1
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Dutta R, Cabral DGA, Lyu N, Vu NP, Wang Y, Allen B, Dan X, Cortiñas RG, Khazaei P, Schäfer M, Albornoz ACCD, Smart SE, Nie S, Devoret MH, Mazziotti DA, Narang P, Wang C, Whitfield JD, Wilson AK, Hendrickson HP, Lidar DA, Pérez-Bernal F, Santos LF, Kais S, Geva E, Batista VS. Simulating Chemistry on Bosonic Quantum Devices. J Chem Theory Comput 2024. [PMID: 39068594 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Bosonic quantum devices offer a novel approach to realize quantum computations, where the quantum two-level system (qubit) is replaced with the quantum (an)harmonic oscillator (qumode) as the fundamental building block of the quantum simulator. The simulation of chemical structure and dynamics can then be achieved by representing or mapping the system Hamiltonians in terms of bosonic operators. In this Perspective, we review recent progress and future potential of using bosonic quantum devices for addressing a wide range of challenging chemical problems, including the calculation of molecular vibronic spectra, the simulation of gas-phase and solution-phase adiabatic and nonadiabatic chemical dynamics, the efficient solution of molecular graph theory problems, and the calculations of electronic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishab Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Delmar G A Cabral
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Ningyi Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Nam P Vu
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania 18042, United States
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics, and Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Brandon Allen
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Xiaohan Dan
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Rodrigo G Cortiñas
- Department of Applied Physics and Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Pouya Khazaei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Max Schäfer
- Department of Applied Physics and Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Alejandro C C D Albornoz
- Department of Applied Physics and Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Scott E Smart
- Division of Physical Sciences, College of Letters and Science and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Scott Nie
- Division of Physical Sciences, College of Letters and Science and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Michel H Devoret
- Department of Applied Physics and Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - David A Mazziotti
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Prineha Narang
- Division of Physical Sciences, College of Letters and Science and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts - Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - James D Whitfield
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 01003, United States
| | - Angela K Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48864, United States
| | - Heidi P Hendrickson
- Department of Chemistry, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania 18042, United States
| | - Daniel A Lidar
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics & Astronomy, and Center for Quantum Information Science & Technology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Francisco Pérez-Bernal
- Departamento de Ciencias Integradas y Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Física, Matemáticas y Computación, Universidad de Huelva, Huelva 21071, Spain
- Instituto Carlos I de Física Teórica y Computacional, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Lea F Santos
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Sabre Kais
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics, and Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Eitan Geva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Victor S Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
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2
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Hangleiter D, Gullans MJ. Bell Sampling from Quantum Circuits. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:020601. [PMID: 39073933 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.020601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
A central challenge in the verification of quantum computers is benchmarking their performance as a whole and demonstrating their computational capabilities. In this Letter, we find a universal model of quantum computation, Bell sampling, that can be used for both of those tasks and thus provides an ideal stepping stone toward fault tolerance. In Bell sampling, we measure two copies of a state prepared by a quantum circuit in the transversal Bell basis. We show that the Bell samples are classically intractable to produce and at the same time constitute what we call a "circuit shadow": from the Bell samples we can efficiently extract information about the quantum circuit preparing the state, as well as diagnose circuit errors. In addition to known properties that can be efficiently extracted from Bell samples, we give several new and efficient protocols: an estimator of state fidelity, an error-mitigated estimator of Pauli expectation values, a test for the depth of a circuit, and an algorithm to estimate a lower bound on the number of T gates in the circuit. With some additional measurements, the latter algorithm can be used to learn a full description of states prepared by circuits with low T count.
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3
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Koh JM, Tai T, Lee CH. Realization of higher-order topological lattices on a quantum computer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5807. [PMID: 38987264 PMCID: PMC11237062 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49648-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Programmable quantum simulators may one day outperform classical computers at certain tasks. But at present, the range of viable applications with noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices remains limited by gate errors and the number of high-quality qubits. Here, we develop an approach that places digital NISQ hardware as a versatile platform for simulating multi-dimensional condensed matter systems. Our method encodes a high-dimensional lattice in terms of many-body interactions on a reduced-dimension model, thereby taking full advantage of the exponentially large Hilbert space of the host quantum system. With circuit optimization and error mitigation techniques, we measured on IBM superconducting quantum processors the topological state dynamics and protected mid-gap spectra of higher-order topological lattices, in up to four dimensions, with high accuracy. Our projected resource requirements scale favorably with system size and lattice dimensionality compared to classical computation, suggesting a possible route to useful quantum advantage in the longer term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ming Koh
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- A*STAR Quantum Innovation Centre (Q.InC), Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore, 138632, Republic of Singapore
| | - Tommy Tai
- Department of Physics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117542, Singapore
| | - Ching Hua Lee
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117542, Singapore.
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4
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Castaldo D, Rosa M, Corni S. Fast-forwarding molecular ground state preparation with optimal control on analog quantum simulators. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:014105. [PMID: 38949276 DOI: 10.1063/5.0204618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
We show that optimal control of the electron dynamics is able to prepare molecular ground states, within chemical accuracy, with evolution times approaching the bounds imposed by quantum mechanics. We propose a specific parameterization of the molecular evolution only in terms of interaction already present in the molecular Hamiltonian. Thus, the proposed method solely utilizes quantum simulation routines, retaining their favorable scalings. Due to the intimate relationships between variational quantum algorithms and optimal control, we compare, when possible, our results with state-of-the-art methods in the literature. We found that the number of parameters needed to reach chemical accuracy and algorithmic scaling is in line with compact adaptive strategies to build variational Ansätze. The algorithm, which is also suitable for quantum simulators, is implemented by emulating a digital quantum processor (up to 16 qubits) and tested on different molecules and geometries spanning different degrees of electron correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Castaldo
- Università degli Studi di Padova, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Rosa
- Università degli Studi di Padova, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Corni
- Università degli Studi di Padova, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Padua Quantum Technologies Research Center, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
- Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy
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5
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Ehrhardt M, Dittel C, Heinrich M, Szameit A. Topological Hong-Ou-Mandel interference. Science 2024; 384:1340-1344. [PMID: 38900876 DOI: 10.1126/science.ado8192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The interplay of topology and optics provides a route to pursue robust photonic devices, with the application to photonic quantum computation in its infancy. However, the possibilities of harnessing topological structures to process quantum information with linear optics, through the quantum interference of photons, remain largely uncharted. Here, we present a Hong-Ou-Mandel interference effect of topological origin. We show that this interference of photon pairs-ranging from constructive to destructive-is solely determined by a synthetic magnetic flux, rendering it resilient to errors on a fundamental level. Our implementation establishes a quantized flux that facilitates exclusively destructive quantum interference. Our findings pave the way toward the development of next-generation photonic quantum circuitry and scalable quantum computing protected by virtue of topologically robust quantum gates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Ehrhardt
- University of Rostock, Institute of Physics, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Dittel
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- EUCOR Centre for Quantum Science and Quantum Computing, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Heinrich
- University of Rostock, Institute of Physics, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Szameit
- University of Rostock, Institute of Physics, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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6
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Geng Z, Chen Y, Jiang Y, Xia Y, Song J. Engineering dynamical photon blockade with Liouville exceptional points. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:3026-3029. [PMID: 38824319 DOI: 10.1364/ol.523210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
We investigate the dynamical blockade in a nonlinear cavity and demonstrate the connection between the correlation function g(2)(t) and system parameters in the entire nonlinear region. Utilizing the Liouville exceptional points (LEPs) and quantum dynamics, a near-perfect single-photon blockade (1PB) can be achieved. By fine-tuning system parameters to approach the second-order LEP (LEP2), we improved single-photon statistics in both weak and strong nonlinearity regimes, including a significant reduction of g(2)(t) and a pronounced increase in the single-photon occupation number. In the strong nonlinearity region, the maximum photon population may correspond to stronger antibunching effect. Simultaneously, the time window and period of blockade can be controlled by selecting detuning based on the LEP2. Furthermore, the 1PB exhibits robustness against parameter fluctuations, and this feature can be generalized to systems for implementing single-photon sources with nonharmonic energy levels.
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7
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Guo SA, Wu YK, Ye J, Zhang L, Lian WQ, Yao R, Wang Y, Yan RY, Yi YJ, Xu YL, Li BW, Hou YH, Xu YZ, Guo WX, Zhang C, Qi BX, Zhou ZC, He L, Duan LM. A site-resolved two-dimensional quantum simulator with hundreds of trapped ions. Nature 2024; 630:613-618. [PMID: 38811737 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07459-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
A large qubit capacity and an individual readout capability are two crucial requirements for large-scale quantum computing and simulation1. As one of the leading physical platforms for quantum information processing, the ion trap has achieved a quantum simulation of tens of ions with site-resolved readout in a one-dimensional Paul trap2-4 and of hundreds of ions with global observables in a two-dimensional (2D) Penning trap5,6. However, integrating these two features into a single system is still very challenging. Here we report the stable trapping of 512 ions in a 2D Wigner crystal and the sideband cooling of their transverse motion. We demonstrate the quantum simulation of long-range quantum Ising models with tunable coupling strengths and patterns, with or without frustration, using 300 ions. Enabled by the site resolution in the single-shot measurement, we observe rich spatial correlation patterns in the quasi-adiabatically prepared ground states, which allows us to verify quantum simulation results by comparing the measured two-spin correlations with the calculated collective phonon modes and with classical simulated annealing. We further probe the quench dynamics of the Ising model in a transverse field to demonstrate quantum sampling tasks. Our work paves the way for simulating classically intractable quantum dynamics and for running noisy intermediate-scale quantum algorithms7,8 using 2D ion trap quantum simulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-A Guo
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Y-K Wu
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - J Ye
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - L Zhang
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - W-Q Lian
- HYQ Co., Ltd, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - R Yao
- HYQ Co., Ltd, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Y Wang
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
- HYQ Co., Ltd, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - R-Y Yan
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Y-J Yi
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Y-L Xu
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - B-W Li
- HYQ Co., Ltd, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Y-H Hou
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Y-Z Xu
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - W-X Guo
- HYQ Co., Ltd, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - C Zhang
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - B-X Qi
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Z-C Zhou
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - L He
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - L-M Duan
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, P.R. China.
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Beijing, P.R. China.
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8
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De Prins R, Van der Sande G, Bienstman P. A recurrent Gaussian quantum network for online processing of quantum time series. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12322. [PMID: 38811683 PMCID: PMC11137115 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, researchers have studied the interplay between quantum computing and classical machine learning algorithms. However, measurements often disturb or destroy quantum states, requiring multiple repetitions of data processing to estimate observable values. In particular, this prevents online (real-time, single-shot) processing of temporal data as measurements are commonly performed during intermediate stages. Recently, it was proposed to sidestep this issue by focusing on tasks with quantum output, eliminating the need for detectors. Inspired by reservoir computers, a model was proposed where only a subset of the internal parameters are trained while keeping the others fixed at random values. Here, we also process quantum time series, but we do so using a Recurrent Gaussian Quantum Network (RGQN) of which all internal interactions can be trained. As expected, this increased flexibility yields higher performance in benchmark tasks. Building on this, we show that the RGQN can tackle two quantum communication tasks, while also removing some hardware restrictions of the currently available methods. First, our approach is more resource efficient to enhance the transmission rate of quantum channels that experience certain memory effects. Second, it can counteract similar memory effects if they are unwanted, a task that could previously only be solved when redundantly encoded input signals could be provided. Finally, we run a small-scale version of the last task on Xanadu's photonic processor Borealis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbe De Prins
- Photonics Research Group, Ghent University - imec, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 126, 9052, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Guy Van der Sande
- Applied Physics Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Bienstman
- Photonics Research Group, Ghent University - imec, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 126, 9052, Gent, Belgium
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9
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Chen Y, Huang JH, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Xu X. Haplotype-resolved assembly of diploid and polyploid genomes using quantum computing. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2024; 4:100754. [PMID: 38614089 PMCID: PMC11133727 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2024.100754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Precision medicine's emphasis on individual genetic variants highlights the importance of haplotype-resolved assembly, a computational challenge in bioinformatics given its combinatorial nature. While classical algorithms have made strides in addressing this issue, the potential of quantum computing remains largely untapped. Here, we present the vehicle routing problem (VRP) assembler: an approach that transforms this task into a vehicle routing problem, an optimization formulation solvable on a quantum computer. We demonstrate its potential and feasibility through a proof of concept on short synthetic diploid and triploid genomes using a D-Wave quantum annealer. To tackle larger-scale assembly problems, we integrate the VRP assembler with Google's OR-Tools, achieving a haplotype-resolved local assembly across the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region. Our results show encouraging performance compared to Hifiasm with phasing accuracy approaching the theoretical limit, underscoring the promising future of quantum computing in bioinformatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Chen
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | | | - Yuhui Sun
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- BGI Research, Wuhan 430047, China; Guangdong Bigdata Engineering Technology Research Center for Life Sciences, BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China.
| | - Yuxiang Li
- BGI Research, Wuhan 430047, China; Guangdong Bigdata Engineering Technology Research Center for Life Sciences, BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China.
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China; BGI Research, Wuhan 430047, China.
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10
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Zelaya K, Markowitz M, Miri MA. The Goldilocks principle of learning unitaries by interlacing fixed operators with programmable phase shifters on a photonic chip. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10950. [PMID: 38740784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60700-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Programmable photonic integrated circuits represent an emerging technology that amalgamates photonics and electronics, paving the way for light-based information processing at high speeds and low power consumption. Programmable photonics provides a flexible platform that can be reconfigured to perform multiple tasks, thereby holding great promise for revolutionizing future optical networks and quantum computing systems. Over the past decade, there has been constant progress in developing several different architectures for realizing programmable photonic circuits that allow for realizing arbitrary discrete unitary operations with light. Here, we systematically investigate a general family of photonic circuits for realizing arbitrary unitaries based on a simple architecture that interlaces a fixed intervening layer with programmable phase shifter layers. We introduce a criterion for the intervening operator that guarantees the universality of this architecture for representing arbitrary N × N unitary operators with N + 1 phase layers. We explore this criterion for different photonic components, including photonic waveguide lattices and meshes of directional couplers, which allows the identification of several families of photonic components that can serve as the intervening layers in the interlacing architecture. Our findings pave the way for efficiently designing and realizing novel families of programmable photonic integrated circuits for multipurpose analog information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Zelaya
- Department of Physics, Queens College of the City University of New York, Queens, NY, 11367, USA
| | - Matthew Markowitz
- Department of Physics, Queens College of the City University of New York, Queens, NY, 11367, USA
- Physics Program, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Mohammad-Ali Miri
- Department of Physics, Queens College of the City University of New York, Queens, NY, 11367, USA.
- Physics Program, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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11
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Qin H, Che L, Wei C, Xu F, Huang Y, Xin T. Experimental Direct Quantum Fidelity Learning via a Data-Driven Approach. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:190801. [PMID: 38804925 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.190801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Fidelity estimation is an important technique for evaluating prepared quantum states in noisy quantum devices. A recent theoretical work proposed a frugal approach called neural quantum fidelity estimation (NQFE) [X. Zhang et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 130503 (2021).PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.127.130503]. While this requires a much smaller number of measurement operators than full quantum state tomography, it uses a weight-based floating measurement strategy that predetermines the top global Pauli operators that contribute the most to the fidelity and uses discrete fidelity intervals as predictions. In this Letter, we develop a measurement-fixed NQFE based on a transformer model which requires less measurement cost and can output continuous estimates of fidelity. Here we further experimentally apply the NQFE in a realistic situation using a nuclear spin quantum processor. We prepare the ground states of local Hamiltonians and arbitrary states and investigate how to estimate their fidelity with reference states, and we compare the fidelity estimation strategy with our and the original NQFE to conventional tomography. It is shown that NQFE can estimate the fidelity with comparable accuracy to the tomography approach. In the future, NQFE will become an important tool for benchmarking quantum states ahead of the advent of well-trusted fault-tolerant quantum computers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Qin
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liangyu Che
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chao Wei
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yulei Huang
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tao Xin
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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12
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Rahmouni A, Wang R, Li J, Tang X, Gerrits T, Slattery O, Li Q, Ma L. Entangled photon pair generation in an integrated SiC platform. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:110. [PMID: 38724516 PMCID: PMC11082171 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01443-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Entanglement plays a vital role in quantum information processing. Owing to its unique material properties, silicon carbide recently emerged as a promising candidate for the scalable implementation of advanced quantum information processing capabilities. To date, however, only entanglement of nuclear spins has been reported in silicon carbide, while an entangled photon source, whether it is based on bulk or chip-scale technologies, has remained elusive. Here, we report the demonstration of an entangled photon source in an integrated silicon carbide platform for the first time. Specifically, strongly correlated photon pairs are efficiently generated at the telecom C-band wavelength through implementing spontaneous four-wave mixing in a compact microring resonator in the 4H-silicon-carbide-on-insulator platform. The maximum coincidence-to-accidental ratio exceeds 600 at a pump power of 0.17 mW, corresponding to a pair generation rate of (9 ± 1) × 103 pairs/s. Energy-time entanglement is created and verified for such signal-idler photon pairs, with the two-photon interference fringes exhibiting a visibility larger than 99%. The heralded single-photon properties are also measured, with the heralded g(2)(0) on the order of 10-3, demonstrating the SiC platform as a prospective fully integrated, complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor compatible single-photon source for quantum applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouar Rahmouni
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
| | - Ruixuan Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Jingwei Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Xiao Tang
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Thomas Gerrits
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Oliver Slattery
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Lijun Ma
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
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13
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Young AW, Geller S, Eckner WJ, Schine N, Glancy S, Knill E, Kaufman AM. An atomic boson sampler. Nature 2024; 629:311-316. [PMID: 38720040 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07304-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
A boson sampler implements a restricted model of quantum computing. It is defined by the ability to sample from the distribution resulting from the interference of identical bosons propagating according to programmable, non-interacting dynamics1. An efficient exact classical simulation of boson sampling is not believed to exist, which has motivated ground-breaking boson sampling experiments in photonics with increasingly many photons2-12. However, it is difficult to generate and reliably evolve specific numbers of photons with low loss, and thus probabilistic techniques for postselection7 or marked changes to standard boson sampling10-12 are generally used. Here, we address the above challenges by implementing boson sampling using ultracold atoms13,14 in a two-dimensional, tunnel-coupled optical lattice. This demonstration is enabled by a previously unrealized combination of tools involving high-fidelity optical cooling and imaging of atoms in a lattice, as well as programmable control of those atoms using optical tweezers. When extended to interacting systems, our work demonstrates the core abilities required to directly assemble ground and excited states in simulations of various Hubbard models15,16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron W Young
- JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Shawn Geller
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - William J Eckner
- JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Nathan Schine
- JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Scott Glancy
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Emanuel Knill
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Adam M Kaufman
- JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
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14
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Li R. Intel brings quantum-computing microchips a step closer. Nature 2024; 629:50-51. [PMID: 38693404 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-01208-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
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15
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Stewart R, Canaj AB, Liu S, Regincós Martí E, Celmina A, Nichol G, Cheng HP, Murrie M, Hill S. Engineering Clock Transitions in Molecular Lanthanide Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:11083-11094. [PMID: 38619978 PMCID: PMC11046435 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Molecular lanthanide (Ln) complexes are promising candidates for the development of next-generation quantum technologies. High-symmetry structures incorporating integer spin Ln ions can give rise to well-isolated crystal field quasi-doublet ground states, i.e., quantum two-level systems that may serve as the basis for magnetic qubits. Recent work has shown that symmetry lowering of the coordination environment around the Ln ion can produce an avoided crossing or clock transition within the ground doublet, leading to significantly enhanced coherence. Here, we employ single-crystal high-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and high-level ab initio calculations to carry out a detailed investigation of the nine-coordinate complexes, [HoIIIL1L2], where L1 = 1,4,7,10-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraaza-cyclododecane and L2 = F- (1) or [MeCN]0 (2). The pseudo-4-fold symmetry imposed by the neutral organic ligand scaffold (L1) and the apical anionic fluoride ion generates a strong axial anisotropy with an mJ = ±8 ground-state quasi-doublet in 1, where mJ denotes the projection of the J = 8 spin-orbital moment onto the ∼C4 axis. Meanwhile, off-diagonal crystal field interactions give rise to a giant 116.4 ± 1.0 GHz clock transition within this doublet. We then demonstrate targeted crystal field engineering of the clock transition by replacing F- with neutral MeCN (2), resulting in an increase in the clock transition frequency by a factor of 2.2. The experimental results are in broad agreement with quantum chemical calculations. This tunability is highly desirable because decoherence caused by second-order sensitivity to magnetic noise scales inversely with the clock transition frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Stewart
- National
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida
State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department
of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
- Center
for Molecular Magnetic Quantum Materials, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Angelos B. Canaj
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Shuanglong Liu
- Center
for Molecular Magnetic Quantum Materials, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- Department
of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Emma Regincós Martí
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Anna Celmina
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Gary Nichol
- EastCHEM
School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, Scotland, U.K.
| | - Hai-Ping Cheng
- Center
for Molecular Magnetic Quantum Materials, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- Department
of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Mark Murrie
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Stephen Hill
- National
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida
State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department
of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
- Center
for Molecular Magnetic Quantum Materials, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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16
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Carosini L, Oddi V, Giorgino F, Hansen LM, Seron B, Piacentini S, Guggemos T, Agresti I, Loredo JC, Walther P. Programmable multiphoton quantum interference in a single spatial mode. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj0993. [PMID: 38640248 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj0993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The interference of nonclassical states of light enables quantum-enhanced applications reaching from metrology to computation. Most commonly, the polarization or spatial location of single photons are used as addressable degrees of freedom for turning these applications into praxis. However, the scale-up for the processing of a large number of photons of these architectures is very resource-demanding due to the rapidly increasing number of components, such as optical elements, photon sources, and detectors. Here, we demonstrate a resource-efficient architecture for multiphoton processing based on time-bin encoding in a single spatial mode. We use an efficient quantum dot single-photon source and a fast programmable time-bin interferometer to observe the interference of up to eight photons in 16 modes, all recorded only with one detector, thus considerably reducing the physical overhead previously needed for achieving equivalent tasks. Our results can form the basis for a future universal photonics quantum processor operating in a single spatial mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Carosini
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics,Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photonic Quantum Computer, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Virginia Oddi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Giorgino
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics,Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photonic Quantum Computer, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lena M Hansen
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics,Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photonic Quantum Computer, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Benoit Seron
- Quantum Information and Communication, Ecole polytechnique de Bruxelles, CP 165/59, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Simone Piacentini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFN-CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Tobias Guggemos
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics,Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photonic Quantum Computer, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Remote Sensing Technology Institute, German Aerospace Center DLR, Münchener Straße 20, 82234 Weßling, Germany
| | - Iris Agresti
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics,Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Juan C Loredo
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics,Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photonic Quantum Computer, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Philip Walther
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics,Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photonic Quantum Computer, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- University of Vienna, Research Network for Quantum Aspects of Space Time (TURIS), Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI) Vienna, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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17
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Iyer PP, Prescott S, Addamane S, Jung H, Renteria E, Henshaw J, Mounce A, Luk TS, Mitrofanov O, Brener I. Control of Quantized Spontaneous Emission from Single GaAs Quantum Dots Embedded in Huygens' Metasurfaces. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 38620181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Advancements in photonic quantum information systems (QIS) have driven the development of high-brightness, on-demand, and indistinguishable semiconductor epitaxial quantum dots (QDs) as single photon sources. Strain-free, monodisperse, and spatially sparse local-droplet-etched (LDE) QDs have recently been demonstrated as a superior alternative to traditional Stranski-Krastanov QDs. However, integration of LDE QDs into nanophotonic architectures with the ability to scale to many interacting QDs is yet to be demonstrated. We present a potential solution by embedding isolated LDE GaAs QDs within an Al0.4Ga0.6As Huygens' metasurface with spectrally overlapping fundamental electric and magnetic dipolar resonances. We demonstrate for the first time a position- and size-independent, 1 order of magnitude increase in the collection efficiency and emission lifetime control for single-photon emission from LDE QDs embedded within the Huygens' metasurfaces. Our results represent a significant step toward leveraging the advantages of LDE QDs within nanophotonic architectures to meet the scalability demands of photonic QIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad P Iyer
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Lab, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Samuel Prescott
- University College London, Electronic and Electrical Engineering, London WC1E 7JE, U.K
| | - Sadhvikas Addamane
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Lab, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Hyunseung Jung
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Lab, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Emma Renteria
- Center for High Technology Materials, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Jacob Henshaw
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Lab, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Andrew Mounce
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Lab, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Ting S Luk
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Lab, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Oleg Mitrofanov
- University College London, Electronic and Electrical Engineering, London WC1E 7JE, U.K
| | - Igal Brener
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Lab, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
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18
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Yard P, Jones AE, Paesani S, Maïnos A, Bulmer JFF, Laing A. On-Chip Quantum Information Processing with Distinguishable Photons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:150602. [PMID: 38682995 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.150602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Multiphoton interference is at the heart of photonic quantum technologies. Arrays of integrated cavities can support bright sources of single photons with high purity and small footprint, but the inevitable spectral distinguishability between photons generated from nonidentical cavities is an obstacle to scaling. In principle, this problem can be alleviated by measuring photons with high timing resolution, which erases spectral information through the time-energy uncertainty relation. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that detection can be implemented with a temporal resolution sufficient to interfere photons detuned on the scales necessary for cavity-based integrated photon sources. By increasing the effective timing resolution of the system from 200 to 20 ps, we observe a 20% increase in the visibility of quantum interference between independent photons from integrated microring resonator sources that are detuned by 6.8 GHz. We go on to show how time-resolved detection of nonideal photons can be used to improve the fidelity of an entangling operation and to mitigate the reduction of computational complexity in boson sampling experiments. These results pave the way for photonic quantum information processing with many photon sources without the need for active alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Yard
- Quantum Engineering and Technology Laboratories, School of Physics and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Alex E Jones
- Quantum Engineering and Technology Laboratories, School of Physics and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Paesani
- Quantum Engineering and Technology Laboratories, School of Physics and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexandre Maïnos
- Quantum Engineering and Technology Laboratories, School of Physics and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob F F Bulmer
- Quantum Engineering and Technology Laboratories, School of Physics and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Laing
- Quantum Engineering and Technology Laboratories, School of Physics and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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19
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Turkeshi X, Sierant P. Error-Resilience Phase Transitions in Encoding-Decoding Quantum Circuits. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:140401. [PMID: 38640388 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.140401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Understanding how errors deteriorate the information encoded in a many-body quantum system is a fundamental problem with practical implications for quantum technologies. Here, we investigate a class of encoding-decoding random circuits subject to local coherent and incoherent errors. We analytically demonstrate the existence of a phase transition from an error-protecting phase to an error-vulnerable phase occurring when the error strength is increased. This transition is accompanied by Rényi entropy transitions and by onset of multifractal features in the system. Our results provide a new perspective on storing and processing quantum information, while the introduced framework enables an analytic understanding of a dynamical critical phenomenon in a many-body system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xhek Turkeshi
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Strasse 77, 50937 Köln, Germany
- JEIP, USR 3573 CNRS, Collège de France, PSL Research University, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75321 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Piotr Sierant
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
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20
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Yang TY, Wang XB. Speeding up the classical simulation of Gaussian boson sampling with limited connectivity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7680. [PMID: 38561440 PMCID: PMC10984997 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58136-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Gaussian boson sampling (GBS) plays a crucially important role in demonstrating quantum advantage. As a major imperfection, the limited connectivity of the linear optical network weakens the quantum advantage result in recent experiments. In this work, we introduce an enhanced classical algorithm for simulating GBS processes with limited connectivity. It computes the loop Hafnian of an n × n symmetric matrix with bandwidth w in O ( n w 2 w ) time. It is better than the previous fastest algorithm which runs in O ( n w 2 2 w ) time. This classical algorithm is helpful on clarifying how limited connectivity affects the computational complexity of GBS and tightening the boundary for achieving quantum advantage in the GBS problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiang-Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Jinan Institute of Quantum Technology, SAICT, Jinan, 250101, China.
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai, 201315, China.
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen, 518048, China.
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing, 100084, China.
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21
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Zeng H, He ZQ, Fan YR, Luo Y, Lyu C, Wu JP, Li YB, Liu S, Wang D, Zhang DC, Zeng JJ, Deng GW, Wang Y, Song HZ, Wang Z, You LX, Guo K, Sun CZ, Luo Y, Guo GC, Zhou Q. Quantum Light Generation Based on GaN Microring toward Fully On-Chip Source. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:133603. [PMID: 38613308 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.133603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
An integrated quantum light source is increasingly desirable in large-scale quantum information processing. Despite recent remarkable advances, a new material platform is constantly being explored for the fully on-chip integration of quantum light generation, active and passive manipulation, and detection. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate a gallium nitride (GaN) microring based quantum light generation in the telecom C-band, which has potential toward the monolithic integration of quantum light source. In our demonstration, the GaN microring has a free spectral range of 330 GHz and a near-zero anomalous dispersion region of over 100 nm. The generation of energy-time entangled photon pair is demonstrated with a typical raw two-photon interference visibility of 95.5±6.5%, which is further configured to generate a heralded single photon with a typical heralded second-order autocorrelation g_{H}^{(2)}(0) of 0.045±0.001. Our results pave the way for developing a chip-scale quantum photonic circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zeng
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Physics and Photonic Quantum Information, Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Zhao-Qin He
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yun-Ru Fan
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Physics and Photonic Quantum Information, Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yue Luo
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Chen Lyu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Jin-Peng Wu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Physics and Photonic Quantum Information, Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yun-Bo Li
- Department of Fundamental Network Technology, China Mobile Research Institute, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Fundamental Network Technology, China Mobile Research Institute, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Fundamental Network Technology, China Mobile Research Institute, Beijing 100053, China
| | - De-Chao Zhang
- Department of Fundamental Network Technology, China Mobile Research Institute, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Juan-Juan Zeng
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
- Center for Quantum Internet, Tianfu Jiangxi Laboratory, Chengdu 641419, China
| | - Guang-Wei Deng
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Physics and Photonic Quantum Information, Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - You Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
- Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hai-Zhi Song
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
- Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Li-Xing You
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Institute of Systems Engineering, AMS, Beijing 100141, China
| | - Chang-Zheng Sun
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Physics and Photonic Quantum Information, Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
- Center for Quantum Internet, Tianfu Jiangxi Laboratory, Chengdu 641419, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Physics and Photonic Quantum Information, Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
- Center for Quantum Internet, Tianfu Jiangxi Laboratory, Chengdu 641419, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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22
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Cao H, Hansen LM, Giorgino F, Carosini L, Zahálka P, Zilk F, Loredo JC, Walther P. Photonic Source of Heralded Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:130604. [PMID: 38613278 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.130604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Generating large multiphoton entangled states is of main interest due to enabling universal photonic quantum computing and all-optical quantum repeater nodes. These applications exploit measurement-based quantum computation using cluster states. Remarkably, it was shown that photonic cluster states of arbitrary size can be generated by using feasible heralded linear optics fusion gates that act on heralded three-photon Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states as the initial resource state. Thus, the capability of generating heralded GHZ states is of great importance for scaling up photonic quantum computing. Here, we experimentally demonstrate this required building block by reporting a polarisation-encoded heralded GHZ state of three photons, for which we build a high-rate six-photon source (547±2 Hz) from a solid-state quantum emitter and a stable polarization-based interferometer. The detection of three ancillary photons heralds the generation of three-photon GHZ states among the remaining particles with fidelities up to F=0.7278±0.0106. Our results initiate a path for scalable entangling operations using heralded linear-optics implementations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Cao
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photonic Quantum Computer, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - L M Hansen
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photonic Quantum Computer, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - F Giorgino
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photonic Quantum Computer, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - L Carosini
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photonic Quantum Computer, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - P Zahálka
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photonic Quantum Computer, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - F Zilk
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photonic Quantum Computer, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - J C Loredo
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photonic Quantum Computer, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - P Walther
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photonic Quantum Computer, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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23
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Park T, Stokowski H, Ansari V, Gyger S, Multani KKS, Celik OT, Hwang AY, Dean DJ, Mayor F, McKenna TP, Fejer MM, Safavi-Naeini A. Single-mode squeezed-light generation and tomography with an integrated optical parametric oscillator. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl1814. [PMID: 38478618 PMCID: PMC10936947 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl1814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Quantum optical technologies promise advances in sensing, computing, and communication. A key resource is squeezed light, where quantum noise is redistributed between optical quadratures. We introduce a monolithic, chip-scale platform that exploits the χ(2) nonlinearity of a thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) resonator device to efficiently generate squeezed states of light. Our system integrates all essential components-except for the laser and two detectors-on a single chip with an area of one square centimeter, reducing the size, operational complexity, and power consumption associated with conventional setups. Using the balanced homodyne measurement subsystem that we implemented on the same chip, we measure a squeezing of 0.55 decibels and an anti-squeezing of 1.55 decibels. We use 20 milliwatts of input power to generate the parametric oscillator pump field by using second harmonic generation on the same chip. Our work represents a step toward compact and efficient quantum optical systems posed to leverage the rapid advances in integrated nonlinear and quantum photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewon Park
- Department of Applied Physics and Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hubert Stokowski
- Department of Applied Physics and Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vahid Ansari
- Department of Applied Physics and Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Samuel Gyger
- Department of Applied Physics and Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kevin K. S. Multani
- Department of Applied Physics and Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Oguz Tolga Celik
- Department of Applied Physics and Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alexander Y. Hwang
- Department of Applied Physics and Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Devin J. Dean
- Department of Applied Physics and Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Felix Mayor
- Department of Applied Physics and Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Timothy P. McKenna
- Physics and Informatics Laboratories, NTT Research Inc., Sunnyvale, CA 94085, USA
| | - Martin M. Fejer
- Department of Applied Physics and Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Amir Safavi-Naeini
- Department of Applied Physics and Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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24
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Yu S, Liu W, Tao SJ, Li ZP, Wang YT, Zhong ZP, Patel RB, Meng Y, Yang YZ, Wang ZA, Guo NJ, Zeng XD, Chen Z, Xu L, Zhang N, Liu X, Yang M, Zhang WH, Zhou ZQ, Xu JS, Tang JS, Han YJ, Li CF, Guo GC. A von-Neumann-like photonic processor and its application in studying quantum signature of chaos. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:74. [PMID: 38485915 PMCID: PMC10940704 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01413-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Photonic quantum computation plays an important role and offers unique advantages. Two decades after the milestone work of Knill-Laflamme-Milburn, various architectures of photonic processors have been proposed, and quantum advantage over classical computers has also been demonstrated. It is now the opportune time to apply this technology to real-world applications. However, at current technology level, this aim is restricted by either programmability in bulk optics or loss in integrated optics for the existing architectures of processors, for which the resource cost is also a problem. Here we present a von-Neumann-like architecture based on temporal-mode encoding and looped structure on table, which is capable of multimode-universal programmability, resource-efficiency, phase-stability and software-scalability. In order to illustrate these merits, we execute two different programs with varying resource requirements on the same processor, to investigate quantum signature of chaos from two aspects: the signature behaviors exhibited in phase space (13 modes), and the Fermi golden rule which has not been experimentally studied in quantitative way before (26 modes). The maximal program contains an optical interferometer network with 1694 freely-adjustable phases. Considering current state-of-the-art, our architecture stands as the most promising candidate for real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
- Research Center for Quantum Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Quantum Optics and Laser Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Rd, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Wei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Si-Jing Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Yi-Tao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Zhong
- Research Center for Quantum Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Raj B Patel
- Quantum Optics and Laser Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Rd, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, Oxford University, Parks Road OX1 3PU, Oxford, UK
| | - Yu Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Yuan-Ze Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Zhao-An Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Nai-Jie Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Research Center for Quantum Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Research Center for Quantum Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Mu Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Wen-Hao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Zong-Quan Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Jin-Shi Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Jian-Shun Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China.
| | - Yong-Jian Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China.
| | - Chuan-Feng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China.
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
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25
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Liu M, Yang S. Exploiting Molecular Orders at the Interface of Microdroplets for Intelligent Materials. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:739-750. [PMID: 38403956 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusThe intrinsic molecular order of liquid crystals (LCs) and liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) is the origin of their stimuli-responsive properties. The programmable responsiveness and functionality, such as shape morphing and color change under external stimuli, are the key features that attract interest in designing LC- and LCE-based intelligent material platforms. Methods such as mechanical stretching and shearing, surface alignment, and field-assisted alignment have been exploited to program the order of LC molecules for the desired responsiveness. However, the huge size mismatch between the nanometer-sized LC mesogens and the targeted macroscopic objects calls for questions about how to delicately control molecular order for desired performance. Microparticles that can be synthesized with intrinsic molecular order precisely controlled to micrometer size can be used as building blocks for bulk materials, thus offering opportunities to bridge the gap and transcend molecular orders across scales. By taking advantage of the interfacial anchoring effects, we can control and engineer the molecular orders inside the microdroplets, allowing for the realization of various responsive behaviors. Furthermore, designer LC microparticles with multiple responsiveness can be assembled and confined within a matrix, opening a new pathway to engineering LC-enabled intelligent materials.In this Account, we present our recent work on exploiting the molecular order inside microdroplets for the construction of intelligent materials. We briefly introduce the typical chemicals used in the synthesis and the methods developed to control LC molecular alignment within a microdroplets. We then present examples of microparticles synthesized from microdroplets that can transform into complex morphologies upon cooling from the isotropic to nematic phase or due to phase separation within the droplets coupled with the segregation of LC oligomers (LCOs) with polydisperse chain lengths. Furthermore, we show the synthesis of elliptical LCE microparticles and exploit their thermal and magnetic responsiveness to program shape-morphing behaviors and microarrays with switchable optical polarization. By mixing magnetic nanoparticles in cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) and silicone oils, we created Janus microparticles capable of color switching for camouflage and information encryption. Moreover, we can engineer complex molecular orders in LCE microparticles by mixing different surfactants, yielding microparticles of diverse anisotropic, temperature-responsive shapes after photopolymerization and extraction of the template LC molecules with different solvents. We conclude the Account with an outlook on the design of intelligent material systems via the design of unprecedented molecular ordering within the microparticles and their coupling with bulk materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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26
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Sun X, Suriyage M, Khan AR, Gao M, Zhao J, Liu B, Hasan MM, Rahman S, Chen RS, Lam PK, Lu Y. Twisted van der Waals Quantum Materials: Fundamentals, Tunability, and Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1992-2079. [PMID: 38335114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Twisted van der Waals (vdW) quantum materials have emerged as a rapidly developing field of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors. These materials establish a new central research area and provide a promising platform for studying quantum phenomena and investigating the engineering of novel optoelectronic properties such as single photon emission, nonlinear optical response, magnon physics, and topological superconductivity. These captivating electronic and optical properties result from, and can be tailored by, the interlayer coupling using moiré patterns formed by vertically stacking atomic layers with controlled angle misorientation or lattice mismatch. Their outstanding properties and the high degree of tunability position them as compelling building blocks for both compact quantum-enabled devices and classical optoelectronics. This paper offers a comprehensive review of recent advancements in the understanding and manipulation of twisted van der Waals structures and presents a survey of the state-of-the-art research on moiré superlattices, encompassing interdisciplinary interests. It delves into fundamental theories, synthesis and fabrication, and visualization techniques, and the wide range of novel physical phenomena exhibited by these structures, with a focus on their potential for practical device integration in applications ranging from quantum information to biosensors, and including classical optoelectronics such as modulators, light emitting diodes, lasers, and photodetectors. It highlights the unique ability of moiré superlattices to connect multiple disciplines, covering chemistry, electronics, optics, photonics, magnetism, topological and quantum physics. This comprehensive review provides a valuable resource for researchers interested in moiré superlattices, shedding light on their fundamental characteristics and their potential for transformative applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Sun
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Manuka Suriyage
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Ahmed Raza Khan
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (Rachna College Campus), Gujranwala, Lahore 54700, Pakistan
| | - Mingyuan Gao
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Quantum Science & Technology, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Boqing Liu
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Md Mehedi Hasan
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Sharidya Rahman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ruo-Si Chen
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Ping Koy Lam
- Department of Quantum Science & Technology, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Yuerui Lu
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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27
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García-Beni J, Luca Giorgi G, Soriano MC, Zambrini R. Squeezing as a resource for time series processing in quantum reservoir computing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:6733-6747. [PMID: 38439372 DOI: 10.1364/oe.507684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Squeezing is known to be a quantum resource in many applications in metrology, cryptography, and computing, being related to entanglement in multimode settings. In this work, we address the effects of squeezing in neuromorphic machine learning for time-series processing. In particular, we consider a loop-based photonic architecture for reservoir computing and address the effect of squeezing in the reservoir, considering a Hamiltonian with both active and passive coupling terms. Interestingly, squeezing can be either detrimental or beneficial for quantum reservoir computing when moving from ideal to realistic models, accounting for experimental noise. We demonstrate that multimode squeezing enhances its accessible memory, which improves the performance in several benchmark temporal tasks. The origin of this improvement is traced back to the robustness of the reservoir to readout noise, which is increased with squeezing.
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28
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Huang X, Horder J, Wong WW, Wang N, Bian Y, Yamamura K, Aharonovich I, Jagadish C, Tan HH. Scalable Bright and Pure Single Photon Sources by Droplet Epitaxy on InP Nanowire Arrays. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 38315082 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
High-quality quantum light sources are crucial components for the implementation of practical and reliable quantum technologies. The persistent challenge, however, is the lack of scalable and deterministic single photon sources that can be synthesized reproducibly. Here, we present a combination of droplet epitaxy with selective area epitaxy to realize the deterministic growth of single quantum dots in nanowire arrays. By optimization of the single quantum dot growth and the nanowire cavity design, single emissions are effectively coupled with the dominant mode of the nanowires to realize Purcell enhancement. The resonance-enhanced quantum emitter system boasts a brightness of millions of counts per second with nanowatt excitation power, a short radiation lifetime of 350 ± 5 ps, and a high single-photon purity with g(2)(0) value of 0.05 with continuous wave above-band excitation. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation results show that the emissions of single quantum dots are coupled into the TM01 mode of the nanowires, giving a Purcell factor ≈ 3. Our technology can be used for creating on-chip scalable single photon sources for future quantum technology applications including quantum networks, quantum computation, and quantum imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Huang
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600, Australia
| | - Jake Horder
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Wei Wen Wong
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600, Australia
| | - Naiyin Wang
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600, Australia
| | - Yue Bian
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600, Australia
| | - Karin Yamamura
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Igor Aharonovich
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Chennupati Jagadish
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600, Australia
| | - Hark Hoe Tan
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600, Australia
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29
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Bluvstein D, Evered SJ, Geim AA, Li SH, Zhou H, Manovitz T, Ebadi S, Cain M, Kalinowski M, Hangleiter D, Bonilla Ataides JP, Maskara N, Cong I, Gao X, Sales Rodriguez P, Karolyshyn T, Semeghini G, Gullans MJ, Greiner M, Vuletić V, Lukin MD. Logical quantum processor based on reconfigurable atom arrays. Nature 2024; 626:58-65. [PMID: 38056497 PMCID: PMC10830422 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06927-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Suppressing errors is the central challenge for useful quantum computing1, requiring quantum error correction (QEC)2-6 for large-scale processing. However, the overhead in the realization of error-corrected 'logical' qubits, in which information is encoded across many physical qubits for redundancy2-4, poses substantial challenges to large-scale logical quantum computing. Here we report the realization of a programmable quantum processor based on encoded logical qubits operating with up to 280 physical qubits. Using logical-level control and a zoned architecture in reconfigurable neutral-atom arrays7, our system combines high two-qubit gate fidelities8, arbitrary connectivity7,9, as well as fully programmable single-qubit rotations and mid-circuit readout10-15. Operating this logical processor with various types of encoding, we demonstrate improvement of a two-qubit logic gate by scaling surface-code6 distance from d = 3 to d = 7, preparation of colour-code qubits with break-even fidelities5, fault-tolerant creation of logical Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states and feedforward entanglement teleportation, as well as operation of 40 colour-code qubits. Finally, using 3D [[8,3,2]] code blocks16,17, we realize computationally complex sampling circuits18 with up to 48 logical qubits entangled with hypercube connectivity19 with 228 logical two-qubit gates and 48 logical CCZ gates20. We find that this logical encoding substantially improves algorithmic performance with error detection, outperforming physical-qubit fidelities at both cross-entropy benchmarking and quantum simulations of fast scrambling21,22. These results herald the advent of early error-corrected quantum computation and chart a path towards large-scale logical processors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolev Bluvstein
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Simon J Evered
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Sophie H Li
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hengyun Zhou
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- QuEra Computing Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tom Manovitz
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sepehr Ebadi
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Madelyn Cain
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Dominik Hangleiter
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Nishad Maskara
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Iris Cong
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xun Gao
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Giulia Semeghini
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael J Gullans
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Markus Greiner
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vladan Vuletić
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mikhail D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Varri A, Taheriniya S, Brückerhoff-Plückelmann F, Bente I, Farmakidis N, Bernhardt D, Rösner H, Kruth M, Nadzeyka A, Richter T, Wright CD, Bhaskaran H, Wilde G, Pernice WHP. Scalable Non-Volatile Tuning of Photonic Computational Memories by Automated Silicon Ion Implantation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310596. [PMID: 37997459 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are revolutionizing the realm of information technology, promising unprecedented speeds and efficiency in data processing and optical communication. However, the nanoscale precision required to fabricate these circuits at scale presents significant challenges, due to the need to maintain consistency across wavelength-selective components, which necessitates individualized adjustments after fabrication. Harnessing spectral alignment by automated silicon ion implantation, in this work scalable and non-volatile photonic computational memories are demonstrated in high-quality resonant devices. Precise spectral trimming of large-scale photonic ensembles from a few picometers to several nanometres is achieved with long-term stability and marginal loss penalty. Based on this approach, spectrally aligned photonic memory and computing systems for general matrix multiplication are demonstrated, enabling wavelength multiplexed integrated architectures at large scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Varri
- Institute of Physics, University of Münster, Heisenbergstr. 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Center for Soft Nanoscience, University of Münster, Busso-Peus-Street 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Shabnam Taheriniya
- Institute of Materials Physics, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Street 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Brückerhoff-Plückelmann
- Institute of Physics, University of Münster, Heisenbergstr. 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Center for Soft Nanoscience, University of Münster, Busso-Peus-Street 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ivonne Bente
- Institute of Physics, University of Münster, Heisenbergstr. 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Center for Soft Nanoscience, University of Münster, Busso-Peus-Street 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Farmakidis
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, OX1 2JD, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Bernhardt
- RAITH Nanofabrication, Konrad-Adenauer-Allee 8, 44263, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Harald Rösner
- Institute of Materials Physics, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Street 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kruth
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons and Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Achim Nadzeyka
- RAITH Nanofabrication, Konrad-Adenauer-Allee 8, 44263, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Torsten Richter
- RAITH Nanofabrication, Konrad-Adenauer-Allee 8, 44263, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Harish Bhaskaran
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, OX1 2JD, Oxford, UK
| | - Gerhard Wilde
- Institute of Materials Physics, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Street 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Wolfram H P Pernice
- Institute of Physics, University of Münster, Heisenbergstr. 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Center for Soft Nanoscience, University of Münster, Busso-Peus-Street 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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31
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Kadlec J, Bartkiewicz K, Černoch A, Lemr K, Miranowicz A. Experimental hierarchy of the nonclassicality of single-qubit states via potentials for entanglement, steering, and Bell nonlocality. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:2333-2346. [PMID: 38297766 DOI: 10.1364/oe.506169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Entanglement potentials are a promising way to quantify the nonclassicality of single-mode states. They are defined by the amount of entanglement (expressed by, e.g., the Wootters concurrence) obtained after mixing the examined single-mode state with a purely classical state; such as the vacuum or a coherent state. We generalize the idea of entanglement potentials to other quantum correlations: the EPR steering and Bell nonlocality, thus enabling us to study mutual hierarchies of these nonclassicality potentials. Instead of the usual vacuum and one-photon superposition states, we experimentally test this concept using specially tailored polarization-encoded single-photon states. One polarization encodes a given nonclassical single-mode state, while the other serves as the vacuum place-holder. This technique proves to be experimentally more convenient in comparison to the vacuum and a one-photon superposition as it does not require the vacuum detection.
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32
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Wu C, Deng H, Huang YS, Yu H, Takeuchi I, Ríos Ocampo CA, Li M. Freeform direct-write and rewritable photonic integrated circuits in phase-change thin films. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk1361. [PMID: 38181081 PMCID: PMC10775994 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk1361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) with rapid prototyping and reprogramming capabilities promise revolutionary impacts on a plethora of photonic technologies. We report direct-write and rewritable photonic circuits on a low-loss phase-change material (PCM) thin film. Complete end-to-end PICs are directly laser-written in one step without additional fabrication processes, and any part of the circuit can be erased and rewritten, facilitating rapid design modification. We demonstrate the versatility of this technique for diverse applications, including an optical interconnect fabric for reconfigurable networking, a photonic crossbar array for optical computing, and a tunable optical filter for optical signal processing. By combining the programmability of the direct laser writing technique with PCM, our technique unlocks opportunities for programmable photonic networking, computing, and signal processing. Moreover, the rewritable photonic circuits enable rapid prototyping and testing in a convenient and cost-efficient manner, eliminate the need for nanofabrication facilities, and thus promote the proliferation of photonics research and education to a broader community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changming Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Haoqin Deng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Yi-Siou Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Heshan Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ichiro Takeuchi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Carlos A. Ríos Ocampo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Mo Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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33
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Melko RG, Carrasquilla J. Language models for quantum simulation. NATURE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 4:11-18. [PMID: 38253806 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-023-00578-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
A key challenge in the effort to simulate today's quantum computing devices is the ability to learn and encode the complex correlations that occur between qubits. Emerging technologies based on language models adopted from machine learning have shown unique abilities to learn quantum states. We highlight the contributions that language models are making in the effort to build quantum computers and discuss their future role in the race to quantum advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger G Melko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
- Perimter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Juan Carrasquilla
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Vector Institute, MaRS Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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34
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Ribisch C, Hofbauer M, Kohneh Poushi SS, Zimmer A, Schneider-Hornstein K, Goll B, Zimmermann H. Multi-Channel Gating Chip in 0.18 µm High-Voltage CMOS for Quantum Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:9644. [PMID: 38139490 PMCID: PMC10747136 DOI: 10.3390/s23249644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
A gating circuit for a photonic quantum simulator is introduced. The gating circuit uses a large excess bias voltage of up to 9.9 V and an integrated single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD). Nine channels are monolithically implemented in an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) including nine SPADs using 0.18 µm high-voltage CMOS technology. The gating circuit achieves rise and fall times of 480 ps and 280 ps, respectively, and a minimum full-width-at-half-maximum pulse width of 1.26 ns. Thanks to a fast and sensitive comparator, a detection threshold for avalanche events of less than 100 mV is possible. The power consumption of all nine channels is about 250 mW in total. This gating chip is used to characterize the integrated SPADs. A photon detection probability of around 50% at 9.9 V excess bias and for a wavelength of 635 nm is found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Ribisch
- Institute of Electrodynamics, Microwave and Circuit Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Technische Universität Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria; (M.H.); (S.S.K.P.); (K.S.-H.); (B.G.); (H.Z.)
| | - Michael Hofbauer
- Institute of Electrodynamics, Microwave and Circuit Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Technische Universität Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria; (M.H.); (S.S.K.P.); (K.S.-H.); (B.G.); (H.Z.)
| | - Seyed Saman Kohneh Poushi
- Institute of Electrodynamics, Microwave and Circuit Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Technische Universität Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria; (M.H.); (S.S.K.P.); (K.S.-H.); (B.G.); (H.Z.)
| | | | - Kerstin Schneider-Hornstein
- Institute of Electrodynamics, Microwave and Circuit Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Technische Universität Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria; (M.H.); (S.S.K.P.); (K.S.-H.); (B.G.); (H.Z.)
| | - Bernhard Goll
- Institute of Electrodynamics, Microwave and Circuit Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Technische Universität Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria; (M.H.); (S.S.K.P.); (K.S.-H.); (B.G.); (H.Z.)
| | - Horst Zimmermann
- Institute of Electrodynamics, Microwave and Circuit Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Technische Universität Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria; (M.H.); (S.S.K.P.); (K.S.-H.); (B.G.); (H.Z.)
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35
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Kocharovsky VV, Kocharovsky VV, Shannon WD, Tarasov SV. Towards the Simplest Model of Quantum Supremacy: Atomic Boson Sampling in a Box Trap. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:1584. [PMID: 38136464 PMCID: PMC10743315 DOI: 10.3390/e25121584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
We describe boson sampling of interacting atoms from the noncondensed fraction of Bose-Einstein-condensed (BEC) gas confined in a box trap as a new platform for studying computational ♯P-hardness and quantum supremacy of many-body systems. We calculate the characteristic function and statistics of atom numbers via the newly found Hafnian master theorem. Using Bloch-Messiah reduction, we find that interatomic interactions give rise to two equally important entities-eigen-squeeze modes and eigen-energy quasiparticles-whose interplay with sampling atom states determines the behavior of the BEC gas. We infer that two necessary ingredients of ♯P-hardness, squeezing and interference, are self-generated in the gas and, contrary to Gaussian boson sampling in linear interferometers, external sources of squeezed bosons are not required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly V. Kocharovsky
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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36
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Dong M, Boyle JM, Palm KJ, Zimmermann M, Witte A, Leenheer AJ, Dominguez D, Gilbert G, Eichenfield M, Englund D. Synchronous micromechanically resonant programmable photonic circuits. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7716. [PMID: 38001076 PMCID: PMC10673894 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42866-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmable photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are emerging as powerful tools for control of light, with applications in quantum information processing, optical range finding, and artificial intelligence. Low-power implementations of these PICs involve micromechanical structures driven capacitively or piezoelectrically but are often limited in modulation bandwidth by mechanical resonances and high operating voltages. Here we introduce a synchronous, micromechanically resonant design architecture for programmable PICs and a proof-of-principle 1×8 photonic switch using piezoelectric optical phase shifters. Our design purposefully exploits high-frequency mechanical resonances and optically broadband components for larger modulation responses on the order of the mechanical quality factor Qm while maintaining fast switching speeds. We experimentally show switching cycles of all 8 channels spaced by approximately 11 ns and operating at 4.6 dB average modulation enhancement. Future advances in micromechanical devices with high Qm, which can exceed 10000, should enable an improved series of low-voltage and high-speed programmable PICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Dong
- The MITRE Corporation, 202 Burlington Road, Bedford, MA, 01730, USA.
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Julia M Boyle
- The MITRE Corporation, 202 Burlington Road, Bedford, MA, 01730, USA
| | - Kevin J Palm
- The MITRE Corporation, 202 Burlington Road, Bedford, MA, 01730, USA
| | | | - Alex Witte
- The MITRE Corporation, 202 Burlington Road, Bedford, MA, 01730, USA
| | - Andrew J Leenheer
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA
| | - Daniel Dominguez
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA
| | - Gerald Gilbert
- The MITRE Corporation, 200 Forrestal Road, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Matt Eichenfield
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
| | - Dirk Englund
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, 98 Rochester Street, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
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37
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Karimi M, Javadi-Abhari A, Simon C, Ghobadi R. The power of one clean qubit in supervised machine learning. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19975. [PMID: 37968292 PMCID: PMC10651850 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46497-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper explores the potential benefits of quantum coherence and quantum discord in the non-universal quantum computing model called deterministic quantum computing with one qubit (DQC1) in supervised machine learning. We show that the DQC1 model can be leveraged to develop an efficient method for estimating complex kernel functions. We demonstrate a simple relationship between coherence consumption and the kernel function, a crucial element in machine learning. The paper presents an implementation of a binary classification problem on IBM hardware using the DQC1 model and analyzes the impact of quantum coherence and hardware noise. The advantage of our proposal lies in its utilization of quantum discord, which is more resilient to noise than entanglement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Karimi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Ali Javadi-Abhari
- IBM Quantum, IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, 10598, USA
| | - Christoph Simon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Roohollah Ghobadi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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38
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Fukui K, Matsuura T, Menicucci NC. Efficient Concatenated Bosonic Code for Additive Gaussian Noise. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:170603. [PMID: 37955490 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.170603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Bosonic codes offer noise resilience for quantum information processing. Good performance often comes at a price of complex decoding schemes, limiting their practicality. Here, we propose using a Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill code to detect and discard error-prone qubits, concatenated with a quantum parity code to handle the residual errors. Our method employs a simple linear-time decoder that nevertheless offers significant performance improvements over the standard decoder. Our Letter may have applications in a wide range of quantum computation and communication scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Fukui
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takaya Matsuura
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Nicolas C Menicucci
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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39
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Large-scale nanowire camera with a single-photon sensitivity. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-02797-x. [PMID: 37880524 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-02797-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
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40
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Deng YH, Gu YC, Liu HL, Gong SQ, Su H, Zhang ZJ, Tang HY, Jia MH, Xu JM, Chen MC, Qin J, Peng LC, Yan J, Hu Y, Huang J, Li H, Li Y, Chen Y, Jiang X, Gan L, Yang G, You L, Li L, Zhong HS, Wang H, Liu NL, Renema JJ, Lu CY, Pan JW. Gaussian Boson Sampling with Pseudo-Photon-Number-Resolving Detectors and Quantum Computational Advantage. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:150601. [PMID: 37897783 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.150601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
We report new Gaussian boson sampling experiments with pseudo-photon-number-resolving detection, which register up to 255 photon-click events. We consider partial photon distinguishability and develop a more complete model for the characterization of the noisy Gaussian boson sampling. In the quantum computational advantage regime, we use Bayesian tests and correlation function analysis to validate the samples against all current classical spoofing mockups. Estimating with the best classical algorithms to date, generating a single ideal sample from the same distribution on the supercomputer Frontier would take ∼600 yr using exact methods, whereas our quantum computer, Jiǔzhāng 3.0, takes only 1.27 μs to produce a sample. Generating the hardest sample from the experiment using an exact algorithm would take Frontier∼3.1×10^{10} yr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hao Deng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Yi-Chao Gu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Hua-Liang Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Si-Qiu Gong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Hao Su
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Zhi-Jiong Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Hao-Yang Tang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Meng-Hao Jia
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Jia-Min Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Ming-Cheng Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Jian Qin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Li-Chao Peng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Jiarong Yan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Jia Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Micro system and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Micro system and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- Department of Computer Science and Technology and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yaojian Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Technology and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Lin Gan
- Department of Computer Science and Technology and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guangwen Yang
- Department of Computer Science and Technology and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lixing You
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Micro system and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Li Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Han-Sen Zhong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Nai-Le Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Jelmer J Renema
- Adaptive Quantum Optics Group, Mesa+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Chao-Yang Lu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Shenzhen 518054, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
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41
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Stefszky M, Vom Bruch F, Santandrea M, Ricken R, Quiring V, Eigner C, Herrmann H, Silberhorn C. Lithium niobate waveguide squeezer with integrated cavity length stabilisation for network applications. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:34903-34916. [PMID: 37859235 DOI: 10.1364/oe.498423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
We report a titanium indiffused waveguide resonator featuring an integrated electro-optic modulator for cavity length stabilisation that produces close to 5 dB of squeezed light at 1550 nm (2.4 dB directly measured). The resonator is locked on resonance for tens of minutes with 70 mW of SH light incident on the cavity, demonstrating that photorefraction can be mitigated. Squeezed light production concurrent with cavity length stabilisation utilising the integrated EOM is demonstrated. The device demonstrates the suitability of this platform for squeezed light generation in network applications, where stabilisation to the reference field is typically necessary.
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42
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Kim HJ, Jung JH, Lee KJ, Ra YS. Recovering quantum entanglement after its certification. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi5261. [PMID: 37792929 PMCID: PMC10550226 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi5261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Entanglement is a crucial quantum resource with broad applications in quantum information science. For harnessing entanglement in practice, it is a prerequisite to certify the entanglement of a given quantum state. However, the certification process itself destroys the entanglement, thereby precluding further exploitation of the entanglement. Resolving this conflict, here, we present a protocol that certifies the entanglement of a quantum state without complete destruction and then probabilistically recovers the original entanglement to provide useful entanglement for further quantum applications. We experimentally demonstrate this protocol in a photonic quantum system and highlight its usefulness for selecting high-quality entanglement from a realistic entanglement source. Moreover, our study reveals various trade-off relations among the physical quantities involved in the protocol. Our results show how entanglement certification can be made compatible with subsequent quantum applications and be beneficial to sort entanglement for better performance in quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Jin Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeok Jung
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Kyung-Jun Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Young-Sik Ra
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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43
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Oripov BG, Rampini DS, Allmaras J, Shaw MD, Nam SW, Korzh B, McCaughan AN. A superconducting nanowire single-photon camera with 400,000 pixels. Nature 2023; 622:730-734. [PMID: 37880435 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06550-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
For the past 50 years, superconducting detectors have offered exceptional sensitivity and speed for detecting faint electromagnetic signals in a wide range of applications. These detectors operate at very low temperatures and generate a minimum of excess noise, making them ideal for testing the non-local nature of reality1,2, investigating dark matter3,4, mapping the early universe5-7 and performing quantum computation8-10 and communication11-14. Despite their appealing properties, however, there are at present no large-scale superconducting cameras-even the largest demonstrations have never exceeded 20,000 pixels15. This is especially true for superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs)16-18. These detectors have been demonstrated with system detection efficiencies of 98.0% (ref. 19), sub-3-ps timing jitter20, sensitivity from the ultraviolet21 to the mid-infrared22 and microhertz dark-count rates3, but have never achieved an array size larger than a kilopixel23,24. Here we report on the development of a 400,000-pixel SNSPD camera, a factor of 400 improvement over the state of the art. The array spanned an area of 4 × 2.5 mm with 5 × 5-μm resolution, reached unity quantum efficiency at wavelengths of 370 nm and 635 nm, counted at a rate of 1.1 × 105 counts per second (cps) and had a dark-count rate of 1.0 × 10-4 cps per detector (corresponding to 0.13 cps over the whole array). The imaging area contains no ancillary circuitry and the architecture is scalable well beyond the present demonstration, paving the way for large-format superconducting cameras with near-unity detection efficiencies across a wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G Oripov
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - D S Rampini
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J Allmaras
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - M D Shaw
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - S W Nam
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - B Korzh
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - A N McCaughan
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
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44
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Yu S, Zhong ZP, Fang Y, Patel RB, Li QP, Liu W, Li Z, Xu L, Sagona-Stophel S, Mer E, Thomas SE, Meng Y, Li ZP, Yang YZ, Wang ZA, Guo NJ, Zhang WH, Tranmer GK, Dong Y, Wang YT, Tang JS, Li CF, Walmsley IA, Guo GC. A universal programmable Gaussian boson sampler for drug discovery. NATURE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 3:839-848. [PMID: 38177757 PMCID: PMC10768638 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-023-00526-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Gaussian boson sampling (GBS) has the potential to solve complex graph problems, such as clique finding, which is relevant to drug discovery tasks. However, realizing the full benefits of quantum enhancements requires large-scale quantum hardware with universal programmability. Here we have developed a time-bin-encoded GBS photonic quantum processor that is universal, programmable and software-scalable. Our processor features freely adjustable squeezing parameters and can implement arbitrary unitary operations with a programmable interferometer. Leveraging our processor, we successfully executed clique finding on a 32-node graph, achieving approximately twice the success probability compared to classical sampling. As proof of concept, we implemented a versatile quantum drug discovery platform using this GBS processor, enabling molecular docking and RNA-folding prediction tasks. Our work achieves GBS circuitry with its universal and programmable architecture, advancing GBS toward use in real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Yu
- Research Center for Quantum Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Quantum Optics and Laser Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Zhi-Peng Zhong
- Research Center for Quantum Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Raj B Patel
- Quantum Optics and Laser Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Qing-Peng Li
- Research Center for Quantum Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhenghao Li
- Quantum Optics and Laser Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Liang Xu
- Research Center for Quantum Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Steven Sagona-Stophel
- Quantum Optics and Laser Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ewan Mer
- Quantum Optics and Laser Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah E Thomas
- Quantum Optics and Laser Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yu Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan-Ze Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhao-An Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Nai-Jie Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wen-Hao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Geoffrey K Tranmer
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ying Dong
- Research Center for Quantum Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Tao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Jian-Shun Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Chuan-Feng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Ian A Walmsley
- Quantum Optics and Laser Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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45
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Fu Z, Bao J, Wang J. Programmability empowering quantum boson sampling. NATURE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 3:819-820. [PMID: 38177759 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-023-00534-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaorong Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jueming Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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46
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Chakraborty C, Bhattacharya M, Dhama K, Lee SS. Quantum computing on nucleic acid research: Approaching towards next-generation computing. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 33:53-56. [PMID: 37449046 PMCID: PMC10336077 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700126, India
| | - Manojit Bhattacharya
- Department of Zoology, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Balasore, Odisha 756020, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Sang-Soo Lee
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopaedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
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47
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Li Y, Wang Z, Han R, Shi S, Li J, Shang R, Zheng H, Zhong G, Gu Y. Quantum recurrent neural networks for sequential learning. Neural Netw 2023; 166:148-161. [PMID: 37487411 DOI: 10.1016/j.neunet.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Quantum neural network (QNN) is one of the promising directions where the near-term noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices could find advantageous applications against classical resources. Recurrent neural networks are the most fundamental networks for sequential learning, but up to now there is still a lack of canonical model of quantum recurrent neural network (QRNN), which certainly restricts the research in the field of quantum deep learning. In the present work, we propose a new kind of QRNN which would be a good candidate as the canonical QRNN model, where, the quantum recurrent blocks (QRBs) are constructed in the hardware-efficient way, and the QRNN is built by stacking the QRBs in a staggered way that can greatly reduce the algorithm's requirement with regard to the coherent time of quantum devices. That is, our QRNN is much more accessible on NISQ devices. Furthermore, the performance of the present QRNN model is verified concretely using three different kinds of classical sequential data, i.e., meteorological indicators, stock price, and text categorization. The numerical experiments show that our QRNN achieves much better performance in prediction (classification) accuracy against the classical RNN and state-of-the-art QNN models for sequential learning, and can predict the changing details of temporal sequence data. The practical circuit structure and superior performance indicate that the present QRNN is a promising learning model to find quantum advantageous applications in the near term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Rongbing Han
- Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Shangshang Shi
- Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Ruimin Shang
- Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Haiyong Zheng
- Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhong
- Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Yongjian Gu
- Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
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48
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Proppe AH, Berkinsky DB, Zhu H, Šverko T, Kaplan AEK, Horowitz JR, Kim T, Chung H, Jun S, Bawendi MG. Highly stable and pure single-photon emission with 250 ps optical coherence times in InP colloidal quantum dots. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:993-999. [PMID: 37386140 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01432-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Quantum photonic technologies such as quantum communication, sensing or computation require efficient, stable and pure single-photon sources. Epitaxial quantum dots (QDs) have been made capable of on-demand photon generation with high purity, indistinguishability and brightness, although they require precise fabrication and face challenges in scalability. By contrast, colloidal QDs are batch synthesized in solution but typically have broader linewidths, low single-photon purities and unstable emission. Here we demonstrate spectrally stable, pure and narrow-linewidth single-photon emission from InP/ZnSe/ZnS colloidal QDs. Using photon correlation Fourier spectroscopy, we observe single-dot linewidths as narrow as ~5 µeV at 4 K, giving a lower-bounded optical coherence time, T2, of ~250 ps. These dots exhibit minimal spectral diffusion on timescales of microseconds to minutes, and narrow linewidths are maintained on timescales up to 50 ms, orders of magnitude longer than other colloidal systems. Moreover, these InP/ZnSe/ZnS dots have single-photon purities g(2)(τ = 0) of 0.077-0.086 in the absence of spectral filtering. This work demonstrates the potential of heavy-metal-free InP-based QDs as spectrally stable sources of single photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Proppe
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David B Berkinsky
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tara Šverko
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alexander E K Kaplan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jonah R Horowitz
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Taehyung Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejae Chung
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinae Jun
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Moungi G Bawendi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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49
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Proppe AH, Lee KLK, Kaplan AEK, Ginterseder M, Krajewska CJ, Bawendi MG. Time-Resolved Line Shapes of Single Quantum Emitters via Machine Learned Photon Correlations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:053603. [PMID: 37595234 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.053603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state single-photon emitters (SPEs) are quantum light sources that combine atomlike optical properties with solid-state integration and fabrication capabilities. SPEs are hindered by spectral diffusion, where the emitter's surrounding environment induces random energy fluctuations. Timescales of spectral diffusion span nanoseconds to minutes and require probing single emitters to remove ensemble averaging. Photon correlation Fourier spectroscopy (PCFS) can be used to measure time-resolved single emitter line shapes, but is hindered by poor signal-to-noise ratio in the measured correlation functions at early times due to low photon counts. Here, we develop a framework to simulate PCFS correlation functions directly from diffusing spectra that match well with experimental data for single colloidal quantum dots. We use these simulated datasets to train a deep ensemble autoencoder machine learning model that outputs accurate, noiseless, and probabilistic reconstructions of the noisy correlations. Using this model, we obtain reconstructed time-resolved single dot emission line shapes at timescales as low as 10 ns, which are otherwise completely obscured by noise. This enables PCFS to extract optical coherence times on the same timescales as Hong-Ou-Mandel two-photon interference, but with the advantage of providing spectral information in addition to estimates of photon indistinguishability. Our machine learning approach is broadly applicable to different photon correlation spectroscopy techniques and SPE systems, offering an enhanced tool for probing single emitter line shapes on previously inaccessible timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Proppe
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Kin Long Kelvin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Accelerated Computing Systems and Graphics, Intel Corporation, 2111 25th NE Avenue, Hillsboro, Oregon 97124, USA
| | - Alexander E K Kaplan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Matthias Ginterseder
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Chantalle J Krajewska
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Moungi G Bawendi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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50
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Pyrkov A, Aliper A, Bezrukov D, Lin YC, Polykovskiy D, Kamya P, Ren F, Zhavoronkov A. Quantum computing for near-term applications in generative chemistry and drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103675. [PMID: 37331692 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, drug discovery and life sciences have been revolutionized with machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) methods. Quantum computing is touted to be the next most significant leap in technology; one of the main early practical applications for quantum computing solutions is predicted to be in quantum chemistry simulations. Here, we review the near-term applications of quantum computing and their advantages for generative chemistry and highlight the challenges that can be addressed with noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. We also discuss the possible integration of generative systems running on quantum computers into established generative AI platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Pyrkov
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong.
| | - Alex Aliper
- Insilico Medicine AI Ltd, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dmitry Bezrukov
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Yen-Chu Lin
- Insilico Medicine Taiwan Ltd, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Feng Ren
- Insilico Medicine Shanghai Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong
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