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Foucher A, Evrard O, Rabiet L, Cerdan O, Landemaine V, Bizeul R, Chalaux-Clergue T, Marescaux J, Debortoli N, Ambroise V, Desprats JF. Uncontrolled deforestation and population growth threaten a tropical island's water and land resources in only 10 years. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn5941. [PMID: 39141744 PMCID: PMC11323937 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn5941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Rapid demographic growth in tropical islands can exacerbate conflicts and pressures on natural resources, as illustrated by the French island of Mayotte where resources are limited. In only 10 years, uncontrolled migration and population growth (+80% of population between 2002 and 2021) have led to a pronounced 3600% increase in deforestation rates (2010-2014) and an intensification of agricultural practices, escalating conflicts over limited land, water, and biodiversity resources. Implementing an original multi-proxy approach to sediment cores, our study reveals a staggering 300% acceleration in erosion during the first wave of migration (2011-2015), followed by a further 190% increase (2019-2021) under sustained migratory and demographic pressures. Sedimentary DNA analysis provided insights into increased connectivity and community changes. By 2050, the population of this region will increase by 74 and 103%, in Comoros and Madagascar islands, respectively. Urgent conservation measures are needed to avoid major socio-environmental crises and to protect resources for future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Foucher
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement (LSCE-IPSL), UMR 8212 (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Evrard
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement (LSCE-IPSL), UMR 8212 (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Laura Rabiet
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement (LSCE-IPSL), UMR 8212 (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | | | | | - Rémi Bizeul
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement (LSCE-IPSL), UMR 8212 (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Thomas Chalaux-Clergue
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement (LSCE-IPSL), UMR 8212 (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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Ridley FA, Rushton SP, Hickinbotham EJ, Suggitt AJ, McGowan PJK, Mair L. Global mismatches between threat mapping research effort and the potential of threat abatement actions to reduce extinction risk. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024; 38:e14271. [PMID: 38623873 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Threat mapping is a necessary tool for identifying and abating direct threats to species in the ongoing extinction crisis. There are known gaps in the threat mapping literature for particular threats and geographic locations, and it remains unclear if the distribution of research effort is appropriately targeted relative to conservation need. We aimed to determine the drivers of threat mapping research effort and to quantify gaps that, if filled, could inform actions with the highest potential to reduce species' extinction risk. We used a negative binomial generalized linear model to analyze research effort as a function of threat abatement potential (quantified as the potential reduction in species extinction risk from abating threats), species richness, land area, and human pressure. The model showed that threat mapping research effort increased by 1.1 to 1.2 times per standardized unit change in threat abatement potential. However, species richness and land area were stronger predictors of research effort overall. The greatest areas of mismatch between research effort and threat abatement potential, receiving disproportionately low research effort, were related to the threats to species of agriculture, aquaculture, and biological resource use across the tropical regions of the Americas, Asia, and Madagascar. Conversely, the threat of linear infrastructure (e.g., roads and rails) across regions, the threat of biological resource use (e.g., hunting or collection) in sub-Saharan Africa, and overall threats in North America and Europe all received disproportionately high research effort. We discuss the range of methodological and sociopolitical factors that may be behind the overall trends and specific areas of mismatch we found. We urge a stronger emphasis on targeting research effort toward those threats and geographic locations where threat abatement activities could make the greatest contribution to reducing global species extinction risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca A Ridley
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Stephen P Rushton
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Emily J Hickinbotham
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Andrew J Suggitt
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Philip J K McGowan
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Louise Mair
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Oktavia D, Pratiwi SD, Kamaludin NN, Widiawaty MA, Dede M. Dynamics of Land use and Land cover in the Belitung Island, Indonesia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33291. [PMID: 39021928 PMCID: PMC11252994 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Belitung Island, situated in the Southeast Asian tin belt, experiences substantial transformations in land use and land cover (LULC) driven by mining activities, impacting both local economic growth and the ecosystem. This study aims to elucidate the dynamic LULC changes on Belitung Island and evaluate deforestation trends. LULC data spanning from 1990 to 2020 were acquired from The Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK), employing supervised classification of satellite imageries. The dataset demonstrated an overall accuracy ranging from 0.79 to 0.92 and was reclassified into six types based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change or IPCC's classes, encompassing forest, cropland, grassland, other land, settlements, and wetlands. Our research unveiled a notable reduction of over 25 % in forest cover within the past 30 years. Notably, 2020 exhibited instances of reforestation, which subsequently transformed into cropland (0.57 %), grassland (0.32 %), and other lands (0.39 %). Belitung Island grapples with challenges related to sustainable development, environmental conservation, and food security. Forest Landscape Restoration (FLR) emerges as a potential strategy to address some of the socioeconomic and ecological issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Oktavia
- Graduate School, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung City, West Java, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Santi Dwi Pratiwi
- Faculty of Geological Engineering, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang Regency, West Java, 45363, Indonesia
| | | | - Millary Agung Widiawaty
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Moh. Dede
- Graduate School, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung City, West Java, 40132, Indonesia
- Faculty of Social Sciences Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung City, West Java, 40154, Indonesia
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Ding LJ, Ren XY, Zhou ZZ, Zhu D, Zhu YG. Forest-to-Cropland Conversion Reshapes Microbial Hierarchical Interactions and Degrades Ecosystem Multifunctionality at a National Scale. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:11027-11040. [PMID: 38857061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c01203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Conversion from natural lands to cropland, primarily driven by agricultural expansion, could significantly alter soil microbiome worldwide; however, influences of forest-to-cropland conversion on microbial hierarchical interactions and ecosystem multifunctionality have not been fully understood. Here, we examined the effects of forest-to-cropland conversion on intratrophic and cross-trophic microbial interactions and soil ecosystem multifunctionality and further disclosed their underlying drivers at a national scale, using Illumina sequencing combined with high-throughput quantitative PCR techniques. The forest-to-cropland conversion significantly changed the structure of soil microbiome (including prokaryotic, fungal, and protistan communities) while it did not affect its alpha diversity. Both intrakingdom and interkingdom microbial networks revealed that the intratrophic and cross-trophic microbial interaction patterns generally tended to be more modular to resist environmental disturbance introduced from forest-to-cropland conversion, but this was insufficient for the cross-trophic interactions to maintain stability; hence, the protistan predation behaviors were still disturbed under such conversion. Moreover, key soil microbial clusters were declined during the forest-to-cropland conversion mainly because of the increased soil total phosphorus level, and this drove a great degradation of the ecosystem multifunctionality (by 207%) in cropland soils. Overall, these findings comprehensively implied the negative effects of forest-to-cropland conversion on the agroecosystem, from microbial hierarchical interactions to ecosystem multifunctionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Jun Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin-Yue Ren
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Zi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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5
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Cui Y, Dong J, Zhang C, Yang J, Chen N, Guo P, Di Y, Chen M, Li A, Liu R. Validation and refinement of cropland map in southwestern China by harnessing ten contemporary datasets. Sci Data 2024; 11:671. [PMID: 38909027 PMCID: PMC11193745 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03508-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Accurate cropland map serves as the cornerstone of effective agricultural monitoring. Despite the continuous enrichment of remotely sensed cropland maps, pervasive inconsistencies have impeded their further application. This issue is particularly evident in areas with limited valid observations, such as southwestern China, which is characterized by its complex topography and fragmented parcels. In this study, we constructed multi-sourced samples independent of the data producers, taking advantage of open-source validation datasets and sampling to rectify the accuracy of ten contemporary cropland maps in southwestern China, decoded their inconsistencies, and generated a refined cropland map (CroplandSyn) by leveraging ten state-of-the-art remotely sensed cropland maps released from 2021 onwards using the self-adaptive threshold method. Validations, conducted at both prefecture and county scales, underscored the superiority of the refined cropland map, aligning more closely with national land survey data. The refined cropland map and samples are publicly available to users. Our study offers valuable insights for improving agricultural practices and land management in under-monitored areas by providing high-quality cropland maps and validation datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Cui
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jinwei Dong
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Jilin Yang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Peng Guo
- Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yuanyuan Di
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Mengxi Chen
- Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Aiwen Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ronggao Liu
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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6
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Velado-Alonso E, Kleijn D, Bartomeus I. Reassessing science communication for effective farmland biodiversity conservation. Trends Ecol Evol 2024; 39:537-547. [PMID: 38395670 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Integrating biodiversity conservation into agriculture is a pressing challenge promoted by conservationists. Although biodiversity can also provide important benefits to farmers, the adoption of biodiversity-enhancing measures is lagging behind the scientific evidence. This may partially be related to the way scientists position themselves. If scientists do not convincingly communicate about the implications of their evidence, other interested stakeholders will drive the conversations. To increase societal impact, scientists must understand the complex communication environment and take an informed and strategic position. We describe the prevailing conservation and farming narratives, highlighting how the term 'biodiversity' can be used to start dialogues between parties with conflicting demands and exemplifying how scientists can build effective narratives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Velado-Alonso
- Ecology and Evolution Department, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain; Functional Agrobiodiversity & Agroecology Group, Department of Crop Science, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - David Kleijn
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ignasi Bartomeus
- Ecology and Evolution Department, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
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7
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Yahaya I, Xu R, Zhou J, Jiang S, Su B, Huang J, Cheng J, Dong Z, Jiang T. Projected patterns of land uses in Africa under a warming climate. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12315. [PMID: 38811602 PMCID: PMC11136982 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Land-use change is a direct driver of biodiversity loss, projection and future land use change often consider a topical issue in response to climate change. Yet few studies have projected land-use changes over Africa, owing to large uncertainties. We project changes in land-use and land-use transfer under future climate for three specified time periods: 2021-2040, 2041-2060, and 2081-2100, and compares the performance of various scenarios using observational land-use data for the year 2020 and projected land-use under seven Shared Socioeconomic Pathways Scenarios (SSP): SSP1-1.9, SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, SSP4-3.4, SSP4-6.0 and SSP5-8.5 from 2015 to 2100 in Africa. The observational land-use types for the year 2020 depict a change and show linear relationship between observational and simulated land-use with a strong correlation of 0.89 (P < 0.01) over Africa. Relative to the reference period (1995-2014), for (2021-2040), (2041-2060), (2081-2100), barren land and forest land are projected to decrease by an average of (6%, 11%, 16%), (9%, 19%, 38%) respectively, while, crop land, grassland and urban land area are projected to increase by (36%, 58%, and 105%), (4%, 7% and 11%), and (139%, 275% and 450%) respectively. Results show a substantial variations of land use transfer between scenarios with major from barren land to crop land, for the whole future period (2015-2100). Although SSP4-3.4 project the least transfer. Population and GDP show a relationship with cropland and barren land. The greatest conversion of barren land to crop land could endanger biodiversity and have negative effects on how well the African continent's ecosystem's function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Yahaya
- Research Institute of Climatic and Environmental Governance, Institute for Disaster Risk Management/School of Geographical Science Nanjing, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
- Department of Geography, Gombe State University, P.M.B, 127, Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria
| | - Runhong Xu
- School of Geographical Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Research Institute of Climatic and Environmental Governance, Institute for Disaster Risk Management/School of Geographical Science Nanjing, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Research Institute of Climatic and Environmental Governance, Institute for Disaster Risk Management/School of Geographical Science Nanjing, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
- School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Buda Su
- Research Institute of Climatic and Environmental Governance, Institute for Disaster Risk Management/School of Geographical Science Nanjing, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Jinlong Huang
- Research Institute of Climatic and Environmental Governance, Institute for Disaster Risk Management/School of Geographical Science Nanjing, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhibo Dong
- Research Institute of Climatic and Environmental Governance, Institute for Disaster Risk Management/School of Geographical Science Nanjing, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Tong Jiang
- Research Institute of Climatic and Environmental Governance, Institute for Disaster Risk Management/School of Geographical Science Nanjing, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
- School of Geographical Science, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing, 210013, China.
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8
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Tang Z, Sng KTH, Zhang Y, Carrasco LR. Climate change market-driven poleward shifts in cropland production create opportunities for tropical biodiversity conservation and habitat restoration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171198. [PMID: 38438043 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Although the impacts of climate change on the yields of crops have been studied, how these changes will result in the eventual realized crop production through market feedbacks has received little attention. Using a combination of attainable yield predictions for wheat, rice, maize, soybean and sugarcane, computable general equilibrium and land rent models, we project market impacts and crop-specific land-use change up to 2100 and the resulting implications for carbon and biodiversity. The results show a general increase in crop prices in tropical regions and a decrease in sub-tropical and temperate regions. Land-use change driven by market feedbacks generally amplify the effects of climate change on yields. Wheat, maize and sugarcane are projected to experience the most expansion especially in Canada and Russia, which also present the highest potential for habitat conversion-driven carbon emissions. Conversely, Latin America presents the highest extinction potential for birds, mammals and amphibians due to cropland expansion. Climate change is likely to redistribute agricultural production, generating market-driven land-use feedback effects which could, counterintuitively, protect global biodiversity by shifting global food production towards less-biodiverse temperate regions while creating substantial restoration opportunities in the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Tang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore,14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Keith T H Sng
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore,14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore,14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - L Roman Carrasco
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore,14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore.
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Zhao J, Yu L, Newbold T, Shen X, Liu X, Hua F, Kanniah K, Ma K. Biodiversity responses to agricultural practices in cropland and natural habitats. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:171296. [PMID: 38423324 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Largely driven by agricultural pressures, biodiversity has experienced great changes globally. Exploring biodiversity responses to agricultural practices associated with agricultural intensification can benefit biodiversity conservation in agricultural landscapes. However, the effects of agricultural practices may also extend to natural habitats. Moreover, agricultural impacts may also vary with geographical region. We analyze biodiversity responses to landscape cropland coverage, cropping frequency, fertiliser and yield, among different land-use types and across geographical regions. We find that species richness and total abundance generally respond negatively to increased landscape cropland coverage. Biodiversity reductions in human land-use types (pasture, plantation forest and cropland) were stronger in tropical than non-tropical regions, which was also true for biodiversity reductions with increasing yield in both human and natural land-use types. Our results underline substantial biodiversity responses to agricultural practices not only in cropland but also in natural habitats, highlighting the fact that biodiversity conservation demands a greater focus on optimizing agricultural management at the landscape scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiao Zhao
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Le Yu
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Ministry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Tim Newbold
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaoli Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Target Cognition and Application Technology (TCAT), Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Network Information System Technology (NIST), Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Fangyuan Hua
- Institute of Ecology, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kasturi Kanniah
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), Research Institute for Sustainable Environment (RISE) and Tropical Map Research Group, Faculty of Built Environment and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor 81310, Malaysia
| | - Keping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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Shakoor A, Pendall E, Arif MS, Farooq TH, Iqbal S, Shahzad SM. Does no-till crop management mitigate gaseous emissions and reduce yield disparities: An empirical US-China evaluation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170310. [PMID: 38272081 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Global agricultural systems face one of the greatest sustainability challenges: meeting the growing demand for food without leaving a negative environmental footprint. United States (US) and China are the two largest economies and account for 39 % of total global greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions into the atmosphere. No-till is a promising land management option that allows agriculture to better adapt and mitigate climate change effects compared to traditional tillage. However, the efficacy of no-till for mitigating GHG is still debatable. In this meta-analysis, we comprehensively assess the impact of no-till (relative to traditional tillage) on GHG mitigation potential and crop productivity in different agroecological systems and management regimes in the US and China. Overall, no-till in China did not change crop yields, although soil CO2 (8 %) and N2O (12 %) emissions decreased significantly, while soil CH4 emissions increased by 12 %. In contrast to Chinese no-till, a significant improvement in crop yields (up to 12 %) was recorded on US cropland under no-till. Moreover, significant decreases in soil N2O (21 %) and CH4 (12 %) emissions were observed. Of the three cropping systems, only wheat showed significant reduction in CO2, N2O and CH4 emissions in the Chinese no-till system. In the case of US, no-till soybean-rice and maize cropping systems demonstrated significant emission reductions for N2O and CO2, respectively. Interestingly, yields of no-till maize in China and rice in US exceeded those of other no-till cereals. In China, no-till on medium-texture soils resulted in significant reductions in GHG emissions and higher crop yields compared to other soil types. In both countries, the relatively higher crop yields under irrigated versus non-irrigated no-till and the significant yield differences on fine textured soils under US no-till are likely due to the substantial N2O reductions. In summary, crop yield disparities from no-till between China and the US were related to the insignificant effects on controlling CH4 emissions and successfully mitigating N2O, respectively. This study comprehensively demonstrates how cropping system and pedoclimatic conditions influence the relative effectiveness of no-till in both countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awais Shakoor
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Elise Pendall
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Muhammad Saleem Arif
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Taimoor Hassan Farooq
- Bangor College China, A Joint Unit of Bangor University and Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shahid Iqbal
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Sher Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Punjab, Pakistan
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11
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Probst E, Fader M, Mauser W. The water-energy-food-ecosystem nexus in the Danube River Basin: Exploring scenarios and implications of maize irrigation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169405. [PMID: 38123083 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The Water-Energy-Food-Ecosystem (WEFE) nexus concept postulates that water, energy production, agriculture and ecosystems are closely interlinked. In transboundary river basins, different sectors and countries compete for shared water resources. In the Danube River Basin (DRB), possible expansion of agricultural irrigation is expected to intensify water competition in the WEFE nexus, however, trade-offs have not yet been quantified. Here, we quantified trade-offs between agriculture, hydropower and (aquatic) ecosystems in the DRB resulting from maize irrigation when irrigation water was withdrawn from rivers. Using the process-based hydro-agroecological model PROMET, we simulated three maize scenarios for the period 2011-2020: (i) rainfed; (ii) irrigated near rivers without considering environmental flow requirements (EFRs); (iii) irrigated near rivers with water abstractions complying with EFRs. Maize yield and water use efficiency (WUE) increased by 101-125 % and 29-34 % under irrigation compared to rainfed cultivation. Irrigation water withdrawals from rivers resulted in moderate to severe discharge reductions and, without consideration of EFRs, to substantial EFR infringements. Annual hydropower production decreased by 1.0-1.9 % due to discharge reductions. However, the financial turnover increase in agriculture (5.8-7.2 billion €/a) was two orders of magnitude larger than the financial turnover decrease in hydropower (23.9-47.8 million €/a), making water more profitable in agriculture. Irrigation WUE was highest for EFR-compliant irrigation, indicating that maintaining EFRs is economically beneficial and that improving WUE is key to attenuating nexus water competition. Current maize production could be met on the most productive 35-41 % of current maize cropland under irrigation, allowing 59-65 % to be returned to nature without loss of production. Maize priority areas were on fertile lowlands near major rivers, while biodiversity priority areas were on marginal cropland of highest biodiversity intactness. Our quantitative trade-off analysis can help identifying science-based pathways for sustainable WEFE nexus management in the DRB, also in light of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Probst
- Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Luisenstraße 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany.
| | - Marianela Fader
- Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Luisenstraße 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfram Mauser
- Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Luisenstraße 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany; VISTA Inc., Gabelsbergerstraße 51, D-80333 Munich, Germany
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12
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Priyadarshana TS, Martin EA, Sirami C, Woodcock BA, Goodale E, Martínez-Núñez C, Lee MB, Pagani-Núñez E, Raderschall CA, Brotons L, Rege A, Ouin A, Tscharntke T, Slade EM. Crop and landscape heterogeneity increase biodiversity in agricultural landscapes: A global review and meta-analysis. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14412. [PMID: 38549269 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Agricultural intensification not only increases food production but also drives widespread biodiversity decline. Increasing landscape heterogeneity has been suggested to increase biodiversity across habitats, while increasing crop heterogeneity may support biodiversity within agroecosystems. These spatial heterogeneity effects can be partitioned into compositional (land-cover type diversity) and configurational heterogeneity (land-cover type arrangement), measured either for the crop mosaic or across the landscape for both crops and semi-natural habitats. However, studies have reported mixed responses of biodiversity to increases in these heterogeneity components across taxa and contexts. Our meta-analysis covering 6397 fields across 122 studies conducted in Asia, Europe, North and South America reveals consistently positive effects of crop and landscape heterogeneity, as well as compositional and configurational heterogeneity for plant, invertebrate, vertebrate, pollinator and predator biodiversity. Vertebrates and plants benefit more from landscape heterogeneity, while invertebrates derive similar benefits from both crop and landscape heterogeneity. Pollinators benefit more from configurational heterogeneity, but predators favour compositional heterogeneity. These positive effects are consistent for invertebrates and vertebrates in both tropical/subtropical and temperate agroecosystems, and in annual and perennial cropping systems, and at small to large spatial scales. Our results suggest that promoting increased landscape heterogeneity by diversifying crops and semi-natural habitats, as suggested in the current UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration, is key for restoring biodiversity in agricultural landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharaka S Priyadarshana
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Emily A Martin
- Animal Ecology, Institute of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University of Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Clélia Sirami
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, UMR Dynafor, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Ben A Woodcock
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Eben Goodale
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Carlos Martínez-Núñez
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Estación Biológica de Doñana EBD (CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Myung-Bok Lee
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Emilio Pagani-Núñez
- Centre for Conservation and Restoration Science, School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Chloé A Raderschall
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | | | - Anushka Rege
- Centre for Nature-Based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Annie Ouin
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, UMR Dynafor, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Department of Agroecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eleanor M Slade
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore City, Singapore
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13
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Sanz Sanz E, Napoléone C, Debolini M, Martinetti D, Moreno Pérez O, de Benito C, Mouléry M, Pinto Correia T, Filippini R, Arfa L, Yacamán-Ochoa C. Farmland expansion and intensification do not foster local food self-sufficiency. Insights from the Mediterranean area. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119769. [PMID: 38147766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Bridging the gap between the micro and the macro scale in modelling food security to inform context-specific regionalised policies remains a major scientific challenge. A better understanding of the relations between global and local drivers impacting local food self-sufficiency (LFSS) is essential. We applied to the whole Mediterranean environmental area (Southern and Northern) a modelling framework for structural estimates (PLS-PM) using qualitative and quantitative methods to combine local-level information from field surveys and participatory workshops with global-level data. Our findings show that farmland expansion and intensification spatially disconnected from urban consumption areas do not appear to foster LFSS. On the other hand, public policies appear key to enhancing LFSS in the Mediterranean area if appropriate to the particular regional context. We outline how this multi-level modelling methodology can contribute to a place-based approach by informing context-specific regionalised policies aimed at food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Sanz Sanz
- INRAE (French National Institute for Research on Agriculture, Food and Environment), ACT department, Ecodéveloppement unit, 228 route de l'aérodrome, 84914, Avignon, France.
| | - Claude Napoléone
- INRAE (French National Institute for Research on Agriculture, Food and Environment), ACT department, Ecodéveloppement unit, 228 route de l'aérodrome, 84914, Avignon, France
| | - Marta Debolini
- INRAE, AgroEcoSystem department, EMMAH unit (Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des AgroHydrosystèmes), Avignon, France; CMCC Foundation - Euro-Mediterranean Centre on Climate Change, IAFES Division, Viale Italia 39, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Davide Martinetti
- INRAE, MathNum department, BIOSP unit (Biostatistique et Processus Spatiaux), Avignon, France
| | - Olga Moreno Pérez
- UPV (Universitat Politècnica de València), Group of International Economics and Development, Department of Economics and Social Sciences, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina de Benito
- INRAE (French National Institute for Research on Agriculture, Food and Environment), ACT department, Ecodéveloppement unit, 228 route de l'aérodrome, 84914, Avignon, France
| | - Michel Mouléry
- INRAE (French National Institute for Research on Agriculture, Food and Environment), ACT department, Ecodéveloppement unit, 228 route de l'aérodrome, 84914, Avignon, France
| | - Teresa Pinto Correia
- MED (Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development) & CHANGE (Global Change and Sustainability Institute), Departamento de Paisagem, Ambiente e Ordenamento, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 ,Évora, Portugal
| | - Rosalia Filippini
- University of Parma, Department of Economics and Management, Parma, Italy
| | - Lamia Arfa
- University of Carthage, National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, Department of Agricultural and Agri-food Economics and Management. 3, Avenue Charles Nicolle 1082, Tunis, Tunisia; National Agronomic Research Institute of Tunisia, Agricultural Economics Department, Rue Hedi karray, 2049, Tunis, Tunisia
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14
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Li F, Wu S, Liu H, Yan D. Biodiversity loss through cropland displacement for urban expansion in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167988. [PMID: 37875196 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
As a result of rapid economic development, urban expansion reduced the cropland in China. To secure the food supply, cropland displacement to maintain the quantity and quality of cropland has been implemented. Here, we quantified the biodiversity losses due to cropland displacement resulting from urban expansion from a telecoupling perspective in China from 1980 to 2020. A comprehensive multimodel assessment demonstrated that the indirect biodiversity losses due to cropland displacement resulting from urban expansion were approximately 2 to 3 times higher than its direct biodiversity losses, at a total loss of approximately 0.6 % to 1.0 %, as indicated by three biodiversity indicators. Displaced cropland with a higher biodiversity cost but lower cropland productivity is the main reason for the excessive indirect losses and suggests that socioecological processes may be detrimental to the synergistic benefits of the UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) for food security and terrestrial biodiversity. This study also identified source-sink hotspots for indirect biodiversity losses, which can contribute to improving biodiversity conservation, optimizing the spatial distribution of cropland and thus enhancing socioecological system sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fufu Li
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, and PKU-Saihanba Station, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Shaohua Wu
- Institute of Land and Urban-Rural Development, Zhejiang University of Finance & Economics, 18 Xueyuan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
| | - Hongyan Liu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, and PKU-Saihanba Station, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Daohao Yan
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China..
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15
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Feeding the future global population. Nat Commun 2024; 15:222. [PMID: 38172145 PMCID: PMC10764937 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44588-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
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16
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Mirski P, Grosberg J, Kull T, Mellov P, Tõnisalu G, Väli V, Väli Ü. Movement of avian predators points to biodiversity hotspots in agricultural landscape. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:231543. [PMID: 38204791 PMCID: PMC10776223 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Global agricultural landscapes are witnessing a concerning decline in biodiversity, and this trend is predicted to persist. To safeguard these biodiversity-rich areas, it is crucial to pinpoint hotspots effectively. In doing so, we used various species of avian predators as suitable sentinel animals due to their mobility and dependence on prey diversity and abundance. Between 2019 and 2021, we tracked 62 individuals from four bird of prey species using GPS loggers in Estonian farmland. Dividing the study area into 50 m grids and overlaying them with tracked individuals' locations enabled us to differentiate between hotspots of their activity and control sites. We conducted surveys on amphibian, bird, small mammal and plant abundance and diversity to determine if avian predator activity hotspots correlated with overall biodiversity. Our findings revealed significantly higher diversity and abundance in the surveyed groups within activity hotspots compared to control sites. These hotspots continued to be frequently used by raptors in the subsequent year, albeit not two years later. In conclusion, multispecies GPS telemetry of avian predators emerges as an objective, dependable and spatially accurate biodiversity indicator. With the accumulation of movement data, we anticipate increased interest and adoption of this approach in biodiversity monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Mirski
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5D, Tartu 51006, Estonia
- Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, Białystok 15-245, Poland
| | - Jaan Grosberg
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5D, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Thea Kull
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5D, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Pelle Mellov
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5D, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Grete Tõnisalu
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5D, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Vivika Väli
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5D, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Ülo Väli
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5D, Tartu 51006, Estonia
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17
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You Y, Tian H, Pan S, Shi H, Lu C, Batchelor WD, Cheng B, Hui D, Kicklighter D, Liang XZ, Li X, Melillo J, Pan N, Prior SA, Reilly J. Net greenhouse gas balance in U.S. croplands: How can soils be part of the climate solution? GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17109. [PMID: 38273550 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Agricultural soils play a dual role in regulating the Earth's climate by releasing or sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2 ) in soil organic carbon (SOC) and emitting non-CO2 greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as nitrous oxide (N2 O) and methane (CH4 ). To understand how agricultural soils can play a role in climate solutions requires a comprehensive assessment of net soil GHG balance (i.e., sum of SOC-sequestered CO2 and non-CO2 GHG emissions) and the underlying controls. Herein, we used a model-data integration approach to understand and quantify how natural and anthropogenic factors have affected the magnitude and spatiotemporal variations of the net soil GHG balance in U.S. croplands during 1960-2018. Specifically, we used the dynamic land ecosystem model for regional simulations and used field observations of SOC sequestration rates and N2 O and CH4 emissions to calibrate, validate, and corroborate model simulations. Results show that U.S. agricultural soils sequestered13.2 ± 1.16 $$ 13.2\pm 1.16 $$ Tg CO2 -C year-1 in SOC (at a depth of 3.5 m) during 1960-2018 and emitted0.39 ± 0.02 $$ 0.39\pm 0.02 $$ Tg N2 O-N year-1 and0.21 ± 0.01 $$ 0.21\pm 0.01 $$ Tg CH4 -C year-1 , respectively. Based on the GWP100 metric (global warming potential on a 100-year time horizon), the estimated national net GHG emission rate from agricultural soils was122.3 ± 11.46 $$ 122.3\pm 11.46 $$ Tg CO2 -eq year-1 , with the largest contribution from N2 O emissions. The sequestered SOC offset ~28% of the climate-warming effects resulting from non-CO2 GHG emissions, and this offsetting effect increased over time. Increased nitrogen fertilizer use was the dominant factor contributing to the increase in net GHG emissions during 1960-2018, explaining ~47% of total changes. In contrast, reduced cropland area, the adoption of agricultural conservation practices (e.g., reduced tillage), and rising atmospheric CO2 levels attenuated net GHG emissions from U.S. croplands. Improving management practices to mitigate N2 O emissions represents the biggest opportunity for achieving net-zero emissions in U.S. croplands. Our study highlights the importance of concurrently quantifying SOC-sequestered CO2 and non-CO2 GHG emissions for developing effective agricultural climate change mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfa You
- Center for Earth System Science and Global Sustainability (CES3), Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
- College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Hanqin Tian
- Center for Earth System Science and Global Sustainability (CES3), Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shufen Pan
- Center for Earth System Science and Global Sustainability (CES3), Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
- College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
- Department of Engineering, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoqun Lu
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Bo Cheng
- Biosystems Engineering Department, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Dafeng Hui
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - David Kicklighter
- The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xin-Zhong Liang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science and Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaoyong Li
- Center for Earth System Science and Global Sustainability (CES3), Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jerry Melillo
- The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Naiqing Pan
- Center for Earth System Science and Global Sustainability (CES3), Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephen A Prior
- USDA-ARS National Soil Dynamics Laboratory, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - John Reilly
- Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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18
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Shi H, Luo G, Sutanudjaja EH, Hellwich O, Chen X, Ding J, Wu S, He X, Chen C, Ochege FU, Wang Y, Ling Q, Kurban A, De Maeyer P, Van de Voorde T. Recent impacts of water management on dryland's salinization and degradation neutralization. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:3240-3251. [PMID: 37980171 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Reducing soil salinization of croplands with optimized irrigation and water management is essential to achieve land degradation neutralization (LDN). The effectiveness and sustainability of various irrigation and water management measures to reduce basin-scale salinization remain uncertain. Here we used remote sensing to estimate the soil salinity of arid croplands from 1984 to 2021. We then use Bayesian network analysis to compare the spatial-temporal response of salinity to water management, including various irrigation and drainage methods, in ten large arid river basins: Nile, Tigris-Euphrates, Indus, Tarim, Amu, Ili, Syr, Junggar, Colorado, and San Joaquin. In basins at more advanced phases of development, managers implemented drip and groundwater irrigation and thus effectively controlled salinity by lowering groundwater levels. For the remaining basins using conventional flood irrigation, economic development and policies are crucial for establishing a virtuous circle of "improving irrigation systems, reducing salinity, and increasing agricultural incomes" which is necessary to achieve LDN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Department of Geography, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium; School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Geping Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Research Centre for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Sino-Belgian Joint Laboratory of Geo-Information, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
| | - Edwin H Sutanudjaja
- Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584, Netherlands
| | - Olaf Hellwich
- Department of Computer Vision & Remote Sensing, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin 10587, Germany
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Research Centre for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Sino-Belgian Joint Laboratory of Geo-Information, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
| | - Jianli Ding
- College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Shixin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Xiufeng He
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Chunbo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Friday U Ochege
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt 500004, Nigeria
| | - Yuangang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Qing Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Alishir Kurban
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Research Centre for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Sino-Belgian Joint Laboratory of Geo-Information, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Philippe De Maeyer
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Geography, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium; Sino-Belgian Joint Laboratory of Geo-Information, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Tim Van de Voorde
- Department of Geography, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium; Sino-Belgian Joint Laboratory of Geo-Information, Ghent 9000, Belgium
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19
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Chong H, Zhu Y, Lai Q, Wu S, Jiang T, Zhang D, Xiao H. Response of Spider and Epigaeic Beetle Assemblages to Overwinter Planting Regimes and Surrounding Landscape Compositions. INSECTS 2023; 14:951. [PMID: 38132624 PMCID: PMC10744018 DOI: 10.3390/insects14120951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The rotation patterns of summer rice-winter oil seed rape and summer rice-winter fallow are the main planting regimes in the rice ecosystem in southern China. However, the impact of local rotation patterns and landscape factors on the overwintering conservation of predators in spider and epigaeic beetle assemblages remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the diversity and density of spiders and beetles over two consecutive winters (2019/2020 and 2020/2021), focusing on the impact of two rotation patterns (rice-fallow and rice-oilseed rape) and surrounding landscape compositions on predator diversity. The main findings of our research were that spiders were more abundant and had a higher activity density in the fallow rice fields (FRs) compared to the oilseed rape fields (OSRs), whereas ground beetles exhibited the opposite pattern. Specifically, fallow rice fields supported small and ballooning spiders (e.g., dominant spider: Ummeliata insecticeps), while OSRs supported larger ground beetles (e.g., dominant beetles: Agonum chalcomus and Pterostichus liodactylus). Moreover, the composition of spider assemblages were impacted by semi-natural habitats (SNHs) during overwintering, while ground beetle assemblages were influenced by overwinter planting patterns. Overall, our results suggest that different planting regimes and preserving semi-natural habitats are a strategic way to enhance species diversity and functional diversity of ground predators. It is, therefore, recommended that to conserve and improve predator diversity during overwintering, land managers and farmers should aim to maintain diverse planting regimes and conserve local semi-natural habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hainan Chong
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (S.W.); (T.J.)
| | - Yulin Zhu
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (S.W.); (T.J.)
- Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Qian Lai
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (S.W.); (T.J.)
| | - Song Wu
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (S.W.); (T.J.)
| | - Ting Jiang
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (S.W.); (T.J.)
| | - Dandan Zhang
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Haijun Xiao
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (S.W.); (T.J.)
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20
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Upadhyay SK, Rajput VD, Kumari A, Espinosa-Saiz D, Menendez E, Minkina T, Dwivedi P, Mandzhieva S. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria: a potential bio-asset for restoration of degraded soil and crop productivity with sustainable emerging techniques. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:9321-9344. [PMID: 36413266 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01433-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The rapid expansion of degraded soil puts pressure on agricultural crop yield while also increasing the likelihood of food scarcity in the near future at the global level. The degraded soil does not suit plants growth owing to the alteration in biogeochemical cycles of nutrients, soil microbial diversity, soil organic matter, and increasing concentration of heavy metals and organic chemicals. Therefore, it is imperative that a solution should be found for such emerging issues in order to establish a sustainable future. In this context, the importance of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for their ability to reduce plant stress has been recognized. A direct and indirect mechanism in plant growth promotion is facilitated by PGPR via phytostimulation, biofertilizers, and biocontrol activities. However, plant stress mediated by deteriorated soil at the field level is not entirely addressed by the implementation of PGPR at the field level. Thus, emerging methods such as CRISPR and nanotechnological approaches along with PGPR could manage degraded soil effectively. In the pursuit of the critical gaps in this respect, the present review discusses the recent advancement in PGPR action when used along with nanomaterials and CRISPR, impacting plant growth under degraded soil, thereby opening a new horizon for researchers in this field to mitigate the challenges of degraded soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir K Upadhyay
- Department of Environmental Science, V.B.S. Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, 222003, India
| | - Vishnu D Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, 344090.
| | - Arpna Kumari
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, 344090
| | - Daniel Espinosa-Saiz
- Microbiology and Genetics Department, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute for Agribiotechnology Research (CIALE), Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Esther Menendez
- Microbiology and Genetics Department, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute for Agribiotechnology Research (CIALE), Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
- Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development (MED), Institute for Advanced Studies and Research (IIFA), Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Évora, Portugal
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, 344090
| | - Padmanabh Dwivedi
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., 221005, India
| | - Saglara Mandzhieva
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, 344090
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21
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Leddin D, Montgomery H. The fundamentals: understanding the climate change crisis. Gut 2023; 72:2196-2198. [PMID: 37977583 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-331008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Desmond Leddin
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Hugh Montgomery
- Department of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
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22
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Kong L, Wu T, Xiao Y, Xu W, Zhang X, Daily GC, Ouyang Z. Natural capital investments in China undermined by reclamation for cropland. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:1771-1777. [PMID: 37749401 PMCID: PMC10627817 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02198-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Globally, rising food demand has caused widespread biodiversity and ecosystem services loss, prompting growing efforts in ecological protection and restoration. However, these efforts have been significantly undercut by further reclamation for cropland. Focusing on China, the world's largest grain producer, we found that at the national level from 2000 to 2015, reclamation for cropland undermined gains in wildlife habitat and the ecosystem services of water retention, sandstorm prevention, carbon sequestration and soil retention by 113.8%, 63.4%, 52.5%, 29.0% and 10.2%, respectively. To achieve global sustainability goals, conflicts between inefficient reclamation for cropland and natural capital investment need to be alleviated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqiao Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Natural Capital Project, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gretchen C Daily
- Natural Capital Project, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biology and Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhiyun Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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23
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Hao P, Lin B, Ren Y, Hu H, Lou W, Yi K, Xue B, Huang L, Li X, Hua S. How Antioxidants, Osmoregulation, Genes and Metabolites Regulate the Late Seeding Tolerance of Rapeseeds ( Brassica napus L.) during Wintering. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1915. [PMID: 38001769 PMCID: PMC10669261 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed seeding dates are largely delayed under the rice-rape rotation system, but how rapeseeds adapt to the delayed environment remains unclear. Here, five seeding dates (20 October, 30 October, 10 November, 20 November and 30 November, T1 to T5) were set and the dynamic differences between two late-seeding-tolerant (LST) and two late-seeding-sensitive (LSS) rapeseed cultivars were investigated in a field experiment. The growth was significantly repressed and the foldchange (LST/LSS) of yield increased from 1.50-T1 to 2.64-T5 with the delay in seeding. Both LST cultivars showed higher plant coverage than the LSS cultivars according to visible/hyperspectral imaging and the vegetation index acquired from an unmanned aerial vehicle. Fluorescence imaging, DAB and NBT staining showed that the LSS cultivars suffered more stress damage than the LST cultivars. Antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT, APX) and osmoregulation substances (proline, soluble sugar, soluble protein) were decreased with the delay in seeding, while the LST cultivar levels were higher than those of the LSS cultivars. A comparative analysis of transcriptomes and metabolomes showed that 55 pathways involving 123 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 107 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) participated in late seeding tolerance regulation, while 39 pathways involving 60 DEGs and 68 DAMs were related to sensitivity. Levanbiose, α-isopropylmalate, s-ribosyl-L-homocysteine, lauroyl-CoA and argino-succinate were differentially accumulated in both cultivars, while genes including isocitrate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and newgene_7532 were also largely regulated. This study revealed the dynamic regulation mechanisms of rapeseeds on late seeding conditions, which showed considerable potential for the genetic improvement of rapeseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Hao
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (P.H.); (B.L.); (K.Y.); (B.X.); (L.H.); (X.L.)
| | - Baogang Lin
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (P.H.); (B.L.); (K.Y.); (B.X.); (L.H.); (X.L.)
| | - Yun Ren
- Huzhou Agricultural Science and Technology Development Center, Huzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huzhou 313000, China;
| | - Hao Hu
- Institute of Digital Agriculture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (H.H.); (W.L.)
| | - Weidong Lou
- Institute of Digital Agriculture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (H.H.); (W.L.)
| | - Kaige Yi
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (P.H.); (B.L.); (K.Y.); (B.X.); (L.H.); (X.L.)
| | - Bowen Xue
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (P.H.); (B.L.); (K.Y.); (B.X.); (L.H.); (X.L.)
| | - Lan Huang
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (P.H.); (B.L.); (K.Y.); (B.X.); (L.H.); (X.L.)
| | - Xi Li
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (P.H.); (B.L.); (K.Y.); (B.X.); (L.H.); (X.L.)
| | - Shuijin Hua
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (P.H.); (B.L.); (K.Y.); (B.X.); (L.H.); (X.L.)
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24
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Zhao F, Yang L, Yen H, Feng Q, Li M, Chen L. Reducing risks of antibiotics to crop production requires land system intensification within thresholds. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6094. [PMID: 37773228 PMCID: PMC10541423 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41258-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Land system intensification has substantially enhanced crop production; however, it has also created soil antibiotic pollution, undermining crop production. Here, we projected soil antibiotic pollution risks to crop production at multiple geographical scales in China and linked them to land system intensification (including arable land expansion and input increase). Our projections suggest that crop production will substantially decrease when the soil antibiotic pollution risk quotient exceeds 8.30-9.98. Land systems explain most of the variability in antibiotic pollution risks (21-66%) across spatial scales. The convex nonlinearities in tradeoffs between antibiotic pollution risk and crop production indicate that vegetable and wheat production have higher thresholds of land system intensification at which the risk-yield tradeoffs will peak than do maize and rice production. Our study suggests that land system intensification below the minimum thresholds at multiple scales is required for acceptable antibiotic pollution risks related to crop yield reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangkai Zhao
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haw Yen
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- Environmental Exposure Modeling, Bayer U.S. Crop Science Division, Chesterfield, MO, 63017, USA
| | - Qingyu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liding Chen
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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25
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Ochoa-Brito JI, Ghosh A, Hijmans RJ. Cropland expansion in Ecuador between 2000 and 2016. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291753. [PMID: 37725616 PMCID: PMC10508625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe changes in the cropland distribution for physiographic and bioregions of continental Ecuador between 2000 and 2016 using Landsat satellite data and government statistics. The cloudy conditions in Ecuador are a major constraint to satellite data analysis. We developed a two-stage cloud filtering algorithm to create cloud-free multi-temporal Landsat composites that were used in a Random Forest model to identify cropland. The overall accuracy of the model was 78% for the Coast region, 86% for the Andes, and 98% for the Amazon region. Cropland density was highest in the coastal lowlands and in the Andes between 2500 and 4400 m. During this period, cropland expansion was most pronounced in the Páramo, Chocó Tropical Rainforests, and Western Montane bioregions. There was no cropland expansion detected in the Eastern Foothill forests bioregion. The satellite data analysis further showed a small contraction of cropland (4%) in the Coast physiographic region, and cropland expansion in the Andes region (15%), especially above 3500m, and in the Amazon region (57%) between 2000 and 2016. The government data showed a similar contraction for the Coast (7%) but, in contrast with the satellite data, they showed a large agricultural contraction in the Andes (39%) and Amazon (50%). While the satellite data may be better at estimating relative change (trends), the government data may provide more accurate absolute numbers in some regions, especially the Amazon because separating pasture and tree crops from forest with satellite data is challenging. These discrepancies illustrate the need for careful evaluation and comparison of data from different sources when analyzing land use change.
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Affiliation(s)
- José I. Ochoa-Brito
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Spatial Informatics Group, LLC, Pleasanton, California, United States of America
| | - Aniruddha Ghosh
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Robert J. Hijmans
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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26
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Aneaus S, Rashid I, Srivastava PK, Charoo SA. Quantifying the landscape changes within and outside the Dachigam National Park, Kashmir Himalaya, India using observations and models. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1139. [PMID: 37665531 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11676-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Protected areas are the cornerstone of biodiversity and serve as a haven for biodiversity conservation. However, due to immense anthropic pressures and ongoing changes in climate, the protected reserves are under immense threat. Human interference through land system changes is a major precusor of fragmentation of landscapes resulting in the decline of Himalayan biodiversity. In this context, this research assessed land use land cover changes (LULCCs) and fragmentation within and outside the Dachigam National Park (DNP) using remote sensing data, GIS-based models and ground truth over the past 55 years (1965-2020). Landscape Fragmentation Tool (LFT) helped to compute edge effect, patchiness, perforation and core areas. The Land Change Modeller (LCM) of IDRISI TerrSet was used for simulating the future LULC for the years 2030, 2050, 2700 and 2100. The analysis of LULCCs showed that built-up and aquatic vegetation expanded by 326% and 174%, respectively in the vicinity of the DNP. The area under agriculture, scrub and pasture decreased primarily due to intensified land use activities. Within the DNP, the area under forest cover declined by 7%. A substantial decrease was observed in the core zone both within (39%) and outside (30%) the DNP indicative of fragmentation of natural habitats. LCM analysis projected 10% increase in the built-up extents besides forests, shrublands and pastures. This knowledge generated in this study shall form an important baseline for understanding and characterising the human-wildlife relationship, initiating long-term ecological research (LTER) on naturally vegetated and aquatic ecosystems (primarily Dal Lake) of the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Aneaus
- Department of Geoinformatics, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Irfan Rashid
- Department of Geoinformatics, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India.
| | - Prashant K Srivastava
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Samina Amin Charoo
- Department of Wildlife Protection, Government of Jammu and Kashmir, Near Hotel Lalit Grand, Boulevard Road, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190001, India
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27
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28
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Robertson RD, De Pinto A, Cenacchi N. Assessing the future global distribution of land ecosystems as determined by climate change and cropland incursion. CLIMATIC CHANGE 2023; 176:108. [PMID: 37520165 PMCID: PMC10382346 DOI: 10.1007/s10584-023-03584-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The geographic distribution of natural ecosystems is affected by both climate and cropland. Discussions of future land use/land cover usually focus on how cropland expands and displaces natural vegetation especially as climate change impacts become stronger. Less commonly considered is the direct influence of climate change on natural ecosystems simultaneously with cropland incursion. We combine a natural vegetation model responsive to climate with a cropland allocation algorithm to assess the relative importance of climate change compared to cropland incursion. Globally, the model indicates that climate change drives larger gains and losses than cropland incursion. For example, in the Amazonian rainforests, more than one sixth of the forest area could be lost due to climate change with cropland playing virtually no role. Our findings suggest that policies to protect specific ecosystems may be undercut by climate change and that localized analyses that fully account for the impacts of a changing climate on natural vegetation and agriculture are necessary to formulate policies that preserve natural ecosystems over the long term. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10584-023-03584-3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicola Cenacchi
- International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC USA
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29
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Nishizawa T, Kay S, Schuler J, Klein N, Conradt T, Mielewczik M, Herzog F, Aurbacher J, Zander P. Towards diverse agricultural land uses: socio-ecological implications of European agricultural pathways for a Swiss orchard region. REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE 2023; 23:97. [PMID: 37489177 PMCID: PMC10363045 DOI: 10.1007/s10113-023-02092-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Diverse agricultural land uses are a typical feature of multifunctional landscapes. The uncertain change in the drivers of global land use, such as climate, market and policy technology and demography, challenges the long-term management of agricultural diversification. As these global drivers also affect smaller scales, it is important to capture the traits of regionally specific farm activities to facilitate adaptation to change. By downscaling European shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) for agricultural and food systems, combined with representative concentration pathways (RCP) to regionally specific, alternative socioeconomic and climate scenarios, the present study explores the major impacts of the drivers of global land use on regional agriculture by simulating farm-level decisions and identifies the socio-ecological implications for promoting diverse agricultural landscapes in 2050. A hilly orchard region in northern Switzerland was chosen as a case study to represent the multifunctional nature of Swiss agriculture. Results show that the different regionalised pathways lead to contrasting impacts on orchard meadows, production levels and biodiversity. Increased financial support for ecological measures, adequate farm labour supplies for more labour-intensive farming and consumer preferences that favour local farm produce can offset the negative impacts of climate change and commodity prices and contribute to agricultural diversification and farmland biodiversity. However, these conditions also caused a significant decline in farm production levels. This study suggests that considering a broader set of land use drivers beyond direct payments, while acknowledging potential trade-offs and diverse impacts across different farm types, is required to effectively manage and sustain diversified agricultural landscapes in the long run. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10113-023-02092-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Nishizawa
- Farm Economics and Ecosystem Services, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) e.V., Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Sonja Kay
- Agricultural Landscapes and Biodiversity, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Schuler
- Farm Economics and Ecosystem Services, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) e.V., Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Noëlle Klein
- Agricultural Landscapes and Biodiversity, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland
- Planning of Landscape and Urban Systems (PLUS), ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Conradt
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michael Mielewczik
- Department of Sustainability Assessment and Agricultural Management, Socioeconomics, Agroscope, Ettenhausen, Switzerland
| | - Felix Herzog
- Agricultural Landscapes and Biodiversity, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Aurbacher
- Institute of Farm and Agribusiness Management, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter Zander
- Farm Economics and Ecosystem Services, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) e.V., Müncheberg, Germany
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30
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Saager ES, Iwamura T, Jucker T, Murray KA. Deforestation for oil palm increases microclimate suitability for the development of the disease vector Aedes albopictus. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9514. [PMID: 37308504 PMCID: PMC10260943 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35452-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A major trade-off of land-use change is the potential for increased risk of infectious diseases, a.o. through impacting disease vector life-cycles. Evaluating the public health implications of land-use conversions requires spatially detailed modelling linking land-use to vector ecology. Here, we estimate the impact of deforestation for oil palm cultivation on the number of life-cycle completions of Aedes albopictus via its impact on local microclimates. We apply a recently developed mechanistic phenology model to a fine-scaled (50-m resolution) microclimate dataset that includes daily temperature, rainfall and evaporation. Results of this combined model indicate that the conversion from lowland rainforest to plantations increases suitability for A. albopictus development by 10.8%, moderated to 4.7% with oil palm growth to maturity. Deforestation followed by typical plantation planting-maturation-clearance-replanting cycles is predicted to create pulses of high development suitability. Our results highlight the need to explore sustainable land-use scenarios that resolve conflicts between agricultural and human health objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Saager
- Centre for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - T Iwamura
- Department F.-A. Forel for Aquatic and Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Jucker
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - K A Murray
- MRC Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College London, London, UK
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31
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Aguilera A, Almanza V, Haakonsson S, Palacio H, Benitez Rodas GA, Barros MUG, Capelo-Neto J, Urrutia R, Aubriot L, Bonilla S. Cyanobacterial bloom monitoring and assessment in Latin America. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 125:102429. [PMID: 37220982 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms have serious adverse effects on human and environmental health. In Latin America, one of the main world's freshwater reserves, information on this phenomenon remains sparse. To assess the current situation, we gathered reports of cyanobacterial blooms and associated cyanotoxins in freshwater bodies from South America and the Caribbean (Latitude 22° N to 45° S) and compiled the regulation and monitoring procedures implemented in each country. As the operational definition of what is a cyanobacterial bloom remains controversial, we also analyzed the criteria used to determine the phenomena in the region. From 2000 to 2019, blooms were reported in 295 water bodies distributed in 14 countries, including shallow and deep lakes, reservoirs, and rivers. Cyanotoxins were found in nine countries and high concentrations of microcystins were reported in all types of water bodies. Blooms were defined according to different, and sometimes arbitrary criteria including qualitative (changes in water color, scum presence), quantitative (abundance), or both. We found 13 different cell abundance thresholds defining bloom events, from 2 × 103 to 1 × 107 cells mL-1. The use of different criteria hampers the estimation of bloom occurrence, and consequently the associated risks and economic impacts. The large differences between countries in terms of number of studies, monitoring efforts, public access to the data and regulations regarding cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins highlights the need to rethink cyanobacterial bloom monitoring, seeking common criteria. General policies leading to solid frameworks based on defined criteria are needed to improve the assessment of cyanobacterial blooms in Latin America. This review represents a starting point toward common approaches for cyanobacterial monitoring and risk assessment, needed to improve regional environmental policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabella Aguilera
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.
| | - Viviana Almanza
- University of Concepcion, EULA Center, CRHIAM Center (ANID/FONDAP/15130015), Concepcion, Chile
| | - Signe Haakonsson
- Phytoplankton physiology and ecology group. Limnology Division, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | | | - Gilberto A Benitez Rodas
- Laboratorio de Hidrobiología. Centro Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Mário U G Barros
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil; Water Resources Management Company of Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Capelo-Neto
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil
| | - Roberto Urrutia
- University of Concepcion, EULA Center, CRHIAM Center (ANID/FONDAP/15130015), Concepcion, Chile
| | - Luis Aubriot
- Phytoplankton physiology and ecology group. Limnology Division, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Sylvia Bonilla
- Phytoplankton physiology and ecology group. Limnology Division, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
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Chen B, Ma J, Yang C, Xiao X, Kou W, Wu Z, Yun T, Zaw ZN, Nawan P, Sengprakhon R, Zhou J, Wang J, Sun R, Zhang X, Xie G, Lan G. Diversified land conversion deepens understanding of impacts of rapid rubber plantation expansion on plant diversity in the tropics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162505. [PMID: 36863580 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the status and changes of plant diversity in rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plantations is essential for sustainable plantation management in the context of rapid rubber expansion in the tropics, but remains very limited at the continental scale. In this study, we investigated plant diversity from 10-meter quadrats in 240 different rubber plantations in the six countries of the Great Mekong Subregion (GMS)-where nearly half of the world's rubber plantations are located-and analyzed the influence of original land cover types and stand age on plant diversity using Landsat and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery since the late 1980s. The results indicate that the average plant species richness of rubber plantations is 28.69 ± 7.35 (1061 species in total, of which 11.22 % are invasive), approximating half the species richness of tropical forests but roughly double that of the intensively managed croplands. Time-series satellite imagery analysis revealed that rubber plantations were primarily established in place of cropland (RPC, 37.72 %), old rubber plantations (RPORP, 27.63 %), and tropical forests (RPTF, 24.12 %). Plant species richness in RPTF (34.02 ± 7.62) was significantly (p < 0.001) higher than that in RPORP (26.41 ± 7.02) and RPC (26.34 ± 5.37). More importantly, species richness can be maintained for the duration of the 30-year economic cycle, and the number of invasive species decreases as the stand ages. Given diverse land conversions and changes in stand age, the total loss of species richness due to rapid rubber expansion in the GMS was 7.29 %, which is far below the traditional estimates that only consider tropical forest conversion. In general, maintaining higher species richness at the earliest stages of cultivation has significant implications for biodiversity conservation in rubber plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangqian Chen
- Rubber Research Institute (RRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Hainan Danzhou Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of biodiversity Science, Fudan University, No. 2005, Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chuan Yang
- Rubber Research Institute (RRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Hainan Danzhou Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Xiangming Xiao
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Center for Earth Observation and Modeling, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Weili Kou
- College of Big Data and Intelligent Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China
| | - Zhixiang Wu
- Rubber Research Institute (RRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Hainan Danzhou Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Ting Yun
- School of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zar Ni Zaw
- Myanmar Rubber Planters and Producers Association, Yangon 11131, Myanmar; Agricultural Innovation and Management Division, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Piyada Nawan
- Songkhla Rubber Research Center, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Ratchada Sengprakhon
- Rubber Research Institute of Thailand/Rubber Authority of Thailand, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Jiannan Zhou
- Rubber Research Institute (RRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Hainan Danzhou Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jikun Wang
- Rubber Research Institute (RRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Hainan Danzhou Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Rubber Research Institute (RRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Hainan Danzhou Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Xicai Zhang
- Rubber Research Institute (RRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Hainan Danzhou Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Guishui Xie
- Rubber Research Institute (RRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Hainan Danzhou Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Guoyu Lan
- Rubber Research Institute (RRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Hainan Danzhou Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou 571101, China.
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Stehle S, Ovcharova V, Wolfram J, Bub S, Herrmann LZ, Petschick LL, Schulz R. Neonicotinoid insecticides in global agricultural surface waters - Exposure, risks and regulatory challenges. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 867:161383. [PMID: 36621497 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are the most widely used insecticides worldwide. However, the widespread usage of neonicotinoids has sparked concerns over their effects on non-target ecosystems including surface waters. We present here a comprehensive meta-analysis of 173 peer-reviewed studies (1998-2022) reporting measured insecticide concentrations (MICs; n = 3983) for neonicotinoids in global surface waters resulting from agricultural nonpoint source pollution. We used compound-specific regulatory threshold levels for water (RTLSW) and sediment (RTLSED) defined for pesticide authorization in Canada, the EU and the US, and multispecies endpoints (MSESW) to assess acute and chronic risks of global neonicotinoid water-phase (MICSW; n = 3790) and sediment (MICSED; n = 193) concentrations. Results show a complete lack of exposure information for surface waters in >90 % of agricultural areas globally. However, available data indicates for MICSW overall acute risks to be low (6.7 % RTLSW_acute exceedances), but chronic risks to be of concern (20.7 % RTLSW_chronic exceedances); exceedance frequencies were particularly high for chronic MSESW (63.3 %). We found RTLSW exceedances to be highest for imidacloprid and in less regulated countries. Linear model analysis revealed risks for global agricultural surface waters to decrease significantly over time, potentially biased by the lack of sensitive analytical methods in early years of neonicotinoid monitoring. The Canadian, EU and US RTLSW differ considerably (up to factors of 223 for RTLSW_acute and 13,889 for RTLSW_chronic) for individual neonicotinoids, indicating large uncertainties and regulatory challenges in defining robust and protective RTLs. We conclude that protective threshold levels, in concert with increasing monitoring efforts targeting agricultural surface waters worldwide, are essential to further assess the ecological consequences from anticipated increases of agricultural neonicotinoid uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Stehle
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany.
| | - Viktoriia Ovcharova
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Jakob Wolfram
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Sascha Bub
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Larissa Zoë Herrmann
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Lara Luisa Petschick
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Ralf Schulz
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany; Eusserthal Ecosystem Research Station, University Koblenz-Landau, 76857 Eusserthal, Germany
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34
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Suárez-Tangil BD, Rodríguez A. Environmental filtering drives the assembly of mammal communities in a heterogeneous Mediterranean region. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 33:e2801. [PMID: 36546604 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural expansion and intensification are major drivers of global change. Quantifying the importance of different processes governing the assembly of local communities in agroecosystems is essential to guide the conservation effort allocated to enhancing habitat connectivity, improving habitat quality or managing species interactions. We used multiple detection methods to record the occurrence of medium-sized and large-sized mammals in three managed landscapes of a heterogeneous Mediterranean region. Then we used a joint species distribution model to evaluate the relative influence of dispersal limitation, environmental filtering, and interspecific interactions on the local assembly of mammal communities in 4-km2 plots. The partitioning of the explained variation in species occurrence was attributed on average 99% to environmental filters and 1% to dispersal filters. No role was attributed to biotic filters, in agreement with the scarce support for strong competition or other negative interactions found after a literature review. Four principal environmental factors explained on average 63% of variance in species occurrence and operated mainly at the landscape scale. The amount of shrub cover in the neighboring landscape was the most influential factor favoring mammal occurrence and accounted for nearly one-third of the total variance. The proportion of intensively managed croplands and proxies of human activity within landscape samples limited mammal presence. At the microhabitat scale (~80 m2 plots) the mean percentage area deprived of woody vegetation also had a negative effect. Functional traits such as body mass or social behavior accounted for a substantial fraction of the variation attributed to environmental factors. We concluded that multiscale environmental filtering governed local community assembly, whereas the role of dispersal limitation and interspecific interactions was negligible. Our results suggest that further removal of shrubland, the expansion of intensive agriculture, and the increase of human activity are expected to result in species losses. The fact that community integrity responds to a single type of ecological process simplifies practical recommendations. Management strategies should focus on the conservation and restoration of shrubland, adopting alternatives to intensive schemes of agricultural production, and minimizing recreational and other human activities in remnant natural habitats within agroecosystems or mosaic landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno D Suárez-Tangil
- Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alejandro Rodríguez
- Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
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Dauphin B, Rellstab C, Wüest RO, Karger DN, Holderegger R, Gugerli F, Manel S. Re-thinking the environment in landscape genomics. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:261-274. [PMID: 36402651 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Detecting the extrinsic selective pressures shaping genomic variation is critical for a better understanding of adaptation and for forecasting evolutionary responses of natural populations to changing environmental conditions. With increasing availability of geo-referenced environmental data, landscape genomics provides unprecedented insights into how genomic variation and underlying gene functions affect traits potentially under selection. Yet, the robustness of genotype-environment associations used in landscape genomics remains tempered due to various limitations, including the characteristics of environmental data used, sampling designs employed, and statistical frameworks applied. Here, we argue that using complementary or new environmental data sources and well-informed sampling designs may help improve the detection of selective pressures underlying patterns of local adaptation in various organisms and environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Dauphin
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
| | | | - Rafael O Wüest
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Dirk N Karger
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Holderegger
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), ETH, Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Gugerli
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Manel
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; CEFE, University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE-PSL University, IRD, 34000 Montpellier, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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36
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Priyadarshana TS, Lee MB, Slade EM, Goodale E. Local scale crop compositional heterogeneity suppresses the abundance of a major lepidopteran pest of cruciferous vegetables. Basic Appl Ecol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
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37
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Mohasin P, Chakraborty P, Anand N, Ray S. Risk assessment of persistent pesticide pollution: Development of an indicator integrating site-specific characteristics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160555. [PMID: 36460110 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Detection of high pesticide concentrations in sediments and water often leads to prioritizing a site as being 'at risk'. However, the risk does not depend on pesticide concentration alone, but on other site-specific characteristics also. We developed an indicator that identifies the 'Level of Concern' by integrating five such characteristics: (i) pesticide concentrations in surface and groundwater causing risks to ecological health (ii) impacts on human health, (iii) water scarcity, (iv) agricultural production, and (v) biodiversity richness. We applied this framework in an agricultural region of the Lower Ganges Basin in West Bengal, India. We measured concentrations of selected organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in surface and groundwater within an 8 km2 area in 2019. Of 20 banned and restricted OCPs, 11 were detected as causing high risk to ecological health and 10 at concentrations above the Accepted Carcinogenic Risk Limit (ACRL) for humans. In the pre-monsoon, the mean concentrations of ΣOCPs in groundwater and surface water were 126.9 ng/L and 104 ng/L, in the monsoon they were 144.7 ng/L and 138 ng/L, and in the post-monsoon 122.1 ng/L and 147 ng/L respectively. In groundwater, no significant seasonal difference was observed in most pesticides. In the surface water, 7 pesticides were significantly higher in the monsoon and post-monsoon, which may be attributed to increased runoff as well as post monsoon application of OCPs. In September 2022 we again measured OCP concentrations in surface water and sediment. The mean concentration of 14 of the 20 measured OCPs were found to be significantly lower in the post-pandemic period compared to the pre-pandemic time. These lower pesticide concentrations may indicate a reduced use of OCPs in agricultural practices during the pandemic. This area was identified as being at the highest Level of Concern, even though the OCP concentrations alone conformed to general guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piya Mohasin
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741246, India.
| | - Paromita Chakraborty
- Environmental Science and Technology Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu 603203, India.
| | - Niharika Anand
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Sujata Ray
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741246, India.
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38
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Li H, Song W. Spatial transformation of changes in global cultivated land. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160194. [PMID: 36395830 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The spatial transformation of cultivated land is an important element in the study of land use transformation. Analyzing the characteristics and direction of the global spatial transformation of cultivated land is of great significance in clarifying the spatial extent and quality of global cultivated land and ensuring global food security. In this context, this paper uses the global spatial data of cultivated land from 1992 to 2015 to analyze the characteristics of global cultivated land spatial transformation from the perspectives of cultivated land quantity, cultivated land landscape pattern, and cultivated land management pattern, applying the Mann-Kendall trend tests, trend analysis, landscape pattern index measures, and global rural per capita cultivated indicators. The global cultivated land area increased, followed by a decrease, during the study period; there were three distinct phases of change, with the years 1995 and 2005 as turning points. During the first phase, the global cultivated land area increased at an average annual rate of 0.19 %, in the second phase, the increase rate was 0.30 %, and in the third phase, the increase rate was -0.003 %. Based on the trend of cultivated land change during the study period, the areas with a dramatic change in cultivated land area were classified into six typical hotspot areas, involving the increase and decrease of area change in 10 different countries. The two countries with the largest increases in cultivated land area are Sweden and Brazil (24.82 % and 24.43 %, respectively), whereas Ukraine's cultivated land area decreased throughout the study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; School of Land and Tourism, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Wei Song
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Xue Z, Peng T, Liu B, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Wyckhuys KAG, Wang P, Lu Y. Licorice strips enhance predator-mediated biological control in China's cotton crop. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:781-791. [PMID: 36259379 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Habitat management such as field- or farm-level diversification can conserve arthropod natural enemies, enhance biological pest control and lower (or suspend) insecticide use in agricultural crops. These approaches however have been underexploited to manage the aphid Aphis gossypii in cotton cropping systems of Xinjiang, China. In this study, we investigated whether the presence of licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) at the field edge benefits generalist predator abundance and aphid biological control in local cotton crops. RESULTS Field trials during 2020 and 2021 showed that licorice strips enhanced the in-field abundance of generalist predators (primarily ladybeetles) 2.2-4.3 fold during early season, i.e. initial growth before A. gossypii peak infestation pressure. During peak outbreak conditions in July, treatment fields with licorice strips experienced a respective 17.5-61.2% lowered aphid density and 12.3-14.6-fold higher predator-to-aphid abundance ratio (PAR) than control fields. In late season (aphid decline phase) of either year, cotton fields with licorice strips also attained a respective 4.7-9.9 fold higher PAR. Exclusion cage assays quantitatively assessed predator-mediated A. gossypii biological control and the relative contribution of licorice strips. The biocontrol services index (BSI) was 2.8 times (2020) and 1.4 times (2021) higher at 5 m distances from the licorice strip as compared to control fields. CONCLUSION Licorice strips in the immediate vicinity of cotton fields benefit generalist arthropod predators and improve aphid biological control throughout the cotton cropping season. These findings help to integrate habitat management within integrated pest management (IPM) frameworks in the biggest cotton production region of China. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxuan Xue
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Tianxiang Peng
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yangtian Liu
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Zhijian Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Kris A G Wyckhuys
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peiling Wang
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yanhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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40
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Yan Z, Tan M. Changes in light pollution in the Pan-Third Pole's protected areas from 1992 to 2021. ECOL INFORM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2023.102016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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41
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Chen H, Tan Y, Xiao W, Xu S, Meng F, He T, Li X, Wang K, Wu S. Risk assessment and validation of farmland abandonment based on time series change detection. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:2685-2702. [PMID: 35931854 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22361-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Farmland abandonment, a widespread phenomenon during land-use transition, leads to a cycling or vanishing evolution of farmland resources. As urbanization advances, an increasing number of agricultural laborers migrate from rural to urban areas, causing ongoing farmland abandonment. However, in contrast to the abandoned information extraction and driving mechanisms revelation, the potential risk of farmland abandonment has received insufficient attention. This study took Yangtze River Economic Belt of China as study area, selected multiple aspects to construct a risk assessment system for farmland abandonment, and applied time series change detection to verify the results. The results showed that (1) farmland abandonment risk, with a regional average value of 0.0978, has strong spatial heterogeneity, with high values clustering in Yunnan-Guizhou and Sichuan-Chongqing mountainous areas and low values distributed in the midstream and downstream plains and the Sichuan Basin. (2) The proportion of farmland area gradually decreased as the risk grade increased. Farmland, with low abandonment risk, occupied an area of 204,837 km2, constituting the highest percentage of 35.18% among the overall farmland, and was mainly distributed in the provinces of Jiangsu and Anhui. The area of farmland with high risk was 16,458 km2, only accounting for 2.83%, the majority of which was clustered in Sichuan and Yunnan provinces. (3) The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series change detection validated the reliability of the risk assessment system. Samples of farmland having low abandonment risk indeed had the lowest abandonment rate of 10%, and those which indicated high risk had the highest abandonment rate of 32%. We propose differentiated managements for farmland resources with high and low abandonment risk from the perspective of sustainable use. This study provides a more reasonable and scientific system for farmland abandonment risk assessment and helps to fill the research gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Chen
- Department of Land Management, School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhong Tan
- Department of Land Management, School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wu Xiao
- Department of Land Management, School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Suchen Xu
- Department of Land Management, School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Meng
- Department of Land Management, School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting He
- Department of Land Management, School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhui Li
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Mine Ecological Restoration, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
- School of Public Policy & Management of Emergency Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Kechao Wang
- Department of Land Management, School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Wu
- Department of Land Management, School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
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Zhao J, Lu W, Huang S, Le Maho Y, Habold C, Zhang Z. Impacts of Dietary Protein and Niacin Deficiency on Reproduction Performance, Body Growth, and Gut Microbiota of Female Hamsters (Tscherskia triton) and Their Offspring. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0015722. [PMID: 36318010 PMCID: PMC9784777 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00157-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Food resources are vital for animals to survive, and gut microbiota play an essential role in transferring nutritional materials into functional metabolites for hosts. Although the fact that diet affects host microbiota is well known, its impacts on offspring remain unclear. In this study, we assessed the effects of low-protein and niacin-deficient diets on reproduction performance, body growth, and gut microbiota of greater long-tailed hamsters (Tscherskia triton) under laboratory conditions. We found that maternal low-protein diet (not niacin deficiency) had a significant negative effect on reproduction performance of female hamsters (longer mating latency with males and smaller litter size) and body growth (lower body weight) of both female hamsters and their offspring. Both protein- and niacin-deficient diets showed significant maternal effects on the microbial community in the offspring. A maternal low-protein diet (not niacin deficiency) significantly reduced the abundance of major bacterial taxa producing short-chain fatty acids, increased the abundance of probiotic taxa, and altered microbial function in the offspring. The negative effects of maternal nutritional deficiency on gut microbiota are more pronounced in the protein group than the niacin group and in offspring more than in female hamsters. Our results suggest that a low-protein diet could alter gut microbiota in animals, which may result in negative impacts on their fitness. It is necessary to conduct further analysis to reveal the roles of nutrition, as well as its interaction with gut microbes, in affecting fitness of greater long-tailed hamsters under field conditions. IMPORTANCE Gut microbes are known to be essential for hosts to digest food and absorb nutrients. Currently, it is still unclear how maternal nutrient deficiency affects the fitness of animals by its effect on gut microbes. Here, we evaluated the effects of protein- and niacin-deficient diets on mating behavior, reproduction, body growth, and gut microbiota of both mothers and offspring of the greater long-tailed hamster (Tscherskia triton) under laboratory conditions. We found that a low-protein diet significantly reduced maternal reproduction performance and body growth of both mothers and their offspring. Both protein and niacin deficiencies showed significant maternal effects on the microbial community of the offspring. Our results hint that nutritional deficiency may be a potential factor in causing the observed sustained population decline of the greater long-tailed hamsters due to intensified monoculture in the North China Plain, and this needs further field investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Security, Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Xi'an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuli Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yvon Le Maho
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC, UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
- Scientific Centre of Monaco, Monaco Principality, Monaco
| | - Caroline Habold
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC, UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Preliminary Insights on the Spatial Ecology, Population Demography, and Sexual Dimorphism of the Critically Endangered Sulawesi Forest Turtle (Leucocephalon yuwonoi). J HERPETOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1670/20-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Smith NW, Fletcher AJ, Millard P, Hill JP, McNabb WC. Estimating cropland requirements for global food system scenario modeling. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.1063419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe production of plant crops is foundational to the global food system. With the need for this system to become more sustainable while feeding an increasing global population, tools to investigate future food system scenarios can be useful to aid decision making, but are often limited to a calorie- or protein-centric view of human nutrition.MethodsHere, a mathematical model for forecasting the future cropland requirement to produce a given quantity of crop mass is presented in conjunction with the DELTA Model®: an existing food system scenario model calculating global availability of 29 nutrients against human requirements. The model uses national crop yield data to assign yield metrics for 137 crops.ResultsThe crops with the greatest variation between high and low yielding production were specific nuts, fruits, and vegetables of minor significance to global nutrient availability. The nut crop group showed the greatest overall yield variation between countries, and thus the greatest uncertainty when forecasting the cropland requirement for future increases in production. Sugar crops showed the least overall yield variation. The greatest potential for increasing global food production by improving poor yielding production was found for the most widely grown crops: maize, wheat, and rice, which were also demonstrated to be of high nutritional significance.DiscussionThe combined cropland and nutrient availability model allowed the contribution of plant production to global nutrition to be quantified, and the cropland requirement of future food production scenarios to be estimated. The unified cropland estimation and nutrient availability model presented here is an intuitive and broadly applicable tool for use in global food system scenario modeling. It should benefit future research and policy making by demonstrating the implications for human nutrition of changes to crop production, and conversely the implications for cropland requirement of food production scenarios aimed at improving nutrition.
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Kreiner JM, Latorre SM, Burbano HA, Stinchcombe JR, Otto SP, Weigel D, Wright SI. Rapid weed adaptation and range expansion in response to agriculture over the past two centuries. Science 2022; 378:1079-1085. [PMID: 36480621 DOI: 10.1126/science.abo7293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
North America has experienced a massive increase in cropland use since 1800, accompanied more recently by the intensification of agricultural practices. Through genome analysis of present-day and historical samples spanning environments over the past two centuries, we studied the effect of these changes in farming on the extent and tempo of evolution across the native range of the common waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus), a now pervasive agricultural weed. Modern agriculture has imposed strengths of selection rarely observed in the wild, with notable shifts in allele frequency trajectories since agricultural intensification in the 1960s. An evolutionary response to this extreme selection was facilitated by a concurrent human-mediated range shift. By reshaping genome-wide diversity across the landscape, agriculture has driven the success of this weed in the 21st century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Kreiner
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sergio M Latorre
- Centre for Life's Origins and Evolution, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hernán A Burbano
- Centre for Life's Origins and Evolution, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - John R Stinchcombe
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah P Otto
- Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Detlef Weigel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephen I Wright
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Predicting suitable habitats of Melia azedarach L. in China using data mining. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12617. [PMID: 35871227 PMCID: PMC9308798 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16571-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractMelia azedarach L. is an important economic tree widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of China and some other countries. However, it is unclear how the species’ suitable habitat will respond to future climate changes. We aimed to select the most accurate one among seven data mining models to predict the current and future suitable habitats for M. azedarach in China. These models include: maximum entropy (MaxEnt), support vector machine (SVM), generalized linear model (GLM), random forest (RF), naive bayesian model (NBM), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and gradient boosting machine (GBM). A total of 906 M. azedarach locations were identified, and sixteen climate predictors were used for model building. The models’ validity was assessed using three measures (Area Under the Curves (AUC), kappa, and overall accuracy (OA)). We found that the RF provided the most outstanding performance in prediction power and generalization capacity. The top climate factors affecting the species’ suitable habitats were mean coldest month temperature (MCMT), followed by the number of frost-free days (NFFD), degree-days above 18 °C (DD > 18), temperature difference between MWMT and MCMT, or continentality (TD), mean annual precipitation (MAP), and degree-days below 18 °C (DD < 18). We projected that future suitable habitat of this species would increase under both the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios for the 2011–2040 (2020s), 2041–2070 (2050s), and 2071–2100 (2080s). Our findings are expected to assist in better understanding the impact of climate change on the species and provide scientific basis for its planting and conservation.
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Burton VJ, Contu S, De Palma A, Hill SLL, Albrecht H, Bone JS, Carpenter D, Corstanje R, De Smedt P, Farrell M, Ford HV, Hudson LN, Inward K, Jones DT, Kosewska A, Lo-Man-Hung NF, Magura T, Mulder C, Murvanidze M, Newbold T, Smith J, Suarez AV, Suryometaram S, Tóthmérész B, Uehara-Prado M, Vanbergen AJ, Verheyen K, Wuyts K, Scharlemann JPW, Eggleton P, Purvis A. Land use and soil characteristics affect soil organisms differently from above-ground assemblages. BMC Ecol Evol 2022; 22:135. [PMID: 36397002 PMCID: PMC9673366 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-022-02089-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Land-use is a major driver of changes in biodiversity worldwide, but studies have overwhelmingly focused on above-ground taxa: the effects on soil biodiversity are less well known, despite the importance of soil organisms in ecosystem functioning. We modelled data from a global biodiversity database to compare how the abundance of soil-dwelling and above-ground organisms responded to land use and soil properties. Results We found that land use affects overall abundance differently in soil and above-ground assemblages. The abundance of soil organisms was markedly lower in cropland and plantation habitats than in primary vegetation and pasture. Soil properties influenced the abundance of soil biota in ways that differed among land uses, suggesting they shape both abundance and its response to land use. Conclusions Our results caution against assuming models or indicators derived from above-ground data can apply to soil assemblages and highlight the potential value of incorporating soil properties into biodiversity models. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12862-022-02089-4.
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Hudzenko VM, Buniak NM, Tsentylo LV, Demydov OA, Fedorenko IV, Fedorenko MV, Ishchenko VA, Kozelets HM, Khudolii LV, Lashuk SO, Syplyva NO. Evaluation of grain yield performance and its stability in various spring barley accessions under condition of different agroclimatic zones of Ukraine. BIOSYSTEMS DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.15421/012240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Two extremely urgent problems of biological and agronomic research nowadays are ensuring an optimal balance between usage of natural resources to meet rapidly growing needs for food production and preservation of biodiversity. It is also important to extend the genetic diversity of the main crop varieties in agroecosystems. At the same time, modern varieties should be characterized by a combination of high yield and preserving yield stability under variable conditions. Solving the outlined tasks requires comprehensive research and involvement in breeding process of the genetical diversity concentrated in genebanks of the world. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the most important crops that satisfy the various needs of humanity. In respect to this, in 2020–2022, a multi-environment trial was conducted in three agroclimatic zones of Ukraine (Forest-Steppe, Polissia, and Northern Steppe). We studied 44 spring barley collection accessions of different ecological and geographical origin, different subspecies and groups of botanical varieties which were obtained from the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine. Statistical indices (Hom, Sc) and graphical models (GGE biplot, AMMI) were used to interpret the yield performance and its stability. Both individual ecological sites in different years and combinations of different sites and years of trials were characterized for productivity, discriminating power and representativeness. The environments differed quite strongly among themselves in terms of these indicators. It was established that most of the genotypes were characterized by higher adaptability to individual environmental conditions (stability in different years), compared to adaptability for all agroclimatic zones (wide adaptation). A strong cross-over genotype by environment interaction was found for most studied accessions. Nevertheless, both genotypes with very high stability in only one agroclimatic zone (Amil (UKR), Gateway (CAN)) and genotypes with a combination of high adaptability to one or two ecological niches and relatively higher wide adaptability (Stymul (UKR), Ly-1064 (UKR), Rannij (KAZ), Shedevr (UKR), and Arthur (CZE)) were identified. There were also the accessions which did not show maximum performance in the individual sites, but had relatively higher wide adaptability (Ly-1059 (UKR), Ly-1120 (UKR), Diantus (UKR), and Danielle (CZE)). In general, the naked barley genotypes were inferior to the covered ones in terms of yield potential and wide adaptability, but at the same time, some of them (CDC ExPlus (CAN), CDC Gainer (CAN), and Roseland (CAN)), accordingly to the statistical indicators, had increased stability in certain ecological sites. Among naked barley accessions relatively better wide adaptability according to the graphical analysis was found in the accession CDC McGwire (CAN), and by the statistical parameters CDC ExPlus (CAN) was better than standard. The peculiarities of yield manifestation and its variability in different spring barley genotypes in the multi-environment trial revealed in this study will contribute to the complementation and deepening of existing data in terms of the genotype by environment interaction. Our results can be used in further studies for developing spring barley variety models both with specific and wide adaptation under conditions of different agroclimatic zones of Ukraine. The disitnguished accessions of different origin and botanical affiliation are recommended for creating a new breeding material with the aim of simultaneously increasing yield potential and stability, as well as widening the genetic basis of spring barley varieties.
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Blanco G, Romero‐Vidal P, Tella JL, Hiraldo F. Novel food resources and conservation of ecological interactions between the Andean Araucaria and the Austral parakeet. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9455. [PMID: 36311393 PMCID: PMC9608793 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In fragile ecosystems, the introduction of exotic species could alter some ecological processes. The Austral parakeet (Enicognathus ferrugineous) shows close ecological and evolutionary relationships with the Andean Araucaria (Araucaria araucana), so any alteration in these interactions may have negative consequences for both partners and for ecosystem functioning and structure. We conducted extensive roadside surveys to estimate the abundance of parakeets in the northern Patagonian Andes over 4 years and recorded the food plants consumed by foraging flocks. The use of native habitats and humanized areas like villages and farms was influenced by the Araucaria seed crop. In masting years, the large seed crop allowed a massive use of this resource during the non-breeding season, and even during the breeding season. The exploitation of exotic plants was minor in the masting year, but became predominant in non-masting years, especially during the non-breeding season. This feeding switch towards exotic plants primarily arose because the low Araucaria seed crop in non-masting years is entirely consumed just after production by domestic and wild exotic mammals living in Araucaria forests year-round, thus forcing the displacement of parakeets towards anthropic habitats to exploit exotic plants. Given the degradation of the remaining Andean Araucaria forests due to the impact of exotic mammals on the ecological interaction between Araucaria and Austral parakeets, ambitious programs to exclude or reduce the density of these alien mammals, including livestock, are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Blanco
- Department of Evolutionary EcologyMuseo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Pedro Romero‐Vidal
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural SystemsUniversidad Pablo de OlavideSevillaSpain
| | - José L. Tella
- Department of Conservation BiologyEstación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC)SevillaSpain
| | - Fernando Hiraldo
- Department of Conservation BiologyEstación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC)SevillaSpain
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Yáñez-Serrano AM, Aguilos M, Barbosa C, Bolaño-Ortiz TR, Carbone S, Díaz-López S, Diez S, Dominutti P, Engelhardt V, Alves EG, Pedraza J, Saturno J, Tzompa-Sosa ZA. The Latin America Early Career Earth System Scientist Network (LAECESS): addressing present and future challenges of the upcoming generations of scientists in the region. NPJ CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE 2022; 5:79. [PMID: 36281291 PMCID: PMC9581757 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-022-00300-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Early career (EC) Earth system scientists in the Latin America and the Caribbean region (LAC) have been facing several issues, such as limited funding opportunities, substandard scientific facilities, lack of security of tenure, and unrepresented groups equality issues. On top of this, the worsening regional environmental and climatic crises call for the need for this new generation of scientists to help to tackle these crises by increasing public awareness and research. Realizing the need to converge and step up in making a collective action to be a part of the solution, the Latin America Early Career Earth System Scientist Network (LAECESS) was created in 2016. LAECESS's primary goals are to promote regional networking, foster integrated and interdisciplinary science, organize soft skills courses and workshops, and empower Latin American EC researchers. This article is an initial step towards letting the global science community grasp the current situation and hear the early career LAC science community's perspectives. The paper also presents a series of future steps needed for better scientific and social development in the LAC region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Yáñez-Serrano
- IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
- Global Ecology Unit, CREAF‐CSIC‐UAB, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maricar Aguilos
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | | | - Tomás Rafael Bolaño-Ortiz
- Centre for Environmental Technologies, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María (CETAM-USM), Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Samara Carbone
- Federal University of Uberlandia, Agrarian Sciences Institute, Santa Mônica, Uberlândia - MG Brasil
| | - Stephanie Díaz-López
- Centro de Ciencias Atmosféricas y Biogeoquímica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Sebastián Diez
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, University of York, Innovation Way, Heslington, York UK
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Còrdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Vanessa Engelhardt
- Centro de Ciencias Atmosféricas y Biogeoquímica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eliane Gomes Alves
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Department of Climate and Environment, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Jorge Saturno
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany
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