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Liu T, Li J, Sun L, Zhu C, Wei J. The role of ACE2 in RAS axis on microglia activation in Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience 2024; 553:128-144. [PMID: 38986737 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The classic renin-angiotensin system (RAS) induces organ damage, while the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis opposes it. However, the role of ACE2 in the brain is unclear. We studied ACE2's role in the brain. METHOD We used male C57BL/6J (WT) mice, ACE2 knockout (KO) mice, and MPTP-induced mice. Behavioral tests confirmed successful modeling. We assessed the impact of ACE2 KO on the RAS axis and PD index, including ACE, ACE2, AT1, AT2, MasR, TH, α-syn, and Iba1. We investigated ACE2 and MasR's involvement in microglial activation via western blot and immunofluorescence. GSE10867 and GSE26532 datasets were used to analyze the effects of AT1 antagonists and in vitro PD models on microglia. RESULT Behavioral tests revealed that MPTP mice displayed motor deficits, depression, anxiety, and increased inflammatory markers in the SN and CPU, with reduced antioxidant capacity. ACE2 KO worsened these symptoms and exacerbated inflammation and oxidative stress. LPS-induced ACE2/MasR activation in BV2 cells demonstrated anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects by modulating microglial polarization. Antagonists inhibited microglial activation via inflammation and ROS processes. CONCLUSION The RAS axis regulates inflammation and oxidative stress to maintain CNS function, suggesting potential targets for neurologic disease treatment. Understanding microglial RAS activation can offer new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Institute of Neurourology and Urodynamics, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- Institute of Neurourology and Urodynamics, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Lin Sun
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China.
| | - Chaoyang Zhu
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jianshe Wei
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Institute of Neurourology and Urodynamics, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China.
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Li H, Qian J, Wang Y, Wang J, Mi X, Qu L, Song N, Xie J. Potential convergence of olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease and COVID-19: The role of neuroinflammation. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 97:102288. [PMID: 38580172 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder that affects 7-10 million individuals worldwide. A common early symptom of PD is olfactory dysfunction (OD), and more than 90% of PD patients suffer from OD. Recent studies have highlighted a high incidence of OD in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review investigates the potential convergence of OD in PD and COVID-19, particularly focusing on the mechanisms by which neuroinflammation contributes to OD and neurological events. Starting from our fundamental understanding of the olfactory bulb, we summarize the clinical features of OD and pathological features of the olfactory bulb from clinical cases and autopsy reports in PD patients. We then examine SARS-CoV-2-induced olfactory bulb neuropathology and OD and emphasize the SARS-CoV-2-induced neuroinflammatory cascades potentially leading to PD manifestations. By activating microglia and astrocytes, as well as facilitating the aggregation of α-synuclein, SARS-CoV-2 could contribute to the onset or exacerbation of PD. We also discuss the possible contributions of NF-κB, the NLRP3 inflammasome, and the JAK/STAT, p38 MAPK, TLR4, IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 and cGAS-STING signaling pathways. Although olfactory dysfunction in patients with COVID-19 may be reversible, it is challenging to restore OD in patients with PD. With the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants and the recurrence of infections, we call for continued attention to the intersection between PD and SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially from the perspective of OD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Junliang Qian
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Youcui Wang
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoqing Mi
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Le Qu
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ning Song
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Junxia Xie
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Rodríguez-Pérez AI, Garrido-Gil P, García-Garrote M, Muñoz A, Parga JA, Labandeira-García JL, Rodríguez-Pallares J. Non-HLA angiotensin-type-1 receptor autoantibodies mediate the long-term loss of grafted neurons in Parkinson's disease models. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:138. [PMID: 38735991 PMCID: PMC11089721 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03751-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical trials have provided evidence that transplants of dopaminergic precursors, which may be replaced by new in vitro stem cell sources, can integrate into the host tissue, and alleviate motor symptoms in Parkinson´s disease (PD). In some patients, deterioration of graft function occurred several months after observing a graft-derived functional improvement. Rejection of peripheral organs was initially related to HLA-specific antibodies. However, the role of non-HLA antibodies is now considered also relevant for rejection. Angiotensin-II type-1 receptor autoantibodies (AT1-AA) act as agonists of the AT1 receptors. AT1-AA are the non-HLA antibodies most widely associated with graft dysfunction or rejection after transplantation of different solid organs and hematopoietic stem cells. However, it is not known about the presence and possible functional effects of AT1-AA in dopaminergic grafts, and the effects of treatment with AT1 receptor blockers (ARBs) such as candesartan on graft survival. METHODS In a 6-hydroxydopamine PD rat model, we studied the short-term (10 days)- and long-term (3 months) effects of chronic treatment with the ARB candesartan on survival of grafted dopaminergic neurons and microglial graft infiltration, as well as the effects of dopaminergic denervation and grafting on serum and CSF AT1-AA levels. The expression of AT1 receptors in grafted neurons was determined by laser capture microdissection. RESULTS At the early period post-grafting, the number of grafted dopaminergic neurons that survived was not significantly different between treated and untreated hosts (i.e., control rats and rats treated with candesartan), probably because, just after grafting, other deleterious factors are predominant for dopaminergic cell death, such as mechanical trauma, lack of growth factors/nutrients and ischemia. However, several months post-grafting, we observed a significantly higher number of surviving dopaminergic neurons and a higher density of striatal dopaminergic terminals in the candesartan-treated group. For several months, grafted rats showed blood and cerebrospinal fluid levels of AT1-AA higher than normal controls, and also higher AT1-AA levels than non-grafted parkinsonian rats. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest the use of ARBs such as candesartan in PD patients, particularly before and after dopaminergic grafts, and the need to monitor AT1-AA levels in PD patients, particularly in those candidates for dopaminergic grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Rodríguez-Pérez
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Garrido-Gil
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria García-Garrote
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Muñoz
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A Parga
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Labandeira-García
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain.
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jannette Rodríguez-Pallares
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain.
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
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Labandeira-Garcia JL, Labandeira CM, Guerra MJ, Rodriguez-Perez AI. The role of the brain renin-angiotensin system in Parkinson´s disease. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:22. [PMID: 38622720 PMCID: PMC11017622 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00410-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) was classically considered a circulating hormonal system that regulates blood pressure. However, different tissues and organs, including the brain, have a local paracrine RAS. Mutual regulation between the dopaminergic system and RAS has been observed in several tissues. Dysregulation of these interactions leads to renal and cardiovascular diseases, as well as progression of dopaminergic neuron degeneration in a major brain center of dopamine/angiotensin interaction such as the nigrostriatal system. A decrease in the dopaminergic function induces upregulation of the angiotensin type-1 (AT1) receptor activity, leading to recovery of dopamine levels. However, AT1 receptor overactivity in dopaminergic neurons and microglial cells upregulates the cellular NADPH-oxidase-superoxide axis and Ca2+ release, which mediate several key events in oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and α-synuclein aggregation, involved in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. An intraneuronal antioxidative/anti-inflammatory RAS counteracts the effects of the pro-oxidative AT1 receptor overactivity. Consistent with this, an imbalance in RAS activity towards the pro-oxidative/pro-inflammatory AT1 receptor axis has been observed in the substantia nigra and striatum of several animal models of high vulnerability to dopaminergic degeneration. Interestingly, autoantibodies against angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and AT1 receptors are increased in PD models and PD patients and contribute to blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysregulation and nigrostriatal pro-inflammatory RAS upregulation. Therapeutic strategies addressed to the modulation of brain RAS, by AT1 receptor blockers (ARBs) and/or activation of the antioxidative axis (AT2, Mas receptors), may be neuroprotective for individuals with a high risk of developing PD or in prodromal stages of PD to reduce progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luis Labandeira-Garcia
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson´S Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain.
- Networking Research Center On Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Maria J Guerra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson´S Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
- Networking Research Center On Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I Rodriguez-Perez
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson´S Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain.
- Networking Research Center On Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
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Lage L, Rodriguez-Perez AI, Villar-Cheda B, Labandeira-Garcia JL, Dominguez-Meijide A. Angiotensin type 1 receptor activation promotes neuronal and glial alpha-synuclein aggregation and transmission. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:37. [PMID: 38368444 PMCID: PMC10874459 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00650-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been related to dopaminergic degeneration, and high expression of the angiotensin II (AngII) type 1 receptor (AT1) gene is a marker of the most vulnerable neurons in humans. However, it is unknown whether AngII/AT1 overactivation affects α-synuclein aggregation and transmission. In vitro, AngII/AT1 activation increased α-synuclein aggregation in dopaminergic neurons and microglial cells, which was related to AngII-induced NADPH-oxidase activation and intracellular calcium raising. In mice, AngII/AT1 activation was involved in MPTP-induced increase in α-synuclein expression and aggregation, as they significantly decreased in mice treated with the AT1 blocker telmisartan and AT1 knockout mice. Cell co-cultures (transwells) revealed strong transmission of α-synuclein from dopaminergic neurons to astrocytes and microglia. AngII induced a higher α-synuclein uptake by microglial cells and an increase in the transfer of α-synuclein among astroglial cells. However, AngII did not increase the release of α-synuclein by neurons. The results further support brain RAS dysregulation as a major mechanism for the progression of Parkinson's disease, and AT1 inhibition and RAS modulation as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Lage
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana I Rodriguez-Perez
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Villar-Cheda
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L Labandeira-Garcia
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonio Dominguez-Meijide
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
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Lu P, Leslie F, Wang H, Sodhi A, Choi CY, Pekosz A, Cui H, Jia H. Discovery, validation, and prodrug design of an ACE2 activator for treating bacterial infection-induced lung inflammation. J Control Release 2023; 364:1-11. [PMID: 37858626 PMCID: PMC10872764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Exacerbated inflammatory responses can be detrimental and pose fatal threats to the host, as exemplified by the global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in millions of fatalities. Developing novel drugs to combat the damaging effects of inflammation is essential for both preventive measures and therapeutic interventions. Accumulating evidence suggests that Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) possesses the ability to optimize inflammatory responses. However, the clinical applicability of this potential is limited due to the lack of dependable ACE2 activators. In this study, we conducted a screening of an FDA-approved drug library and successfully identified a novel ACE2 activator, termed H4. The activator demonstrated the capability to mitigate lung inflammation caused by bacterial lung infections, effectively modulating neutrophil infiltration. Importantly, to improve the clinical applicability of the poorly water-soluble H4, we developed a prodrug variant with significantly enhanced water solubility while maintaining a similar level of efficacy as H4 in attenuating inflammatory responses in the lungs of mice exposed to bacterial infections. This finding highlights the potential of formulated H4 as a promising candidate for the treatment and prevention of inflammatory diseases, including lung-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lu
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Faith Leslie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for NanoBiotechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Anjali Sodhi
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chang-Yong Choi
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Honggang Cui
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for NanoBiotechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Hongpeng Jia
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Pedrosa MA, Labandeira CM, Lago-Baameiro N, Valenzuela R, Pardo M, Labandeira-Garcia JL, Rodriguez-Perez AI. Extracellular Vesicles and Their Renin-Angiotensin Cargo as a Link between Metabolic Syndrome and Parkinson's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2045. [PMID: 38136165 PMCID: PMC10741149 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies showed an association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and Parkinson's disease (PD). The linking mechanisms remain unclear. MetS promotes low-grade peripheral oxidative stress and inflammation and dysregulation of the adipose renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Interestingly, brain RAS dysregulation is involved in the progression of dopaminergic degeneration and PD. Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) from MetS fat tissue can cross the brain-blood barrier and may act as linking signals. We isolated and characterized EVs from MetS and control rats and analyzed their mRNA and protein cargo using RT-PCR and the ExoView R200 platform, respectively. Furthermore, cultures of the N27 dopaminergic cell line and the C6 astrocytic cell line were treated with EVs from MetS rats. EVs were highly increased in MetS rat serum, which was inhibited by treatment of the rats with the angiotensin type-1-receptor blocker candesartan. Furthermore, EVs from MetS rats showed increased pro-oxidative/pro-inflammatory and decreased anti-oxidative/anti-inflammatory RAS components, which were inhibited in candesartan-treated MetS rats. In cultures, EVs from MetS rats increased N27 cell death and modulated C6 cell function, upregulating markers of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, which were inhibited by the pre-treatment of cultures with candesartan. The results from rat models suggest EVs and their RAS cargo as a mechanism linking Mets and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Pedrosa
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson’s Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.A.P.); (R.V.)
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Nerea Lago-Baameiro
- Grupo Obesidómica, Área de Endocrinología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela/SERGAS, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (N.L.-B.); (M.P.)
| | - Rita Valenzuela
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson’s Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.A.P.); (R.V.)
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Pardo
- Grupo Obesidómica, Área de Endocrinología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela/SERGAS, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (N.L.-B.); (M.P.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Labandeira-Garcia
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson’s Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.A.P.); (R.V.)
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I. Rodriguez-Perez
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson’s Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.A.P.); (R.V.)
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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8
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Sandeep, Subba R, Mondal AC. Does COVID-19 Trigger the Risk for the Development of Parkinson's Disease? Therapeutic Potential of Vitamin C. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03756-3. [PMID: 37957424 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03756-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was proclaimed a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. There is mounting evidence that older patients with multimorbidity are more susceptible to COVID-19 complications than are younger, healthy people. Having neuroinvasive potential, SARS-CoV-2 infection may increase susceptibility toward the development of Parkinson's disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with extensive motor deficits. PD is characterized by the aggregation of α-synuclein in the form of Lewy bodies and the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the dorsal striatum and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of the nigrostriatal pathway in the brain. Increasing reports suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection is linked with the worsening of motor and non-motor symptoms with high rates of hospitalization and mortality in PD patients. Common pathological changes in both diseases involve oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. COVID-19 exacerbates the damage ensuing from the dysregulation of those processes, furthering neurological complications, and increasing the severity of PD symptomatology. Phytochemicals have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. Vitamin C supplementation is found to ameliorate the common pathological changes in both diseases to some extent. This review aims to present the available evidence on the association between COVID-19 and PD, and discusses the therapeutic potential of vitamin C for its better management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep
- Laboratory of Cellular & Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Rhea Subba
- Laboratory of Cellular & Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Amal Chandra Mondal
- Laboratory of Cellular & Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Lopez-Lopez A, Valenzuela R, Rodriguez-Perez AI, Guerra MJ, Labandeira-Garcia JL, Muñoz A. Interactions between Angiotensin Type-1 Antagonists, Statins, and ROCK Inhibitors in a Rat Model of L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1454. [PMID: 37507992 PMCID: PMC10376833 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins have been proposed for L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) treatment. Statin anti-dyskinetic effects were related to the inhibition of the Ras-ERK pathway. However, the mechanisms responsible for the anti-LID effect are unclear. Changes in cholesterol homeostasis and oxidative stress- and inflammation-related mechanisms such as angiotensin II and Rho-kinase (ROCK) inhibition may be involved. The nigra and striatum of dyskinetic rats showed increased levels of cholesterol, ROCK, and the inflammatory marker IL-1β, which were reduced by the angiotensin type-1 receptor (AT1) antagonist candesartan, simvastatin, and the ROCK inhibitor fasudil. As observed for LID, angiotensin II-induced, via AT1, increased levels of cholesterol and ROCK in the rat nigra and striatum. In cultured dopaminergic neurons, angiotensin II increased cholesterol biosynthesis and cholesterol efflux without changes in cholesterol uptake. In astrocytes, angiotensin induced an increase in cholesterol uptake, decrease in biosynthesis, and no change in cholesterol efflux, suggesting a neuronal accumulation of cholesterol that is reduced via transfer to astrocytes. Our data suggest mutual interactions between angiotensin/AT1, cholesterol, and ROCK pathways in LID, which are attenuated by the corresponding inhibitors. Interestingly, these three drugs have also been suggested as neuroprotective treatments against Parkinson's disease. Therefore, they may reduce dyskinesia and the progression of the disease using common mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lopez-Lopez
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rita Valenzuela
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Rodriguez-Perez
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Guerra
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Labandeira-Garcia
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Muñoz
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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10
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Albornoz EA, Amarilla AA, Modhiran N, Parker S, Li XX, Wijesundara DK, Aguado J, Zamora AP, McMillan CLD, Liang B, Peng NYG, Sng JDJ, Saima FT, Fung JN, Lee JD, Paramitha D, Parry R, Avumegah MS, Isaacs A, Lo MW, Miranda-Chacon Z, Bradshaw D, Salinas-Rebolledo C, Rajapakse NW, Wolvetang EJ, Munro TP, Rojas-Fernandez A, Young PR, Stacey KJ, Khromykh AA, Chappell KJ, Watterson D, Woodruff TM. SARS-CoV-2 drives NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human microglia through spike protein. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2878-2893. [PMID: 36316366 PMCID: PMC10615762 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01831-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is primarily a respiratory disease, however, an increasing number of reports indicate that SARS-CoV-2 infection can also cause severe neurological manifestations, including precipitating cases of probable Parkinson's disease. As microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation is a major driver of neurodegeneration, here we interrogated whether SARS-CoV-2 can promote microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Using SARS-CoV-2 infection of transgenic mice expressing human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) as a COVID-19 pre-clinical model, we established the presence of virus in the brain together with microglial activation and NLRP3 inflammasome upregulation in comparison to uninfected mice. Next, utilising a model of human monocyte-derived microglia, we identified that SARS-CoV-2 isolates can bind and enter human microglia in the absence of viral replication. This interaction of virus and microglia directly induced robust inflammasome activation, even in the absence of another priming signal. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that purified SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein activated the NLRP3 inflammasome in LPS-primed microglia, in a ACE2-dependent manner. Spike protein also could prime the inflammasome in microglia through NF-κB signalling, allowing for activation through either ATP, nigericin or α-synuclein. Notably, SARS-CoV-2 and spike protein-mediated microglial inflammasome activation was significantly enhanced in the presence of α-synuclein fibrils and was entirely ablated by NLRP3-inhibition. Finally, we demonstrate SARS-CoV-2 infected hACE2 mice treated orally post-infection with the NLRP3 inhibitory drug MCC950, have significantly reduced microglial inflammasome activation, and increased survival in comparison with untreated SARS-CoV-2 infected mice. These results support a possible mechanism of microglial innate immune activation by SARS-CoV-2, which could explain the increased vulnerability to developing neurological symptoms akin to Parkinson's disease in COVID-19 infected individuals, and a potential therapeutic avenue for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo A Albornoz
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Alberto A Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Sandra Parker
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Xaria X Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Danushka K Wijesundara
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Vaxxas Pty. Ltd., Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Julio Aguado
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Adriana Pliego Zamora
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Christopher L D McMillan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Benjamin Liang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Nias Y G Peng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Julian D J Sng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Fatema Tuj Saima
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jenny N Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - John D Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Devina Paramitha
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Rhys Parry
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Michael S Avumegah
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Ariel Isaacs
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Martin W Lo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Zaray Miranda-Chacon
- Institute of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Medical School, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica
| | - Daniella Bradshaw
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | | | - Niwanthi W Rajapakse
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Ernst J Wolvetang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Trent P Munro
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | | | - Paul R Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence Brisbane, Brisbane, QLD, 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Katryn J Stacey
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Alexander A Khromykh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence Brisbane, Brisbane, QLD, 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Keith J Chappell
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence Brisbane, Brisbane, QLD, 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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11
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Bregonzio C. Metabolic syndrome as a risk for Parkinson's disease: A new therapeutic opportunity. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 111:125-126. [PMID: 37011866 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bregonzio
- Departamento de Farmacología Otto Orsingher, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Instituto de Farmacología Experimental Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina.
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12
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Kamath T, Macosko EZ. Insights into Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease from Single-Cell and Spatial Genomics. Mov Disord 2023; 38:518-525. [PMID: 36881930 PMCID: PMC11056908 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is pathologically defined by the death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons within the pars compacta of the substantia nigra. To date, the cause of this multifaceted disease remains largely unclear, which may contribute in part to a current lack of disease-modifying therapies. Recent advances in single-cell and spatial genomic profiling tools have provided powerful new ways to measure cellular state changes in brain diseases. Here, we describe how these tools have offered insight into these complex disorders and highlight a recently performed comprehensive study of DA neuron susceptibility in PD. The data generated by this recent work provide evidence for the role of specific pathways and common genetic variants resulting in the loss of a critical DA subtype in PD. We conclude by outlining a set of basic and translational opportunities that arise from those data and insights gathered from this work. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Kamath
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, 75 Ames Street Cambridge, MA 02139
- Harvard Medical School and Harvard/MIT MD-PhD Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Evan Z. Macosko
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, 75 Ames Street Cambridge, MA 02139
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA USA
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13
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Kulisevsky J, Martínez-Horta S, Campolongo A, Pascual-Sedano B, Marín-Lahoz J, Bejr-Kasem H, Labandeira-Garcia JL, Lanciego JL, Puig-Davi A, Horta-Barba A, Pagonabarraga J, Rodríguez-Antigüedad J. A randomized clinical trial of candesartan for cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 110:105367. [PMID: 36963339 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Kulisevsky
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Medicine Department, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), Spain.
| | - Saul Martínez-Horta
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Medicine Department, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonia Campolongo
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Medicine Department, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), Spain
| | - Berta Pascual-Sedano
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Medicine Department, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), Spain
| | - Juan Marín-Lahoz
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Medicine Department, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Helena Bejr-Kasem
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Medicine Department, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L Labandeira-Garcia
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jose L Lanciego
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Neurosciences Division, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Arnau Puig-Davi
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Medicine Department, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Horta-Barba
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Medicine Department, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Pagonabarraga
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Medicine Department, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jon Rodríguez-Antigüedad
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Medicine Department, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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14
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Exploring the Role of ACE2 as a Connecting Link between COVID-19 and Parkinson's Disease. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020536. [PMID: 36836893 PMCID: PMC9961012 DOI: 10.3390/life13020536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is frequently accompanied by neurological manifestations such as headache, delirium, and epileptic seizures, whereas ageusia and anosmia may appear before respiratory symptoms. Among the various neurological COVID-19-related comorbidities, Parkinson's disease (PD) has gained increasing attention. Some cases of PD disease have been linked to COVID-19, and both motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease patients frequently worsen following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although it is still unclear whether PD increases the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection or whether COVID-19 increases the risk of or unmasks future cases of PD, emerging evidence sheds more light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the relationship between these two diseases. Among them, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a significant component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), seems to play a pivotal role. ACE2 is required for the entry of SARS-CoV-2 to the human host cells, and ACE2 dysregulation is implicated in the severity of COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). ACE2 imbalance is implicated in core shared pathophysiological mechanisms between PD and COVID-19, including aberrant inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. ACE2 may also be implicated in alpha-synuclein-induced dopaminergic degeneration, gut-brain axis dysregulation, blood-brain axis disruption, autonomic dysfunction, depression, anxiety, and hyposmia, which are key features of PD.
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15
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AT1 receptor autoantibodies mediate effects of metabolic syndrome on dopaminergic vulnerability. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 108:255-268. [PMID: 36535607 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome has been associated to chronic peripheral inflammation and related with neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, including Parkinson's disease. However, the responsible mechanisms are unclear. Previous studies have involved the brain renin-angiotensin system in progression of Parkinson's disease and the angiotensin receptor type 1 (AT1) has been recently revealed as a major marker of dopaminergic vulnerability in humans. Dysregulation of tissue renin-angiotensin system is a key common mechanism for all major components of metabolic syndrome. Circulating AT1 agonistic autoantibodies have been observed in several inflammation-related peripheral processes, and activation of AT1 receptors of endothelial cells, dopaminergic neurons and glial cells have been observed to disrupt endothelial blood -brain barrier and induce neurodegeneration, respectively. Using a rat model, we observed that metabolic syndrome induces overactivity of nigral pro-inflammatory renin-angiotensin system axis, leading to increase in oxidative stress and neuroinflammation and enhancing dopaminergic neurodegeneration, which was inhibited by treatment with AT1 receptor blockers (ARBs). In rats, metabolic syndrome induced the increase in circulating levels of LIGHT and other major pro-inflammatory cytokines, and 27-hydroxycholesterol. Furthermore, the rats showed a significant increase in serum levels of proinflammatory AT1 and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) autoantibodies, which correlated with levels of several metabolic syndrome parameters. We also found AT1 and ACE2 autoantibodies in the CSF of these rats. Effects of circulating autoantibodies were confirmed by chronic infusion of AT1 autoantibodies, which induced blood-brain barrier disruption, an increase in the pro-inflammatory renin-angiotensin system activity in the substantia nigra and a significant enhancement in dopaminergic neuron death in two different rat models of Parkinson's disease. Observations in the rat models, were analyzed in a cohort of parkinsonian and non-parkinsonian patients with or without metabolic syndrome. Non-parkinsonian patients with metabolic syndrome showed significantly higher levels of AT1 autoantibodies than non-parkinsonian patients without metabolic syndrome. However, there was no significant difference between parkinsonian patients with metabolic syndrome or without metabolic syndrome, which showed higher levels of AT1 autoantibodies than non-parkinsonian controls. This is consistent with our recent studies, showing significant increase of AT1 and ACE2 autoantibodies in parkinsonian patients, which was related to dopaminergic degeneration and neuroinflammation. Altogether may lead to a vicious circle enhancing the progression of the disease that may be inhibited by strategies against production of these autoantibodies or AT1 receptor blockers (ARBs).
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16
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Targeting G Protein-Coupled Receptors in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. J Mol Biol 2022:167927. [PMID: 36563742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized in part by the deterioration of dopaminergic neurons which leads to motor impairment. Although there is no cure for PD, the motor symptoms can be treated using dopamine replacement therapies including the dopamine precursor L-DOPA, which has been in use since the 1960s. However, neurodegeneration in PD is not limited to dopaminergic neurons, and many patients experience non-motor symptoms including cognitive impairment or neuropsychiatric disturbances, for which there are limited treatment options. Moreover, there are currently no treatments able to alter the progression of neurodegeneration. There are many therapeutic strategies being investigated for PD, including alternatives to L-DOPA for the treatment of motor impairment, symptomatic treatments for non-motor symptoms, and neuroprotective or disease-modifying agents. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which include the dopamine receptors, are highly druggable cell surface proteins which can regulate numerous intracellular signaling pathways and thereby modulate the function of neuronal circuits affected by PD. This review will describe the treatment strategies being investigated for PD that target GPCRs and their downstream signaling mechanisms. First, we discuss new developments in dopaminergic agents for alleviating PD motor impairment, the role of dopamine receptors in L-DOPA induced dyskinesia, as well as agents targeting non-dopamine GPCRs which could augment or replace traditional dopaminergic treatments. We then discuss GPCRs as prospective treatments for neuropsychiatric and cognitive symptoms in PD. Finally, we discuss the evidence pertaining to ghrelin receptors, β-adrenergic receptors, angiotensin receptors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptors, which have been proposed as disease modifying targets with potential neuroprotective effects in PD.
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17
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Gaertner Z, Azcorra M, Dombeck DA, Awatramani R. Molecular heterogeneity in the substantia nigra: A roadmap for understanding PD motor pathophysiology. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 175:105925. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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