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Sima L, Wang Z, Yu L, Hou Y, Zhao D, Luo B, Liao W, Liu X. Discovery of LAH-1 as potent c-Met inhibitor for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2286435. [PMID: 38078363 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2286435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRCTDysregulated HGF/c-Met pathway has been implicated in multiple human cancers and has become an attractive target for cancer intervention. Herein, we report the discovery of N-(3-fluoro-4-((2-(3-hydroxyazetidine-1-carboxamido)pyridin-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridazine-3-carboxamide (LAH-1), which demonstrated nanomolar MET kinase activity as well as desirable antiproliferative activity, especially against EBC-1 cells. Mechanism studies confirmed the effects of LAH-1 on modulation of HGF/c-Met pathway, induction of cell apoptosis, inhibition on colony formation as well as cell migration and invasion. In addition, LAH-1 also showed desirable in vitro ADME properties as well as acceptable in vivo PK parameters. The design, synthesis, and characterisation of LAH-1 are described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Sima
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Affiliated Shaoyang Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China (Shaoyang Central Hospital), Shaoyang, China
| | - Zhongyuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Ling Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guiyang Healthcare Vocational University, Guiyang, China
| | - Youli Hou
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhao
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bilan Luo
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Weike Liao
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xinfu Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Affiliated Shaoyang Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China (Shaoyang Central Hospital), Shaoyang, China
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Gholizadeh N, Rokni GR, Zaresharifi S, Gheisari M, Tabari MAK, Zoghi G. Revolutionizing non-melanoma skin cancer treatment: Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors take the stage. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:2793-2806. [PMID: 38812406 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innovative treatments for non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are required to enhance patient outcomes. AIMS This review examines the effectiveness and safety of receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKIs). METHODS A comprehensive review was conducted on the treatment potential of several RTKIs, namely cetuximab, erlotinib, gefitinib, panitumumab, and lapatinib. RESULTS The findings indicate that these targeted therapies hold great promise for the treatment of NMSCs. However, it is crucial to consider relapse rates and possible adverse effects. Further research is needed to improve treatment strategies, identify patient groups that would benefit the most, and assess the long-term efficacy and safety, despite the favorable results reported in previous studies. Furthermore, it is crucial to investigate the potential benefits of integrating RTKIs with immunotherapy and other treatment modalities to enhance the overall efficacy of therapy for individuals with NMSC. CONCLUSIONS Targeted therapies for NMSCs may be possible with the use of RTKIs. The majority of studies focused on utilizing epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors as the primary class of RTKIs for the treatment of NMSC. Other RTKIs were only employed in experimental investigations. Research indicates that RTKIs could potentially serve as a suitable alternative for elderly patients who are unable to undergo chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Gholizadeh
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ghasem Rahmatpour Rokni
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Shirin Zaresharifi
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Gheisari
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Khazeei Tabari
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- USERN Office, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ghazal Zoghi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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Zhao Y, Tang X, Lei T, Fu D, Zhang H. Lipocalin-2 promotes breast cancer brain metastasis by enhancing tumor invasion and modulating brain microenvironment. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1448089. [PMID: 39188682 PMCID: PMC11345181 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1448089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cancer diagnosed in women globally, with brain metastasis emerging as a major cause of death, particularly in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive and triple-negative breast cancer subtypes. Comprehensive understanding of the molecular foundations of central nervous system metastases is imperative for the evolution of efficacious treatment strategies. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), a secreted iron transport protein with multiple functions, has been linked to the progression of breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM). In primary tumors, LCN2 promotes the proliferation and angiogenesis of breast cancer cells, triggers the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, interacts with matrix metalloproteinase-9, thereby facilitating the reorganization of the extracellular matrix and enhancing cancer cell invasion and migration. In brain microenvironment, LCN2 undermines the blood-brain barrier and facilitates tumor seeding in the brain by modulating the behavior of key cellular components. In summary, this review meticulously examines the fuel role of LCN2 in BCBM cascade, and investigates the potential mechanisms involved. It highlights the potential of LCN2 as both a therapeutic target and biomarker, indicating that interventions targeting LCN2 may offer improved outcomes for patients afflicted with BCBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaogen Tang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tingting Lei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongwei Fu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Shunde Hospital of Jinan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyi Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Geng H, Zhi S, Zhou X, Yan Y, Zhang G, Dai S, Lv S, Bi S. Self-Powered Engineering of Cell Membrane Receptors to On-Demand Regulate Cellular Behaviors. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:7895-7902. [PMID: 38913401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
On-demand engineering of cell membrane receptors to nongenetically intervene in cellular behaviors is still a challenge. Herein, a membraneless enzyme biofuel cell-based self-powered biosensor (EBFC-SPB) was developed for autonomously and precisely releasing Zn2+ to initiate DNAzyme-based reprogramming of cell membrane receptors, which further mediates signal transduction to regulate cellular behaviors. The critical component of EBFC-SPB is a hydrogel film on a biocathode which is prepared using a Fe3+-cross-linked alginate hydrogel film loaded with Zn2+ ions. In the working mode in the presence of glucose/O2, the hydrogel is decomposed due to the reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+, accompanied by rapid release of Zn2+ to specifically activate a Zn2+-responsive DNAzyme nanodevice on the cell surface, leading to the dimerization of homologous or nonhomologous receptors to promote or inhibit cell proliferation and migration. This EBFC-SPB platform provides a powerful "sensing-actuating-treating" tool for chemically regulating cellular behaviors, which holds great promise in precision biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Geng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Shandong Provincial Universities for Functional Molecules and Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangcheng Zhi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Shandong Provincial Universities for Functional Molecules and Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemin Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Ultrasonic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256603, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongcun Yan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Shandong Provincial Universities for Functional Molecules and Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofang Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Senquan Dai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Shandong Provincial Universities for Functional Molecules and Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuzhen Lv
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Shandong Provincial Universities for Functional Molecules and Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Sai Bi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Shandong Provincial Universities for Functional Molecules and Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
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Jin F, Lin Y, Yuan W, Wu S, Yang M, Ding S, Liu J, Chen Y. Recent advances in c-Met-based dual inhibitors in the treatment of cancers. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 272:116477. [PMID: 38733884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The cellular-mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (c-Met) is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) located on the 7q31 locus encoding the Met proto-oncogene and plays a critical role in regulating cell proliferation, metastasis, differentiation, and apoptosis through various signaling pathways. However, its aberrant activation and overexpression have been implicated in many human cancers. Therefore, c-Met is a promising target for cancer treatment. However, the anticancer effect of selective single-targeted drugs is limited due to the complexity of the signaling system and the involvement of different proteins and enzymes. After inhibiting one pathway, signal molecules can be transmitted through other pathways, resulting in poor efficacy of single-targeted drug therapy. Dual inhibitors that simultaneously block c-Met and another factor can significantly improve efficacy and overcome some of the shortcomings of single-target inhibitors, including drug resistance. In this review, We introduced c-Met kinase and the synergism between c-Met and other anti-tumor targets, then dual-target inhibitors based on c-Met for the treatment of cancers were summarized and their design concepts and structure-activity relationships (SARs) were discussed elaborately, providing a valuable insight for the further development of novel c-Met-based dual inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanqi Jin
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110036, PR China
| | - Yihan Lin
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110036, PR China
| | - Weidong Yuan
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110036, PR China
| | - Shuang Wu
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110036, PR China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110036, PR China
| | - Shi Ding
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110036, PR China; API Engineering Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110036, PR China; Small Molecular Targeted Drug R&D Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110036, PR China
| | - Ju Liu
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110036, PR China; API Engineering Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110036, PR China; Small Molecular Targeted Drug R&D Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110036, PR China.
| | - Ye Chen
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110036, PR China; API Engineering Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110036, PR China; Small Molecular Targeted Drug R&D Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110036, PR China.
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Mohan CD, Shanmugam MK, Gowda SGS, Chinnathambi A, Rangappa KS, Sethi G. c-MET pathway in human malignancies and its targeting by natural compounds for cancer therapy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155379. [PMID: 38503157 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND c-MET is a receptor tyrosine kinase which is classically activated by HGF to activate its downstream signaling cascades such as MAPK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and STAT3. The c-MET modulates cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), immune response, morphogenesis, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. The c-MET has been shown to serve a prominent role in embryogenesis and early development. The c-MET pathway is deregulated in a broad range of malignancies, due to overexpression of ligands or receptors, genomic amplification, and MET mutations. The link between the deregulation of c-MET signaling and tumor progression has been well-documented. Overexpression or overactivation of c-MET is associated with dismal clinical outcomes and acquired resistance to targeted therapies. Since c-MET activation results in the triggering of oncogenic pathways, abrogating the c-MET pathway is considered to be a pivotal strategy in cancer therapeutics. Herein, an analysis of role of the c-MET pathway in human cancers and its relevance in bone metastasis and therapeutic resistance has been undertaken. Also, an attempt has been made to summarize the inhibitory activity of selected natural compounds towards c-MET signaling in cancers. METHODS The publications related to c-MET pathway in malignancies and its natural compound modulators were obtained from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar and summarized based on PRISMA guidelines. Some of the keywords used for extracting relevant literature are c-MET, natural compound inhibitors of c-MET, c-MET in liver cancer, c-MET in breast cancer, c-MET in lung cancer, c-MET in pancreatic cancer, c-MET in head and neck cancer, c-MET in bone metastasis, c-MET in therapeutic resistance, and combination of c-MET inhibitors and chemotherapeutic agents. The chemical structure of natural compounds was verified in PubChem database. RESULTS The search yielded 3935 publications, of which 195 reference publications were used for our analysis. Clinical trials were referenced using ClinicalTrials.gov identifier. The c-MET pathway has been recognized as a prominent target to combat the growth, metastasis, and chemotherapeutic resistance in cancers. The key role of the c-MET in bone metastasis as well as therapeutic resistance has been elaborated. Also, suppressive effect of selected natural compounds on the c-MET pathway in clinical/preclinical studies has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakrabhavi Dhananjaya Mohan
- FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 001, India
| | - Muthu K Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | | | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kanchugarakoppal S Rangappa
- Institution of Excellence, Vijnana Bhavan, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, Karnataka 570006, India.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
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Zhou SR, Zhu YS, Yuan WT, Pan XY, Wang T, Chen XD. Hepatocyte growth factor promotes retinal pigment epithelium cell activity through MET/AKT signaling pathway. Int J Ophthalmol 2024; 17:806-814. [PMID: 38766346 PMCID: PMC11074208 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2024.05.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the effects of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell behaviors. METHODS The human adult retinal pigment epithelial cell line-19 (ARPE-19) were treated by HGF or mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) inhibitor SU11274 in vitro. Cell viability was detected by a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Cell proliferation and motility was detected by a bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assay and a wound healing assay, respectively. The expression levels of MET, phosphorylated MET, protein kinase B (AKT), and phosphorylated AKT proteins were determined by Western blot assay. The MET and phosphorylated MET proteins were also determined by immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS HGF increased ARPE-19 cells' viability, proliferation and migration, and induced an increase of phosphorylated MET and phosphorylated AKT proteins. SU11274 significantly reduced cell viability, proliferation, and migration and decreased the expression of MET and AKT proteins. SU11274 suppressed HGF-induced increase of viability, proliferation, and migration in ARPE-19 cells. Additionally, SU11274 also blocked HGF-induced phosphorylation of MET and AKT proteins. CONCLUSION HGF enhances cellular viability, proliferation, and migration in RPE cells through the MET/AKT signaling pathway, whereas this enhancement is suppressed by the MET inhibitor SU11274. HGF-induced MET/AKT signaling might be a vital contributor of RPE cells survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Rui Zhou
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi Province, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Zhu
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi Province, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wen-Ting Yuan
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi Province, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Pan
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi Province, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi Province, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Chen
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi Province, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
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Zhang Y, Shen L, Peng Z. Advances in MET tyrosine kinase inhibitors in gastric cancer. Cancer Biol Med 2024; 21:j.issn.2095-3941.2024.0044. [PMID: 38727001 PMCID: PMC11208904 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2024.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is among the most frequently occurring cancers and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Because gastric cancer is highly heterogenous and comprised of different subtypes with distinct molecular and clinical characteristics, the management of gastric cancer calls for better-defined, biomarker-guided, molecular-based treatment strategies. MET is a receptor tyrosine kinase mediating important physiologic processes, such as embryogenesis, tissue regeneration, and wound healing. However, mounting evidence suggests that aberrant MET pathway activation contributes to tumour proliferation and metastasis in multiple cancer types, including gastric cancer, and is associated with poor patient outcomes. As such, MET-targeting therapies are being actively developed and promising progress has been demonstrated, especially with MET tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This review aims to briefly introduce the role of MET alterations in gastric cancer and summarize in detail the current progress of MET tyrosine kinase inhibitors in this disease area with a focus on savolitinib, tepotinib, capmatinib, and crizotinib. Building on current knowledge, this review further discusses existing challenges in MET alterations testing, possible resistance mechanisms to MET inhibitors, and future directions of MET-targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Lin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Zhi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
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Gu Y, Wang Z, Wang Y. Bispecific antibody drug conjugates: Making 1+1>2. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1965-1986. [PMID: 38799638 PMCID: PMC11119582 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Bispecific antibody‒drug conjugates (BsADCs) represent an innovative therapeutic category amalgamating the merits of antibody‒drug conjugates (ADCs) and bispecific antibodies (BsAbs). Positioned as the next-generation ADC approach, BsADCs hold promise for ameliorating extant clinical challenges associated with ADCs, particularly pertaining to issues such as poor internalization, off-target toxicity, and drug resistance. Presently, ten BsADCs are undergoing clinical trials, and initial findings underscore the imperative for ongoing refinement. This review initially delves into specific design considerations for BsADCs, encompassing target selection, antibody formats, and the linker-payload complex. Subsequent sections delineate the extant progress and challenges encountered by BsADCs, illustrated through pertinent case studies. The amalgamation of BsAbs with ADCs offers a prospective solution to prevailing clinical limitations of ADCs. Nevertheless, the symbiotic interplay among BsAb, linker, and payload necessitates further optimizations and coordination beyond a simplistic "1 + 1" to effectively surmount the extant challenges facing the BsADC domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Gu
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhijia Wang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Frontiers Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu 610212, China
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Jabbarzadeh Kaboli P, Chen HF, Babaeizad A, Roustai Geraylow K, Yamaguchi H, Hung MC. Unlocking c-MET: A comprehensive journey into targeted therapies for breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2024; 588:216780. [PMID: 38462033 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women, posing a formidable health challenge worldwide. In this complex landscape, the c-MET (cellular-mesenchymal epithelial transition factor) receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), also recognized as the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor (HGFR), emerges as a prominent protagonist, displaying overexpression in nearly 50% of breast cancer cases. Activation of c-MET by its ligand, HGF, secreted by neighboring mesenchymal cells, contributes to a cascade of tumorigenic processes, including cell proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression. While c-MET inhibitors such as crizotinib, capmatinib, tepotinib and cabozantinib have garnered FDA approval for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), their potential within breast cancer therapy is still undetermined. This comprehensive review embarks on a journey through structural biology, multifaceted functions, and intricate signaling pathways orchestrated by c-MET across cancer types. Furthermore, we highlight the pivotal role of c-MET-targeted therapies in breast cancer, offering a clinical perspective on this promising avenue of intervention. In this pursuit, we strive to unravel the potential of c-MET as a beacon of hope in the fight against breast cancer, unveiling new horizons for therapeutic innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parham Jabbarzadeh Kaboli
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Cancer Biology, Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Fan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Cancer Biology, Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan
| | - Ali Babaeizad
- Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | | | - Hirohito Yamaguchi
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Cancer Biology, Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Cancer Biology, Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan.
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11
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Guérin C, Tulasne D. Recording and classifying MET receptor mutations in cancers. eLife 2024; 13:e92762. [PMID: 38652103 PMCID: PMC11042802 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) directed against MET have been recently approved to treat advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harbouring activating MET mutations. This success is the consequence of a long characterization of MET mutations in cancers, which we propose to outline in this review. MET, a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), displays in a broad panel of cancers many deregulations liable to promote tumour progression. The first MET mutation was discovered in 1997, in hereditary papillary renal cancer (HPRC), providing the first direct link between MET mutations and cancer development. As in other RTKs, these mutations are located in the kinase domain, leading in most cases to ligand-independent MET activation. In 2014, novel MET mutations were identified in several advanced cancers, including lung cancers. These mutations alter splice sites of exon 14, causing in-frame exon 14 skipping and deletion of a regulatory domain. Because these mutations are not located in the kinase domain, they are original and their mode of action has yet to be fully elucidated. Less than five years after the discovery of such mutations, the efficacy of a MET TKI was evidenced in NSCLC patients displaying MET exon 14 skipping. Yet its use led to a resistance mechanism involving acquisition of novel and already characterized MET mutations. Furthermore, novel somatic MET mutations are constantly being discovered. The challenge is no longer to identify them but to characterize them in order to predict their transforming activity and their sensitivity or resistance to MET TKIs, in order to adapt treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Guérin
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020 – UMR1277 - Canther – Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to TherapiesLilleFrance
| | - David Tulasne
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020 – UMR1277 - Canther – Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to TherapiesLilleFrance
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12
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Reda SM, Setti SE, Berthiaume AA, Wu W, Taylor RW, Johnston JL, Stein LR, Moebius HJ, Church KJ. Fosgonimeton attenuates amyloid-beta toxicity in preclinical models of Alzheimer's disease. Neurotherapeutics 2024; 21:e00350. [PMID: 38599894 PMCID: PMC11067346 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurot.2024.e00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Positive modulation of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on its multimodal neurotrophic, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects addressing the complex pathophysiology of neurodegeneration. Fosgonimeton is a small-molecule positive modulator of the HGF system that has demonstrated neurotrophic and pro-cognitive effects in preclinical models of dementia. Herein, we evaluate the neuroprotective potential of fosgonimeton, or its active metabolite, fosgo-AM, in amyloid-beta (Aβ)-driven preclinical models of AD, providing mechanistic insight into its mode of action. In primary rat cortical neurons challenged with Aβ (Aβ1-42), fosgo-AM treatment significantly improved neuronal survival, protected neurite networks, and reduced tau hyperphosphorylation. Interrogation of intracellular events indicated that cortical neurons treated with fosgo-AM exhibited a significant decrease in mitochondrial oxidative stress and cytochrome c release. Following Aβ injury, fosgo-AM significantly enhanced activation of pro-survival effectors ERK and AKT, and reduced activity of GSK3β, one of the main kinases involved in tau hyperphosphorylation. Fosgo-AM also mitigated Aβ-induced deficits in Unc-like kinase 1 (ULK1) and Beclin-1, suggesting a potential effect on autophagy. Treatment with fosgo-AM protected cortical neurons from glutamate excitotoxicity, and such effects were abolished in the presence of an AKT or MEK/ERK inhibitor. In vivo, fosgonimeton administration led to functional improvement in an intracerebroventricular Aβ25-35 rat model of AD, as it significantly rescued cognitive function in the passive avoidance test. Together, our data demonstrate the ability of fosgonimeton to counteract mechanisms of Aβ-induced toxicity. Fosgonimeton is currently in clinical trials for mild-to-moderate AD (NCT04488419; NCT04886063).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif M Reda
- Athira Pharma, Inc., 18706 North Creek Parkway, Suite 104, Bothell, WA, 98011, USA
| | - Sharay E Setti
- Athira Pharma, Inc., 18706 North Creek Parkway, Suite 104, Bothell, WA, 98011, USA
| | | | - Wei Wu
- Athira Pharma, Inc., 18706 North Creek Parkway, Suite 104, Bothell, WA, 98011, USA
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Athira Pharma, Inc., 18706 North Creek Parkway, Suite 104, Bothell, WA, 98011, USA
| | - Jewel L Johnston
- Athira Pharma, Inc., 18706 North Creek Parkway, Suite 104, Bothell, WA, 98011, USA
| | - Liana R Stein
- Athira Pharma, Inc., 18706 North Creek Parkway, Suite 104, Bothell, WA, 98011, USA
| | - Hans J Moebius
- Athira Pharma, Inc., 18706 North Creek Parkway, Suite 104, Bothell, WA, 98011, USA
| | - Kevin J Church
- Athira Pharma, Inc., 18706 North Creek Parkway, Suite 104, Bothell, WA, 98011, USA.
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13
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Crepaldi T, Gallo S, Comoglio PM. The MET Oncogene: Thirty Years of Insights into Molecular Mechanisms Driving Malignancy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:448. [PMID: 38675409 PMCID: PMC11054789 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery and subsequent research on the MET oncogene's role in cancer onset and progression have illuminated crucial insights into the molecular mechanisms driving malignancy. The identification of MET as the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor has paved the path for characterizing the MET tyrosine kinase activation mechanism and its downstream signaling cascade. Over the past thirty years, research has established the importance of HGF/MET signaling in normal cellular processes, such as cell dissociation, migration, proliferation, and cell survival. Notably, genetic alterations that lead to the continuous activation of MET, known as constitutive activation, have been identified as oncogenic drivers in various cancers. The genetic lesions affecting MET, such as exon skipping, gene amplification, and gene rearrangements, provide valuable targets for therapeutic intervention. Moreover, the implications of MET as a resistance mechanism to targeted therapies emphasize the need for combination treatments that include MET inhibitors. The intriguing "flare effect" phenomenon, wherein MET inhibition can lead to post-treatment increases in cancer cell proliferation, underscores the dynamic nature of cancer therapeutics. In human tumors, increased protein expression often occurs without gene amplification. Various mechanisms may cause an overexpression: transcriptional upregulation induced by other oncogenes; environmental factors (such as hypoxia or radiation); or substances produced by the reactive stroma, such as inflammatory cytokines, pro-angiogenic factors, and even HGF itself. In conclusion, the journey to understanding MET's involvement in cancer onset and progression over the past three decades has not only deepened our knowledge, but has also paved the way for innovative therapeutic strategies. Selective pharmacological inactivation of MET stands as a promising avenue for achieving cancer remission, particularly in cases where MET alterations are the primary drivers of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Crepaldi
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10143 Orbassano, Italy; (T.C.); (S.G.)
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, SP142, Km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Simona Gallo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10143 Orbassano, Italy; (T.C.); (S.G.)
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, SP142, Km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Paolo Maria Comoglio
- IFOM ETS—The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
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14
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An W, Hall C, Li J, Hung A, Wu J, Park J, Wang L, Bai XC, Choi E. Activation of the insulin receptor by insulin-like growth factor 2. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2609. [PMID: 38521788 PMCID: PMC10960814 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46990-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin receptor (IR) controls growth and metabolism. Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) has different binding properties on two IR isoforms, mimicking insulin's function. However, the molecular mechanism underlying IGF2-induced IR activation remains unclear. Here, we present cryo-EM structures of full-length human long isoform IR (IR-B) in both the inactive and IGF2-bound active states, and short isoform IR (IR-A) in the IGF2-bound active state. Under saturated IGF2 concentrations, both the IR-A and IR-B adopt predominantly asymmetric conformations with two or three IGF2s bound at site-1 and site-2, which differs from that insulin saturated IR forms an exclusively T-shaped symmetric conformation. IGF2 exhibits a relatively weak binding to IR site-2 compared to insulin, making it less potent in promoting full IR activation. Cell-based experiments validated the functional importance of IGF2 binding to two distinct binding sites in optimal IR signaling and trafficking. In the inactive state, the C-terminus of α-CT of IR-B contacts FnIII-2 domain of the same protomer, hindering its threading into the C-loop of IGF2, thus reducing the association rate of IGF2 with IR-B. Collectively, our studies demonstrate the activation mechanism of IR by IGF2 and reveal the molecular basis underlying the different affinity of IGF2 to IR-A and IR-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong An
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Catherine Hall
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Albert Hung
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jiayi Wu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Junhee Park
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Liwei Wang
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Xiao-Chen Bai
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Eunhee Choi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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15
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Yang S, Wang M, Tian D, Zhang X, Cui K, Lü S, Wang HH, Long M, Nie Z. DNA-functionalized artificial mechanoreceptor for de novo force-responsive signaling. Nat Chem Biol 2024:10.1038/s41589-024-01572-x. [PMID: 38448735 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-024-01572-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic signaling receptors enable programmable cellular responses coupling with customized inputs. However, engineering a designer force-sensing receptor to rewire mechanotransduction remains largely unexplored. Herein, we introduce nongenetically engineered artificial mechanoreceptors (AMRs) capable of reprogramming non-mechanoresponsive receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) to sense user-defined force cues, enabling de novo-designed mechanotransduction. AMR is a modular DNA-protein chimera comprising a mechanosensing-and-transmitting DNA nanodevice grafted on natural RTKs via aptameric anchors. AMR senses intercellular tensile force via an allosteric DNA mechano-switch with tunable piconewton-sensitive force tolerance, actuating a force-triggered dynamic DNA assembly to manipulate RTK dimerization and activate intracellular signaling. By swapping the force-reception ligands, we demonstrate the AMR-mediated activation of c-Met, a representative RTK, in response to the cellular tensile forces mediated by cell-adhesion proteins (integrin, E-cadherin) or membrane protein endocytosis (CI-M6PR). Moreover, AMR also allows the reprogramming of FGFR1, another RTK, to customize mechanobiological function, for example, adhesion-mediated neural stem cell maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Miao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Dawei Tian
- Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiqing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Shouqin Lü
- Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Mian Long
- Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhou Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China.
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16
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Wang J, Wei J, Pu T, Zeng A, Karthikeyan V, Bechtold B, Vo K, Chen J, Lin TP, Chang AP, Corey E, Puhr M, Klocker H, Culig Z, Bland T, Wu BJ. Cholinergic signaling via muscarinic M1 receptor confers resistance to docetaxel in prostate cancer. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101388. [PMID: 38262412 PMCID: PMC10897519 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Docetaxel is the most commonly used chemotherapy for advanced prostate cancer (PC), including castration-resistant disease (CRPC), but the eventual development of docetaxel resistance constitutes a major clinical challenge. Here, we demonstrate activation of the cholinergic muscarinic M1 receptor (CHRM1) in CRPC cells upon acquiring resistance to docetaxel, which is manifested in tumor tissues from PC patients post- vs. pre-docetaxel. Genetic and pharmacological inactivation of CHRM1 restores the efficacy of docetaxel in resistant cells. Mechanistically, CHRM1, via its first and third extracellular loops, interacts with the SEMA domain of cMET and forms a heteroreceptor complex with cMET, stimulating a downstream mitogen-activated protein polykinase program to confer docetaxel resistance. Dicyclomine, a clinically available CHRM1-selective antagonist, reverts resistance and restricts the growth of multiple docetaxel-resistant CRPC cell lines and patient-derived xenografts. Our study reveals a CHRM1-dictated mechanism for docetaxel resistance and identifies a CHRM1-targeted combinatorial strategy for overcoming docetaxel resistance in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Tianjie Pu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Alan Zeng
- Undergraduate Programs, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Varsha Karthikeyan
- Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship Program, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA; Department of Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Baron Bechtold
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Karen Vo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA; Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship Program, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Jingrui Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Tzu-Ping Lin
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Shu-Tien Urological Research, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Republic of China
| | - Amy P Chang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Republic of China
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Martin Puhr
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Helmut Klocker
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Zoran Culig
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tyler Bland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA; WWAMI Medical Education Program, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA.
| | - Boyang Jason Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA.
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17
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Bu L, Ma X, Ji A, Geng K, Feng H, Li L, Zhang A, Cheng Z. Development of a novel 18F-labeled small molecule probe for PET imaging of mesenchymal epithelial transition receptor expression. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:656-668. [PMID: 37940685 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06495-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (c-Met) is frequently overexpressed in numerous cancers and has served as a validated anticancer target. Inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity of c-Met, however, challenges the use of anti-MET therapies, highlighting an urgent need to develop an alternative tool for visualizing whole-body c-Met expression quantitatively and noninvasively. Here we firstly reported an 18F labeled, small-molecule quinine compound-based PET probe, 1-(4-(5-amino-7-(trifluoromethyl) quinolin-3-yl) piperazin-1-yl)-2-(fluoro-[18F]) propan-1-one, herein referred as [18F]-AZC. METHODS [18F]-AZC was synthesized via a one-step substitution reaction and characterized by radiochemistry methods. [18F]-AZC specificity and affinity toward c-Met were assessed by cell uptake assay, with or without cold compound [19F]-AZC or commercial c-Met inhibitor blocking. MicroPET/CT imaging and biodistribution studies were conducted in subcutaneous murine xenografts of glioma. Additionally, [18F]-AZC was then further evaluated in orthotopic glioma xenografts, by microPET/CT imaging accompanied with MRI and autoradiography for co-registration of the tumor. Immunofluorescence staining was also carried out to qualitatively evaluate the c-Met expression in tumor tissue, co-localizes with H&E staining. RESULTS This probe shows easy radiosynthesis, high stability in vitro and in vivo, high targeting affinity, and favorable lipophilicity and brain transport coefficient. [18F]-AZC demonstrates excellent tumor imaging properties in vivo and can delineate c-Met positive glioma specifically at 1 h after intravenous injection of the probe. Moreover, favorable correlation was observed between the [18F]-AZC accumulation and the amount of c-Met expression in tumor. CONCLUSION This novel imaging probe could be applied as a valuable tool for management of anti-c-Met therapies in patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Bu
- PET-CT/MRI Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5484, USA
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- PET-CT Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Aiyan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Kaijun Geng
- National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hongyan Feng
- PET-CT/MRI Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Li Li
- PET-CT/MRI Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5484, USA.
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, 264117, Shandong, China.
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18
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Al-Ghabkari A, Huang B, Park M. Aberrant MET Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling in Glioblastoma: Targeted Therapy and Future Directions. Cells 2024; 13:218. [PMID: 38334610 PMCID: PMC10854665 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors represent a heterogeneous group of neoplasms characterized by a high degree of aggressiveness and a poor prognosis. Despite recent therapeutic advances, the treatment of brain tumors, including glioblastoma (GBM), an aggressive primary brain tumor associated with poor prognosis and resistance to therapy, remains a significant challenge. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are critical during development and in adulthood. Dysregulation of RTKs through activating mutations and gene amplification contributes to many human cancers and provides attractive therapeutic targets for treatment. Under physiological conditions, the Met RTK, the hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) receptor, promotes fundamental signaling cascades that modulate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) involved in tissue repair and embryogenesis. In cancer, increased Met activity promotes tumor growth and metastasis by providing signals for proliferation, survival, and migration/invasion. Recent clinical genomic studies have unveiled multiple mechanisms by which MET is genetically altered in GBM, including focal amplification, chromosomal rearrangements generating gene fusions, and a splicing variant mutation (exon 14 skipping, METex14del). Notably, MET overexpression contributes to chemotherapy resistance in GBM by promoting the survival of cancer stem-like cells. This is linked to distinctive Met-induced pathways, such as the upregulation of DNA repair mechanisms, which can protect tumor cells from the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy. The development of MET-targeted therapies represents a major step forward in the treatment of brain tumours. Preclinical studies have shown that MET-targeted therapies (monoclonal antibodies or small molecule inhibitors) can suppress growth and invasion, enhancing the efficacy of conventional therapies. Early-phase clinical trials have demonstrated promising results with MET-targeted therapies in improving overall survival for patients with recurrent GBM. However, challenges remain, including the need for patient stratification, the optimization of treatment regimens, and the identification of mechanisms of resistance. This review aims to highlight the current understanding of mechanisms underlying MET dysregulation in GBM. In addition, it will focus on the ongoing preclinical and clinical assessment of therapies targeting MET dysregulation in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhameed Al-Ghabkari
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; (A.A.-G.); (B.H.)
| | - Bruce Huang
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; (A.A.-G.); (B.H.)
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Morag Park
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; (A.A.-G.); (B.H.)
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3T2, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
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19
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Iram S, Rahman S, Choi I, Kim J. Insight into the function of tetranectin in human diseases: A review and prospects for tetranectin-targeted disease treatment. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23512. [PMID: 38187250 PMCID: PMC10770464 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Tetranectin (TN), a serum protein, is closely associated with different types of cancers. TN binds plasminogen and promotes the proteolytic activation of plasminogen into plasmin, which suggests that TN is involved in remodeling the extracellular matrix and cancer tissues during cancer development. TN is also associated with other diseases, such as developmental disorders, cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases, inflammation, and diabetes. Although the functional mechanism of TN in diseases is not fully elucidated, TN binds different proteins, such as structural protein, a growth factor, and a transcription regulator. Moreover, TN changes and regulates protein functions, indicating that TN-binding proteins mediate the association between TN and diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge of TN-associated diseases and TN functions with TN-binding proteins in different diseases. In addition, potential TN-targeted disease treatment by inhibiting the interaction between TN and its binding proteins is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Iram
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Safikur Rahman
- Department of Botany, Munshi Singh College, BR Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, 845401, India
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoe Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
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20
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Mi X, Chen C, Feng C, Qin Y, Chen ZJ, Yang Y, Zhao S. The Functions and Application Prospects of Hepatocyte Growth Factor in Reproduction. Curr Gene Ther 2024; 24:347-355. [PMID: 39005061 DOI: 10.2174/0115665232291010240221104445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is expressed in multiple systems and mediates a variety of biological activities, such as mitosis, motility, and morphogenesis. A growing number of studies have revealed the expression patterns and functions of HGF in ovarian and testicular physiology from the prenatal to the adult stage. HGF regulates folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis by modulating the functions of theca cells and granulosa cells in the ovary. It also mediates somatic cell proliferation and steroidogenesis, thereby affecting spermatogenesis in males. In addition to its physiological effects on the reproductive system, HGF has shown advantages in preclinical studies over recent years for the treatment of male and female infertility, particularly in women with premature ovarian insufficiency. This review aims to summarize the pleiotropic functions of HGF in the reproductive system and to provide prospects for its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Mi
- Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Caiyi Chen
- Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Feng
- Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yingying Qin
- Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring (No.2021RU001), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajuan Yang
- Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shidou Zhao
- Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Tannoo RM, Richert L, Koschut D, Tomishige N, Treffert SM, Kobayashi T, Mély Y, Orian-Rousseau V. Quantitative live imaging reveals a direct interaction between CD44v6 and MET in membrane domains upon activation with both MET ligands, HGF and internalin B. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2024; 1866:184236. [PMID: 37793560 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2023.184236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Deregulation of the receptor tyrosine kinase MET/hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) pathway results in several pathological processes involved in tumor progression and metastasis. In a different context, MET can serve as an entry point for the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, when activated by the internalin B (InlB) protein during infection of non-phagocytic cells. We have previously demonstrated that MET requires CD44v6 for its ligand-induced activation. However, the stoichiometry and the steps required for the formation of this complex, are still unknown. In this work, we studied the dynamics of the ligand-induced interaction of CD44v6 with MET at the plasma membrane. Using Förster resonance energy transfer-based fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy in T-47D cells, we evidenced a direct interaction between MET and CD44v6 promoted by HGF and InlB in live cells. In the absence of MET, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy experiments further showed the dimerization of CD44v6 and the increase of its diffusion induced by HGF and InlB. In the presence of MET, stimulation of the cells by HGF or InlB significantly decreased the diffusion of CD44v6, in line with the formation of a ternary complex of MET with CD44v6 and HGF/InlB. Finally, similarly to HGF/InlB, disruption of liquid-ordered domains (Lo) by methyl-β-cyclodextrin increased CD44v6 mobility suggesting that these factors induce the exit of CD44v6 from the Lo domains. Our data led us to propose a model for MET activation, where CD44v6 dimerizes and diffuses rapidly out of Lo domains to form an oligomeric MET/ligand/CD44v6 complex that is instrumental for MET activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryshtee Mary Tannoo
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Pathologies (LBP), University of Strasbourg (UNISTRA), France; Institute of Biological and Chemical systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany
| | - Ludovic Richert
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Pathologies (LBP), University of Strasbourg (UNISTRA), France.
| | - David Koschut
- Institute of Biological and Chemical systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany; Disease Intervention Technology Lab (DITL), Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Nario Tomishige
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Pathologies (LBP), University of Strasbourg (UNISTRA), France
| | - Sven Máté Treffert
- Institute of Biological and Chemical systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany
| | - Toshihide Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Pathologies (LBP), University of Strasbourg (UNISTRA), France
| | - Yves Mély
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Pathologies (LBP), University of Strasbourg (UNISTRA), France.
| | - Véronique Orian-Rousseau
- Institute of Biological and Chemical systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany.
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Rocco D, Gravara LD, Palazzolo G, Gridelli C. The Treatment of a New Entity in Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: MET Exon 14 Skipping Mutation. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:3043-3056. [PMID: 37534484 DOI: 10.2174/0929867331666230803094432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MET (MET Proto-Oncogene, Receptor Tyrosine Kinase) exon 14 skipping mutation represents one of the most common MET alterations, accounting for approximately 1-3% of all mutations in advanced lung adenocarcinomas. While until 2020 no specific treatment was available for this subset of patients, as of today, three MET Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) are currently approved in this setting, namely capmatinib, tepotinib and savolitinib. OBJECTIVE This article aims to provide an extensive overview of the current therapeutic standard of care for exon 14 skipped advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients, alongside with mentions of the main future challenges and opportunities. CONCLUSION FDA-approved MET-TKIs currently represent the best option for treating exon 14 skipped advanced NSCLC patients, thanks to their excellent efficacy profile, alongside their manageable safety and tolerability. However, we currently lack specific agents to treat patients progressing on capmatinib or tepotinib, due to a limited understanding of the mechanisms underlying both on- and off-target resistance. In this respect, on-target mutations presently constitute the most explored ones from a mechanistic point of view, and type II MET-TKIs are currently under investigation as the most promising agents capable of overcoming the acquired resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Rocco
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, AORN dei Colli Monaldi, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Della Gravara
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università Degli Studi Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Cesare Gridelli
- Division of Medical Oncology, S.G. Moscati Hospital, Avellino, Italy
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23
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Tarvestad-Laise KE, Ceresa BP. Modulating Growth Factor Receptor Signaling to Promote Corneal Epithelial Homeostasis. Cells 2023; 12:2730. [PMID: 38067157 PMCID: PMC10706396 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The corneal epithelium is the first anatomical barrier between the environment and the cornea; it is critical for proper light refraction onto the retina and prevents pathogens (e.g., bacteria, viruses) from entering the immune-privileged eye. Trauma to the highly innervated corneal epithelium is extremely painful and if not resolved quickly or properly, can lead to infection and ultimately blindness. The healthy eye produces its own growth factors and is continuously bathed in tear fluid that contains these proteins and other nutrients to maintain the rapid turnover and homeostasis of the ocular surface. In this article, we review the roles of growth factors in corneal epithelial homeostasis and regeneration and some of the limitations to their use therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E. Tarvestad-Laise
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Brian P. Ceresa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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24
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An B, Nie W, Hu J, Fan Y, Nie H, Wang M, Zhao Y, Yao H, Ren Y, Zhang C, Wei M, Li W, Liu J, Yang C, Zhang Y, Li X, Tian G. A novel c-Met/TRK inhibitor 1D228 efficiently inhibits tumor growth by targeting angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:728. [PMID: 37945598 PMCID: PMC10636171 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Multiple tumors are synergistically promoted by c-Met and TRK, and blocking their cross-signalling pathway may give better effects. In this study, we developed a tyrosine kinase inhibitor 1D228, which exhibited excellent anti-tumor activity by targeting c-Met and TRK. Models in vitro, 1D228 showed a significant better inhibition on cancer cell proliferation and migration than the positive drug Tepotinib. Models in vivo, 1D228 showed robust anti-tumor effect on gastric and liver tumor growth with 94.8% and 93.4% of the TGI, respectively, comparing 67.61% and 63.9% of Tepotinib. Importantly, compared with the combination of Larotrectinib and Tepotinib, 1D228 monotherapy in MKN45 xenograft tumor models showed stronger antitumor activity and lower toxicity. Mechanistic studies showed that 1D228 can largely inhibit the phosphorylation of TRKB and c-Met. Interestingly, both kinases, TRKs and c-Met, have been found to be co-expressed at high levels in patients with gastric cancer through IHC. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis has revealed that both genes are abnormally co-expressed in multiple types of cancer. Cell cycle analysis found that 1D228 induced G0/G1 arrest by inhibiting cyclin D1. Additionally, vascular endothelial cells also showed a pronounced response to 1D228 due to its expression of TRKB and c-Met. 1D228 suppressed the migration and tube formation of endothelial cells, which are the key functions of tumor angiogenesis. Taken together, compound 1D228 may be a promising candidate for the next generation of c-Met and TRK inhibitors for cancer treatment, and offers a novel potential treatment strategy for cancer patients with abnormal expressions of c-Met or NTRK, or simultaneous of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baijiao An
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China
| | - Wenyan Nie
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China
| | - Jinhui Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, PR China
| | - Yangyang Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China
| | - Haoran Nie
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China
| | - Mengxuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China
| | - Yaxuan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China
| | - Han Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Chuanchuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China
| | - Mengna Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jiadai Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Chunhua Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China
| | - Yin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China.
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China.
| | - Xingshu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Geng Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China.
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China.
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Du Y, Sun H, Shi Z, Sui X, Liu B, Zheng Z, Liu Y, Xuan Z, Zhong M, Fu M, Bai Y, Zhang Q, Shao C. Targeting the hedgehog pathway in MET mutation cancers and its effects on cells associated with cancer development. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:313. [PMID: 37919751 PMCID: PMC10623711 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01333-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The mutation of MET plays a crucial role in the initiation of cancer, while the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway also plays a significant role in cell differentiation and the maintenance of tumor stem cells. Conventional chemotherapy drugs are primarily designed to target the majority of cell populations within tumors rather than tumor stem cells. Consequently, after a brief period of remission, tumors often relapse. Moreover, the exclusive targeting of tumor stemness cell disregards the potential for other tumor cells to regain stemness and acquire drug resistance. As a result, current drugs that solely target the HGF/c-MET axis and the Hh pathway demonstrate only moderate efficacy in specific types of cancer. Mounting evidence indicates that these two pathways not only play important roles in cancer but also exert significant influence on the development of resistance to single-target therapies through the secretion of their own ligands. In this comprehensive review, we analyze and compare the potential impact of the Hh pathway on the tumor microenvironment (TME) in HGF/c-MET-driven tumor models, as well as the interplay between different cell types. Additionally, we further substantiate the potential and necessity of dual-pathway combination therapy as a critical target in MET addicted cancer treatment. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Du
- Department of Urology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361101, China
| | - Huimin Sun
- Central Laboratory, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361101, China
| | - Zhiyuan Shi
- Department of Urology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361101, China
| | - Xiuyuan Sui
- Department of Urology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361101, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Urology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361101, China
| | - Zeyuan Zheng
- Department of Urology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361101, China
| | - Yankuo Liu
- Department of Urology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361101, China
| | - Zuodong Xuan
- Department of Urology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361101, China
| | - Min Zhong
- Department of Urology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361101, China
| | - Meiling Fu
- Department of Urology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361101, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Urology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361101, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Chen Shao
- Department of Urology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361101, China.
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26
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Ma H, Wei W, Liang D, Xu X, Yang D, Wang Q, Wang Y, Wei Q, Sun B, Zhao X. HGF-Based CAR-T Cells Target Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells That Express High Levels of c-Met. Immunol Invest 2023; 52:735-748. [PMID: 37409941 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2023.2232402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CAR-T is emerging as an effective treatment strategy for hematologic malignancies, however its effectiveness for treating solid tumors, such as Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is limited. Here, we screened a variety of CAR-T cells that target c-Met to investigate their potential to induce HCC cell death in vitro. METHODS Human T cells were transduced to express CARs by lentiviral vector transfection. c-Met expression in human HCC cell lines and CARs expression were monitored by flow cytometry. Tumor cell killing was evaluated by Luciferase Assay System Kit. The concentrations of cytokine were tested by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Knock down and overexpression studies targeting c-Met were conducted to assess the targeting specificity of CARs. RESULTS We found that CAR T cells expressing a minimal amino-terminal polypeptide sequence comprising the first kringle (kringle 1) domain (denoted as NK1 CAR-T cells), efficiently killed HCC cell lines that expressed high levels of the HGF receptor c-Met. Furthermore, we report that while NK1 CAR-T cells were efficient at targeting SMMC7221 cells for destruction, and its potency was significantly attenuated in parallel experiments with cells stably expressing short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) that suppressed c-Met expression. Correspondingly, overexpression of c-Met in the embryonic kidney cell line HEK293T led to their enhanced killing by NK1 CAR-T cells. CONCLUSION Our studies demonstrate that a minimal amino-terminal polypeptide sequence comprising the kirngle1 domain of HGF is highly relevant to the design of effective CAR-T cell therapies that kill HCC cells expressing high levels of c-Met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenwen Wei
- Department of Targeting Therapy & Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dandan Liang
- Department of Targeting Therapy & Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xing Xu
- Core Facilities, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Targeting Therapy & Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Quan Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Targeting Therapy & Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Department of Targeting Therapy & Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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27
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Grädler U, Schwarz D, Wegener A, Eichhorn T, Bandeiras TM, Freitas MC, Lammens A, Ganichkin O, Augustin M, Minguzzi S, Becker F, Bomke J. Biophysical and structural characterization of the impacts of MET phosphorylation on tepotinib binding. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105328. [PMID: 37806493 PMCID: PMC10654029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase MET is activated by hepatocyte growth factor binding, followed by phosphorylation of the intracellular kinase domain (KD) mainly within the activation loop (A-loop) on Y1234 and Y1235. Dysregulation of MET can lead to both tumor growth and metastatic progression of cancer cells. Tepotinib is a highly selective, potent type Ib MET inhibitor and approved for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer harboring METex14 skipping alterations. Tepotinib binds to the ATP site of unphosphorylated MET with critical π-stacking contacts to Y1230 of the A-loop, resulting in a high residence time. In our study, we combined protein crystallography, biophysical methods (surface plasmon resonance, differential scanning fluorimetry), and mass spectrometry to clarify the impacts of A-loop conformation on tepotinib binding using different recombinant MET KD protein variants. We solved the first crystal structures of MET mutants Y1235D, Y1234E/1235E, and F1200I in complex with tepotinib. Our biophysical and structural data indicated a linkage between reduced residence times for tepotinib and modulation of A-loop conformation either by mutation (Y1235D), by affecting the overall Y1234/Y1235 phosphorylation status (L1195V and F1200I) or by disturbing critical π-stacking interactions with tepotinib (Y1230C). We corroborated these data with target engagement studies by fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy using KD constructs in cell lysates or full-length receptors from solubilized cellular membranes as WT or activated mutants (Y1235D and Y1234E/1235E). Collectively, our results provide further insight into the MET A-loop structural determinants that affect the binding of the selective inhibitor tepotinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Grädler
- The Healthcare Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Daniel Schwarz
- The Healthcare Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ansgar Wegener
- The Healthcare Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Tiago M Bandeiras
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Micael C Freitas
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jörg Bomke
- The Healthcare Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
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28
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Rygiel KA, Elkins JM. Recent advances in the structural biology of tyrosine kinases. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2023; 82:102665. [PMID: 37562149 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2023.102665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The past few years have seen exciting discoveries in the area of tyrosine kinase structural biology including the first high resolution models of full-length receptor tyrosine kinases and new mechanistic insights into the structural mechanisms of receptor tyrosine kinase activation. Despite being a mature area of research, the application of new technologies continues to advance our understanding. In this article we highlight a selection of recent studies that illustrate the current areas of research interest, focussing in particular on the exciting progress made possible by cryo-electron-microscopy. These new discoveries may herald a wave of new design ideas for therapeutics acting through novel mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina A Rygiel
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, NDM Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Jonathan M Elkins
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, NDM Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK.
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29
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Wu X, Chen CW, Jaiswal S, Chang TS, Zhang R, Dame MK, Duan Y, Jiang H, Spence JR, Hsieh SY, Wang TD. Near-Infrared Imaging of Colonic Adenomas In Vivo Using Orthotopic Human Organoids for Early Cancer Detection. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4795. [PMID: 37835489 PMCID: PMC10571995 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Premalignant lesions that are flat and subtle in morphology are often missed in conventional colonoscopies. Patient-derived adenoma colonoids with high and low cMet expression and normal colonoids were implanted orthotopically in the colon of immunocompromised mice to serve as a preclinical model system. A peptide specific for cMet was labeled with IRDye800, a near-infrared (NIR) fluorophore. This peptide was administered intravenously, and in vivo imaging was performed using a small animal fluorescence endoscope. Quantified intensities showed a peak target-to-background ratio at ~1 h after intravenous peptide injection, and the signal cleared by ~24 h. The peptide was stable in serum with a half-life of 3.6 h. Co-staining of adenoma and normal colonoids showed a high correlation between peptide and anti-cMet antibody. A human-specific cytokeratin stain verified the presence of human tissues implanted among surrounding normal mouse colonic mucosa. Peptide biodistribution was consistent with rapid renal clearance. No signs of acute toxicity were found on either animal necropsy or serum hematology and chemistries. Human colonoids provide a clinically relevant preclinical model to evaluate the specific uptake of a NIR peptide to detect premalignant colonic lesions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (X.W.); (S.J.); (M.K.D.); (J.R.S.)
| | - Chun-Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Sangeeta Jaiswal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (X.W.); (S.J.); (M.K.D.); (J.R.S.)
| | - Tse-Shao Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Ruoliu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Michael K. Dame
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (X.W.); (S.J.); (M.K.D.); (J.R.S.)
| | - Yuting Duan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (Y.D.); (H.J.)
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (Y.D.); (H.J.)
| | - Jason R. Spence
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (X.W.); (S.J.); (M.K.D.); (J.R.S.)
| | - Sen-Yung Hsieh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Thomas D. Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (X.W.); (S.J.); (M.K.D.); (J.R.S.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
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30
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Altintas DM, Comoglio PM. An Observatory for the MET Oncogene: A Guide for Targeted Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4672. [PMID: 37760640 PMCID: PMC10526818 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The MET proto-oncogene encodes a pivotal tyrosine kinase receptor, binding the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF, also known as scatter factor, SF) and governing essential biological processes such as organogenesis, tissue repair, and angiogenesis. The pleiotropic physiological functions of MET explain its diverse role in cancer progression in a broad range of tumors; genetic/epigenetic alterations of MET drive tumor cell dissemination, metastasis, and acquired resistance to conventional and targeted therapies. Therefore, targeting MET emerged as a promising strategy, and many efforts were devoted to identifying the optimal way of hampering MET signaling. Despite encouraging results, however, the complexity of MET's functions in oncogenesis yields intriguing observations, fostering a humbler stance on our comprehension. This review explores recent discoveries concerning MET alterations in cancer, elucidating their biological repercussions, discussing therapeutic avenues, and outlining future directions. By contextualizing the research question and articulating the study's purpose, this work navigates MET biology's intricacies in cancer, offering a comprehensive perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo M. Comoglio
- IFOM ETS—The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milano, Italy;
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31
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Kawakami N, Sato H, Terasaka N, Matsumoto K, Suga H. MET-Activating Ubiquitin Multimers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307157. [PMID: 37450419 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are generally activated through their dimerization and/or oligomerization induced by their cognate ligands, and one such RTK hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor, known as MET, plays an important role in tissue regeneration. Here we show the development of ubiquitin (Ub)-based protein ligand multimers, referred to as U-bodies, which act as surrogate agonists for MET and are derived from MET-binding macrocyclic peptides. Monomeric Ub constructs (U-body) were first generated by genetic implantation of a macrocyclic peptide pharmacophore into a structural loop of Ub (lasso-grafting) and subsequent optimization of its flanking spacer sequences via mRNA display. Such U-body constructs exhibit potent binding affinity to MET, thermal stability, and proteolytic stability. The U-body constructs also partially/fully inhibited or enhanced HGF-induced MET-phosphorylation. Their multimerization to dimeric, tetrameric, and octameric U-bodies linked by an appropriate peptide linker yielded potent MET activation activity and downstream cell proliferation-promoting activity. This work suggests that lasso-grafting of macrocycles to Ub is an effective approach to devising protein-based artificial RTK agonists and it can be useful in the development of a new class of biologics for various therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Kawakami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Division of Tumor Dynamics and Regulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
- WPI-Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Naohiro Terasaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Kunio Matsumoto
- Division of Tumor Dynamics and Regulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
- WPI-Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Suga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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32
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Araghi M, Mannani R, Heidarnejad maleki A, Hamidi A, Rostami S, Safa SH, Faramarzi F, Khorasani S, Alimohammadi M, Tahmasebi S, Akhavan-Sigari R. Recent advances in non-small cell lung cancer targeted therapy; an update review. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:162. [PMID: 37568193 PMCID: PMC10416536 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02990-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer continues to be the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In the last decade, significant advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer, particularly NSCLC, have been achieved with the help of molecular translational research. Among the hopeful breakthroughs in therapeutic approaches, advances in targeted therapy have brought the most successful outcomes in NSCLC treatment. In targeted therapy, antagonists target the specific genes, proteins, or the microenvironment of tumors supporting cancer growth and survival. Indeed, cancer can be managed by blocking the target genes related to tumor cell progression without causing noticeable damage to normal cells. Currently, efforts have been focused on improving the targeted therapy aspects regarding the encouraging outcomes in cancer treatment and the quality of life of patients. Treatment with targeted therapy for NSCLC is changing rapidly due to the pace of scientific research. Accordingly, this updated study aimed to discuss the tumor target antigens comprehensively and targeted therapy-related agents in NSCLC. The current study also summarized the available clinical trial studies for NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Araghi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Reza Mannani
- Vascular Surgeon, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Adel Hamidi
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Arak Branch, karaj, Iran
| | - Samaneh Rostami
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Faramarzi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sahar Khorasani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Alimohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Safa Tahmasebi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Akhavan-Sigari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Health Care Management and Clinical Research, Collegium Humanum Warsaw Management University Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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33
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Choi Y, Cho BK, Seok SH, Kim C, Ryu JH, Kwon IC. Controlled spatial characteristics of ligands on nanoparticles: Determinant of cellular functions. J Control Release 2023; 360:672-686. [PMID: 37437847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Interactions of various ligands and receptors have been extensively investigated because they regulate a series of signal transduction leading to various functional cellular outcomes. The receptors on cell membrane recognize their specific ligands, resulting in specific binding between ligands and receptors. Accumulating evidence reveals that the receptors recognize the difference on the spatial characteristics of ligands as well as the types of ligands. Thus, control on spatial characteristics of multiple ligands presented on therapeutic nanoparticles is believed to impact the cellular functions. Specifically, the localized and multivalent distribution of ligands on nanoparticles can induce receptor oligomerization and receptor clustering, controlling intensity or direction of signal transduction cascades. Here, we will introduce recent studies on the use of material-based nanotechnology to control spatial characteristics of ligands and their effect on cellular functions. These therapeutic nanoparticles with controlled spatial characteristics of ligands may be a promising strategy for maximized therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjin Choi
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Kyung Cho
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyun Seok
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Chansoo Kim
- Computational Science Centre & ASSIST, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; AI-Robot Department, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hee Ryu
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ick Chan Kwon
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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34
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Zhong J, Wu X, Gao Y, Chen J, Zhang M, Zhou H, Yang J, Xiao F, Yang X, Huang N, Qi H, Wang X, Bai F, Shi Y, Zhang N. Circular RNA encoded MET variant promotes glioblastoma tumorigenesis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4467. [PMID: 37491377 PMCID: PMC10368723 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40212-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated by its single ligand, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), the receptor tyrosine kinase MET is pivotal in promoting glioblastoma (GBM) stem cell self-renewal, invasiveness and tumorigenicity. Nevertheless, HGF/MET-targeted therapy has shown limited clinical benefits in GBM patients, suggesting hidden mechanisms of MET signalling in GBM. Here, we show that circular MET RNA (circMET) encodes a 404-amino-acid MET variant (MET404) facilitated by the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) reader YTHDF2. Genetic ablation of circMET inhibits MET404 expression in mice and attenuates MET signalling. Conversely, MET404 knock-in (KI) plus P53 knock-out (KO) in mouse astrocytes initiates GBM tumorigenesis and shortens the overall survival. MET404 directly interacts with the MET β subunit and forms a constitutively activated MET receptor whose activity does not require HGF stimulation. High MET404 expression predicts poor prognosis in GBM patients, indicating its clinical relevance. Targeting MET404 through a neutralizing antibody or genetic ablation reduces GBM tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo, and combinatorial benefits are obtained with the addition of a traditional MET inhibitor. Overall, we identify a MET variant that promotes GBM tumorigenicity, offering a potential therapeutic strategy for GBM patients, especially those with MET hyperactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangdong Translational Medicine Innovation Platform, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xujia Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangdong Translational Medicine Innovation Platform, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Yixin Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangdong Translational Medicine Innovation Platform, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Junju Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangdong Translational Medicine Innovation Platform, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Maolei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangdong Translational Medicine Innovation Platform, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Huangkai Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangdong Translational Medicine Innovation Platform, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Jia Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangdong Translational Medicine Innovation Platform, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Feizhe Xiao
- Department of Scientific Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangdong Translational Medicine Innovation Platform, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Nunu Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangdong Translational Medicine Innovation Platform, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Haoyue Qi
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunopathology of the Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiuxing Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
- Institute for Brain Tumors, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
| | - Fan Bai
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University (PKU), Beijing, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yu Shi
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunopathology of the Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Nu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangdong Translational Medicine Innovation Platform, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
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35
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Kościuszko M, Buczyńska A, Krętowski AJ, Popławska-Kita A. Could Oxidative Stress Play a Role in the Development and Clinical Management of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3182. [PMID: 37370792 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress (OS) has been implicated as a relevant risk factor for cancer progression. Furthermore, patients diagnosed with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) have been characterized by an increased OS status. Therefore, assessing OS status could potentially be considered a useful tool in DTC clinical management. This measurement could be particularly valuable in personalizing treatment protocols and determining new potential medical targets to improve commonly used therapies. A literature review was conducted to gather new information on DTC clinical management, with a particular focus on evaluating the clinical utility of OS. These meta-analyses concentrate on novel approaches that employ the measurement of oxidative-antioxidant status, which could represent the most promising area for implementing clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kościuszko
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Angelika Buczyńska
- Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Jacek Krętowski
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
- Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Popławska-Kita
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
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36
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Xie T, Xu G, Liu Y, Quade B, Lin W, Bai XC. Structural insights into the assembly of the agrin/LRP4/MuSK signaling complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2300453120. [PMID: 37252960 PMCID: PMC10266037 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300453120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MuSK is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that plays essential roles in the formation and maintenance of the neuromuscular junction. Distinct from most members of RTK family, MuSK activation requires not only its cognate ligand agrin but also its coreceptors LRP4. However, how agrin and LRP4 coactivate MuSK remains unclear. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of the extracellular ternary complex of agrin/LRP4/MuSK in a stoichiometry of 1:1:1. This structure reveals that arc-shaped LRP4 simultaneously recruits both agrin and MuSK to its central cavity, thereby promoting a direct interaction between agrin and MuSK. Our cryo-EM analyses therefore uncover the assembly mechanism of agrin/LRP4/MuSK signaling complex and reveal how MuSK receptor is activated by concurrent binding of agrin and LRP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xie
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Guangjun Xu
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Bradley Quade
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Weichun Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Xiao-chen Bai
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
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37
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Neves EGA, Koh CC, Lucinda PPD, Souza-Silva TG, Medeiros NI, Pantaleão A, Mutarelli A, Gomes JDAS, Silva SDA, Gollob KJ, Nunes MDCP, Dutra WO. Blocking activation of CD4 -CD8 - T cells modulates their cytotoxic potential and decreases the expression of inflammatory and chemotactic receptors. Clin Immunol 2023; 251:109331. [PMID: 37088297 PMCID: PMC10257888 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
CD4-CD8- (double negative - DN) T cells represent a small fraction of circulating T lymphocytes but are a major source of pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with infectious diseases, including chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC), one of the deadliest cardiopathies known. Chagas disease is caused by an infection with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and can lead to either an asymptomatic form or a high-mortality cardiac disease. While circulating DN T cells represent a major inflammatory cytokine-expressing cell population in Chagas disease, their potential to be recruited to the heart and to perform cytotoxicity has not been determined. Our previous studies showed that blocking DN T cell activation decreases the expression of IFN-gamma, a cytokine involved in the severity of CCC. Here, studying a well-characterized cohort of Chagas patients with CCC or the asymptomatic form of Chagas disease (indeterminate form, IND), we evaluated the expression of cytotoxic molecules, cytokine and chemokine receptors in γδ+ and αβ+ DN T cells by multiparameter flow cytometry, and investigated whether blocking the activation of DN T cells influences the expression of these molecules. We observed that DN T cells from CCC display a higher expression of granzyme A, perforin, inflammatory molecules, and inflammatory chemokine receptors than cells from IND. Messenger RNA coding for these molecules is also upregulated in the heart of CCC patients. Importantly, blocking the activation of DN T cells from CCC modulates their cytotoxic potential and the expression of inflammatory and of chemokine receptors, suggesting that targeting DN T cell activation may be a valid strategy to reduce recruitment to the heart, inflammation, cytotoxicity and, thereby diminish CCC progression and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eula Graciele Amorim Neves
- Lab. Biologia das Interações Celulares, Depto. Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Carolina Cattoni Koh
- Lab. Biologia das Interações Celulares, Depto. Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Pedro Paulo Diniz Lucinda
- Lab. Biologia das Interações Celulares, Depto. Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Thaiany Goulart Souza-Silva
- Lab. Biologia das Interações Celulares, Depto. Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Nayara I Medeiros
- Lab. Biologia das Interações Celulares, Depto. Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Pantaleão
- Depto. Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190 - Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, MG 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Antônio Mutarelli
- Depto. Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190 - Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, MG 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Juliana de Assis Silva Gomes
- Lab. Biologia das Interações Celulares, Depto. Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Silvana de Araújo Silva
- Depto. Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190 - Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, MG 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Kenneth John Gollob
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627/701 - Morumbi, São Paulo, SP 05652-900, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais, INCT-DT, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Maria do Carmo Pereira Nunes
- Depto. Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190 - Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, MG 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Walderez Ornelas Dutra
- Lab. Biologia das Interações Celulares, Depto. Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais, INCT-DT, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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Larsen ISB, Povolo L, Zhou L, Tian W, Mygind KJ, Hintze J, Jiang C, Hartill V, Prescott K, Johnson CA, Mullegama SV, McConkie-Rosell A, McDonald M, Hansen L, Vakhrushev SY, Schjoldager KT, Clausen H, Worzfeld T, Joshi HJ, Halim A. The SHDRA syndrome-associated gene TMEM260 encodes a protein-specific O-mannosyltransferase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302584120. [PMID: 37186866 PMCID: PMC10214176 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302584120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the TMEM260 gene cause structural heart defects and renal anomalies syndrome, but the function of the encoded protein remains unknown. We previously reported wide occurrence of O-mannose glycans on extracellular immunoglobulin, plexin, transcription factor (IPT) domains found in the hepatocyte growth factor receptor (cMET), macrophage-stimulating protein receptor (RON), and plexin receptors, and further demonstrated that two known protein O-mannosylation systems orchestrated by the POMT1/2 and transmembrane and tetratricopeptide repeat-containing proteins 1-4 gene families were not required for glycosylation of these IPT domains. Here, we report that the TMEM260 gene encodes an ER-located protein O-mannosyltransferase that selectively glycosylates IPT domains. We demonstrate that disease-causing TMEM260 mutations impair O-mannosylation of IPT domains and that TMEM260 knockout in cells results in receptor maturation defects and abnormal growth of 3D cell models. Thus, our study identifies the third protein-specific O-mannosylation pathway in mammals and demonstrates that O-mannosylation of IPT domains serves critical functions during epithelial morphogenesis. Our findings add a new glycosylation pathway and gene to a growing group of congenital disorders of glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Signe Bohse Larsen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Lorenzo Povolo
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Luping Zhou
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, University of Marburg, 35043Marburg, Germany
| | - Weihua Tian
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Kasper Johansen Mygind
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - John Hintze
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Chen Jiang
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, University of Marburg, 35043Marburg, Germany
| | - Verity Hartill
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, St James’ University Hospital, LeedsLS2 9JT, United Kingdom
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Chapel Allerton Hospital, LeedsLS7 4SA, United Kingdom
| | - Katrina Prescott
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Chapel Allerton Hospital, LeedsLS7 4SA, United Kingdom
| | - Colin A. Johnson
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, St James’ University Hospital, LeedsLS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Allyn McConkie-Rosell
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC27710
| | - Marie McDonald
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC27710
| | - Lars Hansen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y. Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Katrine T. Schjoldager
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Thomas Worzfeld
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, University of Marburg, 35043Marburg, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Hiren J. Joshi
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Adnan Halim
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
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Li M, Pedersen LC, Xu D. Targeting heparan sulfate-protein interactions with oligosaccharides and monoclonal antibodies. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1194293. [PMID: 37275960 PMCID: PMC10235622 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1194293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate-binding proteins (HSBPs) are structurally diverse extracellular and membrane attached proteins that interact with HS under normal physiological conditions. Interactions with HS offer an additional level of control over the localization and function of HSBPs, which enables them to behave in a more refined manner. Because all cell signaling events start at the cell membrane, and cell-cell communication relies on translocation of soluble factors across the extracellular matrix, HS occupies an apical position in cellular signal transduction by interacting with hundreds of growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, enzymes, enzyme inhibitors, receptors and adhesion molecules. These extracellular and membrane proteins can play important roles in physiological and pathological conditions. For most HS-binding proteins, the interaction with HS represents an essential element in regulating their normal physiological functions. Such dependence on HS suggests that manipulating HS-protein interactions could be explored as a therapeutic strategy to selectively antagonize/activate HS-binding proteins. In this review, we will discuss current understanding of the diverse nature of HS-HSBP interactions, and the latest advancements in targeting the HS-binding site of HSBPs using structurally-defined HS oligosaccharides and monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Li
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Lars C. Pedersen
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Ding Xu
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
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40
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Liu H, Baeumler TA, Nakamura K, Okada Y, Cho S, Eguchi A, Kuroda D, Tsumoto K, Ueki R, Sando S. An Engineered Synthetic Receptor-Aptamer Pair for an Artificial Signal Transduction System. ACS NANO 2023; 17:9039-9048. [PMID: 37154259 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cell membrane receptors regulate cellular responses through sensing extracellular environmental signals and subsequently transducing them. Receptor engineering provides a means of directing cells to react to a designated external cue and exert programmed functions. However, rational design and precise modulation of receptor signaling activity remain challenging. Here, we report an aptamer-based signal transduction system and its applications in controlling and customizing the functions of engineered receptors. A previously reported membrane receptor-aptamer pair was used to design a synthetic receptor system that transduces cell signaling depending on exogenous aptamer input. To eliminate the cross-reactivity of the receptor with its native ligand, the extracellular domain of the receptor was engineered to ensure that the receptor was solely activated by the DNA aptamer. The present system features tunability in the signaling output level using aptamer ligands with different receptor dimerization propensities. In addition, the functional programmability of DNA aptamers enables the modular sensing of extracellular molecules without the need for genetic engineering of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Daisuke Kuroda
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
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41
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Wang L, Hall C, Li J, Choi E, Bai XC. Structural basis of the alkaline pH-dependent activation of insulin receptor-related receptor. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:661-669. [PMID: 37055497 PMCID: PMC10465182 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-00974-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The insulin receptor (IR) family is a subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases that controls metabolic homeostasis and cell growth. Distinct from IR and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, whose activation requires ligand binding, insulin receptor-related receptor (IRR)-the third member of the IR family-is activated by alkaline pH. However, the molecular mechanism underlying alkaline pH-induced IRR activation remains unclear. Here, we present cryo-EM structures of human IRR in both neutral pH inactive and alkaline pH active states. Combined with mutagenesis and cellular assays, we show that, upon pH increase, electrostatic repulsion of the pH-sensitive motifs of IRR disrupts its autoinhibited state and promotes a scissor-like rotation between two protomers, leading to a T-shaped active conformation. Together, our study reveals an unprecedented alkaline pH-dependent activation mechanism of IRR, opening up opportunities to understand the structure-function relationship of this important receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Wang
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Catherine Hall
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Eunhee Choi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Xiao-Chen Bai
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Xu X, Deng L, Tang Y, Li J, Zhong T, Hao X, Fan Y, Mu S. Cytostatic Activity of Sanguinarine and a Cyanide Derivative in Human Erythroleukemia Cells Is Mediated by Suppression of c-MET/MAPK Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098113. [PMID: 37175820 PMCID: PMC10179035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sanguinarine (1) is a natural product with significant pharmacological effects. However, the application of sanguinarine has been limited due to its toxic side effects and a lack of clarity regarding its molecular mechanisms. To reduce the toxic side effects of sanguinarine, its cyanide derivative (1a) was first designed and synthesized in our previous research. In this study, we confirmed that 1a presents lower toxicity than sanguinarine but shows comparable anti-leukemia activity. Further biological studies using RNA-seq, lentiviral transfection, Western blotting, and flow cytometry analysis first revealed that both compounds 1 and 1a inhibited the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of leukemic cells by regulating the transcription of c-MET and then suppressing downstream pathways, including the MAPK, PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT pathways. Collectively, the data indicate that 1a, as a potential anti-leukemia lead compound regulating c-MET transcription, exhibits better safety than 1 while maintaining cytostatic activity through the same mechanism as 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Beijin Road, Guiyang 550014, China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Beijin Road, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Lulu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Beijin Road, Guiyang 550014, China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Beijin Road, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Yaling Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Beijin Road, Guiyang 550014, China
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Beijin Road, Guiyang 550014, China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Beijin Road, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Ting Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Beijin Road, Guiyang 550014, China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Beijin Road, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Xiaojiang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Beijin Road, Guiyang 550014, China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Beijin Road, Guiyang 550014, China
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yanhua Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Beijin Road, Guiyang 550014, China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Beijin Road, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Shuzhen Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Beijin Road, Guiyang 550014, China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Beijin Road, Guiyang 550014, China
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Felix FB, Dias J, Vago JP, Martins DG, Beltrami VA, Fernandes DDO, Menezes Dos Santos ACP, Queiroz-Junior CM, de Sousa LP, Amaral FA, Soriani FM, Teixeira MM, Pinho V. Blocking the HGF-MET pathway induces resolution of neutrophilic inflammation by promoting neutrophil apoptosis and efferocytosis. Pharmacol Res 2023; 188:106640. [PMID: 36627004 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation resolution is an active process that involves cellular events such as apoptosis and efferocytosis, which are key steps in the restoration of tissue homeostasis. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a growth factor mostly produced by mesenchymal-origin cells and has been described to act via MET receptor tyrosine kinase. The HGF/MET axis is essential for determining the progression and severity of inflammatory and immune-mediated disorders. Here, we investigated the effect of blocking the HGF/MET signalling pathway by PF-04217903 on the resolution of established models of neutrophilic inflammation. In a self-resolving model of gout induced by MSU crystals, HGF expression on periarticular tissue peaked at 12 h, the same time point that neutrophils reach their maximal accumulation in the joints. The HGF/MET axis was activated in this model, as demonstrated by increased levels of MET phosphorylation in neutrophils (Ly6G+ cells). In addition, the number of neutrophils was reduced in the knee exudate after PF-04217903 treatment, an effect accompanied by increased neutrophil apoptosis and efferocytosis and enhanced expression of Annexin A1, a key molecule for inflammation resolution. Reduced MPO activity, IL-1β and CXCL1 levels were also observed in periarticular tissue. Importantly, PF-04217903 reduced the histopathological score and hypernociceptive response. Similar findings were obtained in LPS-induced neutrophilic pleurisy. In human neutrophils, the combined use of LPS and HGF increased MET phosphorylation and provided a prosurvival signal, whereas blocking MET with PF-04217903 induced caspase-dependent neutrophil apoptosis. Taken together, these data demonstrate that blocking HGF/MET signalling may be a potential therapeutic strategy for inducing the resolution of neutrophilic inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciel Batista Felix
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Julia Dias
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana Priscila Vago
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Débora Gonzaga Martins
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Amorim Beltrami
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Débora de Oliveira Fernandes
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Celso Martins Queiroz-Junior
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lirlândia Pires de Sousa
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Flávio Almeida Amaral
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Frederico Marianetti Soriani
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Pinho
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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Singh L, Nair L, Kumar D, Arora MK, Bajaj S, Gadewar M, Mishra SS, Rath SK, Dubey AK, Kaithwas G, Choudhary M, Singh M. Hypoxia induced lactate acidosis modulates tumor microenvironment and lipid reprogramming to sustain the cancer cell survival. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1034205. [PMID: 36761981 PMCID: PMC9906992 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1034205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that solid hypoxic tumour cells oxidise glucose through glycolysis, and the end product of this pathway is fermented into lactate which accumulates in the tumour microenvironment (TME). Initially, it was proclaimed that cancer cells cannot use lactate; therefore, they dump it into the TME and subsequently augment the acidity of the tumour milieu. Furthermore, the TME acts as a lactate sink with stope variable amount of lactate in different pathophysiological condition. Regardless of the amount of lactate pumped out within TME, it disappears immediately which still remains an unresolved puzzle. Recent findings have paved pathway in exploring the main role of lactate acidosis in TME. Cancer cells utilise lactate in the de novo fatty acid synthesis pathway to initiate angiogenesis and invasiveness, and lactate also plays a crucial role in the suppression of immunity. Furthermore, lactate re-programme the lipid biosynthetic pathway to develop a metabolic symbiosis in normoxic, moderately hypoxic and severely hypoxic cancer cells. For instance: severely hypoxic cancer cells enable to synthesizing poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in oxygen scarcity secretes excess of lactate in TME. Lactate from TME is taken up by the normoxic cancer cells whereas it is converted back to PUFAs after a sequence of reactions and then liberated in the TME to be utilized in the severely hypoxic cancer cells. Although much is known about the role of lactate in these biological processes, the exact molecular pathways that are involved remain unclear. This review attempts to understand the molecular pathways exploited by lactate to initiate angiogenesis, invasiveness, suppression of immunity and cause re-programming of lipid synthesis. This review will help the researchers to develop proper understanding of lactate associated bimodal regulations of TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakhveer Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical & Population Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun, India
| | - Lakshmi Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam University (A Central University), Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Mandeep Kumar Arora
- School of Pharmaceutical & Population Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun, India
| | - Sakshi Bajaj
- Chaudhary Devi Lal College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar, India
| | - Manoj Gadewar
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, KR Mangalam University, Gurgaon, India
| | | | - Santosh Kumar Rath
- School of Pharmaceutical & Population Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun, India
| | - Amit Kumar Dubey
- School of Pharmaceutical & Population Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun, India
| | - Gaurav Kaithwas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
| | - Manjusha Choudhary
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India,*Correspondence: Manjusha Choudhary, ; Manjari Singh,
| | - Manjari Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam University (A Central University), Silchar, Assam, India,*Correspondence: Manjusha Choudhary, ; Manjari Singh,
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45
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Machiraju D, Hassel JC. Targeting the cMET pathway to enhance immunotherapeutic approaches for mUM patients. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1068029. [PMID: 36761417 PMCID: PMC9902905 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1068029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is the most preferential initial site of metastasis for uveal melanoma (mUM), and this preference is associated with rapid mortality in mUM patients. Despite the significant clinical benefits of Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in metastatic cutaneous melanoma patients, ICIs have shown little to no benefit in mUM patients. A potential reason for this inefficiency of ICI could be partly devoted to the involvement of the liver itself, thanks to its rich source of growth factors and immunosuppressive microenvironment. Uveal melanoma cells show increased expression of a transmembrane protein called cMET, which is known as the sole receptor for the Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Hyperactivation of cMET by HGF contributes to mUM development, and the liver, being the major source of HGF, may partially explain the metastasis of uveal melanoma cells to the liver. In addition, cMET/HGF signaling has also been shown to mediate resistance to ICI treatment, directly and indirectly, involving tumor and immune cell populations. Therefore, targeting the cMET/HGF interaction may enhance the efficacy of immunotherapeutic regimes for mUM patients. Hence in this minireview, we will discuss the rationale for combining cMET inhibitors/antibodies with leading immune checkpoint inhibitors for treating mUM. We will also briefly highlight the challenges and opportunities in targeting cMET in mUM.
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46
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Imaging strategies for receptor tyrosine kinase dimers in living cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:67-82. [PMID: 36190534 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04334-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are the essential regulators of cell signal transduction pathways and play important roles in biological processes. RTK dimerization is generally considered the first step in receptor activation and cell communication. And the abnormal expression of RTK dimers is closely related to the occurrence and development of many diseases. Therefore, the visualization of RTK dimerization is of great significance for monitoring physiological processes. The genetic and nongenetic imaging strategies have attracted widespread attention due to their high efficiency and high sensitivity. In this review, the RTKs and their dimers as well as the advances in strategies for imaging RTK dimers are introduced. Furthermore, we analyze the limitations of existing imaging strategies and put forward suggestions for the future development of imaging probes. We expect that this review will inspire more in-depth investigation of RTK dimers, which will also broaden the application of strategies of RTK dimers in biomedical areas.
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47
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de Nola G, Leclercq B, Mougel A, Taront S, Simonneau C, Forneris F, Adriaenssens E, Drobecq H, Iamele L, Dubuquoy L, Melnyk O, Gherardi E, de Jonge H, Vicogne J. Dimerization of kringle 1 domain from hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor provides a potent MET receptor agonist. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/12/e202201424. [PMID: 35905995 PMCID: PMC9348577 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We designed and characterized a potent full MET receptor agonist consisting of two recombinantly linked HGF/SF kringle 1 domains and demonstrated its potential in epithelial tissue regeneration. Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) and its cognate receptor MET play several essential roles in embryogenesis and regeneration in postnatal life of epithelial organs such as the liver, kidney, lung, and pancreas, prompting a strong interest in harnessing HGF/SF-MET signalling for regeneration of epithelial organs after acute or chronic damage. The limited stability and tissue diffusion of native HGF/SF, however, which reflect the tightly controlled, local mechanism of action of the morphogen, have led to a major search of HGF/SF mimics for therapy. In this work, we describe the rational design, production, and characterization of K1K1, a novel minimal MET agonist consisting of two copies of the kringle 1 domain of HGF/SF in tandem orientation. K1K1 is highly stable and displays biological activities equivalent or superior to native HGF/SF in a variety of in vitro assay systems and in a mouse model of liver disease. These data suggest that this engineered ligand may find wide applications in acute and chronic diseases of the liver and other epithelial organs dependent of MET activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni de Nola
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Unit of Immunology and General Pathology Section, Pavia, Italy
| | - Bérénice Leclercq
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019, UMR 9017, CIIL, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Alexandra Mougel
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019, UMR 9017, CIIL, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Solenne Taront
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286, INFINITE, Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
| | - Claire Simonneau
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Federico Forneris
- The Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Eric Adriaenssens
- University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Centre Oscar Lambret, UMR 9020, UMR 1277, Canther, Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Hervé Drobecq
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019, UMR 9017, CIIL, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Luisa Iamele
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Unit of Immunology and General Pathology Section, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laurent Dubuquoy
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286, INFINITE, Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
| | - Oleg Melnyk
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019, UMR 9017, CIIL, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Ermanno Gherardi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Unit of Immunology and General Pathology Section, Pavia, Italy
| | - Hugo de Jonge
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Unit of Immunology and General Pathology Section, Pavia, Italy
| | - Jérôme Vicogne
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019, UMR 9017, CIIL, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
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48
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Wang M, Yang D, Lu Q, Liu L, Cai Z, Wang Y, Wang HH, Wang P, Nie Z. Spatially Reprogramed Receptor Organization to Switch Cell Behavior Using a DNA Origami-Templated Aptamer Nanoarray. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8445-8454. [PMID: 36255126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Receptor oligomerization is a highly complex molecular process that modulates divergent cell signaling. However, there is a lack of molecular tools for systematically interrogating how receptor oligomerization governs the signaling response. Here, we developed a DNA origami-templated aptamer nanoarray (DOTA) that enables precise programming of the oligomerization of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) with defined valency, distribution, and stoichiometry at the ligand-receptor interface. The DOTA allows for advanced receptor manipulations by arraying either monomeric aptamer ligands (mALs) that oligamerize receptor monomers to elicit artificial signaling or dimeric aptamer ligands (dALs) that preorganize the receptor dimer to recapitulate natural activation. We demonstrated that the multivalency and nanoscale spacing of receptor oligomerization coordinately influence the activation level of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. Furthermore, we illustrated that DOTA-modulated receptor oligomerization could function as a signaling switch to promote the transition from epithelia to mesenchymal-like cells, demonstrating robust control over cellular behaviors. Together, we present a versatile all-in-one DNA nanoplatform for the systematical investigation and regulation of receptor-mediated cellular response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Donglei Yang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Qin Lu
- GeneMind Biosciences Company Limited, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Zixin Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zhou Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
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Altintas DM, Gallo S, Basilico C, Cerqua M, Bocedi A, Vitacolonna A, Botti O, Casanova E, Rancati I, Milanese C, Notari S, Gambardella G, Ricci G, Mastroberardino PG, Boccaccio C, Crepaldi T, Comoglio PM. The PSI Domain of the MET Oncogene Encodes a Functional Disulfide Isomerase Essential for the Maturation of the Receptor Precursor. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012427. [PMID: 36293286 PMCID: PMC9604360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase receptor encoded by the MET oncogene has been extensively studied. Surprisingly, one extracellular domain, PSI, evolutionary conserved between plexins, semaphorins, and integrins, has no established function. The MET PSI sequence contains two CXXC motifs, usually found in protein disulfide isomerases (PDI). Using a scrambled oxidized RNAse enzymatic activity assay in vitro, we show, for the first time, that the MET extracellular domain displays disulfide isomerase activity, abolished by PSI domain antibodies. PSI domain deletion or mutations of CXXC sites to AXXA or SXXS result in a significant impairment of the cleavage of the MET 175 kDa precursor protein, abolishing the maturation of α and β chains, of, respectively, 50 kDa and 145 kDa, disulfide-linked. The uncleaved precursor is stuck in the Golgi apparatus and, interestingly, is constitutively phosphorylated. However, no signal transduction is observed as measured by AKT and MAPK phosphorylation. Consequently, biological responses to the MET ligand—hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)—such as growth and epithelial to mesenchymal transition, are hampered. These data show that the MET PSI domain is functional and is required for the maturation, surface expression, and biological functions of the MET oncogenic protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dogus Murat Altintas
- IFOM, FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.M.A.); (P.M.C.)
| | - Simona Gallo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | | | - Marina Cerqua
- IFOM, FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessio Bocedi
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Annapia Vitacolonna
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Orsola Botti
- IFOM, FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Casanova
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Ilaria Rancati
- IFOM, FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Milanese
- IFOM, FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Notari
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Gambardella
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Ricci
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Pier Giorgio Mastroberardino
- IFOM, FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Carla Boccaccio
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Tiziana Crepaldi
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Paolo Maria Comoglio
- IFOM, FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.M.A.); (P.M.C.)
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50
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Park NR, Cha JH, Sung PS, Jang JW, Choi JY, Yoon SK, Bae SH. MiR-23b-3p suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration, and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by targeting c-MET. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11135. [PMID: 36281372 PMCID: PMC9586913 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant expression of c-MET is known to be associated with tumor recurrence and metastasis by promoting cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and migration in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, miR-23b-3p has been identified as a tumor suppressor, but detailed role of miR-23b-3p in HCC is still unclear. Our study aimed to investigate how miR-23b-3p is associated with the malignant potential of HCC cells. Methods HCC tissues and their adjacent non-tumor tissues were acquired from 30 patients with HCC. Expression of EMT- or stemness-related genes were examined in the two HCC cell lines. Migration of HCC cells was analyzed using transwell and wound healing assays. Results c-MET was overexpressed in HCC tissues compared to the adjacent non-tumor tissues. c-MET knockdown inhibited EMT and reduced migration and invasion of HCC cells. Furthermore, c-MET was a target of miR-23b-3p, and miR-23b-3p expression was decreased in HCC tissues compared to non-tumor tissues. Treatment of miR-23b-3p inhibitor in HCC cells promoted EMT, cell migration, and invasion. In contrast, miR-23b-3p overexpression suppressed EMT, cell migration, and invasion, concomitantly reducing c-MET expression. Transfection of miR-23b-3p inhibitor with concomitant c-MET knockdown mitigated the effects of miR-23b-3p inhibitor on EMT in HCC cells. In addition, transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1) stimulation after miR-23b-3p overexpression induced neither the mesenchymal phenotype nor migratory property of HCC cells. Conclusion In this study, we confirmed that miR-23b-3p downregulation significantly increased EMT, migration, and invasion of HCC cells. In addition, c-MET was confirmed to be a target of miR-23b-3p in HCC cells and regulated the functional effects of miR-23b-3p. These results suggest that miR-23b-3p can be used as a prognostic biomarker and candidate target for HCC treatment. c-MET is a target of miR-23b-3p and overexpressed in HCC tissues. MiR-23b-3p expression was decreased in HCC tissues compared to non-tumor tissues. Inhibition of miR-23b-3p induced migration and invasion via EMT in HCC cells. MiR-23b-3p/c-MET axis may serve as a therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ri Park
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Cha
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil Soo Sung
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author.
| | - Jeong Won Jang
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Young Choi
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Kew Yoon
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Hyun Bae
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 03382, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author.
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