1
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Tamura R, Chen J, De Jaeger M, Morris JF, Scott DA, Vangheluwe P, Looger LL. Genetically encoded fluorescent sensors for visualizing polyamine levels, uptake, and distribution. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.21.609037. [PMID: 39229183 PMCID: PMC11370472 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.21.609037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Polyamines are abundant and physiologically essential biomolecules that play a role in numerous processes, but are disrupted in diseases such as cancer, and cardiovascular and neurological disorders. Despite their importance, measuring free polyamine concentrations and monitoring their metabolism and uptake in cells in real-time remains impossible due to the lack of appropriate biosensors. Here we engineered, characterized, and validated the first genetically encoded biosensors for polyamines, named iPASnFRs. We demonstrate the utility of iPASnFR for detecting polyamine import into mammalian cells, to the cytoplasm, mitochondria, and the nucleus. We demonstrate that these sensors are useful to probe the activity of polyamine transporters and to uncover biochemical pathways underlying the distribution of polyamines amongst organelles. The sensors powered a high-throughput small molecule compound library screen, revealing multiple compounds in different chemical classes that strongly modulate cellular polyamine levels. These sensors will be powerful tools to investigate the complex interplay between polyamine uptake and metabolic pathways, address open questions about their role in health and disease, and enable screening for therapeutic polyamine modulators.
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2
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Panmanee W, Tran MTH, Seye SN, Strome ED. Altered S-AdenosylMethionine availability impacts dNTP pools in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 2024; 41:513-524. [PMID: 38961653 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae has long been used as a model organism to study genome instability. The SAM1 and SAM2 genes encode AdoMet synthetases, which generate S-AdenosylMethionine (AdoMet) from Methionine (Met) and ATP. Previous work from our group has shown that deletions of the SAM1 and SAM2 genes cause changes to AdoMet levels and impact genome instability in opposite manners. AdoMet is a key product of methionine metabolism and the major methyl donor for methylation events of proteins, RNAs, small molecules, and lipids. The methyl cycle is interrelated to the folate cycle which is involved in de novo synthesis of purine and pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides (dATP, dTTP, dCTP, and dGTP). AdoMet also plays a role in polyamine production, essential for cell growth and used in detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and maintenance of the redox status in cells. This is also impacted by the methyl cycle's role in production of glutathione, another ROS scavenger and cellular protectant. We show here that sam2∆/sam2∆ cells, previously characterized with lower levels of AdoMet and higher genome instability, have a higher level of each dNTP (except dTTP), contributing to a higher overall dNTP pool level when compared to wildtype. Unchecked, these increased levels can lead to multiple types of DNA damage which could account for the genome instability increases in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warunya Panmanee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, Kentucky, USA
| | - Men T H Tran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, Kentucky, USA
| | - Serigne N Seye
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, Kentucky, USA
| | - Erin D Strome
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, Kentucky, USA
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3
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Schibalski RS, Shulha AS, Tsao BP, Palygin O, Ilatovskaya DV. The role of polyamine metabolism in cellular function and physiology. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 327:C341-C356. [PMID: 38881422 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00074.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Polyamines are molecules with multiple amino groups that are essential for cellular function. The major polyamines are putrescine, spermidine, spermine, and cadaverine. Polyamines are important for posttranscriptional regulation, autophagy, programmed cell death, proliferation, redox homeostasis, and ion channel function. Their levels are tightly controlled. High levels of polyamines are associated with proliferative pathologies such as cancer, whereas low polyamine levels are observed in aging, and elevated polyamine turnover enhances oxidative stress. Polyamine metabolism is implicated in several pathophysiological processes in the nervous, immune, and cardiovascular systems. Currently, manipulating polyamine levels is under investigation as a potential preventive treatment for several pathologies, including aging, ischemia/reperfusion injury, pulmonary hypertension, and cancer. Although polyamines have been implicated in many intracellular mechanisms, our understanding of these processes remains incomplete and is a topic of ongoing investigation. Here, we discuss the regulation and cellular functions of polyamines, their role in physiology and pathology, and emphasize the current gaps in knowledge and potential future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S Schibalski
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Anastasia S Shulha
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Betty P Tsao
- Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Daria V Ilatovskaya
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
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4
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Belotti E, Lacoste N, Iftikhar A, Simonet T, Papin C, Osseni A, Streichenberger N, Mari PO, Girard E, Graies M, Giglia-Mari G, Dimitrov S, Hamiche A, Schaeffer L. H2A.Z is involved in premature aging and DSB repair initiation in muscle fibers. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:3031-3049. [PMID: 38281187 PMCID: PMC11014257 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone variants are key epigenetic players, but their functional and physiological roles remain poorly understood. Here, we show that depletion of the histone variant H2A.Z in mouse skeletal muscle causes oxidative stress, oxidation of proteins, accumulation of DNA damages, and both neuromuscular junction and mitochondria lesions that consequently lead to premature muscle aging and reduced life span. Investigation of the molecular mechanisms involved shows that H2A.Z is required to initiate DNA double strand break repair by recruiting Ku80 at DNA lesions. This is achieved via specific interactions of Ku80 vWA domain with H2A.Z. Taken as a whole, our data reveal that H2A.Z containing nucleosomes act as a molecular platform to bring together the proteins required to initiate and process DNA double strand break repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwige Belotti
- Laboratoire Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle (PGNM), Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1315, CNRS UMR 5261, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Lacoste
- Laboratoire Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle (PGNM), Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1315, CNRS UMR 5261, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Arslan Iftikhar
- For Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS/INSERM/ULP, Parc d’innovation, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Ilkirch Cedex, France
| | - Thomas Simonet
- Laboratoire Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle (PGNM), Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1315, CNRS UMR 5261, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Papin
- For Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS/INSERM/ULP, Parc d’innovation, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Ilkirch Cedex, France
| | - Alexis Osseni
- Laboratoire Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle (PGNM), Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1315, CNRS UMR 5261, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Nathalie Streichenberger
- Laboratoire Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle (PGNM), Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1315, CNRS UMR 5261, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Pierre-Olivier Mari
- Laboratoire Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle (PGNM), Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1315, CNRS UMR 5261, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Girard
- Laboratoire Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle (PGNM), Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1315, CNRS UMR 5261, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Mohamed Graies
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM U1209, Site Santé - Allée des Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Giuseppina Giglia-Mari
- Laboratoire Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle (PGNM), Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1315, CNRS UMR 5261, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Stefan Dimitrov
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM U1209, Site Santé - Allée des Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Ali Hamiche
- For Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS/INSERM/ULP, Parc d’innovation, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Ilkirch Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Schaeffer
- Laboratoire Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle (PGNM), Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1315, CNRS UMR 5261, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
- Centre de Biotechnologie Cellulaire, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Remines M, Schoonover MG, Knox Z, Kenwright K, Hoffert KM, Coric A, Mead J, Ampfer J, Seye S, Strome ED. Profiling the compendium of changes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae due to mutations that alter availability of the main methyl donor S-Adenosylmethionine. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2024; 14:jkae002. [PMID: 38184845 PMCID: PMC10989883 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The SAM1 and SAM2 genes encode for S-Adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) synthetase enzymes, with AdoMet serving as the main cellular methyl donor. We have previously shown that independent deletion of these genes alters chromosome stability and AdoMet concentrations in opposite ways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To characterize other changes occurring in these mutants, we grew wildtype, sam1Δ/sam1Δ, and sam2Δ/sam2Δ strains in 15 different Phenotypic Microarray plates with different components and measured growth variations. RNA-Sequencing was also carried out on these strains and differential gene expression determined for each mutant. We explored how the phenotypic growth differences are linked to the altered gene expression, and hypothesize mechanisms by which loss of the SAM genes and subsequent AdoMet level changes, impact pathways and processes. We present 6 stories, discussing changes in sensitivity or resistance to azoles, cisplatin, oxidative stress, arginine biosynthesis perturbations, DNA synthesis inhibitors, and tamoxifen, to demonstrate the power of this novel methodology to broadly profile changes due to gene mutations. The large number of conditions that result in altered growth, as well as the large number of differentially expressed genes with wide-ranging functionality, speaks to the broad array of impacts that altering methyl donor abundance can impart. Our findings demonstrate that some cellular changes are directly related to AdoMet-dependent methyltransferases and AdoMet availability, some are directly linked to the methyl cycle and its role in production of several important cellular components, and others reveal impacts of SAM gene mutations on previously unconnected pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKayla Remines
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA
| | - Makailyn G Schoonover
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA
| | - Zoey Knox
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA
| | - Kailee Kenwright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA
| | - Kellyn M Hoffert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA
| | - Amila Coric
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA
| | - James Mead
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA
| | - Joseph Ampfer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA
| | - Serigne Seye
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA
| | - Erin D Strome
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA
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6
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Wang W, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Liu X, Song A, Ren J, Qu X. A Self-Adaptive Pyroptosis Inducer: Optimizing the Catalytic Microenvironment of Nanozymes by Membrane-Adhered Microbe Enables Potent Cancer Immunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310063. [PMID: 38153294 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis has garnered increasing attention in cancer immunotherapy. Moreover, increasing plasma membrane damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is considered an effective strategy for promoting pyroptosis. However, the current tactics for enhancing membrane rupture in pyroptosis are limited by the inherent drawbacks of ROS and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Herein, a self-adaptive pyroptosis inducer (LPZ) is designed by integrating Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and an enzyme-like metal-organic framework to achieve potent pyroptosis immunotherapy. LPZ can adhere to cancer cell membranes through the interaction between the pili of LGG and the mucin of cancer cells. In particular, the adaptive formula can gradually enhance the ability of nanozymes to produce ROS by creating an acidic microenvironment through anaerobic respiration. These results verify that LPZ could generate high levels of ROS both on the membrane and within cancer cells, leading to pyroptotic cell death and strong antitumor immunity. Meanwhile, LGG are eventually killed by ROS in this process to halt their respiration and prevent potential biosafety concerns. Overall, this work provides new inspiration for the design of self-adaptive nanocatalytic drugs for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xuemeng Liu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Anjun Song
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jinsong Ren
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiaogang Qu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
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7
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Zeng J, Zhang Y, Fang Y, Lian J, Zhang H, Zhang S, Lin B, Ye Z, Li C, Qiu X, Liang Y. Natural Product Quercetin-3-methyl ether Promotes Colorectal Cancer Cell Apoptosis by Downregulating Intracellular Polyamine Signaling. Int J Med Sci 2024; 21:904-913. [PMID: 38617002 PMCID: PMC11008483 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.93903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of cellular metabolism is a key marker of cancer, and it is suggested that metabolism should be considered as a targeted weakness of colorectal cancer. Increased polyamine metabolism is a common metabolic change in tumors. Thus, targeting polyamine metabolism for anticancer therapy, particularly polyamine blockade therapy, has gradually become a hot topic. Quercetin-3-methyl ether is a natural compound existed in various plants with diverse biological activities like antioxidant and antiaging. Here, we reported that Quercetin-3-methyl ether inhibits colorectal cancer cell viability, and promotes apoptosis in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. Intriguingly, the polyamine levels, including spermidine and spermine, in colorectal cancer cells were reduced upon treatment of Quercetin-3-methyl ether. This is likely resulted from the downregulation of SMOX, a key enzyme in polyamine metabolism that catalyzes the oxidation of spermine to spermidine. These findings suggest Quercetin-3-methyl ether decreases cellular polyamine level by suppressing SMOX expression, thereby inducing colorectal cancer cell apoptosis. Our results also reveal a correlation between the anti-tumor activity of Quercetin-3-methyl ether and the polyamine metabolism modulation, which may provide new insights into a better understanding of the pharmacological activity of Quercetin-3-methyl ether and how it reprograms cellular polyamine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Zeng
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yuancheng Zhang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Dongguan Proof-of-Concept Centers for Medical Use, Guangdong Xinghai Institute of Cell, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yuming Fang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Department of Pathology, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan 523000, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yuedong Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Jiachun Lian
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Department of Pathology, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan 523000, China
| | - Shaobing Zhang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Dongguan Proof-of-Concept Centers for Medical Use, Guangdong Xinghai Institute of Cell, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Bihua Lin
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Ziyu Ye
- Dongguan Proof-of-Concept Centers for Medical Use, Guangdong Xinghai Institute of Cell, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Caihong Li
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xianxiu Qiu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yanfang Liang
- Department of Pathology, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan 523000, China
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8
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Fang D, Zhang Z, Zhai J, Guo B, Li P, Liu X, Song J, Xie S, Wu R, Zhao Y, Wang C. Enzymatic-related network of catalysis, polyamine, and tumors for acetylpolyamine oxidase: from calculation to experiment. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2867-2882. [PMID: 38404376 PMCID: PMC10882482 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06037c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The regulation of enzymes and development of polyamine analogs capable of controlling the dynamics of endogenous polyamines to achieve anti-tumor effects is one of the biggest challenges in polyamine research. However, the root of the problem remains unsolved. This study represents a significant milestone as it unveils, for the first time, the comprehensive catalytic map of acetylpolyamine oxidase that includes chemical transformation and product release kinetics, by utilizing multiscale simulations with over six million dynamical snapshots. The transportation of acetylspermine is strongly exothermic, and high binding affinity of enzyme and reactant is observed. The transfer of hydride from polyamine to FAD is the rate-limiting step, via an H-shift coupled electron transfer mechanism. The two products are released in a detour stepwise mechanism, which also impacts the enzymatic efficiency. Inspired by these mechanistic insights into enzymatic catalysis, we propose a novel strategy that regulates the polyamine level and catalytic progress through the action of His64. Directly suppressing APAO by mutating His64 further inhibited growth and migration of tumor cells and tumor tissue in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the network connecting microcosmic and macroscopic scales opens up new avenues for designing polyamine compounds and conducting anti-tumor research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Fang
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University Kaifeng 475000 P. R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University Kaifeng 475000 P. R. China
| | - Zhiyang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University Kaifeng 475000 P. R. China
| | - Jihang Zhai
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University Kaifeng 475000 P. R. China
| | - Baolin Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University Kaifeng 475000 P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago Chicago Illinois 60660 USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University Kaifeng 475000 P. R. China
| | - Jinshuai Song
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 P. R. China
| | - Songqiang Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University Kaifeng 475000 P. R. China
| | - Ruibo Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University Kaifeng 475000 P. R. China
| | - Chaojie Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University Kaifeng 475000 P. R. China
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9
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Lee CY, Cheng WF, Lin PH, Chen YL, Huang SH, Lei KH, Chang KY, Ko MY, Chi P. An activity-based functional test for identifying homologous recombination deficiencies across cancer types in real time. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101247. [PMID: 37863059 PMCID: PMC10694588 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR)-mediated DNA repair is a prerequisite for maintaining genome stability. Cancer cells displaying HR deficiency (HRD) are selectively eliminated by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis). To date, sequencing of HR-associated genes and analyzing genome instability have been used as clinical predictions for PARPi therapy. However, these genetic tests cannot reflect dynamic changes in the HR status. Here, we have developed a virus- and activity-based functional assay to quantify real-time HR activity directly. Instead of focusing on a few HR-associated genes, our functional assay detects endpoint HR activity and establishes an activity threshold for identifying HRD across cancer types, validated by PARPi sensitivity and BRCA status. Notably, this fluorescence-based assay can be applied to primary ovarian cancer cells from patients to reflect their level of HRD, which is associated with survival benefits. Thus, our work provides a functional test to predict the response of primary cancer cells to PARPis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ying Lee
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Fang Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Han Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Li Chen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Han Huang
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Hang Lei
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Yu Chang
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Yu Ko
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peter Chi
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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10
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Li B, Kong Z, Liu Y, Xu B, Liu X, Li S, Zhang Z. A polyamine metabolism risk signature for predicting the prognosis and immune therapeutic response of kidney cancer. Transl Cancer Res 2023; 12:2477-2492. [PMID: 37969387 PMCID: PMC10643944 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-23-344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Polyamine metabolism is critically involved in the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells, including in kidney renal clear cell (KIRC) cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of polyamines in KIRC cancer remain largely unknown. Methods The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profile of KIRC was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and ArrayExpress database. Differential expression analysis was performed with the "limma" package in R. Univariate Cox regression and multivariable Cox regression were used to estimate correlation between variables and prognosis. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis was employed to screen variables and construct a risk signature. A nomogram model was established using the risk signature and clinical variables. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to assess the predicted accuracy and clinical benefit of the model. Results We identified nine differentially expressed polyamine metabolism-related genes (PMRGs) in TCGA-KIRC. Of these, six were closely associated with patients' outcomes. These six genes participated in different pathways and originated from different cell types within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Using the mRNA expression values of these genes, we constructed a 4-gene PMRG risk signature. Patients with high PMRG risk exhibited worse outcomes, and our analysis showed that the PMRG risk signature was an independent prognostic factor when clinical information was used as a covariate. We also found that multiple immune- or metabolism-related pathways were differentially enriched in high or low PMRG risk groups, suggesting that altering these pathways could lead to different clinical outcomes. Finally, in two external datasets, we found that the PMRG risk signature could predict the response of patients to immune therapy. Conclusions In summary, our study identified several potentially important PMRGs in KIRC and constructed a practical risk signature, which could serve as a foundation for further development of polyamine metabolism-based targeted therapies for KIRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Reproductive Medicine Department, Yuncheng Central Hospital of Shanxi Province, Yuncheng, China
| | - Zheng Kong
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bifeng Xu
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xun Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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11
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Lee DF, Atencio N, Bouchey S, Shoemaker MR, Dodd JS, Satre M, Miller KA, McFarlane JS. Kinetic and structural characterization of carboxyspermidine dehydrogenase of polyamine biosynthesis. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105033. [PMID: 37437886 PMCID: PMC10413350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamines are positively charged alkylamines ubiquitous among eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and archaea. Humans obtain polyamines through dietary intake, metabolic production, or uptake of polyamines made by gut microbes. The polyamine biosynthetic pathway used by most gut microbes differs from that used by human cells. This alternative pathway employs carboxyspermidine dehydrogenase (CASDH), an enzyme with limited characterization. Here, we solved a 1.94 Å X-ray crystal structure of Bacteroides fragilis CASDH by molecular replacement. BfCASDH is composed of three domains with a fold similar to saccharopine dehydrogenase but with a distinct active site arrangement. Using steady-state methods, we determined kcat and kcat/Km for BfCASDH and Clostridium leptum CASDH using putrescine, diaminopropane, aspartate semi-aldehyde, NADH, and NADPH as substrates. These data revealed evidence of cooperativity in BfCASDH. Putrescine is the likely polyamine substrate and NADPH is the coenzyme used to complete the reaction, forming carboxyspermidine as a product. These data provide the first kinetic characterization of CASDH-a key enzyme in the production of microbial polyamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle F Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fort Lewis College, Durango, Colorado, USA
| | - Niko Atencio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fort Lewis College, Durango, Colorado, USA
| | - Shade Bouchey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fort Lewis College, Durango, Colorado, USA
| | - Madeline R Shoemaker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fort Lewis College, Durango, Colorado, USA
| | - Joshua S Dodd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fort Lewis College, Durango, Colorado, USA
| | - Meredith Satre
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fort Lewis College, Durango, Colorado, USA
| | - Kenneth A Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fort Lewis College, Durango, Colorado, USA
| | - Jeffrey S McFarlane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fort Lewis College, Durango, Colorado, USA.
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12
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Zhgun AA. Fungal BGCs for Production of Secondary Metabolites: Main Types, Central Roles in Strain Improvement, and Regulation According to the Piano Principle. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11184. [PMID: 37446362 PMCID: PMC10342363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are one of the most important producers of secondary metabolites. Some of them can have a toxic effect on the human body, leading to diseases. On the other hand, they are widely used as pharmaceutically significant drugs, such as antibiotics, statins, and immunosuppressants. A single fungus species in response to various signals can produce 100 or more secondary metabolites. Such signaling is possible due to the coordinated regulation of several dozen biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), which are mosaically localized in different regions of fungal chromosomes. Their regulation includes several levels, from pathway-specific regulators, whose genes are localized inside BGCs, to global regulators of the cell (taking into account changes in pH, carbon consumption, etc.) and global regulators of secondary metabolism (affecting epigenetic changes driven by velvet family proteins, LaeA, etc.). In addition, various low-molecular-weight substances can have a mediating effect on such regulatory processes. This review is devoted to a critical analysis of the available data on the "turning on" and "off" of the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in response to signals in filamentous fungi. To describe the ongoing processes, the model of "piano regulation" is proposed, whereby pressing a certain key (signal) leads to the extraction of a certain sound from the "musical instrument of the fungus cell", which is expressed in the production of a specific secondary metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Zhgun
- Group of Fungal Genetic Engineering, Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 33-2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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13
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Kell L, Simon AK, Alsaleh G, Cox LS. The central role of DNA damage in immunosenescence. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1202152. [PMID: 37465119 PMCID: PMC10351018 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1202152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is the biggest risk factor for the development of multiple chronic diseases as well as increased infection susceptibility and severity of diseases such as influenza and COVID-19. This increased disease risk is linked to changes in immune function during ageing termed immunosenescence. Age-related loss of immune function, particularly in adaptive responses against pathogens and immunosurveillance against cancer, is accompanied by a paradoxical gain of function of some aspects of immunity such as elevated inflammation and increased incidence of autoimmunity. Of the many factors that contribute to immunosenescence, DNA damage is emerging as a key candidate. In this review, we discuss the evidence supporting the hypothesis that DNA damage may be a central driver of immunosenescence through senescence of both immune cells and cells of non-haematopoietic lineages. We explore why DNA damage accumulates during ageing in a major cell type, T cells, and how this may drive age-related immune dysfunction. We further propose that existing immunosenescence interventions may act, at least in part, by mitigating DNA damage and restoring DNA repair processes (which we term "genoprotection"). As such, we propose additional treatments on the basis of their evidence for genoprotection, and further suggest that this approach may provide a viable therapeutic strategy for improving immunity in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren Kell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Botnar Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Katharina Simon
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ghada Alsaleh
- Botnar Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lynne S. Cox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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14
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Wang N, Chai M, Zhu L, Liu J, Yu C, Huang X. Development and validation of polyamines metabolism-associated gene signatures to predict prognosis and immunotherapy response in lung adenocarcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1070953. [PMID: 37334367 PMCID: PMC10272553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1070953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Polyamines metabolism is closely related to tumor development and progression, as well as tumor microenvironment (TME). In this study, we focused on exploring whether polyamines metabolism-associated genes would provide prognosis and immunotherapy response prediction in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Methods The expression profile data of polyamines metabolism-associated genes were acquired from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Utilizing the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm, we created a risk score model according to polyamines metabolism-associated gene signatures. Meanwhile, an independent cohort (GSE72094) was employed to validate this model. Through the univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, the independent prognostic factors were identified. Subsequently, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect their expression in LUAD cells. By consensus clustering analysis, polyamines metabolism-associated subgroups were determined in LUAD patients, with differential gene expression, prognosis, and immune characteristics analyses explored. Results A total of 59 polyamines metabolism genes were collected for this study, of which 14 genes were identified for the construction of risk score model using LASSO method. High- and low- risk groups of LUAD patients in TCGA cohort were distinguished via this model, and high-risk group presented dismal clinical outcomes. The same prognostic prediction of this model had been also validated in GSE72094 cohort. Meanwhile, three independent prognostic factors (PSMC6, SMOX, SMS) were determined for constructing the nomogram, and they were all upregulated in LUAD cells. In addition, two distinct subgroups (C1 and C2) were identified in LUAD patients. Comparing the two subgroups, 291 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were acquired, mainly enriching in organelle fission, nuclear division, and cell cycle. Comparing to C1 subgroup, the patients in C2 subgroup had favorable clinical outcomes, increased immune cells infiltration, and effective immunotherapy response. Conclusion This study identified polyamines metabolism-associated gene signatures for predicting the patients' survival, and they were also linked to immune cells infiltration and immunotherapy response in LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengyu Chai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingye Zhu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chang Yu
- Intervention Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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15
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Shakirova A, Karpov T, Komarova Y, Lepik K. In search of an ideal template for therapeutic genome editing: A review of current developments for structure optimization. Front Genome Ed 2023; 5:1068637. [PMID: 36911237 PMCID: PMC9992834 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2023.1068637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is a fast developing field of medicine with hundreds of ongoing early-stage clinical trials and numerous preclinical studies. Genome editing (GE) now is an increasingly important technology for achieving stable therapeutic effect in gene correction, with hematopoietic cells representing a key target cell population for developing novel treatments for a number of hereditary diseases, infections and cancer. By introducing a double strand break (DSB) in the defined locus of genomic DNA, GE tools allow to knockout the desired gene or to knock-in the therapeutic gene if provided with an appropriate repair template. Currently, the efficiency of methods for GE-mediated knock-in is limited. Significant efforts were focused on improving the parameters and interaction of GE nuclease proteins. However, emerging data suggests that optimal characteristics of repair templates may play an important role in the knock-in mechanisms. While viral vectors with notable example of AAVs as a donor template carrier remain the mainstay in many preclinical trials, non-viral templates, including plasmid and linear dsDNA, long ssDNA templates, single and double-stranded ODNs, represent a promising alternative. Furthermore, tuning of editing conditions for the chosen template as well as its structure, length, sequence optimization, homology arm (HA) modifications may have paramount importance for achieving highly efficient knock-in with favorable safety profile. This review outlines the current developments in optimization of templates for the GE mediated therapeutic gene correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Shakirova
- RM Gorbacheva Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, Pavlov University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Timofey Karpov
- RM Gorbacheva Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, Pavlov University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yaroslava Komarova
- RM Gorbacheva Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, Pavlov University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kirill Lepik
- RM Gorbacheva Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, Pavlov University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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16
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Hofer SJ, Simon AK, Bergmann M, Eisenberg T, Kroemer G, Madeo F. Mechanisms of spermidine-induced autophagy and geroprotection. NATURE AGING 2022; 2:1112-1129. [PMID: 37118547 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00322-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Aging involves the systemic deterioration of all known cell types in most eukaryotes. Several recently discovered compounds that extend the healthspan and lifespan of model organisms decelerate pathways that govern the aging process. Among these geroprotectors, spermidine, a natural polyamine ubiquitously found in organisms from all kingdoms, prolongs the lifespan of fungi, nematodes, insects and rodents. In mice, it also postpones the manifestation of various age-associated disorders such as cardiovascular disease and neurodegeneration. The specific features of spermidine, including its presence in common food items, make it an interesting candidate for translational aging research. Here, we review novel insights into the geroprotective mode of action of spermidine at the molecular level, as we discuss strategies for elucidating its clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian J Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Anna Katharina Simon
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Bergmann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Eisenberg
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria.
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The Differential Metabolic Signature of Breast Cancer Cellular Response to Olaparib Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153661. [PMID: 35954325 PMCID: PMC9367310 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer remains a leading cause of female cancer related mortality worldwide. Loss of genomic stability and dysregulation of cellular metabolism are well-recognized features of breast cancer, presenting an opportunity to study the drivers of breast cancer progression and resistance to chemotherapy. The overarching goal of this work is to perform combined analysis of DNA damage repair and cellular metabolism in response to olaparib treatment in a panel of breast cancer cell lines. By applying a combined untargeted metabolomics and molecular biology approach, our findings show dysregulation of amino acid metabolism and metabolic reprogramming from glycolysis to amino acid utilization to be a common feature in all breast cancer cell lines examined, some of which are consistent with findings from the analysis of clinical breast cancer tumours. Functional assessment of genetic alterations offers the scope to design new prognostic tools and inform the design of new chemotherapies or drug combinations. Abstract Metabolic reprogramming and genomic instability are key hallmarks of cancer, the combined analysis of which has gained recent popularity. Given the emerging evidence indicating the role of oncometabolites in DNA damage repair and its routine use in breast cancer treatment, it is timely to fingerprint the impact of olaparib treatment in cellular metabolism. Here, we report the biomolecular response of breast cancer cell lines with DNA damage repair defects to olaparib exposure. Following evaluation of olaparib sensitivity in breast cancer cell lines, we immunoprobed DNA double strand break foci and evaluated changes in cellular metabolism at various olaparib treatment doses using untargeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics analysis. Following identification of altered features, we performed pathway enrichment analysis to measure key metabolic changes occurring in response to olaparib treatment. We show a cell-line-dependent response to olaparib exposure, and an increased susceptibility to DNA damage foci accumulation in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines. Metabolic changes in response to olaparib treatment were cell-line and dose-dependent, where we predominantly observed metabolic reprogramming of glutamine-derived amino acids and lipids metabolism. Our work demonstrates the effectiveness of combining molecular biology and metabolomics studies for the comprehensive characterisation of cell lines with different genetic profiles. Follow-on studies are needed to map the baseline metabolism of breast cancer cells and their unique response to drug treatment. Fused with genomic and transcriptomics data, such readout can be used to identify key oncometabolites and inform the rationale for the design of novel drugs or chemotherapy combinations.
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18
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El Naggar O, Doyle B, Mariner K, Gilmour SK. Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) Enhances the Cytotoxicity of PARP Inhibition in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Med Sci (Basel) 2022; 10:medsci10020028. [PMID: 35736348 PMCID: PMC9230675 DOI: 10.3390/medsci10020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer accounts for 3% of the total cancers in women, yet it is the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths among women. The BRCA1/2 germline and somatic mutations confer a deficiency of the homologous recombination (HR) repair pathway. Inhibitors of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), another important component of DNA damage repair, are somewhat effective in BRCA1/2 mutant tumors. However, ovarian cancers often reacquire functional BRCA and develop resistance to PARP inhibitors. Polyamines have been reported to facilitate the DNA damage repair functions of PARP. Given the elevated levels of polyamines in tumors, we hypothesized that treatment with the polyamine synthesis inhibitor, α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), may enhance ovarian tumor sensitivity to the PARP inhibitor, rucaparib. In HR-competent ovarian cancer cell lines with varying sensitivities to rucaparib, we show that co-treatment with DFMO increases the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to rucaparib. Immunofluorescence assays demonstrated that, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage, DFMO strongly inhibits PARylation, increases DNA damage accumulation, and reduces cell viability in both HR-competent and deficient cell lines. In vitro viability assays show that DFMO and rucaparib cotreatment significantly enhances the cytotoxicity of the chemotherapeutic agent, cisplatin. These results suggest that DFMO may be a useful adjunct chemotherapeutic to improve the anti-tumor efficacy of PARP inhibitors in treating ovarian cancer.
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Rieck J, Skatchkov SN, Derst C, Eaton MJ, Veh RW. Unique Chemistry, Intake, and Metabolism of Polyamines in the Central Nervous System (CNS) and Its Body. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040501. [PMID: 35454090 PMCID: PMC9025450 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) are small, versatile molecules with two or more nitrogen-containing positively charged groups and provide widespread biological functions. Most of these aspects are well known and covered by quite a number of excellent surveys. Here, the present review includes novel aspects and questions: (1) It summarizes the role of most natural and some important synthetic PAs. (2) It depicts PA uptake from nutrition and bacterial production in the intestinal system following loss of PAs via defecation. (3) It highlights the discrepancy between the high concentrations of PAs in the gut lumen and their low concentration in the blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, while concentrations in cellular cytoplasm are much higher. (4) The present review provides a novel and complete scheme for the biosynthesis of Pas, including glycine, glutamate, proline and others as PA precursors, and provides a hypothesis that the agmatine pathway may rescue putrescine production when ODC knockout seems to be lethal (solving the apparent contradiction in the literature). (5) It summarizes novel data on PA transport in brain glial cells explaining why these cells but not neurons preferentially accumulate PAs. (6) Finally, it provides a novel and complete scheme for PA interconversion, including hypusine, putreanine, and GABA (unique gliotransmitter) as end-products. Altogether, this review can serve as an updated contribution to understanding the PA mystery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Rieck
- Institut für Zell- und Neurobiologie, Centrum 2, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Serguei N. Skatchkov
- Department of Physiology, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, PR 00956, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, PR 00956, USA;
- Correspondence: (S.N.S.); (R.W.V.)
| | - Christian Derst
- Institut für Integrative Neuroanatomie, Centrum 2, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Misty J. Eaton
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, PR 00956, USA;
| | - Rüdiger W. Veh
- Institut für Zell- und Neurobiologie, Centrum 2, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany;
- Correspondence: (S.N.S.); (R.W.V.)
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20
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Han X, Shangguan J, Wang Z, Li Y, Fan J, Ren A, Zhao M. Spermidine Regulates Mitochondrial Function by Enhancing eIF5A Hypusination and Contributes to Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Ganoderic Acid Biosynthesis in Ganoderma lucidum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0203721. [PMID: 35108082 PMCID: PMC8939328 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02037-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermidine, a kind of polycation and one important member of the polyamine family, is essential for survival in many kinds of organisms and participates in the regulation of cell growth and metabolism. To explore the mechanism by which spermidine regulates ganoderic acid (GA) biosynthesis in Ganoderma lucidum, the effects of spermidine on GA and reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents were examined. Our data suggested that spermidine promoted the production of mitochondrial ROS and positively regulated GA biosynthesis. Further research revealed that spermidine promoted the translation of mitochondrial complexes I and II and subsequently influenced their activity. With a reduction in eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) hypusination by over 50% in spermidine synthase gene (spds) knockdown strains, the activities of mitochondrial complexes I and II were reduced by nearly 60% and 80%, respectively, and the protein contents were reduced by over 50%, suggesting that the effect of spermidine on mitochondrial complexes I and II was mediated through its influence on eIF5A hypusination. Furthermore, after knocking down eIF5A, the deoxyhypusine synthase gene (dhs), and the deoxyhypusine hydroxylase gene (dohh), the mitochondrial ROS level was reduced by nearly 50%, and the GA content was reduced by over 40%, suggesting that eIF5A hypusination contributed to mitochondrial ROS production and GA biosynthesis. In summary, spermidine maintains mitochondrial ROS homeostasis by regulating the translation and subsequent activity of complexes I and II via eIF5A hypusination and promotes GA biosynthesis via mitochondrial ROS signaling. The present findings provide new insight into the spermidine-mediated biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. IMPORTANCE Spermidine is necessary for organism survival and is involved in the regulation of various biological processes. However, the specific mechanisms underlying the various physiological functions of spermidine are poorly understood, especially in microorganisms. In this study, we found that spermidine hypusinates eIF5A to promote the production of mitochondrial ROS and subsequently regulate secondary metabolism in microorganisms. Our study provides a better understanding of the mechanism by which spermidine regulates mitochondrial function and provides new insight into the spermidine-mediated biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Han
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaolei Shangguan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junpei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingwen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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21
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Li X, Li Y, Ning KG, Chen S, Guo L, Bonzo JA, Mei N. The expression of Phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes in human B-lymphoblastoid TK6 cells. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2022; 40:106-118. [PMID: 35895929 PMCID: PMC9346962 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2022.2044242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In vitro genotoxicity testing plays an important role in chemical risk assessment. The human B-lymphoblastoid cell line TK6 is widely used as a standard cell line for regulatory safety evaluations. Like many other mammalian cell lines, TK6 cells have limited metabolic capacity; therefore, usually require a source of exogenous metabolic activation for use in genotoxicity testing. Previously, we developed a set of TK6-derived cell lines that individually express one of fourteen cytochrome P450s (CYPs). In the present study, we surveyed a panel of major Phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes to characterize their baseline expression in TK6 cells. These results may serve as a reference enzymatic profile of this commonly used cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilin Li
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Yuxi Li
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Kylie G. Ning
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
- Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Si Chen
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Lei Guo
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Jessica A. Bonzo
- Division of Pharmacology/Toxicology for Immunology and Inflammation, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Nan Mei
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
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22
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Korimerla N, Wahl DR. Interactions between Radiation and One-Carbon Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1919. [PMID: 35163841 PMCID: PMC8836916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer. Cancer cells rewire one-carbon metabolism, a central metabolic pathway, to turn nutritional inputs into essential biomolecules required for cancer cell growth and maintenance. Radiation therapy, a common cancer therapy, also interacts and alters one-carbon metabolism. This review discusses the interactions between radiation therapy, one-carbon metabolism and its component metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navyateja Korimerla
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Daniel R. Wahl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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23
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Gladilina YA, Bey L, Hilal A, Neborak EV, Blinova VG, Zhdanov DD. Cytoprotective Activity of Polyamines Is Associated with the Alternative Splicing of RAD51A Pre-mRNA in Normal Human CD4 + T Lymphocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1863. [PMID: 35163785 PMCID: PMC8837172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiological polyamines are ubiquitous polycations with pleiotropic biochemical activities, including regulation of gene expression and cell proliferation as well as modulation of cell signaling. They can also decrease DNA damage and promote cell survival. In the present study, we demonstrated that polyamines have cytoprotective effects on normal human CD4+ T lymphocytes but not on cancer Jurkat or K562 cells. Pretreatment of lymphocytes with polyamines resulted in a significant reduction in cells with DNA damage induced by doxorubicin, cisplatin, or irinotecan, leading to an increase in cell survival and viability. The induction of RAD51A expression was in response to DNA damage in both cancer and normal cells. However, in normal cells, putrescin pretreatment resulted in alternative splicing of RAD51A and the switch of the predominant expression from the splice variant with the deletion of exon 4 to the full-length variant. Induction of RAD51A alternative splicing by splice-switching oligonucleotides resulted in a decrease in DNA damage and cell protection against cisplatin-induced apoptosis. The results of this study suggest that the cytoprotective activity of polyamines is associated with the alternative splicing of RAD51A pre-mRNA in normal human CD4+ T lymphocytes. The difference in the sensitivity of normal and cancer cells to polyamines may become the basis for the use of these compounds to protect normal lymphocytes during lymphoblastic chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia A. Gladilina
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (Y.A.G.); (A.H.); (V.G.B.)
| | - Lylia Bey
- Department of Biochemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho—Maklaya St. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (L.B.); (E.V.N.)
| | - Abdullah Hilal
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (Y.A.G.); (A.H.); (V.G.B.)
| | - Ekaterina V. Neborak
- Department of Biochemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho—Maklaya St. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (L.B.); (E.V.N.)
| | - Varvara G. Blinova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (Y.A.G.); (A.H.); (V.G.B.)
| | - Dmitry D. Zhdanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (Y.A.G.); (A.H.); (V.G.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho—Maklaya St. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (L.B.); (E.V.N.)
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24
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Vu TV, Doan DTH, Tran MT, Sung YW, Song YJ, Kim JY. Improvement of the LbCas12a-crRNA System for Efficient Gene Targeting in Tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:722552. [PMID: 34447405 PMCID: PMC8383147 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.722552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant gene targeting (GT) can be utilized to precisely replace up to several kilobases of a plant genome. Recent studies using the powerful clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) nucleases significantly improved plant GT efficiency. However, GT for loci without associated selection markers is still inefficient. We previously utilized Lachnospiraceae bacterium Cas12a (LbCas12a) in combination with a replicon for tomato GT and obtained high GT efficiency with some selection markers. In this study, we advance our GT system by inhibiting the cNHEJ pathway with small chemical molecules such as NU7441. Further optimization of the GT is also possible with the treatment of silver nitrate possibly via its pronounced actions in ethylene inhibition and polyamine production. Importantly, the GT efficiency is significantly enhanced with the use of a temperature-tolerant LbCas12a (ttLbCas12a) that is capable of performing target cleavage even at low temperatures. Targeted deep sequencing, as well as conventional methods, are used for the assessment of the editing efficiency at both cell and plant levels. Our work demonstrates the significance of the selection of gene scissors, the appropriate design and number of LbCas12a crRNAs, the use of chemical treatments, and the establishment of favorable experimental conditions for further enhancement of plant HDR to enable efficient GT in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien Van Vu
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Cell Biotechnology, Agricultural Genetics Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duong Thi Hai Doan
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Mil Thi Tran
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
- Crop Science and Rural Development Division, College of Agriculture, Bac Lieu University, Bạc Liêu, Vietnam
| | - Yeon Woo Sung
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Young Jong Song
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Jae-Yean Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
- Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
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25
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Kanamori Y, Finotti A, Di Magno L, Canettieri G, Tahara T, Timeus F, Greco A, Tirassa P, Gasparello J, Fino P, Di Liegro CM, Proia P, Schiera G, Di Liegro I, Gambari R, Agostinelli E. Enzymatic Spermine Metabolites Induce Apoptosis Associated with Increase of p53, caspase-3 and miR-34a in Both Neuroblastoma Cells, SJNKP and the N-Myc-Amplified Form IMR5. Cells 2021; 10:1950. [PMID: 34440719 PMCID: PMC8393918 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a common malignant solid tumor in children and accounts for 15% of childhood cancer mortality. Amplification of the N-Myc oncogene is a well-established poor prognostic marker in NB patients and strongly correlates with higher tumor aggression and resistance to treatment. New therapies for patients with N-Myc-amplified NB need to be developed. After treating NB cells with BSAO/SPM, the detection of apoptosis was determined after annexin V-FITC labeling and DNA staining with propidium iodide. The mitochondrial membrane potential activity was checked, labeling cells with the probe JC-1 dye. We analyzed, by real-time RT-PCR, the transcript of genes involved in the apoptotic process, to determine possible down- or upregulation of mRNAs after the treatment on SJNKP and the N-Myc-amplified IMR5 cell lines with BSAO/SPM. The experiments were carried out considering the proapoptotic genes Tp53 and caspase-3. After treatment with BSAO/SPM, both cell lines displayed increased mRNA levels for all these proapoptotic genes. Western blotting analysis with PARP and caspase-3 antibody support that BSAO/SPM treatment induces high levels of apoptosis in cells. The major conclusion is that BSAO/SPM treatment leads to antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity of both NB cell lines, associated with activation of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Kanamori
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessia Finotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.F.); (J.G.); (R.G.)
| | - Laura Di Magno
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; (L.D.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Gianluca Canettieri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; (L.D.M.); (G.C.)
- Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Tomoaki Tahara
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (T.T.)
| | - Fabio Timeus
- Paediatric Onco-haematology, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital and Paediatric Department, Chivasso Hospital, 10034 Turin, Italy;
| | - Antonio Greco
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (T.T.)
| | - Paola Tirassa
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Research Council of Italy (CNR), 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Jessica Gasparello
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.F.); (J.G.); (R.G.)
| | - Pasquale Fino
- UOC of Dermatology, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza Medical School of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carlo Maria Di Liegro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche) (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (C.M.D.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Patrizia Proia
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement (Dipartimento di Scienze Psicologiche, Pedagogiche, dell’Esercizio fisico e della Formazione), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Gabriella Schiera
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche) (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (C.M.D.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Italia Di Liegro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.F.); (J.G.); (R.G.)
| | - Enzo Agostinelli
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (T.T.)
- International Polyamines Foundation ‘ETS-ONLUS’ Via del Forte Tiburtino 98, 00159 Rome, Italy
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26
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Chen CL, Hsu SC, Ann DK, Yen Y, Kung HJ. Arginine Signaling and Cancer Metabolism. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3541. [PMID: 34298755 PMCID: PMC8306961 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine is an amino acid critically involved in multiple cellular processes including the syntheses of nitric oxide and polyamines, and is a direct activator of mTOR, a nutrient-sensing kinase strongly implicated in carcinogenesis. Yet, it is also considered as a non- or semi-essential amino acid, due to normal cells' intrinsic ability to synthesize arginine from citrulline and aspartate via ASS1 (argininosuccinate synthase 1) and ASL (argininosuccinate lyase). As such, arginine can be used as a dietary supplement and its depletion as a therapeutic strategy. Strikingly, in over 70% of tumors, ASS1 transcription is suppressed, rendering the cells addicted to external arginine, forming the basis of arginine-deprivation therapy. In this review, we will discuss arginine as a signaling metabolite, arginine's role in cancer metabolism, arginine as an epigenetic regulator, arginine as an immunomodulator, and arginine as a therapeutic target. We will also provide a comprehensive summary of ADI (arginine deiminase)-based arginine-deprivation preclinical studies and an update of clinical trials for ADI and arginase. The different cell killing mechanisms associated with various cancer types will also be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lin Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 350, Miaoli County, Taiwan;
| | - Sheng-Chieh Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30035, Taiwan;
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 350, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - David K. Ann
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research, Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Yun Yen
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Hsing-Jien Kung
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 350, Miaoli County, Taiwan;
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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27
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High-Yielding Lovastatin Producer Aspergillus terreus Shows Increased Resistance to Inhibitors of Polyamine Biosynthesis. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10228290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of pharmaceutically significant secondary metabolites in filamentous fungi is a multistep process that depends on a wide range of various factors, one of which is the intracellular content of polyamines. We have previously shown that in Aspergillus terreus lovastatin high-yielding strain (HY) exogenous introduction of polyamines during fermentation can lead to an increase in the production of lovastatin by 20–45%. However, the molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon have not been elucidated. In this regard, we carried out an inhibitory analysis at the key stage of polyamine biosynthesis, the conversion of L-ornithine to putrescine by the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). A. terreus HY strain showed upregulation of genes for biosynthesis of polyamines, 3–10-fold, and increased resistance compared to the original wild-type strain upon inhibition of ODC on synthetic medium with 5 mM α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), by 20–25%, and 5 mM 1-aminooxy-3-aminopropane (APA), by 40–45%. The data obtained indicate changes in the metabolism of polyamines in A. terreus HY strain. The observed phenomenon may have a universal character among fungal producers of secondary metabolites improved by classical methods, since previously the increased resistance to ODC inhibitors was also shown for Acremonium chrysogenum, a high-yielding producer of cephalosporin C.
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28
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Huang WY, Hong JB, Chang M, Wang SY, Lai SF, Chien HF, Lin SJ. Lower proximal cup and outer root sheath cells regenerate hair bulbs during anagen hair follicle repair after chemotherapeutic injury. Exp Dermatol 2020; 30:503-511. [PMID: 32781495 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The cell dynamics and cell origin for anagen hair follicle (HF) repair following chemotherapeutic injury are unclear. We first mapped the HF response to cyclophosphamide (CYP) at natural anagen VI in mice. We found that 30-60 mg/kg of CYP leads to dose-dependent HF dystrophy that was spontaneously repaired with anagen resumption, while 120 mg/kg of CYP prematurely induced catagen/telogen entry. To explore how anagen HF repair is achieved in the dystrophic anagen pathway, we analysed the cell dynamics at 30 mg/kg of CYP. Hair bulbs first shrunk due to matrix cell apoptosis associated with DNA double-strand breaks. DNA damage was repaired, and ordered hair bulb structures were restored within 96 hours. Bulge stem cells did not undergo apoptosis nor proliferation. K5+ basal lower proximal cup cells and outer root sheath cells quickly replenished the cells in the germinative zone and regenerated the concentric layered structures of the lower HF segment. Therefore, anagen HFs are able to summon extra-bulge progenitor cells in close proximity to the damaged matrix for quick repair after CYP injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yen Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Bon Hong
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael Chang
- Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shih-Yi Wang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Fan Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiung-Fei Chien
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,TMU Center for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Jan Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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29
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Bruckbauer ST, Martin J, Minkoff BB, Veling MT, Lancaster I, Liu J, Trimarco JD, Bushnell B, Lipzen A, Wood EA, Sussman MR, Pennacchio C, Cox MM. Physiology of Highly Radioresistant Escherichia coli After Experimental Evolution for 100 Cycles of Selection. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:582590. [PMID: 33072055 PMCID: PMC7536353 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.582590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) is lethal to most organisms at high doses, damaging every cellular macromolecule via induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Utilizing experimental evolution and continuing previous work, we have generated the most IR-resistant Escherichia coli populations developed to date. After 100 cycles of selection, the dose required to kill 99% the four replicate populations (IR9-100, IR10-100, IR11-100, and IR12-100) has increased from 750 Gy to approximately 3,000 Gy. Fitness trade-offs, specialization, and clonal interference are evident. Long-lived competing sub-populations are present in three of the four lineages. In IR9, one lineage accumulates the heme precursor, porphyrin, leading to generation of yellow-brown colonies. Major genomic alterations are present. IR9 and IR10 exhibit major deletions and/or duplications proximal to the chromosome replication terminus. Contributions to IR resistance have expanded beyond the alterations in DNA repair systems documented previously. Variants of proteins involved in ATP synthesis (AtpA), iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis (SufD) and cadaverine synthesis (CadA) each contribute to IR resistance in IR9-100. Major genomic and physiological changes are emerging. An isolate from IR10 exhibits protein protection from ROS similar to the extremely radiation resistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans, without evident changes in cellular metal homeostasis. Selection is continuing with no limit to IR resistance in evidence as our E. coli populations approach levels of IR resistance typical of D. radiodurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven T Bruckbauer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Joel Martin
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Benjamin B Minkoff
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Center for Genomic Science Innovation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Mike T Veling
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Illissa Lancaster
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jessica Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Joseph D Trimarco
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | - Anna Lipzen
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Wood
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Michael R Sussman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Center for Genomic Science Innovation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | - Michael M Cox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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30
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Zhou Y, Hou Z, Fang L, Ke Q, Xiong Y, Fang P, Xiao S. Polyamine regulation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection depends on spermidine-spermine acetyltransferase 1. Vet Microbiol 2020; 250:108839. [PMID: 33002680 PMCID: PMC7501835 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of polyamine synthesis suppresses PRRSV proliferation. PRRSV infection relies on spermidine and spermine. PRRSV decreases the levels of intracellular polyamines. PRRSV infection increases the mRNA level of SAT1. SAT1 inhibits PRRSV propagation.
Like obligate intracellular parasites, viruses co-opt host cell resources to establish productive infections. Polyamines are key aliphatic molecules that perform important roles in cellular growth and proliferation. They are also needed for the successful multiplication of various viruses. Little is known about the effects of polyamines on Arteriviridae infections. Here, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), an economically prominent porcine virus, was used to investigate virus–polyamine interactions. We found that PRRSV infection significantly downregulated the levels of cellular polyamines. Using an inhibitor or specific short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) of ornithine decarboxylase 1, a key anabolic enzyme involved in the classical de novo biosynthesis of polyamines, we found that polyamine depletion abrogated PRRSV proliferation, and this effect was recoverable by adding exogenous spermidine and spermine, but not putrescine to the cells, suggesting that the host inhibits polyamine biosynthesis to restrict PRRSV proliferation. Further analysis revealed that the expression level of spermidine-spermine acetyltransferase 1 (SAT1), a catabolic enzyme that reduces spermidine and spermine levels, was upregulated during PRRSV infection, but conversely, SAT1 had an inhibitory effect on PRRSV reproduction. Our data show that polyamines are important molecules during PRRSV-host interactions, and polyamines and their biosynthetic pathways are potential therapeutic targets against PRRSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhenzhen Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liurong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiyun Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yujian Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Puxian Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shaobo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Interplay between Cellular Metabolism and the DNA Damage Response in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082051. [PMID: 32722390 PMCID: PMC7463900 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism is a fundamental cellular process that can become harmful for cells by leading to DNA damage, for instance by an increase in oxidative stress or through the generation of toxic byproducts. To deal with such insults, cells have evolved sophisticated DNA damage response (DDR) pathways that allow for the maintenance of genome integrity. Recent years have seen remarkable progress in our understanding of the diverse DDR mechanisms, and, through such work, it has emerged that cellular metabolic regulation not only generates DNA damage but also impacts on DNA repair. Cancer cells show an alteration of the DDR coupled with modifications in cellular metabolism, further emphasizing links between these two fundamental processes. Taken together, these compelling findings indicate that metabolic enzymes and metabolites represent a key group of factors within the DDR. Here, we will compile the current knowledge on the dynamic interplay between metabolic factors and the DDR, with a specific focus on cancer. We will also discuss how recently developed high-throughput technologies allow for the identification of novel crosstalk between the DDR and metabolism, which is of crucial importance to better design efficient cancer treatments.
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Yu F, Yuan Z, Zhang D, Liu Y, Zhao Q, Wang H. High-affinity and undissociated capillary electrophoresis for DNA strand exchange analysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:7403-7406. [PMID: 32514506 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02844d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
By identification of a super-stable protein-DNA-affinity system, we developed a free-solution capillary electrophoresis approach for rapid and sensitive detection of fundamentally important DNA strand exchange reactions mediated by recombinases. We further extended this assay for identification of hyper-recombinases generated from bioengineering and detection of single DNA mismatches caused by replication error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
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Tirtom NE, Hsu Y, Li HW. Polyamines stimulate RecA-mediated recombination by condensing duplex DNA and stabilizing intermediates. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:11928-11935. [PMID: 32432615 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01061h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Polyamines are naturally occurring cationic molecules in cells. In addition to their roles in modulating gene expression and cell proliferation, they have been shown to stimulate DNA recombination. The molecular mechanism for stimulation is not clear. We utilized single-molecule tethered particle motion (TPM) experiments to investigate how polyamines stimulate RecA-mediated recombination. We showed that natural polyamines, spermine and spermidine, condense duplex DNA, but with different efficiencies. While ∼300 μM of spermine condenses 50% of duplex DNA, 2.0 mM of spermidine is required to achieve the same level of condensation. The condensation takes place in a stepwise manner, and is reversible upon removal of polyamines. We also showed that addition of polyamines stimulates the duplex capture activity of RecA filament and stabilizes the intermediates with longer dwell time. Through condensing duplex DNA and stabilizing the complex of RecA filaments and duplex DNA, polyamines stimulate the formation of functional intermediates by ∼20-fold, and promote recombination progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yang Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wen Li
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.
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Sakamoto A, Terui Y, Uemura T, Igarashi K, Kashiwagi K. Polyamines regulate gene expression by stimulating translation of histone acetyltransferase mRNAs. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:8736-8745. [PMID: 32376690 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyamines regulate gene expression in Escherichia coli by translationally stimulating mRNAs encoding global transcription factors. In this study, we focused on histone acetylation, one of the mechanisms of epigenetic regulation of gene expression, to attempt to clarify the role of polyamines in the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes. We found that activities of histone acetyltransferases in both the nucleus and cytoplasm decreased significantly in polyamine-reduced mouse mammary carcinoma FM3A cells. Although protein levels of histones H3 and H4 did not change in control and polyamine-reduced cells, acetylation of histones H3 and H4 was greatly decreased in the polyamine-reduced cells. Next, we used control and polyamine-reduced cells to identify histone acetyltransferases whose synthesis is stimulated by polyamines. We found that polyamines stimulate the translation of histone acetyltransferases GCN5 and HAT1. Accordingly, GCN5- and HAT1-catalyzed acetylation of specific lysine residues on histones H3 and H4 was stimulated by polyamines. Consistent with these findings, transcription of genes required for cell proliferation was enhanced by polyamines. These results indicate that polyamines regulate gene expression by enhancing the expression of the histone acetyltransferases GCN5 and HAT1 at the level of translation. Mechanistically, polyamines enhanced the interaction of microRNA-7648-5p (miR-7648-5p) with the 5'-UTR of GCN5 mRNA, resulting in stimulation of translation due to the destabilization of the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) between the 5'-UTR and the ORF of GCN5 mRNA. Because HAT1 mRNA has a short 5'-UTR, polyamines may enhance initiation complex formation directly on this mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Sakamoto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Terui
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Kazuei Igarashi
- Amine Pharma Research Institute, Chiba, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keiko Kashiwagi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi, Chiba, Japan.
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Tsvetikova SA, Koshel EI. Microbiota and cancer: host cellular mechanisms activated by gut microbial metabolites. Int J Med Microbiol 2020; 310:151425. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2020.151425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Yang YJ, Dong HL, Qiang XW, Fu H, Zhou EC, Zhang C, Yin L, Chen XF, Jia FC, Dai L, Tan ZJ, Zhang XH. Cytosine Methylation Enhances DNA Condensation Revealed by Equilibrium Measurements Using Magnetic Tweezers. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:9203-9209. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jun Yang
- College of Life Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hai-Long Dong
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro & Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Qiang
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro & Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hang Fu
- College of Life Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Er-Chi Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lei Yin
- College of Life Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xue-Feng Chen
- College of Life Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Fu-Chao Jia
- Laboratory of Functional Molecules and Materials, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Liang Dai
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Tan
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro & Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xing-Hua Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Hyvönen MT, Keinänen TA, Nuraeva GK, Yanvarev DV, Khomutov M, Khurs EN, Kochetkov SN, Vepsäläinen J, Zhgun AA, Khomutov AR. Hydroxylamine Analogue of Agmatine: Magic Bullet for Arginine Decarboxylase. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E406. [PMID: 32155745 PMCID: PMC7175277 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The biogenic polyamines, spermine, spermidine (Spd) and putrescine (Put) are present at micro-millimolar concentrations in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells (many prokaryotes have no spermine), participating in the regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation. In mammalian cells Put is formed exclusively from L-ornithine by ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and many potent ODC inhibitors are known. In bacteria, plants, and fungi Put is synthesized also from agmatine, which is formed from L-arginine by arginine decarboxylase (ADC). Here we demonstrate that the isosteric hydroxylamine analogue of agmatine (AO-Agm) is a new and very potent (IC50 3•10-8 M) inhibitor of E. coli ADC. It was almost two orders of magnitude less potent towards E. coli ODC. AO-Agm decreased polyamine pools and inhibited the growth of DU145 prostate cancer cells only at high concentration (1 mM). Growth inhibitory analysis of the Acremonium chrysogenum demonstrated that the wild type (WT) strain synthesized Put only from L-ornithine, while the cephalosporin C high-yielding strain, in which the polyamine pool is increased, could use both ODC and ADC to produce Put. Thus, AO-Agm is an important addition to the set of existing inhibitors of the enzymes of polyamine biosynthesis, and an important instrument for investigating polyamine biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervi T. Hyvönen
- School of Pharmacy, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; (T.A.K.); (J.V.)
| | - Tuomo A. Keinänen
- School of Pharmacy, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; (T.A.K.); (J.V.)
| | - Gulgina K. Nuraeva
- Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (G.K.N.); (A.A.Z.)
| | - Dmitry V. Yanvarev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.V.Y.); (M.K.); (E.N.K.); (S.N.K.)
| | - Maxim Khomutov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.V.Y.); (M.K.); (E.N.K.); (S.N.K.)
| | - Elena N. Khurs
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.V.Y.); (M.K.); (E.N.K.); (S.N.K.)
| | - Sergey N. Kochetkov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.V.Y.); (M.K.); (E.N.K.); (S.N.K.)
| | - Jouko Vepsäläinen
- School of Pharmacy, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; (T.A.K.); (J.V.)
| | - Alexander A. Zhgun
- Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (G.K.N.); (A.A.Z.)
| | - Alex R. Khomutov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.V.Y.); (M.K.); (E.N.K.); (S.N.K.)
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38
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Perepelytsya S, Uličný J, Laaksonen A, Mocci F. Pattern preferences of DNA nucleotide motifs by polyamines putrescine2+, spermidine3+ and spermine4. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 47:6084-6097. [PMID: 31114917 PMCID: PMC6614828 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions of natural polyamines (putrescine2+, spermidine3+ and spermine4+) with DNA double helix are studied to characterize their nucleotide sequence pattern preference. Atomistic Molecular Dynamics simulations have been carried out for three systems consisting of the same DNA fragment d(CGCGAATTCGCGAATTCGCG) with different polyamines. The results show that polyamine molecules are localized with well-recognized patterns along the double helix with different residence times. We observed a clear hierarchy in the residence times of the polyamines, with the longest residence time (ca 100ns) in the minor groove. The analysis of the sequence dependence shows that polyamine molecules prefer the A-tract regions of the minor groove - in its narrowest part. The preferable localization of putrescine2+, spermidine3+ and spermine4+ in the minor groove with A-tract motifs is correlated with modulation of the groove width by a specific nucleotide sequences. We did develop a theoretical model pointing to the electrostatic interactions as the main driving force in this phenomenon, making it even more prominent for polyamines with higher charges. The results of the study explain the specificity of polyamine interactions with A-tract region of the DNA double helix which is also observed in experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiy Perepelytsya
- Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine.,Department of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Kyiv Academic University, 03142 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Jozef Uličný
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, P. J. Šafárik University, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Aatto Laaksonen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 210009 Nanjing, China.,Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, 700487, Romania
| | - Francesca Mocci
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, 700487, Romania.,Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy
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39
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Van Vu T, Sung YW, Kim J, Doan DTH, Tran MT, Kim JY. Challenges and Perspectives in Homology-Directed Gene Targeting in Monocot Plants. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 12:95. [PMID: 31858277 PMCID: PMC6923311 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-019-0355-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Continuing crop domestication/redomestication and modification is a key determinant of the adaptation and fulfillment of the food requirements of an exploding global population under increasingly challenging conditions such as climate change and the reduction in arable lands. Monocotyledonous crops are not only responsible for approximately 70% of total global crop production, indicating their important roles in human life, but also the first crops to be challenged with the abovementioned hurdles; hence, monocot crops should be the first to be engineered and/or de novo domesticated/redomesticated. A long time has passed since the first green revolution; the world is again facing the challenge of feeding a predicted 9.7 billion people in 2050, since the decline in world hunger was reversed in 2015. One of the major lessons learned from the first green revolution is the importance of novel and advanced trait-carrying crop varieties that are ideally adapted to new agricultural practices. New plant breeding techniques (NPBTs), such as genome editing, could help us succeed in this mission to create novel and advanced crops. Considering the importance of NPBTs in crop genetic improvement, we attempt to summarize and discuss the latest progress with major approaches, such as site-directed mutagenesis using molecular scissors, base editors and especially homology-directed gene targeting (HGT), a very challenging but potentially highly precise genome modification approach in plants. We therefore suggest potential approaches for the improvement of practical HGT, focusing on monocots, and discuss a potential approach for the regulation of genome-edited products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien Van Vu
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Cell Biotechnology, Agricultural Genetics Institute, Km 02, Pham Van Dong Road, Co Nhue 1, Bac Tu Liem, Hanoi, 11917, Vietnam
| | - Yeon Woo Sung
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihae Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Duong Thi Hai Doan
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Mil Thi Tran
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yean Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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40
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Barve A, Vega A, Shah PP, Ghare S, Casson L, Wunderlich M, Siskind LJ, Beverly LJ. Perturbation of Methionine/S-adenosylmethionine Metabolism as a Novel Vulnerability in MLL Rearranged Leukemia. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111322. [PMID: 31717699 PMCID: PMC6912509 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemias bearing mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) rearrangement (MLL-R) resulting in expression of oncogenic MLL fusion proteins (MLL-FPs) represent an especially aggressive disease subtype with the worst overall prognoses and chemotherapeutic response. MLL-R leukemias are uniquely dependent on the epigenetic function of the H3K79 methyltransferase DOT1L, which is misdirected by MLL-FPs activating gene expression, driving transformation and leukemogenesis. Given the functional necessity of these leukemias to maintain adequate methylation potential allowing aberrant activating histone methylation to proceed, driving leukemic gene expression, we investigated perturbation of methionine (Met)/S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) metabolism as a novel therapeutic paradigm for MLL-R leukemia. Disruption of Met/SAM metabolism, by either methionine deprivation or pharmacologic inhibition of downstream metabolism, reduced overall cellular methylation potential, reduced relative cell numbers, and induced apoptosis selectively in established MLL-AF4 cell lines or MLL-AF6-expressing patient blasts but not in BCR-ABL-driven K562 cells. Global histone methylation dynamics were altered, with a profound loss of requisite H3K79 methylation, indicating inhibition of DOT1L function. Relative occupancy of the repressive H3K27me3 modification was increased at the DOT1L promoter in MLL-R cells, and DOT1L mRNA and protein expression was reduced. Finally, pharmacologic inhibition of Met/SAM metabolism significantly prolonged survival in an advanced, clinically relevant patient–derived MLL-R leukemia xenograft model, in combination with cytotoxic induction chemotherapy. Our findings provide support for further investigation into the development of highly specific allosteric inhibitors of enzymatic mediators of Met/SAM metabolism or dietary manipulation of methionine levels. Such inhibitors may lead to enhanced treatment outcomes for MLL-R leukemia, along with cytotoxic chemotherapy or DOT1L inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Barve
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (A.B.); (L.J.S.)
| | - Alexis Vega
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
| | - Parag P. Shah
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
| | - Smita Ghare
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (S.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Lavona Casson
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (S.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Mark Wunderlich
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Leah J. Siskind
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (A.B.); (L.J.S.)
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
| | - Levi J. Beverly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (A.B.); (L.J.S.)
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (S.G.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +01-502-852-8968
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Tanaka H, Takeda K, Imai A. Polyamines alleviate the inhibitory effect of the DNA cross-linking agent mitomycin C on root growth. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:1659687. [PMID: 31446839 PMCID: PMC6804717 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1659687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) are ubiquitously present in various types of cells of living organisms. They are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell proliferation and cell differentiation, and are required for abiotic stress tolerances in plants. However, it is still not understood whether polyamines are involved in the plant growth inhibition caused by DNA-damaging agents. In this study, we examined the effects of polyamines on the inhibition of plant root growth and gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana treated with mitomycin C (MMC), a genotoxic agent that induces DNA interstrand crosslinks. We found that polyamines alleviated the inhibitory effect caused by MMC on root growth. In addition, we also found that polyamines alleviated the increased expression of AtBRCA1 and AtRAD51 genes induced by MMC treatment. Our study provides the first evidence that polyamines contribute to tolerance against plant-growth inhibition caused by a DNA-damaging chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Tanaka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuya Takeda
- Department of Food Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akihiro Imai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Food Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, Hiroshima, Japan
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Ohkubo S, Mancinelli R, Miglietta S, Cona A, Angelini R, Canettieri G, Spandidos DA, Gaudio E, Agostinelli E. Maize polyamine oxidase in the presence of spermine/spermidine induces the apoptosis of LoVo human colon adenocarcinoma cells. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:2080-2094. [PMID: 31081059 PMCID: PMC6521933 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Amine oxidases, which contribute to the regulation of polyamine levels, catalyze the oxidative deamination of polyamines to generate H2O2 and aldehyde(s). In this study, and at least to the best of our knowledge, maize polyamine oxidase (ZmPAO) was used for the first time with the aim of identifying a novel strategy for cancer therapy. The cytotoxicity and the mechanisms of cell death induced by the enzymatic oxidation products of polyamine generated by ZmPAO were investigated. Exogenous spermine and ZmPAO treatment decreased cell viability in a spermine dose‑ and time‑dependent manner, particularly, the viability of the multidrug‑resistant (MDR) colon adenocarcinoma cells, LoVo DX, when compared with drug‑sensitive ones (LoVo WT). Further analyses revealed that H2O2 derived from spermine was mainly responsible for the cytotoxicity. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that treatment with ZmPAO and spermine increased the apoptotic population of LoVo WT and LoVo DX cells. In addition, we found that treatment with ZmPAO and spermine markedly reduced mitochondrial membrane potential in the LoVo DX cells, in agreement with the results of cell viability and apoptosis assays. Transmission electron microscopic observations supported the involvement of mitochondrial depolarization in the apoptotic process. Therefore, the dysregulation of polyamine metabolism in tumor cells may be a potential therapeutic target. In addition, the development of MDR tumor cells is recognized as a major obstacle in cancer therapy. Therefore, the design of a novel therapeutic strategy based on the use of this combination may be taken into account, making this approach attractive mainly in treating MDR cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Ohkubo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences ‘A. Rossi Fanelli’, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00185 Rome
| | - Romina Mancinelli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161 Rome
| | - Selenia Miglietta
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161 Rome
| | | | | | - Gianluca Canettieri
- Pasteur Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161 Rome
| | - Enzo Agostinelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences ‘A. Rossi Fanelli’, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00185 Rome
- International Polyamines Foundation - ONLUS, I-00159 Rome, Italy
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