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Tokunaga T, Sato N, Arai M, Nakamura T, Ishihara T. Mechanism of sensory perception unveiled by simultaneous measurement of membrane voltage and intracellular calcium. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1150. [PMID: 39284959 PMCID: PMC11405522 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06778-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Measuring neuronal activity is important for understanding neuronal function. Ca2+ imaging by genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) is a powerful way to measure neuronal activity. Although it revealed important aspects of neuronal function, measuring the neuronal membrane voltage is important to understand neuronal function as it triggers neuronal activation. Recent progress of genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) enabled us fast and precise measurements of neuronal membrane voltage. To clarify the relation of the membrane voltage and intracellular Ca2+, we analyzed neuronal activities of olfactory neuron AWA in Caenorhabditis elegans by GCaMP6f (GECI) and paQuasAr3 (GEVI) responding to odorants. We found that the membrane voltage encodes the stimuli change by the timing and the duration by the weak semi-stable depolarization. However, the change of the intracellular Ca2+ encodes the strength of the stimuli. Furthermore, ODR-3, a G-protein alpha subunit, was shown to be important for stabilizing the membrane voltage. These results suggest that the combination of calcium and voltage imaging provides a deeper understanding of the information in neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terumasa Tokunaga
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Noriko Sato
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mary Arai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takumi Nakamura
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ishihara
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Amsalem O, Inagaki H, Yu J, Svoboda K, Darshan R. Sub-threshold neuronal activity and the dynamical regime of cerebral cortex. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7958. [PMID: 39261492 PMCID: PMC11390892 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51390-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cortical neurons exhibit temporally irregular spiking patterns and heterogeneous firing rates. These features arise in model circuits operating in a 'fluctuation-driven regime', in which fluctuations in membrane potentials emerge from the network dynamics. However, it is still debated whether the cortex operates in such a regime. We evaluated the fluctuation-driven hypothesis by analyzing spiking and sub-threshold membrane potentials of neurons in the frontal cortex of mice performing a decision-making task. We showed that while standard fluctuation-driven models successfully account for spiking statistics, they fall short in capturing the heterogeneity in sub-threshold activity. This limitation is an inevitable outcome of bombarding single-compartment neurons with a large number of pre-synaptic inputs, thereby clamping the voltage of all neurons to more or less the same average voltage. To address this, we effectively incorporated dendritic morphology into the standard models. Inclusion of dendritic morphology in the neuronal models increased neuronal selectivity and reduced error trials, suggesting a functional role for dendrites during decision-making. Our work suggests that, during decision-making, cortical neurons in high-order cortical areas operate in a fluctuation-driven regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Amsalem
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jianing Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Karel Svoboda
- Allen Institute for Neural Dynamics, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ran Darshan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA.
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3
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Lewis CM, Hoffmann A, Helmchen F. Linking brain activity across scales with simultaneous opto- and electrophysiology. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:033403. [PMID: 37662552 PMCID: PMC10472193 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.3.033403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The brain enables adaptive behavior via the dynamic coordination of diverse neuronal signals across spatial and temporal scales: from fast action potential patterns in microcircuits to slower patterns of distributed activity in brain-wide networks. Understanding principles of multiscale dynamics requires simultaneous monitoring of signals in multiple, distributed network nodes. Combining optical and electrical recordings of brain activity is promising for collecting data across multiple scales and can reveal aspects of coordinated dynamics invisible to standard, single-modality approaches. We review recent progress in combining opto- and electrophysiology, focusing on mouse studies that shed new light on the function of single neurons by embedding their activity in the context of brain-wide activity patterns. Optical and electrical readouts can be tailored to desired scales to tackle specific questions. For example, fast dynamics in single cells or local populations recorded with multi-electrode arrays can be related to simultaneously acquired optical signals that report activity in specified subpopulations of neurons, in non-neuronal cells, or in neuromodulatory pathways. Conversely, two-photon imaging can be used to densely monitor activity in local circuits while sampling electrical activity in distant brain areas at the same time. The refinement of combined approaches will continue to reveal previously inaccessible and under-appreciated aspects of coordinated brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrian Hoffmann
- University of Zurich, Brain Research Institute, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Neuroscience Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fritjof Helmchen
- University of Zurich, Brain Research Institute, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Neuroscience Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, University Research Priority Program, Adaptive Brain Circuits in Development and Learning, Zurich, Switzerland
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4
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Higashi R, Morita M, Kawaguchi SY. Cl --dependent amplification of excitatory synaptic potentials at distal dendrites revealed by voltage imaging. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj2547. [PMID: 39196927 PMCID: PMC11352850 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj2547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
The processing of synaptic signals in somatodendritic compartments determines neuronal computation. Although the amplification of excitatory signals by local voltage-dependent cation channels has been extensively studied, their spatiotemporal dynamics in elaborate dendritic branches remain obscure owing to technical limitations. Using fluorescent voltage imaging throughout dendritic arborizations in hippocampal pyramidal neurons, we demonstrate a unique chloride ion (Cl-)-dependent remote computation mechanism in the distal branches. Excitatory postsynaptic potentials triggered by local laser photolysis of caged glutamate spread along dendrites, with gradual amplification toward the distal end while attenuation toward the soma. Tour de force subcellular patch-clamp recordings from thin branches complemented by biophysical model simulations revealed that the asymmetric augmentation of excitation relies on tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium ion (Na+) channels and Cl- conductance accompanied by a more hyperpolarized dendritic resting potential. Together, this study reveals the cooperative voltage-dependent actions of cation and anion conductance for dendritic supralinear computation, which can locally decode the spatiotemporal context of synaptic inputs.
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Stern MA, Dingledine R, Gross RE, Berglund K. Epilepsy insights revealed by intravital functional optical imaging. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1465232. [PMID: 39268067 PMCID: PMC11390408 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1465232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite an abundance of pharmacologic and surgical epilepsy treatments, there remain millions of patients suffering from poorly controlled seizures. One approach to closing this treatment gap may be found through a deeper mechanistic understanding of the network alterations that underly this aberrant activity. Functional optical imaging in vertebrate models provides powerful advantages to this end, enabling the spatiotemporal acquisition of individual neuron activity patterns across multiple seizures. This coupled with the advent of genetically encoded indicators, be them for specific ions, neurotransmitters or voltage, grants researchers unparalleled access to the intact nervous system. Here, we will review how in vivo functional optical imaging in various vertebrate seizure models has advanced our knowledge of seizure dynamics, principally seizure initiation, propagation and termination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Stern
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Raymond Dingledine
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Robert E Gross
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Ken Berglund
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Haziza S, Chrapkiewicz R, Zhang Y, Kruzhilin V, Li J, Li J, Delamare G, Swanson R, Buzsáki G, Kannan M, Vasan G, Lin MZ, Zeng H, Daigle TL, Schnitzer MJ. Imaging high-frequency voltage dynamics in multiple neuron classes of behaving mammals. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.15.607428. [PMID: 39185175 PMCID: PMC11343216 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.15.607428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent genetically encoded voltage indicators report transmembrane potentials of targeted cell-types. However, voltage-imaging instrumentation has lacked the sensitivity to track spontaneous or evoked high-frequency voltage oscillations in neural populations. Here we describe two complementary TEMPO voltage-sensing technologies that capture neural oscillations up to ~100 Hz. Fiber-optic TEMPO achieves ~10-fold greater sensitivity than prior photometry systems, allows hour-long recordings, and monitors two neuron-classes per fiber-optic probe in freely moving mice. With it, we uncovered cross-frequency-coupled theta- and gamma-range oscillations and characterized excitatory-inhibitory neural dynamics during hippocampal ripples and visual cortical processing. The TEMPO mesoscope images voltage activity in two cell-classes across a ~8-mm-wide field-of-view in head-fixed animals. In awake mice, it revealed sensory-evoked excitatory-inhibitory neural interactions and traveling gamma and 3-7 Hz waves in the visual cortex, and previously unreported propagation directions for hippocampal theta and beta waves. These technologies have widespread applications probing diverse oscillations and neuron-type interactions in healthy and diseased brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Haziza
- James H. Clark Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- CNC Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Radosław Chrapkiewicz
- James H. Clark Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- CNC Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yanping Zhang
- James H. Clark Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- CNC Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vasily Kruzhilin
- James H. Clark Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- CNC Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jane Li
- James H. Clark Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- CNC Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jizhou Li
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Rachel Swanson
- Neuroscience Institute, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - György Buzsáki
- Neuroscience Institute, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Neurology, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Madhuvanthi Kannan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ganesh Vasan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Michael Z Lin
- Departments of Bioengineering & Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305, USA
| | - Hongkui Zeng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Tanya L Daigle
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Mark J Schnitzer
- James H. Clark Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- CNC Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Lead contact
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7
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Huang YC, Chen HC, Lin YT, Lin ST, Zheng Q, Abdelfattah AS, Lavis LD, Schreiter ER, Lin BJ, Chen TW. Dynamic assemblies of parvalbumin interneurons in brain oscillations. Neuron 2024; 112:2600-2613.e5. [PMID: 38955183 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Brain oscillations are crucial for perception, memory, and behavior. Parvalbumin-expressing (PV) interneurons are critical for these oscillations, but their population dynamics remain unclear. Using voltage imaging, we simultaneously recorded membrane potentials in up to 26 PV interneurons in vivo during hippocampal ripple oscillations in mice. We found that PV cells generate ripple-frequency rhythms by forming highly dynamic cell assemblies. These assemblies exhibit rapid and significant changes from cycle to cycle, varying greatly in both size and membership. Importantly, this variability is not just random spiking failures of individual neurons. Rather, the activities of other PV cells contain significant information about whether a PV cell spikes or not in a given cycle. This coordination persists without network oscillations, and it exists in subthreshold potentials even when the cells are not spiking. Dynamic assemblies of interneurons may provide a new mechanism to modulate postsynaptic dynamics and impact cognitive functions flexibly and rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chieh Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Lin
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Ting Lin
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Qinsi Zheng
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Ahmed S Abdelfattah
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Luke D Lavis
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Eric R Schreiter
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Bei-Jung Lin
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Tsai-Wen Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
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8
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Renteria CA, Park J, Zhang C, Sorrells JE, Iyer RR, Tehrani KF, De la Cadena A, Boppart SA. Large field-of-view metabolic profiling of murine brain tissue following morphine incubation using label-free multiphoton microscopy. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 408:110171. [PMID: 38777156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the effects on neural activation and glucose consumption caused by opiates such as morphine are known, the metabolic machinery underlying opioid use and misuse is not fully explored. Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) techniques have been developed for optical imaging at high spatial resolution. Despite the increased use of MPM for neural imaging, the use of intrinsic optical contrast has seen minimal use in neuroscience. NEW METHOD We present a label-free, multimodal microscopy technique for metabolic profiling of murine brain tissue following incubation with morphine sulfate (MSO4). We evaluate two- and three-photon excited autofluorescence, and second and third harmonic generation to determine meaningful intrinsic contrast mechanisms in brain tissue using simultaneous label-free, autofluorescence multi-harmonic (SLAM) microscopy. RESULTS Regional differences quantified in the cortex, caudate, and thalamus of the brain demonstrate region-specific changes to metabolic profiles measured from FAD intensity, along with brain-wide quantification. While the overall intensity of FAD signal significantly decreased after morphine incubation, this metabolic molecule accumulated near the nucleus accumbens. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Histopathology requires tissue fixation and staining to determine cell type and morphology, lacking information about cellular metabolism. Tools such as fMRI or PET imaging have been widely used, but lack cellular resolution. SLAM microscopy obviates the need for tissue preparation, permitting immediate use and imaging of tissue with subcellular resolution in its native environment. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the utility of SLAM microscopy for label-free investigations of neural metabolism, especially the intensity changes in FAD autofluorescence and structural morphology from third-harmonic generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Renteria
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jaena Park
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Janet E Sorrells
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Rishyashring R Iyer
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kayvan F Tehrani
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Alejandro De la Cadena
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Stephen A Boppart
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; NIH/NIBIB P41 Center for Label-free Imaging and Multiscale Biophotonics (CLIMB), University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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Liao Z, Gonzalez KC, Li DM, Yang CM, Holder D, McClain NE, Zhang G, Evans SW, Chavarha M, Simko J, Makinson CD, Lin MZ, Losonczy A, Negrean A. Functional architecture of intracellular oscillations in hippocampal dendrites. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6295. [PMID: 39060234 PMCID: PMC11282248 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50546-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fast electrical signaling in dendrites is central to neural computations that support adaptive behaviors. Conventional techniques lack temporal and spatial resolution and the ability to track underlying membrane potential dynamics present across the complex three-dimensional dendritic arbor in vivo. Here, we perform fast two-photon imaging of dendritic and somatic membrane potential dynamics in single pyramidal cells in the CA1 region of the mouse hippocampus during awake behavior. We study the dynamics of subthreshold membrane potential and suprathreshold dendritic events throughout the dendritic arbor in vivo by combining voltage imaging with simultaneous local field potential recording, post hoc morphological reconstruction, and a spatial navigation task. We systematically quantify the modulation of local event rates by locomotion in distinct dendritic regions, report an advancing gradient of dendritic theta phase along the basal-tuft axis, and describe a predominant hyperpolarization of the dendritic arbor during sharp-wave ripples. Finally, we find that spatial tuning of dendritic representations dynamically reorganizes following place field formation. Our data reveal how the organization of electrical signaling in dendrites maps onto the anatomy of the dendritic tree across behavior, oscillatory network, and functional cell states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenrui Liao
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Kevin C Gonzalez
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Deborah M Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Catalina M Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Donald Holder
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Natalie E McClain
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Stephen W Evans
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
- The Boulder Creek Research Institute, Los Altos, USA
| | - Mariya Chavarha
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Jane Simko
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Christopher D Makinson
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Michael Z Lin
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Attila Losonczy
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, USA.
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, USA.
- Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, USA.
| | - Adrian Negrean
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, USA.
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, USA.
- Allen Institute for Neural Dynamics, Seattle, USA.
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10
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Leong LM, Storace DA. Imaging different cell populations in the mouse olfactory bulb using the genetically encoded voltage indicator ArcLight. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:033402. [PMID: 38288247 PMCID: PMC10823906 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.3.033402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) are protein-based optical sensors that allow for measurements from genetically defined populations of neurons. Although in vivo imaging in the mammalian brain with early generation GEVIs was difficult due to poor membrane expression and low signal-to-noise ratio, newer and more sensitive GEVIs have begun to make them useful for answering fundamental questions in neuroscience. We discuss principles of imaging using GEVIs and genetically encoded calcium indicators, both useful tools for in vivo imaging of neuronal activity, and review some of the recent mechanistic advances that have led to GEVI improvements. We provide an overview of the mouse olfactory bulb (OB) and discuss recent studies using the GEVI ArcLight to study different cell types within the bulb using both widefield and two-photon microscopy. Specific emphasis is placed on using GEVIs to begin to study the principles of concentration coding in the OB, how to interpret the optical signals from population measurements in the in vivo brain, and future developments that will push the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Min Leong
- Florida State University, Department of Biological Science, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
| | - Douglas A. Storace
- Florida State University, Department of Biological Science, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
- Florida State University, Program in Neuroscience, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
- Florida State University, Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
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11
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Mizuta K, Sato M. Multiphoton imaging of hippocampal neural circuits: techniques and biological insights into region-, cell-type-, and pathway-specific functions. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:033406. [PMID: 38464393 PMCID: PMC10923542 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.3.033406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Significance The function of the hippocampus in behavior and cognition has long been studied primarily through electrophysiological recordings from freely moving rodents. However, the application of optical recording methods, particularly multiphoton fluorescence microscopy, in the last decade or two has dramatically advanced our understanding of hippocampal function. This article provides a comprehensive overview of techniques and biological findings obtained from multiphoton imaging of hippocampal neural circuits. Aim This review aims to summarize and discuss the recent technical advances in multiphoton imaging of hippocampal neural circuits and the accumulated biological knowledge gained through this technology. Approach First, we provide a brief overview of various techniques of multiphoton imaging of the hippocampus and discuss its advantages, drawbacks, and associated key innovations and practices. Then, we review a large body of findings obtained through multiphoton imaging by region (CA1 and dentate gyrus), cell type (pyramidal neurons, inhibitory interneurons, and glial cells), and cellular compartment (dendrite and axon). Results Multiphoton imaging of the hippocampus is primarily performed under head-fixed conditions and can reveal detailed mechanisms of circuit operation owing to its high spatial resolution and specificity. As the hippocampus lies deep below the cortex, its imaging requires elaborate methods. These include imaging cannula implantation, microendoscopy, and the use of long-wavelength light sources. Although many studies have focused on the dorsal CA1 pyramidal cells, studies of other local and inter-areal circuitry elements have also helped provide a more comprehensive picture of the information processing performed by the hippocampal circuits. Imaging of circuit function in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease and other brain disorders such as autism spectrum disorder has also contributed greatly to our understanding of their pathophysiology. Conclusions Multiphoton imaging has revealed much regarding region-, cell-type-, and pathway-specific mechanisms in hippocampal function and dysfunction in health and disease. Future technological advances will allow further illustration of the operating principle of the hippocampal circuits via the large-scale, high-resolution, multimodal, and minimally invasive imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Mizuta
- RIKEN BDR, Kobe, Japan
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Department of Biology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Masaaki Sato
- Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Neuropharmacology, Sapporo, Japan
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12
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Gillon CJ, Baker C, Ly R, Balzani E, Brunton BW, Schottdorf M, Ghosh S, Dehghani N. Open Data In Neurophysiology: Advancements, Solutions & Challenges. ARXIV 2024:arXiv:2407.00976v1. [PMID: 39010879 PMCID: PMC11247910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Across the life sciences, an ongoing effort over the last 50 years has made data and methods more reproducible and transparent. This openness has led to transformative insights and vastly accelerated scientific progress1,2. For example, structural biology3 and genomics4,5 have undertaken systematic collection and publication of protein sequences and structures over the past half-century, and these data have led to scientific breakthroughs that were unthinkable when data collection first began (e.g.6). We believe that neuroscience is poised to follow the same path, and that principles of open data and open science will transform our understanding of the nervous system in ways that are impossible to predict at the moment. To this end, new social structures along with active and open scientific communities are essential7 to facilitate and expand the still limited adoption of open science practices in our field8. Unified by shared values of openness, we set out to organize a symposium for Open Data in Neuroscience (ODIN) to strengthen our community and facilitate transformative neuroscience research at large. In this report, we share what we learned during this first ODIN event. We also lay out plans for how to grow this movement, document emerging conversations, and propose a path toward a better and more transparent science of tomorrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen J Gillon
- These authors contributed equally to this paper
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Cody Baker
- These authors contributed equally to this paper
- CatalystNeuro, Benicia, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Ly
- These authors contributed equally to this paper
- Scientific Data Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Edoardo Balzani
- Center for Computational Neuroscience, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bingni W Brunton
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Manuel Schottdorf
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Satrajit Ghosh
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nima Dehghani
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this paper
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13
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Phil Brooks F, Davis HC, Wong-Campos JD, Cohen AE. Optical constraints on two-photon voltage imaging. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:035007. [PMID: 39139631 PMCID: PMC11321468 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.3.035007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Significance Genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) are a valuable tool for studying neural circuits in vivo, but the relative merits and limitations of one-photon (1P) versus two-photon (2P) voltage imaging are not well characterized. Aim We consider the optical and biophysical constraints particular to 1P and 2P voltage imaging and compare the imaging properties of commonly used GEVIs under 1P and 2P excitation. Approach We measure the brightness and voltage sensitivity of voltage indicators from commonly used classes under 1P and 2P illumination. We also measure the decrease in fluorescence as a function of depth in the mouse brain. We develop a simple model of the number of measurable cells as a function of reporter properties, imaging parameters, and desired signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We then discuss how the performance of voltage imaging would be affected by sensor improvements and by recently introduced advanced imaging modalities. Results Compared with 1P excitation, 2P excitation requires ∼ 10 4 -fold more illumination power per cell to produce similar photon count rates. For voltage imaging with JEDI-2P in the mouse cortex with a target SNR of 10 (spike height to baseline shot noise), a measurement bandwidth of 1 kHz, a thermally limited laser power of 200 mW, and an imaging depth of > 300 μ m , 2P voltage imaging using an 80-MHz source can record from no more than ∼ 12 neurons simultaneously. Conclusions Due to the stringent photon-count requirements of voltage imaging and the modest voltage sensitivity of existing reporters, 2P voltage imaging in vivo faces a stringent tradeoff between shot noise and tissue photodamage. 2P imaging of hundreds of neurons with high SNR at a depth of > 300 μ m will require either major improvements in 2P GEVIs or qualitatively new approaches to imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Phil Brooks
- Harvard University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Hunter C. Davis
- Harvard University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - J. David Wong-Campos
- Harvard University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Adam E. Cohen
- Harvard University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
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14
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Sims RR, Bendifallah I, Grimm C, Lafirdeen ASM, Domínguez S, Chan CY, Lu X, Forget BC, St-Pierre F, Papagiakoumou E, Emiliani V. Scanless two-photon voltage imaging. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5095. [PMID: 38876987 PMCID: PMC11178882 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49192-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Two-photon voltage imaging has long been heralded as a transformative approach capable of answering many long-standing questions in modern neuroscience. However, exploiting its full potential requires the development of novel imaging approaches well suited to the photophysical properties of genetically encoded voltage indicators. We demonstrate that parallel excitation approaches developed for scanless two-photon photostimulation enable high-SNR two-photon voltage imaging. We use whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology to perform a thorough characterization of scanless two-photon voltage imaging using three parallel illumination approaches and lasers with different repetition rates and wavelengths. We demonstrate voltage recordings of high-frequency spike trains and sub-threshold depolarizations from neurons expressing the soma-targeted genetically encoded voltage indicator JEDI-2P-Kv. Using a low repetition-rate laser, we perform multi-cell recordings from up to fifteen targets simultaneously. We co-express JEDI-2P-Kv and the channelrhodopsin ChroME-ST and capitalize on their overlapping two-photon absorption spectra to simultaneously evoke and image action potentials using a single laser source. We also demonstrate in vivo scanless two-photon imaging of multiple cells simultaneously up to 250 µm deep in the barrel cortex of head-fixed, anaesthetised mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth R Sims
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Imane Bendifallah
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Christiane Grimm
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | | | - Soledad Domínguez
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Chung Yuen Chan
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Xiaoyu Lu
- Systems, Synthetic, and Physical Biology Program, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Benoît C Forget
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - François St-Pierre
- Systems, Synthetic, and Physical Biology Program, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Valentina Emiliani
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France.
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15
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Csillag V, Noble JC, Calvigioni D, Reinius B, Fuzik J. All-optical voltage imaging-guided postsynaptic single-cell transcriptome profiling with Voltage-Seq. Nat Protoc 2024:10.1038/s41596-024-01005-y. [PMID: 38834919 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-024-01005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Neuronal pathways recruit large postsynaptic populations and maintain connections via distinct postsynaptic response types (PRTs). Until recently, PRTs were accessible as a selection criterion for single-cell RNA sequencing only through probing by low-throughput whole-cell electrophysiology. To overcome these limitations and target neurons on the basis of specific PRTs for soma collection and subsequent single-cell RNA sequencing, we developed Voltage-Seq using the genetically encoded voltage indicator Voltron in acute brain slices from mice. We also created an onsite analysis tool, VoltView, to guide soma collection of specific PRTs using a classifier based on a previously acquired database of connectomes from multiple animals. Here we present our procedure for preparing the optical path, the imaging setup and detailing the imaging and analysis steps, as well as a complete procedure for sequencing library preparation. This enables researchers to conduct our high-throughput all-optical synaptic assay and to obtain single-cell transcriptomic data from selected postsynaptic neurons. This also allows researchers to resolve the connectivity ratio of a specific pathway and explore the diversity of PRTs within that connectome. Furthermore, combining high throughput with quick analysis gives unique access to find specific connections within a large postsynaptic connectome. Voltage-Seq also allows the investigation of correlations between connectivity and gene expression changes in a postsynaptic cell-type-specific manner for both excitatory and inhibitory connections. The Voltage-Seq workflow can be completed in ~6 weeks, including 4-5 weeks for viral expression of the Voltron sensor. The technique requires knowledge of basic laboratory techniques, micromanipulator handling skills and experience in molecular biology and bioinformatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Csillag
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J C Noble
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Björn Reinius
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - János Fuzik
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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16
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Xiao S, Cunningham WJ, Kondabolu K, Lowet E, Moya MV, Mount RA, Ravasio C, Bortz E, Shaw D, Economo MN, Han X, Mertz J. Large-scale deep tissue voltage imaging with targeted-illumination confocal microscopy. Nat Methods 2024; 21:1094-1102. [PMID: 38840033 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-024-02275-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Voltage imaging with cellular specificity has been made possible by advances in genetically encoded voltage indicators. However, the kilohertz rates required for voltage imaging lead to weak signals. Moreover, out-of-focus fluorescence and tissue scattering produce background that both undermines the signal-to-noise ratio and induces crosstalk between cells, making reliable in vivo imaging in densely labeled tissue highly challenging. We describe a microscope that combines the distinct advantages of targeted illumination and confocal gating while also maximizing signal detection efficiency. The resulting benefits in signal-to-noise ratio and crosstalk reduction are quantified experimentally and theoretically. Our microscope provides a versatile solution for enabling high-fidelity in vivo voltage imaging at large scales and penetration depths, which we demonstrate across a wide range of imaging conditions and different genetically encoded voltage indicator classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | | | - Eric Lowet
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria V Moya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca A Mount
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cara Ravasio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emma Bortz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dana Shaw
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael N Economo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jerome Mertz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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17
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Targeted illumination confocal microscopy enables in vivo voltage imaging in thick tissue. Nat Methods 2024; 21:948-949. [PMID: 38840034 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-024-02276-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
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18
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Xing Z, Hu Q, Wang W, Kong N, Gao R, Shen X, Xu S, Meng L, Liu JR, Zhu X. An NIR-IIb emissive transmembrane voltage nano-indicator for the optical monitoring of electrophysiological activities in vivo. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:2457-2468. [PMID: 38465967 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh02189k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
In vivo transmembrane-voltage detection reflected the electrophysiological activities of the biological system, which is crucial for the diagnosis of neuronal disease. Traditional implanted electrodes can only monitor limited regions and induce relatively large tissue damage. Despite emerging monitoring methods based on optical imaging have access to signal recording in a larger area, the recording wavelength of less than 1000 nm seriously weakens the detection depth and resolution in vivo. Herein, a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based nano-indicator, NaYbF4:Er@NaYF4@Cy7.5@DPPC (Cy7.5-ErNP) with emission in the near-infrared IIb biological window (NIR-IIb, 1500-1700 nm) is developed for transmembrane-voltage detection. Cy7.5 dye is found to be voltage-sensitive and is employed as the energy donor for the energy transfer to the lanthanide nanoparticle, NaYbF4:Er@NaYF4 (ErNP), which works as the acceptor to achieve electrophysiological signal responsive NIR-IIb luminescence. Benefiting from the high penetration and low scattering of NIR-IIb luminescence, the Cy7.5-ErNP enables both the visualization of action potential in vitro and monitoring of Mesial Temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) disease in vivo. This work presents a concept for leveraging the lanthanide luminescent nanoprobes to visualize electrophysiological activity in vivo, which facilitates the development of an optical nano-indicator for the diagnosis of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Xing
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China.
| | - Qian Hu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China.
| | - Weikan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 ZhiZaoJu Road, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Na Kong
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China.
| | - Rong Gao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaolei Shen
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 ZhiZaoJu Road, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Sixin Xu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China.
| | - Lingkai Meng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China.
| | - Jian-Ren Liu
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 ZhiZaoJu Road, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Xingjun Zhu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
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19
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Park P, Wong-Campos D, Itkis DG, Lee BH, Qi Y, Davis H, Antin B, Pasarkar A, Grimm JB, Plutkis SE, Holland KL, Paninski L, Lavis LD, Cohen AE. Dendritic excitations govern back-propagation via a spike-rate accelerometer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.06.02.543490. [PMID: 37398232 PMCID: PMC10312650 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.02.543490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Dendrites on neurons support nonlinear electrical excitations, but the computational significance of these events is not well understood. We developed molecular, optical, and analytical tools to map sub-millisecond voltage dynamics throughout the dendritic trees of CA1 pyramidal neurons under diverse optogenetic and synaptic stimulus patterns, in acute brain slices. We observed history-dependent spike back-propagation in distal dendrites, driven by locally generated Na+ spikes (dSpikes). Dendritic depolarization created a transient window for dSpike propagation, opened by A-type K V channel inactivation, and closed by slow N a V inactivation. Collisions of dSpikes with synaptic inputs triggered calcium channel and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-dependent plateau potentials, with accompanying complex spikes at the soma. This hierarchical ion channel network acts as a spike-rate accelerometer, providing an intuitive picture of how dendritic excitations shape associative plasticity rules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pojeong Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David Wong-Campos
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel G Itkis
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Byung Hun Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yitong Qi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hunter Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Antin
- Departments of Statistics and Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amol Pasarkar
- Departments of Statistics and Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan B Grimm
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Sarah E Plutkis
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Katie L Holland
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Liam Paninski
- Departments of Statistics and Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luke D Lavis
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Adam E Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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20
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Song C, Matlashov ME, Shcherbakova DM, Antic SD, Verkhusha VV, Knöpfel T. Characterization of two near-infrared genetically encoded voltage indicators. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:024201. [PMID: 38090225 PMCID: PMC10712888 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.2.024201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Significance Efforts starting more than 20 years ago led to increasingly well performing genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) for optical imaging at wavelengths < 600 nm . Although optical imaging in the > 600 nm wavelength range has many advantages over shorter wavelength approaches for mesoscopic in vivo monitoring of neuronal activity in the mammalian brain, the availability and evaluation of well performing near-infrared GEVIs are still limited. Aim Here, we characterized two recent near-infrared GEVIs, Archon1 and nirButterfly, to support interested tool users in selecting a suitable near-infrared GEVI for their specific research question requirements. Approach We characterized side-by-side the brightness, sensitivity, and kinetics of both near-infrared GEVIs in a setting focused on population imaging. Results We found that nirButterfly shows seven-fold higher brightness than Archon1 under the same conditions and faster kinetics than Archon1 for population imaging without cellular resolution. But Archon1 showed larger signals than nirButterfly. Conclusions Neither GEVI characterized here surpasses in all three key parameters (brightness, kinetics, and sensitivity), so there is no unequivocal preference for one of the two. Our side-by-side characterization presented here provides new information for future in vitro and ex vivo experimental designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Song
- Imperial College, Laboratory for Neuronal Circuit Dynamics, London, United Kingdom
- Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Mikhail E. Matlashov
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Department of Genetics, Bronx, New York, United States
| | - Daria M. Shcherbakova
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Department of Genetics, Bronx, New York, United States
| | - Srdjan D. Antic
- Institute for Systems Genomics, UConn Health, Department of Neuroscience, Farmington, Connecticut, United States
| | - Vladislav V. Verkhusha
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Department of Genetics, Bronx, New York, United States
- University of Helsinki, Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thomas Knöpfel
- Imperial College, Laboratory for Neuronal Circuit Dynamics, London, United Kingdom
- Hong Kong Baptist University, Laboratory for Neuronal Circuit Dynamics, Hong Kong, China
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21
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Huan Y, Tibbetts BN, Richie JM, Chestek CA, Chiel HJ. Intracellular neural control of an active feeding structure in Aplysia using a carbon fiber electrode array. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 404:110077. [PMID: 38336092 PMCID: PMC11136531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study neural control of behavior, intracellular recording and stimulation of many neurons in freely moving animals would be ideal. However, current technologies limit the number of neurons that can be monitored and manipulated. A new technology has become available for intracellular recording and stimulation which we demonstrate in the tractable nervous system of Aplysia. NEW METHOD Carbon fiber electrode arrays (whose tips are coated with platinum-iridium) were used with an in vitro feeding preparation to intracellularly record from and to control the activity of multiple neurons during feeding movements. RESULTS In an in vitro feeding preparation, the carbon fiber electrode arrays recorded action potentials and subthreshold synaptic potentials during feeding movements. Depolarizing or hyperpolarizing currents activated or inhibited identified neurons (respectively), manipulating the movements of the feeding apparatus. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) Standard glass microelectrodes that are commonly used for intracellular recording are stiff, liable to break in response to movement, and require many micromanipulators to be precisely positioned. In contrast, carbon fiber arrays are less sensitive to movement, but are capable of multiple channels of intracellular recording and stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Carbon fiber arrays are a novel technology for intracellular recording that can be used in moving preparations. They can record both action potentials and synaptic activity in multiple neurons and can be used to stimulate multiple neurons in complex patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huan
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-7080, USA
| | - Benjamin N Tibbetts
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-7080, USA
| | - Julianna M Richie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Cynthia A Chestek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hillel J Chiel
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-7080, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-7080, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-7080, USA.
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22
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Deng J, Sun C, Zheng Y, Gao J, Cui X, Wang Y, Zhang L, Tang P. In vivo imaging of the neuronal response to spinal cord injury: a narrative review. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:811-817. [PMID: 37843216 PMCID: PMC10664102 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the neuronal response to injury in the spinal cord is essential for exploring treatment strategies for spinal cord injury (SCI). However, this subject has been neglected in part because appropriate tools are lacking. Emerging in vivo imaging and labeling methods offer great potential for observing dynamic neural processes in the central nervous system in conditions of health and disease. This review first discusses in vivo imaging of the mouse spinal cord with a focus on the latest imaging techniques, and then analyzes the dynamic biological response of spinal cord sensory and motor neurons to SCI. We then summarize and compare the techniques behind these studies and clarify the advantages of in vivo imaging compared with traditional neuroscience examinations. Finally, we identify the challenges and possible solutions for spinal cord neuron imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jianpeng Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Licheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Peifu Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
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Wheeler DW, Kopsick JD, Sutton N, Tecuatl C, Komendantov AO, Nadella K, Ascoli GA. Hippocampome.org 2.0 is a knowledge base enabling data-driven spiking neural network simulations of rodent hippocampal circuits. eLife 2024; 12:RP90597. [PMID: 38345923 PMCID: PMC10942544 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Hippocampome.org is a mature open-access knowledge base of the rodent hippocampal formation focusing on neuron types and their properties. Previously, Hippocampome.org v1.0 established a foundational classification system identifying 122 hippocampal neuron types based on their axonal and dendritic morphologies, main neurotransmitter, membrane biophysics, and molecular expression (Wheeler et al., 2015). Releases v1.1 through v1.12 furthered the aggregation of literature-mined data, including among others neuron counts, spiking patterns, synaptic physiology, in vivo firing phases, and connection probabilities. Those additional properties increased the online information content of this public resource over 100-fold, enabling numerous independent discoveries by the scientific community. Hippocampome.org v2.0, introduced here, besides incorporating over 50 new neuron types, now recenters its focus on extending the functionality to build real-scale, biologically detailed, data-driven computational simulations. In all cases, the freely downloadable model parameters are directly linked to the specific peer-reviewed empirical evidence from which they were derived. Possible research applications include quantitative, multiscale analyses of circuit connectivity and spiking neural network simulations of activity dynamics. These advances can help generate precise, experimentally testable hypotheses and shed light on the neural mechanisms underlying associative memory and spatial navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diek W Wheeler
- Center for Neural Informatics, Structures, & Plasticity, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason UniversityFairfaxUnited States
- Bioengineering Department and Center for Neural Informatics, Structures, & Plasticity, College of Engineering and Computing, George Mason UniversityFairfaxUnited States
| | - Jeffrey D Kopsick
- Center for Neural Informatics, Structures, & Plasticity, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason UniversityFairfaxUnited States
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, College of Science, George Mason UniversityFairfaxUnited States
| | - Nate Sutton
- Center for Neural Informatics, Structures, & Plasticity, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason UniversityFairfaxUnited States
- Bioengineering Department and Center for Neural Informatics, Structures, & Plasticity, College of Engineering and Computing, George Mason UniversityFairfaxUnited States
| | - Carolina Tecuatl
- Center for Neural Informatics, Structures, & Plasticity, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason UniversityFairfaxUnited States
- Bioengineering Department and Center for Neural Informatics, Structures, & Plasticity, College of Engineering and Computing, George Mason UniversityFairfaxUnited States
| | - Alexander O Komendantov
- Center for Neural Informatics, Structures, & Plasticity, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason UniversityFairfaxUnited States
- Bioengineering Department and Center for Neural Informatics, Structures, & Plasticity, College of Engineering and Computing, George Mason UniversityFairfaxUnited States
| | - Kasturi Nadella
- Center for Neural Informatics, Structures, & Plasticity, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason UniversityFairfaxUnited States
- Bioengineering Department and Center for Neural Informatics, Structures, & Plasticity, College of Engineering and Computing, George Mason UniversityFairfaxUnited States
| | - Giorgio A Ascoli
- Center for Neural Informatics, Structures, & Plasticity, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason UniversityFairfaxUnited States
- Bioengineering Department and Center for Neural Informatics, Structures, & Plasticity, College of Engineering and Computing, George Mason UniversityFairfaxUnited States
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, College of Science, George Mason UniversityFairfaxUnited States
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24
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Wheeler DW, Kopsick JD, Sutton N, Tecuatl C, Komendantov AO, Nadella K, Ascoli GA. Hippocampome.org v2.0: a knowledge base enabling data-driven spiking neural network simulations of rodent hippocampal circuits. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.05.12.540597. [PMID: 37425693 PMCID: PMC10327012 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.12.540597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Hippocampome.org is a mature open-access knowledge base of the rodent hippocampal formation focusing on neuron types and their properties. Hippocampome.org v1.0 established a foundational classification system identifying 122 hippocampal neuron types based on their axonal and dendritic morphologies, main neurotransmitter, membrane biophysics, and molecular expression. Releases v1.1 through v1.12 furthered the aggregation of literature-mined data, including among others neuron counts, spiking patterns, synaptic physiology, in vivo firing phases, and connection probabilities. Those additional properties increased the online information content of this public resource over 100-fold, enabling numerous independent discoveries by the scientific community. Hippocampome.org v2.0, introduced here, besides incorporating over 50 new neuron types, now recenters its focus on extending the functionality to build real-scale, biologically detailed, data-driven computational simulations. In all cases, the freely downloadable model parameters are directly linked to the specific peer-reviewed empirical evidence from which they were derived. Possible research applications include quantitative, multiscale analyses of circuit connectivity and spiking neural network simulations of activity dynamics. These advances can help generate precise, experimentally testable hypotheses and shed light on the neural mechanisms underlying associative memory and spatial navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diek W. Wheeler
- Center for Neural Informatics, Structures, & Plasticity; Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study; George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
- Bioengineering Department and Center for Neural Informatics, Structures, & Plasticity; College of Engineering and Computing; George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Kopsick
- Center for Neural Informatics, Structures, & Plasticity; Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study; George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience; College of Science; George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Nate Sutton
- Center for Neural Informatics, Structures, & Plasticity; Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study; George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
- Bioengineering Department and Center for Neural Informatics, Structures, & Plasticity; College of Engineering and Computing; George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Carolina Tecuatl
- Center for Neural Informatics, Structures, & Plasticity; Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study; George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
- Bioengineering Department and Center for Neural Informatics, Structures, & Plasticity; College of Engineering and Computing; George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Alexander O. Komendantov
- Center for Neural Informatics, Structures, & Plasticity; Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study; George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
- Bioengineering Department and Center for Neural Informatics, Structures, & Plasticity; College of Engineering and Computing; George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Kasturi Nadella
- Center for Neural Informatics, Structures, & Plasticity; Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study; George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
- Bioengineering Department and Center for Neural Informatics, Structures, & Plasticity; College of Engineering and Computing; George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Giorgio A. Ascoli
- Center for Neural Informatics, Structures, & Plasticity; Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study; George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience; College of Science; George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
- Bioengineering Department and Center for Neural Informatics, Structures, & Plasticity; College of Engineering and Computing; George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
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25
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Zhang G, Li X, Zhang Y, Han X, Li X, Yu J, Liu B, Wu J, Yu L, Dai Q. Bio-friendly long-term subcellular dynamic recording by self-supervised image enhancement microscopy. Nat Methods 2023; 20:1957-1970. [PMID: 37957429 PMCID: PMC10703694 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-02058-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy has become an indispensable tool for revealing the dynamic regulation of cells and organelles. However, stochastic noise inherently restricts optical interrogation quality and exacerbates observation fidelity when balancing the joint demands of high frame rate, long-term recording and low phototoxicity. Here we propose DeepSeMi, a self-supervised-learning-based denoising framework capable of increasing signal-to-noise ratio by over 12 dB across various conditions. With the introduction of newly designed eccentric blind-spot convolution filters, DeepSeMi effectively denoises images with no loss of spatiotemporal resolution. In combination with confocal microscopy, DeepSeMi allows for recording organelle interactions in four colors at high frame rates across tens of thousands of frames, monitoring migrasomes and retractosomes over a half day, and imaging ultra-phototoxicity-sensitive Dictyostelium cells over thousands of frames. Through comprehensive validations across various samples and instruments, we prove DeepSeMi to be a versatile and biocompatible tool for breaking the shot-noise limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxun Zhang
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanlong Zhang
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Han
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyang Li
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Boqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiamin Wu
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Shanghai AI Laboratory, Shanghai, China.
| | - Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Qionghai Dai
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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26
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Nakasone K, Zavik C, Liu E, Ahmed B, Griffith D, Maisenbacher L, Singh A, Zhou Y, Cui B, Müller H. Compact Electrochromic Optical Recording of Bioelectric Potentials. ARXIV 2023:arXiv:2311.15506v1. [PMID: 38076511 PMCID: PMC10705589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Electrochromic optical recording (ECORE) is a label-free method that utilizes electrochromism to optically detect electrical signals in biological cells with a high signal-to-noise ratio and is suitable for long-term recording. However, ECORE usually requires a large and intricate optical setup, making it relatively difficult to transport and to study specimens on a large scale. Here, we present a Compact ECORE (CECORE) apparatus that drastically reduces the spatial footprint and complexity of the ECORE setup whilst maintaining high sensitivity. An autobalancing differential photodetector automates common-mode noise rejection, removing the need for manually adjustable optics, and a compact laser module conserves space compared to a typical laser mount. The result is a simple, easy-to-use, and relatively low cost system that achieves a sensitivity of 16.7 μV (within a factor of 5 of the shot noise limit), and reliably detects action potentials from Human-induced pluripotent stem cell (HiPSC) derived cardiomyocytes. This setup can be further improved to within 1.5 dB of the shot noise limit by filtering out power-line interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Nakasone
- Department of Physics, 366 Physics South, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Chris Zavik
- Department of Physics, 366 Physics South, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Erica Liu
- Department of Chemistry, 290 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, 290 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Burhan Ahmed
- Department of Physics, 366 Physics South, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Dana Griffith
- Department of Physics, 366 Physics South, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Lothar Maisenbacher
- Department of Physics, 366 Physics South, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Ashwin Singh
- Department of Physics, 366 Physics South, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Yuecheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, 290 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, 290 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Bianxiao Cui
- Department of Chemistry, 290 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, 290 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Holger Müller
- Department of Physics, 366 Physics South, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
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27
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Han Y, Yang J, Li Y, Chen Y, Ren H, Ding R, Qian W, Ren K, Xie B, Deng M, Xiao Y, Chu J, Zou P. Bright and sensitive red voltage indicators for imaging action potentials in brain slices and pancreatic islets. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi4208. [PMID: 37992174 PMCID: PMC10664999 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi4208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) allow the direct visualization of cellular membrane potential at the millisecond time scale. Among these, red-emitting GEVIs have been reported to support multichannel recordings and manipulation of cellular activities with reduced autofluorescence background. However, the limited sensitivity and dimness of existing red GEVIs have restricted their applications in neuroscience. Here, we report a pair of red-shifted opsin-based GEVIs, Cepheid1b and Cepheid1s, with improved dynamic range, brightness, and photostability. The improved dynamic range is achieved by a rational design to raise the electrochromic Förster resonance energy transfer efficiency, and the higher brightness and photostability are approached with separately engineered red fluorescent proteins. With Cepheid1 indicators, we recorded complex firings and subthreshold activities of neurons on acute brain slices and observed heterogeneity in the voltage‑calcium coupling on pancreatic islets. Overall, Cepheid1 indicators provide a strong tool to investigate excitable cells in various sophisticated biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Han
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junqi Yang
- Peking University–Tsinghua University–National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research (CIBR), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huixia Ren
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ran Ding
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Center for Neural Developmental and Degenerative Research of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Weiran Qian
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Keyuan Ren
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Beichen Xie
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mengying Deng
- Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yinghan Xiao
- Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jun Chu
- Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Peng Zou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking University–Tsinghua University–National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research (CIBR), Beijing 102206, China
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28
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Berndt A, Cai D, Cohen A, Juarez B, Iglesias JT, Xiong H, Qin Z, Tian L, Slesinger PA. Current Status and Future Strategies for Advancing Functional Circuit Mapping In Vivo. J Neurosci 2023; 43:7587-7598. [PMID: 37940594 PMCID: PMC10634581 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1391-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The human brain represents one of the most complex biological systems, containing billions of neurons interconnected through trillions of synapses. Inherent to the brain is a biochemical complexity involving ions, signaling molecules, and peptides that regulate neuronal activity and allow for short- and long-term adaptations. Large-scale and noninvasive imaging techniques, such as fMRI and EEG, have highlighted brain regions involved in specific functions and visualized connections between different brain areas. A major shortcoming, however, is the need for more information on specific cell types and neurotransmitters involved, as well as poor spatial and temporal resolution. Recent technologies have been advanced for neuronal circuit mapping and implemented in behaving model organisms to address this. Here, we highlight strategies for targeting specific neuronal subtypes, identifying, and releasing signaling molecules, controlling gene expression, and monitoring neuronal circuits in real-time in vivo Combined, these approaches allow us to establish direct causal links from genes and molecules to the systems level and ultimately to cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Denise Cai
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhenpeng Qin
- University of Texas-Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Lin Tian
- University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616
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29
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Hayward RF, Brooks FP, Yang S, Gao S, Cohen AE. Diminishing neuronal acidification by channelrhodopsins with low proton conduction. eLife 2023; 12:RP86833. [PMID: 37801078 PMCID: PMC10558203 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many channelrhodopsins are permeable to protons. We found that in neurons, activation of a high-current channelrhodopsin, CheRiff, led to significant acidification, with faster acidification in the dendrites than in the soma. Experiments with patterned optogenetic stimulation in monolayers of HEK cells established that the acidification was due to proton transport through the opsin, rather than through other voltage-dependent channels. We identified and characterized two opsins which showed large photocurrents, but small proton permeability, PsCatCh2.0 and ChR2-3M. PsCatCh2.0 showed excellent response kinetics and was also spectrally compatible with simultaneous voltage imaging with QuasAr6a. Stimulation-evoked acidification is a possible source of disruptions to cell health in scientific and prospective therapeutic applications of optogenetics. Channelrhodopsins with low proton permeability are a promising strategy for avoiding these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Frank Hayward
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
| | - F Phil Brooks
- Department of Chemistry, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
| | - Shang Yang
- Department of Neurophysiology, University of WurzburgWurzburgGermany
| | - Shiqiang Gao
- Department of Neurophysiology, University of WurzburgWurzburgGermany
| | - Adam E Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Physics, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
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30
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Eom M, Han S, Park P, Kim G, Cho ES, Sim J, Lee KH, Kim S, Tian H, Böhm UL, Lowet E, Tseng HA, Choi J, Lucia SE, Ryu SH, Rózsa M, Chang S, Kim P, Han X, Piatkevich KD, Choi M, Kim CH, Cohen AE, Chang JB, Yoon YG. Statistically unbiased prediction enables accurate denoising of voltage imaging data. Nat Methods 2023; 20:1581-1592. [PMID: 37723246 PMCID: PMC10555843 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-02005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Here we report SUPPORT (statistically unbiased prediction utilizing spatiotemporal information in imaging data), a self-supervised learning method for removing Poisson-Gaussian noise in voltage imaging data. SUPPORT is based on the insight that a pixel value in voltage imaging data is highly dependent on its spatiotemporal neighboring pixels, even when its temporally adjacent frames alone do not provide useful information for statistical prediction. Such dependency is captured and used by a convolutional neural network with a spatiotemporal blind spot to accurately denoise voltage imaging data in which the existence of the action potential in a time frame cannot be inferred by the information in other frames. Through simulations and experiments, we show that SUPPORT enables precise denoising of voltage imaging data and other types of microscopy image while preserving the underlying dynamics within the scene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minho Eom
- School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjae Han
- School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Pojeong Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gyuri Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Seo Cho
- School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jueun Sim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Han Lee
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghoon Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - He Tian
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Urs L Böhm
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité University of Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eric Lowet
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hua-An Tseng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jieun Choi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Stephani Edwina Lucia
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Ryu
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Márton Rózsa
- Allen Institute for Neural Dynamics, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sunghoe Chang
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Pilhan Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kiryl D Piatkevich
- Research Center for Industries of the Future and School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Myunghwan Choi
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Adam E Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jae-Byum Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Gyu Yoon
- School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Semiconductor System Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Cai C, Dong C, Friedrich J, Rozsa M, Pnevmatikakis EA, Giovannucci A. FIOLA: an accelerated pipeline for fluorescence imaging online analysis. Nat Methods 2023; 20:1417-1425. [PMID: 37679524 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-01964-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Optical microscopy methods such as calcium and voltage imaging enable fast activity readout of large neuronal populations using light. However, the lack of corresponding advances in online algorithms has slowed progress in retrieving information about neural activity during or shortly after an experiment. This gap not only prevents the execution of real-time closed-loop experiments, but also hampers fast experiment-analysis-theory turnover for high-throughput imaging modalities. Reliable extraction of neural activity from fluorescence imaging frames at speeds compatible with indicator dynamics and imaging modalities poses a challenge. We therefore developed FIOLA, a framework for fluorescence imaging online analysis that extracts neuronal activity from calcium and voltage imaging movies at speeds one order of magnitude faster than state-of-the-art methods. FIOLA exploits algorithms optimized for parallel processing on GPUs and CPUs. We demonstrate reliable and scalable performance of FIOLA on both simulated and real calcium and voltage imaging datasets. Finally, we present an online experimental scenario to provide guidance in setting FIOLA parameters and to highlight the trade-offs of our approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjia Cai
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering UNC/NCSU, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Cynthia Dong
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering UNC/NCSU, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Marton Rozsa
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | | | - Andrea Giovannucci
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering UNC/NCSU, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Closed-Loop Engineering for Advanced Rehabilitation (CLEAR), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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32
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Weber TD, Moya MV, Kılıç K, Mertz J, Economo MN. High-speed multiplane confocal microscopy for voltage imaging in densely labeled neuronal populations. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:1642-1650. [PMID: 37604887 PMCID: PMC11209746 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01408-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) hold immense potential for monitoring neuronal population activity. To date, best-in-class GEVIs rely on one-photon excitation. However, GEVI imaging of dense neuronal populations remains difficult because out-of-focus background fluorescence produces low contrast and excess noise when paired with conventional one-photon widefield imaging methods. To address this challenge, we developed an imaging system capable of efficient, high-contrast GEVI imaging at near-kHz rates and demonstrate it for in vivo and ex vivo imaging applications in the mouse neocortex. Our approach uses simultaneous multiplane imaging to monitor activity within contiguous tissue volumes with no penalty in speed or requirement for high excitation power. This approach, multi-Z imaging with confocal detection (MuZIC), permits high signal-to-noise ratio voltage imaging in densely labeled neuronal populations and is compatible with imaging through micro-optics. Moreover, it minimizes artifacts associated with concurrent imaging and optogenetic photostimulation for all-optical electrophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Weber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria V Moya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kıvılcım Kılıç
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jerome Mertz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael N Economo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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33
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Lowet E, Sheehan DJ, Chialva U, De Oliveira Pena R, Mount RA, Xiao S, Zhou SL, Tseng HA, Gritton H, Shroff S, Kondabolu K, Cheung C, Wang Y, Piatkevich KD, Boyden ES, Mertz J, Hasselmo ME, Rotstein HG, Han X. Theta and gamma rhythmic coding through two spike output modes in the hippocampus during spatial navigation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112906. [PMID: 37540599 PMCID: PMC10530698 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal CA1 neurons generate single spikes and stereotyped bursts of spikes. However, it is unclear how individual neurons dynamically switch between these output modes and whether these two spiking outputs relay distinct information. We performed extracellular recordings in spatially navigating rats and cellular voltage imaging and optogenetics in awake mice. We found that spike bursts are preferentially linked to cellular and network theta rhythms (3-12 Hz) and encode an animal's position via theta phase precession, particularly as animals are entering a place field. In contrast, single spikes exhibit additional coupling to gamma rhythms (30-100 Hz), particularly as animals leave a place field. Biophysical modeling suggests that intracellular properties alone are sufficient to explain the observed input frequency-dependent spike coding. Thus, hippocampal neurons regulate the generation of bursts and single spikes according to frequency-specific network and intracellular dynamics, suggesting that these spiking modes perform distinct computations to support spatial behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Lowet
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Daniel J Sheehan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ulises Chialva
- Departamento de Matemática, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo De Oliveira Pena
- Federated Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology & Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Rebecca A Mount
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sheng Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel L Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hua-An Tseng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Howard Gritton
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Sanaya Shroff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Cyrus Cheung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kiryl D Piatkevich
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Edward S Boyden
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jerome Mertz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael E Hasselmo
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Horacio G Rotstein
- Federated Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology & Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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34
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Meng X, Ganapathy S, van Roemburg L, Post M, Brinks D. Voltage Imaging with Engineered Proton-Pumping Rhodopsins: Insights from the Proton Transfer Pathway. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2023; 3:320-333. [PMID: 37520318 PMCID: PMC10375888 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.3c00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Voltage imaging using genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) has taken the field of neuroscience by storm in the past decade. Its ability to create subcellular and network level readouts of electrical dynamics depends critically on the kinetics of the response to voltage of the indicator used. Engineered microbial rhodopsins form a GEVI subclass known for their high voltage sensitivity and fast response kinetics. Here we review the essential aspects of microbial rhodopsin photocycles that are critical to understanding the mechanisms of voltage sensitivity in these proteins and link them to insights from efforts to create faster, brighter and more sensitive microbial rhodopsin-based GEVIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Meng
- Department
of Imaging Physics, Delft University of
Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, The
Netherlands
| | - Srividya Ganapathy
- Department
of Imaging Physics, Delft University of
Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, The
Netherlands
- Department
of Pediatrics & Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Lars van Roemburg
- Department
of Imaging Physics, Delft University of
Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, The
Netherlands
| | - Marco Post
- Department
of Imaging Physics, Delft University of
Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, The
Netherlands
| | - Daan Brinks
- Department
of Imaging Physics, Delft University of
Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, The
Netherlands
- Department
of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University
Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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35
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Platisa J, Ye X, Ahrens AM, Liu C, Chen IA, Davison IG, Tian L, Pieribone VA, Chen JL. High-speed low-light in vivo two-photon voltage imaging of large neuronal populations. Nat Methods 2023; 20:1095-1103. [PMID: 36973547 PMCID: PMC10894646 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-01820-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring spiking activity across large neuronal populations at behaviorally relevant timescales is critical for understanding neural circuit function. Unlike calcium imaging, voltage imaging requires kilohertz sampling rates that reduce fluorescence detection to near shot-noise levels. High-photon flux excitation can overcome photon-limited shot noise, but photobleaching and photodamage restrict the number and duration of simultaneously imaged neurons. We investigated an alternative approach aimed at low two-photon flux, which is voltage imaging below the shot-noise limit. This framework involved developing positive-going voltage indicators with improved spike detection (SpikeyGi and SpikeyGi2); a two-photon microscope ('SMURF') for kilohertz frame rate imaging across a 0.4 mm × 0.4 mm field of view; and a self-supervised denoising algorithm (DeepVID) for inferring fluorescence from shot-noise-limited signals. Through these combined advances, we achieved simultaneous high-speed deep-tissue imaging of more than 100 densely labeled neurons over 1 hour in awake behaving mice. This demonstrates a scalable approach for voltage imaging across increasing neuronal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Platisa
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- The John B. Pierce Laboratory, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Chang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ian G Davison
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vincent A Pieribone
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- The John B. Pierce Laboratory, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Jerry L Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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36
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Tian H, Davis HC, Wong-Campos JD, Park P, Fan LZ, Gmeiner B, Begum S, Werley CA, Borja GB, Upadhyay H, Shah H, Jacques J, Qi Y, Parot V, Deisseroth K, Cohen AE. Video-based pooled screening yields improved far-red genetically encoded voltage indicators. Nat Methods 2023; 20:1082-1094. [PMID: 36624211 PMCID: PMC10329731 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-022-01743-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Video-based screening of pooled libraries is a powerful approach for directed evolution of biosensors because it enables selection along multiple dimensions simultaneously from large libraries. Here we develop a screening platform, Photopick, which achieves precise phenotype-activated photoselection over a large field of view (2.3 × 2.3 mm, containing >103 cells, per shot). We used the Photopick platform to evolve archaerhodopsin-derived genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) with improved signal-to-noise ratio (QuasAr6a) and kinetics (QuasAr6b). These GEVIs gave improved signals in cultured neurons and in live mouse brains. By combining targeted in vivo optogenetic stimulation with high-precision voltage imaging, we characterized inhibitory synaptic coupling between individual cortical NDNF (neuron-derived neurotrophic factor) interneurons, and excitatory electrical synapses between individual hippocampal parvalbumin neurons. The QuasAr6 GEVIs are powerful tools for all-optical electrophysiology and the Photopick approach could be adapted to evolve a broad range of biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Tian
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hunter C Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J David Wong-Campos
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pojeong Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Linlin Z Fan
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Gmeiner
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shahinoor Begum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yitong Qi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vicente Parot
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MA, USA
| | - Adam E Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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37
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Bowman AJ, Huang C, Schnitzer MJ, Kasevich MA. Wide-field fluorescence lifetime imaging of neuron spiking and subthreshold activity in vivo. Science 2023; 380:1270-1275. [PMID: 37347862 PMCID: PMC10361454 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf9725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of voltage-sensitive fluorescent probes suggests fluorescence lifetime as a promising readout for electrical activity in biological systems. Existing approaches fail to achieve the speed and sensitivity required for voltage imaging in neuroscience applications. We demonstrated that wide-field electro-optic fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (EO-FLIM) allows lifetime imaging at kilohertz frame-acquisition rates, spatially resolving action potential propagation and subthreshold neural activity in live adult Drosophila. Lifetime resolutions of <5 picoseconds at 1 kilohertz were achieved for single-cell voltage recordings. Lifetime readout is limited by photon shot noise, and the method provides strong rejection of motion artifacts and technical noise sources. Recordings revealed local transmembrane depolarizations, two types of spikes with distinct fluorescence lifetimes, and phase locking of spikes to an external mechanical stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Bowman
- Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Cheng Huang
- James H. Clark Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mark J Schnitzer
- James H. Clark Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- CNC Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mark A Kasevich
- Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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38
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Aseyev N, Ivanova V, Balaban P, Nikitin E. Current Practice in Using Voltage Imaging to Record Fast Neuronal Activity: Successful Examples from Invertebrate to Mammalian Studies. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:648. [PMID: 37367013 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The optical imaging of neuronal activity with potentiometric probes has been credited with being able to address key questions in neuroscience via the simultaneous recording of many neurons. This technique, which was pioneered 50 years ago, has allowed researchers to study the dynamics of neural activity, from tiny subthreshold synaptic events in the axon and dendrites at the subcellular level to the fluctuation of field potentials and how they spread across large areas of the brain. Initially, synthetic voltage-sensitive dyes (VSDs) were applied directly to brain tissue via staining, but recent advances in transgenic methods now allow the expression of genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs), specifically in selected neuron types. However, voltage imaging is technically difficult and limited by several methodological constraints that determine its applicability in a given type of experiment. The prevalence of this method is far from being comparable to patch clamp voltage recording or similar routine methods in neuroscience research. There are more than twice as many studies on VSDs as there are on GEVIs. As can be seen from the majority of the papers, most of them are either methodological ones or reviews. However, potentiometric imaging is able to address key questions in neuroscience by recording most or many neurons simultaneously, thus providing unique information that cannot be obtained via other methods. Different types of optical voltage indicators have their advantages and limitations, which we focus on in detail. Here, we summarize the experience of the scientific community in the application of voltage imaging and try to evaluate the contribution of this method to neuroscience research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Aseyev
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova 5A, Moscow 117485, Russia
| | - Violetta Ivanova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova 5A, Moscow 117485, Russia
| | - Pavel Balaban
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova 5A, Moscow 117485, Russia
| | - Evgeny Nikitin
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova 5A, Moscow 117485, Russia
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39
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Baker CM, Gong Y. Identifying properties of pattern completion neurons in a computational model of the visual cortex. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011167. [PMID: 37279242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural ensembles are found throughout the brain and are believed to underlie diverse cognitive functions including memory and perception. Methods to activate ensembles precisely, reliably, and quickly are needed to further study the ensembles' role in cognitive processes. Previous work has found that ensembles in layer 2/3 of the visual cortex (V1) exhibited pattern completion properties: ensembles containing tens of neurons were activated by stimulation of just two neurons. However, methods that identify pattern completion neurons are underdeveloped. In this study, we optimized the selection of pattern completion neurons in simulated ensembles. We developed a computational model that replicated the connectivity patterns and electrophysiological properties of layer 2/3 of mouse V1. We identified ensembles of excitatory model neurons using K-means clustering. We then stimulated pairs of neurons in identified ensembles while tracking the activity of the entire ensemble. Our analysis of ensemble activity quantified a neuron pair's power to activate an ensemble using a novel metric called pattern completion capability (PCC) based on the mean pre-stimulation voltage across the ensemble. We found that PCC was directly correlated with multiple graph theory parameters, such as degree and closeness centrality. To improve selection of pattern completion neurons in vivo, we computed a novel latency metric that was correlated with PCC and could potentially be estimated from modern physiological recordings. Lastly, we found that stimulation of five neurons could reliably activate ensembles. These findings can help researchers identify pattern completion neurons to stimulate in vivo during behavioral studies to control ensemble activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey M Baker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yiyang Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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40
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Whiteley I, Song C, Howe GA, Knöpfel T, Rowlands CJ. DIRECT, a low-cost system for high-speed, low-noise imaging of fluorescent bio-samples. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:2565-2575. [PMID: 37342684 PMCID: PMC10278627 DOI: 10.1364/boe.486507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
A targeted imaging system has been developed for applications requiring recording from stationary samples at high spatiotemporal resolutions. It works by illuminating regions of interest in rapid sequence, and recording the signal from the whole field of view onto a single photodetector. It can be implemented at low cost on an existing microscope without compromising existing functionality. The system is characterized in terms of speed, spatial resolution, and tissue penetration depth, before being used to record individual action potentials from ASAP-3 expressing neurons in an ex vivo mouse brain slice preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Whiteley
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Centre for Neurotechnology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Chenchen Song
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Glenn A. Howe
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas Knöpfel
- Centre for Neurotechnology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Christopher J. Rowlands
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Centre for Neurotechnology, Imperial College London, London, UK
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41
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Ren X, Bok I, Vareberg A, Hai A. Stimulation-mediated reverse engineering of silent neural networks. J Neurophysiol 2023; 129:1505-1514. [PMID: 37222450 PMCID: PMC10311990 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00100.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Reconstructing connectivity of neuronal networks from single-cell activity is essential to understanding brain function, but the challenge of deciphering connections from populations of silent neurons has been largely unmet. We demonstrate a protocol for deriving connectivity of simulated silent neuronal networks using stimulation combined with a supervised learning algorithm, which enables inferring connection weights with high fidelity and predicting spike trains at the single-spike and single-cell levels with high accuracy. We apply our method on rat cortical recordings fed through a circuit of heterogeneously connected leaky integrate-and-fire neurons firing at typical lognormal distributions and demonstrate improved performance during stimulation for multiple subpopulations. These testable predictions about the number and protocol of the required stimulations are expected to enhance future efforts for deriving neuronal connectivity and drive new experiments to better understand brain function.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We introduce a new concept for reverse engineering silent neuronal networks using a supervised learning algorithm combined with stimulation. We quantify the performance of the algorithm and the precision of deriving synaptic weights in inhibitory and excitatory subpopulations. We then show that stimulation enables deciphering connectivity of heterogeneous circuits fed with real electrode array recordings, which could extend in the future to deciphering connectivity in broad biological and artificial neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Ilhan Bok
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Adam Vareberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Aviad Hai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Wisconsin Institute for Translational Neuroengineering (WITNe), Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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42
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Abdelfattah AS, Zheng J, Singh A, Huang YC, Reep D, Tsegaye G, Tsang A, Arthur BJ, Rehorova M, Olson CVL, Shuai Y, Zhang L, Fu TM, Milkie DE, Moya MV, Weber TD, Lemire AL, Baker CA, Falco N, Zheng Q, Grimm JB, Yip MC, Walpita D, Chase M, Campagnola L, Murphy GJ, Wong AM, Forest CR, Mertz J, Economo MN, Turner GC, Koyama M, Lin BJ, Betzig E, Novak O, Lavis LD, Svoboda K, Korff W, Chen TW, Schreiter ER, Hasseman JP, Kolb I. Sensitivity optimization of a rhodopsin-based fluorescent voltage indicator. Neuron 2023; 111:1547-1563.e9. [PMID: 37015225 PMCID: PMC10280807 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The ability to optically image cellular transmembrane voltages at millisecond-timescale resolutions can offer unprecedented insight into the function of living brains in behaving animals. Here, we present a point mutation that increases the sensitivity of Ace2 opsin-based voltage indicators. We use the mutation to develop Voltron2, an improved chemigeneic voltage indicator that has a 65% higher sensitivity to single APs and 3-fold higher sensitivity to subthreshold potentials than Voltron. Voltron2 retained the sub-millisecond kinetics and photostability of its predecessor, although with lower baseline fluorescence. In multiple in vitro and in vivo comparisons with its predecessor across multiple species, we found Voltron2 to be more sensitive to APs and subthreshold fluctuations. Finally, we used Voltron2 to study and evaluate the possible mechanisms of interneuron synchronization in the mouse hippocampus. Overall, we have discovered a generalizable mutation that significantly increases the sensitivity of Ace2 rhodopsin-based sensors, improving their voltage reporting capability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jihong Zheng
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA; GENIE Project Team, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Amrita Singh
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Yi-Chieh Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Daniel Reep
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA; GENIE Project Team, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Getahun Tsegaye
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA; GENIE Project Team, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Arthur Tsang
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA; GENIE Project Team, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Benjamin J Arthur
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Monika Rehorova
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Carl V L Olson
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Yichun Shuai
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Tian-Ming Fu
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Daniel E Milkie
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Maria V Moya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy D Weber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew L Lemire
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | | | - Natalie Falco
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Qinsi Zheng
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Jonathan B Grimm
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Mighten C Yip
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Deepika Walpita
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Allan M Wong
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA; GENIE Project Team, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Craig R Forest
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jerome Mertz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael N Economo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Glenn C Turner
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA; GENIE Project Team, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Minoru Koyama
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Bei-Jung Lin
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eric Betzig
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA; Departments of Molecular and Cell Biology and Physics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ondrej Novak
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Luke D Lavis
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Karel Svoboda
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Wyatt Korff
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA; GENIE Project Team, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Tsai-Wen Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Eric R Schreiter
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA; GENIE Project Team, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA.
| | - Jeremy P Hasseman
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA; GENIE Project Team, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA.
| | - Ilya Kolb
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA; GENIE Project Team, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA.
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43
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Ganapathy S, Meng X, Mossel D, Jagt M, Brinks D. Expanding the family of genetically encoded voltage indicators with a candidate Heliorhodopsin exhibiting near-infrared fluorescence. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104771. [PMID: 37127067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs), particularly those based on microbial rhodopsins, are gaining traction in neuroscience as fluorescent sensors for imaging voltage dynamics with high-spatiotemporal precision. Here we establish a novel GEVI candidate based on the recently discovered subfamily of the microbial rhodopsin clade, termed heliorhodopsins. We discovered that upon excitation at 530-560nm, wild type heliorhodopsin exhibits near infra-red fluorescence which is sensitive to membrane voltage. We characterized the fluorescence brightness, photostability, voltage sensitivity and kinetics of wild type heliorhodopsin in HEK293T cells and further examined the impact of mutating key residues near the retinal chromophore. The S237A mutation significantly improved the fluorescence response of heliorhodopsin by 76% providing a highly promising starting point for further protein evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srividya Ganapathy
- Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics & Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UCSD School of Medicine, San Diego, USA
| | - Xin Meng
- Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Delizzia Mossel
- Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Mels Jagt
- Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Daan Brinks
- Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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44
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Silic MR, Zhang G. Bioelectricity in Developmental Patterning and Size Control: Evidence and Genetically Encoded Tools in the Zebrafish Model. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081148. [PMID: 37190057 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental patterning is essential for regulating cellular events such as axial patterning, segmentation, tissue formation, and organ size determination during embryogenesis. Understanding the patterning mechanisms remains a central challenge and fundamental interest in developmental biology. Ion-channel-regulated bioelectric signals have emerged as a player of the patterning mechanism, which may interact with morphogens. Evidence from multiple model organisms reveals the roles of bioelectricity in embryonic development, regeneration, and cancers. The Zebrafish model is the second most used vertebrate model, next to the mouse model. The zebrafish model has great potential for elucidating the functions of bioelectricity due to many advantages such as external development, transparent early embryogenesis, and tractable genetics. Here, we review genetic evidence from zebrafish mutants with fin-size and pigment changes related to ion channels and bioelectricity. In addition, we review the cell membrane voltage reporting and chemogenetic tools that have already been used or have great potential to be implemented in zebrafish models. Finally, new perspectives and opportunities for bioelectricity research with zebrafish are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin R Silic
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - GuangJun Zhang
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Diseases (PI4D), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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45
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Bergs ACF, Liewald JF, Rodriguez-Rozada S, Liu Q, Wirt C, Bessel A, Zeitzschel N, Durmaz H, Nozownik A, Dill H, Jospin M, Vierock J, Bargmann CI, Hegemann P, Wiegert JS, Gottschalk A. All-optical closed-loop voltage clamp for precise control of muscles and neurons in live animals. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1939. [PMID: 37024493 PMCID: PMC10079764 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37622-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Excitable cells can be stimulated or inhibited by optogenetics. Since optogenetic actuation regimes are often static, neurons and circuits can quickly adapt, allowing perturbation, but not true control. Hence, we established an optogenetic voltage-clamp (OVC). The voltage-indicator QuasAr2 provides information for fast, closed-loop optical feedback to the bidirectional optogenetic actuator BiPOLES. Voltage-dependent fluorescence is held within tight margins, thus clamping the cell to distinct potentials. We established the OVC in muscles and neurons of Caenorhabditis elegans, and transferred it to rat hippocampal neurons in slice culture. Fluorescence signals were calibrated to electrically measured potentials, and wavelengths to currents, enabling to determine optical I/V-relationships. The OVC reports on homeostatically altered cellular physiology in mutants and on Ca2+-channel properties, and can dynamically clamp spiking in C. elegans. Combining non-invasive imaging with control capabilities of electrophysiology, the OVC facilitates high-throughput, contact-less electrophysiology in individual cells and paves the way for true optogenetic control in behaving animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie C F Bergs
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jana F Liewald
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Silvia Rodriguez-Rozada
- Research Group Synaptic Wiring and Information Processing, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Qiang Liu
- Lulu and Anthony Wang Laboratory of Neural Circuits and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christin Wirt
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Artur Bessel
- Independent Researcher, Melatener Strasse 93, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nadja Zeitzschel
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hilal Durmaz
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Adrianna Nozownik
- Research Group Synaptic Wiring and Information Processing, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Holger Dill
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Maëlle Jospin
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Johannes Vierock
- Institute for Biology, Experimental Biophysics, Humboldt University, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia I Bargmann
- Lulu and Anthony Wang Laboratory of Neural Circuits and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Peter Hegemann
- Institute for Biology, Experimental Biophysics, Humboldt University, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Simon Wiegert
- Research Group Synaptic Wiring and Information Processing, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Strasse 13-17, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alexander Gottschalk
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany.
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany.
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46
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Chen S, Yang Q, Lim S. Efficient inference of synaptic plasticity rule with Gaussian process regression. iScience 2023; 26:106182. [PMID: 36879810 PMCID: PMC9985048 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Finding the form of synaptic plasticity is critical to understanding its functions underlying learning and memory. We investigated an efficient method to infer synaptic plasticity rules in various experimental settings. We considered biologically plausible models fitting a wide range of in-vitro studies and examined the recovery of their firing-rate dependence from sparse and noisy data. Among the methods assuming low-rankness or smoothness of plasticity rules, Gaussian process regression (GPR), a nonparametric Bayesian approach, performs the best. Under the conditions measuring changes in synaptic weights directly or measuring changes in neural activities as indirect observables of synaptic plasticity, which leads to different inference problems, GPR performs well. Also, GPR could simultaneously recover multiple plasticity rules and robustly perform under various plasticity rules and noise levels. Such flexibility and efficiency, particularly at the low sampling regime, make GPR suitable for recent experimental developments and inferring a broader class of plasticity models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirui Chen
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Lewis Hall 201, Box 353925, Seattle, WA 98195-3925, USA
- Neural Science, New York University Shanghai, 1555 Century Avenue, Shanghai, 200122, China
| | - Qixin Yang
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University, The Suzanne and Charles Goodman Brain Sciences Building, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
- Neural Science, New York University Shanghai, 1555 Century Avenue, Shanghai, 200122, China
| | - Sukbin Lim
- Neural Science, New York University Shanghai, 1555 Century Avenue, Shanghai, 200122, China
- NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science at NYU Shanghai, 3663 Zhongshan Road North, Shanghai, 200062, China
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47
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Kawanishi S, Kojima K, Shibukawa A, Sakamoto M, Sudo Y. Detection of Membrane Potential-Dependent Rhodopsin Fluorescence Using Low-Intensity Light Emitting Diode for Long-Term Imaging. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:4826-4834. [PMID: 36777568 PMCID: PMC9910066 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microbial rhodopsin is a family of photoreceptive membrane proteins that commonly consist of a seven-transmembrane domain and a derivative of vitamin-A, retinal, as a chromophore. In 2011, archaeorhodopsin-3 (AR3) was shown to exhibit voltage-dependent fluorescence changes in mammalian cells. Since then, AR3 and its variants have been used as genetically encoded voltage indicators, in which mostly intense laser stimulation (1-1000 W/cm2) is used for the detection of dim fluorescence of rhodopsin, leading to high spatiotemporal resolution. However, intense laser stimulation potentially causes serious cell damage, particularly during long-term imaging over minutes. In this study, we present the successful detection of voltage-sensitive fluorescence of AR3 and its high fluorescence mutant Archon1 in a variety of mammalian cell lines using low-intensity light emitting diode stimulation (0.15 W/cm2) with long exposure time (500 ms). The detection system enables real-time imaging of drug-induced slow changes in voltage within the cells for minutes harmlessly and without fluorescence bleaching. Therefore, we demonstrate a method to quantitatively understand the dynamics of slow changes in membrane voltage on long time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Kawanishi
- Graduate
School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kojima
- Graduate
School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Faculty
of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shibukawa
- Graduate
School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sakamoto
- Department
of Optical Neural and Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yuki Sudo
- Graduate
School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Faculty
of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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48
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Fan LZ, Kim DK, Jennings JH, Tian H, Wang PY, Ramakrishnan C, Randles S, Sun Y, Thadhani E, Kim YS, Quirin S, Giocomo L, Cohen AE, Deisseroth K. All-optical physiology resolves a synaptic basis for behavioral timescale plasticity. Cell 2023; 186:543-559.e19. [PMID: 36669484 PMCID: PMC10327443 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Learning has been associated with modifications of synaptic and circuit properties, but the precise changes storing information in mammals have remained largely unclear. We combined genetically targeted voltage imaging with targeted optogenetic activation and silencing of pre- and post-synaptic neurons to study the mechanisms underlying hippocampal behavioral timescale plasticity. In mice navigating a virtual-reality environment, targeted optogenetic activation of individual CA1 cells at specific places induced stable representations of these places in the targeted cells. Optical elicitation, recording, and modulation of synaptic transmission in behaving mice revealed that activity in presynaptic CA2/3 cells was required for the induction of plasticity in CA1 and, furthermore, that during induction of these place fields in single CA1 cells, synaptic input from CA2/3 onto these same cells was potentiated. These results reveal synaptic implementation of hippocampal behavioral timescale plasticity and define a methodology to resolve synaptic plasticity during learning and memory in behaving mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Z Fan
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Doo Kyung Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joshua H Jennings
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - He Tian
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peter Y Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Sawyer Randles
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yanjun Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Elina Thadhani
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yoon Seok Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sean Quirin
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Giocomo
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Adam E Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.
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49
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Reconstruction of sparse recurrent connectivity and inputs from the nonlinear dynamics of neuronal networks. J Comput Neurosci 2023; 51:43-58. [PMID: 35849304 DOI: 10.1007/s10827-022-00831-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Reconstructing the recurrent structural connectivity of neuronal networks is a challenge crucial to address in characterizing neuronal computations. While directly measuring the detailed connectivity structure is generally prohibitive for large networks, we develop a novel framework for reverse-engineering large-scale recurrent network connectivity matrices from neuronal dynamics by utilizing the widespread sparsity of neuronal connections. We derive a linear input-output mapping that underlies the irregular dynamics of a model network composed of both excitatory and inhibitory integrate-and-fire neurons with pulse coupling, thereby relating network inputs to evoked neuronal activity. Using this embedded mapping and experimentally feasible measurements of the firing rate as well as voltage dynamics in response to a relatively small ensemble of random input stimuli, we efficiently reconstruct the recurrent network connectivity via compressive sensing techniques. Through analogous analysis, we then recover high dimensional natural stimuli from evoked neuronal network dynamics over a short time horizon. This work provides a generalizable methodology for rapidly recovering sparse neuronal network data and underlines the natural role of sparsity in facilitating the efficient encoding of network data in neuronal dynamics.
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50
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Day-Cooney J, Dalangin R, Zhong H, Mao T. Genetically encoded fluorescent sensors for imaging neuronal dynamics in vivo. J Neurochem 2023; 164:284-308. [PMID: 35285522 PMCID: PMC11322610 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The brain relies on many forms of dynamic activities in individual neurons, from synaptic transmission to electrical activity and intracellular signaling events. Monitoring these neuronal activities with high spatiotemporal resolution in the context of animal behavior is a necessary step to achieve a mechanistic understanding of brain function. With the rapid development and dissemination of highly optimized genetically encoded fluorescent sensors, a growing number of brain activities can now be visualized in vivo. To date, cellular calcium imaging, which has been largely used as a proxy for electrical activity, has become a mainstay in systems neuroscience. While challenges remain, voltage imaging of neural populations is now possible. In addition, it is becoming increasingly practical to image over half a dozen neurotransmitters, as well as certain intracellular signaling and metabolic activities. These new capabilities enable neuroscientists to test previously unattainable hypotheses and questions. This review summarizes recent progress in the development and delivery of genetically encoded fluorescent sensors, and highlights example applications in the context of in vivo imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Day-Cooney
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Rochelin Dalangin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Haining Zhong
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Tianyi Mao
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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