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Anstey NM, Tham WH, Shanks GD, Poespoprodjo JR, Russell BM, Kho S. The biology and pathogenesis of vivax malaria. Trends Parasitol 2024; 40:573-590. [PMID: 38749866 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2024.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax contributes significantly to global malaria morbidity. Key advances include the discovery of pathways facilitating invasion by P. vivax merozoites of nascent reticulocytes, crucial for vaccine development. Humanized mouse models and hepatocyte culture systems have enhanced understanding of hypnozoite biology. The spleen has emerged as a major reservoir for asexual vivax parasites, replicating in an endosplenic life cycle, and contributing to recurrent and chronic infections, systemic inflammation, and anemia. Splenic accumulation of uninfected red cells is the predominant cause of anemia. Recurring and chronic infections cause progressive anemia, malnutrition, and death in young children in high-transmission regions. Endothelial activation likely contributes to vivax-associated organ dysfunction. The many recent advances in vivax pathobiology should help guide new approaches to prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Anstey
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.
| | - Wai-Hong Tham
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - G Dennis Shanks
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jeanne R Poespoprodjo
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; Centre for Child Health and Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Timika Malaria Research Facility, Papuan Health and Community Development Foundation, Timika, Central Papua, Indonesia; Mimika District Hospital and District Health Authority, Timika, Central Papua, Indonesia
| | - Bruce M Russell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Steven Kho
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; Timika Malaria Research Facility, Papuan Health and Community Development Foundation, Timika, Central Papua, Indonesia
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2
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Vilardo B, De Marchi F, Raineri D, Manfredi M, De Giorgis V, Bebeti A, Scotti L, Kustrimovic N, Cappellano G, Mazzini L, Chiocchetti A. Shotgun Proteomics Links Proteoglycan-4 + Extracellular Vesicles to Cognitive Protection in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Biomolecules 2024; 14:727. [PMID: 38927130 PMCID: PMC11202157 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder lacking reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis and disease progression monitoring. This study aimed to identify the novel biomarkers in plasmatic extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from ALS patients and healthy controls (HCs). A total of 61 ALS patients and 30 age-matched HCs were enrolled in the study and the protein content of circulating EVs was analyzed by shotgun proteomics. The study was divided into a discovery phase (involving 12 ALS and 12 HC patients) and a validation one (involving 49 ALS and 20 HC patients). In the discovery phase, more than 300 proteins were identified, with 32 proteins showing differential regulation in ALS patients compared to HCs. In the validation phase, over 400 proteins were identified, with 20 demonstrating differential regulation in ALS patients compared to HCs. Notably, seven proteins were found to be common to both phases, all of which were significantly upregulated in EVs from ALS patients. Most of them have previously been linked to ALS since they have been detected in the serum or cerebrospinal fluid of ALS patients. Among them, proteoglycan (PRG)-4, also known as lubricin, was of particular interest since it was significantly increased in ALS patients with normal cognitive and motor functions. This study highlights the significance of EVs as a promising avenue for biomarker discovery in ALS. Moreover, it sheds light on the unexpected role of PRG-4 in relation to cognitive status in ALS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Vilardo
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (B.V.); (D.R.); (N.K.); (G.C.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.M.); (V.D.G.)
| | - Fabiola De Marchi
- Department of Neurology and ALS Center, University Hospital “Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (F.D.M.); (A.B.); (L.M.)
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Davide Raineri
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (B.V.); (D.R.); (N.K.); (G.C.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.M.); (V.D.G.)
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.M.); (V.D.G.)
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Veronica De Giorgis
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.M.); (V.D.G.)
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Alen Bebeti
- Department of Neurology and ALS Center, University Hospital “Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (F.D.M.); (A.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Lorenza Scotti
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Natasa Kustrimovic
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (B.V.); (D.R.); (N.K.); (G.C.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.M.); (V.D.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Cappellano
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (B.V.); (D.R.); (N.K.); (G.C.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.M.); (V.D.G.)
| | - Letizia Mazzini
- Department of Neurology and ALS Center, University Hospital “Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (F.D.M.); (A.B.); (L.M.)
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Annalisa Chiocchetti
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (B.V.); (D.R.); (N.K.); (G.C.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.M.); (V.D.G.)
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Prasetyorini N, Erwan NE, Sardjono TW, Nurseta T, Utomo RP, Nugraha RYB, Cahayani WA, Rukmigarsari E, Arinugraha LN, Fitri LE. HIF-1α regulated pathomechanism of low birth weight through angiogenesis factors in placental Plasmodium vivax infection. F1000Res 2024; 11:131. [PMID: 38884107 PMCID: PMC11179053 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.73820.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria in pregnancy leads to placental malaria. The primary pathogenesis of the complex fetal implications in placental malaria is tissue hypoxia due to sequestrations of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes in the placenta. However, the pathomechanism of placental Plasmodium vivax infection has not been thoroughly investigated. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a key transcriptional mediator of the response to hypoxic conditions, which interacts with the change and imbalances of many chemical mediators, including angiogenic factors, leading to fetal growth abnormality. Methods This study was conducted cross-sectionally in Maumere, Sikka Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province, previously known as one of the malaria endemic areas with a high incidence of low birth weight (LBW) cases. This study collected peripheral and umbilical blood samples and placental tissues from mothers who delivered their babies with LBW at the TC Hiller Regional Hospital. All of the blood samples were examined for parasites by microscopic and PCR techniques, while the plasma levels of VEGF, PlGF, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, and HIF-1α were determined using ELISA. The sequestration of infected erythrocytes and hemozoin was determined from placental histological slides, and the expression of placenta angiogenic factors was observed using the immunofluorescent technique. Results In this study, 33 cases had complete data to be analyzed. Of them, 19 samples were diagnosed as vivax malaria and none of falciparum malaria. There were significant differences in Δ 10th percentile growth curve of baby's body weights and also all angiogenic factors in placental tissues {VEGF, PlGF, and VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, and HIF-1α} between those infected and not infected cases (p<0.05), but not for VEGF and VEGFR-2 in the plasma. Conclusion This study indicated that Plasmodium vivax sequestration may promote LBW through alterations and imbalances in angiogenic factors led by HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nugrahanti Prasetyorini
- Doctoral Program in Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
- Malaria Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya/dr Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Nabila Erina Erwan
- Malaria Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
- Master Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Teguh Wahju Sardjono
- Malaria Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Tatit Nurseta
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya/dr Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Rudi Priyo Utomo
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, dr T.C. Hillers Regional Hospital, Maumere, Sikka Regency, NTT, Indonesia
| | - Rivo Yudhinata Brian Nugraha
- Malaria Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Wike Astrid Cahayani
- Malaria Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Ettie Rukmigarsari
- Mathematics Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Islam Malang, Malang, Indonesia
| | | | - Loeki Enggar Fitri
- Malaria Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
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Kong WZ, Zhang HY, Sun YF, Song J, Jiang J, Cui HY, Zhang Y, Han S, Cheng Y. Plasmodium vivax tryptophan-rich antigen reduces type I collagen secretion via the NF-κBp65 pathway in splenic fibroblasts. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:239. [PMID: 38802961 PMCID: PMC11131192 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06264-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spleen plays a critical role in the immune response against malaria parasite infection, where splenic fibroblasts (SFs) are abundantly present and contribute to immune function by secreting type I collagen (collagen I). The protein family is characterized by Plasmodium vivax tryptophan-rich antigens (PvTRAgs), comprising 40 members. PvTRAg23 has been reported to bind to human SFs (HSFs) and affect collagen I levels. Given the role of type I collagen in splenic immune function, it is important to investigate the functions of the other members within the PvTRAg protein family. METHODS Protein structural prediction was conducted utilizing bioinformatics analysis tools and software. A total of 23 PvTRAgs were successfully expressed and purified using an Escherichia coli prokaryotic expression system, and the purified proteins were used for co-culture with HSFs. The collagen I levels and collagen-related signaling pathway protein levels were detected by immunoblotting, and the relative expression levels of inflammatory factors were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS In silico analysis showed that P. vivax has 40 genes encoding the TRAg family. The C-terminal region of all PvTRAgs is characterized by the presence of a domain rich in tryptophan residues. A total of 23 recombinant PvTRAgs were successfully expressed and purified. Only five PvTRAgs (PvTRAg5, PvTRAg16, PvTRAg23, PvTRAg30, and PvTRAg32) mediated the activation of the NF-κBp65 signaling pathway, which resulted in the production of inflammatory molecules and ultimately a significant reduction in collagen I levels in HSFs. CONCLUSIONS Our research contributes to the expansion of knowledge regarding the functional role of PvTRAgs, while it also enhances our understanding of the immune evasion mechanisms utilized by parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Zhong Kong
- Laboratory of Pathogen Infection and Immunity, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Hang-Ye Zhang
- Laboratory of Pathogen Infection and Immunity, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China
- Case Room, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Yi-Fan Sun
- Laboratory of Pathogen Infection and Immunity, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Wuxi Red Cross Blood Center, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Heng-Yuan Cui
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Su Han
- Laboratory of Pathogen Infection and Immunity, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China.
| | - Yang Cheng
- Laboratory of Pathogen Infection and Immunity, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China.
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Ayllon-Hermida A, Nicolau-Fernandez M, Larrinaga AM, Aparici-Herraiz I, Tintó-Font E, Llorà-Batlle O, Orban A, Yasnot MF, Graupera M, Esteller M, Popovici J, Cortés A, del Portillo HA, Fernandez-Becerra C. Plasmodium vivax spleen-dependent protein 1 and its role in extracellular vesicles-mediated intrasplenic infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1408451. [PMID: 38828264 PMCID: PMC11140020 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1408451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that human spleen contains over 95% of the total parasite biomass during chronic asymptomatic infections caused by Plasmodium vivax. Previous studies have demonstrated that extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted from infected reticulocytes facilitate binding to human spleen fibroblasts (hSFs) and identified parasite genes whose expression was dependent on an intact spleen. Here, we characterize the P. vivax spleen-dependent hypothetical gene (PVX_114580). Using CRISPR/Cas9, PVX_114580 was integrated into P. falciparum 3D7 genome and expressed during asexual stages. Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that the protein, which we named P. vivax Spleen-Dependent Protein 1 (PvSDP1), was located at the surface of infected red blood cells in the transgenic line and this localization was later confirmed in natural infections. Plasma-derived EVs from P. vivax-infected individuals (PvEVs) significantly increased cytoadherence of 3D7_PvSDP1 transgenic line to hSFs and this binding was inhibited by anti-PvSDP1 antibodies. Single-cell RNAseq of PvEVs-treated hSFs revealed increased expression of adhesion-related genes. These findings demonstrate the importance of parasite spleen-dependent genes and EVs from natural infections in the formation of intrasplenic niches in P. vivax, a major challenge for malaria elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ayllon-Hermida
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- IGTP Institut d’Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Ctra. de Can Ruti, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Nicolau-Fernandez
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- IGTP Institut d’Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Ctra. de Can Ruti, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ane M. Larrinaga
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Iris Aparici-Herraiz
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- IGTP Institut d’Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Ctra. de Can Ruti, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Tintó-Font
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Llorà-Batlle
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agnes Orban
- Malaria Research Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - María Fernanda Yasnot
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas y Biomédicas de Córdoba-GIMBIC, Universidad de Córdoba, Monteria, Colombia
| | - Mariona Graupera
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERONC, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERONC, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jean Popovici
- Malaria Research Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- G5 Épidémiologie et Analyse des Maladies Infectieuses, Département de Santé Globale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Alfred Cortés
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hernando A. del Portillo
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- IGTP Institut d’Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Ctra. de Can Ruti, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Fernandez-Becerra
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- IGTP Institut d’Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Ctra. de Can Ruti, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII-CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Menezes SA, Tasca T. Extracellular vesicles in parasitic diseases - from pathogenesis to future diagnostic tools. Microbes Infect 2024; 26:105310. [PMID: 38316376 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Parasitic diseases are still a major public health problem especially among individuals of low socioeconomic status in underdeveloped countries. In recent years it has been demonstrated that parasites can release extracellular vesicles that participate in the host-parasite communication, immune evasion, and in governing processes associated with host infection. Extracellular vesicles are membrane-bound structures released into the extracellular space that can carry several types of biomolecules, including proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and metabolites, which directly impact the target cells. Extracellular vesicles have attracted wide attention due to their relevance in host-parasite communication and for their potential value in applications such as in the diagnostic biomarker discovery. This review of the literature aimed to join the current knowledge on the role of extracellular vesicles in host-parasite interaction and summarize its molecular content, providing information for the acquisition of new tools that can be used in the diagnosis of parasitic diseases. These findings shed light to the potential of extracellular vesicle cargo derived from protozoan parasites as novel diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saulo Almeida Menezes
- Faculdade de Farmácia e Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil.
| | - Tiana Tasca
- Faculdade de Farmácia e Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil.
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Kozela E, Meneghetti P, Regev-Rudzki N, Torrecilhas AC, Porat Z. Subcellular particles for characterization of host-parasite interactions. Microbes Infect 2024:105314. [PMID: 38367661 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Parasitic diseases remain a major global health problem for humans. Parasites employ a variety of strategies to invade and survive within their hosts and to manipulate host defense mechanisms, always in the pathogen's favor. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), membrane-bound nanospheres carrying a variety of bioactive compounds, were shown to be released by the parasites during all stages of the infection, enabling growth and expansion within the host and adaptation to frequently changing environmental stressors. In this review, we discuss how the use of existing nanotechnologies and high-resolution imaging tools assisted in revealing the role of EVs during parasitic infections, enabling the quantitation, visualization, and detailed characterization of EVs. We discuss here the cases of malaria, Chagas disease and leishmaniasis as examples of parasitic neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Unraveling the EVs' role in the NTD pathogenesis may enormously contribute to their early and reliable diagnostic, effective treatment, and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kozela
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Paula Meneghetti
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Bioquímica de Fungos e Protozoários, Brazil
| | - Neta Regev-Rudzki
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ana Claudia Torrecilhas
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Bioquímica de Fungos e Protozoários, Brazil.
| | - Ziv Porat
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Life Sciences Core Facilities, WIS, Rehovot, Israel.
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8
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Welsh JA, Goberdhan DCI, O'Driscoll L, Buzas EI, Blenkiron C, Bussolati B, Cai H, Di Vizio D, Driedonks TAP, Erdbrügger U, Falcon‐Perez JM, Fu Q, Hill AF, Lenassi M, Lim SK, Mahoney MG, Mohanty S, Möller A, Nieuwland R, Ochiya T, Sahoo S, Torrecilhas AC, Zheng L, Zijlstra A, Abuelreich S, Bagabas R, Bergese P, Bridges EM, Brucale M, Burger D, Carney RP, Cocucci E, Colombo F, Crescitelli R, Hanser E, Harris AL, Haughey NJ, Hendrix A, Ivanov AR, Jovanovic‐Talisman T, Kruh‐Garcia NA, Ku'ulei‐Lyn Faustino V, Kyburz D, Lässer C, Lennon KM, Lötvall J, Maddox AL, Martens‐Uzunova ES, Mizenko RR, Newman LA, Ridolfi A, Rohde E, Rojalin T, Rowland A, Saftics A, Sandau US, Saugstad JA, Shekari F, Swift S, Ter‐Ovanesyan D, Tosar JP, Useckaite Z, Valle F, Varga Z, van der Pol E, van Herwijnen MJC, Wauben MHM, Wehman AM, Williams S, Zendrini A, Zimmerman AJ, MISEV Consortium, Théry C, Witwer KW. Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12404. [PMID: 38326288 PMCID: PMC10850029 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Welsh
- Translational Nanobiology Section, Laboratory of PathologyNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Deborah C. I. Goberdhan
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive HealthUniversity of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Lorraine O'Driscoll
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- Trinity St. James's Cancer InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Edit I. Buzas
- Department of Genetics, Cell‐ and ImmunobiologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- HCEMM‐SU Extracellular Vesicle Research GroupSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- HUN‐REN‐SU Translational Extracellular Vesicle Research GroupSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Cherie Blenkiron
- Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Benedetta Bussolati
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | | | - Dolores Di Vizio
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cancer Biology and TherapeuticsCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Tom A. P. Driedonks
- Department CDL ResearchUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Uta Erdbrügger
- University of Virginia Health SystemCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - Juan M. Falcon‐Perez
- Exosomes Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in BiosciencesBasque Research and Technology AllianceDerioSpain
- Metabolomics Platform, Center for Cooperative Research in BiosciencesBasque Research and Technology AllianceDerioSpain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for ScienceBilbaoSpain
| | - Qing‐Ling Fu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Extracellular Vesicle Research and Clinical Translational CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Andrew F. Hill
- Institute for Health and SportVictoria UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Metka Lenassi
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Sai Kiang Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB)Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
- Paracrine Therapeutics Pte. Ltd.SingaporeSingapore
- Department of Surgery, YLL School of MedicineNational University SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Mỹ G. Mahoney
- Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell FacilityAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Andreas Möller
- Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong S.A.R.
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Amsterdam Vesicle Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Susmita Sahoo
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Ana C. Torrecilhas
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Bioquímica de Fungos e Protozoários, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e FarmacêuticasUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Campus DiademaDiademaBrazil
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Andries Zijlstra
- Department of PathologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- GenentechSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sarah Abuelreich
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Reem Bagabas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Paolo Bergese
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
- Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI)FlorenceItaly
- National Center for Gene Therapy and Drugs based on RNA TechnologyPaduaItaly
| | - Esther M. Bridges
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Marco Brucale
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche ‐ Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali NanostrutturatiBolognaItaly
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande InterfaseFlorenceItaly
| | - Dylan Burger
- Kidney Research CentreOttawa Hopsital Research InstituteOttawaCanada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Randy P. Carney
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Emanuele Cocucci
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of PharmacyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Federico Colombo
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of PharmacyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Rossella Crescitelli
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical SciencesSahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institute of Clinical SciencesSahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Edveena Hanser
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Norman J. Haughey
- Departments of Neurology and PsychiatryJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - An Hendrix
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and RepairGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Cancer Research Institute GhentGhentBelgium
| | - Alexander R. Ivanov
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyNortheastern UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Tijana Jovanovic‐Talisman
- Department of Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nicole A. Kruh‐Garcia
- Bio‐pharmaceutical Manufacturing and Academic Resource Center (BioMARC)Infectious Disease Research Center, Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Vroniqa Ku'ulei‐Lyn Faustino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Diego Kyburz
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department of RheumatologyUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Cecilia Lässer
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionInstitute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Kathleen M. Lennon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jan Lötvall
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Adam L. Maddox
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Elena S. Martens‐Uzunova
- Erasmus MC Cancer InstituteUniversity Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of UrologyRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Rachel R. Mizenko
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lauren A. Newman
- College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityAdelaideAustralia
| | - Andrea Ridolfi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB AmsterdamVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Eva Rohde
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University HospitalSalzburger Landeskliniken GmbH of Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
- GMP Unit, Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
- Transfer Centre for Extracellular Vesicle Theralytic Technologies, EV‐TTSalzburgAustria
| | - Tatu Rojalin
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Expansion Therapeutics, Structural Biology and BiophysicsJupiterFloridaUSA
| | - Andrew Rowland
- College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityAdelaideAustralia
| | - Andras Saftics
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ursula S. Sandau
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative MedicineOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Julie A. Saugstad
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative MedicineOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
- Celer DiagnosticsTorontoCanada
| | - Simon Swift
- Waipapa Taumata Rau University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Dmitry Ter‐Ovanesyan
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Juan P. Tosar
- Universidad de la RepúblicaMontevideoUruguay
- Institut Pasteur de MontevideoMontevideoUruguay
| | - Zivile Useckaite
- College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityAdelaideAustralia
| | - Francesco Valle
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche ‐ Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali NanostrutturatiBolognaItaly
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande InterfaseFlorenceItaly
| | - Zoltan Varga
- Biological Nanochemistry Research GroupInstitute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation BiologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Edwin van der Pol
- Amsterdam Vesicle Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, location AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, location AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Martijn J. C. van Herwijnen
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Marca H. M. Wauben
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Andrea Zendrini
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
- Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI)FlorenceItaly
| | - Alan J. Zimmerman
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyNortheastern UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Clotilde Théry
- Institut Curie, INSERM U932PSL UniversityParisFrance
- CurieCoreTech Extracellular Vesicles, Institut CurieParisFrance
| | - Kenneth W. Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- EV Core Facility “EXCEL”, Institute for Basic Biomedical SciencesJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- The Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer's DiseaseJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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9
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Aloi N, Drago G, Ruggieri S, Cibella F, Colombo P, Longo V. Extracellular Vesicles and Immunity: At the Crossroads of Cell Communication. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1205. [PMID: 38256278 PMCID: PMC10816988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), comprising exosomes and microvesicles, are small membranous structures secreted by nearly all cell types. They have emerged as crucial mediators in intercellular communication, playing pivotal roles in diverse physiological and pathological processes, notably within the realm of immunity. These roles go beyond mere cellular interactions, as extracellular vesicles stand as versatile and dynamic components of immune regulation, impacting both innate and adaptive immunity. Their multifaceted involvement includes immune cell activation, antigen presentation, and immunomodulation, emphasising their significance in maintaining immune homeostasis and contributing to the pathogenesis of immune-related disorders. Extracellular vesicles participate in immunomodulation by delivering a wide array of bioactive molecules, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, thereby influencing gene expression in target cells. This manuscript presents a comprehensive review that encompasses in vitro and in vivo studies aimed at elucidating the mechanisms through which EVs modulate human immunity. Understanding the intricate interplay between extracellular vesicles and immunity is imperative for unveiling novel therapeutic targets and diagnostic tools applicable to various immunological disorders, including autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and cancer. Furthermore, recognising the potential of EVs as versatile drug delivery vehicles holds significant promise for the future of immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paolo Colombo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy (IRIB-CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (N.A.); (G.D.); (S.R.); (F.C.); (V.L.)
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10
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Alfandari D, Cadury S, Morandi MI, Regev-Rudzki N. Transforming parasites into their own foes: parasitic extracellular vesicles as a vaccine platform. Trends Parasitol 2023; 39:913-928. [PMID: 37758631 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic diseases continue to afflict millions of people globally. However, traditional vaccine development strategies are often difficult to apply to parasites, leaving an immense unmet need for new effective vaccines for the prevention and control of parasitic infections. As parasites commonly use extracellular vesicles (EVs) to interact with, interfere with, or modulate the host immune response from a distance, parasite-derived EVs may provide promising vaccine agents that induce immunity against parasitic infections. We here present achievements to date and the challenges and limitations associated with using parasitic EVs in a clinical context. Despite the many difficulties that need to be overcome, we believe this direction could offer a new and reliable source of therapeutics for various neglected parasitic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Alfandari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sharon Cadury
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mattia I Morandi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Neta Regev-Rudzki
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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11
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Vetter L, Bajalan A, Ahamed MT, Scasso C, Shafeeq S, Andersson B, Ribacke U. Starvation induces changes in abundance and small RNA cargo of extracellular vesicles released from Plasmodium falciparum infected red blood cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18423. [PMID: 37891207 PMCID: PMC10611735 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45590-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The lethal malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum needs to constantly respond and adapt to changes within the human host in order to survive and transmit. One such change is composed of nutritional limitation, which is augmented with increased parasite loads and intimately linked to severe disease development. Extracellular vesicles released from infected red blood cells have been proposed as important mediators of disease pathogenesis and intercellular communication but whether important for the parasite response to nutritional availability is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the abundance and small RNA cargo of extracellular vesicles released upon short-term nutritional starvation of P. falciparum in vitro cultures. We show that primarily ring-stage parasite cultures respond to glucose and amino acid deprivation with an increased release of extracellular vesicles. Small RNA sequencing of these extracellular vesicles further revealed human miRNAs and parasitic tRNA fragments as the main constituent biotypes. Short-term starvations led to alterations in the transcriptomic profile, most notably in terms of the over-represented biotypes. These data suggest a potential role for extracellular vesicles released from P. falciparum infected red blood cells in the response to nutritional perturbations, their potential as prognostic biomarkers and point towards an evolutionary conserved role among protozoan parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Vetter
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, SE-17165, Solna, Sweden
| | - Amanj Bajalan
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, SE-17165, Solna, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Tanvir Ahamed
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18, SE-17177, Solna, Sweden
| | - Caterina Scasso
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, SE-17165, Solna, Sweden
| | - Sulman Shafeeq
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, SE-17165, Solna, Sweden
| | - Björn Andersson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, SE-17165, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ulf Ribacke
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, SE-17165, Solna, Sweden.
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, SE-75237, Uppsala, Sweden.
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12
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Fernandez‐Becerra C, Xander P, Alfandari D, Dong G, Aparici‐Herraiz I, Rosenhek‐Goldian I, Shokouhy M, Gualdron‐Lopez M, Lozano N, Cortes‐Serra N, Karam PA, Meneghetti P, Madeira RP, Porat Z, Soares RP, Costa AO, Rafati S, da Silva A, Santarém N, Fernandez‐Prada C, Ramirez MI, Bernal D, Marcilla A, Pereira‐Chioccola VL, Alves LR, Portillo HD, Regev‐Rudzki N, de Almeida IC, Schenkman S, Olivier M, Torrecilhas AC. Guidelines for the purification and characterization of extracellular vesicles of parasites. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 2:e117. [PMID: 38939734 PMCID: PMC11080789 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Parasites are responsible for the most neglected tropical diseases, affecting over a billion people worldwide (WHO, 2015) and accounting for billions of cases a year and responsible for several millions of deaths. Research on extracellular vesicles (EVs) has increased in recent years and demonstrated that EVs shed by pathogenic parasites interact with host cells playing an important role in the parasite's survival, such as facilitation of infection, immunomodulation, parasite adaptation to the host environment and the transfer of drug resistance factors. Thus, EVs released by parasites mediate parasite-parasite and parasite-host intercellular communication. In addition, they are being explored as biomarkers of asymptomatic infections and disease prognosis after drug treatment. However, most current protocols used for the isolation, size determination, quantification and characterization of molecular cargo of EVs lack greater rigor, standardization, and adequate quality controls to certify the enrichment or purity of the ensuing bioproducts. We are now initiating major guidelines based on the evolution of collective knowledge in recent years. The main points covered in this position paper are methods for the isolation and molecular characterization of EVs obtained from parasite-infected cell cultures, experimental animals, and patients. The guideline also includes a discussion of suggested protocols and functional assays in host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Fernandez‐Becerra
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global HealthHospital Clínic‐Universitatde BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- IGTP Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i PujolBadalona (Barcelona)Spain
- CIBERINFECISCIII‐CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Patrícia Xander
- Departamento de Ciências FarmacêuticasLaboratório de Imunologia Celular e Bioquímica de Fungos e ProtozoáriosDepartamento de Ciências FarmacêuticasInstituto de Ciências AmbientaisQuímicas e FarmacêuticasUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)São PauloBrazil
| | - Daniel Alfandari
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of Science (WIS)RehovotIsrael
| | - George Dong
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health CentreMcGill UniversityMontréalQuébecCanada
| | - Iris Aparici‐Herraiz
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global HealthHospital Clínic‐Universitatde BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Mehrdad Shokouhy
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine ResearchPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Melisa Gualdron‐Lopez
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global HealthHospital Clínic‐Universitatde BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Nicholy Lozano
- Departamento de Ciências FarmacêuticasLaboratório de Imunologia Celular e Bioquímica de Fungos e ProtozoáriosDepartamento de Ciências FarmacêuticasInstituto de Ciências AmbientaisQuímicas e FarmacêuticasUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)São PauloBrazil
| | - Nuria Cortes‐Serra
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global HealthHospital Clínic‐Universitatde BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Paula Abou Karam
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of Science (WIS)RehovotIsrael
| | - Paula Meneghetti
- Departamento de Ciências FarmacêuticasLaboratório de Imunologia Celular e Bioquímica de Fungos e ProtozoáriosDepartamento de Ciências FarmacêuticasInstituto de Ciências AmbientaisQuímicas e FarmacêuticasUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)São PauloBrazil
| | - Rafael Pedro Madeira
- Departamento de Ciências FarmacêuticasLaboratório de Imunologia Celular e Bioquímica de Fungos e ProtozoáriosDepartamento de Ciências FarmacêuticasInstituto de Ciências AmbientaisQuímicas e FarmacêuticasUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)São PauloBrazil
| | - Ziv Porat
- Flow Cytometry UnitLife Sciences Core Facilities, WISRehovotIsrael
| | | | - Adriana Oliveira Costa
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e ToxicológicasFaculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)Belo HorizonteMinas GeraisBrasil
| | - Sima Rafati
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine ResearchPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Anabela‐Cordeiro da Silva
- Host‐Parasite Interactions GroupInstitute of Research and Innovation in HealthUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
- Department of Biological SciencesFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Nuno Santarém
- Host‐Parasite Interactions GroupInstitute of Research and Innovation in HealthUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
- Department of Biological SciencesFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
| | | | - Marcel I. Ramirez
- EVAHPI ‐ Extracellular Vesicles and Host‐Parasite Interactions Research Group Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Sistemática de TripanossomatideosInstituto Carlos Chagas‐FiocruzCuritibaParanáBrasil
| | - Dolores Bernal
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Ciències BiològiquesUniversitat de ValènciaBurjassotValenciaSpain
| | - Antonio Marcilla
- Àrea de Parasitologia, Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i ParasitologiaUniversitat de ValènciaBurjassotValenciaSpain
| | - Vera Lucia Pereira‐Chioccola
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Parasitas e Fungos, Centro de Parasitologia e MicologiaInstituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL)São PauloBrasil
| | - Lysangela Ronalte Alves
- Laboratório de Regulação da Expressão GênicaInstituto Carlos ChagasFiocruz ParanáCuritibaBrazil
- Research Center in Infectious DiseasesDivision of Infectious Disease and Immunity CHU de Quebec Research CenterDepartment of MicrobiologyInfectious Disease and ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity LavalQuebec CityQuebecCanada
| | - Hernando Del Portillo
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global HealthHospital Clínic‐Universitatde BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- IGTP Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i PujolBadalona (Barcelona)Spain
- ICREA Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avanc¸ats (ICREA)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Neta Regev‐Rudzki
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of Science (WIS)RehovotIsrael
| | - Igor Correia de Almeida
- Department of Biological SciencesBorder Biomedical Research CenterThe University of Texas at El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Sergio Schenkman
- Departamento de MicrobiologiaImunologia e Parasitologia, UNIFESPSão PauloBrazil
| | - Martin Olivier
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health CentreMcGill UniversityMontréalQuébecCanada
| | - Ana Claudia Torrecilhas
- Departamento de Ciências FarmacêuticasLaboratório de Imunologia Celular e Bioquímica de Fungos e ProtozoáriosDepartamento de Ciências FarmacêuticasInstituto de Ciências AmbientaisQuímicas e FarmacêuticasUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)São PauloBrazil
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13
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Olajide JS, Qu Z, Yang S, Yang B, Xu X, Wang J, Cai J. Quantitative proteomic analysis of local and systemic extracellular vesicles during Eimeria falciformis infectious cycle in the host. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:339. [PMID: 37759313 PMCID: PMC10523797 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05906-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous structures that are formed during pathophysiology, host-parasite interactions and parasite motility. Typically, apicomplexan-infected host cells secrete EVs which traverse local and systemic strata of the host as the parasites develop. METHODS Extracellular vesicles were isolated from the caecum and serum of Eimeria falciformis-infected mice during oocyst ingestion (0 h post-infection [0 hpi]), merozont stages 1 and 2 (68 and 116 hpi), oocyst shedding (7 days post-infection [7 dpi]) and host recovery (10 dpi) and subsequently characterized and profiled by tandem mass tag (TMT). RESULTS With the progression of E. falciformis life stages, subpopulation of EVs bearing EV biomarkers, including CD9, CD82, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, increased. A total of 860 and 1024 differentially expressed proteins were identified in serum EVs (sEVs) and caecum EVs (cEVs), respectively. Identified immune-related molecules (such as cytokines, receptors, immunoglobins, complements, hormones, inflammasomes), ion exchange and cell death-associated proteins were significantly expressed, at least during the E. falciformis first and second merozont stages. Bioinformatics assessment indicated that sEV proteins were at all time points implicated in antigen processing and presentation as well as natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity (68 hpi), complement activation/blood coagulation (116 hpi/10 dpi) and catabolic activities (7 dpi). In contrast, cEV proteins were involved in catabolic process, ion transport and antigen presentation (68 and 116 hpi). Host response to E. falciformis infection was similar to intestinal bacterium at 7 dpi and cell adhesion and intercellular protein transport at 10 dpi. In both systems, ferroptosis and necroptosis were common across the parasite's infectious cycle while apoptosis occurred at 68 hpi. CONCLUSION The proteomic data indicate that E. falciformis infection co-opts cellular and humoral responses through EV secretions, and that, host cell death and ionic imbalance are associated with E. falciformis infection. This study offers additional insight into host-parasite interactions and host regulatory EV proteins as potential disease indicators or diagnostic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Seun Olajide
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
- Centre for Distance Learning, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Zigang Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Shunli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Bin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Jianping Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
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14
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Tiberti N, Longoni SS, Combes V, Piubelli C. Host-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Blood and Tissue Human Protozoan Infections. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2318. [PMID: 37764162 PMCID: PMC10536481 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood and tissue protozoan infections are responsible for an enormous burden in tropical and subtropical regions, even though they can also affect people living in high-income countries, mainly as a consequence of migration and travel. These pathologies are responsible for heavy socio-economic issues in endemic countries, where the lack of proper therapeutic interventions and effective vaccine strategies is still hampering their control. Moreover, the pathophysiological mechanisms associated with the establishment, progression and outcome of these infectious diseases are yet to be fully described. Among all the players, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have raised significant interest during the last decades due to their capacity to modulate inter-parasite and host-parasite interactions. In the present manuscript, we will review the state of the art of circulating host-derived EVs in clinical samples or in experimental models of human blood and tissue protozoan diseases (i.e., malaria, leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, human African trypanosomiasis and toxoplasmosis) to gain novel insights into the mechanisms of pathology underlying these conditions and to identify novel potential diagnostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Tiberti
- Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, 37024 Negrar di Valpolicella, Italy; (S.S.L.); (C.P.)
| | - Silvia Stefania Longoni
- Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, 37024 Negrar di Valpolicella, Italy; (S.S.L.); (C.P.)
| | - Valéry Combes
- Microvesicles and Malaria Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Chiara Piubelli
- Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, 37024 Negrar di Valpolicella, Italy; (S.S.L.); (C.P.)
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15
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Rankawat S, Kundal K, Chakraborty S, Kumar R, Ray S. A comprehensive rhythmicity analysis of host proteins and immune factors involved in malaria pathogenesis to decipher the importance of host circadian clock in malaria. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1210299. [PMID: 37638001 PMCID: PMC10449258 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1210299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Circadian rhythms broadly impact human health by regulating our daily physiological and metabolic processes. The circadian clocks substantially regulate our immune responses and susceptibility to infections. Malaria parasites have intrinsic molecular oscillations and coordinate their infection cycle with host rhythms. Considering the cyclical nature of malaria, a clear understanding of the circadian regulations in malaria pathogenesis and host responses is of immense importance. Methods We have thoroughly investigated the transcript level rhythmic patterns in blood proteins altered in falciparum and vivax malaria and malaria-related immune factors in mice, baboons, and humans by analyzing datasets from published literature and comprehensive databases. Using the Metascape and DAVID platforms, we analyzed Gene Ontology terms and physiological pathways associated with the rhythmic malaria-associated host immune factors. Results We observed that almost 50% of the malaria-associated host immune factors are rhythmic in mice and humans. Overlapping rhythmic genes identified in mice, baboons, and humans, exhibited enrichment (Q < 0.05, fold-enrichment > 5) of multiple physiological pathways essential for host immune and defense response, including cytokine production, leukocyte activation, cellular defense, and response, regulation of kinase activity, B-cell receptor signaling pathway, and cellular response to cytokine stimulus. Conclusions Our analysis indicates a robust circadian regulation on multiple interconnected host response pathways and immunological networks in malaria, evident from numerous rhythmic genes involved in those pathways. Host immune rhythms play a vital role in the temporal regulation of host-parasite interactions and defense machinery in malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sandipan Ray
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
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16
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Tedford E, Badya NB, Laing C, Asaoka N, Kaneko S, Filippi BM, McConkey GA. Infection-induced extracellular vesicles evoke neuronal transcriptional and epigenetic changes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6913. [PMID: 37106020 PMCID: PMC10140046 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii induces changes in neurotransmission, neuroinflammation, and behavior, yet it remains elusive how these changes come about. In this study we investigated how norepinephrine levels are altered by infection. TINEV (Toxoplasma-induced neuronal extracellular vesicles) isolated from infected noradrenergic cells down-regulated dopamine ß-hydroxylase (DBH) gene expression in human and rodent cells. Here we report that intracerebral injection of TINEVs into the brain is sufficient to induce DBH down-regulation and distrupt catecholaminergic signalling. Further, TINEV treatment induced hypermethylation upstream of the DBH gene. An antisense lncRNA to DBH was found in purified TINEV preparations. Paracrine signalling to induce transcriptional gene silencing and DNA methylation may be a common mode to regulate neurologic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Tedford
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Norhidayah Binti Badya
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Conor Laing
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Nozomi Asaoka
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-Shimoadachi-Cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shuji Kaneko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-Shimoadachi-Cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Beatrice Maria Filippi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Glenn Alan McConkey
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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17
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Kumari S, Sinha A. Culture and transfection: Two major bottlenecks in understanding Plasmodium vivax biology. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1144453. [PMID: 37082177 PMCID: PMC10110902 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1144453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The long term in vitro culture of Plasmodium falciparum was successfully established by Trager and Jensen in 1976; however it largely remains unachieved for P. vivax. The major obstacle associated with Plasmodium vivax in vitro culture is its predilection for invading younger reticulocytes and the complex remodelling of invaded reticulocytes. There are many factors under exploration for this predilection and host–parasite interactions between merozoites and invaded reticulocytes. These include various factors related to parasite, host and environment such as compromised reticulocyte osmotic stability after invasion, abundance of iron in the reticulocytes which makes them favourable for P. vivax growth and propagation and role of a hypoxic environment in P. vivax in vitro growth. P. vivax blood stage transfection represents another major hurdle towards understanding this parasite’s complex biology. Efforts in making this parasite amenable for molecular investigation by genetic modification are limited. Newer approaches in sustaining a longer in vitro culture and thereby help advancing transfection technologies in P. vivax are urgently needed that can be explored to understand the unique biology of this parasite.
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18
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Characterization and Proteomic Analysis of Plasma EVs Recovered from Healthy and Diseased Dogs with Canine Leishmaniosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065490. [PMID: 36982564 PMCID: PMC10056832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Dogs are highly valued companions and work animals that are susceptible to many life-threatening conditions such as canine leishmaniosis (CanL). Plasma-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), exploited extensively in biomarker discovery, constitute a mostly untapped resource in veterinary sciences. Thus, the definition of proteins associated with plasma EVs recovered from healthy and diseased dogs with a relevant pathogen would be important for biomarker development. For this, we recovered, using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), EVs from 19 healthy and 20 CanL dogs’ plasma and performed proteomic analysis by LC-MS/MS to define their core proteomic composition and search for CanL-associated alterations. EVs-specific markers were identified in all preparations and also non-EVs proteins. Some EVs markers such as CD82 were specific to the healthy animals, while others, such as the Integrin beta 3 were identified in most samples. The EVs-enriched preparations allowed the identification of 529 canine proteins that were identified in both groups, while 465 and 154 were only identified in healthy or CanL samples, respectively. A GO enrichment analysis revealed few CanL-specific terms. Leishmania spp. protein identifications were also found, although with only one unique peptide. Ultimately, CanL-associated proteins of interest were identified and a core proteome was revealed that will be available for intra- and inter-species comparisons.
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19
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Recent advances in extracellular vesicle-based organic nanotherapeutic drugs for precision cancer therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.215006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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20
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Cruz Camacho A, Alfandari D, Kozela E, Regev-Rudzki N. Biogenesis of extracellular vesicles in protozoan parasites: The ESCRT complex in the trafficking fast lane? PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011140. [PMID: 36821560 PMCID: PMC9949670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) provide a central mechanism of cell-cell communication. While EVs are found in most organisms, their pathogenesis-promoting roles in parasites are of particular interest given the potential for medical insight and consequential therapeutic intervention. Yet, a key feature of EVs in human parasitic protozoa remains elusive: their mechanisms of biogenesis. Here, we survey the current knowledge on the biogenesis pathways of EVs secreted by the four main clades of human parasitic protozoa: apicomplexans, trypanosomatids, flagellates, and amoebae. In particular, we shine a light on findings pertaining to the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) machinery, as in mammals it plays important roles in EV biogenesis. This review highlights the diversity in EV biogenesis in protozoa, as well as the related involvement of the ESCRT system in these unique organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Cruz Camacho
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Daniel Alfandari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ewa Kozela
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Neta Regev-Rudzki
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- * E-mail:
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21
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Thuya WL, Kong LR, Syn NL, Ding LW, Cheow ESH, Wong RTX, Wang T, Goh RMWJ, Song H, Jayasinghe MK, Le MT, Hu JC, Yong WP, Lee SC, Wong ALA, Sethi G, Hung HT, Ho PCL, Thiery JP, Sze SK, Guo T, Soo RA, Yang H, Lim YC, Wang L, Goh BC. FAM3C in circulating tumor-derived extracellular vesicles promotes non-small cell lung cancer growth in secondary sites. Theranostics 2023; 13:621-638. [PMID: 36632230 PMCID: PMC9830426 DOI: 10.7150/thno.72297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Metastasis is a complex process with a molecular underpinning that remains unclear. We hypothesize that cargo proteins conducted by extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from tumors may confer growth and metastasis potential on recipient cells. Here, we report that a cytokine-like secreted protein, FAM3C, contributes to late-stage lung tumor progression. Methods: EV protein profiling was conducted with an unbiased proteomic mass spectrometry analysis on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and normal lung fibroblast cell lines. Expression of FAM3C was confirmed in a panel of NSCLC cell lines, and correlated to the invasive and metastatic potentials. Functional phenotype of endogenous FAM3C and tumor-derived EVs (TDEs) were further investigated using various biological approaches in RNA and protein levels. Metastasis potential of TDEs secreted by FAM3C-overexpressing carcinoma cells was validated in mouse models. Results: Transcriptomic meta-analysis of pan-cancer datasets confirmed the overexpression of FAM3C - a gene encoding for interleukin-like EMT inducer (ILEI) - in NSCLC tumors, with strong association with poor patient prognosis and cancer metastasis. Aberrant expression of FAM3C in lung carcinoma cells enhances cellular transformation and promotes distant lung tumor colonization. In addition, higher FAM3C concentrations were detected in EVs extracted from plasma samples of NSCLC patients compared to those of healthy subjects. More importantly, we defined a hitherto-unknown mode of microenvironmental crosstalk involving FAM3C in EVs, whereby the delivery and uptake of FAM3C via TDEs enhances oncogenic signaling - in recipient cells that phenocopies the cell-endogenous overexpression of FAM3C. The oncogenicity transduced by FAM3C is executed via a novel interaction with the Ras-related protein RalA, triggering the downstream activation of the Src/Stat3 signaling cascade. Conclusions: Our study describes a novel mechanism for FAM3C-driven carcinogenesis and shed light on EV FAM3C as a driver for metastatic lung tumors that could be exploited for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Win Lwin Thuya
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599
| | - Li Ren Kong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas L Syn
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, China
| | - Ling-Wen Ding
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599.,Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Esther Sok Hwee Cheow
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599
| | - Regina Tong Xin Wong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599
| | - Tingting Wang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599
| | | | - Hongyan Song
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599
| | - Migara K Jayasinghe
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Minh Tn Le
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jian Cheng Hu
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei-Peng Yong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599.,NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Soo-Chin Lee
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599.,NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Andrea Li-Ann Wong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599.,NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huynh The Hung
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Paul Chi-Lui Ho
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jean-Paul Thiery
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599.,INSERM Unit 1186, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Tiannan Guo
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, China
| | - Ross A Soo
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Henry Yang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599
| | - Yaw Chyn Lim
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon-Cher Goh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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22
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Gonçalves-Machado L, Verçoza BRF, Nogueira FCS, Melani RD, Domont GB, Rodrigues SP, Rodrigues JCF, Zingali RB. Extracellular Vesicles from Bothrops jararaca Venom Are Diverse in Structure and Protein Composition and Interact with Mammalian Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14110806. [PMID: 36422980 PMCID: PMC9698812 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14110806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake venoms are complex cocktails of non-toxic and toxic molecules that work synergistically for the envenoming outcome. Alongside the immediate consequences, chronic manifestations and long-term sequelae can occur. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) were found in snake venom. EVs mediate cellular communication through long distances, delivering proteins and nucleic acids that modulate the recipient cell's function. However, the biological roles of snake venom EVs, including possible cross-organism communication, are still unknown. This knowledge may expand the understanding of envenoming mechanisms. In the present study, we isolated and characterized the EVs from Bothrops jararaca venom (Bj-EVs), giving insights into their biological roles. Fresh venom was submitted to differential centrifugation, resulting in two EV populations with typical morphology and size range. Several conserved EV markers and a subset of venom related EV markers, represented mainly by processing enzymes, were identified by proteomic analysis. The most abundant protein family observed in Bj-EVs was 5'-nucleotidase, known to be immunosuppressive and a low abundant and ubiquitous toxin in snake venoms. Additionally, we demonstrated that mammalian cells efficiently internalize Bj-EVs. The commercial antibothropic antivenom partially recognizes Bj-EVs and inhibits cellular EV uptake. Based on the proteomic results and the in vitro interaction assays using macrophages and muscle cells, we propose that Bj-EVs may be involved not only in venom production and processing but also in host immune modulation and long-term effects of envenoming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Gonçalves-Machado
- Laboratório de Hemostase e Venenos, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (Inbeb), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Instituto Vital Brazil, Gerência de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Niterói 24230-410, Brazil
| | - Brunno Renato Farias Verçoza
- Núcleo Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biologia (NUMPEX-Bio), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus UFRJ Duque de Caxias, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro 25240-005, Brazil
| | - Fábio César Sousa Nogueira
- Laboratório de Química de Proteínas, Unidade Proteômica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
- Laboratório de Proteômica (LabProt)—LADETEC, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil
| | - Rafael Donadélli Melani
- Laboratório de Química de Proteínas, Unidade Proteômica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Barbosa Domont
- Laboratório de Química de Proteínas, Unidade Proteômica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Silas Pessini Rodrigues
- Núcleo Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biologia (NUMPEX-Bio), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus UFRJ Duque de Caxias, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro 25240-005, Brazil
| | - Juliany Cola Fernandes Rodrigues
- Núcleo Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biologia (NUMPEX-Bio), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus UFRJ Duque de Caxias, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro 25240-005, Brazil
| | - Russolina Benedeta Zingali
- Laboratório de Hemostase e Venenos, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (Inbeb), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-2139386782
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23
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This is a review of Plasmodium vivax epidemiology, pathogenesis, disease presentation, treatment and innovations in control and elimination. Here, we examine the recent literature and summarize new advances and ongoing challenges in the management of P. vivax . RECENT FINDINGS P. vivax has a complex life cycle in the human host which impacts disease severity and treatment regimens. There is increasing data for the presence of cryptic reservoirs in the spleen and bone marrow which may contribute to chronic vivax infections and possibly disease severity. Methods to map the geospatial epidemiology of P. vivax chloroquine resistance are advancing, and they will inform local treatment guidelines. P. vivax treatment requires an 8-aminoquinoline to eradicate the dormant liver stage. Evidence suggests that higher doses of 8-aminoquinolines may be needed for radical cure of tropical frequent-relapsing strains. SUMMARY P. vivax is a significant global health problem. There have been recent developments in understanding the complexity of P. vivax biology and optimization of antimalarial therapy. Studies toward the development of best practices for P. vivax control and elimination programs are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Khan
- Department of Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Johanna P. Daily
- Department of Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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24
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Extracellular Vesicles in Trypanosoma cruzi Infection: Immunomodulatory Effects and Future Perspectives as Potential Control Tools against Chagas Disease. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:5230603. [PMID: 36033396 PMCID: PMC9402373 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5230603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by the protozoa parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is a neglected tropical disease and a major public health problem affecting more than 6 million people worldwide. Many challenges remain in the quest to control Chagas disease: the diagnosis presents several limitations and the two available treatments cause several side effects, presenting limited efficacy during the chronic phase of the disease. In addition, there are no preventive vaccines or biomarkers of therapeutic response or disease outcome. Trypomastigote form and T. cruzi-infected cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are involved in cell-to-cell communication and can modulate the host immune response. Importantly, EVs have been described as promising tools for the development of new therapeutic strategies, such as vaccines, and for the discovery of new biomarkers. Here, we review and discuss the role of EVs secreted during T. cruzi infection and their immunomodulatory properties. Finally, we briefly describe their potential for biomarker discovery and future perspectives as vaccine development tools for Chagas Disease.
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25
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Gualdrón-López M, Díaz-Varela M, Zanghi G, Aparici-Herraiz I, Steel RW, Schäfer C, Cuscó P, Chuenchob V, Kangwangransan N, Billman ZP, Olsen TM, González JR, Roobsoong W, Sattabongkot J, Murphy SC, Mikolajczak SA, Borràs E, Sabidó E, Fernandez-Becerra C, Flannery EL, Kappe SH, del Portillo HA. Mass Spectrometry Identification of Biomarkers in Extracellular Vesicles From Plasmodium vivax Liver Hypnozoite Infections. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100406. [PMID: 36030044 PMCID: PMC9520272 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Latent liver stages termed hypnozoites cause relapsing Plasmodium vivax malaria infection and represent a major obstacle in the goal of malaria elimination. Hypnozoites are clinically undetectable, and presently, there are no biomarkers of this persistent parasite reservoir in the human liver. Here, we have identified parasite and human proteins associated with extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted from in vivo infections exclusively containing hypnozoites. We used P. vivax-infected human liver-chimeric (huHEP) FRG KO mice treated with the schizonticidal experimental drug MMV048 as hypnozoite infection model. Immunofluorescence-based quantification of P. vivax liver forms showed that MMV048 removed schizonts from chimeric mice livers. Proteomic analysis of EVs derived from FRG huHEP mice showed that human EV cargo from infected FRG huHEP mice contain inflammation markers associated with active schizont replication and identified 66 P. vivax proteins. To identify hypnozoite-specific proteins associated with EVs, we mined the proteome data from MMV048-treated mice and performed an analysis involving intragroup and intergroup comparisons across all experimental conditions followed by a peptide compatibility analysis with predicted spectra to warrant robust identification. Only one protein fulfilled this stringent top-down selection, a putative filamin domain-containing protein. This study sets the stage to unveil biological features of human liver infections and identify biomarkers of hypnozoite infection associated with EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Gualdrón-López
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain,IGTP, Institute for Health Sciences Trias I Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Díaz-Varela
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain,IGTP, Institute for Health Sciences Trias I Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gigliola Zanghi
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Iris Aparici-Herraiz
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain,IGTP, Institute for Health Sciences Trias I Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ryan W.J. Steel
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Carola Schäfer
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Pol Cuscó
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vorada Chuenchob
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Niwat Kangwangransan
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Zachary P. Billman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tayla M. Olsen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Juan R. González
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wanlapa Roobsoong
- MVRU, Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Sean C. Murphy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sebastian A. Mikolajczak
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Eva Borràs
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Sabidó
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Fernandez-Becerra
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain,IGTP, Institute for Health Sciences Trias I Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Erika L. Flannery
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stefan H.I. Kappe
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hernando A. del Portillo
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain,IGTP, Institute for Health Sciences Trias I Pujol, Barcelona, Spain,ICREA, Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain,For correspondence: Hernando A. del Portillo
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26
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Carmona-Fonseca J, Olivera MJ, Yasnot-Acosta MF. A Retrospective Review on Severe Malaria in Colombia, 2007–2020. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11080893. [PMID: 36015012 PMCID: PMC9416211 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Knowledge of severe malaria (SM) or complicated malaria is insufficient in all its components. The least known type is the one associated with Plasmodium vivax, compared to that caused by P. falciparum. The aim of this study was to provide a general overview of epidemiological information about the burden of SM, obtained from the National Public Health Surveillance System (SIVIGILA) for the period 2007–2020 in Colombia. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional study of secondary information was performed via SIVIGILA. Results: There were 9881 SM cases among 1,060,950 total malaria cases in Colombia in 2007–2020: 9.31 SM cases per 1000 malaria cases. During this period, there were 7145 SM cases due to the following species: Plasmodium vivax, 57.6%; P. falciparum, 38.6%; severe mixed malaria, 3.2%; and P. malariae, 0.6%. The most compromised organ systems are the hematological system (54.9%), the liver (9.1%), the kidneys (4.2%), the lungs (1.9%) and the brain (1.6%). Conclusions: There has been a reduction in malaria incidence in Colombia in the last 10–15 years, but there has also been a strong increase in SM incidence. We suggest emphasizing the prevention of the onset of severe malaria, with the early and accurate diagnosis of plasmodial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Carmona-Fonseca
- Grupo Salud y Comunidad-Cesar Uribe Piedrahíta, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | | | - María F. Yasnot-Acosta
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas y Biomédicas de Córdoba (GIMBIC), Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
- Correspondence:
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27
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Eustes AS, Dayal S. The Role of Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Immune-Mediated Thrombosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7837. [PMID: 35887184 PMCID: PMC9320310 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) play important roles in hemostasis and thrombosis. There are three major types of PEVs described based on their size and characteristics, but newer types may continue to emerge owing to the ongoing improvement in the methodologies and terms used to define various types of EVs. As the literature on EVs is growing, there are continuing attempts to standardize protocols for EV isolation and reach consensus in the field. This review provides information on mechanisms of PEV production, characteristics, cellular interaction, and their pathological role, especially in autoimmune and infectious diseases. We also highlight the mechanisms through which PEVs can activate parent cells in a feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia S. Eustes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Sanjana Dayal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
- Iowa City VA Healthcare System, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
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28
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Abou Karam P, Rosenhek‐Goldian I, Ziv T, Ben Ami Pilo H, Azuri I, Rivkin A, Kiper E, Rotkopf R, Cohen SR, Torrecilhas AC, Avinoam O, Rojas A, Morandi MI, Regev‐Rudzki N. Malaria parasites release vesicle subpopulations with signatures of different destinations. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e54755. [PMID: 35642585 PMCID: PMC9253735 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202254755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is the most serious mosquito-borne parasitic disease, caused mainly by the intracellular parasite Plasmodium falciparum. The parasite invades human red blood cells and releases extracellular vesicles (EVs) to alter its host responses. It becomes clear that EVs are generally composed of sub-populations. Seeking to identify EV subpopulations, we subject malaria-derived EVs to size-separation analysis, using asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation. Multi-technique analysis reveals surprising characteristics: we identify two distinct EV subpopulations differing in size and protein content. Small EVs are enriched in complement-system proteins and large EVs in proteasome subunits. We then measure the membrane fusion abilities of each subpopulation with three types of host cellular membranes: plasma, late and early endosome. Remarkably, small EVs fuse to early endosome liposomes at significantly greater levels than large EVs. Atomic force microscope imaging combined with machine-learning methods further emphasizes the difference in biophysical properties between the two subpopulations. These results shed light on the sophisticated mechanism by which malaria parasites utilize EV subpopulations as a communication tool to target different cellular destinations or host systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Abou Karam
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | | | - Tamar Ziv
- Smoler Proteomics CenterDepartment of BiologyTechnion – Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael
| | - Hila Ben Ami Pilo
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Ido Azuri
- Bioinformatics UnitLife Sciences Core FacilitiesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Anna Rivkin
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Edo Kiper
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Ron Rotkopf
- Bioinformatics UnitLife Sciences Core FacilitiesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Sidney R Cohen
- Department of Chemical Research SupportWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | | | - Ori Avinoam
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Alicia Rojas
- Laboratory of HelminthologyFaculty of MicrobiologyUniversity of Costa RicaSan JoséCosta Rica
| | - Mattia I Morandi
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Neta Regev‐Rudzki
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
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29
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Aparici Herraiz I, Caires HR, Castillo-Fernández Ó, Sima N, Méndez-Mora L, Risueño RM, Sattabongkot J, Roobsoong W, Hernández-Machado A, Fernandez-Becerra C, Barrias CC, del Portillo HA. Advancing Key Gaps in the Knowledge of Plasmodium vivax Cryptic Infections Using Humanized Mouse Models and Organs-on-Chips. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:920204. [PMID: 35873153 PMCID: PMC9302440 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.920204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax is the most widely distributed human malaria parasite representing 36.3% of disease burden in the South-East Asia region and the most predominant species in the region of the Americas. Recent estimates indicate that 3.3 billion of people are under risk of infection with circa 7 million clinical cases reported each year. This burden is certainly underestimated as the vast majority of chronic infections are asymptomatic. For centuries, it has been widely accepted that the only source of cryptic parasites is the liver dormant stages known as hypnozoites. However, recent evidence indicates that niches outside the liver, in particular in the spleen and the bone marrow, can represent a major source of cryptic chronic erythrocytic infections. The origin of such chronic infections is highly controversial as many key knowledge gaps remain unanswered. Yet, as parasites in these niches seem to be sheltered from immune response and antimalarial drugs, research on this area should be reinforced if elimination of malaria is to be achieved. Due to ethical and technical considerations, working with the liver, bone marrow and spleen from natural infections is very difficult. Recent advances in the development of humanized mouse models and organs-on-a-chip models, offer novel technological frontiers to study human diseases, vaccine validation and drug discovery. Here, we review current data of these frontier technologies in malaria, highlighting major challenges ahead to study P. vivax cryptic niches, which perpetuate transmission and burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Aparici Herraiz
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Hugo R. Caires
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Óscar Castillo-Fernández
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Sima
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Lourdes Méndez-Mora
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruth M. Risueño
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jetsumon Sattabongkot
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanlapa Roobsoong
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aurora Hernández-Machado
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centre de Recerca Matemàtica (CRM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Fernandez-Becerra
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Cristina C. Barrias
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS – Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hernando A. del Portillo
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Hernando A. del Portillo,
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30
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Abstract
"The Primate Malarias" book has been a uniquely important resource for multiple generations of scientists, since its debut in 1971, and remains pertinent to the present day. Indeed, nonhuman primates (NHPs) have been instrumental for major breakthroughs in basic and pre-clinical research on malaria for over 50 years. Research involving NHPs have provided critical insights and data that have been essential for malaria research on many parasite species, drugs, vaccines, pathogenesis, and transmission, leading to improved clinical care and advancing research goals for malaria control, elimination, and eradication. Whilst most malaria scientists over the decades have been studying Plasmodium falciparum, with NHP infections, in clinical studies with humans, or using in vitro culture or rodent model systems, others have been dedicated to advancing research on Plasmodium vivax, as well as on phylogenetically related simian species, including Plasmodium cynomolgi, Plasmodium coatneyi, and Plasmodium knowlesi. In-depth study of these four phylogenetically related species over the years has spawned the design of NHP longitudinal infection strategies for gathering information about ongoing infections, which can be related to human infections. These Plasmodium-NHP infection model systems are reviewed here, with emphasis on modern systems biological approaches to studying longitudinal infections, pathogenesis, immunity, and vaccines. Recent discoveries capitalizing on NHP longitudinal infections include an advanced understanding of chronic infections, relapses, anaemia, and immune memory. With quickly emerging new technological advances, more in-depth research and mechanistic discoveries can be anticipated on these and additional critical topics, including hypnozoite biology, antigenic variation, gametocyte transmission, bone marrow dysfunction, and loss of uninfected RBCs. New strategies and insights published by the Malaria Host-Pathogen Interaction Center (MaHPIC) are recapped here along with a vision that stresses the importance of educating future experts well trained in utilizing NHP infection model systems for the pursuit of innovative, effective interventions against malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary R Galinski
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Emory National Primate Research Center (Yerkes National Primate Research Center), Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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31
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African Plasmodium vivax malaria improbably rare or benign. Trends Parasitol 2022; 38:683-696. [PMID: 35667992 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The overwhelming dominance of Duffy blood group negativity among most people living in sub-Saharan Africa has been considered the basis of their protection from endemic Plasmodium vivax malaria. New evidence demonstrates widespread transmission of P. vivax in Duffy-negative Africa, though currently of unknown distribution, magnitude, or consequences. Other new evidence from outside of Africa demonstrates marked tropisms of P. vivax for extravascular tissues of bone marrow and spleen. Those establish states of proliferative infection with low-grade or undetectable parasitemia of peripheral blood causing acute and chronic disease. This review examines the plausibility of those infectious processes also operating in Duffy-negative Africans and causing harm of unrecognized origin.
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32
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Zoia M, Yesodha Subramanian B, Eriksson KK, Ravi MS, Yaghmaei S, Fellay I, Scolari B, Walch M, Mantel PY. Validation of Effective Extracellular Vesicles Isolation Methods Adapted to Field Studies in Malaria Endemic Regions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:812244. [PMID: 35652104 PMCID: PMC9149222 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.812244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria affects the poorer regions of the world and is of tremendous health and economic burden for developing countries. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small vesicles released by almost any cells in the human body, including malaria infected red blood cells. Recent evidence shows that EVs might contribute to the pathogenesis of malaria. In addition, EVs hold considerable value in biomarker discovery. However, there are still significant gaps in our understanding of EV biology. So far most of our knowledge about EVs in malaria comes from in vitro work. More field studies are required to gain insight into their contribution to the disease and pathogenesis under physiological conditions. However, to perform research on EVs in low-income regions might be challenging due to the lack of appropriate equipment to isolate EVs. Therefore, there is a need to develop and validate EV extraction protocols applicable to poorly equipped laboratories. We established and validated two protocols for EV isolation from cell culture supernatants, rodent and human plasma. We compared polyethylene glycol (PEG) and salting out (SA) with sodium acetate for precipitation of EVs. We then characterized the EVs by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Western Blot, Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), bead-based flow cytometry and protein quantification. Both protocols resulted in efficient purification of EVs without the need of expensive material or ultracentrifugation. Furthermore, the procedure is easily scalable to work with large and small sample volumes. Here, we propose that both of our approaches can be used in resource limited countries, therefore further helping to close the gap in knowledge of EVs during malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Zoia
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Anatomy Unit, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bibin Yesodha Subramanian
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Anatomy Unit, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Klara Kristin Eriksson
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Anatomy Unit, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Meera Sruthi Ravi
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Anatomy Unit, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Shekoofeh Yaghmaei
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Anatomy Unit, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Fellay
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Anatomy Unit, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Brigitte Scolari
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Anatomy Unit, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Michael Walch
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Anatomy Unit, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Yves Mantel
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Anatomy Unit, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Extracellular Vesicles from Naegleria fowleri Induce IL-8 Response in THP-1 Macrophage. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11060632. [PMID: 35745486 PMCID: PMC9231210 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11060632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from pathogenic protozoans play crucial roles in host–parasite communication and disease pathogenesis. Naegleria fowleri is a free-living protozoan causing primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, a fatal disease in the central nervous system. This study aims to explore the roles of N. fowleri-derived EVs (Nf-EVs) in host–pathogen interactions using the THP-1 cell line as a model. The Nf-EVs were isolated from the N. fowleri trophozoite culture supernatant using sequential centrifugation and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy. The functional roles of Nf-EVs in the apoptosis and immune response induction of THP-1 monocytes and macrophages were examined by flow cytometry, quantitative PCR, and ELISA. Results showed that Nf-EVs displayed vesicles with bilayer membrane structure approximately 130–170 nm in diameter. The Nf-EVs can be internalized by macrophages and induce macrophage responses by induction of the expression of costimulatory molecules CD80, CD86, HLA-DR, and CD169 and the production of cytokine IL-8. However, Nf-EVs did not affect the apoptosis of macrophages. These findings illustrate the potential role of Nf-EVs in mediating the host immune cell activation and disease pathogenesis.
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34
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Protein Profiling of Malaria-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Reveals Distinct Subtypes. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12040397. [PMID: 35448366 PMCID: PMC9033066 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12040397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is caused by obligate intracellular parasites belonging to the genus Plasmodium. Red blood cells (RBCs) infected with different stages of Plasmodium spp. release extracellular vesicles (EVs). Extensive studies have recently shown that these EVs are involved in key aspects of the parasite’s biology and disease pathogenesis. However, they are yet to be fully characterized. The blood stages of Plasmodium spp., namely the rings, trophozoites and schizonts, are phenotypically distinct, hence, may induce the release of characteristically different EVs from infected RBCs. To gain insights into the biology and biogenesis of malaria EVs, it is important to characterize their biophysical and biochemical properties. By differential centrifugation, we isolated EVs from in vitro cultures of RBCs infected with different stages of Plasmodium falciparum. We performed a preliminary characterization of these EVs and observed that important EV markers were differentially expressed in EVs with different sedimentation properties as well as across EVs released from ring-, trophozoite- or schizont-infected RBCs. Our findings show that RBCs infected with different stages of malaria parasites release EVs with distinct protein expression profiles.
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35
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Leleu I, Alloo J, Cazenave PA, Roland J, Pied S. Autophagy Pathways in the Genesis of Plasmodium-Derived Microvesicles: A Double-Edged Sword? Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030415. [PMID: 35330166 PMCID: PMC8955828 DOI: 10.3390/life12030415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria, caused by Plasmodium species (spp.), is a deadly parasitic disease that results in approximately 400,000 deaths per year globally. Autophagy pathways play a fundamental role in the developmental stages of the parasite within the mammalian host. They are also involved in the production of Plasmodium-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), which play an important role in the infection process, either by providing nutrients for parasite growth or by contributing to the immunopathophysiology of the disease. For example, during the hepatic stage, Plasmodium-derived EVs contribute to parasite virulence by modulating the host immune response. EVs help in evading the different autophagy mechanisms deployed by the host for parasite clearance. During cerebral malaria, on the other hand, parasite-derived EVs promote an astrocyte-mediated inflammatory response, through the induction of a non-conventional host autophagy pathway. In this review, we will discuss the cross-talk between Plasmodium-derived microvesicles and autophagy, and how it influences the outcome of infection.
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36
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Bąska P, Norbury LJ. The Role of Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) in the Immune Response against Parasites. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11030310. [PMID: 35335634 PMCID: PMC8950322 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system consists of various cells, organs, and processes that interact in a sophisticated manner to defend against pathogens. Upon initial exposure to an invader, nonspecific mechanisms are raised through the activation of macrophages, monocytes, basophils, mast cells, eosinophils, innate lymphoid cells, or natural killer cells. During the course of an infection, more specific responses develop (adaptive immune responses) whose hallmarks include the expansion of B and T cells that specifically recognize foreign antigens. Cell to cell communication takes place through physical interactions as well as through the release of mediators (cytokines, chemokines) that modify cell activity and control and regulate the immune response. One regulator of cell states is the transcription factor Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) which mediates responses to various stimuli and is involved in a variety of processes (cell cycle, development, apoptosis, carcinogenesis, innate and adaptive immune responses). It consists of two protein classes with NF-κB1 (p105/50) and NF-κB2 (p100/52) belonging to class I, and RelA (p65), RelB and c-Rel belonging to class II. The active transcription factor consists of a dimer, usually comprised of both class I and class II proteins conjugated to Inhibitor of κB (IκB). Through various stimuli, IκB is phosphorylated and detached, allowing dimer migration to the nucleus and binding of DNA. NF-κB is crucial in regulating the immune response and maintaining a balance between suppression, effective response, and immunopathologies. Parasites are a diverse group of organisms comprised of three major groups: protozoa, helminths, and ectoparasites. Each group induces distinct effector immune mechanisms and is susceptible to different types of immune responses (Th1, Th2, Th17). This review describes the role of NF-κB and its activity during parasite infections and its contribution to inducing protective responses or immunopathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Bąska
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Luke J. Norbury
- Department of Biosciences and Food Technology, School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia;
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Ben Ami Pilo H, Khan Khilji S, Lühle J, Biskup K, Levy Gal B, Rosenhek Goldian I, Alfandari D, Revach O, Kiper E, Morandi MI, Rotkopf R, Porat Z, Blanchard V, Seeberger PH, Regev‐Rudzki N, Moscovitz O. Sialylated N-glycans mediate monocyte uptake of extracellular vesicles secreted from Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 1:e33. [PMID: 38938665 PMCID: PMC11080922 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Glycoconjugates on extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a vital role in internalization and mediate interaction as well as regulation of the host immune system by viruses, bacteria, and parasites. During their intraerythrocytic life-cycle stages, malaria parasites, Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) mediate the secretion of EVs by infected red blood cells (RBCs) that carry a diverse range of parasitic and host-derived molecules. These molecules facilitate parasite-parasite and parasite-host interactions to ensure parasite survival. To date, the number of identified Pf genes associated with glycan synthesis and the repertoire of expressed glycoconjugates is relatively low. Moreover, the role of Pf glycans in pathogenesis is mostly unclear and poorly understood. As a result, the expression of glycoconjugates on Pf-derived EVs or their involvement in the parasite life-cycle has yet to be reported. Herein, we show that EVs secreted by Pf-infected RBCs carry significantly higher sialylated complex N-glycans than EVs derived from healthy RBCs. Furthermore, we reveal that EV uptake by host monocytes depends on N-glycoproteins and demonstrate that terminal sialic acid on the N-glycans is essential for uptake by human monocytes. Our results provide the first evidence that Pf exploits host sialylated N-glycans to mediate EV uptake by the human immune system cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Ben Ami Pilo
- Faculty of BiochemistryDepartment of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Sana Khan Khilji
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax‐Planck‐Institute of Colloids and InterfacesBerlinGermany
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Jost Lühle
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax‐Planck‐Institute of Colloids and InterfacesBerlinGermany
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Karina Biskup
- Institute of Laboratory MedicineClinical Chemistry and PathobiochemistryCharite University Medicine BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Bar Levy Gal
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Life Sciences Core FacilitiesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | | | - Daniel Alfandari
- Faculty of BiochemistryDepartment of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Or‐Yam Revach
- Faculty of BiochemistryDepartment of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Edo Kiper
- Faculty of BiochemistryDepartment of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Mattia I. Morandi
- Faculty of BiochemistryDepartment of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Ron Rotkopf
- Bioinformatics Unit, Life Sciences Core FacilitiesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Ziv Porat
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Life Sciences Core FacilitiesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Véronique Blanchard
- Institute of Laboratory MedicineClinical Chemistry and PathobiochemistryCharite University Medicine BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax‐Planck‐Institute of Colloids and InterfacesBerlinGermany
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Neta Regev‐Rudzki
- Faculty of BiochemistryDepartment of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Oren Moscovitz
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax‐Planck‐Institute of Colloids and InterfacesBerlinGermany
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Aparici-Herraiz I, Gualdrón-López M, Castro-Cavadía CJ, Carmona-Fonseca J, Yasnot MF, Fernandez-Becerra C, del Portillo HA. Antigen Discovery in Circulating Extracellular Vesicles From Plasmodium vivax Patients. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:811390. [PMID: 35141172 PMCID: PMC8819181 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.811390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax is the most widely distributed human malaria parasite with 7 million annual clinical cases and 2.5 billion people living under risk of infection. There is an urgent need to discover new antigens for vaccination as only two vaccine candidates are currently in clinical trials. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-bound vesicles involved in intercellular communication and initially described in reticulocytes, the host cell of P. vivax, as a selective disposal mechanism of the transferrin receptor (CD71) in the maturation of reticulocytes to erythrocytes. We have recently reported the proteomics identification of P. vivax proteins associated to circulating EVs in P. vivax patients using size exclusion chromatography followed by mass spectrometry (MS). Parasite proteins were detected in only two out of ten patients. To increase the MS signal, we have implemented the direct immuno-affinity capture (DIC) technique to enrich in EVs derived from CD71-expressing cells. Remarkably, we identified parasite proteins in all patients totaling 48 proteins and including several previously identified P. vivax vaccine candidate antigens (MSP1, MSP3, MSP7, MSP9, Serine-repeat antigen 1, and HSP70) as well as membrane, cytosolic and exported proteins. Notably, a member of the Plasmodium helical interspersed sub-telomeric (PHIST-c) family and a member of the Plasmodium exported proteins, were detected in five out of six analyzed patients. Humoral immune response analysis using sera from vivax patients confirmed the antigenicity of the PHIST-c protein. Collectively, we showed that enrichment of EVs by CD71-DIC from plasma of patients, allows a robust identification of P. vivax immunogenic proteins. This study represents a significant advance in identifying new antigens for vaccination against this human malaria parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jaime Carmona-Fonseca
- Grupo de Salud y Comunidad Cesar Uribe Piedrahíta, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - María Fernanda Yasnot
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas y Biomédicas de Córdoba-GIMBIC, Universidad de Córdoba, Monteria, Colombia
| | - Carmen Fernandez-Becerra
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Carmen Fernandez-Becerra, ; Hernando A. del Portillo,
| | - Hernando A. del Portillo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Carmen Fernandez-Becerra, ; Hernando A. del Portillo,
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Rosenhek-Goldian I, Abou Karam P, Regev-Rudzki N, Rojas A. Imaging of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Plasmodium falciparum-Infected Red Blood Cells Using Atomic Force Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2470:133-145. [PMID: 35881344 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2189-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is one the most devastating infectious diseases in the world: of the five malaria-associated parasites, Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax are the most pathogenic and widespread, respectively. P. falciparum invades human red blood cells (RBCs), releasing extracellular vesicles (Pf-EV) carrying DNA, RNA and protein cargo components involved in host-pathogen communications in the course of the disease. Different strategies have been used to analyze Pf-EV biophysically and chemically. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) stands out as a powerful tool for rendering high quality images of extracellular vesicles. In this technique, a sharp tip attached to a cantilever reconstructs the topographic surface of the extracellular vesicles and probes their nano-mechanical properties based on force-distance curves. Here, we describe a method to separate Pf-EV using differential ultracentrifugation, followed by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) to quantify and estimate the size distribution. Finally, the AFM imaging procedure on Pf-EV adsorbed on a Mg2+-modified mica surface is detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irit Rosenhek-Goldian
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Paula Abou Karam
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Neta Regev-Rudzki
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alicia Rojas
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
- Laboratory of Helminthology, Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.
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40
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Fu H, Lu J, Zhang X, Wang B, Sun Y, Lei Y, Shen F, Kassegne K, Han ET, Cheng Y. Identification of the Recombinant Plasmodium vivax Surface-Related Antigen as a Possible Immune Evasion Factor Against Human Splenic Fibroblasts by Targeting ITGB1. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:764109. [PMID: 34938733 PMCID: PMC8685506 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.764109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax–infected erythrocytes can enter the spleen and evade spleen clearance to establish chronic infections. However, the mechanism underlying P. vivax immune evasion in the spleen is still unclear. Human splenic fibroblasts (HSF), also known as barrier cells, play an essential role in the immune function of spleen. A hypothesis holds that P. vivax—infected erythrocytes induce spleen structural remodeling to form barrier cells. Subsequently, these infected erythrocytes can selectively cytoadhere to these barrier cells to escape spleen clearance. In this work, we found that P. vivax surface-related antigen (PvSRA; PlasmoDB ID: PVX_084970), an exported protein on infected erythrocyte membrane, could bind with HSF. Considering the above hypothesis, we speculated that PvSRA might be involved in P. vivax immune evasion by changing HSF cell performance. To investigate this speculation, RNA sequencing, protein microarray, and bioinformatics analysis technologies were applied, and in vitro validations were further performed. The results showed that the recombinant PvSRA attracted HSF migration and interacted with HSF by targeting integrin β1 (ITGB1) along with changes in HSF cell performance, such as focal adhesion, extracellular matrix, actin cytoskeleton, and cell cycle. This study indicated that PvSRA might indeed participate in the immune evasion of P. vivax in the spleen by changing HSF function through PvSRA–ITGB1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitian Fu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Laboratory of Pathogen Infection and Immunity, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jiachen Lu
- Laboratory of Pathogen Infection and Immunity, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Yantai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yantai, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yifan Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Laboratory of Pathogen Infection and Immunity, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yao Lei
- Laboratory of Pathogen Infection and Immunity, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Feihu Shen
- Laboratory of Pathogen Infection and Immunity, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Kokouvi Kassegne
- Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, School of Global Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Eun-Taek Han
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Yang Cheng
- Laboratory of Pathogen Infection and Immunity, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Fernandez-Becerra C, Aparici-Herraiz I, Del Portillo HA. Cryptic erythrocytic infections in Plasmodium vivax, another challenge to its elimination. Parasitol Int 2021; 87:102527. [PMID: 34896615 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Human malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax infection (vivax malaria) is a major global health issue. It is the most geographically widespread form of the disease, accounting for 7 million annual clinical cases, the majority of cases in America and Asia and an estimation of over 2.5 billion people living under risk of infection. The general perception towards vivax malaria has shifted recently, following a series of reports, from being viewed as a benign infection to the recognition of its potential for more severe manifestations including fatal cases. However, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of vivax malaria remain largely unresolved. Asymptomatic carriers of malaria parasites are a major challenge for malaria elimination. In the case of P. vivax, it has been widely accepted that the only source of cryptic parasites is hypnozoite dormant stages. Here, we will review new evidence indicating that cryptic erythrocytic niches outside the liver, in particular in the spleen and bone marrow, can represent a major source of asymptomatic infections. The origin of such parasites is being controversial and many key gaps in the knowledge of such infections remain unanswered. Yet, as parasites in these niches seem to be sheltered from immune response and antimalarial drugs, research on this area should be reinforced if elimination of malaria is to be achieved. Last, we will glimpse into the role of reticulocyte-derived exosomes, extracellular vesicles of endocytic origin, as intercellular communicators likely involved in the formation of such cryptic erythrocytic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Fernandez-Becerra
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain.
| | | | - Hernando A Del Portillo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
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Opadokun T, Rohrbach P. Extracellular vesicles in malaria: an agglomeration of two decades of research. Malar J 2021; 20:442. [PMID: 34801056 PMCID: PMC8605462 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03969-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a complex parasitic disease, caused by Plasmodium spp. More than a century after the discovery of malaria parasites, this disease continues to pose a global public health problem and the pathogenesis of the severe forms of malaria remains incompletely understood. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, have been increasingly researched in the field of malaria in a bid to fill these knowledge gaps. EVs released from Plasmodium-infected red blood cells and other host cells during malaria infection are now believed to play key roles in disease pathogenesis and are suggested as vital components of the biology of Plasmodium spp. Malaria-derived EVs have been identified as potential disease biomarkers and therapeutic tools. In this review, key findings of malaria EV studies over the last 20 years are summarized and critically analysed. Outstanding areas of research into EV biology are identified. Unexplored EV research foci for the future that will contribute to consolidating the potential for EVs as agents in malaria prevention and control are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosin Opadokun
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Petra Rohrbach
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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Prasetyorini N, Erwan NE, Utomo RP, Nugraha RYB, Fitri LE. The Relationship Between Fetal Weight with Sequestration of Infected Erythrocyte, Monocyte Infiltration, and Malaria Pigment Deposition in Placenta of Mother Giving Birth Suffering from Plasmodium Vivax Infection. Med Arch 2021; 75:291-296. [PMID: 34759450 PMCID: PMC8563039 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2021.75.291-296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria in pregnancy can cause fatal complications by parasite sequestration mechanism, which can cause monocyte infiltration in the intervillous space. P. vivax infection was significantly associated with malaria pigment in the placenta, indicating past subclinical infections. Objective This study aimed to determine the mechanism of P. vivax in the pathogenesis of placental malaria and its relationship with LBW. Methods This study was observational analytic with a cross-sectional approach. Placental tissue samples were obtained from pregnant women with LBW babies during delivery in Maumere, Nusa Tenggara Timur. The samples used in this study were confirmed by a polymerase chain reaction and consisted of 25 samples with 12 positive and 13 negative samples. Placental tissue samples were made with Hematoxylin-Eosin staining and observed under 1000x magnification at 100 fields using a light microscope. Parasite density, monocyte infiltration, and parasite pigments deposition were calculated. Results Microscopic observation revealed that there was a significant difference in infected erythrocytes sequestration between groups. Interestingly, monocyte and malaria pigments accumulation were found in malaria-positive and -negative groups, and no significant difference between groups. The correlation test showed no significant relationship between monocyte infiltration and LBW in the malaria-positive and -negative group and between parasite pigments and LBW in both groups. Moreover, there was no significant correlation between parasite density and LBW in the positive and negative groups. Conclusion P. vivax infection causes acute, sub-acute, and chronic placental malaria in subclinical infected pregnant women in Maumere, Nusa Tenggara Timur that might cause an LBW baby.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nugrahanti Prasetyorini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya/dr Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia.,Malaria Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Nabila Erina Erwan
- Doctoral Program in Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.,Malaria Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Rudi Priyo Utomo
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, dr T.C. Hillers Hospital, Maumere, Sikka District, NTT, Indonesia
| | - Rivo Yudhinata Brian Nugraha
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.,Malaria Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Loeki Enggar Fitri
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.,Malaria Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
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He C, Wang L, Li L, Zhu G. Extracellular vesicle-orchestrated crosstalk between cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumors. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101231. [PMID: 34601397 PMCID: PMC8493591 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
EVs mediate the interaction between tumor and stromal cells in the TME. Tumors mediate CAF-like activation of stromal cells through EVs. CAF-derived EVs promote tumor proliferation, metastasis and therapeutic resistance.
Communication networks in the tumor microenvironment (TME) play a crucial role in tumor progression. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are among the most abundant stromal cells in the TME. Bidirectional signal transduction between cancer cells and CAFs within the TME is important for cancer development and treatment responsiveness. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying proteins, miRNAs, and other biomolecules are secreted into the extracellular matrix (ECM), which has been demonstrated to be an important communication medium between tumors and CAFs. Tumors regulate the activation of CAFs by secreting EVs. Conversely, CAFs can also affect tumor proliferation, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance through EVs. Here, we will classify EV cargoes and discuss the role of EV-mediated interactions between CAFs and tumors, reviewing current knowledge in combination with our confirmed results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanshi He
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Guiquan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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45
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Chadha A, Chadee K. The NF-κB Pathway: Modulation by Entamoeba histolytica and Other Protozoan Parasites. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:748404. [PMID: 34595137 PMCID: PMC8476871 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.748404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protozoan parasites have led to worldwide devastation because of their ability to cause infectious diseases. They have evolved as successful pathogens in part because of their remarkable and sophisticated ways to evade innate host defenses. This holds true for both intracellular and extracellular parasites that deploy multiple strategies to circumvent innate host defenses for their survival. The different strategies protozoan parasites use include hijacking the host cellular signaling pathways and transcription factors. In particular, the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway seems to be an attractive target for different pathogens owing to their central role in regulating prompt innate immune responses in host defense. NF-κB is a ubiquitous transcription factor that plays an indispensable role not only in regulating immediate immune responses against invading pathogens but is also a critical regulator of cell proliferation and survival. The major immunomodulatory components include parasite surface and secreted proteins/enzymes and stimulation of host cells intracellular pathways and inflammatory caspases that directly or indirectly interfere with the NF-κB pathway to thwart immune responses that are directed for containment and/or elimination of the pathogen. To showcase how protozoan parasites exploits the NF-κB signaling pathway, this review highlights recent advances from Entamoeba histolytica and other protozoan parasites in contact with host cells that induce outside-in and inside-out signaling to modulate NF-κB in disease pathogenesis and survival in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attinder Chadha
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kris Chadee
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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46
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Abstract
J. Kevin Baird and colleagues, examine and discuss the estimated global burden of vivax malaria and it's biological, clinical, and public health complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E. Battle
- Institute for Disease Modeling, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - J. Kevin Baird
- Eijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Eijkman Institute of Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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47
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Silva-Filho JL, Dos-Santos JC, Judice C, Beraldi D, Venugopal K, Lima D, Nakaya HI, De Paula EV, Lopes SC, Lacerda MV, Marti M, Costa FT. Total parasite biomass but not peripheral parasitaemia is associated with endothelial and haematological perturbations in Plasmodium vivax patients. eLife 2021; 10:71351. [PMID: 34585667 PMCID: PMC8536259 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax is the major cause of human malaria in the Americas. How P. vivax infection can lead to poor clinical outcomes, despite low peripheral parasitaemia, remains a matter of intense debate. Estimation of total P. vivax biomass based on circulating markers indicates existence of a predominant parasite population outside of circulation. In this study, we investigate associations between both peripheral and total parasite biomass and host response in vivax malaria. We analysed parasite and host signatures in a cohort of uncomplicated vivax malaria patients from Manaus, Brazil, combining clinical and parasite parameters, multiplexed analysis of host responses, and ex vivo assays. Patterns of clinical features, parasite burden, and host signatures measured in plasma across the patient cohort were highly heterogenous. Further data deconvolution revealed two patient clusters, here termed Vivaxlow and Vivaxhigh. These patient subgroups were defined based on differences in total parasite biomass but not peripheral parasitaemia. Overall Vivaxlow patients clustered with healthy donors and Vivaxhigh patients showed more profound alterations in haematological parameters, endothelial cell (EC) activation, and glycocalyx breakdown and levels of cytokines regulating different haematopoiesis pathways compared to Vivaxlow. Vivaxhigh patients presented more severe thrombocytopenia and lymphopenia, along with enrichment of neutrophils in the peripheral blood and increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLCR). When patients' signatures were combined, high association of total parasite biomass with a subset of markers of EC activation, thrombocytopenia, and lymphopenia severity was observed. Finally, machine learning models defined a combination of host parameters measured in the circulation that could predict the extent of parasite infection outside of circulation. Altogether, our data show that total parasite biomass is a better predictor of perturbations in host homeostasis in P. vivax patients than peripheral parasitaemia. This supports the emerging paradigm of a P. vivax tissue reservoir, particularly in the haematopoietic niche of bone marrow and spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- João L Silva-Filho
- Laboratory of Tropical Diseases - Prof. Luiz Jacintho da Silva, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - João Ck Dos-Santos
- Laboratory of Tropical Diseases - Prof. Luiz Jacintho da Silva, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Post-Graduation in Medical Pathophysiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carla Judice
- Laboratory of Tropical Diseases - Prof. Luiz Jacintho da Silva, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Dario Beraldi
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kannan Venugopal
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Diogenes Lima
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helder I Nakaya
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erich V De Paula
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Stefanie Cp Lopes
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Institute Leônidas & Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Manaus, Brazil.,Tropical Medicine Foundation Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vg Lacerda
- Institute Leônidas & Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Manaus, Brazil.,Tropical Medicine Foundation Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Matthias Marti
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Tm Costa
- Laboratory of Tropical Diseases - Prof. Luiz Jacintho da Silva, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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48
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Novoa-Herrán S. Challenges and opportunities in the study of extracellular vesicles: Global institutional context and national state of the art. BIOMEDICA : REVISTA DEL INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD 2021; 41:555-589. [PMID: 34559503 PMCID: PMC8519601 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.5749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, the number of studies and publications on extracellular vesicles (EV) and exosomes has boomed. Colombia has displayed interest and progress in their study as shown in the increase of research project publications and products. However, this research field is still developing and has its own analytical challenges and technical limitations. For planning research projects and developing EV studies it is necessary to consider what is the state of the scientific field worldwide concerning EV nomenclature and classification, available techniques, resources, requirements and quality specifications, and the institutions that regulate the field. Answering this question will elicit EV studies that comply with international standards and respond to institutional demands and recommendations. However, the scientific information available is scattered and not all the aspects are considered in full. In this update, the available information is condensed and the official terms and currently defined nomenclature is presented, as well as the evolution of the field, the homogenization of the experimental parameters, the establishment of scientific authorities, institutions, and resources, and the recommendations generated worldwide for their development and research including their isolation, characterization, and functional studies. Finally, I analyzed the national context in a critical way, considering institutional strengths, common mistakes, and available analytical techniques and technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Novoa-Herrán
- Grupo de Fisiología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
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49
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Ofir-Birin Y, Ben Ami Pilo H, Cruz Camacho A, Rudik A, Rivkin A, Revach OY, Nir N, Block Tamin T, Abou Karam P, Kiper E, Peleg Y, Nevo R, Solomon A, Havkin-Solomon T, Rojas A, Rotkopf R, Porat Z, Avni D, Schwartz E, Zillinger T, Hartmann G, Di Pizio A, Quashie NB, Dikstein R, Gerlic M, Torrecilhas AC, Levy C, Nolte-'t Hoen ENM, Bowie AG, Regev-Rudzki N. Malaria parasites both repress host CXCL10 and use it as a cue for growth acceleration. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4851. [PMID: 34381047 PMCID: PMC8357946 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24997-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens are thought to use host molecular cues to control when to initiate life-cycle transitions, but these signals are mostly unknown, particularly for the parasitic disease malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. The chemokine CXCL10 is present at high levels in fatal cases of cerebral malaria patients, but is reduced in patients who survive and do not have complications. Here we show a Pf 'decision-sensing-system' controlled by CXCL10 concentration. High CXCL10 expression prompts P. falciparum to initiate a survival strategy via growth acceleration. Remarkably, P. falciparum inhibits CXCL10 synthesis in monocytes by disrupting the association of host ribosomes with CXCL10 transcripts. The underlying inhibition cascade involves RNA cargo delivery into monocytes that triggers RIG-I, which leads to HUR1 binding to an AU-rich domain of the CXCL10 3'UTR. These data indicate that when the parasite can no longer keep CXCL10 at low levels, it can exploit the chemokine as a cue to shift tactics and escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifat Ofir-Birin
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hila Ben Ami Pilo
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Abel Cruz Camacho
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ariel Rudik
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anna Rivkin
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Or-Yam Revach
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Netta Nir
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tal Block Tamin
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Paula Abou Karam
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Edo Kiper
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoav Peleg
- Structural Proteomics Unit, Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities (LSCF), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Reinat Nevo
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Aryeh Solomon
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tal Havkin-Solomon
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alicia Rojas
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ron Rotkopf
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ziv Porat
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dror Avni
- The Institute of Geographic Medicine and Tropical Diseases and the Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eli Schwartz
- The Institute of Geographic Medicine and Tropical Diseases and the Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Thomas Zillinger
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gunther Hartmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Antonella Di Pizio
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Neils Ben Quashie
- Epidemiology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
- Centre for Tropical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Rivka Dikstein
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Motti Gerlic
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ana Claudia Torrecilhas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Carmit Levy
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Esther N M Nolte-'t Hoen
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew G Bowie
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Neta Regev-Rudzki
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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50
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De Sousa KP, Potriquet J, Mulvenna J, Sotillo J, Groves PL, Loukas A, Apte SH, Doolan DL. Proteomic identification of the contents of small extracellular vesicles from in vivo Plasmodium yoelii infection. Int J Parasitol 2021; 52:35-45. [PMID: 34339723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, are formed by the endocytic pathway and contain genetic and protein material which reflect the contents of their cells of origin. These contents have a role in vesicle-mediated information transfer, as well as physiological and pathological functions. Thus, these vesicles are of great interest as therapeutic targets, or as vehicles for immunomodulatory control. In Plasmodium spp. infections, vesicles derived from the parasite or parasite-infected cells have been shown to induce the expression of pro-inflammatory elements, which have been correlated with manifestations of clinical disease. Herein, we characterised the protein cargo of naturally occurring sEVs in the plasma of P. yoelii-infected mice. After in vivo infections, extracellular vesicles in the size range of exosomes were collected by sequential centrifugation/ultracentrifugation followed by isopycnic gradient separation. Analysis of the vesicles was performed by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, SDS-PAGE and flow cytometry. LC-MS analysis followed by bioinformatics analysis predicted parasite protein cargo associated with exosomes. Within these small extracellular vesicles, we identified proteins of interest as vaccine candidates, uncharacterized proteins which may be targets of T cell immunoreactivity, and proteins involved in metabolic processes, regulation, homeostasis and immunity. Importantly, the small extracellular vesicles studied in our work were obtained from in vivo infection rather than from the supernatant of in vitro cultures. These findings add to the growing interest in parasite small extracellular vesicles, further our understanding of the interactions between host and parasite, and identify novel proteins which may represent potential targets for vaccination against malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina P De Sousa
- Infectious Diseases Programme, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Jeremy Potriquet
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns QLD 4878 Australia
| | - Jason Mulvenna
- Infectious Diseases Programme, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Javier Sotillo
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns QLD 4878 Australia; Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Penny L Groves
- Infectious Diseases Programme, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Alex Loukas
- Infectious Diseases Programme, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Simon H Apte
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns QLD 4878 Australia
| | - Denise L Doolan
- Infectious Diseases Programme, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns QLD 4878 Australia.
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