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Schmartz GP, Rehner J, Gund MP, Keller V, Molano LAG, Rupf S, Hannig M, Berger T, Flockerzi E, Seitz B, Fleser S, Schmitt-Grohé S, Kalefack S, Zemlin M, Kunz M, Götzinger F, Gevaerd C, Vogt T, Reichrath J, Diehl L, Hecksteden A, Meyer T, Herr C, Gurevich A, Krug D, Hegemann J, Bozhueyuek K, Gulder TAM, Fu C, Beemelmanns C, Schattenberg JM, Kalinina OV, Becker A, Unger M, Ludwig N, Seibert M, Stein ML, Hanna NL, Martin MC, Mahfoud F, Krawczyk M, Becker SL, Müller R, Bals R, Keller A. Decoding the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of microbiota using pan-body pan-disease microbiomics. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8261. [PMID: 39327438 PMCID: PMC11427559 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52598-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome emerges as a promising reservoir for diagnostic markers and therapeutics. Since host-associated microbiomes at various body sites differ and diseases do not occur in isolation, a comprehensive analysis strategy highlighting the full potential of microbiomes should include diverse specimen types and various diseases. To ensure robust data quality and comparability across specimen types and diseases, we employ standardized protocols to generate sequencing data from 1931 prospectively collected specimens, including from saliva, plaque, skin, throat, eye, and stool, with an average sequencing depth of 5.3 gigabases. Collected from 515 patients, these samples yield an average of 3.7 metagenomes per patient. Our results suggest significant microbial variations across diseases and specimen types, including unexpected anatomical sites. We identify 583 unexplored species-level genome bins (SGBs) of which 189 are significantly disease-associated. Of note, the existence of microbial resistance genes in one specimen was indicative of the same resistance genes in other specimens of the same patient. Annotated and previously undescribed SGBs collectively harbor 28,315 potential biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), with 1050 significant correlations to diseases. Our combinatorial approach identifies distinct SGBs and BGCs, emphasizing the value of pan-body pan-disease microbiomics as a source for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges P Schmartz
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Rehner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Madline P Gund
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Verena Keller
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Rupf
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
- Synoptic Dentistry, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Tim Berger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Elias Flockerzi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Berthold Seitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sara Fleser
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sabina Schmitt-Grohé
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Kalefack
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael Zemlin
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael Kunz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Felix Götzinger
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Gevaerd
- Clinic for Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogt
- Clinic for Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Reichrath
- Clinic for Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Diehl
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Anne Hecksteden
- Institute for Sport and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Chair of Sports Medicine, Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tim Meyer
- Institute for Sport and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christian Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine V - Pulmonology, Allergology, Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Alexey Gurevich
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Center for Bioinformatics Saar and Saarland University, Saarland Informatics Campus, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Daniel Krug
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Julian Hegemann
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Kenan Bozhueyuek
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Tobias A M Gulder
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Chengzhang Fu
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christine Beemelmanns
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jörn M Schattenberg
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Olga V Kalinina
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Anouck Becker
- Department for Neurology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Unger
- Department for Neurology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Ludwig
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Martina Seibert
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Marie-Louise Stein
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Nikolas Loka Hanna
- Department of Internal Medicine V - Pulmonology, Allergology, Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marie-Christin Martin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Felix Mahfoud
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Marcin Krawczyk
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sören L Becker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- PharmaScienceHub, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Robert Bals
- Department of Internal Medicine V - Pulmonology, Allergology, Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- PharmaScienceHub, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Andreas Keller
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
- PharmaScienceHub, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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Li S, Liu M, Han Y, Liu C, Cao S, Cui Y, Zhu X, Wang Z, Liu B, Shi Y. Gut microbiota-derived gamma-aminobutyric acid improves host appetite by inhibiting satiety hormone secretion. mSystems 2024:e0101524. [PMID: 39315776 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01015-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, appetite disorders have become an increasingly prominent public health issue. While short-term appetite loss may seem relatively harmless, prolonged instances can lead to serious physical and mental damage. In recent years, numerous studies have highlighted the significant role of the "microbiota-gut-brain" axis in the regulation of feeding behavior in organisms, suggesting that targeting the gut microbiota may be a novel therapeutic strategy for appetite disorders. However, the molecular mechanisms through which the gut microbiota mediates the increase in host appetite and the causal relationship between the two remain unclear. Based on this, we conducted 16S rRNA sequencing to analyze the gut microbiota of rabbits with high and low feed intake, followed by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and metabolite gavage experiments to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Our research indicates that the high feed intake group exhibited significant enrichment of the g__Bacteroides and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and intragastric administration of GABA effectively promoted the host's feeding behavior. The underlying mechanism involves GABA derived from the gut microbiota inhibiting the secretion of satiety hormones to enhance the host's feeding behavior. Furthermore, the results of FMT suggest that differences in gut microbiota composition may be a contributing factor to varying levels of feed intake in the host. In conclusion, these findings emphasize the role of the gut microbiota-derived GABA, in increasing host feed intake, offering a new target for the treatment of appetite disorders from the perspective of gut microbiota.IMPORTANCEThe incidence of anorexia is rapidly increasing and has become a global burden. Gut microbiota can participate in the regulation of host feeding behavior, yet the molecular mechanisms through which the gut microbiota mediates the increase in host appetite and the causal relationship between them remain unclear. In this study, we utilized 16S rRNA sequencing to investigate the composition of the gut microbiota in rabbits with varying levels of feed intake and employed fecal microbiota transplantation and gastric infusion experiments with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) to elucidate the potential mechanisms involved. GABA derived from the gut microbiota can effectively enhance the host's feeding behavior by inhibiting the secretion of satiety hormones. This discovery underscores the pivotal role of the gut microbiota in modulating host appetite, offering novel research avenues and therapeutic targets for appetite disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouren Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengqi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yao Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cong Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shixi Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yalei Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhichang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Boshuai Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yinghua Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Hammer AJ, Gaulke CA, Garcia-Jaramillo M, Leong C, Morre J, Sieler MJ, Stevens JF, Jiang Y, Maier CS, Kent ML, Sharpton TJ. Gut microbiota metabolically mediate intestinal helminth infection in zebrafish. mSystems 2024; 9:e0054524. [PMID: 39191377 PMCID: PMC11406965 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00545-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal helminth parasite (IHP) infection induces alterations in the composition of microbial communities across vertebrates, although how gut microbiota may facilitate or hinder parasite infection remains poorly defined. In this work, we utilized a zebrafish model to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota, gut metabolites, and IHP infection. We found that extreme disparity in zebrafish parasite infection burden is linked to the composition of the gut microbiome and that changes in the gut microbiome are associated with variation in a class of endogenously produced signaling compounds, N-acylethanolamines, that are known to be involved in parasite infection. Using a statistical mediation analysis, we uncovered a set of gut microbes whose relative abundance explains the association between gut metabolites and infection outcomes. Experimental investigation of one of the compounds in this analysis reveals salicylaldehyde, which is putatively produced by the gut microbe Pelomonas, as a potent anthelmintic with activity against Pseudocapillaria tomentosa egg hatching, both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our findings underscore the importance of the gut microbiome as a mediating agent in parasitic infection and highlight specific gut metabolites as tools for the advancement of novel therapeutic interventions against IHP infection. IMPORTANCE Intestinal helminth parasites (IHPs) impact human health globally and interfere with animal health and agricultural productivity. While anthelmintics are critical to controlling parasite infections, their efficacy is increasingly compromised by drug resistance. Recent investigations suggest the gut microbiome might mediate helminth infection dynamics. So, identifying how gut microbes interact with parasites could yield new therapeutic targets for infection prevention and management. We conducted a study using a zebrafish model of parasitic infection to identify routes by which gut microbes might impact helminth infection outcomes. Our research linked the gut microbiome to both parasite infection and to metabolites in the gut to understand how microbes could alter parasite infection. We identified a metabolite in the gut, salicylaldehyde, that is putatively produced by a gut microbe and that inhibits parasitic egg growth. Our results also point to a class of compounds, N-acyl-ethanolamines, which are affected by changes in the gut microbiome and are linked to parasite infection. Collectively, our results indicate the gut microbiome may be a source of novel anthelmintics that can be harnessed to control IHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin J Hammer
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Oregon, USA
| | - Christopher A Gaulke
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Connor Leong
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Oregon, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Jeffrey Morre
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Oregon, USA
| | - Michael J Sieler
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Oregon, USA
| | - Jan F Stevens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Oregon, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Oregon, USA
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Oregon, USA
| | - Claudia S Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Oregon, USA
| | - Michael L Kent
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Oregon, USA
| | - Thomas J Sharpton
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Oregon, USA
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Oregon, USA
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4
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Li Z, Bi T. Causal effects of gut microbiota, metabolites, immune cells, liposomes, and inflammatory proteins on anorexia nervosa: A mediation joint multi-omics Mendelian randomization analysis. J Affect Disord 2024; 368:343-358. [PMID: 39299582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.09.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a significant psychological disorder influenced by environmental and genetic elements. Emerging research highlights the pivotal role of the gut microbiome in the development of diverse mental health conditions. This study aims to explore the causal effects and interactions of the gut microbiome, metabolites, immune cells, lipids, and inflammatory proteins on the risk of anorexia nervosa through mediation and multi-omics Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis. METHODS This study used data from the FinnGen genome-wide association study (GWAS) of AN (N = 402,625), integrated with GWAS data on 473 of gut microbiota (N = 5959), 233 metabolites (N = 136,016), 731 immune cells (N = 3757), 179 lipids (N = 7174), and 91 inflammatory proteins (N = 14,824). This study used the univariate MR (UVMR), mediation MR analysis, and sensitivity analysis to assess the potential causal associations between these biomarkers and AN. RESULTS The inverse variance weighted (IVW) results suggest that 25 gut microbiota have causal effects on AN. Firmicutes E (OR: 0.294, 95 % CI: 0.107-0.806, P = 0.017), RUG147 (OR: 0.386, 95 % CI: 0.151-0.990, P = 0.048), CAG-977 (OR: 0.562, 95 % CI: 0.378-0.837, P = 0.005), Desulfobacterota A (OR: 0.651, 95 % CI: 0.466-0.909, P = 0.012), CAG-269 sp002372935 (OR: 0.673, 95 % CI: 0.483-0.937, P = 0.019), Klebsiella (OR: 0.684, 95 % CI: 0.566-0.827, P = 0.00009), Desulfovibrionia (OR: 0.706, 95 % CI: 0.538-0.926, P = 0.012), Klebsiella pneumoniae (OR: 0.737, 95 % CI: 0.600-0.906, P = 0.004), Desulfovibrionales (OR: 0.786, 95 % CI: 0.631-0.979, P = 0.031), CAG-776 (OR: 0.787, 95 % CI: 0.632-0.980, P = 0.032), Desulfovibrionaceae (OR: 0.788, 95 % CI: 0.635-0.978, P = 0.030). 13 gut microbiota were risk factors for AN, including Parachlamydiales (OR: 3.134,95%CI: 1.185-8.287, P = 0.021), Paenibacillus J (OR: 2.366,95%CI: 1.305-4.29, P = 0.005), Gillisia (OR: 1.947,95%CI: 1.135-3.339, P = 0.016), UBA1191 (OR: 1.856,95%CI: 1.221-2.822, P = 0.004), UBA7703 (OR: 1.843,95%CI: 1.032-3.289, P = 0.039), Faecalicatena sp002161355 (OR: 1.788,95%CI: 1.114-2.870, P = 0.016), Johnsonella ignava (OR: 1.742,95%CI: 1.031-2.944, P = 0.038), Staphylococcus aureus (OR: 1.614, 95%CI: 1.007-2.588, P = 0.047), Comamonas (OR: 1.522,95%CI: 1.004-2.307, P = 0.048), Ruminococcus D (OR: 1.24,95%CI: 1.050-1.464, P = 0.011), CAG-349 (OR: 1.198,95%CI: 1.048-1.370, P = 0.008), Ruminococcus D bicirculans (OR: 1.175,95%CI: 1.001-1.379, P = 0.048), CAG-177 (OR: 1.272,95%CI: 1.077-1.503, P = 0.005). Reverse MR analysis showed that causal effect of AN on 18 gut microbiota, but to a lesser extent. 12 metabolites have causal effects on AN. There are 7 protective factors, including glucose levels (OR: 0.700, 95%CI: 0.550-0.893, P = 0.004), isoleucine levels (OR: 0.769, 95%CI: 0.602-0.983, P = 0.036), phospholipids in large VLDL (OR: 0.856, 95%CI: 0.736-0.996, P = 0.044), total lipids in large VLDL (OR: 0.860, 95%CI: 0.740-0.999, P = 0.049), total lipids in small VLDL (OR: 0.863, 95%CI: 0.751-0.992, P = 0.038), free cholesterol in small VLDL (OR: 0.86, 95%CI: 0.752-0.996, P = 0.044), and free cholesterol in medium VLDL (OR: 0.866, 95%CI: 0.752-0.998, P = 0.047). There are 5 risk factors, including estimated degree of unsaturation (OR: 1.174, 95%CI: 1.009-1.367, P = 0.039), free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in small VLDL (OR: 1.199, 95%CI: 1.017-1.414, P = 0.031), phospholipids to total lipids ratio in small VLDL (OR: 1.216, 95%CI: 1.008-1.467, P = 0.041), total cholesterol levels in small HDL (OR: 1.241, 95%CI: 1.008-1.530, P = 0.042), and phospholipids to total lipids ratio in medium VLDL (OR: 1.280, 95%CI: 1.055-1.553, P = 0.012). Reverse MR analysis showed that AN had a causal effect on 15 metabolites. Mediation analysis reveals that the estimated degree of unsaturation mediates 0.69 % of the effect of Klebsiella pneumoniae on AN. Total lipids in small VLDL mediate 0.358 % of the effect of CAG-177 on AN, with a mediated proportion of 1.490 %. The mediation proportions for Estimated degree of unsaturation and Total lipids in small VLDL are relatively small. 36 immune cells have causal effects on AN. There are 7 protective factors, including Switched memory B cells %B cell (OR: 0.892,95%CI: 0.801-0.994, P = 0.038), CD127-CD8+ T cell absolute count (OR: 0.888,95%CI: 0.789-1.000, P = 0.049), IgD + CD24- B cell (OR: 0.917,95%CI: 0.862-0.975, P = 0.006), HVEM+ T cell (OR: 0.945,95%CI: 0.894-0.999, P = 0.045), CD40 + CD14 + CD16- monocyte (OR: 0.937,95%CI: 0.882-0.996, P = 0.038), CD64 + CD14 + CD16- monocyte (OR: 0.966,95%CI: 0.939-0.993, P = 0.016), CD8+ natural killer T cells (OR: 0.911,95%CI: 0.836-0.992, P = 0.032), HLA-DR+ T cells (OR: 0.921,95%CI: 0.866-0.980, P = 0.010), CD28-CD8+ T cells (OR: 0.886,95%CI: 0.792-0.991, P = 0.034). There are 26 risk factors. Reverse MR analysis showed that AN had a causal effect on 31 immune cells. AN increases the expression levels of five types of immune cells, including CD40 + CD14-CD16+ monocytes (OR: 1.087,95%CI: 1.004-1.177, P = 0.041), PDL-1+ CD14-CD16+ monocytes (OR: 1.082,95%CI: 1.002-1.168, P = 0.046), CD45+ CD33dim HLA-DR+ cells (OR: 1.145,95%CI: 1.019-1.287, P = 0.023), CD45+ basophils (OR: 1.164,95%CI: 1.036-1.307, P = 0.011), CD8+ natural killer T cells (OR: 1.102, 95%CI: 1.015-1.196, P = 0.020), and also decreases the expression levels of 26 immune cells. 6 liposomes showed exhibit protective effects against AN, including phosphatidylcholine (18:0_20:3) levels (OR: 0.852, 95%CI: 0.740-0.981, P = 0.026), phosphatidylcholine (O-18:2_18:1) levels (OR: 0.800, 95%CI: 0.672-0.952, P = 0.012), phosphatidylinositol (18:0_18:1) levels (OR: 0.873, 95%CI: 0.773-0.986, P = 0.029), phosphatidylinositol (18:1_18:2) levels (OR: 0.844, 95%CI: 0.734-0.971, P = 0.018), sphingomyelin (d38:1) levels (OR: 0.903,95%CI: 0.820-0.995, P = 0.039), and triacylglycerol (56:4) levels (OR: 0.786, 95%CI: 0.660-0.936, P = 0.007). There are 3 risk factors, including diacylglycerol (16:1_18:1) levels (OR: 1.208, 95%CI: 1.040-1.404, P = 0.014), phosphatidylcholine (18:1_18:3) levels (OR: 1.237, 95%CI: 1.003-1.526, P = 0.047), and phosphatidylinositol (16:0_20:4) levels (OR: 1.148, 95%CI: 1.003-1.314, P = 0.045). Reverse MR analysis showed that AN had a causal effect on 3 phosphatidylcholine (15:0_18:2) levels (OR: 1.075, 95%CI: 1.001-1.154, P = 0.048), phosphatidylcholine (O-16:2_18:0) levels (OR: 1.078, 95%CI: 1.002-1.159, P = 0.043), and triacylglycerol (51:1) levels (OR: 0.919, 95%CI: 0.850-0.994, P = 0.035). 6 inflammatory proteins have causal effects on AN, with protective factors including Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor levels (OR: 0.822,95%CI: 0.692-0.978, P = 0.027) and Interleukin-15 receptor subunit alpha levels (OR: 0.886, 95%CI: 0.789-0.995, P = 0.041) and risk factors including CC motif chemokine 4 levels (OR: 1.126, 95%CI: 1.011-1.254, P = 0.031), Interleukin-12 subunit beta levels (OR: 1.135, 95%CI: 1.033-1.248, P = 0.008), Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels (OR: 1.152, 95%CI: 1.010-1.314, P = 0.035), and Sulfotransferase 1A1 levels (OR: 1.166, 95%CI: 1.006-1.351, P = 0.042). Reverse MR analysis showed that AN had a causal effect on Transforming growth factor-alpha (OR: 1.054,95%CI: 1.010-1.101, P = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS This study used large-scale and novel GWAS data, for the first time reveals through mediation analysis and multi-omics MR analysis the roles of gut microbiota, metabolites, immune cells, lipids, and inflammatory proteins in the pathogenesis of AN. These findings provide new biomarkers and targets for further prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyang Li
- Department of Life and Physical Education, Dongshin University, 13 Naju-si, 58245, Jeollanam-do, South Korea.
| | - Tianyu Bi
- School of Foreign Languages, Taishan University, Tai'an 271000, China
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5
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Lin B, Ye Z, Cao Z, Ye Z, Yu Y, Jiang W, Guo S, Melnikov V, Zhou P, Ji C, Shi C, Wu Z, Chen Z, Xu Y, Zhang Q, Ma Z, Qiao N, Chen L, Shou X, Cao X, Zhou X, Zhang L, He M, Wang Y, Ye H, Li Y, Zhang Z, Wang M, Gao R, Zhang Y. Integrated Microbiome and Metabolome Analysis Reveals Hypothalamic-Comorbidities Related Signatures in Craniopharyngioma. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2400684. [PMID: 39225628 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Craniopharyngioma (CP) is an intracranial tumor with high mortality and morbidity. Though biologically benign, CP will damage the hypothalamus, inducing comorbidities such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cognitive impairments. The roles of gut microbiome and serum metabolome in CP-associated hypothalamic comorbidities are aimed to be explored. Patients with CP are characterized by increased Shannon diversity, Eubacterium, Clostridium, and Roseburia, alongside decreased Alistipes and Bacteroides. CP-enriched taxa are positively correlated with dyslipidemia and cognitive decline, while CP-depleted taxa are negatively associated with fatty liver. Subsequent serum metabolomics identified notably up-regulated purine metabolism, and integrative analysis indicated an association between altered microbiota and elevated hypoxanthine. Phenotypic study and multi-omics analysis in the Rax-CreERT2::BrafV600E/+::PtenFlox/+ mouse model validated potential involvement of increased Clostridium and dysregulated purine metabolism in hypothalamic comorbidities. To further consolidate this, intervention experiments are performed and it is found that hypoxanthine co-variated with the severity of hypothalamic comorbidities and abundance of Clostridium, and induced dysregulated purine metabolism along with redox imbalance in target organs (liver and brain cortex). Overall, the study demonstrated the potential of increased Clostridium and up-regulated purine metabolism as signatures of CP-associated hypothalamic-comorbidities, and unveiled that elevated Clostridium, dysregulated purine metabolism, and redox imbalance may mediate the development and progression of CP-associated hypothalamic-comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zhen Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zhan Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Institute of Gut Microbiota Research and Engineering Development, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Zhao Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yifei Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Weiliang Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Sichen Guo
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Vladimir Melnikov
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Chenxing Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Chengzhang Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zerui Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zhengyuan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yihua Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Qilin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zengyi Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Nidan Qiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xuefei Shou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiaoyun Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Min He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yongfei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Hongying Ye
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zhaoyun Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Renyuan Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yichao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, 200040, China
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6
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Caspani G, Ruffell SGD, Tsang W, Netzband N, Rohani-Shukla C, Swann JR, Jefferies WA. Mind over matter: the microbial mindscapes of psychedelics and the gut-brain axis. Pharmacol Res 2024; 207:107338. [PMID: 39111558 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Psychedelics have emerged as promising therapeutics for several psychiatric disorders. Hypotheses around their mechanisms have revolved around their partial agonism at the serotonin 2 A receptor, leading to enhanced neuroplasticity and brain connectivity changes that underlie positive mindset shifts. However, these accounts fail to recognise that the gut microbiota, acting via the gut-brain axis, may also have a role in mediating the positive effects of psychedelics on behaviour. In this review, we present existing evidence that the composition of the gut microbiota may be responsive to psychedelic drugs, and in turn, that the effect of psychedelics could be modulated by microbial metabolism. We discuss various alternative mechanistic models and emphasize the importance of incorporating hypotheses that address the contributions of the microbiome in future research. Awareness of the microbial contribution to psychedelic action has the potential to significantly shape clinical practice, for example, by allowing personalised psychedelic therapies based on the heterogeneity of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Caspani
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, East Mall, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Gordon & Leslie Diamond Health Care Centre, Level 6, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada.
| | - Simon G D Ruffell
- Psychae Institute, Melbourne, Australia; School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie St, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - WaiFung Tsang
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King'sCollege London, Department of Psychology, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Nigel Netzband
- University of West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Cyrus Rohani-Shukla
- Centre for Psychedelic Research, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Rd, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Jonathan R Swann
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, 12 University Rd, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Wilfred A Jefferies
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, East Mall, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Gordon & Leslie Diamond Health Care Centre, Level 6, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada.
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Lapauw L, Rutten A, Dupont J, Amini N, Vercauteren L, Derrien M, Raes J, Gielen E. Associations between gut microbiota and sarcopenia or its defining parameters in older adults: A systematic review. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024. [PMID: 39192550 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Altered gut microbiota (GM) potentially contribute to development or worsening of sarcopenia through a gut-muscle axis. This systematic review aims to compare GM between persons with sarcopenia or low sarcopenia-defining parameters (muscle mass, strength, and physical performance) to those with preserved muscle status, as well as to clarify possible associations between sarcopenia (-defining parameters) and relative abundance (RA) of GM-taxa or GM-(α- or β) diversity indices, in order to clarify whether there is robust evidence of the existence of a GM signature for sarcopenia. This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA-reporting guideline and pre-registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021259597). PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane library were searched until 20 July 2023. Included studies reported on GM and sarcopenia or its defining parameters. Observational studies were included with populations of mean age ≥50 years. Thirty-two studies totalling 10 781 persons (58.56% ♀) were included. Thirteen studies defined sarcopenia as a construct. Nineteen studies reported at least one sarcopenia-defining parameter (muscle mass, strength or physical performance). Studies found different GM-taxa at multiple levels to be significantly associated with sarcopenia (n = 4/6), muscle mass (n = 13/14), strength (n = 7/9), and physical performance (n = 3/3); however, directions of associations were heterogeneous and also conflicting for specific GM-taxa. Regarding β-diversity, studies found GM of persons with sarcopenia, low muscle mass, or low strength to cluster differently compared with persons with preserved muscle status. α-diversity was low in persons with sarcopenia or low muscle mass as compared with those with preserved muscle status, indicating low richness and diversity. In line with this, α-diversity was significantly and positively associated with muscle mass (n = 3/4) and muscle strength (n = 2/3). All reported results were significant (P < 0.05). Persons with sarcopenia and low muscle parameters have less rich and diverse GM and can be separated from persons with preserved muscle mass and function based on GM-composition. Sarcopenia and low muscle parameters are also associated with different GM-taxa at multiple levels, but results were heterogeneous and no causal conclusions could be made due to the cross-sectional design of the studies. This emphasizes the need for uniformly designed cross-sectional and longitudinal trials with appropriate GM confounder control in large samples of persons with sarcopenia and clearly defined core outcome sets in order to further explore changes in GM-taxa and to determine a sarcopenia-specific GM-signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Lapauw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Division of Gerontology and Geriatrics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aurélie Rutten
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Zuyderland Medisch Centrum, Sittard, The Netherlands
| | - Jolan Dupont
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Division of Gerontology and Geriatrics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nadjia Amini
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Division of Gerontology and Geriatrics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura Vercauteren
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Division of Gerontology and Geriatrics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Muriel Derrien
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Raes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evelien Gielen
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Division of Gerontology and Geriatrics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Zuyderland Medisch Centrum, Sittard, The Netherlands
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8
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Qiu H, Shi M, Zhong Z, Hu H, Sang H, Zhou M, Feng Z. Causal Relationship between Aging and Anorexia Nervosa: A White-Matter-Microstructure-Mediated Mendelian Randomization Analysis. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1874. [PMID: 39200338 PMCID: PMC11351342 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This study employed a two-step Mendelian randomization analysis to explore the causal relationship between telomere length, as a marker of aging, and anorexia nervosa and to evaluate the mediating role of changes in the white matter microstructure across different brain regions. We selected genetic variants associated with 675 diffusion magnetic resonance imaging phenotypes representing changes in brain white matter. F-statistics confirmed the validity of the instruments, ensuring robust causal inference. Sensitivity analyses, including heterogeneity tests, horizontal pleiotropy tests, and leave-one-out tests, validated the results. The results show that telomere length is significantly negatively correlated with anorexia nervosa in a unidirectional manner (p = 0.017). Additionally, changes in specific white matter structures, such as the internal capsule, corona radiata, posterior thalamic radiation, left cingulate gyrus, left longitudinal fasciculus, and left forceps minor (p < 0.05), were identified as mediators. These findings enhance our understanding of the neural mechanisms, underlying the exacerbation of anorexia nervosa with aging; emphasize the role of brain functional networks in disease progression; and provide potential biological targets for future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyuan Qiu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (H.Q.); (M.S.); (Z.Z.); (H.H.)
| | - Miao Shi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (H.Q.); (M.S.); (Z.Z.); (H.H.)
| | - Zicheng Zhong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (H.Q.); (M.S.); (Z.Z.); (H.H.)
| | - Haoran Hu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (H.Q.); (M.S.); (Z.Z.); (H.H.)
| | - Hunini Sang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;
| | - Meijuan Zhou
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhijun Feng
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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9
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Hammer AJ, Gaulke CA, Garcia-Jaramillo M, Leong C, Morre J, Sieler MJ, Stevens JF, Jiang Y, Maier CS, Kent ML, Sharpton TJ. Gut microbiota metabolically mediate intestinal helminth infection in Zebrafish. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.26.605207. [PMID: 39091873 PMCID: PMC11291147 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.26.605207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal helminth parasite (IHP) infection induces alterations in the composition of microbial communities across vertebrates, although how gut microbiota may facilitate or hinder parasite infection remains poorly defined. In this work we utilized a zebrafish model to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota, gut metabolites, and IHP infection. We found that extreme disparity in zebrafish parasite infection burden is linked to the composition of the gut microbiome, and that changes in the gut microbiome are associated with variation in a class of endogenously-produced signaling compounds, N-acylethanolamines, that are known to be involved in parasite infection. Using a statistical mediation analysis, we uncovered a set of gut microbes whose relative abundance explains the association between gut metabolites and infection outcomes. Experimental investigation of one of the compounds in this analysis reveals salicylaldehyde, which is putatively produced by the gut microbe Pelomonas, as a potent anthelmintic with activity against Pseudocapillaria tomentosa egg hatching, both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our findings underscore the importance of the gut microbiome as a mediating agent in parasitic infection and highlights specific gut metabolites as tools for the advancement of novel therapeutic interventions against IHP infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chris A. Gaulke
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign
| | | | - Connor Leong
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University
| | | | | | - Jan F. Stevens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University
| | | | | | - Thomas J. Sharpton
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University
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10
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Liow YJ, Kamimura I, Umezaki M, Suda W, Takayasu L. Dietary fiber induces a fat preference associated with the gut microbiota. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305849. [PMID: 38985782 PMCID: PMC11236109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Eating behavior is essential to human health. However, whether future eating behavior is subjected to the conditioning of preceding dietary composition is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary fiber consumption on subsequent nutrient-specific food preferences between palatable high-fat and high-sugar diets and explore its correlation with the gut microbiota. C57BL/6NJcl male mice were subjected to a 2-week dietary intervention and fed either a control (n = 6) or inulin (n = 6) diet. Afterward, all mice were subjected to a 3-day eating behavioral test to self-select from the simultaneously presented high-fat and high-sugar diets. The test diet feed intakes were recorded, and the mice's fecal samples were analyzed to evaluate the gut microbiota composition. The inulin-conditioned mice exhibited a preference for the high-fat diet over the high-sugar diet, associated with distinct gut microbiota composition profiles between the inulin-conditioned and control mice. The gut microbiota Oscillospiraceae sp., Bacteroides acidifaciens, and Clostridiales sp. positively correlated with a preference for fat. Further studies with fecal microbiota transplantation and eating behavior-related neurotransmitter analyses are warranted to establish the causal role of gut microbiota on host food preferences. Food preferences induced by dietary intervention are a novel observation, and the gut microbiome may be associated with this preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jia Liow
- Department of Human Ecology, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo City, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Itsuka Kamimura
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Umezaki
- Department of Human Ecology, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo City, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Wataru Suda
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Lena Takayasu
- Department of Human Ecology, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo City, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
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11
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Singh J, Vanlallawmzuali, Singh A, Biswal S, Zomuansangi R, Lalbiaktluangi C, Singh BP, Singh PK, Vellingiri B, Iyer M, Ram H, Udey B, Yadav MK. Microbiota-brain axis: Exploring the role of gut microbiota in psychiatric disorders - A comprehensive review. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 97:104068. [PMID: 38776563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Mental illness is a hidden epidemic in modern science that has gradually spread worldwide. According to estimates from the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 10% of the world's population suffers from various mental diseases each year. Worldwide, financial and health burdens on society are increasing annually. Therefore, understanding the different factors that can influence mental illness is required to formulate novel and effective treatments and interventions to combat mental illness. Gut microbiota, consisting of diverse microbial communities residing in the gastrointestinal tract, exert profound effects on the central nervous system through the gut-brain axis. The gut-brain axis serves as a conduit for bidirectional communication between the two systems, enabling the gut microbiota to affect emotional and cognitive functions. Dysbiosis, or an imbalance in the gut microbiota, is associated with an increased susceptibility to mental health disorders and psychiatric illnesses. Gut microbiota is one of the most diverse and abundant groups of microbes that have been found to interact with the central nervous system and play important physiological functions in the human gut, thus greatly affecting the development of mental illnesses. The interaction between gut microbiota and mental health-related illnesses is a multifaceted and promising field of study. This review explores the mechanisms by which gut microbiota influences mental health, encompassing the modulation of neurotransmitter production, neuroinflammation, and integrity of the gut barrier. In addition, it emphasizes a thorough understanding of how the gut microbiome affects various psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawahar Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Vanlallawmzuali
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram Central University, Pachhunga University College Campus, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Microbiology Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Suryanarayan Biswal
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Ruth Zomuansangi
- Department of Microbiology Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - C Lalbiaktluangi
- Department of Microbiology Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Bhim Pratap Singh
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences (AES), National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM), Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Pachhunga University College Campus, Mizoram University (A Central University), Aizawl 796001, Mizoram, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab (CUPB), Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Mahalaxmi Iyer
- Department of Microbiology Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Heera Ram
- Department of Zoology, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342001, India
| | - Bharat Udey
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Microbiology Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India.
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12
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Zhou X, Ganz AB, Rayner A, Cheng TY, Oba H, Rolnik B, Lancaster S, Lu X, Li Y, Johnson JS, Hoyd R, Spakowicz DJ, Slavich GM, Snyder MP. Dynamic Human Gut Microbiome and Immune Shifts During an Immersive Psychosocial Therapeutic Program. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.26.600881. [PMID: 38979211 PMCID: PMC11230355 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.26.600881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Background Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide yet its underlying factors, particularly microbial associations, are poorly understood. Methods We examined the longitudinal interplay between the microbiome and immune system in the context of depression during an immersive psychosocial intervention. 142 multi-omics samples were collected from 52 well-characterized participants before, during, and three months after a nine-day inquiry-based stress reduction program. Results We found that depression was associated with both an increased presence of putatively pathogenic bacteria and reduced microbial beta-diversity. Following the intervention, we observed reductions in neuroinflammatory cytokines and improvements in several mental health indicators. Interestingly, participants with a Prevotella-dominant microbiome showed milder symptoms when depressed, along with a more resilient microbiome and more favorable inflammatory cytokine profile, including reduced levels of CXCL-1. Conclusions Our findings reveal a protective link between the Prevotella-dominant microbiome and depression, associated with a less inflammatory environment and moderated symptoms. These insights, coupled with observed improvements in neuroinflammatory markers and mental health from the intervention, highlight potential avenues for microbiome-targeted therapies in depression management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
- Stanford Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Stanford university School of Medicine, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally to the work
| | - Ariel B. Ganz
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
- Stanford Healthcare Innovation Lab, Stanford University, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally to the work
| | - Andre Rayner
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Tess Yan Cheng
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Washington, WA, USA
| | - Haley Oba
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Rolnik
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
- Stanford Healthcare Innovation Lab, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Samuel Lancaster
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Xinrui Lu
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Yizhou Li
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Jethro S. Johnson
- Oxford Centre for Microbiome Studies, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rebecca Hoyd
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, OH, USA
| | | | - George M. Slavich
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael P. Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
- Stanford Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Stanford university School of Medicine, CA, USA
- Stanford Healthcare Innovation Lab, Stanford University, CA, USA
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13
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Kooij KL, Andreani NA, van der Gun LL, Keller L, Trinh S, van der Vijgh B, Luijendijk M, Dempfle A, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Seitz J, van Elburg A, Danner UN, Baines J, Adan RAH. Fecal microbiota transplantation of patients with anorexia nervosa did not alter flexible behavior in rats. Int J Eat Disord 2024. [PMID: 38934721 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) are often anxious, display inflexible behavior and disrupted reward processing. Emerging evidence suggests that gut dysbiosis in patients contributes to the disease phenotype and progression. METHODS In a preclinical study, we explored whether AN-derived microbiota impacts cognitive flexibility, anxiety, and dopamine signaling using fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in tyrosine hydroxylase-cre rats. We performed probabilistic reversal learning task (PRLT) at the baseline, after antibiotic treatment, and following FMT from patients with AN and controls. We assessed flexible behavior, task engagement, and ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine signaling during and in the absence of reward. Furthermore, anxiety-like behavior was evaluated with open field (OF) and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests. RESULTS Neither antibiotic-induced dysbiosis nor AN FMT led to significant alterations in the number of reversals or lever press strategies after reinforced or nonreinforced lever presses (win and lose-stay) in the PRLT. However, the number of initiated trials decreased after antibiotic treatment while remaining unchanged after FMT. No significant differences were observed in VTA dopamine activity, anxiety measures in the OF and EPM tests. Microbiome analysis revealed limited overlap between the microbiota of the donors and recipients. DISCUSSION No evidence was found that the microbiota of patients compared to controls, nor a depleted microbiome impacts cognitive flexibility. Nonetheless, antibiotic-induced dysbiosis resulted in reduced task engagement during the PRLT. The relatively low efficiency of the FMT is a limitation of our study and highlights the need for improved protocols to draw robust conclusions in future studies. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE While our study did not reveal direct impacts of AN-associated gut microbiota on cognitive flexibility or anxiety behaviors in our preclinical model, we observed a decrease in task engagement after antibiotic-induced dysbiosis, underscoring that the presence of a gut microbiome matters. Our findings underscore the need for further refinement in FMT protocols to better elucidate the complex interplay between gut microbiota and behaviors characteristic of anorexia nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn L Kooij
- UMC Brain Center, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Nadia Andrea Andreani
- Section Evolutionary Medicine, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
- Section Evolutionary Medicine, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Luna L van der Gun
- UMC Brain Center, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lara Keller
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Trinh
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Mieneke Luijendijk
- UMC Brain Center, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid Dempfle
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Jochen Seitz
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LVR University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Annemarie van Elburg
- Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld, Zeist, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Unna N Danner
- Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - John Baines
- Section Evolutionary Medicine, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
- Section Evolutionary Medicine, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Roger A H Adan
- UMC Brain Center, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld, Zeist, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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14
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Kayongo A, Ntayi ML, Olweny G, Kyalo E, Ndawula J, Ssengooba W, Kigozi E, Kalyesubula R, Munana R, Namaganda J, Caroline M, Sekibira R, Bagaya BS, Kateete DP, Joloba ML, Jjingo D, Sande OJ, Mayanja-Kizza H. Airway microbiome signature accurately discriminates Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection status. iScience 2024; 27:110142. [PMID: 38904070 PMCID: PMC11187240 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains one of the deadliest infectious agents globally. Amidst efforts to control TB, long treatment duration, drug toxicity, and resistance underscore the need for novel therapeutic strategies. Despite advances in understanding the interplay between microbiome and disease in humans, the specific role of the microbiome in predicting disease susceptibility and discriminating infection status in tuberculosis still needs to be fully investigated. We investigated the impact of M.tb infection and M.tb-specific IFNγ immune responses on airway microbiome diversity by performing TB GeneXpert and QuantiFERON-GOLD assays during the follow-up phase of a longitudinal HIV-Lung Microbiome cohort of individuals recruited from two large independent cohorts in rural Uganda. M.tb rather than IFNγ immune response mainly drove a significant reduction in airway microbiome diversity. A microbiome signature comprising Streptococcus, Neisseria, Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Schaalia, Actinomyces, Cutibacterium, Brevibacillus, Microbacterium, and Beijerinckiacea accurately discriminated active TB from Latent TB and M.tb-uninfected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Kayongo
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala 256, Uganda
- Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala 256, Uganda
| | - Moses Levi Ntayi
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala 256, Uganda
- Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala 256, Uganda
| | - Geoffrey Olweny
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala 256, Uganda
| | - Edward Kyalo
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala 256, Uganda
- Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala 256, Uganda
| | - Josephine Ndawula
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala 256, Uganda
- Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala 256, Uganda
| | - Willy Ssengooba
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala 256, Uganda
- Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala 256, Uganda
| | - Edgar Kigozi
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala 256, Uganda
| | - Robert Kalyesubula
- Department of Research, African Community Center for Social Sustainability (ACCESS), Nakaseke 256, Uganda
- Department of Medicine, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala 256, Uganda
| | - Richard Munana
- Department of Research, African Community Center for Social Sustainability (ACCESS), Nakaseke 256, Uganda
| | - Jesca Namaganda
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala 256, Uganda
- Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala 256, Uganda
| | - Musiime Caroline
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala 256, Uganda
| | - Rogers Sekibira
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala 256, Uganda
| | - Bernard Sentalo Bagaya
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala 256, Uganda
| | - David Patrick Kateete
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala 256, Uganda
| | - Moses Lutaakome Joloba
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala 256, Uganda
| | - Daudi Jjingo
- College of Computing and Information Sciences, Computer Science, Makerere University, Kampala 256, Uganda
- African Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Data Science, Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala 256, Uganda
| | - Obondo James Sande
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala 256, Uganda
| | - Harriet Mayanja-Kizza
- Department of Medicine, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala 256, Uganda
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15
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He Q, Zhang T, Zhang W, Feng C, Kwok LY, Zhang H, Sun Z. Administering Lactiplantibacillus fermentum F6 decreases intestinal Akkermansia muciniphila in a dextran sulfate sodium-induced rat colitis model. Food Funct 2024; 15:5882-5894. [PMID: 38727176 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00462k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Probiotics are increasingly used to manage gut dysbiosis-related conditions due to their robust ability to manipulate the gut microbial community. However, few studies have reported that probiotics can specifically modulate individual gut microbes. This study demonstrated that administering the probiotic, Lactiplantibacillus fermentum F6, could ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in a rat model, evidenced by the decreases in the disease activity index score, histopathology grading, and serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, as well as the increase in the serum anti-inflammatory cytokine levels. Shotgun metagenomics revealed that the fecal metagenomic of colitis rats receiving the probiotic intervention contained substantially fewer Akkermansia muciniphila than the dextran sulfate sodium group. Thus, the probiotic mechanism might be exerted by reducing specific gut microbial species associated with disease pathogenesis. A new paradigm for designing probiotics that manage diseases through direct and precise manipulation of gut microbes has been provided through this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuwen He
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China.
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Collaborative Innovative Center for Lactic Acid Bacteria and Fermented Dairy Products, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China.
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Collaborative Innovative Center for Lactic Acid Bacteria and Fermented Dairy Products, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Weiqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China.
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Collaborative Innovative Center for Lactic Acid Bacteria and Fermented Dairy Products, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Cuijiao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China.
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Collaborative Innovative Center for Lactic Acid Bacteria and Fermented Dairy Products, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Lai-Yu Kwok
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China.
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Collaborative Innovative Center for Lactic Acid Bacteria and Fermented Dairy Products, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China.
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Collaborative Innovative Center for Lactic Acid Bacteria and Fermented Dairy Products, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China.
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Collaborative Innovative Center for Lactic Acid Bacteria and Fermented Dairy Products, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
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16
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Käver L, Voelz C, Specht HE, Thelen AC, Keller L, Dahmen B, Andreani NA, Tenbrock K, Biemann R, Borucki K, Dempfle A, Baines JF, Beyer C, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Trinh S, Seitz J. Cytokine and Microbiome Changes in Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa at Admission, Discharge, and One-Year Follow-Up. Nutrients 2024; 16:1596. [PMID: 38892530 PMCID: PMC11174589 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe eating disorder that predominantly affects females and typically manifests during adolescence. There is increasing evidence that serum cytokine levels are altered in individuals with AN. Previous research has largely focused on adult patients, assuming a low-grade pro-inflammatory state. The serum levels of the cytokine tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-15, which are pro-inflammatory, were examined in 63 female adolescents with AN and 41 age-matched healthy controls (HC). We included three time points (admission, discharge, and 1-year follow-up) and investigated the clinical data to assess whether the gut microbiota was associated with cytokine alterations. Relative to the HC group, serum levels of IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly lower during the acute phase (admission) of AN. IL-1β expression was normalised to control levels after weight recovery. TNF-α levels were not significantly different between the AN and HC groups. IL-15 levels were significantly elevated in patients with AN at all time points. We found associations between cytokines and bodyweight, illness duration, depressive symptoms, and the microbiome. In contrast to most findings for adults, we observed lower levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 in adolescent patients, whereas the level of IL-15 was consistently increased. Thus, the presence of inflammatory dysregulation suggests a varied rather than uniform pro-inflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Käver
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- West German Center for Child and Adolescent Health (WZKJ), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Clara Voelz
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- West German Center for Child and Adolescent Health (WZKJ), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hannah E. Specht
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Neuenhofer Weg 21, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anna C. Thelen
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lara Keller
- West German Center for Child and Adolescent Health (WZKJ), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Neuenhofer Weg 21, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LVR University Hospital Essen, Virchowstrasse 174, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Brigitte Dahmen
- West German Center for Child and Adolescent Health (WZKJ), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Neuenhofer Weg 21, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nadia Andrea Andreani
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Str. 2, 24306 Plön, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Klaus Tenbrock
- West German Center for Child and Adolescent Health (WZKJ), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, Inselspital University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ronald Biemann
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Paul-List-Straße 13/15, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katrin Borucki
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Dempfle
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Brunswicker Str. 10, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - John F. Baines
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Str. 2, 24306 Plön, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Cordian Beyer
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann
- West German Center for Child and Adolescent Health (WZKJ), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Neuenhofer Weg 21, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Trinh
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- West German Center for Child and Adolescent Health (WZKJ), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jochen Seitz
- West German Center for Child and Adolescent Health (WZKJ), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Neuenhofer Weg 21, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LVR University Hospital Essen, Virchowstrasse 174, 45147 Essen, Germany
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17
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Yu Z, Guo M, Yu B, Wang Y, Yan Z, Gao R. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: a Mendelian randomization study of gut microbiota. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1396932. [PMID: 38784806 PMCID: PMC11111991 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1396932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) poses a significant challenge to global public health. Despite extensive research, conclusive evidence regarding the association between gut microbes and the risk of AN and BN remains elusive. Mendelian randomization (MR) methods offer a promising avenue for elucidating potential causal relationships. Materials and methods Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) datasets of AN and BN were retrieved from the OpenGWAS database for analysis. Independent single nucleotide polymorphisms closely associated with 196 gut bacterial taxa from the MiBioGen consortium were identified as instrumental variables. MR analysis was conducted utilizing R software, with outlier exclusion performed using the MR-PRESSO method. Causal effect estimation was undertaken employing four methods, including Inverse variance weighted. Sensitivity analysis, heterogeneity analysis, horizontal multivariate analysis, and assessment of causal directionality were carried out to assess the robustness of the findings. Results A total of 196 bacterial taxa spanning six taxonomic levels were subjected to analysis. Nine taxa demonstrating potential causal relationships with AN were identified. Among these, five taxa, including Peptostreptococcaceae, were implicated as exerting a causal effect on AN risk, while four taxa, including Gammaproteobacteria, were associated with a reduced risk of AN. Similarly, nine taxa exhibiting potential causal relationships with BN were identified. Of these, six taxa, including Clostridiales, were identified as risk factors for increased BN risk, while three taxa, including Oxalobacteraceae, were deemed protective factors. Lachnospiraceae emerged as a common influence on both AN and BN, albeit with opposing effects. No evidence of heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy was detected for significant estimates. Conclusion Through MR analysis, we revealed the potential causal role of 18 intestinal bacterial taxa in AN and BN, including Lachnospiraceae. It provides new insights into the mechanistic basis and intervention targets of gut microbiota-mediated AN and BN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongliang Yu
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Manping Guo
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Postdoctoral Research Station, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Postdoctoral Works Station, Yabao Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Yuncheng, China
| | - Binyang Yu
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zian Yan
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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18
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Ramsay S, Allison K, Temples HS, Boccuto L, Sarasua SM. Inclusion of the severe and enduring anorexia nervosa phenotype in genetics research: a scoping review. J Eat Disord 2024; 12:53. [PMID: 38685102 PMCID: PMC11059621 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-024-01009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anorexia nervosa has one of the highest mortality rates of all mental illnesses. For those who survive, less than 70% fully recover, with many going on to develop a more severe and enduring phenotype. Research now suggests that genetics plays a role in the development and persistence of anorexia nervosa. Inclusion of participants with more severe and enduring illness in genetics studies of anorexia nervosa is critical. OBJECTIVE The primary goal of this review was to assess the inclusion of participants meeting the criteria for the severe enduring anorexia nervosa phenotype in genetics research by (1) identifying the most widely used defining criteria for severe enduring anorexia nervosa and (2) performing a review of the genetics literature to assess the inclusion of participants meeting the identified criteria. METHODS Searches of the genetics literature from 2012 to 2023 were performed in the PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases. Publications were selected per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The criteria used to define the severe and enduring anorexia nervosa phenotype were derived by how often they were used in the literature since 2017. The publications identified through the literature search were then assessed for inclusion of participants meeting these criteria. RESULTS most prevalent criteria used to define severe enduring anorexia nervosa in the literature were an illness duration of ≥ 7 years, lack of positive response to at least two previous evidence-based treatments, a body mass index meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 for extreme anorexia nervosa, and an assessment of psychological and/or behavioral severity indicating a significant impact on quality of life. There was a lack of consistent identification and inclusion of those meeting the criteria for severe enduring anorexia nervosa in the genetics literature. DISCUSSION This lack of consistent identification and inclusion of patients with severe enduring anorexia nervosa in genetics research has the potential to hamper the isolation of risk loci and the development of new, more effective treatment options for patients with anorexia nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ramsay
- Healthcare Genetics and Genomics Program, School of Nursing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
| | - Kendra Allison
- School of Nursing, Clemson University , Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Heide S Temples
- School of Nursing, Clemson University , Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Luigi Boccuto
- Healthcare Genetics and Genomics Program, School of Nursing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Sara M Sarasua
- Healthcare Genetics and Genomics Program, School of Nursing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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19
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Facchin S, Bertin L, Bonazzi E, Lorenzon G, De Barba C, Barberio B, Zingone F, Maniero D, Scarpa M, Ruffolo C, Angriman I, Savarino EV. Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Human Health: From Metabolic Pathways to Current Therapeutic Implications. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:559. [PMID: 38792581 PMCID: PMC11122327 DOI: 10.3390/life14050559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is home to trillions of diverse microorganisms collectively known as the gut microbiota, which play a pivotal role in breaking down undigested foods, such as dietary fibers. Through the fermentation of these food components, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate are produced, offering numerous health benefits to the host. The production and absorption of these SCFAs occur through various mechanisms within the human intestine, contingent upon the types of dietary fibers reaching the gut and the specific microorganisms engaged in fermentation. Medical literature extensively documents the supplementation of SCFAs, particularly butyrate, in the treatment of gastrointestinal, metabolic, cardiovascular, and gut-brain-related disorders. This review seeks to provide an overview of the dynamics involved in the production and absorption of acetate, propionate, and butyrate within the human gut. Additionally, it will focus on the pivotal roles these SCFAs play in promoting gastrointestinal and metabolic health, as well as their current therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Facchin
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy (L.B.); (B.B.)
| | - Luisa Bertin
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy (L.B.); (B.B.)
| | - Erica Bonazzi
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy (L.B.); (B.B.)
| | - Greta Lorenzon
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy (L.B.); (B.B.)
| | - Caterina De Barba
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy (L.B.); (B.B.)
| | - Brigida Barberio
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy (L.B.); (B.B.)
| | - Fabiana Zingone
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy (L.B.); (B.B.)
| | - Daria Maniero
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy (L.B.); (B.B.)
| | - Marco Scarpa
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35138 Padua, Italy (C.R.); (I.A.)
| | - Cesare Ruffolo
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35138 Padua, Italy (C.R.); (I.A.)
| | - Imerio Angriman
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35138 Padua, Italy (C.R.); (I.A.)
| | - Edoardo Vincenzo Savarino
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy (L.B.); (B.B.)
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20
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Roubalová R, Procházková P, Kovářová T, Ježková J, Hrnčíř T, Tlaskalová-Hogenová H, Papežová H. Influence of the gut microbiome on appetite-regulating neuropeptides in the hypothalamus: Insight from conventional, antibiotic-treated, and germ-free mouse models of anorexia nervosa. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 193:106460. [PMID: 38432539 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent research highlights the profound impact of the gut microbiome on neuropsychiatric disorders, shedding light on its potential role in shaping human behavior. In this study, we investigate the role of the gut microbiome in appetite regulation using activity-based anorexia (ABA) mouse model of anorexia nervosa (AN) - a severe eating disorder with significant health consequences. ABA was induced in conventional, antibiotic-treated, and germ-free mice. Our results show the clear influence of the gut microbiome on the expression of four orexigenic (neuropeptide Y, agouti-related peptide, melanin-concentrating hormone, and orexin) and four anorexigenic peptides (cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript, corticotropin-releasing hormone, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, and pro-opiomelanocortin) in the hypothalamus. Additionally, we assessed alterations in gut barrier permeability. While variations were noted in germ-free mice based on feeding and activity, they were not directly attributable to the gut microbiome. This research emphasizes that the gut microbiome is a pivotal factor in AN's appetite regulation beyond just dietary habits or physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Roubalová
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Petra Procházková
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Kovářová
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Janet Ježková
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Hrnčíř
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Tlaskalová-Hogenová
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Papežová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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21
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Xu J, Carroll IM, Huckins LM. Eating disorders: are gut microbiota to blame? Trends Mol Med 2024; 30:317-320. [PMID: 38040602 PMCID: PMC11009075 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota could be involved in weight regulation and impact brain function via the gut-brain axis. Moreover, gut microbiota may impact the development of eating disorders (EDs) since they are characterized by weight-related concerns and symptoms and may represent a therapeutic target if future research can establish a causal link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Ian M Carroll
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Laura M Huckins
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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22
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Himmerich H, Treasure J. Anorexia nervosa: diagnostic, therapeutic, and risk biomarkers in clinical practice. Trends Mol Med 2024; 30:350-360. [PMID: 38331700 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
In anorexia nervosa (AN), measurable biological parameters can inform the process of treating patients. Such biomarkers include established laboratory parameters as well as a range of potential future biomarkers, including genetic, metabolomic, microbiomic, endocrine, immunological, hematological, electrophysiological, and neuroimaging parameters. In this opinion article we discuss how these biomarkers can support diagnosic and therapeutic processes at specific steps during the AN treatment cycle, that is, the diagnosis, diagnostic specification, risk management, choice of therapy, therapy monitoring, and treatment review. History-taking, physical and neuropsychological examination, clinical observation, and judgment about treatment success by the patient, their carers, and members of the multidisciplinary team are essential to interpret laboratory and imaging data appropriately and to assess the full clinical picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubertus Himmerich
- Centre for Research in Eating and Weight Disorders (CREW), Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Janet Treasure
- Centre for Research in Eating and Weight Disorders (CREW), Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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23
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Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Dahmen B, Zielinski-Gussen IM, Seitz J. [New aspects in etiology and treatment of adolescent anorexia nervosa-a postulated bio-psycho-social model and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2024; 67:400-408. [PMID: 38498187 PMCID: PMC10995062 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-024-03856-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa is one of the most frequent chronic disorders of adolescence associated with a high mortality. During the COVID-19-pandemic, the number of hospitalized children and adolescents with anorexia nervosa significantly increased. This article outlines new research findings to decode the etiology of this serious disorder, especially a genetic disposition and changes of metabolism. Against the background of increasing rates during the COVID-19 pandemic, the importance of the gene-environment interaction is discussed, and new treatment forms are described. Besides the development of new biological treatment strategies, there is also some important progress in psychotherapeutic interventions. Carers should always be integrated when treating children and adolescents with anorexia nervosa, which is especially emphasized in the new "home treatment" setting. The new concept of anorexia nervosa as a metabo-psychiatric disorder gives us hope for new research ideas and treatment strategies in this often-debilitating disorder of childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters der RWTH Aachen, Neuenhofer Weg 21, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland.
| | - Brigitte Dahmen
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters der RWTH Aachen, Neuenhofer Weg 21, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland
| | - Ingar M Zielinski-Gussen
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters der RWTH Aachen, Neuenhofer Weg 21, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland
| | - Jochen Seitz
- Klinik f. Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, LVR-Klinikum Essen, 45147, Essen, Deutschland
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24
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Awe T, Fasawe A, Sawe C, Ogunware A, Jamiu AT, Allen M. The modulatory role of gut microbiota on host behavior: exploring the interaction between the brain-gut axis and the neuroendocrine system. AIMS Neurosci 2024; 11:49-62. [PMID: 38617041 PMCID: PMC11007408 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2024004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The brain-gut axis refers to the communication between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract, with the gut microbiome playing a crucial role. While our understanding of the interaction between the gut microbiome and the host's physiology is still in its nascent stage, evidence suggests that the gut microbiota can indeed modulate host behavior. Understanding the specific mechanisms by which the gut microbiota community modulates the host's behavior remains the focus of present and future neuro-gastroenterology studies. This paper reviews several pieces of evidence from the literature on the impact of gut microbiota on host behavior across animal taxa. We explore the different pathways through which this modulation occurs, with the aim of deepening our understanding of the fascinating relationship between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temitope Awe
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, USA
| | - Ayoola Fasawe
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, USA
| | - Caleb Sawe
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, USA
| | - Adedayo Ogunware
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Michael Allen
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
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25
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Gibson D, Mehler PS. A new conceptual model for anorexia nervosa: A role for connective tissue? Int J Eat Disord 2024; 57:537-542. [PMID: 38372082 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The etiology of anorexia nervosa (AN) remains to be fully elucidated, and current theories also fail to account for the direct effect of starvation on the health of the organs and tissues, specifically the connective tissue present in most organs of the body. Individuals with hereditary disorders of connective tissue manifest with clinical symptoms that overlap with AN, as the abnormal connective tissue also contributes to many of the other extra-articular manifestations of these hereditary disorders. This article hypothesizes that a similar pathophysiology may also contribute to the clinical presentation of AN. Therefore, a better understanding is needed to elucidate: (1) the relationship between abnormal connective tissue and AN, (2) the impact of starvation toward the development of abnormal connective tissue and how this manifests clinically, (3) the etiology of autonomic nervous system changes contributing to the dysautonomia in AN, and (4) how the sensory signals sent from potentially abnormal connective tissue to the central nervous system impact interoception in AN. A conceptual model incorporating abnormal connective tissue is provided. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE: The etiology of AN remains poorly understood and current theories fail to account for the direct impact of starvation on the health of the organs and tissues of the body. There is significant clinical overlap between AN and hereditary connective tissue disorders. This paper attempts to provide a new conceptual model for AN in which abnormal connective tissue contributes to the underlying pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Gibson
- ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders and Severe Malnutrition at Denver Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Philip S Mehler
- ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders and Severe Malnutrition at Denver Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Eating Recovery Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
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26
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Samodova D, Hoel A, Hansen TH, Clausen L, Telléus GK, Marti HP, Pedersen O, Støving RK, Deshmukh AS. Plasma proteome profiling reveals metabolic and immunologic differences between Anorexia Nervosa subtypes. Metabolism 2024; 152:155760. [PMID: 38104923 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric disorder of an unknown etiology with a crude mortality rate of about 5 % per decade, making it one of the deadliest of all psychiatric illnesses. AN is broadly classified into two main subtypes, restricting and binge/purging disorder. Despite extensive research efforts during several decades, the underlying pathophysiology of AN remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to identify novel protein biomarkers for AN by performing a proteomics analysis of fasting plasma samples from 78 females with AN (57 restrictive and 21 binge/purge type) and 70 healthy controls. METHODS Using state-of-the-art mass spectrometry-based proteomics technology in conjunction with an advanced bioinformatics pipeline, we quantify >500 plasma proteins. RESULTS Differential expression analysis and correlation of proteomics data with clinical variables led to identification of a panel of novel protein biomarkers with potential pathophysiological significance for AN. Our findings demonstrate evidence of a humoral immune system response, altered lipid metabolism and potential alteration of plasma cells in AN patients. Additionally, we stratified AN patients based on the quantified proteins and suggest a potential autoimmune nature in the restrictive subtype of AN. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In summary, on top of biomarkers of AN subtypes, this study provides a comprehensive map of plasma proteins that constitute a resource for further studies of the pathophysiology of AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Samodova
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - August Hoel
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tue Haldor Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Loa Clausen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gry Kjaersdam Telléus
- Unit for Psychiatric Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Communication and Psychology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Hans-Peter Marti
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rene Klinkby Støving
- Center for Eating Disorders and Research Unit for Medical Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Department of Endocrinology and Center for Eating Disorders, Odense University Hospital, J. B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
| | - Atul Shahaji Deshmukh
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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27
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Cheng J, Hu H, Ju Y, Liu J, Wang M, Liu B, Zhang Y. Gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids and depression: deep insight into biological mechanisms and potential applications. Gen Psychiatr 2024; 37:e101374. [PMID: 38390241 PMCID: PMC10882305 DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2023-101374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a complex and dynamic ecosystem known as the 'second brain'. Composing the microbiota-gut-brain axis, the gut microbiota and its metabolites regulate the central nervous system through neural, endocrine and immune pathways to ensure the normal functioning of the organism, tuning individuals' health and disease status. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the main bioactive metabolites of the gut microbiota, are involved in several neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression. SCFAs have essential effects on each component of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in depression. In the present review, the roles of major SCFAs (acetate, propionate and butyrate) in the pathophysiology of depression are summarised with respect to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, neuroinflammation, host epigenome and neuroendocrine alterations. Concluding remarks on the biological mechanisms related to gut microbiota will hopefully address the clinical value of microbiota-related treatments for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhe Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongkun Hu
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yumeng Ju
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mi Wang
- Department of Mental Health Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bangshan Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
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28
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Loh JS, Mak WQ, Tan LKS, Ng CX, Chan HH, Yeow SH, Foo JB, Ong YS, How CW, Khaw KY. Microbiota-gut-brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:37. [PMID: 38360862 PMCID: PMC10869798 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01743-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract is populated with a diverse microbial community. The vast genetic and metabolic potential of the gut microbiome underpins its ubiquity in nearly every aspect of human biology, including health maintenance, development, aging, and disease. The advent of new sequencing technologies and culture-independent methods has allowed researchers to move beyond correlative studies toward mechanistic explorations to shed light on microbiome-host interactions. Evidence has unveiled the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system, referred to as the "microbiota-gut-brain axis". The microbiota-gut-brain axis represents an important regulator of glial functions, making it an actionable target to ameliorate the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases. As the gut microbiome provides essential cues to microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, we examine the communications between gut microbiota and these glial cells during healthy states and neurodegenerative diseases. Subsequently, we discuss the mechanisms of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases using a metabolite-centric approach, while also examining the role of gut microbiota-related neurotransmitters and gut hormones. Next, we examine the potential of targeting the intestinal barrier, blood-brain barrier, meninges, and peripheral immune system to counteract glial dysfunction in neurodegeneration. Finally, we conclude by assessing the pre-clinical and clinical evidence of probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation in neurodegenerative diseases. A thorough comprehension of the microbiota-gut-brain axis will foster the development of effective therapeutic interventions for the management of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sheng Loh
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wen Qi Mak
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Li Kar Stella Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Digital Health & Medical Advancements, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chu Xin Ng
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hong Hao Chan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shiau Hueh Yeow
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Jhi Biau Foo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Digital Health & Medical Advancements, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yong Sze Ong
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chee Wun How
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Kooi Yeong Khaw
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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29
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Delanote J, Correa Rojo A, Wells PM, Steves CJ, Ertaylan G. Systematic identification of the role of gut microbiota in mental disorders: a TwinsUK cohort study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3626. [PMID: 38351227 PMCID: PMC10864280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53929-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Mental disorders are complex disorders influenced by multiple genetic, environmental, and biological factors. Specific microbiota imbalances seem to affect mental health status. However, the mechanisms by which microbiota disturbances impact the presence of depression, stress, anxiety, and eating disorders remain poorly understood. Currently, there are no robust biomarkers identified. We proposed a novel pyramid-layer design to accurately identify microbial/metabolomic signatures underlying mental disorders in the TwinsUK registry. Monozygotic and dizygotic twins discordant for mental disorders were screened, in a pairwise manner, for differentially abundant bacterial genera and circulating metabolites. In addition, multivariate analyses were performed, accounting for individual-level confounders. Our pyramid-layer study design allowed us to overcome the limitations of cross-sectional study designs with significant confounder effects and resulted in an association of the abundance of genus Parabacteroides with the diagnosis of mental disorders. Future research should explore the potential role of Parabacteroides as a mediator of mental health status. Our results indicate the potential role of the microbiome as a modifier in mental disorders that might contribute to the development of novel methodologies to assess personal risk and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Delanote
- Sustainable Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Alejandro Correa Rojo
- Sustainable Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
- Data Science Institute, Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics (I-BioStat), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Philippa M Wells
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, 3-4th Floor South Wing Block D, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Claire J Steves
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, 3-4th Floor South Wing Block D, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
- Department of Ageing and Health, St Thomas' Hospital, 9th floor, North Wing, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Gökhan Ertaylan
- Sustainable Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium.
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30
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Zhao W, Kodancha P, Das S. Gut Microbiome Changes in Anorexia Nervosa: A Comprehensive Review. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2024; 31:68-88. [PMID: 38390943 PMCID: PMC10885100 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology31010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) remains a challenging condition in psychiatric management and its pathogenesis is not yet fully understood. An imbalance in the gut microbiota composition may contribute to its pathophysiology. This review aims to explore the link between the human gut microbiota and AN (objective 1) or refeeding syndrome in AN (objective 2). The online databases MEDLINE and PsycINFO were searched for relevant studies. A total of 14 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and only answered objective 1. A total of 476 AN patients, 554 healthy-weight (HC) controls, and 0 patients with other psychiatric disorders were included. Compared to HC, there were consistently reduced abundances of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia inulinivorans, and increased Methanobrevibacter smithii, in AN patients. Changes in alpha diversity were inconsistent, while beta diversity increased in four of six studies. Our model suggests that an imbalance in gut microbiota composition leads to reduced short-chain fatty acids, contributing to a proinflammatory state in AN, which is also common in other psychiatric comorbidities. Microbial changes may also contribute to the semistarvation state through endocrine changes and altered energy utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendi Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | | | - Soumitra Das
- Unit of Psychiatry, Western Health, Melbourne 3021, Australia
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Reed F, Foldi CJ. Do the therapeutic effects of psilocybin involve actions in the gut? Trends Pharmacol Sci 2024; 45:107-117. [PMID: 38216431 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The psychedelic compound psilocybin has recently emerged as a therapeutic intervention for various mental health conditions. Psilocybin is a potent agonist of serotonin (5-HT) receptors (5-HTRs), which are expressed in the brain and throughout peripheral tissues, with particularly high expression in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, no studies have investigated the possibility that peripheral actions of psilocybin may contribute to improvements in mental health outcomes. This is despite strong evidence for disturbed gut-brain signalling in conditions in which psilocybin is being tested clinically. In this Opinion, we highlight the likely actions of psychedelics in the gut and provide initial support for the premise that peripheral actions may be involved in rapid and long-term therapeutic effects. A greater understanding of all sites and modes of action will guide more targeted approaches to drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Reed
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, 26 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 23 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Eating Disorders Research & Translation Centre (AEDRTC), Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Claire J Foldi
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, 26 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 23 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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Joyce SA, Clarke DJ. Microbial metabolites as modulators of host physiology. Adv Microb Physiol 2024; 84:83-133. [PMID: 38821635 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is increasingly recognised as a key player in influencing human health and changes in the gut microbiota have been strongly linked with many non-communicable conditions in humans such as type 2 diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease. However, characterising the molecular mechanisms that underpin these associations remains an important challenge for researchers. The gut microbiota is a complex microbial community that acts as a metabolic interface to transform ingested food (and other xenobiotics) into metabolites that are detected in the host faeces, urine and blood. Many of these metabolites are only produced by microbes and there is accumulating evidence to suggest that these microbe-specific metabolites do act as effectors to influence human physiology. For example, the gut microbiota can digest dietary complex polysaccharides (such as fibre) into short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) such as acetate, propionate and butyrate that have a pervasive role in host physiology from nutrition to immune function. In this review we will outline our current understanding of the role of some key microbial metabolites, such as SCFA, indole and bile acids, in human health. Whilst many studies linking microbial metabolites with human health are correlative we will try to highlight examples where genetic evidence is available to support a specific role for a microbial metabolite in host health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Joyce
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - David J Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Salaün C, Courvalet M, Rousseau L, Cailleux K, Breton J, Bôle-Feysot C, Guérin C, Huré M, Goichon A, do Rego JC, Déchelotte P, Ribet D, Achamrah N, Coëffier M. Sex-dependent circadian alterations of both central and peripheral clock genes expression and gut-microbiota composition during activity-based anorexia in mice. Biol Sex Differ 2024; 15:6. [PMID: 38217033 PMCID: PMC10785476 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00576-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) often present sleep disorders and circadian hormonal dysregulation. The role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the regulation of feeding behavior has emerged during the last decades but its relationships with the circadian rhythm remains poorly documented. Thus, we aimed to characterize the circadian clock genes expression in peripheral and central tissues in the activity-based anorexia mouse model (ABA), as well as the dynamics of the gut-microbiota composition. METHODS From day 1 to day 17, male and female C57Bl/6 mice were submitted or not to the ABA protocol (ABA and control (CT) groups), which combines a progressive limited access to food and a free access to a running wheel. At day 17, fasted CT and ABA mice were euthanized after either resting (EoR) or activity (EoA) phase (n = 10-12 per group). Circadian clock genes expression was assessed by RT-qPCR on peripheral (liver, colon and ileum) and central (hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus or SCN) tissues. Cecal bacterial taxa abundances were evaluated by qPCR. Data were compared by two-way ANOVA followed by post-tests. RESULTS ABA mice exhibited a lower food intake, a body weight loss and an increase of diurnal physical activity that differ according with the sex. Interestingly, in the SCN, only ABA female mice exhibited altered circadian clock genes expression (Bmal1, Per1, Per2, Cry1, Cry2). In the intestinal tract, modification of clock genes expression was also more marked in females compared to males. For instance, in the ileum, female mice showed alteration of Bmal1, Clock, Per1, Per2, Cry1, Cry2 and Rev-erbα mRNA levels, while only Per2 and Cry1 mRNAs were affected by ABA model in males. By contrast, in the liver, clock genes expression was more markedly affected in males compared to females in response to ABA. Finally, circadian variations of gut-bacteria abundances were observed in both male and female mice and sex-dependent alteration were observed in response to the ABA model. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that alteration of circadian clock genes expression at both peripheral and central levels occurs in response to the ABA model. In addition, our data underline that circadian variations of the gut-microbiota composition are sex-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Salaün
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, ADEN UMR 1073, Nutrition Inflammation and Microbiota Gut Brain Axis, UFR Santé, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, 76183, Rouen Cedex, France
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Marine Courvalet
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, ADEN UMR 1073, Nutrition Inflammation and Microbiota Gut Brain Axis, UFR Santé, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, 76183, Rouen Cedex, France
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Léna Rousseau
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, ADEN UMR 1073, Nutrition Inflammation and Microbiota Gut Brain Axis, UFR Santé, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, 76183, Rouen Cedex, France
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Kévin Cailleux
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, ADEN UMR 1073, Nutrition Inflammation and Microbiota Gut Brain Axis, UFR Santé, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, 76183, Rouen Cedex, France
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Jonathan Breton
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, ADEN UMR 1073, Nutrition Inflammation and Microbiota Gut Brain Axis, UFR Santé, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, 76183, Rouen Cedex, France
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Christine Bôle-Feysot
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, ADEN UMR 1073, Nutrition Inflammation and Microbiota Gut Brain Axis, UFR Santé, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, 76183, Rouen Cedex, France
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Charlène Guérin
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, ADEN UMR 1073, Nutrition Inflammation and Microbiota Gut Brain Axis, UFR Santé, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, 76183, Rouen Cedex, France
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Marion Huré
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, ADEN UMR 1073, Nutrition Inflammation and Microbiota Gut Brain Axis, UFR Santé, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, 76183, Rouen Cedex, France
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Alexis Goichon
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, ADEN UMR 1073, Nutrition Inflammation and Microbiota Gut Brain Axis, UFR Santé, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, 76183, Rouen Cedex, France
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Claude do Rego
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000, Rouen, France
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm, CNRS, Normandie Univ, HERACLES US 51 UAR 2026, Behavioural Analysis Platform SCAC, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Pierre Déchelotte
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, ADEN UMR 1073, Nutrition Inflammation and Microbiota Gut Brain Axis, UFR Santé, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, 76183, Rouen Cedex, France
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000, Rouen, France
- Department of Nutrition, CHU Rouen, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - David Ribet
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, ADEN UMR 1073, Nutrition Inflammation and Microbiota Gut Brain Axis, UFR Santé, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, 76183, Rouen Cedex, France
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Najate Achamrah
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, ADEN UMR 1073, Nutrition Inflammation and Microbiota Gut Brain Axis, UFR Santé, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, 76183, Rouen Cedex, France
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000, Rouen, France
- Department of Nutrition, CHU Rouen, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Moïse Coëffier
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, ADEN UMR 1073, Nutrition Inflammation and Microbiota Gut Brain Axis, UFR Santé, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, 76183, Rouen Cedex, France.
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000, Rouen, France.
- Department of Nutrition, CHU Rouen, 76000, Rouen, France.
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Niu B, Pan T, Xiao Y, Wang H, Zhu J, Tian F, Lu W, Chen W. The therapeutic potential of dietary intervention: based on the mechanism of a tryptophan derivative-indole propionic acid on metabolic disorders. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38189263 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2299744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Tryptophan (TRP) contributes to individual immune homeostasis and good condition via three complex metabolism pathways (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), kynurenine (KP), and gut microbiota pathway). Indole propionic acid (IPA), one of the TRP derivatives of the microbiota pathway, has raised more attention because of its impact on metabolic disorders. Here, we retrospect increasing evidence that TRP metabolites/IPA derived from its proteolysis impact host health and disease. IPA can activate the immune system through aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and/or Pregnane X receptor (PXR) as a vital mediator among diet-caused host and microbe cross-talk. Different levels of IPA in systemic circulation can predict the risk of NAFLD, T2DM, and CVD. IPA is suggested to alleviate cognitive impairment from oxidative damage, reduce gut inflammation, inhibit lipid accumulation and attenuate the symptoms of NAFLD, putatively enhance the intestinal epithelial barrier, and maintain intestinal homeostasis. Now, we provide a general description of the relationships between IPA and various physiological and pathological processes, which support an opportunity for diet intervention for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hongchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jinlin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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35
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Andreani NA, Sharma A, Dahmen B, Specht HE, Mannig N, Ruan V, Keller L, Baines JF, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Dempfle A, Seitz J. Longitudinal analysis of the gut microbiome in adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa: microbiome-related factors associated with clinical outcome. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2304158. [PMID: 38294867 PMCID: PMC10832965 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2304158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
There is mounting evidence regarding the role of gut microbiota in anorexia nervosa (AN). Previous studies have reported that patients with AN show dysbiosis compared to healthy controls (HCs); however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear, and data on influencing factors and longitudinal course of microbiome changes are scarce. Here, we present longitudinal data of 57 adolescent inpatients diagnosed with AN at up to nine time points (including a 1-year follow-up examination) and compare these to up to six time points in 34 HCs. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to investigate the microbiome composition of fecal samples, and data on food intake, weight change, hormonal recovery (leptin levels), and clinical outcomes were recorded. Differences in microbiome composition compared to HCs were greatest during acute starvation and in the low-weight group, while diminishing with weight gain and especially weight recovery at the 1-year follow-up. Illness duration and prior weight loss were strongly associated with microbiome composition at hospital admission, whereas microbial changes during treatment were associated with kilocalories consumed, weight gain, and hormonal recovery. The microbiome at admission was prognostic for hospital readmission, and a higher abundance of Sutterella was associated with a higher body weight at the 1-year follow-up. Identifying these clinically important factors further underlines the potential relevance of gut microbial changes and may help elucidate the underlying pathophysiology of gut-brain interactions in AN. The characterization of prognostically relevant taxa could be useful to stratify patients at admission and to potentially identify candidate taxa for future supplementation studies aimed at improving AN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Andrea Andreani
- Section of Evolutionary Medicine, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
- Section of Evolutionary Medicine, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Arunabh Sharma
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Brigitte Dahmen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hannah E. Specht
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nina Mannig
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Ruan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lara Keller
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - John F. Baines
- Section of Evolutionary Medicine, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
- Section of Evolutionary Medicine, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Astrid Dempfle
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jochen Seitz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Morisaki Y, Miyata N, Nakashima M, Hata T, Takakura S, Yoshihara K, Suematsu T, Nomoto K, Miyazaki K, Tsuji H, Sudo N. Persistence of gut dysbiosis in individuals with anorexia nervosa. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0296037. [PMID: 38117788 PMCID: PMC10732397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests a crucial role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa (AN). In this study, we carried out a series of multiple analyses of the gut microbiota of hospitalized individuals with AN over three months using 16S or 23S rRNA-targeted reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology (YIF-SCAN®), which is highly sensitive and enables the precise quantification of viable microorganisms. Despite the weight gain and improvements in psychological features observed during treatment, individuals with AN exhibited persistent gut microbial dysbiosis over the three-month duration. Principal component analysis further underscored the distinct microbial profile of individuals with AN, compared with that of age-matched healthy women at all time points. Regarding the kinetics of bacterial detection, the detection rate of Lactiplantibacillus spp. significantly increased after inpatient treatment. Additionally, the elevation in the Bifidobacterium counts during inpatient treatment was significantly correlated with the subsequent body weight gain after one year. Collectively, these findings suggest that gut dysbiosis in individuals with AN may not be easily restored solely through weight gain, highlighting the potential of therapeutic interventions targeting microbiota via dietary modifications or live biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Morisaki
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Miyata
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Megumi Nakashima
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Hata
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shu Takakura
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Yoshihara
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Health Sciences and Counseling, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Suematsu
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Nomoto
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Microbiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya City, Japan
| | | | | | - Nobuyuki Sudo
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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37
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Hussain AA, Bilgin M, Carlsson J, Foged MM, Mortensen EL, Bulik CM, Støving RK, Sjögren JM. Elevated lipid class concentrations in females with anorexia nervosa before and after intensive weight restoration treatment-A lipidomics study. Int J Eat Disord 2023; 56:2260-2272. [PMID: 37715358 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the plasma lipidome of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) before and after weight restoration treatment and report associations with AN subtypes and oral contraceptive pill (OCP) usage. METHODS Quantitative shotgun lipidomics analysis was used to study plasma lipids of 50 female patients with AN before and after weight restoration treatment and 50 healthy female controls (HC). The AN group was assessed with blood samples and questionnaires before and after weight restoration. RESULTS In total we quantified 260 lipid species representing 26 lipid classes of which 13 lipid class concentrations were elevated in patients with AN at admission compared with HC. Lipid classes remained elevated after weight restoration treatment of 84 days (median; interquartile range 28), and only the concentration of the ceramide lipid class increased between pre- and post-treatment (p = .03), whereas lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC, p = .02), ether-linked Phosphatidylcholine (LPCO, p = .02), and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE, p = .009) decreased. CONCLUSION In AN, 13 out of 26 lipid class concentrations were elevated at admission and remained elevated post-treatment. Ceramides increased further between pre- and post-weight restoration treatment, which could be related to the rapid weight gain during re-nutrition. Further research is needed to elucidate the effects of weight restoration treatment on short- and long-term lipid profiles in individuals with AN. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Lipidomics research can increase the understanding of AN, a complex and potentially life-threatening eating disorder. By analyzing lipids, or fats, in the body, we can identify biological markers that may inform diagnosis and develop more effective treatments. This research can also shed light on the underlying mechanisms of the disorder, leading to a better understanding of the processes involved in eating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Arif Hussain
- Eating Disorder Research Unit, Mental Health Center, Ballerup, Copenhagen University Hospital-Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mesut Bilgin
- Lipidomics Core Facility, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jessica Carlsson
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Competence Centre for Transcultural Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Ballerup, Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Møller Foged
- Lipidomics Core Facility, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Lykke Mortensen
- Unit of Medical Psychology, Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cynthia M Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - René Klinkby Støving
- Center for Eating Disorders, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Research Unit for Medical Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Research Unit, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jan Magnus Sjögren
- Eating Disorder Research Unit, Mental Health Center, Ballerup, Copenhagen University Hospital-Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Science, Department of Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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38
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Refisch A, Walter M. [The importance of the human microbiome for mental health]. DER NERVENARZT 2023; 94:1001-1009. [PMID: 37847418 PMCID: PMC10620288 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-023-01552-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Many common diseases including psychiatric disorders show characteristic alterations in the microbiome. Preclinical studies have uncovered important mechanisms by which the microbiome interacts bidirectionally with neural functions. Dysregulation of the complex interplay between the microbiome, immune system, stress response, and energy homeostasis, particularly in the early stages of life, can predispose to the development of psychiatric symptoms later in life. Although few clinical studies are available to date, the broad influence of the microbiome on neural and mental functions as well as its high plasticity, have generated great interest in its therapeutic potential for common psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Refisch
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Philosophenweg 3, 07743, Jena, Deutschland.
- Center for Intervention and Research on adaptive and maladaptive brain Circuits underlying mental health (C-I-R-C), Jena, Deutschland.
| | - Martin Walter
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Philosophenweg 3, 07743, Jena, Deutschland
- Deutsches Zentrum für psychische Gesundheit (DZP), Jena, Deutschland
- Center for Intervention and Research on adaptive and maladaptive brain Circuits underlying mental health (C-I-R-C), Jena, Deutschland
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39
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West ML, Hart S, Loughman A, Jacka FN, Staudacher HM, Abbaspour A, Phillipou A, Ruusunen A, Rocks T. Challenges and priorities for researching the gut microbiota in individuals living with anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 2023; 56:2001-2011. [PMID: 37548294 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The gut microbiota is implicated in several symptoms and biological pathways relevant to anorexia nervosa (AN). Investigations into the role of the gut microbiota in AN are growing, with a specific interest in the changes that occur in response to treatment. Findings suggest that microbial species may be associated with some of the symptoms common in AN, such as depression and gastrointestinal disturbances (GID). Therefore, researchers believe the gut microbiota may have therapeutic relevance. Whilst research in this field is rapidly expanding, the unique considerations relevant to conducting gut microbiota research in individuals with AN must be addressed. METHOD We provide an overview of the published literature investigating the relationship between the gut microbiota and symptoms and behaviors present in AN, discuss important challenges in gut microbiota research, and offer recommendations for addressing these. We conclude by summarizing research design priorities for the field to move forward. RESULTS Several ways exist to reduce participant burden and accommodate challenges when researching the gut microbiota in individuals with AN. DISCUSSION Recommendations from this article are foreseen to encourage scientific rigor and thoughtful protocol planning for microbiota research in AN, including ways to reduce participant burden. Employing such methods will contribute to a better understanding of the role of the gut microbiota in AN pathophysiology and treatment. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE The field of gut microbiota research is rapidly expanding, including the role of the gut microbiota in anorexia nervosa. Thoughtful planning of future research will ensure appropriate data collection for meaningful interpretation while providing a positive experience for the participant. We present current challenges, recommendations for research design and priorities to facilitate the advancement of research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline L West
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Susan Hart
- Eating and Nutrition Research Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Cambelltown, Australia
- Nutrition Services, St Vincent's Health Network, Darlinghurst, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Eating Disorders and Body Image, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amy Loughman
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Felice N Jacka
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Heidi M Staudacher
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Afrouz Abbaspour
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutetet, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Phillipou
- Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Mental Health, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Mental Health, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anu Ruusunen
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tetyana Rocks
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Eating Disorders and Body Image, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
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40
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Xia X, He SY, Zhang XL, Wang D, He Q, Xiao QA, Yang Y. The causality between gut microbiome and anorexia nervosa: a Mendelian randomization analysis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1290246. [PMID: 37928686 PMCID: PMC10620704 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1290246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Nutrient production by intestinal microbiota corresponds to regulate appetite while gut microbial composition was influenced by diet ingestion. However, the causal relationship between gut microbial taxa and anorexia nervosa (AN) remains unclear. Mendelian Randomization (MR) is a novel research method that effectively eliminates the interference of confounding factors and allows for the exploration of the direct causal effects between exposure and outcome. This study employs MR to explore the causal effect between AN and specific gut microbiome. Methods Large-scale Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) data of AN and 211 gut microbes were obtained from the IEU open GWAS project and Mibiogen Consortium. Two-sample MR was performed to determine the causal relationship between gut microbiota and AN. Furthermore, a bi-directional MR analysis was to examine the direction of the causal relations. The Bonferroni correction test was used to adjust potential correlations among microbial taxa. Result In forward MR analysis, 10specific gut microbial taxa have an impact on the occurrence of AN (the p value of IVW <0.05). The high abundance of Genus Eubacteriumnodatumgroup ID: 11297 (OR:0.78, 95% CI:0.62-0.98, p = 0.035) and Class Melainabacteria ID: 1589 (OR:0.72, 95% CI:0.51-0.99, p = 0.045) may be considered protective factors for AN. But after Bonferroni correction, only Class Actinobacteria ID:419 (OR:1.53, 95% CI:1.19-1.96, p = 0.00089) remained significantly associated and high abundance of Class Actinobacteria ID:419 considered as a risk factor for AN. In the reverse MR analysis, AN influences 8 gut microbial taxa with none-statistically significant associations after adjustment. Conclusion We identified a significant correlation between AN and 18 microbial taxa which have not been previously reported. Among them, 10 kinds of gut bacteria may affect the occurrence of AN, and the status of AN would affect 8 kinds of gut bacteria. After correction, the Class Actinobacteria ID:419 continued to exert an influence on AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Xia
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Shu-yang He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Yiling People’s Hospital of Yichang City, Yichang, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Yichang Central People’s Hospital, Yichang, China
| | - Decheng Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Qian He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qing-Ao Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Yiling People’s Hospital of Yichang City, Yichang, China
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Xu F, Chen R, Zhang C, Wang H, Ding Z, Yu L, Tian F, Chen W, Zhou Y, Zhai Q. Cholecystectomy Significantly Alters Gut Microbiota Homeostasis and Metabolic Profiles: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:4399. [PMID: 37892474 PMCID: PMC10609985 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholecystectomy (CCE) is a standard clinical treatment for conditions like gallstones and cholecystitis. However, its link to post-CCE syndrome, colorectal cancer, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has raised concerns. Additionally, studies have demonstrated the disruptive effects of CCE on gut microbiota homeostasis and bile acid (BA) metabolism. Considering the role of gut microbiota in regulating host metabolic and immune pathways, the use of dietary and probiotic intervention strategies to maintain a stable gut ecosystem after CCE could potentially reduce associated disease risks. Inter-study variations have made it challenging to identify consistent gut microbiota patterns after CCE, a prerequisite for targeted interventions. In this study, we first meta-analyzed 218 raw 16S rRNA gene sequencing datasets to determine consistent patterns of structural and functional changes in the gut microbiota after CCE. Our results revealed significant alterations in the gut microbiota's structure and function due to CCE. Furthermore, we identified characteristic gut microbiota changes associated with CCE by constructing a random model classifier. In the validation cohort, this classifier achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.713 and 0.683 when distinguishing between the microbiota of the CCE and healthy groups at the family and genus levels, respectively. Further, fecal metabolomics analysis demonstrated that CCE also substantially modified the metabolic profile, including decreased fecal short-chain fatty acid levels and disrupted BA metabolism. Importantly, dietary patterns, particularly excessive fat and total energy intake, influenced gut microbiota and metabolic profile changes post-CCE. These dietary habits were associated with further enrichment of the microbiota related to BA metabolism and increased levels of intestinal inflammation after CCE. In conclusion, our study identified specific alterations in gut microbiota homeostasis and metabolic profiles associated with CCE. It also revealed a potential link between dietary patterns and gut microbiota changes following CCE. Our study provides a theoretical basis for modulating gut microbiota homeostasis after CCE using long-term dietary strategies and probiotic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fusheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (F.X.); (R.C.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (F.T.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ruimin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (F.X.); (R.C.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (F.T.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (F.X.); (R.C.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (F.T.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Wuxi No. 2 People’s Hospital, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi 214002, China; (H.W.); (Z.D.)
| | - Zhijie Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Wuxi No. 2 People’s Hospital, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi 214002, China; (H.W.); (Z.D.)
| | - Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (F.X.); (R.C.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (F.T.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (F.X.); (R.C.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (F.T.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (F.X.); (R.C.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (F.T.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yongping Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Wuxi No. 2 People’s Hospital, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi 214002, China; (H.W.); (Z.D.)
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (F.X.); (R.C.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (F.T.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Xiong RG, Li J, Cheng J, Zhou DD, Wu SX, Huang SY, Saimaiti A, Yang ZJ, Gan RY, Li HB. The Role of Gut Microbiota in Anxiety, Depression, and Other Mental Disorders as Well as the Protective Effects of Dietary Components. Nutrients 2023; 15:3258. [PMID: 37513676 PMCID: PMC10384867 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of individuals experiencing mental disorders (e.g., anxiety and depression) has significantly risen in recent years. Therefore, it is essential to seek prevention and treatment strategies for mental disorders. Several gut microbiota, especially Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, are demonstrated to affect mental health through microbiota-gut-brain axis, and the gut microbiota dysbiosis can be related to mental disorders, such as anxiety, depression, and other mental disorders. On the other hand, dietary components, including probiotics (e.g., Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium), prebiotics (e.g., dietary fiber and alpha-lactalbumin), synbiotics, postbiotics (e.g., short-chain fatty acids), dairy products, spices (e.g., Zanthoxylum bungeanum, curcumin, and capsaicin), fruits, vegetables, medicinal herbs, and so on, could exert protective effects against mental disorders by enhancing beneficial gut microbiota while suppressing harmful ones. In this paper, the mental disorder-associated gut microbiota are summarized. In addition, the protective effects of dietary components on mental health through targeting the gut microbiota are discussed. This paper can be helpful to develop some dietary natural products into pharmaceuticals and functional foods to prevent and treat mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Gu Xiong
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (J.C.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-X.W.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (Z.-J.Y.)
| | - Jiahui Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Jin Cheng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (J.C.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-X.W.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (Z.-J.Y.)
| | - Dan-Dan Zhou
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (J.C.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-X.W.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (Z.-J.Y.)
| | - Si-Xia Wu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (J.C.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-X.W.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (Z.-J.Y.)
| | - Si-Yu Huang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (J.C.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-X.W.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (Z.-J.Y.)
| | - Adila Saimaiti
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (J.C.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-X.W.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (Z.-J.Y.)
| | - Zhi-Jun Yang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (J.C.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-X.W.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (Z.-J.Y.)
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (J.C.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-X.W.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (Z.-J.Y.)
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Mir HD, Giorgini G, Di Marzo V. The emerging role of the endocannabinoidome-gut microbiome axis in eating disorders. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 154:106295. [PMID: 37229916 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Among the sources of chemical signals regulating food intake, energy metabolism and body weight, few have attracted recently as much attention as the expanded endocannabinoid system, or endocannabinoidome (eCBome), and the gut microbiome, the two systems on which this review article is focussed. Therefore, it is legitimate to expect that these two systems also play a major role in the etiopathology of eating disorders (EDs), in particular of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder. The major mechanisms through which, also via interactions with other endogenous signaling systems, the eCBome, with its several lipid mediators and receptors, and the gut microbiome, via its variety of microbial kingdoms, phyla and species, and armamentarium of metabolites, intervene in these disorders, are described here, based on several published studies in either experimental models or patients. Additionally, in view of the emerging multi-faceted cross-talk mechanisms between these two complex systems, we discuss the possibility that the eCBome-gut microbiome axis is also involved in EDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayatte-Dounia Mir
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Pneumologie et Cardiologie (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (FMED), Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Giada Giorgini
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Pneumologie et Cardiologie (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (FMED), Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Unité Mixte Internationale en Recherche Chimique et Biomoléculaire sur le Microbiome et son Impact sur la Santé Métabolique et la Nutrition (UMI-MicroMeNu) entre l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada, et le Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB-CNR), Pozzuoli, Italy; Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Pneumologie et Cardiologie (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (FMED), Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Unité Mixte Internationale en Recherche Chimique et Biomoléculaire sur le Microbiome et son Impact sur la Santé Métabolique et la Nutrition (UMI-MicroMeNu) entre l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada, et le Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB-CNR), Pozzuoli, Italy; Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, Canada; École de nutrition, Faculté des Sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
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44
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Hildebrandt T, Peyser D. The gut microbiome in anorexia nervosa. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:760-761. [PMID: 37069402 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01372-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Hildebrandt
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Deena Peyser
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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