1
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Wu L, Li J, Zou J, Tang D, Chen R. Vagus nerve modulates acute-on-chronic liver failure progression via CXCL9. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024:00029330-990000000-01123. [PMID: 38945689 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic inflammatory cell accumulation and the subsequent systematic inflammation drive acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) development. Previous studies showed that the vagus nerve exerts anti-inflammatory activity in many inflammatory diseases. Here, we aimed to identify the key molecule mediating the inflammatory process in ACLF and reveal the neuroimmune communication arising from the vagus nerve and immunological disorders of ACLF. METHODS Proteomic analysis was performed and validated in ACLF model mice or patients, and intervention animal experiments were conducted using neutralizing antibodies. PNU-282987 (acetylcholine receptor agonist) and vagotomy were applied for perturbing vagus nerve activity. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), flow cytometry, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining, and CRISPR/Cas9 technology were used for in vivo or in vitro mechanistic studies. RESULTS The unbiased proteomics identified C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL9) as the greatest differential protein in the livers of mice with ACLF and its relation to the systematic inflammation and mortality were confirmed in patients with ACLF. Interventions on CXCL9 and its receptor C-X-C chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) improved liver injury and decreased mortality of ACLF mice, which were related to the suppressing of hepatic immune cells' accumulation and activation. Vagus nerve stimulation attenuated while vagotomy aggravated the expression of CXCL9 and the severity of ACLF. Blocking CXCL9 and CXCR3 ameliorated liver inflammation and increased ACLF-associated mortality in ACLF mice with vagotomy. scRNA-seq revealed that hepatic macrophages served as the major source of CXCL9 in ACLF and were validated by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry analysis. Notably, the expression of CXCL9 in macrophages was modulated by vagus nerve-mediated cholinergic signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our novel findings highlighted that the neuroimmune communication of the vagus nerve-macrophage-CXCL9 axis contributed to ACLF development. These results provided evidence for neuromodulation as a promising approach for preventing and treating ACLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jie Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Ju Zou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ruochan Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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2
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Hashsham A, Kodur N, Su J, Tomlinson AJ, Yacawych WT, Flak JN, Lewis KT, Oles LR, Mori H, Bozadjieva-Kramer N, Turcu AF, MacDougald OA, Myers MG, Affinati AH. Control of Physiologic Glucose Homeostasis via the Hypothalamic Modulation of Gluconeogenic Substrate Availability. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.20.594873. [PMID: 38826340 PMCID: PMC11142065 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.20.594873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The brain augments glucose production during fasting, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we show that Cckbr-expressing neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMNCckbr cells) prevent low blood glucose during fasting through sympathetic nervous system (SNS)-mediated augmentation of adipose tissue lipolysis and substrate release. Activating VMNCckbr neurons mobilized gluconeogenic substrates without altering glycogenolysis or gluconeogenic enzyme expression. Silencing these cells (CckbrTetTox animals) reduced fasting blood glucose, impaired lipolysis, and decreased circulating glycerol (but not other gluconeogenic substrates) despite normal insulin, counterregulatory hormones, liver glycogen, and liver gluconeogenic gene expression. Furthermore, β3-adrenergic adipose tissue stimulation in CckbrTetTox animals restored lipolysis and blood glucose. Hence, VMNCckbr neurons impact blood glucose not by controlling islet or liver physiology, but rather by mobilizing gluconeogenic substrates. These findings establish a central role for hypothalamic and SNS signaling during normal glucose homeostasis and highlight the importance of gluconeogenic substrate mobilization during physiologic fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Hashsham
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Nandan Kodur
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jiaao Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Warren T. Yacawych
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jon N. Flak
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Kenneth T. Lewis
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Lily R. Oles
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Hiroyuki Mori
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Nadejda Bozadjieva-Kramer
- Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System; Research Service, Ann Arbor, MI
- University of Michigan, Department of Surgery; Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Adina F. Turcu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ormond A. MacDougald
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Martin G. Myers
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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3
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Coverdell TC, Abbott SBG, Campbell JN. Molecular cell types as functional units of the efferent vagus nerve. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:210-218. [PMID: 37507330 PMCID: PMC10811285 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The vagus nerve vitally connects the brain and body to coordinate digestive, cardiorespiratory, and immune functions. Its efferent neurons, which project their axons from the brainstem to the viscera, are thought to comprise "functional units" - neuron populations dedicated to the control of specific vagal reflexes or organ functions. Previous research indicates that these functional units differ from one another anatomically, neurochemically, and physiologically but have yet to define their identity in an experimentally tractable way. However, recent work with genetic technology and single-cell genomics suggests that genetically distinct subtypes of neurons may be the functional units of the efferent vagus. Here we review how these approaches are revealing the organizational principles of the efferent vagus in unprecedented detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana C Coverdell
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Stephen B G Abbott
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - John N Campbell
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
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4
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De Solis AJ, Del Río-Martín A, Radermacher J, Chen W, Steuernagel L, Bauder CA, Eggersmann FR, Morgan DA, Cremer AL, Sué M, Germer M, Kukat C, Vollmar S, Backes H, Rahmouni K, Kloppenburg P, Brüning JC. Reciprocal activity of AgRP and POMC neurons governs coordinated control of feeding and metabolism. Nat Metab 2024; 6:473-493. [PMID: 38378998 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-00987-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Agouti-related peptide (AgRP)-expressing and proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-expressing neurons reciprocally regulate food intake. Here, we combine non-interacting recombinases to simultaneously express functionally opposing chemogenetic receptors in AgRP and POMC neurons for comparing metabolic responses in male and female mice with simultaneous activation of AgRP and inhibition of POMC neurons with isolated activation of AgRP neurons or isolated inhibition of POMC neurons. We show that food intake is regulated by the additive effect of AgRP neuron activation and POMC neuron inhibition, while systemic insulin sensitivity and gluconeogenesis are differentially modulated by isolated-versus-simultaneous regulation of AgRP and POMC neurons. We identify a neurocircuit engaging Npy1R-expressing neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, where activated AgRP neurons and inhibited POMC neurons cooperate to promote food consumption and activate Th+ neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarii. Collectively, these results unveil how food intake is precisely regulated by the simultaneous bidirectional interplay between AgRP and POMC neurocircuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain J De Solis
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Almudena Del Río-Martín
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Radermacher
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Zoology, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Weiyi Chen
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lukas Steuernagel
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Corinna A Bauder
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fynn R Eggersmann
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Zoology, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Donald A Morgan
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Anna-Lena Cremer
- Multimodal Imaging of Brain Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Sué
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maximilian Germer
- FACS & Imaging Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Kukat
- FACS & Imaging Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Vollmar
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heiko Backes
- Multimodal Imaging of Brain Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kamal Rahmouni
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Peter Kloppenburg
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Zoology, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens C Brüning
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- National Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
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5
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Sharma KR, Colvis CM, Rodgers GP, Sheeley DM. Illuminating the druggable genome: Pathways to progress. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103805. [PMID: 37890715 PMCID: PMC10939933 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
There are ∼4500 genes within the 'druggable genome', the subset of the human genome that expresses proteins able to bind drug-like molecules, yet existing drugs only target a few hundred. A substantial subset of druggable proteins are largely uncharacterized or understudied, with many falling within G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), ion channel, and kinase protein families. To improve scientific understanding of these three understudied protein families, the US National Institutes of Health launched the Illuminating the Druggable Genome Program. Now, as the program draws to a close, this review will lay out resources developed by the program that are intended to equip the scientific community with the tools necessary to explore previously understudied biology with the potential to rapidly impact human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlie R Sharma
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 6701 Democracy Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Christine M Colvis
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 6701 Democracy Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Griffin P Rodgers
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Douglas M Sheeley
- Office of Strategic Coordination, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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6
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Hwang J, Okada J, Liu L, Pessin JE, Schwartz GJ, Jo YH. Loss of the brain-liver axis prevents hepatic steatosis in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.03.565494. [PMID: 38260695 PMCID: PMC10802435 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.03.565494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic lipid metabolism is regulated by the autonomic nervous system of the liver, with the sympathetic innervation being extensively studied, while the parasympathetic efferent innervation is less understood despite its potential importance. In this study, we investigate the consequences of disrupted brain-liver communication on hepatic lipid metabolism in mice exposed to obesogenic conditions. We found that a subset of hepatocytes and the bile duct are innervated by parasympathetic nerves originating from the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. The elimination of the brain-liver axis by deleting parasympathetic cholinergic neurons innervating the liver prevents hepatic steatosis and promots browning of inguinal white adipose tissue (ingWAT). The loss of the brain-liver axis also raises hepatic Cyp7b1 expression and fasting serum bile acid levels. Furthermore, knockdown of the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 gene in ingWAT reverses the beneficial effects of the loss of the brain-liver axis, leading to the reappearance of hepatic steatosis in the experimental groups. However, deleting the brain-liver axis has a small but significant effect on body weight, which is accompanied by an increase in energy expenditure. Therefore, altering parasympathetic cholinergic innervation of the liver could offer a potential therapeutic approach for enhancing hepatic lipid metabolism in obesity and diabetes.
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7
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Zsombok A, Desmoulins LD, Derbenev AV. Sympathetic circuits regulating hepatic glucose metabolism: where we stand. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:85-101. [PMID: 37440208 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00005.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, continues to increase worldwide. Although newer and more advanced therapies are available, current treatments are still inadequate and the search for solutions remains. The regulation of energy homeostasis, including glucose metabolism, involves an exchange of information between the nervous systems and peripheral organs and tissues; therefore, developing treatments to alter central and/or peripheral neural pathways could be an alternative solution to modulate whole body metabolism. Liver glucose production and storage are major mechanisms controlling glycemia, and the autonomic nervous system plays an important role in the regulation of hepatic functions. Autonomic nervous system imbalance contributes to excessive hepatic glucose production and thus to the development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus. At cellular levels, change in neuronal activity is one of the underlying mechanisms of autonomic imbalance; therefore, modulation of the excitability of neurons involved in autonomic outflow governance has the potential to improve glycemic status. Tissue-specific subsets of preautonomic neurons differentially control autonomic outflow; therefore, detailed information about neural circuits and properties of liver-related neurons is necessary for the development of strategies to regulate liver functions via the autonomic nerves. This review provides an overview of our current understanding of the hypothalamus-ventral brainstem-liver pathway involved in the sympathetic regulation of the liver, outlines strategies to identify organ-related neurons, and summarizes neuronal plasticity during diabetic conditions with a particular focus on liver-related neurons in the paraventricular nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zsombok
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Lucie D Desmoulins
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Andrei V Derbenev
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
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8
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刘 洪, 王 卫. [Research advances in neuromodulation techniques for blood glucose regulation and diabetes intervention]. SHENG WU YI XUE GONG CHENG XUE ZA ZHI = JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING = SHENGWU YIXUE GONGCHENGXUE ZAZHI 2023; 40:1227-1234. [PMID: 38151947 PMCID: PMC10753312 DOI: 10.7507/1001-5515.202307019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and its complications that seriously threaten the health and life of human, has become a public health problem of global concern. Glycemic control remains a major focus in the treatment and management of patients with diabetes. The traditional lifestyle interventions, drug therapies, and surgeries have benefited many patients with diabetes. However, due to problems such as poor patient compliance, drug side effects, and limited surgical indications, there are still patients who fail to effectively control their blood glucose levels. With the development of bioelectronic medicine, neuromodulation techniques have shown great potential in the field of glycemic control and diabetes intervention with its unique advantages. This paper mainly reviewed the research advances and latest achievements of neuromodulation technologies such as peripheral nerve electrical stimulation, ultrasound neuromodulation, and optogenetics in blood glucose regulation and diabetes intervention, analyzed the existing problems and presented prospects for the future development trend to promote clinical research and application of neuromodulation technologies in the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- 洪运 刘
- 中国人民解放军总医院 医学创新研究部 生物工程研究中心(北京 100853)Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Medical Innovation & Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P. R. China
- 工业和信息化部生物医学工程与转化医学重点实验室(北京 100853)Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing 100853, P. R. China
| | - 卫东 王
- 中国人民解放军总医院 医学创新研究部 生物工程研究中心(北京 100853)Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Medical Innovation & Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P. R. China
- 工业和信息化部生物医学工程与转化医学重点实验室(北京 100853)Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing 100853, P. R. China
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9
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Mirabella PN, Fenselau H. Advanced neurobiological tools to interrogate metabolism. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2023; 19:639-654. [PMID: 37674015 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00885-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Engineered neurobiological tools for the manipulation of cellular activity, such as chemogenetics and optogenetics, have become a cornerstone of modern neuroscience research. These tools are invaluable for the interrogation of the central control of metabolism as they provide a direct means to establish a causal relationship between brain activity and biological processes at the cellular, tissue and organismal levels. The utility of these methods has grown substantially due to advances in cellular-targeting strategies, alongside improvements in the resolution and potency of such tools. Furthermore, the potential to recapitulate endogenous cellular signalling has been enriched by insights into the molecular signatures and activity dynamics of discrete brain cell types. However, each modulatory tool has a specific set of advantages and limitations; therefore, tool selection and suitability are of paramount importance to optimally interrogate the cellular and circuit-based underpinnings of metabolic outcomes within the organism. Here, we describe the key principles and uses of engineered neurobiological tools. We also highlight inspiring applications and outline critical considerations to be made when using these tools within the field of metabolism research. We contend that the appropriate application of these biotechnological advances will enable the delineation of the central circuitry regulating systemic metabolism with unprecedented potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Nicholas Mirabella
- Synaptic Transmission in Energy Homeostasis Group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Henning Fenselau
- Synaptic Transmission in Energy Homeostasis Group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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10
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Joung HY, Oh JM, Song MS, Kwon YB, Chun S. Selegiline Modulates Lipid Metabolism by Activating AMPK Pathways of Epididymal White Adipose Tissues in HFD-Fed Obese Mice. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2539. [PMID: 38004519 PMCID: PMC10675427 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, as a major cause of many chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, is among the most serious health problems. Increased monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity has been observed in the adipose tissue of obese humans and animals. Although previous studies have already demonstrated the potential of MAO-B inhibitors as a treatment for this condition, the mechanism of their effect has been insufficiently elucidated. In this study, we investigated the anti-obesity effect of selegiline, a selective MAO-B inhibitor, using in vivo animal models. The effect was evaluated through an assessment of body energy homeostasis, glucose tolerance tests, and biochemical analysis. Pharmacological inhibition of MAO-B by selegiline was observed to reduce body weight and fat accumulation, and improved glucose metabolism without a corresponding change in food intake, in HFD-fed obese mice. We also observed that both the expression of adipogenenic markers, including C/EBPα and FABP4, and lipogenic markers such as pACC were significantly reduced in epididymal white adipose tissues (eWATs). Conversely, increased expression of lipolytic markers such as ATGL and pHSL and AMPK phosphorylation were noted. Treating obese mice with selegiline significantly increased expression levels of UCP1 and promoted eWAT browning, indicating increased energy expenditure. These results suggest that selegiline, by inhibiting MAO-B activity, is a potential anti-obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Joung
- Department of Physiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea; (H.-Y.J.); (J.-M.O.)
| | - Jung-Mi Oh
- Department of Physiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea; (H.-Y.J.); (J.-M.O.)
- Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Suk Song
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea;
| | - Young-Bae Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sungkun Chun
- Department of Physiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea; (H.-Y.J.); (J.-M.O.)
- Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
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11
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Hyun U, Kweon YY, Sohn JW. Insulin Preferentially Regulates the Activity of Parasympathetic Preganglionic Neurons over Sympathetic Preganglionic Neurons. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2023; 38:545-556. [PMID: 37749826 PMCID: PMC10613773 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2023.1725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND Insulin is a peptide hormone that regulates post-prandial physiology, and it is well known that insulin controls homeostasis at least in part via the central nervous system. In particular, insulin alters the activity of neurons within the autonomic nervous system. However, currently available data are mostly from unidentified brainstem neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMV). METHODS In this study, we used several genetically engineered mouse models to label distinct populations of neurons within the brainstem and the spinal cord for whole-cell patch clamp recordings and to assess several in vivo metabolic functions. RESULTS We first confirmed that insulin directly inhibited cholinergic (parasympathetic preganglionic) neurons in the DMV. We also found inhibitory effects of insulin on both the excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents recorded in DMV cholinergic neurons. In addition, GABAergic neurons of the DMV and nucleus tractus solitarius were inhibited by insulin. However, insulin had no effects on the cholinergic sympathetic preganglionic neurons of the spinal cord. Finally, we obtained results suggesting that the insulininduced inhibition of parasympathetic preganglionic neurons may not play a critical role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and gastrointestinal motility. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that insulin inhibits parasympathetic neuronal circuitry in the brainstem, while not affecting sympathetic neuronal activity in the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uisu Hyun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yoon Young Kweon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jong-Woo Sohn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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12
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Haspula D, Cui Z. Neurochemical Basis of Inter-Organ Crosstalk in Health and Obesity: Focus on the Hypothalamus and the Brainstem. Cells 2023; 12:1801. [PMID: 37443835 PMCID: PMC10341274 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise neural regulation is required for maintenance of energy homeostasis. Essential to this are the hypothalamic and brainstem nuclei which are located adjacent and supra-adjacent to the circumventricular organs. They comprise multiple distinct neuronal populations which receive inputs not only from other brain regions, but also from circulating signals such as hormones, nutrients, metabolites and postprandial signals. Hence, they are ideally placed to exert a multi-tier control over metabolism. The neuronal sub-populations present in these key metabolically relevant nuclei regulate various facets of energy balance which includes appetite/satiety control, substrate utilization by peripheral organs and glucose homeostasis. In situations of heightened energy demand or excess, they maintain energy homeostasis by restoring the balance between energy intake and expenditure. While research on the metabolic role of the central nervous system has progressed rapidly, the neural circuitry and molecular mechanisms involved in regulating distinct metabolic functions have only gained traction in the last few decades. The focus of this review is to provide an updated summary of the mechanisms by which the various neuronal subpopulations, mainly located in the hypothalamus and the brainstem, regulate key metabolic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanush Haspula
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhenzhong Cui
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
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13
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Zolotarev VA, Murovets VO, Sepp AL, Sozontov EA, Lukina EA, Khropycheva RP, Pestereva NS, Ivleva IS, El Mehdi M, Lahaye E, Chartrel N, Fetissov SO. Protein Extract of a Probiotic Strain of Hafnia alvei and Bacterial ClpB Protein Improve Glucose Tolerance in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10590. [PMID: 37445766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A commercial strain of Hafnia alvei (H. alvei) 4597 bacteria was shown to reduce food intake and promote weight loss, effects possibly induced by the bacterial protein ClpB, an antigen-mimetic of the anorexigenic α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. A decrease in the basal plasma glucose levels was also observed in overweight fasted humans and mice receiving H. alvei. However, it is not known whether H. alvei influences sweet taste preference and whether its protein extract or ClpB are sufficient to increase glucose tolerance; these are the objectives tested in the present study. C57BL/6J male mice were kept under standard diet and were gavaged daily for 17 days with a suspension of H. alvei (4.5 × 107 CFU/animal) or with H. alvei total protein extract (5 μg/animal) or saline as a control. Sweet taste preference was analyzed via a brief-access licking test with sucrose solution. Glucose tolerance tests (GTT) were performed after the intraperitoneal (IP) or intragastric (IG) glucose administration at the 9th and 15th days of gavage, respectively. The expression of regulatory peptides' mRNA levels was assayed in the hypothalamus. In another experiment performed in non-treated C57BL/6J male mice, effects of acute IP administration of recombinant ClpB protein on glucose tolerance were studied by both IP- and IG-GTT. Mice treated with the H. alvei protein extract showed an improved glucose tolerance in IP-GTT but not in IG-GTT. Both groups treated with H. alvei bacteria or protein extract showed a reduction of pancreatic tissue weight but without significant changes to basal plasma insulin. No significant effects of H. alvei bacteria or its total protein extract administration were observed on the sweet taste preference, insulin tolerance and expression of regulatory peptides' mRNA in the hypothalamus. Acute administration of ClpB in non-treated mice increased glucose tolerance during the IP-GTT but not the IG-GTT, and reduced basal plasma glucose levels. We conclude that both the H. alvei protein extract introduced orally and the ClpB protein administered via IP improve glucose tolerance probably by acting at the glucose postabsorptive level. Moreover, H. alvei probiotic does not seem to influence the sweet taste preference. These results justify future testing of both the H. alvei protein extract and ClpB protein in animal models of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliy A Zolotarev
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir O Murovets
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasiya L Sepp
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Egor A Sozontov
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Lukina
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Raisa P Khropycheva
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nina S Pestereva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina S Ivleva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mouna El Mehdi
- Inserm UMR1239 Laboratory, Team: Regulatory Peptides-Energy Metabolism and Motivated Behavior, University of Rouen Normandie, 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Emilie Lahaye
- Inserm UMR1239 Laboratory, Team: Regulatory Peptides-Energy Metabolism and Motivated Behavior, University of Rouen Normandie, 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Nicolas Chartrel
- Inserm UMR1239 Laboratory, Team: Regulatory Peptides-Energy Metabolism and Motivated Behavior, University of Rouen Normandie, 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Sergueï O Fetissov
- Inserm UMR1239 Laboratory, Team: Regulatory Peptides-Energy Metabolism and Motivated Behavior, University of Rouen Normandie, 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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14
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Deng K, Tang Y, Xiao Y, Zhong D, Zhang H, Fang W, Shen L, Wang Z, Pan J, Lu Y, Chen C, Gao Y, Jin Q, Zhuang L, Wan H, Zhuang L, Wang P, Zhai J, Ren T, Hu Q, Lang M, Zhang Y, Wang H, Zhou M, Gao C, Zhang L, Zhu Y. A biodegradable, flexible photonic patch for in vivo phototherapy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3069. [PMID: 37244895 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38554-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diagnostic and therapeutic illumination on internal organs and tissues with high controllability and adaptability in terms of spectrum, area, depth, and intensity remains a major challenge. Here, we present a flexible, biodegradable photonic device called iCarP with a micrometer scale air gap between a refractive polyester patch and the embedded removable tapered optical fiber. ICarP combines the advantages of light diffraction by the tapered optical fiber, dual refractions in the air gap, and reflection inside the patch to obtain a bulb-like illumination, guiding light towards target tissue. We show that iCarP achieves large area, high intensity, wide spectrum, continuous or pulsatile, deeply penetrating illumination without puncturing the target tissues and demonstrate that it supports phototherapies with different photosensitizers. We find that the photonic device is compatible with thoracoscopy-based minimally invasive implantation onto beating hearts. These initial results show that iCarP could be a safe, precise and widely applicable device suitable for internal organs and tissue illumination and associated diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaicheng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yao Tang
- Research Center for Humanoid Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yan Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Danni Zhong
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wen Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Liyin Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zhaochuang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jiazhen Pan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuwen Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Changming Chen
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yun Gao
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiao Jin
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lenan Zhuang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hao Wan
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Liujing Zhuang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Junfeng Zhai
- Institute of Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Tanchen Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Qiaoling Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Meidong Lang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, 94121, USA
| | - Huanan Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400, China.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
| | - Changyou Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Research Center for Humanoid Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Yang Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
- Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
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15
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Sun H, Lin W, Tang Y, Tu H, Chen T, Zhou J, Wang D, Xu Q, Niu J, Dong W, Liu S, Ni X, Yang W, Zhao Y, Ying L, Zhang J, Li X, Mohammadi M, Shen WL, Huang Z. Sustained remission of type 2 diabetes in rodents by centrally administered fibroblast growth factor 4. Cell Metab 2023:S1550-4131(23)00172-9. [PMID: 37167965 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major health and economic burden worldwide. Despite the availability of multiple drugs for short-term management, sustained remission of T2D is currently not achievable pharmacologically. Intracerebroventricular administration of fibroblast growth factor 1 (icvFGF1) induces sustained remission in T2D rodents, propelling intense research efforts to understand its mechanism of action. Whether other FGFs possess similar therapeutic benefits is currently unknown. Here, we show that icvFGF4 also elicits a sustained antidiabetic effect in both male db/db mice and diet-induced obese mice by activating FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) expressed in glucose-sensing neurons within the mediobasal hypothalamus. Specifically, FGF4 excites glucose-excited (GE) neurons while inhibiting glucose-inhibited (GI) neurons. Moreover, icvFGF4 restores the percentage of GI neurons in db/db mice. Importantly, intranasal delivery of FGF4 alleviates hyperglycemia in db/db mice, paving the way for non-invasive therapy. We conclude that icvFGF4 holds significant therapeutic potential for achieving sustained remission of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology & Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health) & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Thermoregulation and Inflammation of Sichuan Higher Education Institutes, Department of Physiology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Hongqing Tu
- School of Life Science and Technology & Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ting Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology & Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health) & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Dezhong Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health) & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Qingqing Xu
- Biology Science Institutes, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jianlou Niu
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health) & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Wenliya Dong
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health) & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Sidan Liu
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health) & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xinyan Ni
- School of Life Science and Technology & Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wen Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology & Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yingzheng Zhao
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health) & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Lei Ying
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health) & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Thermoregulation and Inflammation of Sichuan Higher Education Institutes, Department of Physiology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health) & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Moosa Mohammadi
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health) & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Wei L Shen
- School of Life Science and Technology & Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Zhifeng Huang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health) & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
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16
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Martinez-Sanchez N, Sweeney O, Sidarta-Oliveira D, Caron A, Stanley SA, Domingos AI. The sympathetic nervous system in the 21st century: Neuroimmune interactions in metabolic homeostasis and obesity. Neuron 2022; 110:3597-3626. [PMID: 36327900 PMCID: PMC9986959 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system maintains metabolic homeostasis by orchestrating the activity of organs such as the pancreas, liver, and white and brown adipose tissues. From the first renderings by Thomas Willis to contemporary techniques for visualization, tracing, and functional probing of axonal arborizations within organs, our understanding of the sympathetic nervous system has started to grow beyond classical models. In the present review, we outline the evolution of these findings and provide updated neuroanatomical maps of sympathetic innervation. We offer an autonomic framework for the neuroendocrine loop of leptin action, and we discuss the role of immune cells in regulating sympathetic terminals and metabolism. We highlight potential anti-obesity therapeutic approaches that emerge from the modern appreciation of SNS as a neural network vis a vis the historical fear of sympathomimetic pharmacology, while shifting focus from post- to pre-synaptic targeting. Finally, we critically appraise the field and where it needs to go.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Owen Sweeney
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Davi Sidarta-Oliveira
- Physician-Scientist Graduate Program, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Caron
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sarah A Stanley
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ana I Domingos
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK.
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17
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Choi Y, Min HY, Hwang J, Jo YH. Magel2 knockdown in hypothalamic POMC neurons innervating the medial amygdala reduces susceptibility to diet-induced obesity. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/11/e202201502. [PMID: 36007929 PMCID: PMC9418835 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperphagia and obesity profoundly affect the health of children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). The Magel2 gene among the genes in the Prader-Willi syndrome deletion region is expressed in proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC). Knockout of the Magel2 gene disrupts POMC neuronal circuits and functions. Here, we report that loss of the Magel2 gene exclusively in ARCPOMC neurons innervating the medial amygdala (MeA) causes a reduction in body weight in both male and female mice fed with a high-fat diet. This anti-obesity effect is associated with an increased locomotor activity. There are no significant differences in glucose and insulin tolerance in mice without the Magel2 gene in ARCPOMC neurons innervating the MeA. Plasma estrogen levels are higher in female mutant mice than in controls. Blockade of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), but not estrogen receptor-α (ER-α), reduces locomotor activity in female mutant mice. Hence, our study provides evidence that knockdown of the Magel2 gene in ARCPOMC neurons innervating the MeA reduces susceptibility to diet-induced obesity with increased locomotor activity through activation of central GPER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Choi
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Hyeon-Young Min
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Jiyeon Hwang
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Young-Hwan Jo
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA .,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
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18
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Conde K, Kulyk D, Vanschaik A, Daisey S, Rojas C, Wiersielis K, Yasrebi A, Degroat TJ, Sun Y, Roepke TA. Deletion of Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor in Kisspeptin Neurons in Female Mice Blocks Diet-Induced Obesity. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1370. [PMID: 36291579 PMCID: PMC9599822 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut peptide, ghrelin, mediates energy homeostasis and reproduction by acting through its receptor, growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), expressed in hypothalamic neurons in the arcuate (ARC). We have shown 17β-estradiol (E2) increases Ghsr expression in Kisspeptin/Neurokinin B/Dynorphin (KNDy) neurons, enhancing sensitivity to ghrelin. We hypothesized that E2-induced Ghsr expression augments KNDy sensitivity in a fasting state by elevating ghrelin to disrupt energy expenditure in females. We produced a Kiss1-GHSR knockout to determine the role of GHSR in ARC KNDy neurons. We found that changes in ARC gene expression with estradiol benzoate (EB) treatment were abrogated by the deletion of GHSR and ghrelin abolished these differences. We also observed changes in metabolism and fasting glucose levels. Additionally, knockouts were resistant to body weight gain on a high fat diet (HFD). Behaviorally, we found that knockouts on HFD exhibited reduced anxiety-like behavior. Furthermore, knockouts did not refeed to the same extent as controls after a 24 h fast. Finally, in response to cold stress, knockout females had elevated metabolic parameters compared to controls. These data indicate GHSR in Kiss1 neurons modulate ARC gene expression, metabolism, glucose homeostasis, behavior, and thermoregulation, illustrating a novel mechanism for E2 and ghrelin to control Kiss1 neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristie Conde
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Danielle Kulyk
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Allison Vanschaik
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Sierra Daisey
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Catherine Rojas
- Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Kimberly Wiersielis
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ali Yasrebi
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Thomas J. Degroat
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Troy A. Roepke
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, the Center for Nutrition, Microbiome, and Health, and the New Jersey Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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19
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Katashima CK, de Oliveira Micheletti T, Braga RR, Gaspar RS, Goeminne LJE, Moura-Assis A, Crisol BM, Brícola RS, Silva VRR, de Oliveira Ramos C, da Rocha AL, Tavares MR, Simabuco FM, Matheus VA, Buscaratti L, Marques-Souza H, Pazos P, Gonzalez-Touceda D, Tovar S, del Carmen García M, Neto JCR, Curi R, Hirabara SM, Brum PC, Prada PO, de Moura LP, Pauli JR, da Silva ASR, Cintra DE, Velloso LA, Ropelle ER. Evidence for a neuromuscular circuit involving hypothalamic interleukin-6 in the control of skeletal muscle metabolism. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm7355. [PMID: 35905178 PMCID: PMC9337767 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm7355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Hypothalamic interleukin-6 (IL6) exerts a broad metabolic control. Here, we demonstrated that IL6 activates the ERK1/2 pathway in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), stimulating AMPK/ACC signaling and fatty acid oxidation in mouse skeletal muscle. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the hypothalamic IL6/ERK1/2 axis is closely associated with fatty acid oxidation- and mitochondrial-related genes in the skeletal muscle of isogenic BXD mouse strains and humans. We showed that the hypothalamic IL6/ERK1/2 pathway requires the α2-adrenergic pathway to modify fatty acid skeletal muscle metabolism. To address the physiological relevance of these findings, we demonstrated that this neuromuscular circuit is required to underpin AMPK/ACC signaling activation and fatty acid oxidation after exercise. Last, the selective down-regulation of IL6 receptor in VMH abolished the effects of exercise to sustain AMPK and ACC phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation in the muscle after exercise. Together, these data demonstrated that the IL6/ERK axis in VMH controls fatty acid metabolism in the skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Kiyoshi Katashima
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeria, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil
| | - Thayana de Oliveira Micheletti
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Rosseto Braga
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeria, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Stellzer Gaspar
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeria, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ludger J. E. Goeminne
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Moura-Assis
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Barbara Moreira Crisol
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeria, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil
| | - Rafael S. Brícola
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeria, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil
| | - Vagner Ramon R. Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeria, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil
| | - Camila de Oliveira Ramos
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomic, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil
| | - Alisson L. da Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Pretol, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Rosolen Tavares
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Moreira Simabuco
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valquiria Aparecida Matheus
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Buscaratti
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henrique Marques-Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Pazos
- Department of Physiology, Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS) and CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB 06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - David Gonzalez-Touceda
- Department of Physiology, Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS) and CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB 06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Sulay Tovar
- Department of Physiology, Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS) and CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB 06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - María del Carmen García
- Department of Physiology, Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS) and CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB 06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Jose Cesar Rosa Neto
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
- Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo 01506-000, Brazil
| | - Sandro Massao Hirabara
- Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo 01506-000, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Chakur Brum
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Oliveira Prada
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro P. de Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeria, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil
- CEPECE—Center of Research in Sport Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeria, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil
- CEPECE—Center of Research in Sport Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil
| | - Adelino S. R. da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Pretol, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomic, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil
| | - Licio A. Velloso
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Rochete Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeria, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
- CEPECE—Center of Research in Sport Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil
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20
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Hyun U, Sohn JW. Autonomic control of energy balance and glucose homeostasis. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:370-376. [PMID: 35474336 PMCID: PMC9076646 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00705-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) communicate with peripheral organs largely via the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Through such communications, the sympathetic and parasympathetic efferent divisions of the ANS may affect thermogenesis and blood glucose levels. In contrast, peripheral organs send feedback to the CNS via hormones and autonomic afferent nerves. These humoral and neural feedbacks, as well as neural commands from higher brain centers directly or indirectly shape the metabolic function of autonomic neurons. Notably, recent developments in mouse genetics have enabled more detailed studies of ANS neurons and circuits, which have helped elucidate autonomic control of metabolism. Here, we will summarize the functional organization of the ANS and discuss recent updates on the roles of neural and humoral factors in the regulation of energy balance and glucose homeostasis by the ANS. Cutting-edge techniques should be harnessed to unravel how metabolism is modulated by a key part of the body’s nervous system. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates many involuntary physiological processes, such as heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure. Scientists now believe that the ANS is involved in regulating metabolism, but its precise roles are unclear. Jong-Woo Sohn and Uisu Hyun at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea, reviewed understanding of how the ANS regulates energy balance, appetite, and glucose homeostasis. Recently-developed mouse models have provided insights into how ANS neurons translate neuronal and hormonal signals into commands during feeding, sending instructions to the liver, and mediating blood glucose levels. Several hormones have been identified that may act on a specific part of the ANS to influence appetite and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uisu Hyun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Jong-Woo Sohn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
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21
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Jais A, Brüning JC. Arcuate Nucleus-Dependent Regulation of Metabolism-Pathways to Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:314-328. [PMID: 34490882 PMCID: PMC8905335 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) receives information from afferent neurons, circulating hormones, and absorbed nutrients and integrates this information to orchestrate the actions of the neuroendocrine and autonomic nervous systems in maintaining systemic metabolic homeostasis. Particularly the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) is of pivotal importance for primary sensing of adiposity signals, such as leptin and insulin, and circulating nutrients, such as glucose. Importantly, energy state-sensing neurons in the ARC not only regulate feeding but at the same time control multiple physiological functions, such as glucose homeostasis, blood pressure, and innate immune responses. These findings have defined them as master regulators, which adapt integrative physiology to the energy state of the organism. The disruption of this fine-tuned control leads to an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure as well as deregulation of peripheral metabolism. Improving our understanding of the cellular, molecular, and functional basis of this regulatory principle in the CNS could set the stage for developing novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome. In this review, we summarize novel insights with a particular emphasis on ARC neurocircuitries regulating food intake and glucose homeostasis and sensing factors that inform the brain of the organismal energy status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Jais
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jens C Brüning
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,National Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
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22
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Rodríguez-Cortés B, Hurtado-Alvarado G, Martínez-Gómez R, León-Mercado LA, Prager-Khoutorsky M, Buijs RM. Suprachiasmatic nucleus-mediated glucose entry into the arcuate nucleus determines the daily rhythm in blood glycemia. Curr Biol 2022; 32:796-805.e4. [PMID: 35030330 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glycemia is maintained within very narrow boundaries with less than 5% variation at a given time of the day. However, over the circadian cycle, glycemia changes with almost 50% difference. How the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the biological clock, maintains these day-night variations with such tiny disparities remains obscure. We show that via vasopressin release at the beginning of the sleep phase, the suprachiasmatic nucleus increases the glucose transporter GLUT1 in tanycytes. Hereby GLUT1 promotes glucose entrance into the arcuate nucleus, thereby lowering peripheral glycemia. Conversely, blocking vasopressin activity or the GLUT1 transporter at the daily trough of glycemia increases circulating glucose levels usually seen at the peak of the rhythm. Thus, biological clock-controlled mechanisms promoting glucose entry into the arcuate nucleus explain why peripheral blood glucose is low before sleep onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Rodríguez-Cortés
- Department of Cellular Biology and Physiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mario de la Cueva Circuit, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Hurtado-Alvarado
- Department of Cellular Biology and Physiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mario de la Cueva Circuit, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Martínez-Gómez
- Department of Cellular Biology and Physiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mario de la Cueva Circuit, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Luis A León-Mercado
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Hypothalamic Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Masha Prager-Khoutorsky
- Department of Physiology, McIntyre Medical Sciences Building, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Ruud M Buijs
- Department of Cellular Biology and Physiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mario de la Cueva Circuit, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
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23
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Zhang F, Wu LB, Yu Q, Wang MJ, Zeng XL, Wei XT, Wu ZJ, Cai RL, Hu L. Neurotropic Viruses as a Tool for Neural Circuit-Tracing. NEUROCHEM J+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712421040176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Cavalcanti-de-Albuquerque JP, Donato J. Rolling out physical exercise and energy homeostasis: Focus on hypothalamic circuitries. Front Neuroendocrinol 2021; 63:100944. [PMID: 34425188 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Energy balance is the fine regulation of energy expenditure and energy intake. Negative energy balance causes body weight loss, while positive energy balance promotes weight gain. Modern societies offer a maladapted way of life, where easy access to palatable foods and the lack of opportunities to perform physical activity are considered the roots of the obesity pandemic. Physical exercise increases energy expenditure and, consequently, is supposed to promote weight loss. Paradoxically, physical exercise acutely drives anorexigenic-like effects, but the mechanisms are still poorly understood. Using an evolutionary background, this review aims to highlight the potential involvement of the melanocortin system and other hypothalamic neural circuitries regulating energy balance during and after physical exercise. The physiological significance of these changes will be explored, and possible signalling agents will be addressed. The knowledge discussed here might be important for clarifying obesity aetiology as well as new therapeutic approaches for body weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Donato
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil.
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25
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Clyburn C, Browning KN. Glutamatergic plasticity within neurocircuits of the dorsal vagal complex and the regulation of gastric functions. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G880-G887. [PMID: 33730858 PMCID: PMC8202199 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00014.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The meticulous regulation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is required for the coordination of gastric motility and emptying, intestinal secretion, absorption, and transit as well as for the overarching management of food intake and energy homeostasis. Disruption of GI functions is associated with the development of severe GI disorders and the alteration of food intake and caloric balance. Functional GI disorders as well as the dysregulation of energy balance and food intake are frequently associated with, or result from, alterations in the central regulation of GI control. The faithful and rapid transmission of information from the stomach and upper GI tract to second-order neurons of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (NTS) relies on the delicate modulation of excitatory glutamatergic transmission, as does the relay of integrated signals from the NTS to parasympathetic efferent neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV). Many studies have focused on understanding the physiological and pathophysiological modulation of these glutamatergic synapses, although their role in the control and regulation of GI functions has lagged behind that of cardiovascular and respiratory functions. The purpose of this review is to examine the current literature exploring the role of glutamatergic transmission in the DVC in the regulation of GI functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Clyburn
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Kirsteen N. Browning
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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26
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Yao T, He J, Cui Z, Wang R, Bao K, Huang Y, Wang R, Liu T. Central 5-HTR2C in the Control of Metabolic Homeostasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:694204. [PMID: 34367066 PMCID: PMC8334728 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.694204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor (5-HTR2C) is a class G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) enriched in the hypothalamus and the brain stem, where it has been shown to regulate energy homeostasis, including feeding and glucose metabolism. Accordingly, 5-HTR2C has been the target of several anti-obesity drugs, though the associated side effects greatly curbed their clinical applications. Dissecting the specific neural circuits of 5-HTR2C-expressing neurons and the detailed molecular pathways of 5-HTR2C signaling in metabolic regulation will help to develop better therapeutic strategies towards metabolic disorders. In this review, we introduced the regulatory role of 5-HTR2C in feeding behavior and glucose metabolism, with particular focus on the molecular pathways, neural network, and its interaction with other metabolic hormones, such as leptin, ghrelin, insulin, and estrogens. Moreover, the latest progress in the clinical research on 5-HTR2C agonists was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yao
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Ting Yao, ; Ru Wang, ; Tiemin Liu,
| | - Jiehui He
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhicheng Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruwen Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaixuan Bao
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiru Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Ting Yao, ; Ru Wang, ; Tiemin Liu,
| | - Tiemin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Ting Yao, ; Ru Wang, ; Tiemin Liu,
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