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Song W, Kang N, Kim YS, Lee SW. Encoded-Fusion-Based Quantum Computation for High Thresholds with Linear Optics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:050605. [PMID: 39159083 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.050605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
We propose a fault-tolerant quantum computation scheme in a measurement-based manner with finite-sized entangled resource states and encoded-fusion scheme with linear optics. The encoded fusion is an entangled measurement devised to enhance the fusion success probability in the presence of losses and errors based on a quantum error-correcting code. We apply an encoded-fusion scheme, which can be performed with linear optics and active feedforwards to implement the generalized Shor code, to construct a fault-tolerant network configuration in a three-dimensional Raussendorf-Harrington-Goyal lattice based on the surface code. Numerical simulations show that our scheme allows us to achieve up to 10 times higher loss thresholds than nonencoded fusion approaches with limited numbers of photons used in fusion. Our scheme paves an efficient route toward fault-tolerant quantum computing with finite-sized entangled resource states and linear optics.
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2
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Zhu J, Li Y, Lin X, Han Y, Wu K. Coherent phenomena and dynamics of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals for quantum information technologies. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:1027-1040. [PMID: 38951651 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01922-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Solution-processed colloidal nanocrystals of lead halide perovskites have been intensively investigated in recent years in the context of optoelectronic devices, during which time their quantum properties have also begun to attract attention. Their unmatched ease of synthetic tunability and unique structural, optical and electronic properties, in conjunction with the confinement of carriers in three dimensions, have motivated studies on observing and controlling coherent light-matter interaction in these materials for quantum information technologies. This Review outlines the recent efforts and achievements in this direction. Particularly notable examples are the observation of coherent single-photon emission, evidence for superfluorescence and the realization of room-temperature coherent spin manipulation for ensemble samples, which have not been achieved for prototypical colloidal CdSe nanocrystals that have been under investigation for decades. This Review aims to highlight these results, point out the challenges ahead towards realistic applications and bring together the efforts of multidisciplinary communities in this nascent field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuyang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoyao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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3
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Rota MB, Krieger TM, Buchinger Q, Beccaceci M, Neuwirth J, Huet H, Horová N, Lovicu G, Ronco G, Covre da Silva SF, Pettinari G, Moczała-Dusanowska M, Kohlberger C, Manna S, Stroj S, Freund J, Yuan X, Schneider C, Ježek M, Höfling S, Basso Basset F, Huber-Loyola T, Rastelli A, Trotta R. A source of entangled photons based on a cavity-enhanced and strain-tuned GaAs quantum dot. ELIGHT 2024; 4:13. [PMID: 39070906 PMCID: PMC11269457 DOI: 10.1186/s43593-024-00072-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
A quantum-light source that delivers photons with a high brightness and a high degree of entanglement is fundamental for the development of efficient entanglement-based quantum-key distribution systems. Among all possible candidates, epitaxial quantum dots are currently emerging as one of the brightest sources of highly entangled photons. However, the optimization of both brightness and entanglement currently requires different technologies that are difficult to combine in a scalable manner. In this work, we overcome this challenge by developing a novel device consisting of a quantum dot embedded in a circular Bragg resonator, in turn, integrated onto a micromachined piezoelectric actuator. The resonator engineers the light-matter interaction to empower extraction efficiencies up to 0.69(4). Simultaneously, the actuator manipulates strain fields that tune the quantum dot for the generation of entangled photons with corrected fidelities to a maximally entangled state up to 0.96(1). This hybrid technology has the potential to overcome the limitations of the key rates that plague QD-based entangled sources for entanglement-based quantum key distribution and entanglement-based quantum networks. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43593-024-00072-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele B. Rota
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Tobias M. Krieger
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Quirin Buchinger
- Technische Physik, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mattia Beccaceci
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Julia Neuwirth
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Hêlio Huet
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Nikola Horová
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. Listopadu 1192/12, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriele Lovicu
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ronco
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Saimon F. Covre da Silva
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Present Address: Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-859 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Giorgio Pettinari
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, National Research Council, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Christoph Kohlberger
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Santanu Manna
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Sandra Stroj
- Research Center for Microtechnology, Vorarlberg University of Applied Sciences, Campus V, Hochschulstrasse 1, 6850 Dornbirn, Austria
| | - Julia Freund
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Xueyong Yuan
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Present Address: School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189 China
| | - Christian Schneider
- Institut für Physik, Fakultät V, Carl von Ossietzky, Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Miroslav Ježek
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. Listopadu 1192/12, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Sven Höfling
- Technische Physik, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Francesco Basso Basset
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Tobias Huber-Loyola
- Technische Physik, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Armando Rastelli
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Rinaldo Trotta
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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4
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Yang J, Jiang Z, Benthin F, Hanel J, Fandrich T, Joos R, Bauer S, Kolatschek S, Hreibi A, Rugeramigabo EP, Jetter M, Portalupi SL, Zopf M, Michler P, Kück S, Ding F. High-rate intercity quantum key distribution with a semiconductor single-photon source. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:150. [PMID: 38956020 PMCID: PMC11219984 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01488-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables the transmission of information that is secure against general attacks by eavesdroppers. The use of on-demand quantum light sources in QKD protocols is expected to help improve security and maximum tolerable loss. Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are a promising building block for quantum communication applications because of the deterministic emission of single photons with high brightness and low multiphoton contribution. Here we report on the first intercity QKD experiment using a bright deterministic single photon source. A BB84 protocol based on polarisation encoding is realised using the high-rate single photons in the telecommunication C-band emitted from a semiconductor QD embedded in a circular Bragg grating structure. Utilising the 79 km long link with 25.49 dB loss (equivalent to 130 km for the direct-connected optical fibre) between the German cities of Hannover and Braunschweig, a record-high secret key bits per pulse of 4.8 × 10-5 with an average quantum bit error ratio of ~ 0.65% are demonstrated. An asymptotic maximum tolerable loss of 28.11 dB is found, corresponding to a length of 144 km of standard telecommunication fibre. Deterministic semiconductor sources therefore challenge state-of-the-art QKD protocols and have the potential to excel in measurement device independent protocols and quantum repeater applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhong Yang
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Zenghui Jiang
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frederik Benthin
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Joscha Hanel
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tom Fandrich
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Raphael Joos
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST) and SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stephanie Bauer
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST) and SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sascha Kolatschek
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST) and SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ali Hreibi
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Eddy Patrick Rugeramigabo
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Jetter
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST) and SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Simone Luca Portalupi
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST) and SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Zopf
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Laboratorium für Nano- und Quantenengineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 39, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Michler
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST) and SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stefan Kück
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Fei Ding
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167, Hannover, Germany.
- Laboratorium für Nano- und Quantenengineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 39, 30167, Hannover, Germany.
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5
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Holewa P, Vajner DA, Zięba-Ostój E, Wasiluk M, Gaál B, Sakanas A, Burakowski M, Mrowiński P, Krajnik B, Xiong M, Yvind K, Gregersen N, Musiał A, Huck A, Heindel T, Syperek M, Semenova E. High-throughput quantum photonic devices emitting indistinguishable photons in the telecom C-band. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3358. [PMID: 38637520 PMCID: PMC11026509 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47551-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Single indistinguishable photons at telecom C-band wavelengths are essential for quantum networks and the future quantum internet. However, high-throughput technology for single-photon generation at 1550 nm remained a missing building block to overcome present limitations in quantum communication and information technologies. Here, we demonstrate the high-throughput fabrication of quantum-photonic integrated devices operating at C-band wavelengths based on epitaxial semiconductor quantum dots. Our technique enables the deterministic integration of single pre-selected quantum emitters into microcavities based on circular Bragg gratings. Respective devices feature the triggered generation of single photons with ultra-high purity and record-high photon indistinguishability. Further improvements in yield and coherence properties will pave the way for implementing single-photon non-linear devices and advanced quantum networks at telecom wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Holewa
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland.
- DTU Electro, Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads 343, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
- NanoPhoton - Center for Nanophotonics, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads 345A, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Daniel A Vajner
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emilia Zięba-Ostój
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maja Wasiluk
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Benedek Gaál
- DTU Electro, Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads 343, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Aurimas Sakanas
- DTU Electro, Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads 343, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marek Burakowski
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Mrowiński
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Bartosz Krajnik
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Meng Xiong
- DTU Electro, Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads 343, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- NanoPhoton - Center for Nanophotonics, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads 345A, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kresten Yvind
- DTU Electro, Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads 343, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- NanoPhoton - Center for Nanophotonics, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads 345A, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Niels Gregersen
- DTU Electro, Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads 343, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anna Musiał
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Alexander Huck
- Center for Macroscopic Quantum States (bigQ), Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tobias Heindel
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcin Syperek
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Elizaveta Semenova
- DTU Electro, Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads 343, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
- NanoPhoton - Center for Nanophotonics, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads 345A, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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6
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Zhang Y, Oberg CP, Hu Y, Xu H, Yan M, Scholes GD, Wang M. Molecular and Supramolecular Materials: From Light-Harvesting to Quantum Information Science and Technology. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:3294-3316. [PMID: 38497707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The past two decades have witnessed immense advances in quantum information technology (QIT), benefited by advances in physics, chemistry, biology, and materials science and engineering. It is intriguing to consider whether these diverse molecular and supramolecular structures and materials, partially inspired by quantum effects as observed in sophisticated biological systems such as light-harvesting complexes in photosynthesis and the magnetic compass of migratory birds, might play a role in future QIT. If so, how? Herein, we review materials and specify the relationship between structures and quantum properties, and we identify the challenges and limitations that have restricted the intersection of QIT and chemical materials. Examples are broken down into two categories: materials for quantum sensing where nonclassical function is observed on the molecular scale and systems where nonclassical phenomena are present due to intermolecular interactions. We discuss challenges for materials chemistry and make comparisons to related systems found in nature. We conclude that if chemical materials become relevant for QIT, they will enable quite new kinds of properties and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Zhang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P. R. China
| | - Catrina P Oberg
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Hongxue Xu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P. R. China
| | - Mengwen Yan
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P. R. China
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Mingfeng Wang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P. R. China
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7
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Vajner D, Holewa P, Zięba-Ostój E, Wasiluk M, von Helversen M, Sakanas A, Huck A, Yvind K, Gregersen N, Musiał A, Syperek M, Semenova E, Heindel T. On-Demand Generation of Indistinguishable Photons in the Telecom C-Band Using Quantum Dot Devices. ACS PHOTONICS 2024; 11:339-347. [PMID: 38405394 PMCID: PMC10885198 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c00973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) enable the generation of single and entangled photons, which are useful for various applications in photonic quantum technologies. Specifically for quantum communication via fiber-optical networks, operation in the telecom C-band centered around 1550 nm is ideal. The direct generation of QD-photons in this spectral range with high quantum-optical quality, however, remained challenging. Here, we demonstrate the coherent on-demand generation of indistinguishable photons in the telecom C-band from single QD devices consisting of InAs/InP QD-mesa structures heterogeneously integrated with a metallic reflector on a silicon wafer. Using pulsed two-photon resonant excitation of the biexciton-exciton radiative cascade, we observe Rabi rotations up to pulse areas of 4π and a high single-photon purity in terms of g(2)(0) = 0.005(1) and 0.015(1) for exciton and biexciton photons, respectively. Applying two independent experimental methods, based on fitting Rabi rotations in the emission intensity and performing photon cross-correlation measurements, we consistently obtain preparation fidelities at the π-pulse exceeding 80%. Finally, performing Hong-Ou-Mandel-type two-photon interference experiments, we obtain a photon-indistinguishability of the full photon wave packet of up to 35(3)%, representing a significant advancement in the photon-indistinguishability of single photons emitted directly in the telecom C-band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel
A. Vajner
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Technical University
of Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paweł Holewa
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
- DTU
Electro, Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
- NanoPhoton
− Center for Nanophotonics, Technical
University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Emilia Zięba-Ostój
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maja Wasiluk
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Martin von Helversen
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Technical University
of Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Aurimas Sakanas
- DTU
Electro, Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Alexander Huck
- Center
for Macroscopic Quantum States (bigQ), Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kresten Yvind
- DTU
Electro, Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
- NanoPhoton
− Center for Nanophotonics, Technical
University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Niels Gregersen
- DTU
Electro, Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Anna Musiał
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Syperek
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Elizaveta Semenova
- DTU
Electro, Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
- NanoPhoton
− Center for Nanophotonics, Technical
University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tobias Heindel
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Technical University
of Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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8
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Ge Z, Chung T, He YM, Benyoucef M, Huo Y. Polarized and Bright Telecom C-Band Single-Photon Source from InP-Based Quantum Dots Coupled to Elliptical Bragg Gratings. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:1746-1752. [PMID: 38286024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Bright, polarized, and high-purity single-photon sources in telecom wavelengths are crucial components in long-distance quantum communication, optical quantum computation, and quantum networks. Semiconductor InAs/InP quantum dots (QDs) combined with photonic cavities provide a competitive path, leading to optimal single-photon sources in this range. Here, we demonstrate a bright and polarized single-photon source operating in the telecom C-band based on an elliptical Bragg grating (EBG) cavity. With a significant Purcell enhancement of 5.25 ± 0.05, the device achieves a polarization ratio of 0.986, a single-photon purity of g2(0) = 0.078 ± 0.016, and a single-polarized photon collection efficiency of ∼24% at the first lens (NA = 0.65) without blinking. These findings suggest that C-band QD-based single-photon sources are potential candidates for advancing quantum communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxuan Ge
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, People's Republic of China
| | - Tunghsun Chung
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ming He
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohamed Benyoucef
- Institute of Nanostructure Technologies and Analytics (INA), Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Yongheng Huo
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, People's Republic of China
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9
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Huang X, Horder J, Wong WW, Wang N, Bian Y, Yamamura K, Aharonovich I, Jagadish C, Tan HH. Scalable Bright and Pure Single Photon Sources by Droplet Epitaxy on InP Nanowire Arrays. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 38315082 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
High-quality quantum light sources are crucial components for the implementation of practical and reliable quantum technologies. The persistent challenge, however, is the lack of scalable and deterministic single photon sources that can be synthesized reproducibly. Here, we present a combination of droplet epitaxy with selective area epitaxy to realize the deterministic growth of single quantum dots in nanowire arrays. By optimization of the single quantum dot growth and the nanowire cavity design, single emissions are effectively coupled with the dominant mode of the nanowires to realize Purcell enhancement. The resonance-enhanced quantum emitter system boasts a brightness of millions of counts per second with nanowatt excitation power, a short radiation lifetime of 350 ± 5 ps, and a high single-photon purity with g(2)(0) value of 0.05 with continuous wave above-band excitation. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation results show that the emissions of single quantum dots are coupled into the TM01 mode of the nanowires, giving a Purcell factor ≈ 3. Our technology can be used for creating on-chip scalable single photon sources for future quantum technology applications including quantum networks, quantum computation, and quantum imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Huang
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600, Australia
| | - Jake Horder
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Wei Wen Wong
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600, Australia
| | - Naiyin Wang
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600, Australia
| | - Yue Bian
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600, Australia
| | - Karin Yamamura
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Igor Aharonovich
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Chennupati Jagadish
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600, Australia
| | - Hark Hoe Tan
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600, Australia
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10
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Paesani S, Brown BJ. High-Threshold Quantum Computing by Fusing One-Dimensional Cluster States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:120603. [PMID: 37802959 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.120603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
We propose a measurement-based model for fault-tolerant quantum computation that can be realized with one-dimensional cluster states and fusion measurements only; basic resources that are readily available with scalable photonic hardware. Our simulations demonstrate high thresholds compared with other measurement-based models realized with basic entangled resources and 2-qubit fusion measurements. Its high tolerance to noise indicates that our practical construction offers a promising route to scalable quantum computing with quantum emitters and linear-optical elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Paesani
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
- NNF Quantum Computing Programme, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Benjamin J Brown
- IBM Quantum, T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, USA
- IBM Denmark, Prøvensvej 1, Brøndby 2605, Denmark
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11
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Dey AB, Sanyal MK, Schropp A, Achilles S, Keller TF, Farrer I, Ritchie DA, Bertram F, Schroer CG, Seeck OH. Culling a Self-Assembled Quantum Dot as a Single-Photon Source Using X-ray Microscopy. ACS NANO 2023; 17:16080-16088. [PMID: 37523736 PMCID: PMC10763734 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Epitaxially grown self-assembled semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) with atom-like optical properties have emerged as the best choice for single-photon sources required for the development of quantum technology and quantum networks. Nondestructive selection of a single QD having desired structural, compositional, and optical characteristics is essential to obtain noise-free, fully indistinguishable single or entangled photons from single-photon emitters. Here, we show that the structural orientations and local compositional inhomogeneities within a single QD and the surrounding wet layer can be probed in a screening fashion by scanning X-ray diffraction microscopy and X-ray fluorescence with a few tens of nanometers-sized synchrotron radiation beam. The presented measurement protocol can be used to cull the best single QD from the enormous number of self-assembled dots grown simultaneously. The obtained results show that the elemental composition and resultant strain profiles of a QD are sensitive to in-plane crystallographic directions. We also observe that lattice expansion after a certain composition-limit introduces shear strain within a QD, enabling the possibility of controlled chiral-QD formation. Nanoscale chirality and compositional anisotropy, contradictory to common assumptions, need to be incorporated into existing theoretical models to predict the optical properties of single-photon sources and to further tune the epitaxial growth process of self-assembled quantum structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arka Bikash Dey
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Milan K. Sanyal
- Surface
Physics and Material Science Division, Saha
Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, West Bengal 700064, India
| | - Andreas Schropp
- Center
for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Silvio Achilles
- Center
for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Thomas F. Keller
- Center
for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
- Physics
Department, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 20355, Germany
| | - Ian Farrer
- Department
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Ritchie
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Florian Bertram
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian G. Schroer
- Center
for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Oliver H. Seeck
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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12
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Morrison CL, Pousa RG, Graffitti F, Koong ZX, Barrow P, Stoltz NG, Bouwmeester D, Jeffers J, Oi DKL, Gerardot BD, Fedrizzi A. Single-emitter quantum key distribution over 175 km of fibre with optimised finite key rates. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3573. [PMID: 37328483 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39219-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantum key distribution with solid-state single-photon emitters is gaining traction due to their rapidly improving performance and compatibility with future quantum networks. Here we emulate a quantum key distribution scheme with quantum-dot-generated single photons frequency-converted to 1550 nm, achieving count rates of 1.6 MHz with [Formula: see text] and asymptotic positive key rates over 175 km of telecom fibre. We show that the commonly used finite-key analysis for non-decoy state QKD drastically overestimates secure key acquisition times due to overly loose bounds on statistical fluctuations. Using the tighter multiplicative Chernoff bound to constrain the estimated finite key parameters, we reduce the required number of received signals by a factor 108. The resulting finite key rate approaches the asymptotic limit at all achievable distances in acquisition times of one hour, and at 100 km we generate finite keys at 13 kbps for one minute of acquisition. This result is an important step towards long-distance single-emitter quantum networking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Morrison
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Roberto G Pousa
- SUPA Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - Francesco Graffitti
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Zhe Xian Koong
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Peter Barrow
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Nick G Stoltz
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Dirk Bouwmeester
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - John Jeffers
- SUPA Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - Daniel K L Oi
- SUPA Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - Brian D Gerardot
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Alessandro Fedrizzi
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
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13
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Sobhanan J, Rival JV, Anas A, Sidharth Shibu E, Takano Y, Biju V. Luminescent Quantum Dots: Synthesis, Optical Properties, Bioimaging and Toxicity. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 197:114830. [PMID: 37086917 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent nanomaterials such as semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) and quantum dots (QDs) attract much attention to optical detectors, LEDs, photovoltaics, displays, biosensing, and bioimaging. These materials include metal chalcogenide QDs and metal halide perovskite NCs. Since the introduction of cadmium chalcogenide QDs to biolabeling and bioimaging, various metal nanoparticles (NPs), atomically precise metal nanoclusters, carbon QDs, graphene QDs, silicon QDs, and other chalcogenide QDs have been infiltrating the nano-bio interface as imaging and therapeutic agents. Nanobioconjugates prepared from luminescent QDs form a new class of imaging probes for cellular and in vivo imaging with single-molecule, super-resolution, and 3D resolutions. Surface modified and bioconjugated core-only and core-shell QDs of metal chalcogenides (MX; M = Cd/Pb/Hg/Ag, and X = S/Se/Te,), binary metal chalcogenides (MInX2; M = Cu/Ag, and X = S/Se/Te), indium compounds (InAs and InP), metal NPs (Ag, Au, and Pt), pure or mixed precision nanoclusters (Ag, Au, Pt), carbon nanomaterials (graphene QDs, graphene nanosheets, carbon NPs, and nanodiamond), silica NPs, silicon QDs, etc. have become prevalent in biosensing, bioimaging, and phototherapy. While heavy metal-based QDs are limited to in vitro bioanalysis or clinical testing due to their potential metal ion-induced toxicity, carbon (nanodiamond and graphene) and silicon QDs, gold and silica nanoparticles, and metal nanoclusters continue their in vivo voyage towards clinical imaging and therapeutic applications. This review summarizes the synthesis, chemical modifications, optical properties, and bioimaging applications of semiconductor QDs with particular references to metal chalcogenide QDs and bimetallic chalcogenide QDs. Also, this review highlights the toxicity and pharmacokinetics of QD bioconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeladhara Sobhanan
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W5, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan; Center for Adapting Flaws into Features, Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Jose V Rival
- Smart Materials Lab, Department of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Abdulaziz Anas
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Kochi, Kerala 682 018, India.
| | | | - Yuta Takano
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W5, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan; Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Vasudevanpillai Biju
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W5, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan; Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.
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14
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Nasiri Avanaki K, Schatz GC. Generation of entangled-photons by a quantum dot cascade source in polarized cavities: Using cavity resonances to boost signals and preserve the entanglements. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:144106. [PMID: 37061505 DOI: 10.1063/5.0144364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Motivated by recent advances in the development of single photon emitters for quantum information sciences, here we design and formulate a quantum cascade model that describes cascade emission by a quantum dot (QD) in a cavity structure while preserving entanglement that stores information needed for single photon emission. The theoretical approach is based on a photonic structure that consists of two orthogonal cavities in which resonance with either the first or second of the two emitted photons is possible, leading to amplification and rerouting of the entangled light. The cavity-QD scheme uses a four-level cascade emitter that involves three levels for each polarization, leading to two spatially entangled photons for each polarization. By solving the Schrodinger equation, we identify the characteristic properties of the system, which can be used in conjunction with optimization techniques to achieve the "best" design relative to a set of prioritized criteria or constraints in our optical system. The theoretical investigations include an analysis of emission spectra in addition to the joint spectral density profile, and the results demonstrate the ability of the cavities to act as frequency filters for the photons that make up the entanglements and to modify entanglement properties. The results provide new opportunities for the experimental design and engineering of on-demand single photon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nasiri Avanaki
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
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15
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Karli Y, Kappe F, Remesh V, Bracht TK, Münzberg J, Covre da Silva S, Seidelmann T, Axt VM, Rastelli A, Reiter DE, Weihs G. SUPER Scheme in Action: Experimental Demonstration of Red-Detuned Excitation of a Quantum Emitter. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:6567-6572. [PMID: 35792372 PMCID: PMC9413213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The quest for the perfect single-photon source includes finding the optimal protocol for exciting the quantum emitter. Coherent optical excitation was, up until now, achieved by tuning the laser pulses to the transition frequency of the emitter, either directly or in average. Recently, it was theoretically discovered that an excitation with two red-detuned pulses is also possible where neither of which would yield a significant upper-level population individually. We show that the so-called swing-up of quantum emitter population (SUPER) scheme can be implemented experimentally with similar properties to existing schemes by precise amplitude shaping of a broadband pulse. Because of its truly off-resonant nature, this scheme has the prospect of powering high-purity photon sources with superior photon count rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Karli
- Institut
für Experimentalphysik, Universität
Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Florian Kappe
- Institut
für Experimentalphysik, Universität
Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Vikas Remesh
- Institut
für Experimentalphysik, Universität
Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Thomas K. Bracht
- Institut
für Festkörpertheorie, Universität
Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Julian Münzberg
- Institut
für Experimentalphysik, Universität
Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Saimon Covre da Silva
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz 4040, Austria
| | - Tim Seidelmann
- Theoretische
Physik III, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
| | | | - Armando Rastelli
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz 4040, Austria
| | - Doris E. Reiter
- Institut
für Festkörpertheorie, Universität
Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Gregor Weihs
- Institut
für Experimentalphysik, Universität
Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
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16
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Ginés L, Moczała-Dusanowska M, Dlaka D, Hošák R, Gonzales-Ureta JR, Lee J, Ježek M, Harbord E, Oulton R, Höfling S, Young AB, Schneider C, Predojević A. High Extraction Efficiency Source of Photon Pairs Based on a Quantum Dot Embedded in a Broadband Micropillar Cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:033601. [PMID: 35905333 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.033601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The generation of photon pairs in quantum dots is in its nature deterministic. However, efficient extraction of photon pairs from the high index semiconductor material requires engineering of the photonic environment. We report on a micropillar device with 69.4(10)% efficiency that features broadband operation suitable for extraction of photon pairs. Opposing the approaches that rely solely on Purcell enhancement to realize the enhancement of the extraction efficiency, our solution exploits a suppression of the emission into the modes other than the cavity mode. Furthermore, the design of the device can be further optimized to allow for an extraction efficiency of 85%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Ginés
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Moczała-Dusanowska
- Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Dlaka
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, BS8 1FD, United Kingdom
| | - Radim Hošák
- Department of Optics, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jaewon Lee
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miroslav Ježek
- Department of Optics, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Edmund Harbord
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, BS8 1FD, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Oulton
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, BS8 1FD, United Kingdom
| | - Sven Höfling
- Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andrew B Young
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, BS8 1FD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ana Predojević
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Bello FD, Kongsuwan N, Hess O. Near-Field Generation and Control of Ultrafast, Multipartite Entanglement for Quantum Nanoplasmonic Networks. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:2801-2808. [PMID: 35360907 PMCID: PMC9011391 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
For a quantum Internet, one needs reliable sources of entangled particles that are compatible with measurement techniques enabling time-dependent, quantum error correction. Ideally, they will be operable at room temperature with a manageable decoherence versus generation time. To accomplish this, we theoretically establish a scalable, plasmonically based archetype that uses quantum dots (QD) as quantum emitters, known for relatively low decoherence rates near room temperature, that are excited using subdiffracted light from a near-field transducer (NFT). NFTs are a developing technology that allow rasterization across arrays of qubits and remarkably generate enough power to strongly drive energy transitions on the nanoscale. This eases the fabrication of QD media, while efficiently controlling picosecond-scale dynamic entanglement of a multiqubit system that approaches maximum fidelity, along with fluctuation between tripartite and bipartite entanglement. Our strategy radically increases the scalability and accessibility of quantum information devices while permitting fault-tolerant quantum computing using time-repetition algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Daniel Bello
- School
of Physics and CRANN Institute, Trinity
College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Nuttawut Kongsuwan
- Quantum
Technology Foundation (Thailand), 98 Soi Ari, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
- Thailand
Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science,
Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Blackett
Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial
College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ortwin Hess
- School
of Physics and CRANN Institute, Trinity
College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Blackett
Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial
College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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