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Mu J, Ding S, Liu SM, Song G, Ning X, Zhang X, Xu W, Zhang H. Multiple isotopes decipher the nitrogen cycle in the cascade reservoirs and downstream in the middle and lower Yellow River: Insight for reservoir drainage period. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170625. [PMID: 38320705 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Intensive anthropogenic activities, such as excessive nitrogen input and dam construction, have altered the nitrogen cycle in the global river system. However, the focus on the source, transformation and fate of nitrogen in the Yellow River is still scarce. In this study, the multiple isotopes (δ15N-NO3-, δ18O-NO3-, δ15N-NH4+ and δ15N-PN) were deciphered to explore the nitrogen cycling processes and the driving factors in the thermally stratified cascade reservoirs (Sanmenxia Reservoir: SMXR and Xiaolangdi Reservoir: XLDR) and Lower Yellow River (LYR) during the drainage period of the XLDR. In the SMXR, algal bloom triggered the assimilation process in the upper layer before the SMX Dam, followed by remineralization and subsequent nitrification processes in the lower water layers. The nitrification reaction in the XLDR progressively increased along both longitudinal and vertical directions to the lower layer of the XLD Dam, which was linked to the variation in the water residence time of riverine, transition and lentic zones. The robust nitrification rates in the lower layer of the lentic zone coincided with the substantial depletion of nitrate isotopic composition and enrichment of both δ15N-PN and δ15N-NH4+, indicating the longer water residence time not only promoted the growth of the nitrifying population but also facilitated the remineralization to enhance NH4+ availability. In the LYR, the slight nitrate assimilation, as indicated by nitrate isotopic composition and fractionation models, was the predominant nitrogen transformation process. The Bayesian isotope mixing model results showed that manure and sewage was the dominant nitrate source (50 %) in the middle and lower Yellow River. Notably, the in-reservoir nitrification was a significant nitrate source (27 %) in the XLDR and LYR. Our study deepens the understanding of anthropogenic activities impacting the nitrogen cycle in the river-reservoir system, providing valuable insight into water quality management and nitrogen cycle mechanisms in the Yellow River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglong Mu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Shuai Ding
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Su Mei Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Guodong Song
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ning
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Wenqi Xu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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Li X, Qi M, Li Q, Wu B, Fu Y, Liang X, Yin G, Zheng Y, Dong H, Liu M, Hou L. Acidification Offset Warming-Induced Increase in N 2O Production in Estuarine and Coastal Sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:4989-5002. [PMID: 38442002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Global warming and acidification, induced by a substantial increase in anthropogenic CO2 emissions, are expected to have profound impacts on biogeochemical cycles. However, underlying mechanisms of nitrous oxide (N2O) production in estuarine and coastal sediments remain rarely constrained under warming and acidification. Here, the responses of sediment N2O production pathways to warming and acidification were examined using a series of anoxic incubation experiments. Denitrification and N2O production were largely stimulated by the warming, while N2O production decreased under the acidification as well as the denitrification rate and electron transfer efficiency. Compared to warming alone, the combination of warming and acidification decreased N2O production by 26 ± 4%, which was mainly attributed to the decline of the N2O yield by fungal denitrification. Fungal denitrification was mainly responsible for N2O production under the warming condition, while bacterial denitrification predominated N2O production under the acidification condition. The reduced site preference of N2O under acidification reflects that the dominant pathways of N2O production were likely shifted from fungal to bacterial denitrification. In addition, acidification decreased the diversity and abundance of nirS-type denitrifiers, which were the keystone taxa mediating the low N2O production. Collectively, acidification can decrease sediment N2O yield through shifting the responsible production pathways, partly counteracting the warming-induced increase in N2O emissions, further reducing the positive climate warming feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education & Shanghai, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mengting Qi
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qiuxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Boshuang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education & Shanghai, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuxuan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education & Shanghai, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xia Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education & Shanghai, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Guoyu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yanling Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hongpo Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education & Shanghai, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lijun Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education & Shanghai, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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Galli M, Baini M, Panti C, Giani D, Caliani I, Campani T, Rosso M, Tepsich P, Levati V, Laface F, Romeo T, Scotti G, Galgani F, Fossi MC. Oceanographic and anthropogenic variables driving marine litter distribution in Mediterranean protected areas: Extensive field data supported by forecasting modelling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166266. [PMID: 37579802 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Marine litter concentration in the Mediterranean Sea is strongly influenced both by anthropogenic pressures and hydrodynamic factors that locally characterise the basin. Within the Plastic Busters MPAs (Marine Protected Areas) Interreg Mediterranean Project, a comprehensive assessment of floating macro- and microlitter in the Pelagos Sanctuary and the Tuscan Archipelago National Park was performed. An innovative multilevel experimental design has been planned ad-hoc according to a litter provisional distribution model, harmonising and implementing the current sampling methodologies. The simultaneous presence of floating macro- and microlitter items and the potential influences of environmental and anthropogenic factors affecting litter distribution have been evaluated to identify hotspot accumulation areas representing a major hazard for marine species. A total of 273 monitoring transects of floating macrolitter and 141 manta trawl samples were collected in the study areas to evaluate the abundance and composition of marine litter. High mean concentrations of floating macrolitter (399 items/km2) and microplastics (259,490 items/km2) have been found in the facing waters of the Gulf of La Spezia and Tuscan Archipelago National Park as well in the Genova canyon and Janua seamount area. Accordingly, strong litter inputs were identified to originate from the mainland and accumulate in coastal waters within 10-15 nautical miles. Harbours and riverine outfalls contribute significantly to plastic pollution representing the main sources of contamination as well as areas with warmer waters and weak oceanographic features that could facilitate its accumulation. The results achieved may indicate a potentially threatening trend of litter accumulation that may pose a serious risk to the Pelagos Sanctuary biodiversity and provide further indications for dealing with plastic pollution in protected areas, facilitating future management recommendations and mitigation actions in these fragile marines and coastal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Galli
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Matteo Baini
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Cristina Panti
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Dario Giani
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Ilaria Caliani
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Campani
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Rosso
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy; CIMA Research Foundation, 17100 Savona, Italy
| | - Paola Tepsich
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy; CIMA Research Foundation, 17100 Savona, Italy
| | - Vanessa Levati
- CIMA Research Foundation, 17100 Savona, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Napoli Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Federica Laface
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 98167 Messina, Italy
| | - Teresa Romeo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 98057 Milazzo, Italy; ISPRA, Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, 98057 Milazzo, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Scotti
- ISPRA, Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, 98057 Milazzo, Italy
| | | | - Maria Cristina Fossi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
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4
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Liang W, Wang Y, Mu J, Wu N, Wang J, Liu S. Nutrient changes in the Bohai Sea over the past two decades. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166696. [PMID: 37660818 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
With the growing problem of eutrophication in the Bohai Sea, actions have been taken to reduce nutrient inputs, but it remains to be seen whether nutrient levels and structure have been ameliorated. In this study, the nutrient trends in the Bohai Sea are re-examined based on observations from 2000 to 2019. The results suggest that dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations and DIN/DIP (dissolved inorganic phosphate) ratios gradually increased from 2000 to 2013 but dramatically decreased from 2013 to 2019. The increase and decrease rates of DIN concentrations decreased with increasing water depth, indicating that DIN concentrations in nearshore waters responded more rapidly to changes in human activities. However, DIP concentrations responded weakly to nutrient inputs, with their trends uncoupled. The DIN/DIP ratios have declined close to and in some seasons even below the canonical Redfield ratio in areas with water depths >20 m recently, implying that relative nutrient limitation in these areas may be shifting from relative phosphorus (P) limitation to absence of relative nutrient limitation or relative nitrogen (N) limitation. Atmospheric deposition, wastewater discharge, and riverine input were responsible for 66 %, 21 %, and 13 % of the variance in the decline of DIN concentration, respectively. Several environmental indicators responded positively to the decrease in DIN concentrations and DIN/DIP ratios, with varying degrees of recovery recently. Our study proves the phased success of various nutrient reduction measures taken by the Chinese government to improve the environment of the Bohai Sea over the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Wang
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, China
| | - Jinglong Mu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Nian Wu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Juying Wang
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, China.
| | - Sumei Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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5
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Galli M, Olavarrieta Garcia T, Baini M, Urbán R J, Ramírez-Macías D, Viloria-Gómora L, Panti C, Martellini T, Cincinelli A, Fossi MC. Microplastic occurrence and phthalate ester levels in neuston samples and skin biopsies of filter-feeding megafauna from La Paz Bay (Mexico). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 192:115086. [PMID: 37236093 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of microplastics on filter feeders megafauna have recently received increased attention. These organisms are potentially exposed to plastic ingestion and the release of added/sorbed contaminants during feeding activities. An assessment of microplastic abundance and the chemical impact of Phthalates esters (PAEs) were performed in neustonic samples and skin biopsies of Balaenoptera physalus and Rhincodon typus inhabiting the Gulf of California (Mexico). Sixty-eight percent of the net tows contained plastics with a maximum of 0.24 items/m3 mainly composed of polyethylene fragments. PAE levels were detected both in environmental and skin biopsy samples, with the highest values in the fin whale specimens (5291 ng/g d.w). Plasticizer fingerprint showed a similar distribution pattern between neustonic samples and filter-feeding species, with DEHP and MBP having the highest concentrations. The detection of PAE levels confirmed their potential role as plastic tracers and give preliminary information about the toxicological status of these species feeding in La Paz Bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Galli
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Tabata Olavarrieta Garcia
- Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Autonomous University of Baja California Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico
| | - Matteo Baini
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Jorge Urbán R
- Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Autonomous University of Baja California Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico
| | - Deni Ramírez-Macías
- Tiburon Ballena Mexico proyecto de Conexiones Terramar AC, La Paz, BCS, Mexico
| | - Lorena Viloria-Gómora
- Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Autonomous University of Baja California Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico
| | - Cristina Panti
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Tania Martellini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cincinelli
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Fossi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
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6
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Agache I, Laculiceanu A, Spanu D, Grigorescu D. The Concept of One Health for Allergic Diseases and Asthma. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2023; 15:290-302. [PMID: 37188486 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2023.15.3.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide prevalence of allergic disease is rising as a result of complex gene-environment interactions that shape the immune system and host response. Climate change and loss of biodiversity are existential threats to humans, animals, plants, and ecosystems. While there is significant progress in the development of targeted therapeutic options to treat allergies and asthma, these approaches are inadequate to meet the challenges faced by climate change. The exposomic approach is needed with the recognition of the bidirectional effect between human beings and the environment. All stakeholders need to work together toward mitigating the effects of climate change and promoting a One Health concept in order to decrease the burden of asthma and allergy and to improve immune health. Healthcare professionals should strive to incorporate One Health counseling, environmental health precepts, and advocacy into their practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Agache
- Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania.
| | | | - Daniela Spanu
- Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania
| | - Dan Grigorescu
- Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania
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7
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Sardá R, Pogutz S, de Silvio M, Allevi V, Saputo A, Daminelli R, Fumagalli F, Totaro L, Rizzi G, Magni G, Pachner J, Perrini F. Business for ocean sustainability: Early responses of ocean governance in the private sector. AMBIO 2023; 52:253-270. [PMID: 36260251 PMCID: PMC9755432 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-022-01784-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A large sample of 1664 companies-69 directly working in the ocean economy-distributed across 19 industrial sectors was investigated to explore awareness and activation regarding direct and indirect pressures on the ocean, their responses to these pressures, and the disclosure tools used. We examined their accountability and disclosure practices on sustainable development goals (SDGs) using the drivers, pressures, state, welfare, and response accounting framework. Based on their 2019 sustainability reports, just 7% of the companies assessed disclosed on SDG14. However, 51% of these companies can be considered as aware, albeit to varying degrees, of the pressures their industries place on the oceans, 44% deploy mitigating activities, and 26% are aware and actively lead business responses to ocean challenges. Although we have seen just early responses in addressing ocean challenges, companies' awareness and activation must converge to achieve ocean sustainability and move businesses into a truly blue economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Sardá
- Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Carrer d’acces a la Cala Sant Francesc, 14, 17300 Blanes-Girona, Spain
| | - Stefano Pogutz
- Bocconi University, Via Roberto Sarfatti, 10, 20136 Milan, Italy
| | - Manlio de Silvio
- Bocconi University, Via Roberto Sarfatti, 10, 20136 Milan, Italy
| | - Virginia Allevi
- Bocconi University, Via Roberto Sarfatti, 10, 20136 Milan, Italy
| | - Aristea Saputo
- Bocconi University, Via Roberto Sarfatti, 10, 20136 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Daminelli
- McKinsey Global Institute, McKinsey & Company, Piazza del Duomo, 31, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Fumagalli
- McKinsey Global Institute, McKinsey & Company, Piazza del Duomo, 31, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Totaro
- McKinsey Global Institute, McKinsey & Company, Piazza del Duomo, 31, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Rizzi
- One Ocean Foundation, Via Gesù 10, 20121 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Magni
- One Ocean Foundation, Via Gesù 10, 20121 Milan, Italy
| | - Jan Pachner
- One Ocean Foundation, Via Gesù 10, 20121 Milan, Italy
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Pinhassi J, Farnelid H, García SM, Teira E, Galand PE, Obernosterer I, Quince C, Vila-Costa M, Gasol JM, Lundin D, Andersson AF, Labrenz M, Riemann L. Functional responses of key marine bacteria to environmental change – toward genetic counselling for coastal waters. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:869093. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.869093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Coastal ecosystems deteriorate globally due to human-induced stress factors, like nutrient loading and pollution. Bacteria are critical to marine ecosystems, e.g., by regulating nutrient cycles, synthesizing vitamins, or degrading pollutants, thereby providing essential ecosystem services ultimately affecting economic activities. Yet, until now bacteria are overlooked both as mediators and indicators of ecosystem health, mainly due to methodological limitations in assessing bacterial ecosystem functions. However, these limitations are largely overcome by the advances in molecular biology and bioinformatics methods for characterizing the genetics that underlie functional traits of key bacterial populations – “key” in providing important ecosystem services, being abundant, or by possessing high metabolic rates. It is therefore timely to analyze and define the functional responses of bacteria to human-induced effects on coastal ecosystem health. We posit that categorizing the responses of key marine bacterial populations to changes in environmental conditions through modern microbial oceanography methods will allow establishing the nascent field of genetic counselling for our coastal waters. This requires systematic field studies of linkages between functional traits of key bacterial populations and their ecosystem functions in coastal seas, complemented with systematic experimental analyses of the responses to different stressors. Research and training in environmental management along with dissemination of results and dialogue with societal actors are equally important to ensure the role of bacteria is understood as fundamentally important for coastal ecosystems. Using the responses of microorganisms as a tool to develop genetic counselling for coastal ecosystems can ultimately allow for integrating bacteria as indicators of environmental change.
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Vea EB, Bendtsen J, Richardson K, Ryberg M, Hauschild M. Spatially differentiated marine eutrophication method for absolute environmental sustainability assessments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 843:156873. [PMID: 35752237 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Marine eutrophication and hypoxia caused by excess nutrient availability is a growing environmental problem. In this study, we explore marine nitrogen enrichment in the context of Absolute Environmental Sustainability Assessment (AESA), a method combining life cycle assessment (LCA) with environmental boundaries aiming to compare environmental impacts from an activity (product or system) with the safe operating space (SOS) for the activity. Specifically, we aim to increase the spatial resolution and improve life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) models for marine eutrophication for use in AESAs. By estimating a proxy of the areal extent of eutrophication and hypoxia in coastal large marine ecosystems (LME), we increased model resolution from 66 LMEs in the original LCIA method to 289 coastal LME subsegments and updated relevant LME parameters to the new scale (residence time, bottom water volume, reference O2 concentration, primary production rates and depths). The new method was tested and validated by comparing the global and spatially differentiated occupation of SOS by global nitrogen emissions with observations and it showed an improved ability to identify critical areas where the SOS is exceeded, in accordance with observations of hypoxic events. Despite limitations such as the estimation of benthic zone volume and low spatial differentiation of environmental boundaries, the method can be used by AESA and LCA practitioners wishing to assess the impact of nitrogen release on marine eutrophication with a higher and more relevant spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eldbjørg Blikra Vea
- Sustainability division, Department for Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, 2800 kgs., Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Jørgen Bendtsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, NIVA Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katherine Richardson
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Ryberg
- Sustainability division, Department for Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, 2800 kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michael Hauschild
- Sustainability division, Department for Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, 2800 kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
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10
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Chen S, Chen D, Tan Z, Chen M, Han J. Knowledge mapping of planetary boundaries based on bibliometrics analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:67728-67750. [PMID: 35945326 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22292-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The planetary boundaries concept has triggered a vast amount of pure and applied scientific research, as well as policy and governance activities globally. Indeed, it has rapidly become a centerpiece of sustainability study. It is crucial to review the scientific state of the planetary boundaries (PB) concept systematically. However, there is a lack of research on drawing a scientific investigation map of planetary boundaries. Therefore, to clarify the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics, research hotspots, and frontiers of planetary boundaries, a scientometric analysis was performed based on 530 academic publications on planetary boundaries from 2009 to 2021. This paper conducted the analysis by visualizing the social network, dual-map overlay, co-cited references, structure variation article, and co-occurrence keywords with CiteSpace. The results show that as a new achievement and paradigm in sustainable development research, the planetary boundaries framework is gradually getting global attention and promotion, which has increasingly become an interdisciplinary hot research topic. The most productive authors and institutions are concentrated in England, the USA, Germany, and Sweden. Relevant articles were mainly published in journals focusing on ecology, earth, marine, veterinary, animal, economics, and politics. In addition, we summarized four predominant research themes by clustering keywords: the calculation of single boundary threshold and present value, the integration with assessment methods such as life cycle assessment and footprint families, the downscaling of planetary boundaries, and the expansion to economic and social domains. For scholars who are interested in this topic, this paper would be a useful reference and guideline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Chen
- School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Demin Chen
- School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhixiong Tan
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Maozhi Chen
- School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingwei Han
- School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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11
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McKinley E, Kelly R, Mackay M, Shellock R, Cvitanovic C, van Putten I. Development and expansion in the marine social sciences: Insights from the global community. iScience 2022; 25:104735. [PMID: 35942098 PMCID: PMC9356031 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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12
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Biswas JK, Mondal B, Priyadarshini P, Abhilash PC, Biswas S, Bhatnagar A. Formulation of Water Sustainability Index for India as a performance gauge for realizing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6. AMBIO 2022; 51:1569-1587. [PMID: 34932186 PMCID: PMC9005558 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities targeting economic progress have triggered changes in the Earth system processes causing depletion of resources and degradation of ecosystems. Water is a critical natural resource which has been severely impacted through groundwater depletion, surface water contamination and ocean acidification resulting in repercussions on human health and biodiversity losses. Likewise, India, a mega biodiversity nation has been critically affected by degradation and drawdown of water resources with far-reaching consequences on environmental vitality and socio-economic development. In order to prevent extreme water scarcity in the near future, the country needs to promote sustainable utilisation of water resources by adhering to the targets of Goal 6 of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDGs). The present work, therefore, has focussed on the development of a Water Sustainability Index (WSI) for India that would help attaining the targets of SDG 6. A total of 12 indicators categorized under biophysical and social development dimensions and synonymous with the targets of SDG 6 have been used for the formulation of WSI and thereby understanding how much water resources are used annually in a sustainable manner. The study also highlights the interrelationship between the diverse social development and health indicators (SDG 3) of Indian community. The research has the potential to provide guidance for efficient use of water resources in India. Acting as a yardstick and guiding star, the sustainability metric will help the nation to monitor whether it is on the right track and navigate its journey towards achieving water sustainability. It also calls for cautious course correction and restructuring of current Indian policy and operational instruments for effective green governance and sustainable water management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Kumar Biswas
- Enviromicrobiology, Ecotoxicology and Ecotechnology Research Laboratory (3E MicroToxTech Lab), Department of Ecological Studies, University of Kalyani, Nadia, Kalyani, West Bengal 741235 India
- International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal 741235 India
| | - Bipradeep Mondal
- Enviromicrobiology, Ecotoxicology and Ecotechnology Research Laboratory (3E MicroToxTech Lab), Department of Ecological Studies, University of Kalyani, Nadia, Kalyani, West Bengal 741235 India
| | - Priya Priyadarshini
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
| | | | - Soma Biswas
- Energy and Environment Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Dr. B. C. Roy Engineering College, Durgapur, West Bengal India
| | - Amit Bhatnagar
- Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, 50130 Mikkeli, Finland
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13
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Novaglio C, Bax N, Boschetti F, Emad GR, Frusher S, Fullbrook L, Hemer M, Jennings S, van Putten I, Robinson LM, Spain E, Vince J, Voyer M, Wood G, Fulton EA. Deep aspirations: towards a sustainable offshore Blue Economy. REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES 2022; 32:209-230. [PMID: 33500602 PMCID: PMC7819630 DOI: 10.1007/s11160-020-09628-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The ocean economy is experiencing rapid growth that will provide benefits but will also pose environmental and social risks. With limited space and degraded resources in coastal areas, offshore waters will be a particular focus of Blue Economy expansion over the next decade. When emerging and established economic sectors expand in offshore waters (within national Exclusive Economic Zones), different potential Blue Economy opportunities and challenges will arise. Following a series of interdisciplinary workshops, we imagine two technically possible futures for the offshore Blue Economy and we identify the actions required to achieve the more sustainable outcome. Under a business as usual scenario the focus will remain on economic growth, the commodification of nature, the dominance of private over public and cultural interests, and prioritisation of the interests of current over future generations. A more sustainable scenario would meet multiple UN Sustainable Development Goals and ensure inclusive economic developments, environmental sustainability, and fair and equitable access to resources and technologies across users, nations, and generations. Challenges to this more sustainable future are a lack of infrastructure and technology to support emerging offshore sectors, limited understanding of environmental impacts, inequitable outcomes, and a lack of planning and governmental oversight. Addressing these challenges will require a shift in societal values, a more balanced allocation of funding to offshore activities, transparency in information sharing between industries and across nations, and adjustment of international legal and institutional mechanisms. The sustainable and equitable offshore Blue Economy we envisage is achievable and provides a unique opportunity to build global capacity and partnership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Novaglio
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Narissa Bax
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | | | - Gholam Reza Emad
- Australian Maritime College, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS Australia
| | - Stewart Frusher
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Liam Fullbrook
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, TAS Australia
- School of Social Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Mark Hemer
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | | | - Ingrid van Putten
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Lucy M. Robinson
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Perth, WA Australia
- Oceans Graduate School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Erica Spain
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Joanna Vince
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, TAS Australia
- School of Social Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS Australia
| | - Michelle Voyer
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security (ANCORS), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW Australia
| | - Graham Wood
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, TAS Australia
- School of Humanities, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS Australia
| | - Elizabeth A. Fulton
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, TAS Australia
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14
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Novaglio C, Bax N, Boschetti F, Emad GR, Frusher S, Fullbrook L, Hemer M, Jennings S, van Putten I, Robinson LM, Spain E, Vince J, Voyer M, Wood G, Fulton EA. Deep aspirations: towards a sustainable offshore Blue Economy. REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES 2022; 32:209-230. [PMID: 33500602 DOI: 10.1007/s11160-020-09628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The ocean economy is experiencing rapid growth that will provide benefits but will also pose environmental and social risks. With limited space and degraded resources in coastal areas, offshore waters will be a particular focus of Blue Economy expansion over the next decade. When emerging and established economic sectors expand in offshore waters (within national Exclusive Economic Zones), different potential Blue Economy opportunities and challenges will arise. Following a series of interdisciplinary workshops, we imagine two technically possible futures for the offshore Blue Economy and we identify the actions required to achieve the more sustainable outcome. Under a business as usual scenario the focus will remain on economic growth, the commodification of nature, the dominance of private over public and cultural interests, and prioritisation of the interests of current over future generations. A more sustainable scenario would meet multiple UN Sustainable Development Goals and ensure inclusive economic developments, environmental sustainability, and fair and equitable access to resources and technologies across users, nations, and generations. Challenges to this more sustainable future are a lack of infrastructure and technology to support emerging offshore sectors, limited understanding of environmental impacts, inequitable outcomes, and a lack of planning and governmental oversight. Addressing these challenges will require a shift in societal values, a more balanced allocation of funding to offshore activities, transparency in information sharing between industries and across nations, and adjustment of international legal and institutional mechanisms. The sustainable and equitable offshore Blue Economy we envisage is achievable and provides a unique opportunity to build global capacity and partnership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Novaglio
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Narissa Bax
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | | | - Gholam Reza Emad
- Australian Maritime College, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS Australia
| | - Stewart Frusher
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Liam Fullbrook
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, TAS Australia
- School of Social Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Mark Hemer
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | | | - Ingrid van Putten
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Lucy M Robinson
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Perth, WA Australia
- Oceans Graduate School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Erica Spain
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Joanna Vince
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, TAS Australia
- School of Social Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS Australia
| | - Michelle Voyer
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security (ANCORS), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW Australia
| | - Graham Wood
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, TAS Australia
- School of Humanities, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Fulton
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, TAS Australia
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15
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Li M, Wiedmann T, Fang K, Hadjikakou M. The role of planetary boundaries in assessing absolute environmental sustainability across scales. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 152:106475. [PMID: 33725560 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The idea of revisiting the biophysical limits of human life on planet Earth has gained renewed momentum in the Anthropocene. The planetary boundaries (PBs) framework has emerged as a strong guardrail concept, even though its capacity to inform the development of absolute sustainability assessments and realistic policies remains unclear. In this paper, we present a current synthesis of the development of absolute environmental sustainability (AES) indicators and assessments informed by PBs. We firstly explore how PBs have been considered in AES research at different scales. We then present a critique of how consensus could be reached in standardising and harmonising the share of globally and locally allocated safe operating spaces. We argue that PBs must be linked to human consumption as the main socio-economic driver and that planetary concerns can only be addressed through a holistic perspective that encompasses global tele-connections. Based on our findings, we provide recommendations for the future design of AES indicators and assessments informed by PBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Li
- School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; Sustainability Assessment Program (SAP), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Thomas Wiedmann
- Sustainability Assessment Program (SAP), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Kai Fang
- School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Center of Social Welfare and Governance, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Michalis Hadjikakou
- Sustainability Assessment Program (SAP), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
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16
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An In-Depth Analysis of Physical Blue and Green Water Scarcity in Agriculture in Terms of Causes and Events and Perceived Amenability to Economic Interpretation. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13121693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
An analytical review of physical blue and green water scarcity in terms of agricultural use, and its amenability to economic interpretation, is presented, employing more than 600 references. The main definitions and classifications involved and information about reserves and resources are critically analyzed, blue and green water scarcity are examined along with their interchange, while their causal connection with climate in general is analyzed along with the particular instances of Europe, Africa, Asia and the WANA region. The role of teleconnections and evaporation/moisture import-export is examined as forms of action at a distance. The human intervention scarcity driver is examined extensively in terms of land use land cover change (LULCC), as well as population increase. The discussion deals with following critical problems: green and blue water availability, inadequate accessibility, blue water loss, unevenly distributed precipitation, climate uncertainty and country level over global level precedence. The conclusion singles out, among others, problems emerging from the inter-relationship of physical variables and the difficulty to translate them into economic instrumental variables, as well as the lack of imbedding uncertainty in the underlying physical theory due to the fact that country level measurements are not methodically assumed to be the basic building block of regional and global water scarcity.
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17
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Booth H, Arlidge WNS, Squires D, Milner-Gulland EJ. Bycatch levies could reconcile trade-offs between blue growth and biodiversity conservation. Nat Ecol Evol 2021; 5:715-725. [PMID: 33972736 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-021-01444-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Economic activities in the ocean (that is, the 'blue economy') provide value to society, yet also jeopardize marine ecosystems. For example, fisheries are an essential source of income and food security for billions of people, yet bycatch poses a major threat to marine biodiversity, creating trade-offs between economic growth and biodiversity conservation. This Perspective explores bycatch levies as a market-based instrument for reconciling these trade-offs. We outline the theory and practice of bycatch levies to demonstrate how they could incentivize bycatch prevention and raise revenue for compensatory conservation, provided they are well designed, as part of a policy mix for sustainable and equitable ocean governance. We then explore ways forward for mainstreaming bycatch levies into the blue economy. While compensatory bycatch mitigation has been controversial, increasing adoption of net outcome approaches to biodiversity conservation suggests they could become mainstreamed within the next decade. Bycatch levies could raise billions of dollars towards closing global biodiversity financing gaps, delivering net outcomes for biodiversity under the United Nations Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework while enabling blue growth, and moving towards win-wins for economic welfare and biodiversity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hollie Booth
- The Interdisciplinary Centre for Conservation Science (ICCS), Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. .,Wildlife Conservation Society, New York City, NY, USA.
| | - William N S Arlidge
- The Interdisciplinary Centre for Conservation Science (ICCS), Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Faculty of Life Sciences, Albrecht Daniel Thaer Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dale Squires
- Department of Economics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.,Southwest Fisheries Science Centre, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - E J Milner-Gulland
- The Interdisciplinary Centre for Conservation Science (ICCS), Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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18
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Canning AD, Joy MK, Death RG. Nutrient criteria to achieve New Zealand's riverine macroinvertebrate targets. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11556. [PMID: 34131528 PMCID: PMC8174153 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Waterways worldwide are experiencing nutrient enrichment from population growth and intensive agriculture, and New Zealand is part of this global trend. Increasing fertilizer in New Zealand and intensive agriculture have driven substantial water quality declines over recent decades. A recent national directive has set environmental managers a range of riverine ecological targets, including three macroinvertebrate indicators, and requires nutrient criteria be set to support their achievement. To support these national aspirations, we use the minimization-of-mismatch analysis to derive potential nutrient criteria. Given that nutrient and macroinvertebrate monitoring often does not occur at the same sites, we compared nutrient criteria derived at sites where macroinvertebrates and nutrients are monitored concurrently with nutrient criteria derived at all macroinvertebrate monitoring sites and using modelled nutrients. To support all three macroinvertebrate targets, we suggest that suitable nutrient criteria would set median dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations at ~0.6 mg/L and median dissolved reactive phosphorus concentrations at ~0.02 mg/L. We recognize that deriving site-specific nutrient criteria requires the balancing of multiple values and consideration of multiple targets, and anticipate that criteria derived here will help and support these environmental goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Canning
- Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael K Joy
- School of Government, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Russell G Death
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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19
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Bayley D, Brickle P, Brewin P, Golding N, Pelembe T. Valuation of kelp forest ecosystem services in the Falkland Islands: A case study integrating blue carbon sequestration potential. ONE ECOSYSTEM 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/oneeco.6.e62811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Kelp forests provide many important ecosystem services to people, including mitigating storm damage, cycling nutrients, and providing commercially-harvestable resources. However, kelp forests’ ability to sequester carbon dioxide, and therefore help regulate the climate, has until recently, been overlooked in assessments of the beneficial services they provide. In this study we incorporate updated knowledge on the potential of kelp to sequester ‘blue carbon’, and use the extensive kelp forests of the Falkland Islands as a case study to assess the value of kelp forest to society through multiple associated ecosystem services. Our analysis shows kelp forests provide a highly valuable range of direct and indirect services, which if managed correctly, will continue to benefit people, both now and in the future. The total estimated value of the Falkland Islands’ kelp system is currently equivalent to ~ £2.69 billion per year (or £3.24 million km-2 year-1). However, the true value of the kelp forest surrounding the Falkland Islands is likely to be higher still, given that our estimate does not account for elements such as associated scientific research, tourism, and cultural services, due to the necessary data currently being unavailable. Similarly, the full value of these highly biodiverse ecosystems in supplying habitat and food to a large range of associated species is crucial, yet extremely difficult to fully quantify. This study illustrates the importance of maintaining kelp ecosystems in a healthy state to ensure they continue to supply valuable ecological processes, functional roles, and ecosystem services, including their overlooked role as significant long-term carbon sinks.
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20
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Polejack A, Coelho LF. Ocean Science Diplomacy can Be a Game Changer to Promote the Access to Marine Technology in Latin America and the Caribbean. Front Res Metr Anal 2021; 6:637127. [PMID: 33912786 PMCID: PMC8072459 DOI: 10.3389/frma.2021.637127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean science is central in providing evidence for the implementation of the United Nations Law of the Sea Convention. The Convention's provisions on transfer of marine technology to developing countries aim at strengthening scientific capabilities to promote equitable opportunities for these countries to exercise rights and obligations in managing the marine environment. Decades after the adoption of the Convention, these provisions are under implemented, despite the efforts of international organizations, such as IOC-UNESCO. Latin America and the Caribbean struggle to conduct marine scientific research and seize the opportunities of blue economy due to the limited access to state-of-the-art technology. Ocean science communities in these countries are subject to constraints not foreseeing in international treaties, such as unstable exchange rates, taxation, fees for transportation, costs of maintenance and calibration of technology, challenges to comply with technical standards, and intellectual property rights. Action is needed to overcome these challenges by promoting a closer tie between science and diplomacy. We discuss that this interplay between science and international relations, as we frame science diplomacy, can inform on how to progress in allowing countries in this region to develop relevant research and implement the Convention. We provide concrete examples of this transfer of marine technology and ways forward, in particular in the context of the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Polejack
- WMU-Sasakawa Global Ocean Institute, World Maritime University, Malmö, Sweden.,Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovações, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Luciana Fernandes Coelho
- WMU-Sasakawa Global Ocean Institute, World Maritime University, Malmö, Sweden.,Research Group Natural Resources, Law, and Sustainable Development, Brazilian Institute for the Law of the Sea, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
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21
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Heinze C, Blenckner T, Martins H, Rusiecka D, Döscher R, Gehlen M, Gruber N, Holland E, Hov Ø, Joos F, Matthews JBR, Rødven R, Wilson S. The quiet crossing of ocean tipping points. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2008478118. [PMID: 33619085 PMCID: PMC7936299 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008478118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change profoundly alters the ocean's environmental conditions, which, in turn, impact marine ecosystems. Some of these changes are happening fast and may be difficult to reverse. The identification and monitoring of such changes, which also includes tipping points, is an ongoing and emerging research effort. Prevention of negative impacts requires mitigation efforts based on feasible research-based pathways. Climate-induced tipping points are traditionally associated with singular catastrophic events (relative to natural variations) of dramatic negative impact. High-probability high-impact ocean tipping points due to warming, ocean acidification, and deoxygenation may be more fragmented both regionally and in time but add up to global dimensions. These tipping points in combination with gradual changes need to be addressed as seriously as singular catastrophic events in order to prevent the cumulative and often compounding negative societal and Earth system impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Heinze
- Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway;
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Thorsten Blenckner
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Martins
- Rossby Centre, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, 60176 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Dagmara Rusiecka
- Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ralf Döscher
- Rossby Centre, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, 60176 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Marion Gehlen
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Gruber
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Holland
- Pacific Centre for the Environment and Sustainable Development, The University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji
| | - Øystein Hov
- Norwegian Meteorological Institute, 0371 Oslo, Norway
- The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, 0271 Oslo, Norway
| | - Fortunat Joos
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - John Brian Robin Matthews
- School of Architecture, Computing and Engineering, University of East London, E16 2RD, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rolf Rødven
- Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme Secretariat, 9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Simon Wilson
- Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme Secretariat, 9296 Tromsø, Norway
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22
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Finnegan AMD, Gouramanis C. Projected plastic waste loss scenarios between 2000 and 2030 into the largest freshwater-lake system in Southeast Asia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3897. [PMID: 33594117 PMCID: PMC7887202 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Freshwater plastic pollution is critically understudied in Southeast Asia (SEA). Recent modelling studies indicate that SEA rivers contribute vast quantities of plastic to the world's oceans, however, these fail to capture the complexity of individual systems. We determine the volume of mismanaged plastic waste (MPW) entering Tonle Sap Basin (TSB)-the largest freshwater lake-river system in SEA, between 2000 and 2030. Using economic, population and waste data at provincial and national levels, coupled with high resolution population and flood datasets, we estimate that ca. 221,700 tons of plastic entered between 2000 and 2020, and 282,300 ± 8700 tons will enter between 2021 and 2030. We demonstrate that policy interventions can reduce MPW up to 76% between 2021 and 2030. The most-stringent scenario would prevent 99% of annual MPW losses by 2030, despite substantially higher waste volumes and population. If successfully implemented, Cambodia will prevent significant losses in natural capital, material value and degradation in TSB worth at least US$4.8 billion, with additional benefits for the Mekong River and South China Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christos Gouramanis
- Geography Department, National University of Singapore, 1 Arts Link, #03-01 Block AS2, Singapore, 117570, Singapore.,Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Building 142, Mills Road, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
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23
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Carral L, Camba Fabal C, Lamas Galdo MI, Rodríguez-Guerreiro MJ, Cartelle Barros JJ. Assessment of the Materials Employed in Green Artificial Reefs for the Galician Estuaries in Terms of Circular Economy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8850. [PMID: 33260753 PMCID: PMC7730678 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To exploit marine resources in a sustainable way, efficient management systems must be used such as green artificial reefs (GARs). These reefs are mostly made up of renewable and organic materials. When adopting the circular economy (CE) model, industrial processes must be reconsidered. By adapting how conventional artificial reefs (CARs) are engineered and produced to embrace the principles of the CE, certain materials can be used. Renewable resources are designed to be reintroduced into the biosphere without producing harmful organic residues or nutrients. Within a framework that covers economic, environmental and social considerations, this study offers four new proposals related to substituting the materials destined for the components in an artificial reef. For the first time, two different methodologies were applied to determine the best alternative in terms of its contribution to both sustainability and CE. From the results obtained, the best solutions are in line with substituting a certain amount of the cement and sand with mussel shells. The importance of the results lies in the fact that the canning industry in Galicia (northwest Spain) generates shell residues which promote grave environmental consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Juan José Cartelle Barros
- Escola Politécnica Superior, Universidade da Coruña, 15403 Ferrol, Spain; (L.C.); (C.C.F.); (M.I.L.G.); (M.J.R.-G.)
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Claudet J, Loiseau C, Sostres M, Zupan M. Underprotected Marine Protected Areas in a Global Biodiversity Hotspot. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oneear.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Nash KL, Blythe JL, Cvitanovic C, Fulton EA, Halpern BS, Milner-Gulland E, Addison PF, Pecl GT, Watson RA, Blanchard JL. To Achieve a Sustainable Blue Future, Progress Assessments Must Include Interdependencies between the Sustainable Development Goals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oneear.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Claudet J, Bopp L, Cheung WW, Devillers R, Escobar-Briones E, Haugan P, Heymans JJ, Masson-Delmotte V, Matz-Lück N, Miloslavich P, Mullineaux L, Visbeck M, Watson R, Zivian AM, Ansorge I, Araujo M, Aricò S, Bailly D, Barbière J, Barnerias C, Bowler C, Brun V, Cazenave A, Diver C, Euzen A, Gaye AT, Hilmi N, Ménard F, Moulin C, Muñoz NP, Parmentier R, Pebayle A, Pörtner HO, Osvaldina S, Ricard P, Santos RS, Sicre MA, Thiébault S, Thiele T, Troublé R, Turra A, Uku J, Gaill F. A Roadmap for Using the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development in Support of Science, Policy, and Action. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oneear.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Unsworth RKF, McKenzie LJ, Collier CJ, Cullen-Unsworth LC, Duarte CM, Eklöf JS, Jarvis JC, Jones BL, Nordlund LM. Global challenges for seagrass conservation. AMBIO 2019; 48:801-815. [PMID: 30456457 PMCID: PMC6541581 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-018-1115-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Seagrasses, flowering marine plants that form underwater meadows, play a significant global role in supporting food security, mitigating climate change and supporting biodiversity. Although progress is being made to conserve seagrass meadows in select areas, most meadows remain under significant pressure resulting in a decline in meadow condition and loss of function. Effective management strategies need to be implemented to reverse seagrass loss and enhance their fundamental role in coastal ocean habitats. Here we propose that seagrass meadows globally face a series of significant common challenges that must be addressed from a multifaceted and interdisciplinary perspective in order to achieve global conservation of seagrass meadows. The six main global challenges to seagrass conservation are (1) a lack of awareness of what seagrasses are and a limited societal recognition of the importance of seagrasses in coastal systems; (2) the status of many seagrass meadows are unknown, and up-to-date information on status and condition is essential; (3) understanding threatening activities at local scales is required to target management actions accordingly; (4) expanding our understanding of interactions between the socio-economic and ecological elements of seagrass systems is essential to balance the needs of people and the planet; (5) seagrass research should be expanded to generate scientific inquiries that support conservation actions; (6) increased understanding of the linkages between seagrass and climate change is required to adapt conservation accordingly. We also explicitly outline a series of proposed policy actions that will enable the scientific and conservation community to rise to these challenges. We urge the seagrass conservation community to engage stakeholders from local resource users to international policy-makers to address the challenges outlined here, in order to secure the future of the world's seagrass ecosystems and maintain the vital services which they supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard K. F. Unsworth
- Seagrass Ecosystem Research Group, College of Science, Swansea University, Wallace Building, Swansea, SA2 8PP UK
- Project Seagrass, 33 Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3BA UK
| | - Len J. McKenzie
- Centre for Tropical Water & Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Catherine J. Collier
- Centre for Tropical Water & Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Leanne C. Cullen-Unsworth
- Project Seagrass, 33 Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3BA UK
- Sustainable Places Research Institute, Cardiff University, 33 Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3BA UK
| | - Carlos M. Duarte
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Johan S. Eklöf
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessie C. Jarvis
- Department of Biology & Marine Biology, Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 601 South College Rd, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA
| | - Benjamin L. Jones
- Project Seagrass, 33 Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3BA UK
- Sustainable Places Research Institute, Cardiff University, 33 Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3BA UK
| | - Lina M. Nordlund
- Natural Resources and Sustainable Development, NRHU Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Campus Gotland, Sweden
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Abstract
Transformations towards sustainability are needed to address many of the earth’s profound environmental and social challenges. Yet, actions taken to deliberately shift social–ecological systems towards more sustainable trajectories can have substantial social impacts and exclude people from decision-making processes. The concept of just transformations makes explicit a need to consider social justice in the process of shifting towards sustainability. In this paper, we draw on the transformations, just transitions, and social justice literature to advance a pragmatic framing of just transformations that includes recognitional, procedural and distributional considerations. Decision-making processes to guide just transformations need to consider these three factors before, during and after the transformation period. We offer practical and methodological guidance to help navigate just transformations in environmental management and sustainability policies and practice. The framing of just transformations put forward here might be used to inform decision making in numerous marine and terrestrial ecosystems, in rural and urban environments, and at various scales from local to global. We argue that sustainability transformations cannot be considered a success unless social justice is a central concern.
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Wang X, Daigger G, de Vries W, Kroeze C, Yang M, Ren NQ, Liu J, Butler D. Impact hotspots of reduced nutrient discharge shift across the globe with population and dietary changes. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2627. [PMID: 31201305 PMCID: PMC6570658 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10445-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Reducing nutrient discharge from wastewater is essential to mitigating aquatic eutrophication; however, energy- and chemicals-intensive nutrient removal processes, accompanied with the emissions of airborne contaminants, can create other, unexpected, environmental consequences. Implementing mitigation strategies requires a complete understanding of the effects of nutrient control practices, given spatial and temporal variations. Here we simulate the environmental impacts of reducing nutrient discharge from domestic wastewater in 173 countries during 1990-2050. We find that improvements in wastewater infrastructure achieve a large-scale decline in nutrient input to surface waters, but this is causing detrimental effects on the atmosphere and the broader environment. Population size and dietary protein intake have the most significant effects over all the impacts arising from reduction of wastewater nutrients. Wastewater-related impact hotspots are also shifting from Asia to Africa, suggesting a need for interventions in such countries, mostly with growing populations, rising dietary intake, rapid urbanisation, and inadequate sanitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085, Beijing, China.
- Centre for Water Systems, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, United Kingdom.
| | - Glen Daigger
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Wim de Vries
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AA, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AA, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Carolien Kroeze
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AA, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Min Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Nan-Qi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090, Harbin, China
| | - Junxin Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - David Butler
- Centre for Water Systems, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, United Kingdom
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McLean MJ, Mouillot D, Goascoz N, Schlaich I, Auber A. Functional reorganization of marine fish nurseries under climate warming. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:660-674. [PMID: 30367735 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
While climate change is rapidly impacting marine species and ecosystems worldwide, the effects of climate warming on coastal fish nurseries have received little attention despite nurseries' fundamental roles in recruitment and population replenishment. Here, we used a 26-year time series (1987-2012) of fish monitoring in the Bay of Somme, a nursery in the Eastern English Channel (EEC), to examine the impacts of environmental and human drivers on the spatial and temporal dynamics of fish functional structure during a warming phase of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). We found that the nursery was initially dominated by fishes with r-selected life-history traits such as low trophic level, low age and size at maturity, and small offspring, which are highly sensitive to warming. The AMO, likely superimposed on climate change, induced rapid warming in the late 1990s (over 1°C from 1998 to 2003), leading to functional reorganization of fish communities, with a roughly 80% decline in overall fish abundance and increased dominance by K-selected fishes. Additionally, historical overfishing likely rendered the bay more vulnerable to climatic changes due to increased dominance by fishing-tolerant, yet climatically sensitive species. The drop in fish abundance not only altered fish functional structure within the Bay of Somme, but the EEC was likely impacted, as the EEC has been unable to recover from a regime shift in the late 1990s potentially, in part, due to failed replenishment from the bay. Given the collapse of r-selected fishes, we discuss how the combination of climate cycles and global warming could threaten marine fish nurseries worldwide, as nurseries are often dominated by r-selected species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J McLean
- IFREMER, Unité Halieutique de Manche et mer du Nord, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - David Mouillot
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier Cedex, France
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland
| | - Nicolas Goascoz
- IFREMER, Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques, Port-en-Bessin, France
| | - Ivan Schlaich
- IFREMER, Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques, Port-en-Bessin, France
| | - Arnaud Auber
- IFREMER, Unité Halieutique de Manche et mer du Nord, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
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32
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White L, Donohue I, Emmerson MC, O'Connor NE. Combined effects of warming and nutrients on marine communities are moderated by predators and vary across functional groups. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:5853-5866. [PMID: 30246490 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Warming, nutrient enrichment and biodiversity modification are among the most pervasive components of human-induced global environmental change. We know little about their cumulative effects on ecosystems; however, even though this knowledge is fundamental to predicting and managing their consequences in a changing world. Here, we show that shifts in predator species composition can moderate both the individual and combined effects of warming and nutrient enrichment in marine systems. However, all three aspects of global change also acted independently to alter different functional groups in our flow-through marine rock-pool mesocosms. Specifically, warming reduced macroalgal biomass and assemblage productivity, whereas enrichment led to increased abundance of meso-invertebrate consumers, and loss of predator species led to increased gastropod grazer biomass. This disparity in responses, both across trophic levels (macroalgae and intermediate consumers), and between detecting additive effects on aggregate measures of ecosystem functioning, yet interactive effects on community composition, illustrates that our forecasting ability depends strongly on the level of ecological complexity incorporated within global change experiments. We conclude that biodiversity change-and loss of predator species in particular-plays a critical and overarching role in determining how ecological communities respond to stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia White
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Ian Donohue
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark C Emmerson
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Nessa E O'Connor
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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33
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Cullen-Unsworth LC, Unsworth R. A call for seagrass protection. SCIENCE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 361:446-448. [PMID: 30072524 DOI: 10.1126/science.aat7318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard Unsworth
- College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
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34
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Borja A, Elliott M. There is no Planet B: A healthy Earth requires greater parity between space and marine research. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 130:28-30. [PMID: 29866559 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Angel Borja
- AZTI, Marine Research Division, Herrera Kaia, Portualdea s/n, 20110 Pasaia, Spain.
| | - Michael Elliott
- Institute of Estuarine & Coastal Studies, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK.
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