratio was associated with doubling of the likelihood of hypertension prevalence at baseline. However, only the genetic risk score made up by the 565 SNPs associated with body mass index was significantly associated with hypertension incidence during 23.6±4.3 years of follow-up in the Malmö Preventive Project. Conclusions We support a causal link between genetically mediated adiposity, especially waist-to-hip ratio and body mass index, and BP traits including hypertension prevalence and, for the first time to our knowledge, hypertension incidence. The differences in magnitude between these associations might suggest different mechanisms by which different adiposity affects BP/hypertension and consequently may indicate that tailored interventions are needed to reduce cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Giontella
- Department of Medicine University of Verona Verona Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences Clinical Research Center Lund University Malmö Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Pietro Minuz
- Department of Medicine University of Verona Verona Italy
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences Clinical Research Center Lund University Malmö Sweden.,Department of Emergency and Internal Medicine Skåne University Hospital Malmö Sweden
| | - Dipender Gill
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health Imperial College London London United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics St George's, University of London London United Kingdom
| | - Cristiano Fava
- Department of Medicine University of Verona Verona Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences Clinical Research Center Lund University Malmö Sweden
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18
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McGuire D, Jiang Y, Liu M, Weissenkampen JD, Eckert S, Yang L, Chen F, Berg A, Vrieze S, Jiang B, Li Q, Liu DJ. Model-based assessment of replicability for genome-wide association meta-analysis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1964. [PMID: 33785739 PMCID: PMC8009871 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21226-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association meta-analysis (GWAMA) is an effective approach to enlarge sample sizes and empower the discovery of novel associations between genotype and phenotype. Independent replication has been used as a gold-standard for validating genetic associations. However, as current GWAMA often seeks to aggregate all available datasets, it becomes impossible to find a large enough independent dataset to replicate new discoveries. Here we introduce a method, MAMBA (Meta-Analysis Model-based Assessment of replicability), for assessing the "posterior-probability-of-replicability" for identified associations by leveraging the strength and consistency of association signals between contributing studies. We demonstrate using simulations that MAMBA is more powerful and robust than existing methods, and produces more accurate genetic effects estimates. We apply MAMBA to a large-scale meta-analysis of addiction phenotypes with 1.2 million individuals. In addition to accurately identifying replicable common variant associations, MAMBA also pinpoints novel replicable rare variant associations from imputation-based GWAMA and hence greatly expands the set of analyzable variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel McGuire
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Mengzhen Liu
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - J Dylan Weissenkampen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Scott Eckert
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Lina Yang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | | | - Arthur Berg
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Scott Vrieze
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Bibo Jiang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | - Qunhua Li
- Department of Statistics, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Dajiang J Liu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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19
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Karcher NR, Barch DM. The ABCD study: understanding the development of risk for mental and physical health outcomes. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:131-142. [PMID: 32541809 PMCID: PMC7304245 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0736-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Following in the footsteps of other large "population neuroscience" studies, the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development℠ (ABCD) study is the largest in the U.S. assessing brain development. The study is examining approximately 11,875 youth from 21 sites from age 9 to 10 for approximately ten years into young adulthood. The ABCD Study® has completed recruitment for the baseline sample generally using a multi-stage probability sample including a stratified random sample of schools. The dataset has a wealth of measured attributes of youths and their environment, including neuroimaging, cognitive, biospecimen, behavioral, youth self-report and parent self-report metrics, and environmental measures. The initial goal of the ABCD Study was to examine risk and resiliency factors associated with the development of substance use, but the project has expanded far beyond this initial set of questions and will also greatly inform our understanding of the contributions of biospecimens (e.g., pubertal hormones), neural alterations, and environmental factors to the development of both healthy behavior and brain function as well as risk for poor mental and physical outcomes. This review outlines how the ABCD Study was designed to elucidate factors associated with the development of negative mental and physical health outcomes and will provide a selective overview of results emerging from the ABCD Study. Such emerging data includes initial validation of new instruments, important new information about the prevalence and correlates of mental health challenges in middle childhood, and promising data regarding neural correlates of both healthy and disordered behavior. In addition, we will discuss the challenges and opportunities to understanding both healthy development and the emergence of risk from ABCD Study data. Finally, we will overview the future directions of this large undertaking and the ways in which it will shape our understanding of the development of risk for poor mental and physical health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Karcher
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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20
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Purves KL, Coleman JRI, Meier SM, Rayner C, Davis KAS, Cheesman R, Bækvad-Hansen M, Børglum AD, Wan Cho S, Jürgen Deckert J, Gaspar HA, Bybjerg-Grauholm J, Hettema JM, Hotopf M, Hougaard D, Hübel C, Kan C, McIntosh AM, Mors O, Bo Mortensen P, Nordentoft M, Werge T, Nicodemus KK, Mattheisen M, Breen G, Eley TC. A major role for common genetic variation in anxiety disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:3292-3303. [PMID: 31748690 PMCID: PMC7237282 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0559-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are common, complex psychiatric disorders with twin heritabilities of 30-60%. We conducted a genome-wide association study of Lifetime Anxiety Disorder (ncase = 25 453, ncontrol = 58 113) and an additional analysis of Current Anxiety Symptoms (ncase = 19 012, ncontrol = 58 113). The liability scale common variant heritability estimate for Lifetime Anxiety Disorder was 26%, and for Current Anxiety Symptoms was 31%. Five novel genome-wide significant loci were identified including an intergenic region on chromosome 9 that has previously been associated with neuroticism, and a locus overlapping the BDNF receptor gene, NTRK2. Anxiety showed significant positive genetic correlations with depression and insomnia as well as coronary artery disease, mirroring findings from epidemiological studies. We conclude that common genetic variation accounts for a substantive proportion of the genetic architecture underlying anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin L Purves
- King's College London; Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Jonathan R I Coleman
- King's College London; Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Sandra M Meier
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre-Mental Health Services Capital Region, Copenhagen Region, Denmark
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Denmark
| | - Christopher Rayner
- King's College London; Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Katrina A S Davis
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
- King's College London; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Rosa Cheesman
- King's College London; Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Marie Bækvad-Hansen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Denmark
- Danish Centre for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders D Børglum
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Centre for integrative Sequencing (iSEQ), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Shing Wan Cho
- King's College London; Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - J Jürgen Deckert
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Héléna A Gaspar
- King's College London; Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Denmark
- Danish Centre for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John M Hettema
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
- King's College London; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - David Hougaard
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Denmark
- Danish Centre for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christopher Hübel
- King's College London; Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carol Kan
- King's College London; Psychological Medicine; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ole Mors
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Denmark
| | - Preben Bo Mortensen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Denmark
- Centre for integrative Sequencing (iSEQ), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Denmark
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Werge
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Denmark
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristin K Nicodemus
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerome Breen
- King's College London; Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK.
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK.
| | - Thalia C Eley
- King's College London; Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK.
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK.
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21
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Kalra G, Milon B, Casella AM, Herb BR, Humphries E, Song Y, Rose KP, Hertzano R, Ament SA. Biological insights from multi-omic analysis of 31 genomic risk loci for adult hearing difficulty. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009025. [PMID: 32986727 PMCID: PMC7544108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related hearing impairment (ARHI), one of the most common medical conditions, is strongly heritable, yet its genetic causes remain largely unknown. We conducted a meta-analysis of GWAS summary statistics from multiple hearing-related traits in the UK Biobank (n = up to 330,759) and identified 31 genome-wide significant risk loci for self-reported hearing difficulty (p < 5x10-8), of which eight have not been reported previously in the peer-reviewed literature. We investigated the regulatory and cell specific expression for these loci by generating mRNA-seq, ATAC-seq, and single-cell RNA-seq from cells in the mouse cochlea. Risk-associated genes were most strongly enriched for expression in cochlear epithelial cells, as well as for genes related to sensory perception and known Mendelian deafness genes, supporting their relevance to auditory function. Regions of the human genome homologous to open chromatin in epithelial cells from the mouse were strongly enriched for heritable risk for hearing difficulty, even after adjusting for baseline effects of evolutionary conservation and cell-type non-specific regulatory regions. Epigenomic and statistical fine-mapping most strongly supported 50 putative risk genes. Of these, 39 were expressed robustly in mouse cochlea and 16 were enriched specifically in sensory hair cells. These results reveal new risk loci and risk genes for hearing difficulty and suggest an important role for altered gene regulation in the cochlear sensory epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurmannat Kalra
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Beatrice Milon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Alex M. Casella
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Physician Scientist Training Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Brian R. Herb
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Humphries
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Program in Molecular Epidemiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Yang Song
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Kevin P. Rose
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Ronna Hertzano
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Seth A. Ament
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
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22
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Alvarez-Romero J, Voisin S, Eynon N, Hiam D. Mapping Robust Genetic Variants Associated with Exercise Responses. Int J Sports Med 2020; 42:3-18. [PMID: 32693428 DOI: 10.1055/a-1198-5496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review summarised robust and consistent genetic variants associated with aerobic-related and resistance-related phenotypes. In total we highlight 12 SNPs and 7 SNPs that are robustly associated with variance in aerobic-related and resistance-related phenotypes respectively. To date, there is very little literature ascribed to understanding the interplay between genes and environmental factors and the development of physiological traits. We discuss future directions, including large-scale exercise studies to elucidate the functional relevance of the discovered genomic markers. This approach will allow more rigour and reproducible research in the field of exercise genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Voisin
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nir Eynon
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,MCRI, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Danielle Hiam
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
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23
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McGuirl MR, Smith SP, Sandstede B, Ramachandran S. Detecting Shared Genetic Architecture Among Multiple Phenotypes by Hierarchical Clustering of Gene-Level Association Statistics. Genetics 2020; 215:511-529. [PMID: 32245788 PMCID: PMC7268989 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.120.303096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging large-scale biobanks pairing genotype data with phenotype data present new opportunities to prioritize shared genetic associations across multiple phenotypes for molecular validation. Past research, by our group and others, has shown gene-level tests of association produce biologically interpretable characterization of the genetic architecture of a given phenotype. Here, we present a new method, Ward clustering to identify Internal Node branch length outliers using Gene Scores (WINGS), for identifying shared genetic architecture among multiple phenotypes. The objective of WINGS is to identify groups of phenotypes, or "clusters," sharing a core set of genes enriched for mutations in cases. We validate WINGS using extensive simulation studies and then combine gene-level association tests with WINGS to identify shared genetic architecture among 81 case-control and seven quantitative phenotypes in 349,468 European-ancestry individuals from the UK Biobank. We identify eight prioritized phenotype clusters and recover multiple published gene-level associations within prioritized clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R McGuirl
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Samuel Pattillo Smith
- Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Björn Sandstede
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
- Data Science Initiative, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Sohini Ramachandran
- Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
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24
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Melamud E, Taylor DL, Sethi A, Cule M, Baryshnikova A, Saleheen D, van Bruggen N, FitzGerald GA. The promise and reality of therapeutic discovery from large cohorts. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:575-581. [PMID: 31929188 PMCID: PMC6994121 DOI: 10.1172/jci129196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Technological advances in rapid data acquisition have transformed medical biology into a data mining field, where new data sets are routinely dissected and analyzed by statistical models of ever-increasing complexity. Many hypotheses can be generated and tested within a single large data set, and even small effects can be statistically discriminated from a sea of noise. On the other hand, the development of therapeutic interventions moves at a much slower pace. They are determined from carefully randomized and well-controlled experiments with explicitly stated outcomes as the principal mechanism by which a single hypothesis is tested. In this paradigm, only a small fraction of interventions can be tested, and an even smaller fraction are ultimately deemed therapeutically successful. In this Review, we propose strategies to leverage large-cohort data to inform the selection of targets and the design of randomized trials of novel therapeutics. Ultimately, the incorporation of big data and experimental medicine approaches should aim to reduce the failure rate of clinical trials as well as expedite and lower the cost of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Melamud
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Anurag Sethi
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Madeleine Cule
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Garret A. FitzGerald
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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25
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Richardson K, Joseph J. Hail the polygenic republic: Critical review of Plomin, R. (2018). Blueprint: How DNA makes us who we are. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Br J Psychol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jay Joseph
- Clinical Psychologist in Private Practice Oakland California USA
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26
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van de Vegte YJ, Tegegne BS, Verweij N, Snieder H, van der Harst P. Genetics and the heart rate response to exercise. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2391-2409. [PMID: 30919020 PMCID: PMC6529381 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03079-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The acute heart rate response to exercise, i.e., heart rate increase during and heart rate recovery after exercise, has often been associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. The long-term response of heart rate to exercise results in favourable changes in chronotropic function, including decreased resting and submaximal heart rate as well as increased heart rate recovery. Both the acute and long-term heart rate response to exercise have been shown to be heritable. Advances in genetic analysis enable researchers to investigate this hereditary component to gain insights in possible molecular mechanisms underlying interindividual differences in the heart rate response to exercise. In this review, we comprehensively searched candidate gene, linkage, and genome-wide association studies that investigated the heart rate response to exercise. A total of ten genes were associated with the acute heart rate response to exercise in candidate gene studies. Only one gene (CHRM2), related to heart rate recovery, was replicated in recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Additional 17 candidate causal genes were identified for heart rate increase and 26 for heart rate recovery in these GWASs. Nine of these genes were associated with both acute increase and recovery of the heart rate during exercise. These genes can be broadly categorized into four categories: (1) development of the nervous system (CCDC141, PAX2, SOX5, and CAV2); (2) prolongation of neuronal life span (SYT10); (3) cardiac development (RNF220 and MCTP2); (4) cardiac rhythm (SCN10A and RGS6). Additional 10 genes were linked to long-term modification of the heart rate response to exercise, nine with heart rate increase and one with heart rate recovery. Follow-up will be essential to get functional insights in how candidate causal genes affect the heart rate response to exercise. Future work will be required to translate these findings to preventive and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yordi J van de Vegte
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Balewgizie S Tegegne
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, 3511 GC, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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27
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Dashti HS, Jones SE, Wood AR, Lane JM, van Hees VT, Wang H, Rhodes JA, Song Y, Patel K, Anderson SG, Beaumont RN, Bechtold DA, Bowden J, Cade BE, Garaulet M, Kyle SD, Little MA, Loudon AS, Luik AI, Scheer FAJL, Spiegelhalder K, Tyrrell J, Gottlieb DJ, Tiemeier H, Ray DW, Purcell SM, Frayling TM, Redline S, Lawlor DA, Rutter MK, Weedon MN, Saxena R. Genome-wide association study identifies genetic loci for self-reported habitual sleep duration supported by accelerometer-derived estimates. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1100. [PMID: 30846698 PMCID: PMC6405943 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08917-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is an essential state of decreased activity and alertness but molecular factors regulating sleep duration remain unknown. Through genome-wide association analysis in 446,118 adults of European ancestry from the UK Biobank, we identify 78 loci for self-reported habitual sleep duration (p < 5 × 10−8; 43 loci at p < 6 × 10−9). Replication is observed for PAX8, VRK2, and FBXL12/UBL5/PIN1 loci in the CHARGE study (n = 47,180; p < 6.3 × 10−4), and 55 signals show sign-concordant effects. The 78 loci further associate with accelerometer-derived sleep duration, daytime inactivity, sleep efficiency and number of sleep bouts in secondary analysis (n = 85,499). Loci are enriched for pathways including striatum and subpallium development, mechanosensory response, dopamine binding, synaptic neurotransmission and plasticity, among others. Genetic correlation indicates shared links with anthropometric, cognitive, metabolic, and psychiatric traits and two-sample Mendelian randomization highlights a bidirectional causal link with schizophrenia. This work provides insights into the genetic basis for inter-individual variation in sleep duration implicating multiple biological pathways. Sleep is essential for homeostasis and insufficient or excessive sleep are associated with adverse outcomes. Here, the authors perform GWAS for self-reported habitual sleep duration in adults, supported by accelerometer-derived measures, and identify genetic correlation with psychiatric and metabolic traits
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan S Dashti
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA
| | - Samuel E Jones
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Jacqueline M Lane
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA.,Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
| | | | - Heming Wang
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Jessica A Rhodes
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA
| | - Yanwei Song
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.,Northeastern University College of Science, 176 Mugar Life Sciences, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02015, USA
| | - Krunal Patel
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.,Northeastern University College of Science, 176 Mugar Life Sciences, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02015, USA
| | - Simon G Anderson
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Robin N Beaumont
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - David A Bechtold
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jack Bowden
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Brian E Cade
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Marta Garaulet
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain.,IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, 30120, Spain
| | - Simon D Kyle
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Max A Little
- Department of Mathematics, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.,Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, MA, USA
| | - Andrew S Loudon
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Annemarie I Luik
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.,Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Kai Spiegelhalder
- Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Jessica Tyrrell
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Daniel J Gottlieb
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, 02132, MA, USA
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Deprtment of Social and Behavioral Science, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
| | - David W Ray
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Shaun M Purcell
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02115, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Susan Redline
- Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Martin K Rutter
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,Manchester Diabetes Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA. .,Broad Institute, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA. .,Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.
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