1
|
Li X, Xu M, Yang J, Zhou L, Liu L, Li M, Wang S, Liu MQ, Huang Z, Zhang Z, Liu S, Hu Y, Lin H, Liu B, Sun Y, Wu Q, Shi ZL, Lan K, Chen Y, Yan H, Chen YQ. Nasal vaccination of triple-RBD scaffold protein with flagellin elicits long-term protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants including JN.1. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:114. [PMID: 38678055 PMCID: PMC11055866 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01822-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing a mucosal vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 is critical for combatting the epidemic. Here, we investigated long-term immune responses and protection against SARS-CoV-2 for the intranasal vaccination of a triple receptor-binding domain (RBD) scaffold protein (3R-NC) adjuvanted with a flagellin protein (KFD) (3R-NC + KFDi.n). In mice, the vaccination elicited RBD-specific broad-neutralizing antibody responses in both serum and mucosal sites sustained at high level over a year. This long-lasting humoral immunity was correlated with the presence of long-lived RBD-specific IgG- and IgA-producing plasma cells, alongside the Th17 and Tfh17-biased T-cell responses driven by the KFD adjuvant. Based upon these preclinical findings, an open labeled clinical trial was conducted in individuals who had been primed with the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 (IAV) vaccine. With a favorable safety profile, the 3R-NC + KFDi.n boost elicited enduring broad-neutralizing IgG in plasma and IgA in salivary secretions. To meet the challenge of frequently emerged variants, we further designed an updated triple-RBD scaffold protein with mutated RBD combinations, which can induce adaptable antibody responses to neutralize the newly emerging variants, including JN.1. Our findings highlight the potential of the KFD-adjuvanted triple-RBD scaffold protein is a promising prototype for the development of a mucosal vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Li
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxin Xu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingyi Yang
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Li
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Qin Liu
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuning Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunqi Hu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Haofeng Lin
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Liu
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Aerosol Bio-Tech (Suzhou) Co., LTD, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingguo Wu
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Li Shi
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Huimin Yan
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yao-Qing Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products, Sun Yat-sen University, Guanzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim YK, Choi Y, Jung JI, Kim JY, Kim MH, Curtis J, Lee EB. Modeling of antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1335. [PMID: 38228736 PMCID: PMC10791674 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51535-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
To construct a model of the antibody response to COVID-19 vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to identify clinical factors affecting the antibody response. A total of 779 serum samples were obtained from 550 COVID-19-naïve RA patients who were vaccinated against COVID-19. Antibody titers for the receptor binding domain (anti-RBD) and nucleocapsid (anti-N) were measured. The time from vaccination, and the log-transformed anti-RBD titer, were modeled using a fractional polynomial method. Clinical factors affecting antibody responses were analyzed by a regression model using generalized estimating equation. The anti-RBD titer peaked at about 2 weeks post-vaccination and decreased exponentially to 36.5% of the peak value after 2 months. Compared with the first vaccination, the 3rd or 4th vaccinations shifted the peaks of anti-RBD antibody response curves significantly upward (by 28-fold [4-195] and 32-fold [4-234], respectively). However, there was no significant shift in the peak from the 3rd vaccination to the 4th vaccination (p = 0.64). Multivariable analysis showed that sulfasalazine increased the vaccine response (by 1.49-fold [1.13-1.97]), but abatacept or JAK inhibitor decreased the vaccine response (by 0.13-fold [0.04-0.43] and 0.44-fold [0.26-0.74], respectively). Age was associated with lower ln [anti-RBD] values (coefficient: - 0.03 [- 0.04 to - 0.02]). In conclusion, the anti-RBD response of RA patients peaked at 2 weeks after COVID-19 vaccination, and then decreased exponentially, with the maximum peak increase observed after the 3rd vaccination. The antibody response was affected by age and the medications used to treat RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Kyu Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunhee Choi
- Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji In Jung
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hyeon Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeffrey Curtis
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Eun Bong Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Odak I, Riemann L, Sandrock I, Cossmann A, Ramos GM, Hammerschmidt SI, Ritter C, Friedrichsen M, Hassan A, Dopfer-Jablonka A, Stankov MV, Weskamm LM, Addo MM, Ravens I, Willenzon S, Schimrock A, Ristenpart J, Janssen A, Barros-Martins J, Hansen G, Falk C, Behrens GMN, Förster R. Systems biology analysis reveals distinct molecular signatures associated with immune responsiveness to the BNT162b COVID-19 vaccine. EBioMedicine 2024; 99:104947. [PMID: 38160529 PMCID: PMC10792461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human immune responses to COVID-19 vaccines display a large heterogeneity of induced immunity and the underlying immune mechanisms for this remain largely unknown. METHODS Using a systems biology approach, we longitudinally profiled a unique cohort of female high and low responders to the BNT162b vaccine, who were known from previous COVID-19 vaccinations to develop maximum and minimum immune responses to the vaccine. We utilized high dimensional flow cytometry, bulk and single cell mRNA sequencing and 48-plex serum cytokine analyses. FINDINGS We revealed early, transient immunological and molecular signatures that distinguished high from low responders and correlated with B and T cell responses measured 14 days later. High responders featured a distinct transcriptional activity of interferon-driven genes and genes connected to enhanced antigen presentation. This was accompanied by a robust cytokine response related to Th1 differentiation. Both transcriptome and serum cytokine signatures were confirmed in two independent confirmatory cohorts. INTERPRETATION Collectively, our data contribute to a better understanding of the immunogenicity of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines, which might lead to the optimization of vaccine designs for individuals with poor vaccine responses. FUNDING German Center for Infection Research, German Center for Lung Research, German Research Foundation, Excellence Strategy EXC 2155 "RESIST" and European Regional Development Fund.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Odak
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Lennart Riemann
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Germany; Clinician Scientist Program TITUS, Else-Kröner-Fresenius Foundation, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Inga Sandrock
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Anne Cossmann
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Gema Morillas Ramos
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ahmed Hassan
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Alexandra Dopfer-Jablonka
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Sites Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Metodi V Stankov
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Leonie M Weskamm
- Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marylyn M Addo
- Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany; First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Inga Ravens
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | | | - Anja Schimrock
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | | | - Anika Janssen
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | | | - Gesine Hansen
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Germany; Clinician Scientist Program TITUS, Else-Kröner-Fresenius Foundation, Hannover Medical School, Germany; German Center of Lung Research (DZL), BREATH, Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Christine Falk
- Institute for Transplantation Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Georg M N Behrens
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Sites Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany; Centre for Individualized Infection Medicine (CiiM), Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhold Förster
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Germany; Clinician Scientist Program TITUS, Else-Kröner-Fresenius Foundation, Hannover Medical School, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany; German Center of Lung Research (DZL), BREATH, Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Luvira V, Pitisuttithum P. Effect of homologous or heterologous vaccine booster over two initial doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine. Expert Rev Vaccines 2024; 23:283-293. [PMID: 38369699 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2024.2320861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inactivated vaccines were delivered to low- and middle-income countries during the early pandemics of COVID-19. Currently, more than 10 inactivated COVID-19 vaccines have been developed. Most inactivated vaccines contain an inactivated whole-cell index SARS-CoV-2 strain that is adjuvant. Whole virions inactivated with aluminum hydroxide vaccines were among the most commonly used. However, with the emerging of COVID-19 variants and waning of the immunity of two doses of after 3 months, WHO and many local governments have recommended the booster-dose program especially with heterologous platform vaccine. AREA COVERED This review was conducted through a literature search of the MEDLINE database to identify articles published from 2020 to 2023 covered the inactivated COVID-19 vaccines primary series with homologous and heterologous booster focusing on safety, immunogenicity, efficacy, and effectiveness. EXPERT OPINION The inactivated vaccines, especially whole virion inactivated in aluminum hydroxide appeared to be safe and had good priming effects. Immune responses generated after one dose of heterologous boost were high and able to preventing severity of disease and symptomatic infection. A new approach to inactivated vaccine has been developed using inactivating recombinant vector virus-NDV-HXP-S vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viravarn Luvira
- Vaccine Trial Centre, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Punnee Pitisuttithum
- Vaccine Trial Centre, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kanokudom S, Chansaenroj J, Assawakosri S, Suntronwong N, Yorsaeng R, Wongsrisang L, Aeemjinda R, Vichaiwattana P, Klinfueng S, Thatsanathorn T, Honsawek S, Poovorawan Y. Real-World Study: Hybrid Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Influences the Antibody Levels and Persistency Lasting More than One Year. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1693. [PMID: 38006025 PMCID: PMC10674428 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of hybrid immunity on antibody responses in the participants who received two to seven doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. The study was conducted between April and June 2023. Out of 771 serum samples analyzed, 71.7% exhibited hybrid immunity (positive for total anti-N Ig), while 28.3% showed vaccine-induced immunity (negative for total anti-N Ig). Participants were categorized based on the number of vaccine doses: 2, 3, 4, and ≥5. The findings highlight a trend where a higher number of vaccine doses received was associated with a lower infection rate. There was no significant difference in total RBD Ig levels between those who received 3, 4, or ≥5 doses in both the hybrid immunity and vaccination alone groups across all observed durations as follows: <6 months, 6 to <9 months, 9 to <12 months, and ≥12 months. Hybrid immunity consistently maintained higher total RBD Ig levels and durability compared to vaccination alone, with estimated half-lives (T1/2) of 189.5 days versus 106.8 days for vaccine alone. This investigation underscored the potential benefit of hybrid immunity and raised questions about the optimal strategies for further vaccine dosing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sitthichai Kanokudom
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.K.); (J.C.); (S.A.); (N.S.); (R.Y.); (L.W.); (R.A.); (P.V.); (S.K.); (T.T.)
- Center of Excellence in Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeleton, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Jira Chansaenroj
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.K.); (J.C.); (S.A.); (N.S.); (R.Y.); (L.W.); (R.A.); (P.V.); (S.K.); (T.T.)
| | - Suvichada Assawakosri
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.K.); (J.C.); (S.A.); (N.S.); (R.Y.); (L.W.); (R.A.); (P.V.); (S.K.); (T.T.)
- Center of Excellence in Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeleton, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nungruthai Suntronwong
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.K.); (J.C.); (S.A.); (N.S.); (R.Y.); (L.W.); (R.A.); (P.V.); (S.K.); (T.T.)
| | - Ritthideach Yorsaeng
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.K.); (J.C.); (S.A.); (N.S.); (R.Y.); (L.W.); (R.A.); (P.V.); (S.K.); (T.T.)
| | - Lakkhana Wongsrisang
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.K.); (J.C.); (S.A.); (N.S.); (R.Y.); (L.W.); (R.A.); (P.V.); (S.K.); (T.T.)
| | - Ratchadawan Aeemjinda
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.K.); (J.C.); (S.A.); (N.S.); (R.Y.); (L.W.); (R.A.); (P.V.); (S.K.); (T.T.)
| | - Preeyaporn Vichaiwattana
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.K.); (J.C.); (S.A.); (N.S.); (R.Y.); (L.W.); (R.A.); (P.V.); (S.K.); (T.T.)
| | - Sirapa Klinfueng
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.K.); (J.C.); (S.A.); (N.S.); (R.Y.); (L.W.); (R.A.); (P.V.); (S.K.); (T.T.)
| | - Thaksaporn Thatsanathorn
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.K.); (J.C.); (S.A.); (N.S.); (R.Y.); (L.W.); (R.A.); (P.V.); (S.K.); (T.T.)
| | - Sittisak Honsawek
- Center of Excellence in Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeleton, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.K.); (J.C.); (S.A.); (N.S.); (R.Y.); (L.W.); (R.A.); (P.V.); (S.K.); (T.T.)
- Fellow of the Royal Society of Thailand (FRS [T]), The Royal Society of Thailand, Sanam Sueapa, Dusit, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li Y, Mo J, Liu J, Liang Y, Deng C, Huang Z, Jiang J, Liu M, Liu X, Shang L, Wang X, Xie X, Wang J. A micro-electroporation/electrophoresis-based vaccine screening system reveals the impact of vaccination orders on cross-protective immunity. iScience 2023; 26:108086. [PMID: 37860767 PMCID: PMC10582514 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The constant emergence of mutated pathogens poses great challenges to the existing vaccine system. A screening system is needed to screen for antigen designs and vaccination strategies capable of inducing cross-protective immunity. Herein, we report a screening system based on DNA vaccines and a micro-electroporation/electrophoresis system (MEES), which greatly improved the efficacy of DNA vaccines, elevating humoral and cellular immune responses by over 400- and 35-fold respectively. Eighteen vaccination strategies were screened simultaneously by sequential immunization with vaccines derived from wildtype (WT) SARS-CoV-2, Delta, or Omicron BA.1 variant. Sequential vaccination of BA.1-WT-Delta vaccines with MEES induced potent neutralizing antibodies against all three viral strains and BA.5 variant, demonstrating that cross-protective immunity against future mutants can be successfully induced by existing strain-derived vaccines when a proper combination and order of sequential vaccination are used. Our screening system could be used for fast-seeking vaccination strategies for emerging pathogens in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongyong Li
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Jingshan Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Nephrology, GuangZhou Eighth People′s Hospital, GuangZhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caiguanxi Deng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Zhangping Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Juan Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Ming Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Liru Shang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Xiafeng Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Xi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ji Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu D, Feng S, Sha F, Liao Y, Xie X, Huang F, Kong D, Zhang Z, Chen Z, Chen N, Gao W, Feng T, Zhao Z, Li B, Li Y, Zhu F, Yang Z, Lv Q, Feng Z, Tang J. Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Booster Against Omicron Infection Among Quarantined Close Contacts. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2339507. [PMID: 37878315 PMCID: PMC10600580 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.39507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Assessment of additional protection of a booster dose with an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is key to developing vaccination strategies for billions of people worldwide who have received the primary 2-dose regimen. Objective To estimate the relative effectiveness of a booster dose of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine against Omicron infection. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study was conducted among primary close contacts without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection identified in Shenzhen, China, between February and October 2022. Multiple strict nucleic acid testing and symptom surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 infection were regularly conducted during the 7-day centralized plus 7-day home-based quarantine. Exposure A booster with an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine vs no booster after receipt of the primary 2-dose inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine regimen. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were overall, symptomatic, and asymptomatic infections. Secondary outcomes were length of incubation and level of cycle threshold values. All the outcomes were assessed during the quarantine period. Results Among 119 438 eligible participants (mean [SD] age, 37.6 [12.0] years; 66 201 men [55.4%]), 86 251 (72.2%) received a booster dose of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and 33 187 (27.8%) did not. A total of 671 cases infected with Omicron BA.2 were confirmed (464 symptomatic and 207 asymptomatic), and no severe infection or death events were observed. At a median (IQR) duration of 111 (75 to 134) days after booster vaccination, the relative effectiveness of a booster was 32.2% (95% CI, 11.3% to 48.2%) for overall infection, 23.8% (95% CI, -8.2% to 46.4%) for symptomatic infection, and 43.3% (95% CI, 12.3% to 63.3%) for asymptomatic infection. The effectiveness against overall infection changed nonlinearly over time following booster vaccination: 44.9% (95% CI, 4.9% to 68.1%) within 60 days, 50.4% (95% CI, 23.7% to 67.7%) at 61 to 120 days, 29.1% (95% CI, -4.8% to 52.1%) at 121 to 180 days, and 19.4% (95% CI, -14.4% to 43.2%) after 180 days (nonlinear P = .03). The effectiveness did not vary significantly according to the interval between booster vaccination and completion of primary vaccination. There was no association of booster vaccination with incubation or cycle threshold values. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, a booster dose of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine provided additional moderate protection against mild infection for 120 days after receipt, but more research is needed to determine the optimal timing of a booster and its effectiveness in preventing severe infection for a longer duration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siyang Feng
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Sha
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuxue Liao
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xu Xie
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongfeng Kong
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhigao Chen
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nixuan Chen
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tiejian Feng
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ziyi Zhao
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bingli Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fengcai Zhu
- Department of Vaccine Clinical Evaluation, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhirong Yang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Qiuying Lv
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zijian Feng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jinling Tang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Division of Epidemiology, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang H, Xu N, Xu Y, Qin P, Dai R, Xu B, Wang S, Ding L, Fu J, Zhang S, Hua Q, Liao Y, Yang J, Hu X, Jiang J, Lv H. Safety and immunogenicity of Ad5-nCoV immunization after three-dose priming with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in Chinese adults. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4757. [PMID: 37553338 PMCID: PMC10409730 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40489-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Data on the safety and immunity of a heterologous booster (fourth dose) after three-doses of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in Chinese adults are limited. We evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of Ad5-nCoV in a randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled phase 4 clinical trial in Zhejiang, China (NCT05373030). Participants aged 18-80 years (100 per group), administered three doses of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine ≥6 months earlier, are enrolled and randomized 1:1 into two groups, which are administered intramuscular Ad5-nCoV or inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac or Covilo). All observed adverse reactions are predictable and manageable. Ad5-nCoV elicits significantly higher RBD-specific IgG levels, with a geometric mean concentration of 2924.0 on day 14 post-booster, 7.8-fold that of the inactivated vaccine. Pseudovirus-neutralizing antibodies to Omicron BA.4/5 show a similar pattern, with geometric mean titers of 228.9 in Ad5-nCoV group and 65.5 in inactivated vaccine group. Ad5-nCoV booster maintains high antibody levels on day 90, with seroconversion of 71.4%, while that of inactivated vaccine is 5.2%, almost pre-booster levels. A fourth Ad5-nCoV vaccination following three-doses of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is immunogenic, tolerable, and more efficient than inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Ad5-nCoV elicits a stronger humoral response against Omicron BA.4/5 and maintains antibody levels for longer than homologous boosting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hangjie Zhang
- Department of Immunization Program, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310057, China
| | - Nani Xu
- Xihu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Yu Xu
- CanSino Biologics, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Pan Qin
- Xihu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Rongrong Dai
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Bicheng Xu
- CanSino Biologics, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Shenyu Wang
- Department of Immunization Program, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310057, China
| | - Linling Ding
- Department of Immunization Program, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310057, China
| | - Jian Fu
- Department of Immunization Program, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310057, China
| | | | - Qianhui Hua
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yuting Liao
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Juan Yang
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xiaowei Hu
- Xihu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Jianmin Jiang
- Department of Immunization Program, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310057, China
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053, China
- Key Lab of Vaccine, Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310057, China
| | - Huakun Lv
- Department of Immunization Program, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310057, China.
- Key Lab of Vaccine, Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310057, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Huang LL, Hong WW, Hu WW, Guan XH, Jiang YH. Understanding factors affecting Chinese medical staff's fear of receiving the fourth dose of COVID-19 vaccine: A cross-sectional study in Taizhou. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2261201. [PMID: 37920885 PMCID: PMC10627059 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2261201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was conducted to assess medical staffs' fear of receiving the fourth dose of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. From December 17, 2022, to January 31, 2023, an online survey was conducted to assess the fear among medical staffs regarding the administration of the fourth dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. The participants were exclusively drawn from a tertiary grade hospital in Taizhou. Out of the 1, 832 medical staffs invited to participate in the questionnaire, a total of 613 (33.5%) provided valid responses for subsequent analysis. Among them, 81 (13.8%) expressed fear of receiving the fourth dose of COVID-19. The fear was significantly influenced by these factors: the presence of serious food/drug allergic reactions (OR = 3.84, 95% CI: 1.40-10.52), received booster COVID-19 vaccine (OR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.11-0.35), opinion on vaccination requirement (OR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.11-0.35), viewpoint (OR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.12-0.44) with scores ≥10, and positive attitude toward vaccination (OR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.13-0.35). Our study revealed that a subset of medical staffs still harbor apprehension toward receiving the fourth dose of the new COVID-19 vaccine. Factors influencing this fear encompass allergic reactions, booster COVID-19 vaccine, as well as opinion, viewpoint, and attitude toward vaccination. Educating medical staffs on these factors may help mitigate their fear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Huang
- Department of Emergency, Taizhou First People’s Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei-Wen Hong
- Department of Anus & Intestine Surgery, Taizhou First People’s Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei-Wei Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou First People’s Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xian-Hua Guan
- Intensive Care Unit, Taizhou First People’s Hospital, Huangyan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan-Hong Jiang
- Department of Outpatient, Taizhou First People’s Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Karakoc ZC, Tascioglu D, Ediz B, Caglan M, Hancer VS, Tugrul TS, Simsek BP. Antibody Response to COVID-19 Vaccines in Healthcare Workers: Which One is More Successful? Homologous or Heterologous? SISLI ETFAL HASTANESI TIP BULTENI 2023; 57:216-223. [PMID: 37899804 PMCID: PMC10600628 DOI: 10.14744/semb.2023.48264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Objectives We aimed to determine the antibody levels created by COVID-19 vaccination in healthcare workers and the factors affecting the antibody response. Methods Our research is a single-center, observational study that was prospectively designed and retrospectively analyzed at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, and included 103 healthcare workers who received the three-dose regimen of COVID-19 vaccine. In accordance with the recommendations of the Ministry of Health of Turkey, the first two doses of CoronaVac vaccine were administered routinely, while the booster dose was given as BioNTech or CoronaVac (heterologous or homologous vaccination) depending on the preference of the volunteers. Antibody titers against the SARS-CoV-2 were measured in all individuals at different time points (1 month after the second dose of CoronaVac, before the booster dose [BioNTech or CoronaVac] at the fifth month and one month after the booster dose) with AESKULISA® SARS-CoV-2 S1 IgG (AESKU DIAGNOSTICS, Wendelsheim, Germany). Results The mean age was 39.98±11.31 years, 62.1% of whom were women and 54.4% of them were accompanied by comorbid disease. After two doses of CoronaVac, the antibody titer averaged 49.50±33.15 U/mL in the 1st month (antibody seropositivity 86%) and the antibody titer decreased 24.01±33.48 U/mL (antibody seropositivity 49.5%) at 5th month. The mean antibody titer was found 59.73±60.20 U/ml in those who received the booster dose of homologous and 185.07±46.28 U/mL in those who were heterologous (p<0.001). Antibody levels were detected significantly lower after the booster dose of vaccination in patients with comorbidities (p<0.05). Conclusion Our study, which reflects the data within the scope of the Turkey Ministry of Health's COVID-19 vaccination program determined that the antibody response after heterologous vaccination is better than in homologous vaccination. Antibody titer level in the 5th month was 50% waned after two doses of inactivated vaccination. It was also shown that factors such as gender, age, body mass index, and smoking did not create a statistically significant difference in homologous and heterologous vaccination, but after the booster dose antibody levels decreased significantly in those with comorbidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Cagla Karakoc
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istinye University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Didem Tascioglu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istinye University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Bulent Ediz
- Department of Biostatistics, Istinye University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Musa Caglan
- Department of Chemisty, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Türkiye
| | - Veysel Sabri Hancer
- Department of Medical Biology, Istinye University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Tolga Simru Tugrul
- Department of Anestesiology and Reanimation, Istinye University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Binnur Pinarbasi Simsek
- Department of Gastroenterohepatology, Istinye University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Denis J, Garnier A, Cheutin L, Ferrier A, Timera H, Jarjaval F, Hejl C, Billon-Denis E, Ricard D, Tournier JN, Trignol A, Mura M. Long-term systemic and mucosal SARS-CoV-2 IgA response and its association with persistent smell and taste disorders. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1140714. [PMID: 36969158 PMCID: PMC10031022 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1140714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Current approved COVID-19 vaccines, notably mRNA and adenoviral vectored technologies, still fail to fully protect against infection and transmission of various SARS-CoV-2 variants. The mucosal immunity at the upper respiratory tract represents the first line of defense against respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 and is thus critical to develop vaccine blocking human-to-human transmission. Methods We measured systemic and mucosal Immunoglobulin A (IgA) response in serum and saliva from 133 healthcare workers from Percy teaching military hospital following a mild infection (SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan strain, n=58) or not infected (n=75), and after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (Vaxzevria®/Astrazeneca and/or Comirnaty®/Pfizer). Results While serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike IgA response lasted up to 16 months post-infection, IgA response in saliva had mostly fallen to baseline level at 6 months post-infection. Vaccination could reactivate the mucosal response generated by prior infection, but failed to induce a significant mucosal IgA response by itself. Early post-COVID-19 serum anti-Spike-NTD IgA titer correlated with seroneutralization titers. Interestingly, its saliva counterpart positively correlated with persistent smell and taste disorders more than one year after mild COVID-19. Discussion As breakthrough infections have been correlated with IgA levels, other vaccine platforms inducing a better mucosal immunity are needed to control COVID-19 infection in the future. Our results encourage further studies to explore the prognosis potential of anti-Spike-NTD IgA in saliva at predicting persistent smell and taste disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Denis
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale de Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Annabelle Garnier
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale de Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Laurence Cheutin
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale de Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Audrey Ferrier
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale de Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Hawa Timera
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale de Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Fanny Jarjaval
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale de Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Carine Hejl
- Hôpital d’Instruction des Armées Percy, Clamart, France
- Ecole du Val-de-Grâce, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Billon-Denis
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale de Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | | | - Damien Ricard
- Hôpital d’Instruction des Armées Percy, Clamart, France
- Ecole du Val-de-Grâce, Paris, France
- Centre Borelli Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 9010/Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Santé des Armées (SSA), Université de Paris Cité, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) 4, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Nicolas Tournier
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale de Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
- Ecole du Val-de-Grâce, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Trignol
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale de Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
- Université Paris Cité, VIFASOM (UPR 7330 Vigilance Fatigue, Sommeil et Santé Publique), Paris, France
| | - Marie Mura
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale de Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
- Innovation Lab: Vaccines, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Huang R, Ying L, Wang J, Xia J, Zhang Y, Mao H, Zhang R, Zang R, Le Z, Shu Q, Xu J. Non-spike and spike-specific memory T cell responses after the third dose of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1139620. [PMID: 37114058 PMCID: PMC10126277 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1139620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During the COVID-19 epidemic, vaccination has become the most safe and effective way to prevent severe illness and death. Inactivated vaccines are the most widely used type of COVID-19 vaccines in the world. In contrast to spike-based mRNA/protein COVID-19 vaccines, inactivated vaccines generate antibodies and T cell responses against both spike and non-spike antigens. However, the knowledge of inactivated vaccines in inducing non-spike-specific T cell response is very limited. Methods In this study, eighteen healthcare volunteers received a homogenous booster (third) dose of the CoronaVac vaccine at least 6 months after the second dose. CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses against a peptide pool from wild-type (WT) non-spike proteins and spike peptide pools from WT, Delta, and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 were examined before and 1-2 weeks after the booster dose. Results The booster dose elevated cytokine response in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as well as expression of cytotoxic marker CD107a in CD8+ T cells in response to non-spike and spike antigens. The frequencies of cytokine-secreting non-spike-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells correlated well with those of spike-specific from WT, Delta, and Omicron. Activation-induced markers (AIM) assay also revealed that booster vaccination elicited non-spike-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. In addition, booster vaccination produced similar spike-specific AIM+CD4+ and AIM+CD8+ T cell responses to WT, Delta, and Omicron, indicting strong cross-reactivity of functional cellular response between WT and variants. Furthermore, booster vaccination induced effector memory phenotypes of spike-specific and non-spike-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Conclusions These data suggest that the booster dose of inactive vaccines broadens both non-spike-specific and spike-specific T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoqiong Huang
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liyang Ying
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiangmei Wang
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Xia
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiyan Mao
- Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruoyang Zhang
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruoxi Zang
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenkai Le
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Shu
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Shu, ; Jianguo Xu,
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Shu, ; Jianguo Xu,
| |
Collapse
|