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Ono M, Burgess DE, Johnson SR, Elayi CS, Esser KA, Seward TS, Boychuk CR, Carreño AP, Stalcup RA, Prabhat A, Schroder EA, Delisle BP. Feeding behavior modifies the circadian variation in RR and QT intervals by distinct mechanisms in mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2024; 327:R109-R121. [PMID: 38766772 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00025.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Rhythmic feeding behavior is critical for regulating phase and amplitude in the ≈24-h variation of heart rate (RR intervals), ventricular repolarization (QT intervals), and core body temperature in mice. We hypothesized changes in cardiac electrophysiology associated with feeding behavior were secondary to changes in core body temperature. Telemetry was used to record electrocardiograms and core body temperature in mice during ad libitum-fed conditions and after inverting normal feeding behavior by restricting food access to the light cycle. Light cycle-restricted feeding modified the phase and amplitude of 24-h rhythms in RR and QT intervals, and core body temperature to realign with the new feeding time. Changes in core body temperature alone could not account for changes in phase and amplitude in the ≈24-h variation of the RR intervals. Heart rate variability analysis and inhibiting β-adrenergic and muscarinic receptors suggested that changes in the phase and amplitude of 24-h rhythms in RR intervals were secondary to changes in autonomic signaling. In contrast, changes in QT intervals closely mirrored changes in core body temperature. Studies at thermoneutrality confirmed that the daily variation in QT interval, but not RR interval, primarily reflected daily changes in core body temperature (even in ad libitum-fed conditions). Correcting the QT interval for differences in core body temperature helped unmask QT interval prolongation after starting light cycle-restricted feeding and in a mouse model of long QT syndrome. We conclude feeding behavior alters autonomic signaling and core body temperature to regulate phase and amplitude in RR and QT intervals, respectively.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We used time-restricted feeding and thermoneutrality to demonstrate that different mechanisms regulate the 24-h rhythms in heart rate and ventricular repolarization. The daily rhythm in heart rate reflects changes in autonomic input, whereas daily rhythms in ventricular repolarization reflect changes in core body temperature. This novel finding has major implications for understanding 24-h rhythms in mouse cardiac electrophysiology, arrhythmia susceptibility in transgenic mouse models, and interpretability of cardiac electrophysiological data acquired in thermoneutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ono
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Don E Burgess
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Sidney R Johnson
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Claude S Elayi
- CHI Saint Joseph Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Tanya S Seward
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Carie R Boychuk
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Andrés P Carreño
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Rebecca A Stalcup
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Abhilash Prabhat
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Schroder
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Brian P Delisle
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
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d’Almeida NA, Tipping M. Flight to insight: maximizing the potential of Drosophila models of C9orf72-FTD. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1434443. [PMID: 38915937 PMCID: PMC11194461 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1434443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Advancements in understanding the pathogenesis of C9orf72-associated frontotemporal dementia (C9orf72-FTD) have highlighted the role of repeat-associated non-ATG (RAN) translation and dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs), with Drosophila melanogaster models providing valuable insights. While studies have primarily focused on RAN translation and DPR toxicity, emerging areas of investigation in fly models have expanded to neuronal dysfunction, autophagy impairment, and synaptic dysfunction, providing potential directions for new therapeutic targets and mechanisms of neurodegeneration. Despite this progress, there are still significant gaps in Drosophila models of C9orf72-FTD, namely in the areas of metabolism and circadian rhythm. Metabolic dysregulation, particularly lipid metabolism, autophagy, and insulin signaling, has been implicated in disease progression with findings from animal models and human patients with C9orf72 repeat expansions. Moreover, circadian disruptions have been observed in C9of72-FTD, with alterations in rest-activity patterns and cellular circadian machinery, suggesting a potential role in disease pathophysiology. Drosophila models offer unique opportunities to explore these aspects of C9orf72-FTD and identify novel therapeutic targets aimed at mitigating neurodegeneration.
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Gao QY, Zhang HF, Gao JW, Cai JW, Chen Q, You S, Chen ZT, Guo DC, Li ST, Hao QY, Liu PM, Wang JF, Chen YX. Association between daytime napping and incident arrhythmias: A prospective cohort study and mendelian randomization analysis. Heart Rhythm 2024; 21:743-751. [PMID: 38336194 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence has linked daytime napping with the risk of cardiovascular events. Cardiac arrhythmias are considered an early clinical stage for cardiovascular diseases. However, whether napping frequency is associated with incident arrhythmias remains unknown. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to prospectively investigate the association between napping frequency and cardiac arrhythmias. METHODS Daytime napping frequency was self-reported in response to touchscreen questionnaires. The primary outcomes were incident arrhythmias including atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF/Af), ventricular arrhythmia, and bradyarrhythmia. Cox regression analysis was conducted on the basis of 491,117 participants free of cardiac arrhythmias from the UK Biobank. The 2-sample mendelian randomization (MR) and 1-sample MR were used to ensure a causal effect of genetically predicted daytime napping on the risk of arrhythmias. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 11.91 years, 28,801 incident AF/Af cases, 4132 incident ventricular arrhythmias, and 11,616 incident bradyarrhythmias were documented. Compared with never/rarely napping, usually napping was significantly associated with higher risks of AF/Af (hazard ratio, 1.141; 95% CI, 1.083-1.203) and bradyarrhythmia (hazard ratio, 1.138; 95% CI, 1.049-1.235) but not ventricular arrhythmia after adjustment for various covariates. The 2-sample MR and 1-sample MR analysis showed that increased daytime napping frequency was likely to be a potential causal risk factor for AF/Af in FinnGen (odds ratio, 1.626; 95% CI, 1.061-2.943) and bradyarrhythmia in the UK Biobank (odds ratio, 1.005; 95% CI, 1.002-1.008). CONCLUSION The results of this study add to the burgeoning evidence of an association between daytime napping frequency and an increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias including AF/Af, ventricular arrhythmia, and bradyarrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yuan Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Feng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Wei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Wen Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si You
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Teng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Da-Chuan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Tai Li
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Yun Hao
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pin-Ming Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jing-Feng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yang-Xin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Ono M, Burgess DE, Johnson SR, Elayi CS, Esser KA, Seward TS, Boychuk CR, Carreño AP, Stalcup RA, Prabhat A, Schroder EA, Delisle BP. Feeding Behavior Modifies the Circadian Variation in RR and QT intervals by Distinct Mechanisms in Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.02.565372. [PMID: 37961515 PMCID: PMC10635091 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.02.565372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Rhythmic feeding behavior is critical for regulating the phase and amplitude in the ≍24-hour variation of the heart rate (RR intervals), ventricular repolarization (QT intervals), and core body temperature in mice. We hypothesized the changes in cardiac electrophysiology associated with feeding behavior were secondary to changes in core body temperature. Telemetry was used to record electrocardiograms and core body temperature in mice during ad libitum-fed conditions and after inverting normal feeding behavior by restricting food access to the light cycle. Light cycle-restricted feeding quickly modified the phase and amplitude of the 24-hour rhythms in RR intervals, QT intervals, and core body temperature to realign with the new feeding time. Heart rate variability analysis and inhibiting β-adrenergic and muscarinic receptors suggested that the changes in the phase and amplitude of the 24-hour rhythms in RR intervals were secondary to changes in autonomic signaling. In contrast, the changes in the QT intervals closely mirrored changes in core body temperature. Studies at thermoneutrality confirmed the daily variation in the QT interval, but not the RR interval, and reflected daily changes in core body temperature (even in ad libitum-fed conditions). Correcting the QT interval for differences in core body temperature helped to unmask QT interval prolongation after starting light cycle-restricted feeding and in a mouse model of long QT syndrome. We conclude feeding behavior alters autonomic signaling and core body temperature to regulate the phase and amplitude in RR and QT intervals, respectively.
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Camargo Tavares L, Lopera-Maya EA, Bonfiglio F, Zheng T, Sinha T, Zanchetta Marques F, Zhernakova A, Sanna S, D'Amato M. Rome III Criteria Capture Higher Irritable Bowel Syndrome SNP-Heritability and Highlight a Novel Genetic Link With Cardiovascular Traits. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 18:101345. [PMID: 38643935 PMCID: PMC11176963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) shows genetic predisposition, and large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are emerging, based on heterogeneous disease definitions. We investigated the genetic architecture of IBS defined according to gold standard Rome Criteria. METHODS We conducted GWAS meta-analyses of Rome III IBS and its subtypes in 24,735 IBS cases and 77,149 asymptomatic control subjects from 2 independent European cohorts (UK Biobank and Lifelines). Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based heritability (h2SNP) and genetic correlations (rg) with other traits were calculated. IBS risk loci were functionally annotated to identify candidate genes. Sensitivity and conditional analyses were conducted to assess impact of confounders. Polygenic risk scores were computed and tested in independent datasets. RESULTS Rome III IBS showed significant SNP-heritability (up to 13%) and similar genetic architecture across subtypes, including those with manifestations at the opposite ends of the symptom spectrum (rg = 0.48 between IBS-D and IBS-C). Genetic correlations with other traits highlighted commonalities with family history of heart disease and hypertension, coronary artery disease, and angina pectoris (rg = 0.20-0.45), among others. Four independent GWAS signals (P < 5×10-8) were detected, including 2 novel loci for IBS (rs2035380) and IBS-mixed (rs2048419) that had been previously associated with hypertension and coronary artery disease. Functional annotation of GWAS risk loci revealed genes implicated in circadian rhythm (BMAL1), intestinal barrier (CLDN23), immunomodulation (MFHAS1), and the cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathway (ADCY2). Polygenic risk scores allowed the identification of individuals at increased risk of IBS (odds ratio, 1.34; P = 1.1×10-3). CONCLUSIONS Rome III Criteria capture higher SNP-heritability than previously estimated for IBS. The identified link between IBS and cardiovascular traits may contribute to the delineation of alternative therapeutic strategies, warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ferdinando Bonfiglio
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Tenghao Zheng
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Trishla Sinha
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Francine Zanchetta Marques
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia; Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexandra Zhernakova
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Serena Sanna
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mauro D'Amato
- Gastrointestinal Genetics Lab, CIC bioGUNE - BRTA, Derio, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain; Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, Casamassima, Italy
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Soomro QH, Koplan BA, Costea AI, Roy-Chaudhury P, Tumlin JA, Kher V, Williamson DE, Pokhariyal S, McClure CK, Charytan DM. Arrhythmia and Time of Day in Maintenance Hemodialysis: Secondary Analysis of the Monitoring in Dialysis Study. Kidney Med 2024; 6:100799. [PMID: 38572395 PMCID: PMC10987926 DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2024.100799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale & Objective The incidence of arrhythmia varies by time of day. How this affects individuals on maintenance dialysis is uncertain. Our objective was to quantify the relationship of arrhythmia with the time of day and timing of dialysis. Study Design Secondary analysis of the Monitoring in Dialysis study, a multicenter prospective cohort study. Settings & Participants Loop recorders were implanted for continuous cardiac monitoring in 66 participants on maintenance dialysis with a follow up of 6 months. Exposure Time of day based on 6-hour intervals. Outcomes Event rates of clinically significant arrhythmia. Analytical Approach Negative binomial mixed effects regression models for repeated measures were used to evaluate data from the Monitoring in Dialysis study for differences in diurnal patterns of clinically significant arrhythmia among those with end-stage kidney disease with heart failure and end-stage kidney disease alone. We additionally analyzed rates according to presence of heart failure, time of dialysis shift, and dialysis versus nondialysis day. Results Rates of clinically significant arrhythmia peaked between 12:00 AM and 5:59 AM and were more than 1.5-fold as frequent during this interval than the rest of the day. In contrast, variations in atrial fibrillation peaked between 6:00 AM and 11:59 AM, but variations across the day were qualitatively small. Clinically significant arrhythmia occurred at numerically higher rate in individuals with end-stage kidney disease and heart failure (5.9 events/mo; 95% CI, 1.3-26.8) than those without heart failure (4.0 events/mo; 95% CI, 0.9-17.9). Although differences in overall rate were not significant, their periodicity was significantly different (P < 0.001), with a peak between 12:00 AM and 6:00 AM with kidney failure alone and between 6:00 AM and 11:59 AM in those with heart failure. Although the overall clinically significant arrhythmia rate was similar in morning compared with evening dialysis shifts (P = 0.43), their periodicity differed with a peak between 12:00 AM and 5:59 AM in those with AM dialysis and a later peak between 6:00 AM and 11:59 AM in those with PM shifts. Limitations Post hoc analysis, unable to account for unmeasured confounders. Conclusion Clinically significant arrhythmias showed strong diurnal patterns with a maximal peak between 12:00 AM and 5:59 AM and noon. Although overall arrhythmia rates were similar, the peak rate occurred overnight in individuals without heart failure and during the morning in individuals with heart failure. Further exploration of the influence of circadian rhythm on arrhythmia in the setting of hemodialysis is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qandeel H. Soomro
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Prabir Roy-Chaudhury
- University of North Carolina Kidney Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- WG (Bill) Hefner VA Medical Center, Salisbury, North Carolina
| | - James A. Tumlin
- Georgia Nephrology Clinical Research Institute, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Vijay Kher
- Fortis Escorts Kidney & Urology Institute, Fortis Escorts Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | - David M. Charytan
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
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Delisle BP, Prabhat A, Burgess DE, Ono M, Esser KA, Schroder EA. Circadian Regulation of Cardiac Arrhythmias and Electrophysiology. Circ Res 2024; 134:659-674. [PMID: 38484028 PMCID: PMC11177776 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms in physiology and behavior are ≈24-hour biological cycles regulated by internal biological clocks (ie, circadian clocks) that optimize organismal homeostasis in response to predictable environmental changes. These clocks are present in virtually all cells in the body, including cardiomyocytes. Many decades ago, clinicians and researchers became interested in studying daily patterns of triggers for sudden cardiac death, the incidence of sudden cardiac death, and cardiac arrhythmias. This review highlights historical and contemporary studies examining the role of day/night rhythms in the timing of cardiovascular events, delves into changes in the timing of these events over the last few decades, and discusses cardiovascular disease-specific differences in the timing of cardiovascular events. The current understanding of the environmental, behavioral, and circadian mechanisms that regulate cardiac electrophysiology is examined with a focus on the circadian regulation of cardiac ion channels and ion channel regulatory genes. Understanding the contribution of environmental, behavioral, and circadian rhythms on arrhythmia susceptibility and the incidence of sudden cardiac death will be essential in developing future chronotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P. Delisle
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Abhilash Prabhat
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Don E. Burgess
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Makoto Ono
- Division of Cardiology and Rehabilitation, Tamaki Hospital, Japan
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Webb AJ, Klerman EB, Mandeville ET. Circadian and Diurnal Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow. Circ Res 2024; 134:695-710. [PMID: 38484025 PMCID: PMC10942227 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Circadian and diurnal variation in cerebral blood flow directly contributes to the diurnal variation in the risk of stroke, either through factors that trigger stroke or due to impaired compensatory mechanisms. Cerebral blood flow results from the integration of systemic hemodynamics, including heart rate, cardiac output, and blood pressure, with cerebrovascular regulatory mechanisms, including cerebrovascular reactivity, autoregulation, and neurovascular coupling. We review the evidence for the circadian and diurnal variation in each of these mechanisms and their integration, from the detailed evidence for mechanisms underlying the nocturnal nadir and morning surge in blood pressure to identifying limited available evidence for circadian and diurnal variation in cerebrovascular compensatory mechanisms. We, thus, identify key systemic hemodynamic factors related to the diurnal variation in the risk of stroke but particularly identify the need for further research focused on cerebrovascular regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair J.S. Webb
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wolfson Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (A.J.S.W.)
| | - Elizabeth B. Klerman
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wolfson Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (A.J.S.W.)
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (E.B.K.)
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA (E.B.K.)
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (E.B.K.)
| | - Emiri T. Mandeville
- Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (E.T.M.)
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Zeng Q, Oliva VM, Moro MÁ, Scheiermann C. Circadian Effects on Vascular Immunopathologies. Circ Res 2024; 134:791-809. [PMID: 38484032 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms exert a profound impact on most aspects of mammalian physiology, including the immune and cardiovascular systems. Leukocytes engage in time-of-day-dependent interactions with the vasculature, facilitating the emigration to and the immune surveillance of tissues. This review provides an overview of circadian control of immune-vascular interactions in both the steady state and cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and infarction. Circadian rhythms impact both the immune and vascular facets of these interactions, primarily through the regulation of chemoattractant and adhesion molecules on immune and endothelial cells. Misaligned light conditions disrupt this rhythm, generally exacerbating atherosclerosis and infarction. In cardiovascular diseases, distinct circadian clock genes, while functioning as part of an integrated circadian system, can have proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects on these immune-vascular interactions. Here, we discuss the mechanisms and relevance of circadian rhythms in vascular immunopathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zeng
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (Q.Z., V.M.O., C.S.)
| | - Valeria Maria Oliva
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (Q.Z., V.M.O., C.S.)
| | - María Ángeles Moro
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (M.Á.M.)
| | - Christoph Scheiermann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (Q.Z., V.M.O., C.S.)
- Geneva Center for Inflammation Research, Switzerland (C.S.)
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Geneva, Switzerland (C.S.)
- Biomedical Center, Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Germany (C.S.)
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10
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Li P, Kim JK. Circadian regulation of sinoatrial nodal cell pacemaking function: Dissecting the roles of autonomic control, body temperature, and local circadian rhythmicity. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1011907. [PMID: 38408116 PMCID: PMC10927146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Strong circadian (~24h) rhythms in heart rate (HR) are critical for flexible regulation of cardiac pacemaking function throughout the day. While this circadian flexibility in HR is sustained in diverse conditions, it declines with age, accompanied by reduced maximal HR performance. The intricate regulation of circadian HR involves the orchestration of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), circadian rhythms of body temperature (CRBT), and local circadian rhythmicity (LCR), which has not been fully understood. Here, we developed a mathematical model describing ANS, CRBT, and LCR in sinoatrial nodal cells (SANC) that accurately captures distinct circadian patterns in adult and aged mice. Our model underscores how the alliance among ANS, CRBT, and LCR achieves circadian flexibility to cover a wide range of firing rates in SANC, performance to achieve maximal firing rates, while preserving robustness to generate rhythmic firing patterns irrespective of external conditions. Specifically, while ANS dominates in promoting SANC flexibility and performance, CRBT and LCR act as primary and secondary boosters, respectively, to further enhance SANC flexibility and performance. Disruption of this alliance with age results in impaired SANC flexibility and performance, but not robustness. This unexpected outcome is primarily attributed to the age-related reduction in parasympathetic activities, which maintains SANC robustness while compromising flexibility. Our work sheds light on the critical alliance of ANS, CRBT, and LCR in regulating time-of-day cardiac pacemaking function and dysfunction, offering insights into novel therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- Biomedical Mathematics Group, Pioneer Research Center for Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyoung Kim
- Biomedical Mathematics Group, Pioneer Research Center for Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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11
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Personnic E, Gerard G, Poilbout C, Jetten AM, Gómez AM, Benitah JP, Perrier R. Circadian regulation of Ca V 1.2 expression by RORα in the mouse heart. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.15.575657. [PMID: 38293155 PMCID: PMC10827087 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.15.575657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Background In addition to show autonomous beating rhythmicity, the physiological functions of the heart present daily periodic oscillations. Notably the ventricular repolarization itself varies throughout the circadian cycle which was mainly related to the periodic expression of K + channels. However, the involvement of the L-type Ca 2+ channel (Ca V 1.2 encoded by Cacna1c gene) in these circadian variations remains elusive. Methods We used a transgenic mouse model (PCa-luc) that expresses the luciferase reporter under the control of the cardiac Cacna1c promoter and analyzed promoter activity by bioluminescent imaging, qPCR, immunoblot, Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP) and Ca V 1.2 activity. Results Under normal 12:12h light-dark cycle, we observed in vivo a biphasic diurnal variation of promoter activities peaking at 9 and 19.5 Zeitgeber time (ZT). This was associated with a periodicity of Cacna1c mRNA levels preceding 24-h oscillations of Ca V 1.2 protein levels in ventricle (with a 1.5 h phase shift) but not in atrial heart tissues. The periodicity of promoter activities and Ca V 1.2 proteins, which correlated with biphasic oscillations of L-type Ca 2+ current conductance, persisted in isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes from PCa-Luc mice over the course of the 24-h cycle, suggesting an endogenous cardiac circadian regulation. Comparison of 24-h temporal patterns of clock gene expressions in ventricles and atrial tissues of the same mice revealed conserved circadian oscillations of the core clock genes except for the retinoid-related orphan receptor α gene (RORα), which remained constant throughout the course of a day in atrial tissues. In vitro we found that RORα is recruited to two specific regions on the Cacna1c promoter and that incubation with specific RORα inhibitor disrupted 24-h oscillations of ventricular promoter activities and Ca V 1.2 protein levels. Similar results were observed for pore forming subunits of the K + transient outward currents, K V 4.2 and K V 4.3. Conclusions These findings raise the possibility that the RORα-dependent rhythmic regulation of cardiac Ca V 1.2 and K V 4.2/4.3 throughout the daily cycle may play an important role in physiopathology of heart function.
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Yaar S, Filatova TS, England E, Kompella SN, Hancox JC, Bechtold DA, Venetucci L, Abramochkin DV, Shiels HA. Global Air Pollutant Phenanthrene and Arrhythmic Outcomes in a Mouse Model. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:117002. [PMID: 37909723 PMCID: PMC10619431 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The three-ringed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) phenanthrene (Phe) has been implicated in the cardiotoxicity of petroleum-based pollution in aquatic systems, where it disrupts the contractile and electrical function of the fish heart. Phe is also found adsorbed to particulate matter and in the gas phase of air pollution, but to date, no studies have investigated the impact of Phe on mammalian cardiac function. OBJECTIVES Our objectives were to determine the arrhythmogenic potential of acute Phe exposure on mammalian cardiac function and define the underlying mechanisms to provide insight into the toxicity risk to humans. METHODS Ex vivo Langendorff-perfused mouse hearts were used to test the arrhythmogenic potential of Phe on myocardial function, and voltage- and current-clamp recordings were used to define underlying cellular mechanisms in isolated cardiomyocytes. RESULTS Mouse hearts exposed to ∼ 8 μ M Phe for 15-min exhibited a significantly slower heart rate (p = 0.0006 , N = 10 hearts), a prolonged PR interval (p = 0.036 , N = 8 hearts), and a slower conduction velocity (p = 0.0143 , N = 7 hearts). Whole-cell recordings from isolated cardiomyocytes revealed action potential (AP) duration prolongation (at 80% repolarization; p = 0.0408 , n = 9 cells) and inhibition of key murine repolarizing currents-transient outward potassium current (I to ) and ultrarapid potassium current (I Kur )-following Phe exposure. A significant reduction in AP upstroke velocity (p = 0.0445 , n = 9 cells) and inhibition of the fast sodium current (I Na ; p = 0.001 , n = 8 cells) and calcium current (I Ca ; p = 0.0001 ) were also observed, explaining the slowed conduction velocity in intact hearts. Finally, acute exposure to ∼ 8 μ M Phe significantly increased susceptibility to arrhythmias (p = 0.0455 , N = 9 hearts). DISCUSSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first evidence of direct inhibitory effects of Phe on mammalian cardiac electrical activity at both the whole-heart and cell levels. This electrical dysfunction manifested as an increase in arrhythmia susceptibility due to impairment of both conduction and repolarization. Similar effects in humans could have serious health consequences, warranting greater regulatory attention and toxicological investigation into this ubiquitous PAH pollutant generated from fossil-fuel combustion. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12775.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Yaar
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Tatiana S. Filatova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ellie England
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Shiva N. Kompella
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jules C. Hancox
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David A. Bechtold
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Luigi Venetucci
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Denis V. Abramochkin
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Holly A. Shiels
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Hannemann J, Skene DJ, Middleton B, Schwedhelm E, Laing A, Böger R. Diurnal Variation of L-Arginine and the Cardiovascular Risk Markers Asymmetric and Symmetric Dimethylarginine and Homoarginine in Rotating Night Shift Workers and Controls. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1282. [PMID: 37759682 PMCID: PMC10526524 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) interfere with nitric oxide (NO) formation from L-arginine via different mechanisms. ADMA is a biomarker of cardiovascular disease and mortality, whilst SDMA is a biomarker of mortality after ischemic stroke. Homoarginine, another L-arginine-derived amino acid, is associated with stroke and congestive heart failure. Acute ischemic events like myocardial infarction show a time-of-day variation in the timing of their onset, as do NO-mediated vascular function and blood pressure. We studied whether the plasma concentrations of L-arginine-related amino acid metabolites show diurnal variation in a clinical study comparing 12 non-night shift workers with 60 rotating night shift workers. The plasma concentrations of L-arginine-related biomarkers, melatonin, and cortisol were measured every 3 h during a 24-h period. In addition, 24-h blood pressure recordings were performed. In non-night shift workers, L-arginine and homoarginine plasma concentrations showed diurnal variation with a 12-h period, which were both attenuated in night shift workers. ADMA and SDMA showed a 24-h rhythmicity with no significant differences in phase between night shift and non-night shift workers. The plasma profiles of melatonin and cortisol were not significantly different between both groups, suggesting that the rotating night shift work does not have a major influence on central suprachiasmatic nuclei clock timing. In addition, systolic and diastolic blood pressure patterns were similar between both groups. Our data show diurnal variation of dimethylarginines with the timing of their acrophases corresponding to the published timing of the peak incidence of cardiac ischemic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Hannemann
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (J.H.); (E.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Debra J. Skene
- Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; (D.J.S.); (B.M.)
| | - Benita Middleton
- Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; (D.J.S.); (B.M.)
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (J.H.); (E.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Anika Laing
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (J.H.); (E.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Rainer Böger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (J.H.); (E.S.); (A.L.)
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Li P, Ji X, Shan M, Wang Y, Dai X, Yin M, Liu Y, Guan L, Ye L, Cheng H. Melatonin regulates microglial polarization to M2 cell via RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway in epilepsy. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e900. [PMID: 37382264 PMCID: PMC10266134 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin (MEL), an endogenous hormone, has been widely investigated in neurological diseases. Microglia (MG), a resident immunocyte localizing in central nervous system is reported to play important functions in the animal model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Some evidence showed that MEL influenced activation of MG, but the detailed model of action that MEL plays in remains uncertain. METHODS In this study, we established a model of TLE in mice by stereotactic injection of kainic acid (KA). We treated the mice with MEL. Lipopolysaccharide, ROCK2-knockdown (ROCK-KD) and -overexpression (ROCK-OE) of lentivirus-treated cells were used in cell experiments to simulate an in vitro inflammatory model. RESULTS The results of electrophysiological tests showed that MEL reduced frequency and severity of seizure. The results of behavioral tests indicated MEL improved cognition, learning, and memory ability. Histological evidences demonstrated a significant reduction of neuronal death in the hippocampus. In vivo study showed that MEL changed the polarization status of MG from a proinflammatory M1 phenotype to an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype by inversely regulating the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. In cytological study, we found that MEL had a significant protective effect in LPS-treated BV-2 cells and ROCK-KD cells, while the protective effect of MEL was significantly attenuated in ROCK-OE cells. CONCLUSION MEL played an antiepileptic role in the KA-induced TLE modeling mice both in behavioral and histological levels, and changed MG polarization status by regulating the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Xuefei Ji
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Ming Shan
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Xingliang Dai
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Mengyuan Yin
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Yunlong Liu
- First Clinical Medical CollegeAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Liao Guan
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Hongwei Cheng
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
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Ma Y, Chang MC, Litrownik D, Wayne PM, Yeh GY. Day-night patterns in heart rate variability and complexity: differences with age and cardiopulmonary disease. J Clin Sleep Med 2023; 19:873-882. [PMID: 36692177 PMCID: PMC10152358 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.10434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Heart rate variability (HRV) measures provide valuable insights into physiology; however, gaps remain in understanding circadian patterns in heart rate dynamics. We aimed to explore day-night differences in heart rate dynamics in patients with chronic cardiopulmonary disease compared with healthy controls. METHODS Using 24-hour heart rate data from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and/or heart failure (n = 16) and healthy adult controls (older group: ≥50 years, n = 42; younger group: 20-49 years, n = 136), we compared day-night differences in conventional time and frequency domain HRV indices and a multiscale-entropy-based complexity index (CI1-20) of HRV among the 3 groups. RESULTS Twenty-four-hour HRV showed significant day-night differences (marked with "△") among younger healthy (mean age: 34.5 years), older healthy (mean age: 61.6 years), and cardiopulmonary patients (mean age: 68.4 years), including change in percentage of adjacent intervals that differ > 50 ms (△pNN50), high frequency (△HF), normalized low frequency (△nLF), ratio (△LF/HF), and △CI1-20. Among these, △LF/HF (2.13 ± 2.35 vs 1.1 ± 2.47 vs -0.35 ± 1.25; P < .001) and △CI1-20 (0.15 ± 0.24 vs 0.02 ± 0.28 vs -0.21 ± 0.27; P < .001) were significant in each pairwise comparison following analysis of variance tests. Average CI1-20 was highest in younger healthy individuals and lowest in cardiopulmonary patients (1.37 ± 0.12 vs 1.01 ± 0.27; P < .001). Younger healthy patients showed a heart rate complexity dipping pattern (night < day), older healthy patients showed nondipping, and cardiopulmonary patients showed reverse dipping (night > day). CONCLUSIONS As measures of 24-hour variability, traditional and complexity-based metrics of HRV exhibit large day-night differences in healthy individuals; these differences are blunted, or even reversed, in individuals with cardiopulmonary pathology. Measures of diurnal dynamics may be useful indices of reduced adaptive capacity in patients with cardiopulmonary conditions. CITATION Ma Y, Chang M-C, Litrownik D, Wayne PM, Yeh GY. Day-night patterns in heart rate variability and complexity: differences with age and cardiopulmonary disease. J Clin Sleep Med. 2023;19(5):873-882.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ma
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mei-Chu Chang
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel Litrownik
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of General Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter M. Wayne
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gloria Y. Yeh
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of General Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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16
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Yang L, Feng H, Ai S, Liu Y, Lei B, Chen J, Tan X, Benedict C, Wang N, Wing YK, Qi L, Zhang J. Association of accelerometer-derived circadian abnormalities and genetic risk with incidence of atrial fibrillation. NPJ Digit Med 2023; 6:31. [PMID: 36869222 PMCID: PMC9984286 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-023-00781-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests potential links between circadian rhythm and atrial fibrillation (AF). However, whether circadian disruption can predict the onset of AF in the general population remains largely unknown. We aim to investigate the association of accelerometer-measured circadian rest-activity rhythm (CRAR, the most prominent circadian rhythm in humans) with the risk of AF, and examine joint associations and potential interactions of CRAR and genetic susceptibility with AF incidence. We include 62,927 white British participants of UK Biobank without AF at baseline. CRAR characteristics, including amplitude (strength), acrophase (timing of peak activity), pseudo-F (robustness), and mesor (height), are derived by applying an extended cosine model. Genetic risk is assessed with polygenic risk scores. The outcome is the incidence of AF. During a median follow-up of 6.16 years, 1920 participants developed AF. Low amplitude [hazard ratio (HR): 1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25-1.58], delayed acrophase (HR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.10-1.39), and low mesor (HR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.21-1.52), but not low pseudo-F, are significantly associated with a higher risk of AF. No significant interactions between CRAR characteristics and genetic risk are observed. Joint association analyses reveal that participants with unfavourable CRAR characteristics and high genetic risk yield the highest risk of incident AF. These associations are robust after controlling for multiple testing and in a series of sensitivity analyses. Accelerometer-measured CRAR abnormalities, characterized by decreased strength and height, and later timing of peak activity of circadian rhythm, are associated with a higher risk of AF in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Yang
- grid.410643.4Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Hongliang Feng
- grid.410643.4Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sizhi Ai
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Center for Sleep and Circadian Medicine, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China ,grid.493088.e0000 0004 1757 7279Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yue Liu
- grid.410643.4Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Binbin Lei
- grid.410643.4Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Jie Chen
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Big Data in Health Science, Zhejiang University School of Public Health and Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christian Benedict
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Molecular Neuropharmacology (Sleep Science Laboratory), Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ningjian Wang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Kwok Wing
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA. .,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jihui Zhang
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Medicine, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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17
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Abstract
Driven by autonomous molecular clocks that are synchronized by a master pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, cardiac physiology fluctuates in diurnal rhythms that can be partly or entirely circadian. Cardiac contractility, metabolism, and electrophysiology, all have diurnal rhythms, as does the neurohumoral control of cardiac and kidney function. In this review, we discuss the evidence that circadian biology regulates cardiac function, how molecular clocks may relate to the pathogenesis of heart failure, and how chronotherapeutics might be applied in heart failure. Disrupting molecular clocks can lead to heart failure in animal models, and the myocardial response to injury seems to be conditioned by the time of day. Human studies are consistent with these findings, and they implicate the clock and circadian rhythms in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Certain circadian rhythms are maintained in patients with heart failure, a factor that can guide optimal timing of therapy. Pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic manipulation of circadian rhythms and molecular clocks show promise in the prevention and treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim El Jamal
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ronan Lordan
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah L. Teegarden
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tilo Grosser
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Translational Pharmacology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Garret FitzGerald
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Ripplinger CM, Glukhov AV, Kay MW, Boukens BJ, Chiamvimonvat N, Delisle BP, Fabritz L, Hund TJ, Knollmann BC, Li N, Murray KT, Poelzing S, Quinn TA, Remme CA, Rentschler SL, Rose RA, Posnack NG. Guidelines for assessment of cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias in small animals. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H1137-H1166. [PMID: 36269644 PMCID: PMC9678409 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00439.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although recent advances in cell-based models, including human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CM), are contributing to our understanding of electrophysiology and arrhythmia mechanisms, preclinical animal studies of cardiovascular disease remain a mainstay. Over the past several decades, animal models of cardiovascular disease have advanced our understanding of pathological remodeling, arrhythmia mechanisms, and drug effects and have led to major improvements in pacing and defibrillation therapies. There exist a variety of methodological approaches for the assessment of cardiac electrophysiology and a plethora of parameters may be assessed with each approach. This guidelines article will provide an overview of the strengths and limitations of several common techniques used to assess electrophysiology and arrhythmia mechanisms at the whole animal, whole heart, and tissue level with a focus on small animal models. We also define key electrophysiological parameters that should be assessed, along with their physiological underpinnings, and the best methods with which to assess these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal M Ripplinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Alexey V Glukhov
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Matthew W Kay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Bastiaan J Boukens
- Department Physiology, University Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nipavan Chiamvimonvat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
- Veterans Affairs Northern California Healthcare System, Mather, California
| | - Brian P Delisle
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Larissa Fabritz
- University Center of Cardiovascular Science, University Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf with DZHK Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Germany
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas J Hund
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Bjorn C Knollmann
- Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Na Li
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Katherine T Murray
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Steven Poelzing
- Virginia Tech Carilon School of Medicine, Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - T Alexander Quinn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Carol Ann Remme
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Heart Centre, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure and Arrhythmias Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stacey L Rentschler
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Robert A Rose
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nikki G Posnack
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
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Klerman EB, Brager A, Carskadon MA, Depner CM, Foster R, Goel N, Harrington M, Holloway PM, Knauert MP, LeBourgeois MK, Lipton J, Merrow M, Montagnese S, Ning M, Ray D, Scheer FAJL, Shea SA, Skene DJ, Spies C, Staels B, St‐Onge M, Tiedt S, Zee PC, Burgess HJ. Keeping an eye on circadian time in clinical research and medicine. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1131. [PMID: 36567263 PMCID: PMC9790849 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daily rhythms are observed in humans and almost all other organisms. Most of these observed rhythms reflect both underlying endogenous circadian rhythms and evoked responses from behaviours such as sleep/wake, eating/fasting, rest/activity, posture changes and exercise. For many research and clinical purposes, it is important to understand the contribution of the endogenous circadian component to these observed rhythms. CONTENT The goal of this manuscript is to provide guidance on best practices in measuring metrics of endogenous circadian rhythms in humans and promote the inclusion of circadian rhythms assessments in studies of health and disease. Circadian rhythms affect all aspects of physiology. By specifying minimal experimental conditions for studies, we aim to improve the quality, reliability and interpretability of research into circadian and daily (i.e., time-of-day) rhythms and facilitate the interpretation of clinical and translational findings within the context of human circadian rhythms. We describe protocols, variables and analyses commonly used for studying human daily rhythms, including how to assess the relative contributions of the endogenous circadian system and other daily patterns in behaviours or the environment. We conclude with recommendations for protocols, variables, analyses, definitions and examples of circadian terminology. CONCLUSION Although circadian rhythms and daily effects on health outcomes can be challenging to distinguish in practice, this distinction may be important in many clinical settings. Identifying and targeting the appropriate underlying (patho)physiology is a medical goal. This review provides methods for identifying circadian effects to aid in the interpretation of published work and the inclusion of circadian factors in clinical research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth B. Klerman
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital, Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Division of Sleep MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Allison Brager
- PlansAnalysis, and FuturesJohn F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and SchoolFort BraggNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Mary A. Carskadon
- Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityDepartment of Psychiatry and Human BehaviorEP Bradley HospitalChronobiology and Sleep ResearchProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | | | - Russell Foster
- Sir Jules Thorn Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience InstituteNuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Namni Goel
- Biological Rhythms Research LaboratoryDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Mary Harrington
- Neuroscience ProgramSmith CollegeNorthamptonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Melissa P. Knauert
- Section of PulmonaryCritical Care, and Sleep MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Monique K. LeBourgeois
- Sleep and Development LaboratoryDepartment of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA
| | - Jonathan Lipton
- Boston Children's Hospital and Kirby Neurobiology CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Martha Merrow
- Institute of Medical PsychologyFaculty of MedicineLMUMunichGermany
| | - Sara Montagnese
- Department of MedicineUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
- ChronobiologyFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordUK
| | - Mingming Ning
- Clinical Proteomics Research Center and Cardio‐Neurology DivisionMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - David Ray
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research CentreJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
- Oxford Centre for DiabetesEndocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Frank A. J. L. Scheer
- Division of Sleep MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Medical Chronobiology ProgramDivision of Sleep and Circadian DisordersDepartments of Medicine and NeurologyBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Steven A. Shea
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health SciencesOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Debra J. Skene
- ChronobiologyFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordUK
| | - Claudia Spies
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care MedicineCharité – Universitaetsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Bart Staels
- UnivLilleInsermCHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleU1011‐EGIDLilleFrance
| | - Marie‐Pierre St‐Onge
- Division of General Medicine and Center of Excellence for Sleep and Circadian ResearchDepartment of MedicineColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Steffen Tiedt
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia ResearchUniversity HospitalLMUMunichGermany
| | - Phyllis C. Zee
- Center for Circadian and Sleep MedicineDivision of Sleep MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Helen J. Burgess
- Sleep and Circadian Research LaboratoryDepartment of PsychiatryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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20
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Heywood HK, Gardner L, Knight MM, Lee DA. Oscillations of the circadian clock protein, BMAL-1, align to daily cycles of mechanical stimuli: a novel means to integrate biological time within predictive in vitro model systems. IN VITRO MODELS 2022; 1:405-412. [PMID: 36570670 PMCID: PMC9767245 DOI: 10.1007/s44164-022-00032-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In vivo, the circadian clock drives 24-h rhythms in human physiology. Isolated cells in vitro retain a functional clockwork but lack necessary timing cues resulting in the rapid loss of tissue-level circadian rhythms. This study tests the hypothesis that repeated daily mechanical stimulation acts as a timing cue for the circadian clockwork. The delineation and integration of circadian timing cues into predictive in vitro model systems, including organ-on-a-chip (OOAC) devices, represent a novel concept that introduces a key component of in vivo physiology into predictive in vitro model systems. METHODS Quiescent bovine chondrocytes were entrained for 3 days by daily 12-h bouts of cyclic biaxial tensile strain (10%, 0.33 Hz, Flexcell) before sampling during free-running conditions. The core clock protein, BMAL-1, was quantified from normalised Western Blot signal intensity and the temporal oscillations characterised by Cosinor linear fit with 24-h period. RESULTS Following entrainment, the cell-autonomous oscillations of the molecular clock protein, BMAL-1, exhibited circadian (24 h) periodicity (p < 0.001) which aligned to the diurnal mechanical stimuli. A 6-h phase shift in the mechanical entrainment protocol resulted in an equivalent shift of the circadian clockwork. Thus, repeated daily mechanical stimuli synchronised circadian rhythmicity of chondrocytes in vitro. CONCLUSION This work demonstrates that daily mechanical stimulation can act as a timing cue that is sufficient to entrain the peripheral circadian clock in vitro. This discovery may be exploited to induce and sustain circadian physiology within into predictive in vitro model systems, including OOAC systems. Integration of the circadian clock within these systems will enhance their potential to accurately recapitulate human diurnal physiology and hence augment their predictive value as drug testing platforms and as realistic models of human (patho)physiology. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44164-022-00032-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K. Heywood
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Laurence Gardner
- Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Martin M. Knight
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - David A. Lee
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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21
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Poole J, Ray D. The Role of Circadian Clock Genes in Critical Illness: The Potential Role of Translational Clock Gene Therapies for Targeting Inflammation, Mitochondrial Function, and Muscle Mass in Intensive Care. J Biol Rhythms 2022; 37:385-402. [PMID: 35880253 PMCID: PMC9326790 DOI: 10.1177/07487304221092727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Earth's 24-h planetary rotation, with predictable light and heat cycles, has driven profound evolutionary adaptation, with prominent impacts on physiological mechanisms important for surviving critical illness. Pathways of interest include inflammation, mitochondrial function, energy metabolism, hypoxic signaling, apoptosis, and defenses against reactive oxygen species. Regulation of these by the cellular circadian clock (BMAL-1 and its network) has an important influence on pulmonary inflammation; ventilator-associated lung injury; septic shock; brain injury, including vasospasm; and overall mortality in both animals and humans. Whether it is cytokines, the inflammasome, or mitochondrial biogenesis, circadian medicine represents exciting opportunities for translational therapy in intensive care, which is currently lacking. Circadian medicine also represents a link to metabolic determinants of outcome, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. More than ever, we are appreciating the problem of circadian desynchrony in intensive care. This review explores the rationale and evidence for the importance of the circadian clock in surviving critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Poole
- Anaesthetics and Critical Care, Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester, UK
| | - David Ray
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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22
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Effect of Dietary Fiber (Oat bran) Supplement in Heart Rate Lowering in Patients with Hypertension: A Randomized DASH-Diet-Controlled Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153148. [PMID: 35956324 PMCID: PMC9370281 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The management goal for patients with essential hypertension (HTN) is not only to lower blood pressure (BP), but also to control increased heart rate (HR). In a previous study, it was found that dietary fiber (DF) supplementation can effectively reduce BP in patients with HTN. The aim of this study was to determine whether a DF supplement can lower HR in patients with HTN. (2) Methods: Seventy patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomly allocated into the control group (n = 34) and the intervention group (n = 36). The regular DASH dietary care was delivered to both groups of patients. In addition, one bag of oat bran (30 g/d, containing DF 8.9 g) was delivered to the intervention group. The 24 h ambulatory heart rate was measured at baseline and 3 months. (3) Results: At 3 months, the 24 h maximum heart rate (24h maxHR) in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group. After the intervention, within-group comparisons in the intervention group revealed that there were significant reductions in the 24 h average heart rate (24h aveHR), 24h maxHR, average heart rate during day time (D-aveHR), minimum heart rate during day time (D-minHR), and maximum heart rate during day time (D-maxHR). Similar differences were not found in the control group. (4) Conclusions: Dietary fiber (oat bran) supplementation might be beneficial in lowering HR in patients with HTN.
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23
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Schroder EA, Ono M, Johnson SR, Rozmus ER, Burgess DE, Esser KA, Delisle BP. The role of the cardiomyocyte circadian clocks in ion channel regulation and cardiac electrophysiology. J Physiol 2022; 600:2037-2048. [PMID: 35301719 PMCID: PMC9980729 DOI: 10.1113/jp282402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Daily variations in cardiac electrophysiology and the incidence for different types of arrhythmias reflect ≈24 h changes in the environment, behaviour and internal circadian rhythms. This article focuses on studies that use animal models to separate the impact that circadian rhythms, as well as changes in the environment and behaviour, have on 24 h rhythms in heart rate and ventricular repolarization. Circadian rhythms are initiated at the cellular level by circadian clocks, transcription-translation feedback loops that cycle with a periodicity of 24 h. Several studies now show that the circadian clock in cardiomyocytes regulates the expression of cardiac ion channels by multiple mechanisms; underlies time-of-day changes in sinoatrial node excitability/intrinsic heart rate; and limits the duration of the ventricular action potential waveform. However, the 24 h rhythms in heart rate and ventricular repolarization are primarily driven by autonomic signalling. A functional role for the cardiomyocyte circadian clock appears to buffer the heart against perturbations. For example, the cardiomyocyte circadian clock limits QT-interval prolongation (especially at slower heart rates), and it may facilitate the realignment of the 24 h rhythm in heart rate to abrupt changes in the light cycle. Additional studies show that modifying rhythmic behaviours (including feeding behaviour) can dramatically impact the 24 h rhythms in heart rate and ventricular repolarization. If these mechanisms are conserved, these studies suggest that targeting endogenous circadian mechanisms in the heart, as well as modifying the timing of certain rhythmic behaviours, could emerge as therapeutic strategies to support heart function against perturbations and regulate 24 h rhythms in cardiac electrophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Schroder
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, MN508, Lexington, KY 40536-0298,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kentucky, 740 S. Limestone Street, L543, Lexington, KY 40536-0284
| | - Makoto Ono
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, MN508, Lexington, KY 40536-0298
| | - Sidney R. Johnson
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, MN508, Lexington, KY 40536-0298
| | - Ezekiel R. Rozmus
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, MN508, Lexington, KY 40536-0298
| | - Don E. Burgess
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, MN508, Lexington, KY 40536-0298
| | - Karyn A. Esser
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brian P. Delisle
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, MN508, Lexington, KY 40536-0298
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24
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Schroder EA, Burgess DE, Johnson SR, Ono M, Seward T, Elayi CS, Esser KA, Delisle BP. Timing of food intake in mice unmasks a role for the cardiomyocyte circadian clock mechanism in limiting QT-interval prolongation. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:525-534. [PMID: 34875962 PMCID: PMC8989643 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.2011307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac electrophysiological studies demonstrate that restricting the feeding of mice to the light cycle (time restricted feeding or TRF) causes a pronounced change in heart rate and ventricular repolarization as measured by the RR- and QT-interval, respectively. TRF slows heart rate and shifts the peak (acrophase) of the day/night rhythms in the RR- and QT-intervals from the light to the dark cycle. This study tested the hypothesis that these changes in cardiac electrophysiology are driven by the cardiomyocyte circadian clock mechanism. We determined the impact that TRF had on RR- and QT-intervals in control mice or mice that had the cardiomyocyte circadian clock mechanism disrupted by inducing the deletion of Bmal1 in adult cardiomyocytes (iCSΔBmal1-/- mice). In control and iCSΔBmal1-/- mice, TRF increased the RR-intervals measured during the dark cycle and shifted the acrophase of the day/night rhythm in the RR-interval from the light to the dark cycle. Compared to control mice, TRF caused a larger prolongation of the QT-interval measured from iCSΔBmal1-/- mice during the dark cycle. The larger QT-interval prolongation in the iCSΔBmal1-/- mice caused an increased mean and amplitude in the day/night rhythm of the QT-interval. There was not a difference in the TRF-induced shift in the day/night rhythm of the QT-interval measured from control or iCSΔBmal1-/- mice. We conclude that the cardiomyocyte circadian clock does not drive the changes in heart rate or ventricular repolarization with TRF. However, TRF unmasks an important role for the cardiomyocyte circadian clock to prevent excessive QT-interval prolongation, especially at slow heart rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Schroder
- Department of Physiology University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA,Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Don E. Burgess
- Department of Physiology University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Makoto Ono
- Department of Physiology University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Tanya Seward
- Department of Physiology University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Karyn A. Esser
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brian P. Delisle
- Department of Physiology University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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25
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Arafa A, Kokubo Y, Shimamoto K, Kashima R, Watanabe E, Sakai Y, Li J, Teramoto M, Sheerah HA, Kusano K. Sleep duration and atrial fibrillation risk in the context of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine: the Suita Study and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. EPMA J 2022; 13:77-86. [PMID: 35273660 PMCID: PMC8897526 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-022-00275-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Background Short and long sleep durations are common behaviors that could predict several cardiovascular diseases. However, the association between sleep duration and atrial fibrillation (AF) risk is not well-established. AF is preventable, and risk prevention approaches could reduce its occurrence. Investigating whether sleep duration could predict AF incidence for possible preventive interventions and determining the impact of various lifestyle and clinical characteristics on this association to personalize such interventions are essential. Herein, we investigated the association between sleep duration and AF risk using a prospective cohort study and a meta-analysis of epidemiological evidence. Methods Data of 6898 people, aged 30-84 years, from the Suita Study, were analyzed. AF was diagnosed during the follow-up by ECG, medical records, checkups, and death certificates, while a baseline questionnaire was used to assess sleep duration. The Cox regression was used to compute the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of AF risk for daily sleep ≤ 6 (short sleep), ≥ 8 (long sleep), and irregular sleep, including night-shift work compared with 7 h (moderate sleep). Then, we combined our results with those from other eligible prospective cohort studies in two meta-analyses for the short and long sleep. Results In the Suita Study, within a median follow-up period of 14.5 years, short and irregular sleep, but not long sleep, were associated with the increased risk of AF in the age- and sex-adjusted models: HRs (95% CIs) = 1.36 (1.03, 1.80) and 1.62 (1.16, 2.26) and the multivariable-adjusted models: HRs (95% CIs) = 1.34 (1.01, 1.77) and 1.63 (1.16, 2.30), respectively. The significant associations between short and irregular sleep and AF risk remained consistent across different ages, sex, smoking, and drinking groups. However, they were attenuated among overweight and hypertensive participants. In the meta-analyses, short and long sleep durations were associated with AF risk: pooled HRs (95% CIs) = 1.21 (1.02, 1.42) and 1.18 (1.03, 1.35). No signs of significant heterogeneity across studies or publication bias were detected. Conclusion Short, long, and irregular sleep could be associated with increased AF risk. In the context of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine, sleep duration should be considered in future AF risk scores to stratify the general population for potential personalized lifestyle modification interventions. Sleep management services should be considered for AF risk prevention, and these services should be individualized according to clinical characteristics and lifestyle factors. Graphical abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13167-022-00275-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Arafa
- grid.410796.d0000 0004 0378 8307Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1, Kishibe-Shinmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565 Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan ,grid.411662.60000 0004 0412 4932Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Yoshihiro Kokubo
- grid.410796.d0000 0004 0378 8307Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1, Kishibe-Shinmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565 Japan
| | - Keiko Shimamoto
- grid.410796.d0000 0004 0378 8307Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Rena Kashima
- grid.410796.d0000 0004 0378 8307Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1, Kishibe-Shinmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565 Japan ,grid.490684.70000 0001 2177 0977Public Health Division, Ibaraki Public Health Center, Osaka Prefectural Government, Ibaraki, Osaka Japan
| | - Emi Watanabe
- grid.410796.d0000 0004 0378 8307Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1, Kishibe-Shinmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565 Japan
| | - Yukie Sakai
- grid.410796.d0000 0004 0378 8307Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1, Kishibe-Shinmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565 Japan
| | - Jiaqi Li
- grid.410796.d0000 0004 0378 8307Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1, Kishibe-Shinmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565 Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Masayuki Teramoto
- grid.410796.d0000 0004 0378 8307Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1, Kishibe-Shinmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565 Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Haytham A. Sheerah
- grid.410796.d0000 0004 0378 8307Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1, Kishibe-Shinmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565 Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kengo Kusano
- grid.410796.d0000 0004 0378 8307Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
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26
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Wang D, Peng P, Dudek M, Hu X, Xu X, Shang Q, Wang D, Jia H, Wang H, Gao B, Zheng C, Mao J, Gao C, He X, Cheng P, Wang H, Zheng J, Hoyland JA, Meng QJ, Luo Z, Yang L. Restoring the dampened expression of the core clock molecule BMAL1 protects against compression-induced intervertebral disc degeneration. Bone Res 2022; 10:20. [PMID: 35217644 PMCID: PMC8881495 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-022-00187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock participates in maintaining homeostasis in peripheral tissues, including intervertebral discs (IVDs). Abnormal mechanical loading is a known risk factor for intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Based on the rhythmic daily loading pattern of rest and activity, we hypothesized that abnormal mechanical loading could dampen the IVD clock, contributing to IDD. Here, we investigated the effects of abnormal loading on the IVD clock and aimed to inhibit compression-induced IDD by targeting the core clock molecule brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (BMAL1). In this study, we showed that BMAL1 KO mice exhibit radiographic features similar to those of human IDD and that BMAL1 expression was negatively correlated with IDD severity by systematic analysis based on 149 human IVD samples. The intrinsic circadian clock in the IVD was dampened by excessive loading, and BMAL1 overexpression by lentivirus attenuated compression-induced IDD. Inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK pathway by Y-27632 or melatonin attenuated the compression-induced decrease in BMAL1 expression. Finally, the two drugs partially restored BMAL1 expression and alleviated IDD in a diurnal compression model. Our results first show that excessive loading dampens the circadian clock of nucleus pulposus tissues via the RhoA/ROCK pathway, the inhibition of which potentially protects against compression-induced IDD by preserving BMAL1 expression. These findings underline the importance of the circadian clock for IVD homeostasis and provide a potentially effective therapeutic strategy for IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Pandi Peng
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China.,Medical Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710068, People's Republic of China
| | - Michal Dudek
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Cell Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Xueyu Hu
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiliang Shang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Wang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoruo Jia
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Wang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Gao
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Mao
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chu Gao
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Medicine Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengzhen Cheng
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanbo Wang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Zheng
- Radiology Department, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Judith A Hoyland
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Qing-Jun Meng
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Cell Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Zhuojing Luo
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China. .,Medical Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710068, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liu Yang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China. .,Medical Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710068, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Kyle JE, Bramer LM, Claborne D, Stratton KG, Bloodsworth KJ, Teeguarden JG, Gaddameedhi S, Metz TO, Van Dongen HPA. Simulated Night-Shift Schedule Disrupts the Plasma Lipidome and Reveals Early Markers of Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:981-994. [PMID: 35645584 PMCID: PMC9133431 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s363437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The circadian system coordinates daily rhythms in lipid metabolism, storage and utilization. Disruptions of internal circadian rhythms due to altered sleep/wake schedules, such as in night-shift work, have been implicated in increased risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders. To determine the impact of a night-shift schedule on the human blood plasma lipidome, an in-laboratory simulated shift work study was conducted. METHODS Fourteen healthy young adults were assigned to 3 days of either a simulated day or night-shift schedule, followed by a 24-h constant routine protocol with fixed environmental conditions, hourly isocaloric snacks, and constant wakefulness to investigate endogenous circadian rhythms. Blood plasma samples collected at 3-h intervals were subjected to untargeted lipidomics analysis. RESULTS More than 400 lipids were identified and quantified across 21 subclasses. Focusing on lipids with low between-subject variation per shift condition, alterations in the circulating plasma lipidome revealed generally increased mean triglyceride levels and decreased mean phospholipid levels after night-shift relative to day-shift. The circadian rhythms of triglycerides containing odd chain fatty acids peaked earlier during constant routine after night-shift. Regardless of shift condition, triglycerides tended to either peak or be depleted at 16:30 h, with chain-specific differences associated with the direction of change. DISCUSSION The simulated night-shift schedule was associated with altered temporal patterns in the lipidome. This may be premorbid to the elevated cardiovascular risk that has been found epidemiologically in night-shift workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Kyle
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Lisa M Bramer
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Daniel Claborne
- Computing and Analytics Division, National Security Directorate, PNNL, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Kelly G Stratton
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Kent J Bloodsworth
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Justin G Teeguarden
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, 99352, USA.,Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Shobhan Gaddameedhi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Thomas O Metz
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Hans P A Van Dongen
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA.,Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
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28
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Molcan L. Telemetric data collection should be standard in modern experimental cardiovascular research. Physiol Behav 2021; 242:113620. [PMID: 34637804 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) health is often expressed by changes in heart rate and blood pressure, the physiological record of which may be affected by moving, anaesthesia, handling, time of day and many other factors in rodents. Telemetry measurement minimises these modulations and enables more accurate physiological recording of heart rate and blood pressure than non-invasive methods. Measurement of arterial blood pressure by telemetry requires implanting a catheter tip into the artery. Telemetry enables us to sample physiological parameters with a high frequency continuously for several months. By measuring the pressure in the artery using telemetry, we can visualize pressure changes over a heart cycle as the pressure wave. From the pressure wave, we can subtract systolic, diastolic, mean and pulse pressure. From the beat-to-beat interval (pressure wave) and the RR' interval (electrocardiogram), we can derive the heart rate. From beat-to-beat variability, we can evaluate the autonomic nervous system's activity and spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity and their impact on CV activity. On a long-term scale, circadian variability of CV parameters is evident. Circadian variability is the result of the circadian system's activity, which synchronises and organises many activities in the body, such as autonomic and reflex modulation of the CV system and its response to load over the day. In the presented review, we aimed to discuss telemetry devices, their types, implantation, set-up, limitations, short-term and long-term variability of heart rate and blood pressure in CV research. Data collection by telemetry should be, despite some limitations, standard in modern experimental CV research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubos Molcan
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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29
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Huang Y, Mayer C, Walch OJ, Bowman C, Sen S, Goldstein C, Tyler J, Forger DB. Distinct Circadian Assessments From Wearable Data Reveal Social Distancing Promoted Internal Desynchrony Between Circadian Markers. Front Digit Health 2021; 3:727504. [PMID: 34870267 PMCID: PMC8634937 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2021.727504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mobile measures of human circadian rhythms (CR) are needed in the age of chronotherapy. Two wearable measures of CR have recently been validated: one that uses heart rate to extract circadian rhythms that originate in the sinoatrial node of the heart, and another that uses activity to predict the laboratory gold standard and central circadian pacemaker marker, dim light melatonin onset (DLMO). We first find that the heart rate markers of normal real-world individuals align with laboratory DLMO measurements when we account for heart rate phase error. Next, we expand upon previous work that has examined sleep patterns or chronotypes during the COVID-19 lockdown by studying the effects of social distancing on circadian rhythms. In particular, using data collected from the Social Rhythms app, a mobile application where individuals upload their wearable data and receive reports on their circadian rhythms, we compared the two circadian phase estimates before and after social distancing. Interestingly, we found that the lockdown had different effects on the two ambulatory measurements. Before the lockdown, the two measures aligned, as predicted by laboratory data. After the lockdown, when circadian timekeeping signals were blunted, these measures diverged in 70% of subjects (with circadian rhythms in heart rate, or CRHR, becoming delayed). Thus, while either approach can measure circadian rhythms, both are needed to understand internal desynchrony. We also argue that interventions may be needed in future lockdowns to better align separate circadian rhythms in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Huang
- Department of Mathematics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Caleb Mayer
- Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Olivia J. Walch
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Clark Bowman
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Hamilton College, Clinton, NY, United States
| | - Srijan Sen
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Cathy Goldstein
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jonathan Tyler
- Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Daniel B. Forger
- Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Michigan Institute for Data Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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30
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Compensatory ion transport buffers daily protein rhythms to regulate osmotic balance and cellular physiology. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6035. [PMID: 34654800 PMCID: PMC8520019 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25942-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Between 6-20% of the cellular proteome is under circadian control and tunes mammalian cell function with daily environmental cycles. For cell viability, and to maintain volume within narrow limits, the daily variation in osmotic potential exerted by changes in the soluble proteome must be counterbalanced. The mechanisms and consequences of this osmotic compensation have not been investigated before. In cultured cells and in tissue we find that compensation involves electroneutral active transport of Na+, K+, and Cl- through differential activity of SLC12A family cotransporters. In cardiomyocytes ex vivo and in vivo, compensatory ion fluxes confer daily variation in electrical activity. Perturbation of soluble protein abundance has commensurate effects on ion composition and cellular function across the circadian cycle. Thus, circadian regulation of the proteome impacts ion homeostasis with substantial consequences for the physiology of electrically active cells such as cardiomyocytes.
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31
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Gottlieb LA, Larsen K, Halade GV, Young ME, Thomsen MB. Prolonged QT intervals in mice with cardiomyocyte-specific deficiency of the molecular clock. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 233:e13707. [PMID: 34176211 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Cardiac arrhythmias and sudden deaths have diurnal rhythms in humans. The underlying mechanisms are unknown. Mice with cardiomyocyte-specific disruption of the molecular clock genes have lower heart rate than control. Because changes in the QT interval on the electrocardiogram is a clinically used marker of risk of arrhythmias, we sought to test if the biological rhythms of QT intervals are dependent on heart rate and if this dependency is changed when the molecular clock is disrupted. METHODS We implanted radio transmitters in male mice with cardiomyocyte-specific Bmal1 knockout (CBK) and in control mice and recorded 24-h ECGs under diurnal and circadian conditions. We obtained left ventricular monophasic action potentials during pacing in hearts ex vivo. RESULTS Both RR and QT intervals were longer in conscious CBK than control mice (RR: 117 ± 7 vs 110 ± 9 ms, P < .05; and QT: 53 ± 4 vs 48 ± 2 ms, P < .05). The prolonged QT interval was independent of the slow heart rate in CBK mice. The QT interval exhibited diurnal and circadian rhythms in both CBK and control mice. The action potential duration was longer in CBK than in control mice, indicating slower repolarization. Action potential alternans occurred at lower pacing rate in hearts from CBK than control mice (12 ± 3 vs 16 ± 2 Hz, respectively, P < .05). CONCLUSION The bradycardic CBK mice have prolonged ventricular repolarization independent of the heart rate. Diurnal and circadian rhythms in repolarization are preserved in CBK mice and are not a consequence of the 24-h rhythm in heart rate. Arrhythmia vulnerability appears to be increased when the cardiac clock is disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A. Gottlieb
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Experimental Cardiology Amsterdam University Medical Centerlocatie AMC Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Karin Larsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Ganesh V. Halade
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences Department of Medicine University of South Florida Tampa FL USA
| | - Martin E. Young
- Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham AL USA
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Clock-Modulating Activities of the Anti-Arrhythmic Drug Moricizine. Clocks Sleep 2021; 3:351-365. [PMID: 34206497 PMCID: PMC8293187 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep3030022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated circadian functions contribute to various diseases, including cardiovascular disease. Much progress has been made on chronotherapeutic applications of drugs against cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, the direct effects of various medications on the circadian system are not well characterized. We previously conducted high-throughput chemical screening for clock modulators and identified an off-patent anti-arrhythmic drug, moricizine, as a clock-period lengthening compound. In Per2:LucSV reporter fibroblast cells, we showed that under both dexamethasone and forskolin synchronization, moricizine was able to increase the circadian period length, with greater effects seen with the former. Titration studies revealed a dose-dependent effect of moricizine to lengthen the period. In contrast, flecainide, another Class I anti-arrhythmic, showed no effects on circadian reporter rhythms. Real-time qPCR analysis in fibroblast cells treated with moricizine revealed significant circadian time- and/or treatment-dependent expression changes in core clock genes, consistent with the above period-lengthening effects. Several clock-controlled cardiac channel genes also displayed altered expression patterns. Using tissue explant culture, we showed that moricizine was able to significantly prolong the period length of circadian reporter rhythms in atrial ex vivo cultures. Using wild-type C57BL/6J mice, moricizine treatment was found to promote sleep, alter circadian gene expression in the heart, and show a slight trend of increasing free-running periods. Together, these observations demonstrate novel clock-modulating activities of moricizine, particularly the period-lengthening effects on cellular oscillators, which may have clinical relevance against heart diseases.
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33
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Hayter EA, Wehrens SMT, Van Dongen HPA, Stangherlin A, Gaddameedhi S, Crooks E, Barron NJ, Venetucci LA, O'Neill JS, Brown TM, Skene DJ, Trafford AW, Bechtold DA. Distinct circadian mechanisms govern cardiac rhythms and susceptibility to arrhythmia. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2472. [PMID: 33931651 PMCID: PMC8087694 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22788-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrical activity in the heart exhibits 24-hour rhythmicity, and potentially fatal arrhythmias are more likely to occur at specific times of day. Here, we demonstrate that circadian clocks within the brain and heart set daily rhythms in sinoatrial (SA) and atrioventricular (AV) node activity, and impose a time-of-day dependent susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmia. Critically, the balance of circadian inputs from the autonomic nervous system and cardiomyocyte clock to the SA and AV nodes differ, and this renders the cardiac conduction system sensitive to decoupling during abrupt shifts in behavioural routine and sleep-wake timing. Our findings reveal a functional segregation of circadian control across the heart's conduction system and inherent susceptibility to arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A Hayter
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sophie M T Wehrens
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Hans P A Van Dongen
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | | | - Shobhan Gaddameedhi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Elena Crooks
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, Eastern Washington University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Nichola J Barron
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Luigi A Venetucci
- Unit of Clinical Physiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Timothy M Brown
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Debra J Skene
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Andrew W Trafford
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Unit of Clinical Physiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David A Bechtold
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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