1
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Wang H, Barry K, Zaini A, Coakley G, Moyat M, Daunt CP, Wickramasinghe LC, Azzoni R, Chatzis R, Yumnam B, Camberis M, Le Gros G, Perdijk O, Foong JPP, Bornstein JC, Marsland BJ, Harris NL. Helminth infection driven gastrointestinal hypermotility is independent of eosinophils and mediated by alterations in smooth muscle instead of enteric neurons. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011766. [PMID: 39141685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal helminth infection triggers a type 2 immune response that promotes a 'weep-and sweep' response characterised by increased mucus secretion and intestinal hypermotility, which function to dislodge the worm from its intestinal habitat. Recent studies have discovered that several other pathogens cause intestinal dysmotility through major alterations to the immune and enteric nervous systems (ENS), and their interactions, within the gastrointestinal tract. However, the involvement of these systems has not been investigated for helminth infections. Eosinophils represent a key cell type recruited by the type 2 immune response and alter intestinal motility under steady-state conditions. Our study aimed to investigate whether altered intestinal motility driven by the murine hookworm, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, infection involves eosinophils and how the ENS and smooth muscles of the gut are impacted. Eosinophil deficiency did not influence helminth-induced intestinal hypermotility and hypermotility did not involve gross structural or functional changes to the ENS. Hypermotility was instead associated with a dramatic increase in smooth muscle thickness and contractility, an observation that extended to another rodent nematode, Heligmosomoides polygyrus. In summary our data indicate that, in contrast to other pathogens, helminth-induced intestinal hypermotility is driven by largely by myogenic, rather than neurogenic, alterations with such changes occurring independently of eosinophils. (<300 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozhe Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kristian Barry
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aidil Zaini
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gillian Coakley
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mati Moyat
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carmel P Daunt
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lakshanie C Wickramasinghe
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rossana Azzoni
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roxanne Chatzis
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bibek Yumnam
- The Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Mali Camberis
- The Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Graham Le Gros
- The Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Olaf Perdijk
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jaime P P Foong
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joel C Bornstein
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Marsland
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicola L Harris
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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2
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Bessell E, Finlay RE, James LK, Ludewig B, Harris NL, Krebs P, Hepworth MR, Dubey LK. Stromal cell and B cell dialogue potentiates IL-33-enriched lymphoid niches to support eosinophil recruitment and function during type 2 immunity. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114620. [PMID: 39141517 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are involved in host protection against multicellular organisms. However, their recruitment to the mesenteric lymph node (mLN) during type 2 immunity is understudied. Our results demonstrate that eosinophil association with lymphoid stromal niches constructed by fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) and lymphatic endothelial cells is diminished in mice selectively lacking interleukin (IL)-4Rα or lymphotoxin-β (LTβ) expression on B cells. Furthermore, eosinophil survival, activation, and enhanced Il1rl1 receptor expression are driven by stromal cell and B cell dialogue. The ligation of lymphotoxin-β receptor (LTβR) on FRCs improves eosinophil survival and significantly augments IL-33 expression and eosinophil homing to the mLN, thus confirming the significance of lymphotoxin signaling for granulocyte recruitment. Eosinophil-deficient ΔdblGATA-1 mice show diminished mLN expansion, reduced interfollicular region (IFR) alarmin expression, and delayed helminth clearance, elucidating their importance in type 2 immunity. These findings provide insight into dialogue between stromal cells and B cells, which govern mLN eosinophilia, and the relevance of these mechanisms during type 2 immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Bessell
- William Harvey Research Institute (WHRI), Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK; Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rachel E Finlay
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Louisa K James
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Nicola L Harris
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Philippe Krebs
- Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthew R Hepworth
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lalit Kumar Dubey
- William Harvey Research Institute (WHRI), Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK; Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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3
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Kanika, Ahmad A, Kumar A, Rahul, Mishra RK, Ali N, Navik U, Parvez S, Khan R. Leveraging thiol-functionalized biomucoadhesive hybrid nanoliposome for local therapy of ulcerative colitis. Biomaterials 2024; 312:122747. [PMID: 39142219 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Directly administering medication to inflamed intestinal sites for treating ulcerative colitis (UC), poses significant challenges like retention time, absorption variability, side effects, drug stability, and non-specific delivery. Recent advancements in therapy to treat colitis aim to improve local drug availability that is enema therapy at the site of inflammation, thereby reducing systemic adverse effects. Nevertheless, a key limitation lies in enemas' inability to sustain medication in the colon due to rapid peristaltic movement, diarrhea, and poor local adherence. Therefore, in this work, we have developed site-specific thiolated mucoadhesive anionic nanoliposomes to overcome the limitations of conventional enema therapy. The thiolated delivery system allows prolonged residence of the delivery system at the inflamed site in the colon, confirmed by the adhesion potential of thiolated nanoliposomes using in-vitro and in-vivo models. To further provide therapeutic efficacy thiolated nanoliposomes were loaded with gallic acid (GA), a natural compound known for its antibacterial, antioxidant, and potent anti-inflammatory properties. Consequently, Gallic Acid-loaded Thiolated 2,6 DALP DMPG (GATh@APDL) demonstrates the potential for targeted adhesion to the inflamed colon, facilitated by their small size 100 nm and anionic nature. Therapeutic studies indicate that this formulation offers protective effects by mitigating colonic inflammation, downregulating the expression of NF-κB, HIF-1α, and MMP-9, and demonstrating superior efficacy compared to the free GA enema. The encapsulated GA inhibits the NF-κB expression, leading to enhanced expression of MUC2 protein, thereby promoting mucosal healing in the colon. Furthermore, GATh@APDL effectively reduces neutrophil infiltration and regulates immune cell quantification in colonic lamina propria. Our findings suggest that GATh@APDL holds promise for alleviating UC and addressing the limitations of conventional enema therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Anas Ahmad
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Rahul
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302017, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, UPES, Dehradun, India
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umashanker Navik
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Ghudda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Rehan Khan
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Sector 81, Knowledge City, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India.
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4
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Jacobs I, Deleu S, Cremer J, De Hertogh G, Vermeire S, Breynaert C, Vanuytsel T, Verstockt B. Eosinophil Depletion as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy in Acute and Chronic Intestinal Inflammation Based on a Dextran Sulfate Sodium Colitis Model. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024:izae168. [PMID: 39107256 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izae168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A role for eosinophils in intestinal inflammation and fibrosis in the context of inflammatory bowel disease has been suggested, yet the precise nature, whether causal or secondary remains debated. Hence, it remains unclear whether targeting eosinophils should be further explored as a treatment option in inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS Acute and chronic dextran sulfate sodium colitis was induced in wild-type C57BL/6 mice. Eosinophils were depleted by anti-CCR3 injections before colitis induction in a chronic model and after colitis onset in an acute model in order to investigate the impact of eosinophil depletion on pre-existing colitis. Inflammation was assessed using the disease activity index, macroscopic damage, and histological disease activity score. In the chronic model, fibrosis was assessed by examining colon weight/length ratio, collagen deposition through Martius Scarlet Blue staining, hydroxyproline assay, and COL1A1 expression. Protein and gene expression were assessed using the Meso Scale Discovery platform and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS In the acute and chronic colitis model, eosinophil depletion resulted in reduced disease activity and faster recovery, as observed via the total area under the curve of the disease activity index (P = .004 and P = .02, respectively), macroscopic damage score (P = .009 and P = .08, respectively), and histological disease activity score (P = .09 and P = .002, respectively). In the acute model, the accelerated recovery was accompanied by an increase in interleukin (IL)-10 (P = .03) and a decrease in IL-4 (P = .03) and IL-6 (P = .009). Colon weight/length ratio and collagen deposition were not affected by eosinophil depletion. CONCLUSIONS Eosinophil depletion prevents and decreases intestinal inflammation in a preclinical dextran sulfate sodium model without affecting fibrosis. These results pave the way for exploring eosinophil depletion as a novel treatment modality in addressing intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Jacobs
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sara Deleu
- Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Cremer
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gert De Hertogh
- Translational Cell & Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Séverine Vermeire
- Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine Breynaert
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of General Internal Medicine, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim Vanuytsel
- Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram Verstockt
- Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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5
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Luo J, Chen W, Liu W, Jiang S, Ye Y, Shrimanker R, Hynes G, Klenerman P, Pavord ID, Xue L. IL-5 antagonism reverses priming and activation of eosinophils in severe eosinophilic asthma. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:524-536. [PMID: 38493955 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Eosinophils are key effector cells mediating airway inflammation and exacerbation in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma. They are present in increased numbers and activation states in the airway mucosa and lumen. Interleukin-5 (IL-5) is the key eosinophil growth factor that is thought to play a role in eosinophil priming and activation. However, the mechanism of these effects is still not fully understood. The anti-IL-5 antibody mepolizumab reduces eosinophil counts in the airway modestly but has a large beneficial effect on the frequency of exacerbations of severe eosinophilic asthma, suggesting that reduction in eosinophil priming and activation is of central mechanistic importance. In this study, we used the therapeutic effect of mepolizumab and single-cell ribonucleic acid sequencing to investigate the mechanism of eosinophil priming and activation by IL-5. We demonstrated that IL-5 is a dominant driver of eosinophil priming and plays multifaceted roles in eosinophil function. It enhances eosinophil responses to other stimulators of migration, survival, and activation by activating phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinases, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathways. It also enhances the pro-fibrotic roles of eosinophils in airway remodeling via transforming growth factor-β pathway. These findings provide a mechanistic understanding of eosinophil priming in severe eosinophilic asthma and the therapeutic effect of anti-IL-5 approaches in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Luo
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Wentao Chen
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Liu
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Ye
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rahul Shrimanker
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Hynes
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit and Peter Medawar Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ian D Pavord
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Luzheng Xue
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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6
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Rupani H, Busse WW, Howarth PH, Bardin PG, Adcock IM, Konno S, Jackson DJ. Therapeutic relevance of eosinophilic inflammation and airway viral interactions in severe asthma. Allergy 2024. [PMID: 39087443 DOI: 10.1111/all.16242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The role of eosinophils in airway inflammation and asthma pathogenesis is well established, with raised eosinophil counts in blood and sputum associated with increased disease severity and risk of asthma exacerbation. Conversely, there is also preliminary evidence suggesting antiviral properties of eosinophils in the airways. These dual roles for eosinophils are particularly pertinent as respiratory virus infections contribute to asthma exacerbations. Biologic therapies targeting key molecules implicated in eosinophil-associated pathologies have been approved in patients with severe asthma and, therefore, the effects of depleting eosinophils in a clinical setting are of considerable interest. This review discusses the pathological and antiviral roles of eosinophils in asthma and exacerbations. We also highlight the significant reduction in asthma exacerbations seen with biologic therapies, even at the height of the respiratory virus season. Furthermore, we discuss the implications of these findings in relation to the role of eosinophils in inflammation and antiviral responses to respiratory virus infection in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitasha Rupani
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - William W Busse
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Peter H Howarth
- Global Medical, Global Specialty and Primary Care, GSK, Brentford, Middlesex, UK
| | - Philip G Bardin
- Monash Lung Sleep Allergy and Immunology, Monash University and Medical Centre and Hudson Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Satoshi Konno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - David J Jackson
- Guy's Severe Asthma Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals, London, UK
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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7
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Shen W, Liang Y, Lv D, Xie N. Novel insights into the heterogeneity of FOXP3 + Treg cells in drug-induced allergic reactions through single-cell transcriptomics. Immunol Res 2024:10.1007/s12026-024-09509-1. [PMID: 39073709 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-024-09509-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
This study uncovers the novel heterogeneity of FOXP3 + regulatory T (Treg) cells and their pivotal role in modulating immune responses during drug-induced allergic reactions, employing cutting-edge single-cell transcriptomics. We established a mouse model for drug-induced allergic reactions and utilized single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to analyze the transcriptomic landscapes of FOXP3 + Treg cells isolated from affected tissues. The study involved both in vitro and in vivo approaches to evaluate the impact of FOXP3 expression levels on the immunoregulatory functions of Treg cells during allergic responses. Techniques included flow cytometry, cluster analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), CCK8 and CSFE assays for cell proliferation, LDH release assays for toxicity, ELISA for cytokine profiling, and CRISPR/Cas9 technology for gene editing. Our findings revealed significant transcriptomic heterogeneity among FOXP3 + Treg cells in the context of drug-induced allergic reactions, with distinct subpopulations exhibiting unique gene expression profiles. This heterogeneity suggests specialized roles in immune regulation. We observed a decrease in the proliferative capacity and cytokine secretion of FOXP3 + Treg cells following allergic stimulation, alongside an increase in reaction toxicity. Manipulating FOXP3 expression levels directly influenced these outcomes, where FOXP3 deletion exacerbated allergic responses, whereas its overexpression mitigated them. Notably, in vivo experiments demonstrated that FOXP3 overexpression significantly reduced the severity of allergic skin reactions in mice. Our study presents novel insights into the heterogeneity and crucial immunoregulatory role of FOXP3 + Treg cells during drug-induced allergic reactions. Overexpression of FOXP3 emerges as a potential therapeutic strategy to alleviate such allergic responses. These findings contribute significantly to our understanding of immune regulation and the development of targeted treatments for drug-induced allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shen
- Gansu Institute for Drug Control, No.7 Yin'an Road, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yibo Liang
- Gansu Institute for Drug Control, No.7 Yin'an Road, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Dong Lv
- Gansu Institute for Drug Control, No.7 Yin'an Road, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Nan Xie
- Gansu Institute for Drug Control, No.7 Yin'an Road, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.
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8
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Itan M, Dulberg S, Kaminitz A, Munitz A, Madi A. Eosinophils exhibit a unique transcriptional signature and increased sensitivity to IL-3-induced activation in response to colorectal cancer cells. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 116:424-435. [PMID: 38478700 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils have been mainly studied in allergic diseases and parasitic infections. Nonetheless, eosinophils accumulate in a variety of solid tumors, including colorectal cancer, where their presence is associated with improved prognosis. Eosinophils can promote antitumor immunity through various mechanisms, including direct cytotoxicity toward tumor cells and promoting T-cell activation. However, the mechanisms by which tumor cells regulate eosinophil activities are largely unknown. Herein, we characterized the potential interactions between eosinophils and colorectal cancer cells using an unbiased transcriptomic and proteomic analyses approach. Human eosinophils were stimulated with colorectal cancer cell conditioned media, containing tumor cell secreted factors from multiple cancer cell lines. RNA sequencing analysis identified a "core" signature consisting of 101 genes that characterize a baseline transcriptional program for the response of human eosinophils to colorectal cancer cells. Among these, the increased expression of IL-3Rα and its βc chain was identified and validated at the protein level. Secreted factors from tumor cells potentiated IL-3-induced expression of the adhesion molecule CD11a in eosinophils. Combining proteomics analysis of tumor cell secreted factors with RNA sequencing revealed potential ligand-receptor pairs between tumor cells and eosinophils and the potential involvement of the adhesion molecule CD18 and F2RL3/PAR4. Subsequent functional analyses demonstrated that F2RL3/PAR4 suppresses eosinophil migration in response tumor cell secreted factors. These findings add to the growing body of evidence that eosinophils are conditioned by their local microenvironment. Identifying mechanisms by which eosinophils interact with tumor cells could lead to the development of new immunotherapies for colorectal cancer and other solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Itan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shai Dulberg
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ayelet Kaminitz
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ariel Munitz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Asaf Madi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
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9
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Weighardt H, Shapiro M, Mayer M, Förster I, Stockinger B, Diny NL. The AHR repressor limits expression of antimicrobial genes but not AHR-dependent genes in intestinal eosinophils. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 116:369-378. [PMID: 38701199 PMCID: PMC11271977 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal eosinophils express the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), an environmental sensor and ligand-activated transcription factor that responds to dietary or environmental ligands. AHR regulates tissue adaptation, survival, adhesion, and immune functions in intestinal eosinophils. The AHR repressor (AHRR) is itself induced by AHR and believed to limit AHR activity in a negative feedback loop. We analyzed gene expression in intestinal eosinophils from wild-type and AHRR knockout mice and found that AHRR did not suppress most AHR-dependent genes. Instead, AHRR limited the expression of a distinct small set of genes involved in the innate immune response. These included S100 proteins, antimicrobial proteins, and alpha-defensins. Using bone marrow-derived eosinophils, we found that AHRR knockout eosinophils released more reactive oxygen species upon stimulation. This work shows that the paradigm of AHRR as a repressor of AHR transcriptional activity does not apply to intestinal eosinophils. Rather, AHRR limits the expression of innate immune response and antimicrobial genes, possibly to maintain an anti-inflammatory phenotype in eosinophils when exposed to microbial signals in the intestinal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Weighardt
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Shapiro
- AhR Immunity Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Mayer
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Irmgard Förster
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Brigitta Stockinger
- AhR Immunity Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Laura Diny
- AhR Immunity Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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10
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Schworer SA, Olbrich CL, Larsen LD, Howard E, Liu L, Koyama K, Spencer LA. Notch 2 signaling contributes to intestinal eosinophil adaptations in steady state and tissue burden following oral allergen challenge. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 116:379-391. [PMID: 38789100 PMCID: PMC11271981 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils not only function as inflammatory effectors in allergic diseases, but also contribute to tissue homeostasis in steady state. Emerging data are revealing tissue eosinophils to be adaptive cells, imprinted by their local tissue microenvironment and exhibiting distinct functional phenotypes that may contribute to their homeostatic vs. inflammatory capacities. However, signaling pathways that regulate eosinophil tissue adaptations remain elusive. Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that mediates differential cell fate programming of both pre- and postmitotic immune cells. This study investigated a role for notch receptor 2 signaling in regulating eosinophil functions and tissue phenotype in both humans and mice. Notch 2 receptors were constitutively expressed and active in human blood eosinophils. Pharmacologic neutralization of notch 2 in ex vivo stimulated human eosinophils altered their activated transcriptome and prevented their cytokine-mediated survival. Genetic ablation of eosinophil-expressed notch 2 in mice diminished steady-state intestine-specific eosinophil adaptations and impaired their tissue retention in a food allergic response. In contrast, notch 2 had no effect on eosinophil phenotype or tissue inflammation within the context of allergic airways inflammation, suggesting that notch 2-dependent regulation of eosinophil phenotype and function is specific to the gut. These data reveal notch 2 signaling as a cell-intrinsic mechanism that contributes to eosinophil survival, function, and intestine-specific adaptations. The notch 2 pathway may represent a viable strategy to reprogram eosinophil functional phenotypes in gastrointestinal eosinophil-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Schworer
- Division of Allergy and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, United States
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Marsico Lung Institute, 125 Mason Farm Road, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Courtney L Olbrich
- Division of Allergy and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, United States
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, and Mucosal Inflammation Program, 12700 E. 19th Ave, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
- Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Diseases Program, Digestive Health Institute, 13123 E. 16th Ave, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Leigha D Larsen
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, and Mucosal Inflammation Program, 12700 E. 19th Ave, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
- Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Diseases Program, Digestive Health Institute, 13123 E. 16th Ave, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Emily Howard
- Division of Allergy and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Linying Liu
- Division of Allergy and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Kenya Koyama
- Division of Allergy and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, United States
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Shimotsugagun, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Lisa A Spencer
- Division of Allergy and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, United States
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, and Mucosal Inflammation Program, 12700 E. 19th Ave, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
- Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Diseases Program, Digestive Health Institute, 13123 E. 16th Ave, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
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11
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Bowen JL, Keck K, Baruah S, Nguyen KH, Thurman AL, Pezzulo AA, Klesney-Tait J. Eosinophil expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) restricts type 2 lung inflammation. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 116:409-423. [PMID: 38547428 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Asthma affects 25 million Americans, and recent advances in treatment are effective for only a portion of severe asthma patients. TREM-1, an innate receptor that canonically amplifies inflammatory signaling in neutrophils and monocytes, plays a central role in regulating lung inflammation. It is unknown how TREM-1 contributes to allergic asthma pathology. Utilizing a murine model of asthma, flow cytometry revealed TREM-1+ eosinophils in the lung tissue and airway during allergic airway inflammation. TREM-1 expression was restricted to recruited, inflammatory eosinophils. Expression was induced on bone marrow-derived eosinophils by incubation with interleukin 33, lipopolysaccharide, or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Compared to TREM-1- airway eosinophils, TREM-1+ eosinophils were enriched for proinflammatory gene sets, including migration, respiratory burst, and cytokine production. Unexpectedly, eosinophil-specific ablation of TREM-1 exacerbated airway interleukin (IL) 5 production, airway MUC5AC production, and lung tissue eosinophil accumulation. Further investigation of transcriptional data revealed apoptosis and superoxide generation-related gene sets were enriched in TREM-1+ eosinophils. Consistent with these findings, annexin V and caspase-3/7 staining demonstrated higher rates of apoptosis among TREM-1+ eosinophils compared to TREM-1- eosinophils in the inflammatory airway. In vitro, Trem1/3-/- bone marrow-derived eosinophils consumed less oxygen than wild-type in response to phorbol myristate acetate, suggesting that TREM-1 promotes superoxide generation in eosinophils. These data reveal protein-level expression of TREM-1 by eosinophils, define a population of TREM-1+ inflammatory eosinophils, and demonstrate that eosinophil TREM-1 restricts key features of type 2 lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayden L Bowen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 375 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 501 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kathy Keck
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Sankar Baruah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Protein and Crystallography Facility, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 51 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kathy H Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 375 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Andrew L Thurman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Alejandro A Pezzulo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Julia Klesney-Tait
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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12
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Chang LA, Schotsaert M. Ally, adversary, or arbitrator? The context-dependent role of eosinophils in vaccination for respiratory viruses and subsequent breakthrough infections. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 116:224-243. [PMID: 38289826 PMCID: PMC11288382 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are a critical type of immune cell and central players in type 2 immunity. Existing literature suggests that eosinophils also can play a role in host antiviral responses, typically type 1 immune events, against multiple respiratory viruses, both directly through release of antiviral mediators and indirectly through activation of other effector cell types. One way to prime host immune responses toward effective antiviral responses is through vaccination, where typically a type 1-skewed immunity is desirable in the context of intracellular pathogens like respiratory viruses. In the realm of breakthrough respiratory viral infection in vaccinated hosts, an event in which virus can still establish productive infection despite preexisting immunity, eosinophils are most prominently known for their link to vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease upon natural respiratory syncytial virus infection. This was observed in a pediatric cohort during the 1960s following vaccination with formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus. More recent research has unveiled additional roles of the eosinophil in respiratory viral infection and breakthrough infection. The specific contribution of eosinophils to the quality of vaccine responses, vaccine efficacy, and antiviral responses to infection in vaccinated hosts remains largely unexplored, especially regarding their potential roles in protection. On the basis of current findings, we will speculate upon the suggested function of eosinophils and consider the many potential ways by which eosinophils may exert protective and pathological effects in breakthrough infections. We will also discuss how to balance vaccine efficacy with eosinophil-related risks, as well as the use of eosinophils and their products as potential biomarkers of vaccine efficacy or adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Chang
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1124, New York, NY 10029, United States
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1124, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1124, New York, NY 10029, United States
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1124, New York, NY 10029, United States
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Box 1630, New York, NY 10029, United States
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, United States
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13
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Michael AN, Pivniouk O, Ezeh PC, Banskar S, Hahn S, DeVries A, O’Connell K, Pivniouk V, Vercelli D. Administration of a bacterial lysate to the airway compartment is sufficient to inhibit allergen-induced lung eosinophilia in germ-free mice. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 116:392-397. [PMID: 38470858 PMCID: PMC11271978 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The nexus between eosinophils and microbes is attracting increasing attention. We previously showed that airway administration of sterile microbial products contained in dust collected from traditional dairy farms virtually abrogated bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) eosinophilia and other cardinal asthma phenotypes in allergen-sensitized specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice. Interestingly, comparable inhibition of allergen-induced BAL eosinophilia and promotion of airway barrier integrity were found upon administration of a sterile, pharmacological-grade bacterial lysate, OM-85, to the airway compartment of allergen-sensitized SPF mice. Here, we asked whether intrinsic properties of airway-delivered microbial products were sufficient to inhibit allergic lung inflammation or whether these effects were mediated by reprogramming of the host microbiota. We compared germ-free (GF) mice and offspring of GF mice associated with healthy mouse gut microbiota and maintained under SPF conditions for multiple generations (Ex-GF mice). These mice were treated intranasally with OM-85 and evaluated in the ovalbumin and Alternaria models of allergic asthma focusing primarily on BAL eosinophilia. Levels of allergen-induced BAL eosinophilia were comparable in GF and conventionalized Ex-GF mice. Airway administration of the OM-85 bacterial lysate was sufficient to inhibit allergen-induced lung eosinophilia in both Ex-GF and GF mice, suggesting that host microbiota are not required for the protective effects of bacterial products in these models and local airway exposure to microbial products is an effective source of protection. OM-85-dependent inhibition of BAL eosinophilia in GF mice was accompanied by suppression of lung type 2 cytokines and eosinophil-attracting chemokines, suggesting that OM-85 may work at least by decreasing eosinophil lung recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N Michael
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue P.O. Box 245030, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
| | - Oksana Pivniouk
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue P.O. Box 245030, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
| | - Peace C Ezeh
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue P.O. Box 245030, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
| | - Sunil Banskar
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue P.O. Box 245030, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
| | - Seongmin Hahn
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue P.O. Box 245030, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
| | - Avery DeVries
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue P.O. Box 245030, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
| | - Kathryn O’Connell
- University Animal Care, University of Arizona, BIO5 Institute, 1657 E Helen Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Vadim Pivniouk
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue P.O. Box 245030, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue P.O. Box 245044, Tucson AZ 85724-5044, United States
| | - Donata Vercelli
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue P.O. Box 245030, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue P.O. Box 245044, Tucson AZ 85724-5044, United States
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, 1657 E Helen Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
- Arizona Center for the Biology of Complex Diseases, University of Arizona, BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
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14
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Parrish KM, Gestal MC. Eosinophils as drivers of bacterial immunomodulation and persistence. Infect Immun 2024:e0017524. [PMID: 39007622 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00175-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, eosinophils have been linked to parasitic infections and pathological disease states. However, emerging literature has unveiled a more nuanced and intricate role for these cells, demonstrating their key functions in maintaining mucosal homeostasis. Eosinophils exhibit diverse phenotypes and exert multifaceted effects during infections, ranging from promoting pathogen persistence to triggering allergic reactions. Our investigations primarily focus on Bordetella spp., with particular emphasis on Bordetella bronchiseptica, a natural murine pathogen that induces diseases in mice akin to pertussis in humans. Recent findings from our published work have unveiled a striking interaction between B. bronchiseptica and eosinophils, facilitated by the btrS-mediated mechanism. This interaction serves to enhance pathogen persistence while concurrently delaying adaptive immune responses. Notably, this role of eosinophils is only noted in the absence of a functional btrS signaling pathway, indicating that wild-type B. bronchiseptica, and possibly other Bordetella spp., possess such adeptness in manipulating eosinophils that the true function of these cells remains obscured during infection. In this review, we present the mounting evidence pointing toward eosinophils as targets of bacterial exploitation, facilitating pathogen persistence and fostering chronic infections in diverse mucosal sites, including the lungs, gut, and skin. We underscore the pivotal role of the master regulator of Bordetella pathogenesis, the sigma factor BtrS, in orchestrating eosinophil-dependent immunomodulation within the context of pulmonary infection. These putative convergent strategies of targeting eosinophils offer promising avenues for the development of novel therapeutics targeting respiratory and other mucosal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn M Parrish
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Monica C Gestal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
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15
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Migliorisi G, Mastrorocco E, Dal Buono A, Gabbiadini R, Pellegatta G, Spaggiari P, Racca F, Heffler E, Savarino EV, Bezzio C, Repici A, Armuzzi A. Eosinophils, Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Diseases, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Critical Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4119. [PMID: 39064159 PMCID: PMC11278413 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13144119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (EGIDs) are complex, multifactorial chronic inflammatory disorders affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Their epidemiology, particularly for eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), is increasing worldwide, with a rise in the co-diagnosis of IBD and EGIDs. Both disorders share common risk factors, such as early exposure to antibiotics or specific dietary habits. Moreover, from a molecular perspective, eosinophilic infiltration is crucial in the diagnosis of eosinophilic disorders, and it also plays a pivotal role in IBD histological diagnosis. Indeed, recent evidence highlights the significant role of eosinophils in the health of the intestinal mucosal barrier and as mediators between innate and acquired immunity, even indicating a potential role in IBD pathogenesis. This narrative review aims to summarize the current evidence regarding the common clinical and molecular aspects of EGIDs and IBD and the current state of knowledge regarding overlap conditions and their pathogenesis. METHODS Pubmed was searched until May 2023 to assess relevant studies describing the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and therapy of EGIDs in IBD. RESULTS The immune pathways and mechanisms underlying both EGIDs and IBD remain partially known. An improved understanding of the role of eosinophils in overlapping conditions could lead to enhanced diagnostic precision, the development of more effective future therapeutic strategies, and a more accurate prediction of patient response. Consequently, the identification of red flags indicative of an eosinophilic disorder in IBD patients is of paramount importance and must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Migliorisi
- IBD Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (G.M.); (E.M.); (A.D.B.); (R.G.); (C.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (G.P.); (F.R.); (E.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Elisabetta Mastrorocco
- IBD Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (G.M.); (E.M.); (A.D.B.); (R.G.); (C.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (G.P.); (F.R.); (E.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Arianna Dal Buono
- IBD Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (G.M.); (E.M.); (A.D.B.); (R.G.); (C.B.)
| | - Roberto Gabbiadini
- IBD Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (G.M.); (E.M.); (A.D.B.); (R.G.); (C.B.)
| | - Gaia Pellegatta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (G.P.); (F.R.); (E.H.); (A.R.)
- Endoscopic Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Paola Spaggiari
- Department of Pathology, Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy;
| | - Francesca Racca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (G.P.); (F.R.); (E.H.); (A.R.)
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS—Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Enrico Heffler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (G.P.); (F.R.); (E.H.); (A.R.)
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS—Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Edoardo Vincenzo Savarino
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, University of Padua, 35122 Padova, Italy;
| | - Cristina Bezzio
- IBD Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (G.M.); (E.M.); (A.D.B.); (R.G.); (C.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (G.P.); (F.R.); (E.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Alessandro Repici
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (G.P.); (F.R.); (E.H.); (A.R.)
- Endoscopic Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Armuzzi
- IBD Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (G.M.); (E.M.); (A.D.B.); (R.G.); (C.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; (G.P.); (F.R.); (E.H.); (A.R.)
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16
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Jorssen J, Van Hulst G, Mollers K, Pujol J, Petrellis G, Baptista AP, Schetters S, Baron F, Caers J, Lambrecht BN, Dewals BG, Bureau F, Desmet CJ. Single-cell proteomics and transcriptomics capture eosinophil development and identify the role of IL-5 in their lineage transit amplification. Immunity 2024; 57:1549-1566.e8. [PMID: 38776917 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The activities, ontogeny, and mechanisms of lineage expansion of eosinophils are less well resolved than those of other immune cells, despite the use of biological therapies targeting the eosinophilia-promoting cytokine interleukin (IL)-5 or its receptor, IL-5Rα. We combined single-cell proteomics and transcriptomics and generated transgenic IL-5Rα reporter mice to revisit eosinophilopoiesis. We reconciled human and murine eosinophilopoiesis and provided extensive cell-surface immunophenotyping and transcriptomes at different stages along the continuum of eosinophil maturation. We used these resources to show that IL-5 promoted eosinophil-lineage expansion via transit amplification, while its deletion or neutralization did not compromise eosinophil maturation. Informed from our resources, we also showed that interferon response factor-8, considered an essential promoter of myelopoiesis, was not intrinsically required for eosinophilopoiesis. This work hence provides resources, methods, and insights for understanding eosinophil ontogeny, the effects of current precision therapeutics, and the regulation of eosinophil development and numbers in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Jorssen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, B34 Avenue de l'Hopital 1, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Glenn Van Hulst
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, B34 Avenue de l'Hopital 1, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Kiréna Mollers
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, B34 Avenue de l'Hopital 1, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Julien Pujol
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, B34 Avenue de l'Hopital 1, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Georgios Petrellis
- Laboratory of Parasitology, FARAH Institute, University of Liege, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Avenue de Cureghem 10, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Antonio P Baptista
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sjoerd Schetters
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Baron
- Laboratory of Haematology, GIGA Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Liege University Hospital Centre, University of Liege, B34 Avenue de l'Hopital 1, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Jo Caers
- Laboratory of Haematology, GIGA Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Liege University Hospital Centre, University of Liege, B34 Avenue de l'Hopital 1, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Benjamin G Dewals
- Laboratory of Parasitology, FARAH Institute, University of Liege, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Avenue de Cureghem 10, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Fabrice Bureau
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, B34 Avenue de l'Hopital 1, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Christophe J Desmet
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, B34 Avenue de l'Hopital 1, 4000 Liege, Belgium.
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17
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Arnold IC, Munitz A. Spatial adaptation of eosinophils and their emerging roles in homeostasis, infection and disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41577-024-01048-y. [PMID: 38982311 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01048-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Eosinophils are bone marrow-derived granulocytes that are traditionally associated with type 2 immune responses, such as those that occur during parasite infections and allergy. Emerging evidence demonstrates the remarkable functional plasticity of this elusive cell type and its pleiotropic functions in diverse settings. Eosinophils broadly contribute to tissue homeostasis, host defence and immune regulation, predominantly at mucosal sites. The scope of their activities primarily reflects the breadth of their portfolio of secreted mediators, which range from cytotoxic cationic proteins and reactive oxygen species to multiple cytokines, chemokines and lipid mediators. Here, we comprehensively review basic eosinophil biology that is directly related to their activities in homeostasis, protective immunity, regeneration and cancer. We examine how dysregulation of these functions contributes to the physiopathology of a broad range of inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, we discuss recent findings regarding the tissue compartmentalization and adaptation of eosinophils, shedding light on the factors that likely drive their functional diversification within tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle C Arnold
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Ariel Munitz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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18
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Sunusi U, Ziegelmeyer B, Osuji I, Medvedovic M, Todd H, Abou-Khalil J, Zimmermann N. Pathophysiology of hypereosinophilia-associated heart disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.03.601845. [PMID: 39005455 PMCID: PMC11245001 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.03.601845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Cardiac complications in patients with hypereosinophilia cause significant morbidity and mortality. However, mechanisms of how eosinophilic inflammation causes heart damage are poorly understood. Methods We developed a model of hypereosinophilia-associated heart disease by challenging hypereosinophilic mice with peptide from the cardiac myosin heavy chain. Disease outcomes were measured by histology, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and measurement of cells and biomarkers in peripheral blood. Eosinophil dependence was determined by using eosinophil-deficient mice (ΔdblGATA). Single cells from heart were subjected to single cell RNA sequencing to assess cell composition, subtypes and expression profiles. Results Mice challenged with myocarditic and control peptide had peripheral blood leukocytosis, but only those challenged with myocarditic peptide had heart inflammation. Heart tissue was infiltrated by eosinophil-rich inflammatory infiltrates associated with cardiomyocyte damage. Disease penetrance and severity were dependent on the presence of eosinophils. Single cell RNA sequencing showed enrichment of myeloid cells, T-cells and granulocytes (neutrophils and eosinophils) in the myocarditic mice. Macrophages were M2 skewed, and eosinophils had an activated phenotype. Gene enrichment analysis identified several pathways potentially involved in pathophysiology of disease. Conclusion Eosinophils are required for heart damage in hypereosinophilia-associated heart disease. Additionally, myeloid cells, granulocytes and T-cell cooperatively or independently participate in the pathogenesis of hypereosinophilia-associated heart disease.
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Sakai C, Matsuyama M, Nakajima M, Matsumura S, Nonaka M, Arai N, Kuramoto K, Yoshida K, Morishima Y, Muratani M, Hizawa N. Blood eosinophil phenotype during treatment with mepolizumab in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma. Allergol Int 2024; 73:473-476. [PMID: 38582716 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chio Sakai
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masashi Matsuyama
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Nakajima
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sosuke Matsumura
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mizu Nonaka
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naoki Arai
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kenya Kuramoto
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Yoshida
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuko Morishima
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masafumi Muratani
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hizawa
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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20
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Rodrigo-Muñoz JM, Naharro-González S, Callejas S, Relaño-Ruperez C, Torroja C, Benguria A, Lorente-Sorolla C, Gil-Martínez M, García de Castro Z, Cañas JA, Valverde-Monge M, Bernaola J, Pinillos-Robles EJ, Betancor D, Fernández-Nieto M, Dopazo A, Sánchez-Cabo F, Sánchez-Pernaute O, Rodríguez-Nieto MJ, Sastre J, Del Pozo V. Single-cell RNA sequencing of human blood eosinophils reveals plasticity and absence of canonical cell subsets. Allergy 2024. [PMID: 38934897 DOI: 10.1111/all.16213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Rodrigo-Muñoz
- Immunoallergy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Naharro-González
- Immunoallergy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Callejas
- Genomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Relaño-Ruperez
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Torroja
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Benguria
- Genomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Lorente-Sorolla
- Immunoallergy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gil-Martínez
- Immunoallergy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Zahara García de Castro
- Immunoallergy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Cañas
- Immunoallergy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcela Valverde-Monge
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Allergy Department, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Bernaola
- Allergy Department, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Diana Betancor
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Allergy Department, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Fernández-Nieto
- Allergy Department, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Dopazo
- Genomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fátima Sánchez-Cabo
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Sánchez-Pernaute
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Rodríguez-Nieto
- Pulmonology Unit, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario General de Villalba, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Sastre
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Allergy Department, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Del Pozo
- Immunoallergy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Raftery AL, O'Brien CA, Shad A, L'Estrange-Stranieri E, Hsu AT, Jacobsen EA, Harris NL, Tsantikos E, Hibbs ML. Activated eosinophils in early life impair lung development and promote long-term lung damage. Mucosal Immunol 2024:S1933-0219(24)00057-6. [PMID: 38901764 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Exaggeration of type 2 immune responses promotes lung inflammation and altered lung development; however, eosinophils, despite expansion in the postnatal lung, have not been specifically assessed in the context of neonatal lung disease. Furthermore, early life factors including prematurity and respiratory infection predispose infants to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease later in life. To assess eosinophils in the developing lung and how they may contribute to chronic lung disease, we generated mice harboring eosinophil-specific deletion of the negative regulatory enzyme SH2 domain-containing inositol 5' phosphatase-1. This increased the activity and number of pulmonary eosinophils in the developing lung, which was associated with impaired lung development, expansion of activated alveolar macrophages (AMφ), multinucleated giant cell formation, enlargement of airspaces, and fibrosis. Despite regression of eosinophils following completion of lung development, AMφ-dominated inflammation persisted, alongside lung damage. Bone marrow chimera studies showed that SH2 domain-containing inositol 5' phosphatase-1-deficient eosinophils were not sufficient to drive inflammatory lung disease in adult steady-state mice but once inflammation and damage were present, it could not be resolved. Depletion of eosinophils during alveolarization alleviated pulmonary inflammation and lung pathology, demonstrating an eosinophil-intrinsic effect. These results show that the presence of activated eosinophils during alveolarization aggravates AMφs and promotes sustained inflammation and long-lasting lung pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- April L Raftery
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Caitlin A O'Brien
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ali Shad
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elan L'Estrange-Stranieri
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amy T Hsu
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Jacobsen
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Nicola L Harris
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Evelyn Tsantikos
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Margaret L Hibbs
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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22
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Steffan BN, Townsend EA, Denlinger LC, Johansson MW. Eosinophil-Epithelial Cell Interactions in Asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38885626 DOI: 10.1159/000539309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophils have numerous roles in type 2 inflammation depending on their activation states in the blood and airway or after encounter with inflammatory mediators. Airway epithelial cells have a sentinel role in the lung and, by instructing eosinophils, likely have a foundational role in asthma pathogenesis. SUMMARY In this review, we discuss various topics related to eosinophil-epithelial cell interactions in asthma, including the influence of eosinophils and eosinophil products, e.g., granule proteins, on epithelial cell function, expression, secretion, and plasticity; the effects of epithelial released factors, including oxylipins, cytokines, and other mediators on eosinophils, e.g., on their activation, expression, and survival; possible mechanisms of eosinophil-epithelial cell adhesion; and the role of intra-epithelial eosinophils in asthma. KEY MESSAGES We suggest that eosinophils and their products can have both injurious and beneficial effects on airway epithelial cells in asthma and that there are bidirectional interactions and signaling between eosinophils and airway epithelial cells in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanne N Steffan
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Townsend
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Loren C Denlinger
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mats W Johansson
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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23
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Jing ZQ, Luo ZQ, Chen SR, Sun ZJ. Heterogeneity of myeloid cells in common cancers: Single cell insights and targeting strategies. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 134:112253. [PMID: 38735257 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME), is characterized by a complex and heterogenous composition involving a substantial population of immune cells. Myeloid cells comprising over half of the solid tumor mass, are undoubtedly one of the most prominent cell populations associated with tumors. Studies have unambiguously established that myeloid cells play a key role in tumor development, including immune suppression, pro-inflammation, promote tumor metastasis and angiogenesis, for example, tumor-associated macrophages promote tumor progression in a variety of common tumors, including lung cancer, through direct or indirect interactions with the TME. However, due to previous technological constraints, research on myeloid cells often tended to be conducted as studies with low throughput and limited resolution. For example, the conventional categorization of macrophages into M1-like and M2-like subsets based solely on their anti-tumor and pro-tumor roles has disregarded their continuum of states, resulting in an inadequate analysis of the high heterogeneity characterizing myeloid cells. The widespread adoption of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) in tumor immunology has propelled researchers into a new realm of understanding, leading to the establishment of novel subsets and targets. In this review, the origin of myeloid cells in high-incidence cancers, the functions of myeloid cell subsets examined through traditional and single-cell perspectives, as well as specific targeting strategies, are comprehensively outlined. As a result of this endeavor, we will gain a better understanding of myeloid cell heterogeneity, as well as contribute to the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qian Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zhi-Qi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Si-Rui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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24
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Easter QT, Fernandes Matuck B, Beldorati Stark G, Worth CL, Predeus AV, Fremin B, Huynh K, Ranganathan V, Ren Z, Pereira D, Rupp BT, Weaver T, Miller K, Perez P, Hasuike A, Chen Z, Bush M, Qu X, Lee J, Randell SH, Wallet SM, Sequeira I, Koo H, Tyc KM, Liu J, Ko KI, Teichmann SA, Byrd KM. Single-cell and spatially resolved interactomics of tooth-associated keratinocytes in periodontitis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5016. [PMID: 38876998 PMCID: PMC11178863 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49037-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis affects billions of people worldwide. To address relationships of periodontal niche cell types and microbes in periodontitis, we generated an integrated single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) atlas of human periodontium (34-sample, 105918-cell), including sulcular and junctional keratinocytes (SK/JKs). SK/JKs displayed altered differentiation states and were enriched for effector cytokines in periodontitis. Single-cell metagenomics revealed 37 bacterial species with cell-specific tropism. Fluorescence in situ hybridization detected intracellular 16 S and mRNA signals of multiple species and correlated with SK/JK proinflammatory phenotypes in situ. Cell-cell communication analysis predicted keratinocyte-specific innate and adaptive immune interactions. Highly multiplexed immunofluorescence (33-antibody) revealed peri-epithelial immune foci, with innate cells often spatially constrained around JKs. Spatial phenotyping revealed immunosuppressed JK-microniches and SK-localized tertiary lymphoid structures in periodontitis. Here, we demonstrate impacts on and predicted interactomics of SK and JK cells in health and periodontitis, which requires further investigation to support precision periodontal interventions in states of chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn T Easter
- Lab of Oral & Craniofacial Innovation (LOCI), Department of Innovation & Technology Research, ADA Science & Research Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Bruno Fernandes Matuck
- Lab of Oral & Craniofacial Innovation (LOCI), Department of Innovation & Technology Research, ADA Science & Research Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Khoa Huynh
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Zhi Ren
- Biofilm Research Laboratories, Center for Innovation & Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Diana Pereira
- Center for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Barts Centre for Squamous Cancer, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Brittany T Rupp
- Lab of Oral & Craniofacial Innovation (LOCI), Department of Innovation & Technology Research, ADA Science & Research Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Theresa Weaver
- Lab of Oral & Craniofacial Innovation (LOCI), Department of Innovation & Technology Research, ADA Science & Research Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Paola Perez
- Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Akira Hasuike
- Lab of Oral & Craniofacial Innovation (LOCI), Department of Innovation & Technology Research, ADA Science & Research Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zhaoxu Chen
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mandy Bush
- Respiratory TRACTS Core, Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xufeng Qu
- VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bioinformatics Shared Resource Core, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Janice Lee
- Craniofacial Anomalies & Regeneration Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Scott H Randell
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shannon M Wallet
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Inês Sequeira
- Center for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Barts Centre for Squamous Cancer, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Hyun Koo
- Biofilm Research Laboratories, Center for Innovation & Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katarzyna M Tyc
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bioinformatics Shared Resource Core, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jinze Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bioinformatics Shared Resource Core, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kang I Ko
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kevin M Byrd
- Lab of Oral & Craniofacial Innovation (LOCI), Department of Innovation & Technology Research, ADA Science & Research Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
- Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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25
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Borrelli C, Gurtner A, Arnold IC, Moor AE. Stress-free single-cell transcriptomic profiling and functional genomics of murine eosinophils. Nat Protoc 2024; 19:1679-1709. [PMID: 38504138 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-024-00967-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Eosinophils are a class of granulocytes with pleiotropic functions in homeostasis and various human diseases. Nevertheless, they are absent from conventional single-cell RNA sequencing atlases owing to technical difficulties preventing their transcriptomic interrogation. Consequently, eosinophil heterogeneity and the gene regulatory networks underpinning their diverse functions remain poorly understood. We have developed a stress-free protocol for single-cell RNA capture from murine tissue-resident eosinophils, which revealed distinct intestinal subsets and their roles in colitis. Here we describe in detail how to enrich eosinophils from multiple tissues of residence and how to capture high-quality single-cell transcriptomes by preventing transcript degradation. By combining magnetic eosinophil enrichment with microwell-based single-cell RNA capture (BD Rhapsody), our approach minimizes shear stress and processing time. Moreover, we report how to perform genome-wide CRISPR pooled genetic screening in ex vivo-conditioned bone marrow-derived eosinophils to functionally probe pathways required for their differentiation and intestinal maturation. These protocols can be performed by any researcher with basic skills in molecular biology and flow cytometry, and can be adapted to investigate other granulocytes, such as neutrophils and mast cells, thereby offering potential insights into their roles in both homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. Single-cell transcriptomics of eosinophils can be performed in 2-3 d, while functional genomics assays may require up to 1 month.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Borrelli
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Gurtner
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle C Arnold
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Andreas E Moor
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland.
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26
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Iwasaki N, Poposki JA, Oka A, Kidoguchi M, Klingler AI, Suh LA, Bai J, Stevens WW, Peters AT, Grammer LC, Welch KC, Smith SS, Conley DB, Schleimer RP, Kern RC, Bochner BS, Tan BK, Kato A. Single cell RNA sequencing of human eosinophils from nasal polyps reveals eosinophil heterogeneity in chronic rhinosinusitis tissue. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024:S0091-6749(24)00525-6. [PMID: 38797240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is characterized by type 2 inflammation in the United States, but the actual roles that eosinophils play in CRSwNP remain largely unclear. OBJECTIVE To reveal the roles and heterogeneity of eosinophils in nasal polyp (NP) tissue, we performed single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) analysis of NP tissue. METHODS Sinonasal tissues (NP and control sinus tissue) and patient matched peripheral blood (PB) samples were obtained from 5 control patients and 5 patients with CRSwNP. Eosinophils were enriched before processing for scRNA-Seq. The gene expression profiles in eosinophils were determined by microwell-based scRNA-Seq technology (BD Rhapsody platform). We predicted the overall function of NP eosinophils by Gene Ontology (geneontology.org) enrichment and pathway analyses and confirmed expression of selected genes by flow cytometry. RESULTS After filtering out contaminating cells, we detected 5,542 eosinophils from control PB, 3,883 eosinophils from CRSwNP PB, 101 eosinophils from control sinus tissues (not included in further analyses), and 9,727 eosinophils from NPs by scRNA-Seq. We found that 204 genes were downregulated and 354 genes upregulated in NP eosinophils compared to all PB eosinophils (>1.5-fold, Padj < .05). Upregulated genes in NP eosinophils were associated with activation, cytokine-mediated signaling, growth factor activity, NF-κB signaling, and antiapoptotic molecules. NP eosinophils displayed 4 clusters revealing potential heterogeneity of eosinophils in NP tissue. CONCLUSIONS Elevated eosinophils in NP tissue appear to exist in several subtypes that may play important pathogenic roles in CRSwNP, in part by controlling inflammation and hyperproliferation of other cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naruhito Iwasaki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Chicago, Ill
| | - Julie A Poposki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Chicago, Ill
| | - Aiko Oka
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Chicago, Ill
| | - Masanori Kidoguchi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Chicago, Ill
| | - Aiko I Klingler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Chicago, Ill
| | - Lydia A Suh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Chicago, Ill
| | - Junqin Bai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Whitney W Stevens
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Chicago, Ill
| | - Anju T Peters
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Chicago, Ill
| | - Leslie C Grammer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Chicago, Ill
| | - Kevin C Welch
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Stephanie S Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - David B Conley
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Robert P Schleimer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Chicago, Ill; Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Robert C Kern
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Chicago, Ill; Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Bruce S Bochner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Chicago, Ill
| | - Bruce K Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Chicago, Ill; Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
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Miyake K, Ito J, Karasuyama H. Novel insights into the ontogeny of basophils. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2024; 5:1402841. [PMID: 38803659 PMCID: PMC11128600 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1402841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Basophils are the least common granulocytes, accounting for <1% of peripheral blood leukocytes. In the last 20 years, analytical tools for mouse basophils have been developed, and we now recognize that basophils play critical roles in various immune reactions, including the development of allergic inflammation and protective immunity against parasites. Moreover, the combined use of flow cytometric analyses and knockout mice has uncovered several progenitor cells committed to basophils in mice. Recently, advancements in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies have challenged the classical view of the differentiation of various hematopoietic cell lineages. This is also true for basophil differentiation, and studies using scRNA-seq analysis have provided novel insights into basophil differentiation, including the association of basophil differentiation with that of erythrocyte/megakaryocyte and the discovery of novel basophil progenitor cells in the mouse bone marrow. In this review, we summarize the recent findings of basophil ontogeny in both mice and humans, mainly focusing on studies using scRNA-seq analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Miyake
- Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Immler R, Nussbaumer K, Doerner A, El Bounkari O, Huber S, Abisch J, Napoli M, Schmidt S, Margraf A, Pruenster M, Rohwedder I, Lange-Sperandio B, Mall MA, de Jong R, Ohnmacht C, Bernhagen J, Voehringer D, Marth JD, Frommhold D, Sperandio M. CCR3-dependent eosinophil recruitment is regulated by sialyltransferase ST3Gal-IV. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2319057121. [PMID: 38687790 PMCID: PMC11087806 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319057121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Eosinophil recruitment is a pathological hallmark of many allergic and helminthic diseases. Here, we investigated chemokine receptor CCR3-induced eosinophil recruitment in sialyltransferase St3gal4-/- mice. We found a marked decrease in eosinophil extravasation into CCL11-stimulated cremaster muscles and into the inflamed peritoneal cavity of St3gal4-/- mice. Ex vivo flow chamber assays uncovered reduced adhesion of St3gal4-/- compared to wild type eosinophils. Using flow cytometry, we show reduced binding of CCL11 to St3gal4-/- eosinophils. Further, we noted reduced binding of CCL11 to its chemokine receptor CCR3 isolated from St3gal4-/- eosinophils. This was accompanied by almost absent CCR3 internalization of CCL11-stimulated St3gal4-/- eosinophils. Applying an ovalbumin-induced allergic airway disease model, we found a dramatic reduction in eosinophil numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid following intratracheal challenge with ovalbumin in St3gal4-deficient mice. Finally, we also investigated tissue-resident eosinophils under homeostatic conditions and found reduced resident eosinophil numbers in the thymus and adipose tissue in the absence of ST3Gal-IV. Taken together, our results demonstrate an important role of ST3Gal-IV in CCR3-induced eosinophil recruitment in vivo rendering this enzyme an attractive target in reducing unwanted eosinophil infiltration in various disorders including allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Immler
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen, PLanegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
| | - Katrin Nussbaumer
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen, PLanegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
| | - Axel Doerner
- Department of Neonatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg69120, Germany
| | - Omar El Bounkari
- Division of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München81377, Germany
| | - Silke Huber
- Institute of Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München80336, Germany
| | - Janine Abisch
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen, PLanegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
| | - Matteo Napoli
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen, PLanegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
| | - Sarah Schmidt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen, PLanegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
| | - Andreas Margraf
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen, PLanegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
| | - Monika Pruenster
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen, PLanegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
| | - Ina Rohwedder
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen, PLanegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
| | - Baerbel Lange-Sperandio
- von Haunersches Kinderspital, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München80336, Germany
| | - Marcus A. Mall
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin13353, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin10117, Germany
- German Centre for Lung Research, Associated Partner Site, Berlin13353, Germany
| | - Renske de Jong
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University and Helmholtz Center Munich, München80802, Germany
| | - Caspar Ohnmacht
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University and Helmholtz Center Munich, München80802, Germany
| | - Juergen Bernhagen
- Division of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München81377, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, München81377, Germany
- Munich Heart Alliance, München80336, Germany
| | - David Voehringer
- Institute of Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München80336, Germany
- Department of Infection Biology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen91054, Germany
| | - Jamey D. Marth
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, San Diego, CA92037
| | - David Frommhold
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen, PLanegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
- Children’s Hospital Memmingen, Memmingen87700, Germany
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen, PLanegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
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Sikder S, Pierce D, Sarkar ER, McHugh C, Quinlan KGR, Giacomin P, Loukas A. Regulation of host metabolic health by parasitic helminths. Trends Parasitol 2024; 40:386-400. [PMID: 38609741 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide pandemic and major risk factor for the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D requires lifelong medical support to limit complications and is defined by impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance (IR), and chronic low-level systemic inflammation initiating from adipose tissue. The current preventative strategies include a healthy diet, controlled physical activity, and medication targeting hyperglycemia, with underexplored underlying inflammation. Studies suggest a protective role for helminth infection in the prevention of T2D. The mechanisms may involve induction of modified type 2 and regulatory immune responses that suppress inflammation and promote insulin sensitivity. In this review, the roles of helminths in counteracting MetS, and prospects for harnessing these protective mechanisms for the development of novel anti-diabetes drugs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchandan Sikder
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia.
| | - Doris Pierce
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia
| | - Eti R Sarkar
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia; College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia
| | - Connor McHugh
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia; College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia
| | - Kate G R Quinlan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Paul Giacomin
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia; Macrobiome Therapeutics Pty Ltd, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia
| | - Alex Loukas
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia; Macrobiome Therapeutics Pty Ltd, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia
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30
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Bai J, Wang Y, Li F, Wu Y, Chen J, Li M, Wang X, Lv B. Research advancements and perspectives of inflammatory bowel disease: A comprehensive review. Sci Prog 2024; 107:368504241253709. [PMID: 38778725 PMCID: PMC11113063 DOI: 10.1177/00368504241253709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease with increasing incidence, such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The accurate etiology and pathogenesis of IBD remain unclear, and it is generally believed that it is related to genetic susceptibility, gut microbiota, environmental factors, immunological abnormalities, and potentially other factors. Currently, the mainstream therapeutic drugs are amino salicylic acid agents, corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and biological agents, but the remission rates do not surpass 30-60% of patients in a real-life setting. As a consequence, there are many studies focusing on emerging drugs and bioactive ingredients that have higher efficacy and long-term safety for achieving complete deep healing. This article begins with a review of the latest, systematic, and credible summaries of the pathogenesis of IBD. In addition, we provide a summary of the current treatments and drugs for IBD. Finally, we focus on the therapeutic effects of emerging drugs such as microRNAs and lncRNAs, nanoparticles-mediated drugs and natural products on IBD and their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Bai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fuhao Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yueyao Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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31
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Day KS, Rempel L, Rossi FMV, Theret M. Origins and functions of eosinophils in two non-mucosal tissues. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1368142. [PMID: 38585275 PMCID: PMC10995313 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1368142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are a type of granulocyte named after the presence of their eosin-stained granules. Traditionally, eosinophils have been best known to play prominent roles in anti-parasitic responses and mediating allergic reactions. Knowledge of their behaviour has expanded with time, and they are now recognized to play integral parts in the homeostasis of gastrointestinal, respiratory, skeletal muscle, adipose, and connective tissue systems. As such, they are implicated in a myriad of pathologies, and have been the target of several medical therapies. This review focuses on the lifespan of eosinophils, from their origins in the bone marrow, to their tissue-resident role. In particular, we wish to highlight the functions of eosinophils in non-mucosal tissues with skeletal muscle and the adipose tissues as examples, and to discuss the current understanding of their participation in diseased states in these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie S. Day
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Lucas Rempel
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fabio M. V. Rossi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marine Theret
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Torres-Huerta A, Ruley-Haase K, Reed T, Boger-May A, Rubadeux D, Mayer L, Rajashekara AM, Hiller M, Frech M, Roncagli C, Pedersen C, Camacho MC, Hollmer L, English L, Kane G, Boone DL. Retinoid orphan receptor gamma t (rorγt) promotes inflammatory eosinophilia but is dispensable for innate immune-mediated colitis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300892. [PMID: 38512959 PMCID: PMC10956760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) result from uncontrolled inflammation in the intestinal mucosa leading to damage and loss of function. Both innate and adaptive immunity contribute to the inflammation of IBD and innate and adaptive immune cells reciprocally activate each other in a forward feedback loop. In order to better understand innate immune contributions to IBD, we developed a model of spontaneous 100% penetrant, early onset colitis that occurs in the absence of adaptive immunity by crossing villin-TNFAIP3 mice to RAG1-/- mice (TRAG mice). This model is driven by microbes and features increased levels of innate lymphoid cells in the intestinal mucosa. To investigate the role of type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) in the innate colitis of TRAG mice, we crossed them to retinoid orphan receptor gamma t deficient (Rorγt-/-) mice. Rorγt-/- x TRAG mice exhibited markedly reduced eosinophilia in the colonic mucosa, but colitis persisted in these mice. Colitis in Rorγt-/- x TRAG mice was characterized by increased infiltration of the intestinal mucosa by neutrophils, inflammatory monocytes, macrophages and other innate cells. RNA and cellular profiles of Rorγt-/- x TRAG mice were consistent with a lack of ILC3 and ILC3 derived cytokines, reduced antimicrobial factors, increased activation oof epithelial repair processes and reduced activation of epithelial cell STAT3. The colitis in Rorγt-/- x TRAG mice was ameliorated by antibiotic treatment indicating that microbes contribute to the ILC3-independent colitis of these mice. Together, these gene expression and cell signaling signatures reflect the double-edged sword of ILC3 in the intestine, inducing both proinflammatory and antimicrobial protective responses. Thus, Rorγt promotes eosinophilia but Rorγt and Rorγt-dependent ILC3 are dispensable for the innate colitis in TRAG mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Torres-Huerta
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | - Katelyn Ruley-Haase
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | - Theodore Reed
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | - Antonia Boger-May
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | - Derek Rubadeux
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | - Lauren Mayer
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | | | - Morgan Hiller
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | - Madeleine Frech
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | - Connor Roncagli
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | - Cameron Pedersen
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | - Mary Catherine Camacho
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | - Lauren Hollmer
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | - Lauren English
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | - Grace Kane
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | - David L. Boone
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States of America
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Zhang X, Rao M, Gao P. 5-HT-treated mouse B cells alleviate ulcerative colitis via RIPK1: Insights from proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses. J Proteomics 2024; 295:105085. [PMID: 38246418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2024.105085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) exerts various physiological effects on the intestine through different signaling pathways and molecular transmission mechanisms, including pro- and anti-inflammatory effects. Adoptive transfer of regulatory B cells (Bregs) into colitis mice has exhibited significant therapeutic benefits. We aimed to elucidate the mechanism through which 5-HT-treated B cells alleviate ulcerative colitis. To this end, we analyzed the proteomic and phosphoproteomic profiles of 5-HT-stimulated B cells from naïve mice. We identified 3124 phosphorylation sites in proteins via tandem mass tagging and found 110 differential peptides after protein phosphorylation. Furthermore, we obtained three differential proteins, RIPK1, ATXN2l, and Q8C5K5 through integration of both proteomic datasets. We discovered and validated that 5-HT binds to 5-HT7R and increases the expression of RIPK1 in B cells. We propose a theoretical and experimental basis for further research on the RIPK1 signaling pathway, kinase prediction, and phosphorylation sites in ulcerative colitis. SIGNIFICANCE: Some researchers demonstrated that 5-HT can effectively suppress colitis through a variety of molecular mechanisms. Our study discovered and consistently validated the 5-HT/5-HT7R/RIPK1 pathway, further clarifying the molecular mechanism through which 5-HT stimulates B cells to alleviate intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuna Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lequn Branch, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Min Rao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lequn Branch, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Pujun Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lequn Branch, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
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Zhou J, Liu J, Wang B, Li N, Liu J, Han Y, Cao X. Eosinophils promote CD8 + T cell memory generation to potentiate anti-bacterial immunity. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:43. [PMID: 38413575 PMCID: PMC10899176 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01752-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Memory CD8+ T cell generation is crucial for pathogen elimination and effective vaccination against infection. The cellular and molecular circuitry that underlies the generation of memory CD8+ T cells remains elusive. Eosinophils can modulate inflammatory allergic responses and interact with lymphocytes to regulate their functions in immune defense. Here we report that eosinophils are required for the generation of memory CD8+ T cells by inhibiting CD8+ T cell apoptosis. Eosinophil-deficient mice display significantly impaired memory CD8+ T cell response and weakened resistance against Listeria monocytogenes (L.m.) infection. Mechanistically, eosinophils secrete interleukin-4 (IL-4) to inhibit JNK/Caspase-3 dependent apoptosis of CD8+ T cells upon L.m. infection in vitro. Furthermore, active eosinophils are recruited into the spleen and secrete more IL-4 to suppress CD8+ T cell apoptosis during early stage of L.m. infection in vivo. Adoptive transfer of wild-type (WT) eosinophils but not IL-4-deficient eosinophils into eosinophil-deficient mice could rescue the impaired CD8+ T cell memory responses. Together, our findings suggest that eosinophil-derived IL-4 promotes the generation of CD8+ T cell memory and enhances immune defense against L.m. infection. Our study reveals a new adjuvant role of eosinophils in memory T cell generation and provides clues for enhancing the vaccine potency via targeting eosinophils and related cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Institute of Immunology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Immunology, Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Bingjing Wang
- Department of Immunology, Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Nan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Institute of Immunology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Juan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Institute of Immunology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yanmei Han
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Institute of Immunology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Xuetao Cao
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Institute of Immunology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Department of Immunology, Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China.
- Institute of Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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Guth C, Schumacher PP, Vijayakumar A, Borgmann H, Balles H, Koschel M, Risch F, Lenz B, Hoerauf A, Hübner MP, Ajendra J. Eosinophils Are an Endogenous Source of Interleukin-4 during Filarial Infections and Contribute to the Development of an Optimal T Helper 2 Response. J Innate Immun 2024; 16:159-172. [PMID: 38354709 PMCID: PMC10932553 DOI: 10.1159/000536357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a central regulator of type 2 immunity, crucial for the defense against multicellular parasites like helminths. This study focuses on its roles and cellular sources during Litomosoides sigmodontis infection, a model for human filarial infections. METHODS Utilizing an IL-4 secretion assay, investigation into the sources of IL-4 during the progression of L. sigmodontis infection was conducted. The impact of eosinophils on the Th2 response was investigated through experiments involving dblGATA mice, which lack eosinophils and, consequently, eosinophil-derived IL-4. RESULTS The absence of eosinophils notably influenced Th2 polarization, leading to impaired production of type 2 cytokines. Interestingly, despite this eosinophil deficiency, macrophage polarization, proliferation, and antibody production remained unaffected. CONCLUSION Our research uncovers eosinophils as a major source of IL-4, especially during the early phase of filarial infection. Consequently, these findings shed new light on IL-4 dynamics and eosinophil effector functions in filarial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Guth
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Pia Philippa Schumacher
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Archena Vijayakumar
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hannah Borgmann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Helene Balles
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marianne Koschel
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frederic Risch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Benjamin Lenz
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Achim Hoerauf
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marc P. Hübner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jesuthas Ajendra
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Grisaru-Tal S, Munitz A. ATX restricts anti-tumor eosinophil responses. NATURE CANCER 2024; 5:221-223. [PMID: 38418775 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00718-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Grisaru-Tal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ariel Munitz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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I Kutyavin V, Korn LL, Medzhitov R. Nutrient-derived signals regulate eosinophil adaptation to the small intestine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316446121. [PMID: 38271336 PMCID: PMC10835075 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316446121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are well recognized as effector cells of type 2 immunity, yet they also accumulate in many tissues under homeostatic conditions. However, the processes that govern homeostatic eosinophil accumulation and tissue-specific adaptation, and their functional significance, remain poorly defined. Here, we investigated how eosinophils adapt to the small intestine (SI) microenvironment and the local signals that regulate this process. We observed that eosinophils gradually migrate along the crypt-villus axis, giving rise to a villus-resident subpopulation with a distinct transcriptional signature. Retinoic acid signaling was specifically required for maintenance of this subpopulation, while IL-5 was largely dispensable outside of its canonical role in eosinophil production. Surprisingly, we found that a high-protein diet suppressed the accumulation of villus-resident eosinophils. Purified amino acids were sufficient for this effect, which was a consequence of accelerated eosinophil turnover within the tissue microenvironment and was not due to altered development in the bone marrow. Our study provides insight into the process of eosinophil adaptation to the SI, highlighting its reliance on nutrient-derived signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassily I Kutyavin
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Lisa L Korn
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
- Department of Medicine (Rheumatology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Ruslan Medzhitov
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
- HHMI, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
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38
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Karmele EP, Moldoveanu AL, Kaymak I, Jugder BE, Ursin RL, Bednar KJ, Corridoni D, Ort T. Single cell RNA-sequencing profiling to improve the translation between human IBD and in vivo models. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1291990. [PMID: 38179052 PMCID: PMC10766350 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1291990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an umbrella term for two conditions (Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis) that is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The use of pre-clinical animal models has been invaluable for the understanding of potential disease mechanisms. However, despite promising results of numerous therapeutics in mouse colitis models, many of these therapies did not show clinical benefits in patients with IBD. Single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) has recently revolutionized our understanding of complex interactions between the immune system, stromal cells, and epithelial cells by mapping novel cell subpopulations and their remodeling during disease. This technology has not been widely applied to pre-clinical models of IBD. ScRNA-seq profiling of murine models may provide an opportunity to increase the translatability into the clinic, and to choose the most appropriate model to test hypotheses and novel therapeutics. In this review, we have summarized some of the key findings at the single cell transcriptomic level in IBD, how specific signatures have been functionally validated in vivo, and highlighted the similarities and differences between scRNA-seq findings in human IBD and experimental mouse models. In each section of this review, we highlight the importance of utilizing this technology to find the most suitable or translational models of IBD based on the cellular therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik P. Karmele
- Bioscience Immunology, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Ana Laura Moldoveanu
- Bioscience Immunology, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Irem Kaymak
- Bioscience Immunology, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Bat-Erdene Jugder
- Bioscience Immunology, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA, United States
| | - Rebecca L. Ursin
- Bioscience Immunology, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA, United States
| | - Kyle J. Bednar
- Bioscience Immunology, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Daniele Corridoni
- Bioscience Immunology, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tatiana Ort
- Bioscience Immunology, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
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39
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Demangel C, Surace L. Host-pathogen interactions from a metabolic perspective: methods of investigation. Microbes Infect 2023:105267. [PMID: 38007087 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism shapes immune homeostasis in health and disease. This review presents the range of methods that are currently available to investigate the dialog between metabolism and immunity at the systemic, tissue and cellular levels, particularly during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Demangel
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1224, Immunobiology and Therapy Unit, Paris, France
| | - Laura Surace
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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40
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Singh SP, Smyth DJ, Cunningham K, Mukundan A, Byeon CH, Hinck CS, White MPJ, Ciancia C, Wosowska N, Sanders A, Jin R, Lilla S, Zanivan S, Schoenherr C, Inman G, van Dinther M, ten Dijke P, Hinck AP, Maizels RM. The helminth TGF-β mimic TGM4 is a modular ligand that binds CD44, CD49d and TGF-β receptors to preferentially target myeloid cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.13.566701. [PMID: 38014296 PMCID: PMC10680678 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.13.566701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The murine helminth parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus expresses a family of modular proteins which, replicating the functional activity of the immunomodulatory cytokine TGF-β, have been named TGM (TGF-β Μimic). Multiple domains bind to different receptors, including TGF-β receptors TβRI (ALK5) and TβRII through domains 1-3, and prototypic family member TGM1 binds the cell surface co-receptor CD44 through domains 4-5. This allows TGM1 to induce T lymphocyte Foxp3 expression, characteristic of regulatory (Treg) cells, and to activate a range of TGF-β-responsive cell types. In contrast, a related protein, TGM4, targets a much more restricted cell repertoire, primarily acting on myeloid cells, with less potent effects on T cells and lacking activity on other TGF-β-responsive cell types. TGM4 binds avidly to myeloid cells by flow cytometry, and can outcompete TGM1 for cell binding. Analysis of receptor binding in comparison to TGM1 reveals a 10-fold higher affinity than TGM1 for TGFβR-I (TβRI), but a 100-fold lower affinity for TβRII through Domain 3. Consequently, TGM4 is more dependent on co-receptor binding; in addition to CD44, TGM4 also engages CD49d (Itga4) through Domains 1-3, as well as CD206 and Neuropilin-1 through Domains 4 and 5. TGM4 was found to effectively modulate macrophage populations, inhibiting lipopolysaccharide-driven inflammatory cytokine production and boosting interleukin (IL)-4-stimulated responses such as Arginase-1 in vitro and in vivo. These results reveal that the modular nature of TGMs has allowed the fine tuning of the binding affinities of the TβR- and co-receptor binding domains to establish cell specificity for TGF-β signalling in a manner that cannot be attained by the mammalian cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi P. Singh
- Wellcome Centre of Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Danielle J. Smyth
- Wellcome Centre of Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Kyle Cunningham
- Wellcome Centre of Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Ananya Mukundan
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | | | | | - Madeleine P. J. White
- Wellcome Centre of Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Claire Ciancia
- Wellcome Centre of Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Nątalia Wosowska
- Wellcome Centre of Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Anna Sanders
- Wellcome Centre of Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Regina Jin
- Wellcome Centre of Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Sergio Lilla
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Sara Zanivan
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | | | - Gareth Inman
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Maarten van Dinther
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, University of Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter ten Dijke
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, University of Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew P. Hinck
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Rick M. Maizels
- Wellcome Centre of Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
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41
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Hu Y, Chakarov S. Eosinophils in obesity and obesity-associated disorders. DISCOVERY IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 2:kyad022. [PMID: 38567054 PMCID: PMC10917198 DOI: 10.1093/discim/kyad022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Despite the rising prevalence and costs for the society, obesity etiology, and its precise cellular and molecular mechanisms are still insufficiently understood. The excessive accumulation of fat by adipocytes plays a key role in obesity progression and has many repercussions on total body physiology. In recent years the immune system as a gatekeeper of adipose tissue homeostasis has been evidenced and has become a focal point of research. Herein we focus on eosinophils, an important component of type 2 immunity, assuming fundamental, yet ill-defined, roles in the genesis, and progression of obesity and related metabolic disorders. We summarize eosinophilopoiesis and eosinophils recruitment into adipose tissue and discuss how the adipose tissue environments shape their function and vice versa. Finally, we also detail how obesity transforms the local eosinophil niche. Understanding eosinophil crosstalk with the diverse cell types within the adipose tissue environment will allow us to framework the therapeutic potential of eosinophils in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Svetoslav Chakarov
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, China
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42
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Fuller AD, Whelan KA. The Underappreciated Role of Eosinophils in Esophageal Cancer. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 16:1036-1037. [PMID: 37839465 PMCID: PMC10685143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Annie D Fuller
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kelly A Whelan
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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43
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Gatti DM, Gauthier CM, Moeller BE, FitzPatrick RD, Kennedy MHE, Pluzhnikova V, Conway KME, Smazynski J, Chow RL, Reynolds LA. MHCII+CD80+ thymic eosinophils increase in abundance during neonatal development in mice and their accumulation is microbiota dependent. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:223-236. [PMID: 37227004 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are present in the thymus of mammals, yet their function at this site during homeostatic development is unknown. We used flow cytometry to determine the abundance and phenotype of eosinophils (here defined as SSchigh SiglecF+ CD11b+ CD45+ cells) in the thymus of mice during the neonatal period, the later postnatal period, and into adulthood. We show that both the total number of thymic eosinophils and their frequency among leukocytes increase over the first 2 wk of life and that their accumulation in the thymus is dependent on the presence of an intact bacterial microbiota. We report that thymic eosinophils express the interleukin-5 receptor (CD125), CD80, and IDO, and that subsets of thymic eosinophils express CD11c and major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII). We found that the frequency of MHCII-expressing thymic eosinophils increases over the first 2 wk of life, and that during this early-life period the highest frequency of MHCII-expressing thymic eosinophils is located in the inner medullary region. These data suggest a temporal and microbiota-dependent regulation of eosinophil abundance and functional capabilities in the thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique M Gatti
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Courtney M Gauthier
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Brandon E Moeller
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Rachael D FitzPatrick
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Mia H E Kennedy
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Victoria Pluzhnikova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Kate M E Conway
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Julian Smazynski
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2, Canada
- Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, British Columbia, V8R 6VSCanada
| | - Robert L Chow
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Lisa A Reynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2, Canada
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44
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Wang Y, He C, Xin S, Liu X, Zhang S, Qiao B, Shang H, Gao L, Xu J. A Deep View of the Biological Property of Interleukin-33 and Its Dysfunction in the Gut. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13504. [PMID: 37686309 PMCID: PMC10487440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal diseases have always posed a serious threat to human health, with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) being one of them. IBD is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation, including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). The "alarm" cytokine IL-33, which is intimately associated with Th2 immunity, is a highly potent inflammatory factor that is considered to have dual functions-operating as both a pro-inflammatory cytokine and a transcriptional regulator. IL-33 has been shown to play a crucial role in both the onset and development of IBD. Therefore, this review focuses on the pathogenesis of IBD, the major receptor cell types, and the activities of IL-33 in innate and adaptive immunity, as well as its underlying mechanisms and conflicting conclusions in IBD. We have also summarized different medicines targeted to IL-33-associated diseases. Furthermore, we have emphasized the role of IL-33 in gastrointestinal cancer and parasitic infections, giving novel prospective therapeutic utility in the future application of IL-33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (Y.W.); (S.Z.); (B.Q.)
| | - Chengwei He
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (C.H.); (S.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Shuzi Xin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (C.H.); (S.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (C.H.); (S.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Sitian Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (Y.W.); (S.Z.); (B.Q.)
| | - Boya Qiao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (Y.W.); (S.Z.); (B.Q.)
| | - Hongwei Shang
- Experimental Center for Morphological Research Platform, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China;
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Intelligent Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jingdong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (C.H.); (S.X.); (X.L.)
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45
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Holland T, Mattner J. Intestinal eosinophils: characterization of elusive granulocytes as anti-bacterial and immunomodulatory effector cells in colitis. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:321. [PMID: 37635158 PMCID: PMC10460787 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01581-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Holland
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jochen Mattner
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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46
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Yamaguchi HL, Yamaguchi Y, Peeva E. Role of Innate Immunity in Allergic Contact Dermatitis: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12975. [PMID: 37629154 PMCID: PMC10455292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of allergic contact dermatitis mechanisms has progressed over the past decade. Innate immune cells that are involved in the pathogenesis of allergic contact dermatitis include Langerhans cells, dermal dendritic cells, macrophages, mast cells, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. ILCs can be subcategorized as group 1 (natural killer cells; ILC1) in association with Th1, group 2 (ILC2) in association with Th2, and group 3 (lymphoid tissue-inducer cells; ILC3) in association with Th17. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) including toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) in innate immune cells recognize damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and cascade the signal to produce several cytokines and chemokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, IL-18, and IL-23. Here we discuss the recent findings showing the roles of the innate immune system in allergic contact dermatitis during the sensitization and elicitation phases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuji Yamaguchi
- Inflammation & Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Elena Peeva
- Inflammation & Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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47
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Radtke D, Voehringer D. Granulocyte development, tissue recruitment, and function during allergic inflammation. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2249977. [PMID: 36929502 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202249977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Granulocytes provide a fast innate response to pathogens and allergens. In allergy and anti-helminth immunity, epithelial cells of damaged barriers release alarmins like IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) but also chemokines like CXCL1 or CCL11 to promote cell recruitment and inflammation. In addition, mast cells positioned at barrier tissue sites also quickly release mediators upon specifically sensing antigens through IgE bound to FcεR1 on their surface. Released mediators induce the recruitment of different granulocytes in a timely ordered manner. First, neutrophils extravasate from the blood vasculature to the side of alarmin release and promote a potent inflammatory response. Alarmins and activated mast cells further promote activation of ILC2s and recruitment of basophils and eosinophils, which inhibit neutrophil recruitment and enhance tissue type 2 immunity. In addition to their potent pro-inflammatory effector functions, granulocytes can also contribute to termination and resolution of inflammation. Here, we summarize the development and tissue recruitment of granulocyte subsets, and describe general effector functions and aspects of their increasingly appreciated role in limiting tissue damage. We further discuss targeting approaches for therapeutic interventions in allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Radtke
- Department of Infection Biology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Voehringer
- Department of Infection Biology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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48
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Gurtner A, Crepaz D, Arnold IC. Emerging functions of tissue-resident eosinophils. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20221435. [PMID: 37326974 PMCID: PMC10276195 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are typically considered tissue-damaging effector cells in type 2 immune-related diseases. However, they are also increasingly recognized as important modulators of various homeostatic processes, suggesting they retain the ability to adapt their function to different tissue contexts. In this review, we discuss recent progress in our understanding of eosinophil activities within tissues, with particular emphasis on the gastrointestinal tract, where a large population of these cells resides under non-inflammatory conditions. We further examine evidence of their transcriptional and functional heterogeneity and highlight environmental signals emerging as key regulators of their activities, beyond classical type 2 cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Gurtner
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich , Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Crepaz
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich , Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle C Arnold
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich , Zürich, Switzerland
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49
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Li J, Ruggiero-Ruff RE, He Y, Qiu X, Lainez N, Villa P, Godzik A, Coss D, Nair MG. Sexual dimorphism in obesity is governed by RELMα regulation of adipose macrophages and eosinophils. eLife 2023; 12:e86001. [PMID: 37162190 PMCID: PMC10171862 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity incidence is increasing worldwide with the urgent need to identify new therapeutics. Sex differences in immune cell activation drive obesity-mediated pathologies where males are more susceptible to obesity comorbidities and exacerbated inflammation. Here, we demonstrate that the macrophage-secreted protein RELMα critically protects females against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Compared to male mice, serum RELMα levels were higher in both control and HFD-fed females and correlated with frequency of adipose macrophages and eosinophils. RELMα-deficient females gained more weight and had proinflammatory macrophage accumulation and eosinophil loss in the adipose stromal vascular fraction (SVF), while RELMα treatment or eosinophil transfer rescued this phenotype. Single-cell RNA-sequencing of the adipose SVF was performed and identified sex and RELMα-dependent changes. Genes involved in oxygen sensing and iron homeostasis, including hemoglobin and lncRNA Gm47283/Gm21887, correlated with increased obesity, while eosinophil chemotaxis and response to amyloid-beta were protective. Monocyte-to-macrophage transition was also dysregulated in RELMα-deficient animals. Collectively, these studies implicate a RELMα-macrophage-eosinophil axis in sex-specific protection against obesity and uncover new therapeutic targets for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Li
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California RiversideRiversideUnited States
| | - Rebecca E Ruggiero-Ruff
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California RiversideRiversideUnited States
| | - Yuxin He
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California RiversideRiversideUnited States
| | - Xinru Qiu
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California RiversideRiversideUnited States
| | - Nancy Lainez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California RiversideRiversideUnited States
| | - Pedro Villa
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California RiversideRiversideUnited States
| | - Adam Godzik
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California RiversideRiversideUnited States
| | - Djurdjica Coss
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California RiversideRiversideUnited States
| | - Meera G Nair
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California RiversideRiversideUnited States
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Poto R, Loffredo S, Marone G, Di Salvatore A, de Paulis A, Schroeder JT, Varricchi G. Basophils beyond allergic and parasitic diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1190034. [PMID: 37205111 PMCID: PMC10185837 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Basophils bind IgE via FcεRI-αβγ2, which they uniquely share only with mast cells. In doing so, they can rapidly release mediators that are hallmark of allergic disease. This fundamental similarity, along with some morphological features shared by the two cell types, has long brought into question the biological significance that basophils mediate beyond that of mast cells. Unlike mast cells, which mature and reside in tissues, basophils are released into circulation from the bone marrow (constituting 1% of leukocytes), only to infiltrate tissues under specific inflammatory conditions. Evidence is emerging that basophils mediate non-redundant roles in allergic disease and, unsuspectingly, are implicated in a variety of other pathologies [e.g., myocardial infarction, autoimmunity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, fibrosis, cancer, etc.]. Recent findings strengthen the notion that these cells mediate protection from parasitic infections, whereas related studies implicate basophils promoting wound healing. Central to these functions is the substantial evidence that human and mouse basophils are increasingly implicated as important sources of IL-4 and IL-13. Nonetheless, much remains unclear regarding the role of basophils in pathology vs. homeostasis. In this review, we discuss the dichotomous (protective and/or harmful) roles of basophils in a wide spectrum of non-allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remo Poto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Loffredo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Salvatore
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Amato de Paulis
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - John T. Schroeder
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
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