1
|
Du Z, Lin M, Li Q, Guo D, Xue Y, Liu W, Shi H, Chen T, Dan J. The totipotent 2C-like state safeguards genomic stability of mouse embryonic stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38860420 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) sporadically transition to a transient totipotent state that resembles blastomeres of the two-cell (2C) embryo stage, which has been proposed to contribute to exceptional genomic stability, one of the key features of mESCs. However, the biological significance of the rare population of 2C-like cells (2CLCs) in ESC cultures remains to be tested. Here we generated an inducible reporter cell system for specific elimination of 2CLCs from the ESC cultures to disrupt the equilibrium between ESCs and 2CLCs. We show that removing 2CLCs from the ESC cultures leads to dramatic accumulation of DNA damage, genomic mutations, and rearrangements, indicating impaired genomic instability. Furthermore, 2CLCs removal results in increased apoptosis and reduced proliferation of mESCs in both serum/LIF and 2i/LIF culture conditions. Unexpectedly, p53 deficiency results in defective response to DNA damage, leading to early accumulation of DNA damage, micronuclei, indicative of genomic instability, cell apoptosis, and reduced self-renewal capacity of ESCs when devoid of 2CLCs in cultures. Together, our data reveal that transition to the privileged 2C-like state is a major component of the intrinsic mechanisms that maintain the exceptional genomic stability of mESCs for long-term self-renewal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeling Du
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, China
| | - Meiqi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, China
| | - Qiaohua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, China
| | - Dan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, China
| | - Yanna Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, China
| | - Hong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, China
| | - Taiping Chen
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Programs in Genetics and Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jiameng Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ng YB, Akincilar SC. Shaping DNA damage responses: Therapeutic potential of targeting telomeric proteins and DNA repair factors in cancer. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2024; 76:102460. [PMID: 38776747 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2024.102460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Shelterin proteins regulate genomic stability by preventing inappropriate DNA damage responses (DDRs) at telomeres. Unprotected telomeres lead to persistent DDR causing cell cycle inhibition, growth arrest, and apoptosis. Cancer cells rely on DDR to protect themselves from DNA lesions and exogenous DNA-damaging agents such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Therefore, targeting DDR machinery is a promising strategy to increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to existing cancer therapies. However, the success of these DDR inhibitors depends on other mutations, and over time, patients develop resistance to these therapies. This suggests the need for alternative approaches. One promising strategy is co-inhibiting shelterin proteins with DDR molecules, which would offset cellular fitness in DNA repair in a mutation-independent manner. This review highlights the associations and dependencies of the shelterin complex with the DDR proteins and discusses potential co-inhibition strategies that might improve the therapeutic potential of current inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bin Ng
- Laboratory of NFκB Signalling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Semih Can Akincilar
- Laboratory of NFκB Signalling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ji Y, Chen W, Wang X. Bromodomain and Extraterminal Domain Protein 2 in Multiple Human Diseases. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 389:277-288. [PMID: 38565308 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.002036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain and extraterminal domain protein 2 (BRD2), a member of the bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) protein family, is a crucial epigenetic regulator with significant function in various diseases and cellular processes. The central function of BRD2 is modulating gene transcription by binding to acetylated lysine residues on histones and transcription factors. This review highlights key findings on BRD2 in recent years, emphasizing its roles in maintaining genomic stability, influencing chromatin spatial organization, and participating in transcriptional regulation. BRD2's diverse functions are underscored by its involvement in diseases such as malignant tumors, neurologic disorders, inflammatory conditions, metabolic diseases, and virus infection. Notably, the potential role of BRD2 as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target is discussed in the context of various diseases. Although pan inhibitors targeting the BET family have shown promise in preclinical studies, a critical need exists for the development of highly selective BRD2 inhibitors. In conclusion, this review offers insights into the multifaceted nature of BRD2 and calls for continued research to unravel its intricate mechanisms and harness its therapeutic potential. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: BRD2 is involved in the occurrence and development of diseases through maintaining genomic stability, influencing chromatin spatial organization, and participating in transcriptional regulation. Targeting BRD2 through protein degradation-targeting complexes technology is emerging as a promising therapeutic approach for malignant cancer and inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yikang Ji
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology
| | - Wantao Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu G, Zeng Z, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Wang M, Xiao Q, Li J, Xie X, He S, Fu H, Liu Y, Yang Z, Chen Y, Shi J, Wang B, Qiu H, Zhou Q, Liu Y, Chen S. The novel TERF2::PDGFRB fusion gene enhances tumorigenesis via PDGFRB/STAT5 signalling pathways and sensitivity to TKI in ph-like ALL. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18114. [PMID: 38323741 PMCID: PMC10844707 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with Philadelphia chromosome-like acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (Ph-like ALL) often face a grim prognosis, with PDGFRB gene fusions being commonly detected in this subgroup. Our study has unveiled a newfound fusion gene, TERF2::PDGFRB, and we have found that patients carrying this fusion gene exhibit sensitivity to dasatinib. Ba/F3 cells harbouring the TERF2::PDGFRB fusion display IL-3-independent cell proliferation through activation of the p-PDGFRB and p-STAT5 signalling pathways. These cells exhibit reduced apoptosis and demonstrate sensitivity to imatinib in vitro. When transfused into mice, Ba/F3 cells with the TERF2::PDGFRB fusion gene induce tumorigenesis and a shortened lifespan in cell-derived graft models, but this outcome can be improved with imatinib treatment. In summary, we have identified the novel TERF2::PDGFRB fusion gene, which exhibits oncogenic potential both in vitro and in vivo, making it a potential therapeutic target for tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo‐fa Xu
- Department of HematologyChongqing University FuLing Hospital, Chongqing, Central Laboratory, Chongqing University FuLing HospitalChongqingChina
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Institute of Blood and Marrow TransplantationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- Department of Hematology‐OncologyChongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Zhao Zeng
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Institute of Blood and Marrow TransplantationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Zhi‐bo Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Institute of Blood and Marrow TransplantationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Xiao‐mei Zhang
- Department of Hematology‐OncologyChongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Man Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Institute of Blood and Marrow TransplantationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Qing Xiao
- Department of Hematology‐OncologyChongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Hematology‐OncologyChongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Xiao‐qing Xie
- Department of Hematology‐OncologyChongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Sanxiu He
- Department of Hematology‐OncologyChongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Hui‐hui Fu
- Department of Hematology‐OncologyChongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Hematology‐OncologyChongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Zai‐liang Yang
- Department of HematologyChongqing University FuLing Hospital, Chongqing, Central Laboratory, Chongqing University FuLing HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of HematologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical CollegeWuhuChina
| | - Jie Shi
- Department of HematologyAffiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian UniversityDalianChina
| | - Biao Wang
- Department of HematologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (The First People's Hospital of Changzhou)ChangzhouChina
| | - Hui‐ying Qiu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Institute of Blood and Marrow TransplantationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of HematologyChongqing University FuLing Hospital, Chongqing, Central Laboratory, Chongqing University FuLing HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Hematology‐OncologyChongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Su‐ning Chen
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Institute of Blood and Marrow TransplantationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lu X, Liu L. Genome stability from the perspective of telomere length. Trends Genet 2024; 40:175-186. [PMID: 37957036 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2023.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres and their associated proteins protect the ends of chromosomes to maintain genome stability. Telomeres undergo progressive shortening with each cell division in mammalian somatic cells without telomerase, resulting in genome instability. When telomeres reach a critically short length or are recognized as a damage signal, cells enter a state of senescence, followed by cell cycle arrest, programmed cell death, or immortalization. This review provides an overview of recent advances in the intricate relationship between telomeres and genome instability. Alongside well-established mechanisms such as chromosomal fusion and telomere fusion, we will delve into the perspective on genome stability by examining the role of retrotransposons. Retrotransposons represent an emerging pathway to regulate genome stability through their interactions with telomeres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, Tianjin 300350, China; Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, Tianjin 300071, China; Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hou J, Yun Y, Jeon B, Baek J, Kim S. Ginsenoside F1-Mediated Telomere Preservation Delays Cellular Senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14241. [PMID: 37762556 PMCID: PMC10531559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres play pivotal roles in processes closely related to somatic senescence and aging, making them a compelling target for interventions aimed at combating aging and age-related pathologies. Ginsenoside, a natural compound, has emerged as a potential remedy for promoting healthy aging, yet how it protects telomeres remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that treatment of F1 can effectively restore the level of TRF2, thereby preserving telomere integrity. This restoration leads to inhibition of the DNA damage response and improvements in mitochondrial function and, ultimately, delays in cellular senescence. Conversely, depletion of TRF2 causes mitochondrial dysfunction, accompanied by increased oxidative stress, autophagy inhibition, insufficient energy metabolism, and the onset of cellular senescence. These observations underscore the critical role of TRF2 in maintaining telomere integrity and direct association with the initiation of cellular senescence. We conduct a further analysis, suggesting F1 could bind in proximity to the TRF2 heterodimer interface, potentially enhancing dimerization stability. These findings suggest that F1 may be a promising natural remedy for anti-aging, and restoring TRF2 could potentially prevent telomere-dependent diseases commonly associated with the aging process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingang Hou
- Intelligent Synthetic Biology Center, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (J.H.); (B.J.); (J.B.)
| | - Yeejin Yun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea;
| | - Byeongmin Jeon
- Intelligent Synthetic Biology Center, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (J.H.); (B.J.); (J.B.)
| | - Jongin Baek
- Intelligent Synthetic Biology Center, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (J.H.); (B.J.); (J.B.)
| | - Sunchang Kim
- Intelligent Synthetic Biology Center, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (J.H.); (B.J.); (J.B.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jiang F, Wang L, Dong Y, Nie W, Zhou H, Gao J, Zheng P. DPPA5A suppresses the mutagenic TLS and MMEJ pathways by modulating the cryptic splicing of Rev1 and Polq in mouse embryonic stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2305187120. [PMID: 37459543 PMCID: PMC10372678 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305187120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic alterations are often acquired during prolonged propagation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). This ruins the stem cell quality and hampers their full applications. Understanding how PSCs maintain genomic integrity would provide the clues to overcome the hurdle. It has been known that embryonic stem cells (ESCs) utilize high-fidelity pathways to ensure genomic stability, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive. Here, we show that many DNA damage response and repair genes display differential alternative splicing in mouse ESCs compared to differentiated cells. Particularly, Rev1 and Polq, two key genes for mutagenic translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) and microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) repair pathways, respectively, display a significantly higher rate of cryptic exon (CE) inclusion in ESCs. The frequent CE inclusion disrupts the normal protein expressions of REV1 and POLθ, thereby suppressing the mutagenic TLS and MMEJ. Further, we identify an ESC-specific RNA binding protein DPPA5A which stimulates the CE inclusion in Rev1 and Polq. Depletion of DPPA5A in mouse ESCs decreased the CE inclusion of Rev1 and Polq, induced the protein expression, and stimulated the TLS and MMEJ activity. Enforced expression of DPPA5A in NIH3T3 cells displayed reverse effects. Mechanistically, we found that DPPA5A directly regulated CE splicing of Rev1. DPPA5A associates with U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein of the spliceosome and binds to the GA-rich motif in the CE of Rev1 to promote CE inclusion. Thus, our study uncovers a mechanism to suppress mutagenic TLS and MMEJ pathways in ESCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangjie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan650223, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing101408, China
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University,Kunming650101, China
| | - Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan650223, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan650223, China
| | - Yuping Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan650223, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing101408, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan650223, China
| | - Wenhui Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan650223, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Receptor Research of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Receptor Research of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan650223, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan650223, China
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Kunming Institute of Zoology Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan650223, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Awwad SW, Serrano-Benitez A, Thomas JC, Gupta V, Jackson SP. Revolutionizing DNA repair research and cancer therapy with CRISPR-Cas screens. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:477-494. [PMID: 36781955 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00571-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
All organisms possess molecular mechanisms that govern DNA repair and associated DNA damage response (DDR) processes. Owing to their relevance to human disease, most notably cancer, these mechanisms have been studied extensively, yet new DNA repair and/or DDR factors and functional interactions between them are still being uncovered. The emergence of CRISPR technologies and CRISPR-based genetic screens has enabled genome-scale analyses of gene-gene and gene-drug interactions, thereby providing new insights into cellular processes in distinct DDR-deficiency genetic backgrounds and conditions. In this Review, we discuss the mechanistic basis of CRISPR-Cas genetic screening approaches and describe how they have contributed to our understanding of DNA repair and DDR pathways. We discuss how DNA repair pathways are regulated, and identify and characterize crosstalk between them. We also highlight the impacts of CRISPR-based studies in identifying novel strategies for cancer therapy, and in understanding, overcoming and even exploiting cancer-drug resistance, for example in the contexts of PARP inhibition, homologous recombination deficiencies and/or replication stress. Lastly, we present the DDR CRISPR screen (DDRcs) portal , in which we have collected and reanalysed data from CRISPR screen studies and provide a tool for systematically exploring them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samah W Awwad
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Almudena Serrano-Benitez
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - John C Thomas
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Vipul Gupta
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen P Jackson
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhao N, Yin G, Liu C, Zhang W, Shen Y, Wang D, Lin Z, Yang J, Mao J, Guo R, Zhang Y, Wang F, Liu Z, Lu X, Liu L. Critically short telomeres derepress retrotransposons to promote genome instability in embryonic stem cells. Cell Discov 2023; 9:45. [PMID: 37130870 PMCID: PMC10154409 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-023-00538-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres, at the ends of chromosomes, protect chromosomes from fusion and preserve genomic stability. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying telomere attrition-induced genome instability remain to be understood. We systematically analyzed the expression of retrotransposons and performed genomic sequencing of different cell and tissue types with telomeres of varying lengths due to telomerase deficiency. We found that critically short telomeres altered retrotransposon activity to promote genomic instability in mouse embryonic stem cells, as evidenced by elevated numbers of single nucleotide variants, indels and copy number variations (CNVs). Transpositions of retrotransposons such as LINE1 resulting from the short telomeres can also be found in these genomes with elevated number of mutations and CNVs. Retrotransposon activation is linked to increased chromatin accessibility, and reduced heterochromatin abundance correlates with short telomeres. Re-elongation of telomeres upon recovery of telomerase partly represses retrotransposons and heterochromatin accumulation. Together, our findings suggest a potential mechanism by which telomeres maintain genomic stability by suppressing chromatin accessibility and retrotransposon activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guoxing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dan Wang
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Immunology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenzhen Lin
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Immunology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Renpeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongwang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Immunology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xinyi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
A non-genetic switch triggers alternative telomere lengthening and cellular immortalization in ATRX deficient cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:939. [PMID: 36805596 PMCID: PMC9941109 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36294-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT) is an aberrant DNA recombination pathway which grants replicative immortality to approximately 10% of all cancers. Despite this high prevalence of ALT in cancer, the mechanism and genetics by which cells activate this pathway remain incompletely understood. A major challenge in dissecting the events that initiate ALT is the extremely low frequency of ALT induction in human cell systems. Guided by the genetic lesions that have been associated with ALT from cancer sequencing studies, we genetically engineered primary human pluripotent stem cells to deterministically induce ALT upon differentiation. Using this genetically defined system, we demonstrate that disruption of the p53 and Rb pathways in combination with ATRX loss-of-function is sufficient to induce all hallmarks of ALT and results in functional immortalization in a cell type-specific manner. We further demonstrate that ALT can be induced in the presence of telomerase, is neither dependent on telomere shortening nor crisis, but is rather driven by continuous telomere instability triggered by the induction of differentiation in ATRX-deficient stem cells.
Collapse
|
11
|
Sun H, Chen G, Guo B, Lv S, Yuan G. Potential clinical treatment prospects behind the molecular mechanism of alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). J Cancer 2023; 14:417-433. [PMID: 36860927 PMCID: PMC9969575 DOI: 10.7150/jca.80097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal somatic cells inevitably experience replicative stress and senescence during proliferation. Somatic cell carcinogenesis can be prevented in part by limiting the reproduction of damaged or old cells and removing them from the cell cycle [1, 2]. However, Cancer cells must overcome the issues of replication pressure and senescence as well as preserve telomere length in order to achieve immortality, in contrast to normal somatic cells [1, 2]. Although telomerase accounts for the bulk of telomere lengthening methods in human cancer cells, there is a non-negligible portion of telomere lengthening pathways that depend on alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) [3]. For the selection of novel possible therapeutic targets for ALT-related disorders, a thorough understanding of the molecular biology of these diseases is crucial [4]. The roles of ALT, typical ALT tumor cell traits, the pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms of ALT tumor disorders, such as adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), are all summarized in this work. Additionally, this research compiles as many of its hypothetically viable but unproven treatment targets as it can (ALT-associated PML bodies (APB), etc.). This review is intended to contribute as much as possible to the development of research, while also trying to provide a partial information for prospective investigations on ALT pathways and associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haolu Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, China
| | - Guijuan Chen
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Vocational and Technical College, Hefei, 230011, China
| | - Baochang Guo
- Rehabilitation Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 969 Hospital of the Joint Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Shushu Lv
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Guojun Yuan
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Vocational and Technical College, Hefei, 230011, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang W, Tang M, Wang L, Zhou H, Gao J, Chen Z, Zhao B, Zheng P. Lnc956-TRIM28-HSP90B1 complex on replication forks promotes CMG helicase retention to ensure stem cell genomic stability and embryogenesis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf6277. [PMID: 36706191 PMCID: PMC9882984 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf6277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Replication stress is a major source of endogenous DNA damage. Despite the identification of numerous proteins on replication forks to modulate fork or replication machinery activities, it remains unexplored whether noncoding RNAs can localize on stalled forks and play critical regulatory roles. Here, we identify an uncharacterized long noncoding RNA NONMMUT028956 (Lnc956 for short) predominantly expressed in mouse embryonic stem cells. Lnc956 is accumulated on replication forks to prevent fork collapse and preserve genomic stability and is essential for mouse embryogenesis. Mechanistically, it drives assembly of the Lnc956-TRIM28-HSP90B1 complex on stalled forks in an interdependent manner downstream of ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) signaling. Lnc956-TRIM28-HSP90B1 complex physically associates with minichromosome maintenance proteins 2 (MCM2) to minichromosome maintenance proteins 7 (MCM7) hexamer via TRIM28 and directly regulates the CDC45-MCM-GINS (CMG) helicase retention on chromatin. The regulation of Lnc956-TRIM28-HSP90B1 on CMG retention is mediated by HSP90B1's chaperoning function. These findings reveal a player that actively regulates replisome retention to prevent fork collapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weidao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Min Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhongliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell Translational Research (Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- National Joint Local Engineering Laboratory for Cell Engineering and Biomedicine Technique, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ma H, Ning Y, Wang L, Zhang W, Zheng P. Lnc956 regulates mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation in response to DNA damage in a p53-independent pathway. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade9742. [PMID: 36662856 PMCID: PMC9858519 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade9742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining genomic stability is crucial for embryonic stem cells (ESCs). ESCs with unrepaired DNA damage are eliminated through differentiation and apoptosis. To date, only tumor suppressor p53 is known to be implicated in this quality control process. Here, we identified a p53-independent quality control factor lncRNA NONMMUT028956 (Lnc956 for short) in mouse ESCs. Lnc956 is prevalently expressed in ESCs and regulates the differentiation of ESCs after DNA damage. Mechanistically, Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) activation drives m6A methylation of Lnc956, which promotes its interaction with Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4). Lnc956-KLF4 association sequestrates the KLF4 protein and prevents KLF4's transcriptional regulation on pluripotency. This posttranslational mechanism favors the rapid shutdown of the regulatory circuitry of pluripotency. Thus, ATM signaling in ESCs can activate two pathways mediated by p53 and Lnc956, respectively, which act together to ensure robust differentiation and apoptosis in response to unrepaired DNA damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaixiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Yuqi Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Weidao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vinayagamurthy S, Bagri S, Mergny JL, Chowdhury S. Telomeres expand sphere of influence: emerging molecular impact of telomeres in non-telomeric functions. Trends Genet 2023; 39:59-73. [PMID: 36404192 PMCID: PMC7614491 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although the impact of telomeres on physiology stands well established, a question remains: how do telomeres impact cellular functions at a molecular level? This is because current understanding limits the influence of telomeres to adjacent subtelomeric regions despite the wide-ranging impact of telomeres. Emerging work in two distinct aspects offers opportunities to bridge this gap. First, telomere-binding factors were found with non-telomeric functions. Second, locally induced DNA secondary structures called G-quadruplexes are notably abundant in telomeres, and gene regulatory regions genome wide. Many telomeric factors bind to G-quadruplexes for non-telomeric functions. Here we discuss a more general model of how telomeres impact the non-telomeric genome - through factors that associate at telomeres and genome wide - and influence cell-intrinsic functions, particularly aging, cancer, and pluripotency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soujanya Vinayagamurthy
- Integrative and Functional Biology Unit, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sulochana Bagri
- Integrative and Functional Biology Unit, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Jean-Louis Mergny
- Institute of Biophysics of the CAS, v.v.i. Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Shantanu Chowdhury
- Integrative and Functional Biology Unit, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; GNR Knowledge Centre for Genome and Informatics, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mavinga M, Palmier M, Rémy M, Jeannière C, Lenoir S, Rey S, Saint-Marc M, Alonso F, Génot E, Thébaud N, Chevret E, Mournetas V, Rousseau B, Boiziau C, Boeuf H. The Journey of SCAPs (Stem Cells from Apical Papilla), from Their Native Tissue to Grafting: Impact of Oxygen Concentration. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244098. [PMID: 36552862 PMCID: PMC9776846 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering strategies aim at characterizing and at optimizing the cellular component that is combined with biomaterials, for improved tissue regeneration. Here, we present the immunoMap of apical papilla, the native tissue from which SCAPs are derived. We characterized stem cell niches that correspond to a minority population of cells expressing Mesenchymal stromal/Stem Cell (CD90, CD105, CD146) and stemness (SSEA4 and CD49f) markers as well as endothelial cell markers (VWF, CD31). Based on the colocalization of TKS5 and cortactin markers, we detected migration-associated organelles, podosomes-like structures, in specific regions and, for the first time, in association with stem cell niches in normal tissue. From six healthy teenager volunteers, each with two teeth, we derived twelve cell banks, isolated and amplified under 21 or 3% O2. We confirmed a proliferative advantage of all banks when cultured under 3% versus 21% O2. Interestingly, telomerase activity was similar to that of the highly proliferative hiPSC cell line, but unrelated to O2 concentration. Finally, SCAPs embedded in a thixotropic hydrogel and implanted subcutaneously in immunodeficient mice were protected from cell death with a slightly greater advantage for cells preconditioned at 3% O2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marine Mavinga
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BIOTIS, U1026, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Murielle Rémy
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BIOTIS, U1026, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Solène Lenoir
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BIOTIS, U1026, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sylvie Rey
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BIOTIS, U1026, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Florian Alonso
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BIOTIS, U1026, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Elisabeth Génot
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BIOTIS, U1026, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Noélie Thébaud
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BIOTIS, U1026, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Edith Chevret
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BRIC, U1312, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Benoit Rousseau
- Univ. Bordeaux, Animal Facility A2, Service Commun des Animaleries, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Helene Boeuf
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BIOTIS, U1026, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lupatov AY, Yarygin KN. Telomeres and Telomerase in the Control of Stem Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102335. [PMID: 36289597 PMCID: PMC9598777 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells serve as a source of cellular material in embryogenesis and postnatal growth and regeneration. This requires significant proliferative potential ensured by sufficient telomere length. Telomere attrition in the stem cells and their niche cells can result in the exhaustion of the regenerative potential of high-turnover organs, causing or contributing to the onset of age-related diseases. In this review, stem cells are examined in the context of the current telomere-centric theory of cell aging, which assumes that telomere shortening depends not just on the number of cell doublings (mitotic clock) but also on the influence of various internal and external factors. The influence of the telomerase and telomere length on the functional activity of different stem cell types, as well as on their aging and prospects of use in cell therapy applications, is discussed.
Collapse
|
17
|
The landscape of aging. SCIENCE CHINA LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:2354-2454. [PMID: 36066811 PMCID: PMC9446657 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2161-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a progressive deterioration of physiological integrity, leading to impaired functional ability and ultimately increased susceptibility to death. It is a major risk factor for chronic human diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, neurological degeneration, and cancer. Therefore, the growing emphasis on “healthy aging” raises a series of important questions in life and social sciences. In recent years, there has been unprecedented progress in aging research, particularly the discovery that the rate of aging is at least partly controlled by evolutionarily conserved genetic pathways and biological processes. In an attempt to bring full-fledged understanding to both the aging process and age-associated diseases, we review the descriptive, conceptual, and interventive aspects of the landscape of aging composed of a number of layers at the cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organismal levels.
Collapse
|
18
|
Yu EY, Cheung NKV, Lue NF. Connecting telomere maintenance and regulation to the developmental origin and differentiation states of neuroblastoma tumor cells. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:117. [PMID: 36030273 PMCID: PMC9420296 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01337-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A cardinal feature that distinguishes clinically high-risk neuroblastoma from low-risk tumors is telomere maintenance. Specifically, neuroblastoma tumors with either active telomerase or alternative lengthening of telomeres exhibit aggressive growth characteristics that lead to poor outcomes, whereas tumors without telomere maintenance can be managed with observation or minimal treatment. Even though the need for cancer cells to maintain telomere DNA-in order to sustain cell proliferation-is well established, recent studies suggest that the neural crest origin of neuroblastoma may enforce unique relationships between telomeres and tumor malignancy. Specifically in neuroblastoma, telomere structure and telomerase activity are correlated with the adrenergic/mesenchymal differentiation states, and manipulating telomerase activity can trigger tumor cell differentiation. Both findings may reflect features of normal neural crest development. This review summarizes recent advances in the characterization of telomere structure and telomere maintenance mechanisms in neuroblastoma and discusses the findings in the context of relevant literature on telomeres during embryonic and neural development. Understanding the canonical and non-canonical roles of telomere maintenance in neuroblastoma could reveal vulnerabilities for telomere-directed therapies with potential applications to other pediatric malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Yu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, W. R. Hearst Microbiology Research Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Nai-Kong V Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Neal F Lue
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, W. R. Hearst Microbiology Research Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
The number of (TTAGGG)n repeats at the ends of chromosomes is highly variable between individual chromosomes, between different cells and between species. Progressive loss of telomere repeats limits the proliferation of pre-malignant human cells but also contributes to aging by inducing apoptosis and senescence in normal cells. Despite enormous progress in understanding distinct pathways that result in loss and gain of telomeric DNA in different cell types, many questions remain. Further studies are needed to delineate the role of damage to telomeric DNA, replication errors, chromatin structure, liquid-liquid phase transition, telomeric transcripts (TERRA) and secondary DNA structures such as guanine quadruplex structures, R-loops and T-loops in inducing gains and losses of telomere repeats in different cell types. Limitations of current telomere length measurements techniques and differences in telomere biology between species and different cell types complicate generalizations about the role of telomeres in aging and cancer. Here some of the factors regulating the telomere length in embryonic and adult cells in mammals are discussed from a mechanistic and evolutionary perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lansdorp
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia (BC) Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Peter Lansdorp,
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Robinson H, Ali SI, Diaz-Hernandez ME, Lopez-Gonzalez R. Telomere Attrition in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons From ALS/FTD-Related C9ORF72 Repeat Expansion Carriers. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:874323. [PMID: 35769259 PMCID: PMC9234284 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.874323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The GGGGCC (G4C2) repeat expansion in C9ORF72 is the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Dysregulated DNA damage response and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been postulated as major drivers of toxicity in C9ORF72 pathogenesis. Telomeres are tandem-repeated nucleotide sequences that are located at the end of chromosomes and protect them from degradation. Interestingly, it has been established that telomeres are sensitive to ROS. Here, we analyzed telomere length in neurons and neural progenitor cells from several induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from control subjects and C9ORF72 repeat expansion carriers. We found an age-dependent decrease in telomere length in two-month-old iPSC-derived motor neurons from C9ORF72 carriers as compared to control subjects and a dysregulation in the protein levels of shelterin complex members TRF2 and POT1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Robinson
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Sk Imran Ali
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Martha Elena Diaz-Hernandez
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Rodrigo Lopez-Gonzalez
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Current understanding of genomic stability maintenancein pluripotent stem cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:858-863. [PMID: 35713312 PMCID: PMC9828662 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are able to generate all cell types in the body and have wide applications in basic research and cell-based regenerative medicine. Maintaining stable genome in culture is the first priority for stem cell application in clinics. In addition, genomic instability in PSCs can cause developmental failure or abnormalities. Understanding how PSCs maintain genome stability is of critical importance. Due to their fundamental role in organism development, PSCs must maintain superior stable genome than differentiated cells. However, the underlying mechanisms are far from clear. Very limited studies suggest that PSCs utilize specific strategies and regulators to robustly improve genome stability. In this review, we summarize the current understandings of the unique properties of genome stability maintenance in PSCs.
Collapse
|
22
|
Lei T, Du S, Peng Z, Chen L. Multifaceted regulation and functions of 53BP1 in NHEJ‑mediated DSB repair (Review). Int J Mol Med 2022; 50:90. [PMID: 35583003 PMCID: PMC9162042 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is crucial for the preservation of genomic integrity and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Non-homologous DNA end joining (NHEJ) is the predominant repair mechanism for any type of DNA DSB during the majority of the cell cycle. NHEJ defects regulate tumor sensitivity to ionizing radiation and anti-neoplastic agents, resulting in immunodeficiencies and developmental abnormalities in malignant cells. p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) is a key mediator involved in DSB repair, which functions to maintain a balance in the repair pathway choices and in preserving genomic stability. 53BP1 promotes DSB repair via NHEJ and antagonizes DNA end overhang resection. At present, novel lines of evidence have revealed the molecular mechanisms underlying the recruitment of 53BP1 and DNA break-responsive effectors to DSB sites, and the promotion of NHEJ-mediated DSB repair via 53BP1, while preventing homologous recombination. In the present review article, recent advances made in the elucidation of the structural and functional characteristics of 53BP1, the mechanisms of 53BP1 recruitment and interaction with the reshaping of the chromatin architecture around DSB sites, the post-transcriptional modifications of 53BP1, and the up- and downstream pathways of 53BP1 are discussed. The present review article also focuses on the application perspectives, current challenges and future directions of 53BP1 research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Lei
- Department of Pharmacy, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, P.R. China
| | - Suya Du
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, P.R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Diabetic oxidative stress-induced telomere damage aggravates periodontal bone loss in periodontitis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 614:22-28. [PMID: 35567940 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis, one of the most common oral complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), causes a reduction in alveolar bone height and loss of alveolar bone mass. It has been shown that DM aggravates the progression of periodontitis, but the mechanism remains inconclusive. The hyperglycemic environment of DM has been proven to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Since telomeres, guanine-rich repeats, are highly susceptible to oxidative attack, we speculate that the excessive accumulation of ROS in DM could induce telomere damage resulting in dysfunction of periodontal ligament cells, especially periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), which reduces the ability of tissue repair and reconstruction in diabetic periodontitis. In this study, our current data revealed that oxidative telomere damage occurred in the periodontal ligaments of diabetic mice. And Micro-CT scans showed reduced alveolar bone height and impaired alveolar bone mass in a diabetic periodontitis model. Next, cultured mouse PDLSCs (mPDLSCs) were treated with the oxidant tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) in vitro, as we expected telomere damage was observed and resulted in cellular senescence and dysfunction. Taken together, oxidative stress in DM causes telomere dysfunction and PDLSCs senescence, which influences periodontal bone tissue regeneration and reconstruction and ultimately exacerbates bone loss in periodontitis.
Collapse
|
24
|
Barry RM, Sacco O, Mameri A, Stojaspal M, Kartsonis W, Shah P, De Ioannes P, Hofr C, Côté J, Sfeir A. Rap1 regulates TIP60 function during fate transition between two-cell-like and pluripotent states. Genes Dev 2022; 36:313-330. [PMID: 35210222 PMCID: PMC8973845 DOI: 10.1101/gad.349039.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, the conserved telomere binding protein Rap1 serves a diverse set of nontelomeric functions, including activation of the NF-kB signaling pathway, maintenance of metabolic function in vivo, and transcriptional regulation. Here, we uncover the mechanism by which Rap1 modulates gene expression. Using a separation-of-function allele, we show that Rap1 transcriptional regulation is largely independent of TRF2-mediated binding to telomeres and does not involve direct binding to genomic loci. Instead, Rap1 interacts with the TIP60/p400 complex and modulates its histone acetyltransferase activity. Notably, we show that deletion of Rap1 in mouse embryonic stem cells increases the fraction of two-cell-like cells. Specifically, Rap1 enhances the repressive activity of Tip60/p400 across a subset of two-cell-stage genes, including Zscan4 and the endogenous retrovirus MERVL. Preferential up-regulation of genes proximal to MERVL elements in Rap1-deficient settings implicates these endogenous retroviral elements in the derepression of proximal genes. Altogether, our study reveals an unprecedented link between Rap1 and the TIP60/p400 complex in the regulation of pluripotency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Mario Barry
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.,Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Olivia Sacco
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Amel Mameri
- St-Patrick Research Group in Basic Oncology; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center-Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Martin Stojaspal
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.,LifeB, Functional Genomics and Proteomics, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - William Kartsonis
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Pooja Shah
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Pablo De Ioannes
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Ctirad Hofr
- LifeB, Functional Genomics and Proteomics, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Scientific Incubator, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jacques Côté
- St-Patrick Research Group in Basic Oncology; CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center-Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Agnel Sfeir
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Telomeres, aging, and cancer: the big picture. Blood 2022; 139:813-821. [PMID: 35142846 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of telomeres in human health and disease is yet to be fully understood. The limitations of mouse models for the study of human telomere biology and difficulties in accurately measuring the length of telomere repeats in chromosomes and cells have diverted attention from many important and relevant observations. The goal of this perspective is to summarize some of these observations and to discuss the antagonistic role of telomere loss in aging and cancer in the context of developmental biology, cell turnover, and evolution. It is proposed that both damage to DNA and replicative loss of telomeric DNA contribute to aging in humans, with the differences in leukocyte telomere length between humans being linked to the risk of developing specific diseases. These ideas are captured in the Telomere Erosion in Disposable Soma theory of aging proposed herein.
Collapse
|
26
|
Dan J, Zhou Z, Wang F, Wang H, Guo R, Keefe DL, Liu L. Zscan4 Contributes to Telomere Maintenance in Telomerase-Deficient Late Generation Mouse ESCs and Human ALT Cancer Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030456. [PMID: 35159266 PMCID: PMC8834411 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper telomere length is essential for indefinite self-renewal of embryonic stem (ES) cells and cancer cells. Telomerase-deficient late generation mouse ES cells and human ALT cancer cells are able to propagate for numerous passages, suggesting telomerase-independent mechanisms responding for telomere maintenance. However, the underlying mechanisms ensuring the telomere length maintenance are unclear. Here, using late generation telomerase KO (G4 Terc-/-) ESCs as a model, we show that Zscan4, highly upregulated in G4 Terc-/- ESCs, is responsible for the prolonged culture of these cells with stably short telomeres. Mechanistically, G4 Terc-/- ESCs showed reduced levels of DNA methylation and H3K9me3 at Zscan4 promoter and subtelomeres, which relieved the expression of Zscan4. Similarly, human ZSCAN4 was also derepressed by reduced H3K9me3 at its promoter in ALT U2 OS cells, and depletion of ZSCAN4 significantly shortened telomeres. Our results define a similar conserved pathway contributing to the telomere maintenance in telomerase-deficient late generation mESCs and human ALT U2OS cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiameng Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (Z.Z.); (H.W.); (R.G.)
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
- Correspondence: (J.D.); (L.L.)
| | - Zhongcheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (Z.Z.); (H.W.); (R.G.)
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; (F.W.); (D.L.K.)
| | - Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (Z.Z.); (H.W.); (R.G.)
| | - Renpeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (Z.Z.); (H.W.); (R.G.)
| | - David L. Keefe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; (F.W.); (D.L.K.)
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (Z.Z.); (H.W.); (R.G.)
- Correspondence: (J.D.); (L.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Stem cells at odds with telomere maintenance and protection. Trends Cell Biol 2022; 32:527-536. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
28
|
Ying Y, Hu X, Han P, Mendez-Bermudez A, Bauwens S, Eid R, Tan L, Pousse M, Giraud-Panis MJ, Lu Y, Gilson E, Ye J. OUP accepted manuscript. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:2081-2095. [PMID: 35150283 PMCID: PMC8887477 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The shelterin protein complex is required for telomere protection in various eukaryotic organisms. In mammals, the shelterin subunit TRF2 is specialized in preventing ATM activation at telomeres and chromosome end fusion in somatic cells. Here, we demonstrate that the zebrafish ortholog of TRF2 (encoded by the terfa gene) is protecting against unwanted ATM activation genome-wide. The terfa-compromised fish develop a prominent and specific embryonic neurodevelopmental failure. The heterozygous fish survive to adulthood but exhibit a premature aging phenotype. The recovery from embryonic neurodevelopmental failure requires both ATM inhibition and transcriptional complementation of neural genes. Furthermore, restoring the expression of TRF2 in glial cells rescues the embryonic neurodevelopment phenotype. These results indicate that the shelterin subunit TRF2 evolved in zebrafish as a general factor of genome maintenance and transcriptional regulation that is required for proper neurodevelopment and normal aging. These findings uncover how TRF2 links development to aging by separate functions in gene expression regulation and genome stability control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aaron Mendez-Bermudez
- Department of Geriatrics, Medical center on Aging of Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University school of Medicine; International Laboratory in Hematology and Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine/Ruijin Hospital/CNRS/Inserm/Côte d’Azur University, PR China
- Côte d’Azur University, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, Faculty of Medicine Nice, France
| | - Serge Bauwens
- Côte d’Azur University, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, Faculty of Medicine Nice, France
| | - Rita Eid
- Côte d’Azur University, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, Faculty of Medicine Nice, France
| | - Li Tan
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, PR China
| | - Mélanie Pousse
- Côte d’Azur University, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, Faculty of Medicine Nice, France
| | | | - Yiming Lu
- Department of Geriatrics, Medical center on Aging of Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University school of Medicine; International Laboratory in Hematology and Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine/Ruijin Hospital/CNRS/Inserm/Côte d’Azur University, PR China
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Pôle Sino-Français de Recherche en Sciences Du Vivant et Génomique, China
| | - Eric Gilson
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Eric Gilson. Tel: +33 04 93 95 77 07; Fax: +33 04 93 95 77 08;
| | - Jing Ye
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +86 6437 0045 61 1110; Fax: +86 6437 0045 61 1105;
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
De Rosa M, Johnson SA, Opresko PL. Roles for the 8-Oxoguanine DNA Repair System in Protecting Telomeres From Oxidative Stress. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:758402. [PMID: 34869348 PMCID: PMC8640134 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.758402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are protective nucleoprotein structures that cap linear chromosome ends and safeguard genome stability. Progressive telomere shortening at each somatic cell division eventually leads to critically short and dysfunctional telomeres, which can contribute to either cellular senescence and aging, or tumorigenesis. Human reproductive cells, some stem cells, and most cancer cells, express the enzyme telomerase to restore telomeric DNA. Numerous studies have shown that oxidative stress caused by excess reactive oxygen species is associated with accelerated telomere shortening and dysfunction. Telomeric repeat sequences are remarkably susceptible to oxidative damage and are preferred sites for the production of the mutagenic base lesion 8-oxoguanine, which can alter telomere length homeostasis and integrity. Therefore, knowledge of the repair pathways involved in the processing of 8-oxoguanine at telomeres is important for advancing understanding of the pathogenesis of degenerative diseases and cancer associated with telomere instability. The highly conserved guanine oxidation (GO) system involves three specialized enzymes that initiate distinct pathways to specifically mitigate the adverse effects of 8-oxoguanine. Here we introduce the GO system and review the studies focused on investigating how telomeric 8-oxoguanine processing affects telomere integrity and overall genome stability. We also discuss newly developed technologies that target oxidative damage selectively to telomeres to investigate roles for the GO system in telomere stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariarosaria De Rosa
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Samuel A Johnson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Patricia L Opresko
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Victor J, Deutsch J, Whitaker A, Lamkin EN, March A, Zhou P, Botten JW, Chatterjee N. SARS-CoV-2 triggers DNA damage response in Vero E6 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 579:141-145. [PMID: 34600299 PMCID: PMC8440005 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus responsible for the current COVID-19 pandemic and has now infected more than 200 million people with more than 4 million deaths globally. Recent data suggest that symptoms and general malaise may continue long after the infection has ended in recovered patients, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 infection has profound consequences in the host cells. Here we report that SARS-CoV-2 infection can trigger a DNA damage response (DDR) in African green monkey kidney cells (Vero E6). We observed a transcriptional upregulation of the Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related protein (ATR) in infected cells. In addition, we observed enhanced phosphorylation of CHK1, a downstream effector of the ATR DNA damage response, as well as H2AX. Strikingly, SARS-CoV-2 infection lowered the expression of TRF2 shelterin-protein complex, and reduced telomere lengths in infected Vero E6 cells. Thus, our observations suggest SARS-CoV-2 may have pathological consequences to host cells beyond evoking an immunopathogenic immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Victor
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Jamie Deutsch
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Annalis Whitaker
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Erica N Lamkin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Anthony March
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Pei Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Jason W Botten
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA; Division of Immunobiology, Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Nimrat Chatterjee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA; Division of Immunobiology, Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA; University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lee L, Perez Oliva AB, Martinez-Balsalobre E, Churikov D, Peter J, Rahmouni D, Audoly G, Azzoni V, Audebert S, Camoin L, Mulero V, Cayuela ML, Kulathu Y, Geli V, Lachaud C. UFMylation of MRE11 is essential for telomere length maintenance and hematopoietic stem cell survival. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabc7371. [PMID: 34559557 PMCID: PMC8462904 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc7371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (UFM1) is involved in neural and erythroid development, yet its biological roles in these processes are unknown. Here, we generated zebrafish models deficient in Ufm1 and Ufl1 that exhibited telomere shortening associated with developmental delay, impaired hematopoiesis and premature aging. We further report that HeLa cells lacking UFL1 have instability of telomeres replicated by leading-strand synthesis. We uncover that MRE11 UFMylation is necessary for the recruitment of the phosphatase PP1-α leading to dephosphorylation of NBS1. In the absence of UFMylation, NBS1 remains phosphorylated, thereby reducing MRN recruitment to telomeres. The absence of MRN at telomeres favors the formation of the TRF2-Apollo/SNM1 complex consistent with the loss of leading telomeres. These results suggest that MRE11-UFMylation may serve as module to recruit PP1-α. Last, zebrafish expressing Mre11 that cannot be UFMylated phenocopy Ufm1-deficient zebrafish, demonstrating that UFMylation of MRE11 is a previously undescribed evolutionarily conserved mechanisms regulating telomere length.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Lee
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Ana Belen Perez Oliva
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Murcia, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Martinez-Balsalobre
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Murcia, Spain
| | - Dmitri Churikov
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Joshua Peter
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation & Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Dalicya Rahmouni
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Gilles Audoly
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Violette Azzoni
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Stephane Audebert
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Luc Camoin
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Victoriano Mulero
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Murcia, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria L. Cayuela
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Murcia, Spain
| | - Yogesh Kulathu
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation & Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Vincent Geli
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Lachaud
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang L, Li J, Zhou H, Zhang W, Gao J, Zheng P. A novel lncRNA Discn fine-tunes replication protein A (RPA) availability to promote genomic stability. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5572. [PMID: 34552092 PMCID: PMC8458541 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25827-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RPA is a master regulator of DNA metabolism and RPA availability acts as a rate-limiting factor. While numerous studies focused on the post-translational regulations of RPA for its functions, little is known regarding how RPA availability is controlled. Here we identify a novel lncRNA Discn as the guardian of RPA availability in stem cells. Discn is induced upon genotoxic stress and binds to neucleolin (NCL) in the nucleolus. This prevents NCL from translocation into nucleoplasm and avoids undesirable NCL-mediated RPA sequestration. Thus, Discn-NCL-RPA pathway preserves a sufficient RPA pool for DNA replication stress response and repair. Discn loss causes massive genome instability in mouse embryonic stem cells and neural stem/progenigor cells. Mice depleted of Discn display newborn death and brain dysfunctions due to DNA damage accumulation and associated inflammatory reactions. Our findings uncover a key regulator of DNA metabolism and provide new clue to understand the chemoresistance in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Jingzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Weidao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China.
- KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China.
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Olbrich T, Vega-Sendino M, Tillo D, Wu W, Zolnerowich N, Pavani R, Tran AD, Domingo CN, Franco M, Markiewicz-Potoczny M, Pegoraro G, FitzGerald PC, Kruhlak MJ, Lazzerini-Denchi E, Nora EP, Nussenzweig A, Ruiz S. CTCF is a barrier for 2C-like reprogramming. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4856. [PMID: 34381034 PMCID: PMC8358036 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25072-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Totipotent cells have the ability to generate embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues. Interestingly, a rare population of cells with totipotent-like potential, known as 2 cell (2C)-like cells, has been identified within ESC cultures. They arise from ESC and display similar features to those found in the 2C embryo. However, the molecular determinants of 2C-like conversion have not been completely elucidated. Here, we show that the CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) is a barrier for 2C-like reprogramming. Indeed, forced conversion to a 2C-like state by the transcription factor DUX is associated with DNA damage at a subset of CTCF binding sites. Depletion of CTCF in ESC efficiently promotes spontaneous and asynchronous conversion to a 2C-like state and is reversible upon restoration of CTCF levels. This phenotypic reprogramming is specific to pluripotent cells as neural progenitor cells do not show 2C-like conversion upon CTCF-depletion. Furthermore, we show that transcriptional activation of the ZSCAN4 cluster is necessary for successful 2C-like reprogramming. In summary, we reveal an unexpected relationship between CTCF and 2C-like reprogramming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Olbrich
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Wei Wu
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Raphael Pavani
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andy D Tran
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Mariajose Franco
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Gianluca Pegoraro
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Michael J Kruhlak
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Elphege P Nora
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Sergio Ruiz
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Multifunctionality of the Telomere-Capping Shelterin Complex Explained by Variations in Its Protein Composition. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071753. [PMID: 34359923 PMCID: PMC8305809 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Protecting telomere from the DNA damage response is essential to avoid the entry into cellular senescence and organismal aging. The progressive telomere DNA shortening in dividing somatic cells, programmed during development, leads to critically short telomeres that trigger replicative senescence and thereby contribute to aging. In several organisms, including mammals, telomeres are protected by a protein complex named Shelterin that counteract at various levels the DNA damage response at chromosome ends through the specific function of each of its subunits. The changes in Shelterin structure and function during development and aging is thus an intense area of research. Here, we review our knowledge on the existence of several Shelterin subcomplexes and the functional independence between them. This leads us to discuss the possibility that the multifunctionality of the Shelterin complex is determined by the formation of different subcomplexes whose composition may change during aging.
Collapse
|
35
|
Fu H, Zhang W, Li N, Yang J, Ye X, Tian C, Lu X, Liu L. Elevated retrotransposon activity and genomic instability in primed pluripotent stem cells. Genome Biol 2021; 22:201. [PMID: 34243810 PMCID: PMC8268579 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02417-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Naïve and primed pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) represent two different pluripotent states. Primed PSCs following in vitro culture exhibit lower developmental potency as evidenced by failure in germline chimera assays, unlike mouse naïve PSCs. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the lower developmental competency of primed PSCs remain elusive. RESULTS We examine the regulation of telomere maintenance, retrotransposon activity, and genomic stability of primed PSCs and compare them with naïve PSCs. Surprisingly, primed PSCs only minimally maintain telomeres and show fragile telomeres, associated with declined DNA recombination and repair activity, in contrast to naïve PSCs that robustly elongate telomeres. Also, we identify LINE1 family integrant L1Md_T as naïve-specific retrotransposon and ERVK family integrant IAPEz to define primed PSCs, and their transcription is differentially regulated by heterochromatic histones and Dnmt3b. Notably, genomic instability of primed PSCs is increased, in association with aberrant retrotransposon activity. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that fragile telomere, retrotransposon-associated genomic instability, and declined DNA recombination repair, together with reduced function of cell cycle and mitochondria, increased apoptosis, and differentiation properties may link to compromised developmental potency of primed PSCs, noticeably distinguishable from naïve PSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Niannian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoying Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenglei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Novo CL. A Tale of Two States: Pluripotency Regulation of Telomeres. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:703466. [PMID: 34307383 PMCID: PMC8300013 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.703466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inside the nucleus, chromatin is functionally organized and maintained as a complex three-dimensional network of structures with different accessibility such as compartments, lamina associated domains, and membraneless bodies. Chromatin is epigenetically and transcriptionally regulated by an intricate and dynamic interplay of molecular processes to ensure genome stability. Phase separation, a process that involves the spontaneous organization of a solution into separate phases, has been proposed as a mechanism for the timely coordination of several cellular processes, including replication, transcription and DNA repair. Telomeres, the repetitive structures at the end of chromosomes, are epigenetically maintained in a repressed heterochromatic state that prevents their recognition as double-strand breaks (DSB), avoiding DNA damage repair and ensuring cell proliferation. In pluripotent embryonic stem cells, telomeres adopt a non-canonical, relaxed epigenetic state, which is characterized by a low density of histone methylation and expression of telomere non-coding transcripts (TERRA). Intriguingly, this telomere non-canonical conformation is usually associated with chromosome instability and aneuploidy in somatic cells, raising the question of how genome stability is maintained in a pluripotent background. In this review, we will explore how emerging technological and conceptual developments in 3D genome architecture can provide novel mechanistic perspectives for the pluripotent epigenetic paradox at telomeres. In particular, as RNA drives the formation of LLPS, we will consider how pluripotency-associated high levels of TERRA could drive and coordinate phase separation of several nuclear processes to ensure genome stability. These conceptual advances will provide a better understanding of telomere regulation and genome stability within the highly dynamic pluripotent background.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Lopes Novo
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Vessoni AT, Zhang T, Quinet A, Jeong HC, Munroe M, Wood M, Tedone E, Vindigni A, Shay JW, Greenberg RA, Batista LF. Telomere erosion in human pluripotent stem cells leads to ATR-mediated mitotic catastrophe. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:211982. [PMID: 33851958 PMCID: PMC8050844 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202011014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that short telomeres activate an ATM-driven DNA damage response that leads to senescence in terminally differentiated cells. However, technical limitations have hampered our understanding of how telomere shortening is signaled in human stem cells. Here, we show that telomere attrition induces ssDNA accumulation (G-strand) at telomeres in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), but not in their differentiated progeny. This led to a unique role for ATR in the response of hPSCs to telomere shortening that culminated in an extended S/G2 cell cycle phase and a longer period of mitosis, which was associated with aneuploidy and mitotic catastrophe. Loss of p53 increased resistance to death, at the expense of increased mitotic abnormalities in hPSCs. Taken together, our data reveal an unexpected dominant role of ATR in hPSCs, combined with unique cell cycle abnormalities and, ultimately, consequences distinct from those observed in their isogenic differentiated counterparts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tianpeng Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Annabel Quinet
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Ho-Chang Jeong
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Michael Munroe
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Matthew Wood
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Enzo Tedone
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | | | - Jerry W. Shay
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Roger A. Greenberg
- Department of Cancer Biology, Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Luis F.Z. Batista
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
- Correspondence to Luis F.Z. Batista:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Verma P, Greenberg RA. Communication between chromatin and homologous recombination. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2021; 71:1-9. [PMID: 34098484 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Higher-order chromatin packing serves as a structural barrier to the recognition and repair of genomic lesions. The initiation and outcome of the repair response is dictated by a highly coordinated yet complex interplay between chromatin modifying enzymes and their cognate readers, damage induced chemical modifications, nucleosome density, transcriptional state, and cell cycle-dependent availability of DNA repair machinery. The physical and chemical properties of the DNA lesions themselves further regulate the nature of ensuing chromatin responses. Here we review recent discoveries across these various contexts, where chromatin regulates the homology-guided double-strand break repair mechanism, homologous recombination, and also highlight the key knowledge gaps vital to generate a holistic understanding of this process and its contributions to genome integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Verma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Basser Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Roger A Greenberg
- Department of Cancer Biology, Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Basser Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
In this perspective, we introduce shelterin and the mechanisms of ATM activation and NHEJ at telomeres, before discussing the following questions: How are t-loops proposed to protect chromosome ends and what is the evidence for this model? Can other models explain how TRF2 mediates end protection? Could t-loops be pathological structures? How is end protection achieved in pluripotent cells? What do the insights into telomere end protection in pluripotent cells mean for the t-loop model of end protection? Why might different cell states have evolved different mechanisms of end protection? Finally, we offer support for an updated t-loop model of end protection, suggesting that the data is supportive of a critical role for t-loops in protecting chromosome ends from NHEJ and ATM activation, but that other mechanisms are involved. Finally, we propose that t-loops are likely dynamic, rather than static, structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phil Ruis
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|