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Padín JF, Pérez-Ortiz JM, Redondo-Calvo FJ. Aprotinin (I): Understanding the Role of Host Proteases in COVID-19 and the Importance of Pharmacologically Regulating Their Function. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7553. [PMID: 39062796 PMCID: PMC11277036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteases are produced and released in the mucosal cells of the respiratory tract and have important physiological functions, for example, maintaining airway humidification to allow proper gas exchange. The infectious mechanism of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), takes advantage of host proteases in two ways: to change the spatial conformation of the spike (S) protein via endoproteolysis (e.g., transmembrane serine protease type 2 (TMPRSS2)) and as a target to anchor to epithelial cells (e.g., angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)). This infectious process leads to an imbalance in the mucosa between the release and action of proteases versus regulation by anti-proteases, which contributes to the exacerbation of the inflammatory and prothrombotic response in COVID-19. In this article, we describe the most important proteases that are affected in COVID-19, and how their overactivation affects the three main physiological systems in which they participate: the complement system and the kinin-kallikrein system (KKS), which both form part of the contact system of innate immunity, and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). We aim to elucidate the pathophysiological bases of COVID-19 in the context of the imbalance between the action of proteases and anti-proteases to understand the mechanism of aprotinin action (a panprotease inhibitor). In a second-part review, titled "Aprotinin (II): Inhalational Administration for the Treatment of COVID-19 and Other Viral Conditions", we explain in depth the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and use of aprotinin as an antiviral drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Fernando Padín
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine at Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13971 Ciudad Real, Spain;
| | - José Manuel Pérez-Ortiz
- Facultad HM de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Camilo José Cela, 28692 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria HM Hospitales, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Redondo-Calvo
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine at Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13971 Ciudad Real, Spain;
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University General Hospital, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Translational Research Unit, University General Hospital and Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
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2
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Kocsis A, Bartus D, Hirsch E, Józsi M, Hajdú I, Dobó J, Balczer J, Pál G, Gál P. SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Is Not Responsible for Over-Activation of Complement Lectin Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7343. [PMID: 39000451 PMCID: PMC11242754 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The nucleocapsid (N) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a viral structural protein that is abundant in the circulation of infected individuals. Previous published studies reported controversial data about the role of the N protein in the activation of the complement system. It was suggested that the N protein directly interacts with mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease-2 (MASP-2) and stimulates lectin pathway overactivation/activity. In order to check these data and to reveal the mechanism of activation, we examined the effect of the N protein on lectin pathway activation. We found that the N protein does not bind to MASP-2 and MASP-1 and it does not stimulate lectin pathway activity in normal human serum. Furthermore, the N protein does not facilitate the activation of zymogen MASP-2, which is MASP-1 dependent. Moreover, the N protein does not boost the enzymatic activity of MASP-2 either on synthetic or on protein substrates. In some of our experiments, we observed that MASP-2 digests the N protein. However, it is questionable, whether this activity is biologically relevant. Although surface-bound N protein did not activate the lectin pathway, it did trigger the alternative pathway in 10% human serum. Additionally, we detected some classical pathway activation by the N protein. Nevertheless, we demonstrated that this activation was induced by the bound nucleic acid, rather than by the N protein itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Kocsis
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Research Network, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dalma Bartus
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Research Network, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Hirsch
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mihály Józsi
- Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- HUN-REN-ELTE Complement Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Hajdú
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Research Network, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Dobó
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Research Network, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Júlia Balczer
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Research Network, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Pál
- Department of Biochemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Gál
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Research Network, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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3
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Scavello F, Brunetta E, Mapelli SN, Nappi E, García Martín ID, Sironi M, Leone R, Solano S, Angelotti G, Supino D, Carnevale S, Zhong H, Magrini E, Stravalaci M, Protti A, Santini A, Costantini E, Savevski V, Voza A, Bottazzi B, Bartoletti M, Cecconi M, Mantovani A, Morelli P, Tordato F, Garlanda C. The long Pentraxin PTX3 serves as an early predictive biomarker of co-infections in COVID-19. EBioMedicine 2024; 105:105213. [PMID: 38908098 PMCID: PMC11245991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 clinical course is highly variable and secondary infections contribute to COVID-19 complexity. Early detection of secondary infections is clinically relevant for patient outcome. Procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are the most used biomarkers of infections. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is an acute phase protein with promising performance as early biomarker in infections. In patients with COVID-19, PTX3 plasma concentrations at hospital admission are independent predictor of poor outcome. In this study, we assessed whether PTX3 contributes to early identification of co-infections during the course of COVID-19. METHODS We analyzed PTX3 levels in patients affected by COVID-19 with (n = 101) or without (n = 179) community or hospital-acquired fungal or bacterial secondary infections (CAIs or HAIs). FINDINGS PTX3 plasma concentrations at diagnosis of CAI or HAI were significantly higher than those in patients without secondary infections. Compared to PCT and CRP, the increase of PTX3 plasma levels was associated with the highest hazard ratio for CAIs and HAIs (aHR 11.68 and 24.90). In multivariable Cox regression analysis, PTX3 was also the most significant predictor of 28-days mortality or intensive care unit admission of patients with potential co-infections, faring more pronounced than CRP and PCT. INTERPRETATION PTX3 is a promising predictive biomarker for early identification and risk stratification of patients with COVID-19 and co-infections. FUNDING Dolce & Gabbana fashion house donation; Ministero della Salute for COVID-19; EU funding within the MUR PNRR Extended Partnership initiative on Emerging Infectious Diseases (Project no. PE00000007, INF-ACT) and MUR PNRR Italian network of excellence for advanced diagnosis (Project no. PNC-E3-2022-23683266 PNC-HLS-DA); EU MSCA (project CORVOS 860044).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enrico Brunetta
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Health Direction, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sarah N Mapelli
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Nappi
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Ian David García Martín
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Sironi
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Leone
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Solano
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Angelotti
- Artificial Intelligence Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Supino
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Hang Zhong
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Magrini
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Protti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Santini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Costantini
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Victor Savevski
- Artificial Intelligence Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Voza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; Emergency Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Michele Bartoletti
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Health Direction, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cecconi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Paola Morelli
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Health Direction, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Tordato
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Health Direction, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Garlanda
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.
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4
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Barratt-Due A, Pettersen K, Børresdatter-Dahl T, Holter JC, Grønli RH, Dyrhol-Riise AM, Lerum TV, Holten AR, Tonby K, Trøseid M, Skjønsberg OH, Granerud BK, Heggelund L, Kildal AB, Schjalm C, Aaløkken TM, Aukrust P, Ueland T, Mollnes TE, Halvorsen B. Escalated complement activation during hospitalization is associated with higher risk of 60-day mortality in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. J Intern Med 2024; 296:80-92. [PMID: 38539241 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complement system, an upstream recognition system of innate immunity, is activated upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. To gain a deeper understanding of the extent and duration of this activation, we investigated complement activation profiles during the acute phase of COVID-19, its persistence post-recovery and dynamic changes in relation to disease severity. METHODS Serial blood samples were obtained from two cohorts of hospitalized COVID-19 patients (n = 457). Systemic complement activation products reflecting classical/lectin (C4d), alternative (C3bBbP), common (C3bc) and terminal pathway (TCC and C5a) were measured during hospitalization (admission, days 3-5 and days 7-10), at 3 months and after 1 year. Levels of activation and temporal profiles during hospitalization were related to disease severity defined as respiratory failure (PO2/FiO2 ratio <26.6 kPa) and/or admission to intensive care unit, 60-day total mortality and pulmonary pathology after 3 months. FINDINGS During hospitalization, TCC, C4d, C3bc, C3bBbP and C5a were significantly elevated compared to healthy controls. Severely ill patients had significantly higher levels of TCC and C4d (p < 0.001), compared to patients with moderate COVID-19. Escalated levels of TCC and C4d during hospitalization were associated with a higher risk of 60-day mortality (p < 0.001), and C4d levels were additionally associated with chest CT changes at 3 months (p < 0.001). At 3 months and 1 year, we observed consistently elevated levels of most complement activation products compared to controls. CONCLUSION Hospitalized COVID-19 patients display prominent and long-lasting systemic complement activation. Optimal targeting of the system may be achieved through enhanced risk stratification and closer monitoring of in-hospital changes of complement activation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Barratt-Due
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Jan Cato Holter
- Insitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Anne Ma Dyrhol-Riise
- Insitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tøri Vigeland Lerum
- Insitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aleksander Rygh Holten
- Insitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Acute Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Tonby
- Insitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marius Trøseid
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Insitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole H Skjønsberg
- Insitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Beathe Kiland Granerud
- Insitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Heggelund
- Department of Internal Medicine, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders Benjamin Kildal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UIT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Camilla Schjalm
- Insitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond Mogens Aaløkken
- Insitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Insitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Insitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Insitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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5
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Pancaro A, Szymonik M, Perez Schmidt P, Erol G, Garcia Barrientos A, Polito L, Gobbi M, Duwé S, Hendrix J, Nelissen I. A Nanoplasmonic Assay for Point-of-Care Detection of Mannose-Binding Lectin in Human Serum. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:30556-30566. [PMID: 38806166 PMCID: PMC11181273 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) activates the complement system lectin pathway and subsequent inflammatory mechanisms. The incidence and outcome of many human diseases, such as brain ischemia and infections, are associated with and influenced by the activity and serum concentrations of MBL in body fluids. To quantify MBL levels, tests based on ELISA are used, requiring several incubation and washing steps and lengthy turnaround times. Here, we aimed to develop a nanoplasmonic assay for direct MBL detection in human serum at the point of care. Our assay is based on gold nanorods (GNRs) functionalized with mannose (Man-GNRs) via an amphiphilic linker. We experimentally determined the effective amount of sugar linked to the nanorods' surface, resulting in an approximate grafting density of 4 molecules per nm2, and an average number of 11 to 13 MBL molecules binding to a single nanoparticle. The optimal Man-GNRs concentration to achieve the highest sensitivity in MBL detection was 15 μg·mL-1. The specificity of the assay for MBL detection both in simple buffer and in complex pooled human sera was confirmed. Our label-free biosensor is able to detect MBL concentrations as low as 160 ng·mL-1 within 15 min directly in human serum via a one-step reaction and by using a microplate reader. Hence, it forms the basis for a fast, noninvasive, point-of-care assay for diagnostic indications and monitoring of disease and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Pancaro
- Health
Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological
Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium
- Dynamic
Bioimaging Lab, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan C, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium
| | - Michal Szymonik
- Health
Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological
Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium
| | - Patricia Perez Schmidt
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, SCITEC−CNR,
G, Fantoli 16/15, Milan 20138, Italy
| | - Gizem Erol
- Istituto
di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Mario Negri 2 20156, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Laura Polito
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, SCITEC−CNR,
G, Fantoli 16/15, Milan 20138, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbi
- Istituto
di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Mario Negri 2 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Sam Duwé
- Advanced
Optical Microscopy Centre, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan C, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium
| | - Jelle Hendrix
- Dynamic
Bioimaging Lab, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan C, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium
- Advanced
Optical Microscopy Centre, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan C, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium
| | - Inge Nelissen
- Health
Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological
Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium
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6
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Gonçalves SM, Pereira I, Feys S, Cunha C, Chamilos G, Hoenigl M, Wauters J, van de Veerdonk FL, Carvalho A. Integrating genetic and immune factors to uncover pathogenetic mechanisms of viral-associated pulmonary aspergillosis. mBio 2024; 15:e0198223. [PMID: 38651925 PMCID: PMC11237550 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01982-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a severe fungal infection primarily affecting immunocompromised patients. Individuals with severe viral infections have recently been identified as vulnerable to developing invasive fungal infections. Both influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (IAPA) and COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) are linked to high mortality rates, emphasizing the urgent need for an improved understanding of disease pathogenesis to unveil new molecular targets with diagnostic and therapeutic potential. The recent establishment of animal models replicating the co-infection context has offered crucial insights into the mechanisms that underlie susceptibility to disease. However, the development and progression of human viral-fungal co-infections exhibit a significant degree of interindividual variability, even among patients with similar clinical conditions. This observation implies a significant role for host genetics, but information regarding the genetic basis for viral-fungal co-infections is currently limited. In this review, we discuss how genetic factors known to affect either antiviral or antifungal immunity could potentially reveal pathogenetic mechanisms that predispose to IAPA or CAPA and influence the overall disease course. These insights are anticipated to foster further research in both pre-clinical models and human patients, aiming to elucidate the complex pathophysiology of viral-associated pulmonary aspergillosis and contributing to the identification of new diagnostic and therapeutic targets to improve the management of these co-infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Gonçalves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - Inês Pereira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - Simon Feys
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cristina Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - Georgios Chamilos
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Martin Hoenigl
- Division of Infectious Diseases, ECMM Excellence Center for Medical Mycology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed, Graz, Austria
| | - Joost Wauters
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank L van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Agostinho Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
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7
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Ding L, Wu Z, Zhang J, Zhao Q, Chen X, Jia Z, He D. Embedded monitoring system and teaching of artificial intelligence online drug component recognition. Open Life Sci 2024; 19:20220795. [PMID: 38867921 PMCID: PMC11167706 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug testing has many test elements. It aims to prevent unqualified drugs from entering the market and ensure drug safety. The existing artificial intelligence (AI) online monitoring system identifies active ingredients in the process of use. Owing to their openness, data are easy to be lost, failing to meet user needs and inducing a specific impact on the use of the monitoring system. With the continuous development of computer and measurement technologies, various biochemical data are increasing at an unprecedented speed, and numerous databases are emerging. Extracting patterns from considerable known data and experimental facts is an essential task for a wide range of biological and chemical workers. Pattern recognition is one of the essential technologies for data mining. It is widely used in industry, agriculture, national defense, biomedicine, meteorology, astronomy, and other fields. To improve the effect of the online drug ingredient recognition system, this study used AI to design an online drug ingredient recognition-embedded monitoring system and applied AI to the teaching field to improve teaching efficiency. First, this study constructed the framework of the AI online drug ingredient recognition-embedded monitoring system and introduced the process of online drug ingredient recognition. Then, it introduced the pattern recognition method, constructed the pattern recognition system, and presented the pattern recognition algorithm and the algorithm evaluation index. Afterward, it used pattern recognition to conduct a qualitative analysis of the infrared spectrum of drug components and introduced the overall process of the qualitative analysis. In addition, this study employed AI to implement changes to the embedded system instruction in colleges and universities, summarizing the current issues. The impact of drug component recognition and the educational impact of embedded systems were investigated in the experimental portion. The experimental findings demonstrated the excellent accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and Matthew correlation coefficient of the online drug component recognition-integrated monitoring system in this work. Compared with that of other systems, its average drug component recognition accuracy was above 0.85. Students in five majors reported high levels of satisfaction with the embedded system teaching, which is better for delivering college instruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ding
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Lanzhou University School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou 730000, China
- The No. 2 People's Hospital of Lanzhou, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhengrong Wu
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Lanzhou University School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Lanzhou University School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Quanyi Zhao
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Lanzhou University School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Lanzhou University School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou 730000, China
- The No. 2 People's Hospital of Lanzhou, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhong Jia
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Lanzhou University School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou 730000, China
- The No. 2 People's Hospital of Lanzhou, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dian He
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Lanzhou University School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou 730000, China
- The No. 2 People's Hospital of Lanzhou, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Bally I, Drumont G, Rossi V, Guseva S, Botova M, Reiser JB, Thépaut M, Dergan Dylon S, Dumestre-Pérard C, Gaboriaud C, Fieschi F, Blackledge M, Poignard P, Thielens NM. Revisiting the interaction between complement lectin pathway protease MASP-2 and SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1419165. [PMID: 38911852 PMCID: PMC11190312 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1419165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Complement activation is considered to contribute to the pathogenesis of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, mainly by generating potent immune effector mechanisms including a strong inflammatory response. Involvement of the lectin complement pathway, a major actor of the innate immune anti-viral defense, has been reported previously. It is initiated by recognition of the viral surface Spike glycoprotein by mannose-binding lectin (MBL), which induces activation of the MBL-associated protease MASP-2 and triggers the proteolytic complement cascade. A role for the viral nucleoprotein (N) has also been reported, through binding to MASP-2, leading to protease overactivation and potentiation of the lectin pathway. In the present study, we reinvestigated the interactions of the SARS-CoV-2 N protein, produced either in bacteria or secreted by mammalian cells, with full-length MASP-2 or its catalytic domain, in either active or proenzyme form. We could not confirm the interaction of the N protein with the catalytic domain of MASP-2 but observed N protein binding to proenzyme MASP-2. We did not find a role of the N protein in MBL-mediated activation of the lectin pathway. Finally, we showed that incubation of the N protein with MASP-2 results in proteolysis of the viral protein, an observation that requires further investigation to understand a potential functional significance in infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Maiia Botova
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | | | - Chantal Dumestre-Pérard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, Grenoble, France
- Laboratory of Immunology, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | | | - Pascal Poignard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, Grenoble, France
- Laboratory of Virology, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
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9
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De Lorenzo R, Mazza MG, Sciorati C, Leone R, Scavello F, Palladini M, Merolla A, Ciceri F, Bottazzi B, Garlanda C, Benedetti F, Rovere-Querini P, Manfredi AA. Post-COVID Trajectory of Pentraxin 3 Plasma Levels Over 6 Months and Their Association with the Risk of Developing Post-Acute Depression and Anxiety. CNS Drugs 2024; 38:459-472. [PMID: 38658499 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-024-01081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Clinical manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) often persist after acute disease resolution. Underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. The objective of this original article was to longitudinally measure plasma levels of markers of the innate immune response to investigate whether they associate with and predict post-COVID symptomatology. METHODS Adult patients with previous severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection during the first pandemic wave who underwent the 6-month multidisciplinary follow-up were included. Plasma levels of pentraxin 3 (PTX3), the complement components C3a and C5a, and chitinase-3 like-protein-1 (CHI3L1) were measured at hospital admission during acute disease (baseline) and at 1 and 6 months after hospital discharge. Associations with post-COVID-19 sequelae at 6 months were investigated using descriptive statistic and multiple regression models. RESULTS Ninety-four COVID-19 patients were included. Baseline PTX3, C5a, C3a, and CHI3L1 did not predict post-COVID-19 sequelae. The extent of the reduction of PTX3 over time (delta PTX3) was associated with lower depressive and anxiety symptoms at 6 months (both p < 0.05). When entering sex, age, need for intensive care unit or non-invasive ventilation during hospital stay, psychiatric history, and baseline PTX3 as nuisance covariates into a generalized linear model (GLM), the difference between baseline and 6-month PTX3 levels (delta PTX3) significantly predicted depression (χ2 = 4.66, p = 0.031) and anxiety (χ2 = 4.68, p = 0.031) at 6 months. No differences in PTX3 levels or PTX3 delta were found in patients with or without persistent or new-onset other COVID-19 symptoms or signs at 6 months. Plasma levels of C3a, C5a, and CHI3L1 did not correlate with PTX3 levels at either time point and failed to associate with residual or de novo respiratory or systemic clinical manifestations of the disease at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS A lower reduction of plasma PTX3 after acute COVID-19 associates with the presence of depression and anxiety, suggesting an involvement of inflammation in post-COVID-19 psychopathology and a potential role of PTX3 as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca De Lorenzo
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Innate Immunity and Tissue Remodeling, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario G Mazza
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, San Raffaele Turro, Via Stamira d'Ancona 20, 20127, Milan, Italy.
| | - Clara Sciorati
- Unit of Innate Immunity and Tissue Remodeling, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Mariagrazia Palladini
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, San Raffaele Turro, Via Stamira d'Ancona 20, 20127, Milan, Italy
| | - Aurora Merolla
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Innate Immunity and Tissue Remodeling, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Ciceri
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Cecilia Garlanda
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, San Raffaele Turro, Via Stamira d'Ancona 20, 20127, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rovere-Querini
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Innate Immunity and Tissue Remodeling, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo A Manfredi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Autoimmunity and Vascular Inflammation, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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10
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Ye L, Li P, Wang M, Wu F, Han S, Ma L. Profiling of Early Immune Responses to Vaccination Using THP-1-Derived Dendritic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5509. [PMID: 38791547 PMCID: PMC11121899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has made assessing vaccine efficacy more challenging. Besides neutralizing antibody assays, systems vaccinology studies use omics technology to reveal immune response mechanisms and identify gene signatures in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). However, due to their low proportion in PBMCs, profiling the immune response signatures of dendritic cells (DCs) is difficult. Here, we develop a predictive model for evaluating early immune responses in dendritic cells. We establish a THP-1-derived dendritic cell (TDDC) model and stimulate their maturation in vitro with an optimal dose of attenuated yellow fever 17D (YF-17D). Transcriptomic analysis reveals that type I interferon (IFN-I)-induced immunity plays a key role in dendritic cells. IFN-I regulatory biomarkers (IRF7, SIGLEC1) and IFN-I-inducible biomarkers (IFI27, IFI44, IFIT1, IFIT3, ISG15, MX1, OAS2, OAS3) are identified and validated in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we apply this TDDC approach to various types of vaccines, providing novel insights into their early immune response signatures and their heterogeneity in vaccine recipients. Our findings suggest that a standardizable TDDC model is a promising predictive approach to assessing early immunity in DCs. Further research into vaccine efficacy assessment approaches on various types of immune cells could lead to a systemic regimen for vaccine development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ye
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (L.Y.); (P.L.); (M.W.); (F.W.)
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Ping Li
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (L.Y.); (P.L.); (M.W.); (F.W.)
| | - Mingzhe Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (L.Y.); (P.L.); (M.W.); (F.W.)
| | - Feng Wu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (L.Y.); (P.L.); (M.W.); (F.W.)
| | - Sanyang Han
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (L.Y.); (P.L.); (M.W.); (F.W.)
| | - Lan Ma
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (L.Y.); (P.L.); (M.W.); (F.W.)
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518052, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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11
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Mollazadeh S, Mahmoudi M, Mohammadi M, Kamal Kheder R, Nasiri Mahallati H, Sarbaz Haghighi S, Masoumi E, Javanmardi Z, Esmaeili SA. Investigation of IL-6 serum level in COVID-19 patients with positive COVID-19 IgG/IgM antibody titers to check inflammation and disease progression. Cytokine 2024; 177:156564. [PMID: 38432065 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The SARS-CoV-2, the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), leads to severe pathogenicity and high mortality among different communities around the world. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanisms of virus pathogenesis and the immune system's response to prevent the further spread of this virus. This study was aimed to evaluate the relationship between the serum level of interleukin 6 and positive IgG and IgM antibody levels in patients with COVID-19 to investigate inflammation and disease progression. METHODS & MATERIALS In this study, 10 ml of EDTA blood samples were taken from 414 COVID-19 patients. Then, the plasma was separated and the levels of IgM and IgG antibodies and interleukin 6 cytokine were evaluated by ELISA and chemiluminescence methods, respectively. All data were analyzed by SPSS 22 and GraphPad prism 9 software at the significance level of P < 0.05. RESULTS The results of this study showed that there was no significant difference in the expression of IgM and IgG antibodies between men and women. Also, a significant increase in the mean expression of IL-6 was observed only in the high concentration range (100-〉1000 pg/ml) in men compared to women (P < 0.001). In addition, in the female population, all three concentration ranges (negative, medium, and high) of IL-6 have the highest correlation with high titers (>10 U/ml) of IgM and IgG antibodies. While, in men, all three concentration ranges of IL-6 had the highest correlation with > 10 U/ml IgM antibody titers, but in the case of IgG, the highest correlation between different concentrations of IL-6 was observed with the negative or moderate titers of this antibody and there was an inverse relationship with the high titers of IgG (>10 U/ml). CONCLUSION As a result, the relationship between different serum levels of cytokine IL-6 with different titers of IgM and IgG antibodies was observed in both male and female populations. In general, it can be concluded that the correlation between different concentrations of IL-6 with different IgM titers was similar in both men and women, but in the case of different IgG titers, this correlation was higher in women than men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Mollazadeh
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mahmoudi
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mojgan Mohammadi
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ramiar Kamal Kheder
- Medical Laboratory Science Department, College of Science, University of Raparin, Rania, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq; Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Applied Science, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
| | | | | | - Elnaz Masoumi
- Hematology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Javanmardi
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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12
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Huang J, Su H, Lin J, Zhu F, Jiang X, Pan J. Achalasia Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Report and Review of Literature. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2024. [PMID: 38657616 DOI: 10.1055/a-2275-2423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has led to health complications beyond respiratory symptoms, revealing multi-organ involvement, including potential gastrointestinal implications. PATIENT CONCERNS We present a case of a 40-year-old female without any history of achalasia who developed symptoms of the condition following a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Unusually, multiple esophageal ulcers were identified, which are not typically associated with achalasia. DIAGNOSIS Achalasia and esophageal ulcers were confirmed through a series of examinations, including barium swallow, CT scan, and upper endoscopy. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining of esophageal biopsy specimens revealed the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, suggesting direct viral involvement. INTERVENTIONS The patient was treated with calcium channel blockers and proton pump inhibitors and later underwent a peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) procedure following the resolution of her COVID-19 infection. OUTCOME After the POEM procedure, the patient made a good recovery. LESSONS This case underscores the potential for SARS-CoV-2 to trigger gastrointestinal complications and emphasizes the need for ongoing patient management and further research into the long-term implications of COVID-19. Despite the single-case nature of this report, it contributes to the expanding understanding of the diverse and multi-systemic impact of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Dingli Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang province, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Huang Su
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Dingli Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang province, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Jiejun Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Dingli Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang province, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Fangchao Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Dingli Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang province, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Xiaofen Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Dingli Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang province, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Dingli Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang province, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang province, China
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13
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Bermejo-Jambrina M, van der Donk LE, van Hamme JL, Wilflingseder D, de Bree G, Prins M, de Jong M, Nieuwkerk P, van Gils MJ, Kootstra NA, Geijtenbeek TB. Control of complement-induced inflammatory responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection by anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. EMBO J 2024; 43:1135-1163. [PMID: 38418557 PMCID: PMC10987522 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated immune responses contribute to the excessive and uncontrolled inflammation observed in severe COVID-19. However, how immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is induced and regulated remains unclear. Here, we uncover the role of the complement system in the induction of innate and adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Complement rapidly opsonizes SARS-CoV-2 particles via the lectin pathway. Complement-opsonized SARS-CoV-2 efficiently induces type-I interferon and pro-inflammatory cytokine responses via activation of dendritic cells, which are inhibited by antibodies against the complement receptors (CR) 3 and 4. Serum from COVID-19 patients, or monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, attenuate innate and adaptive immunity induced by complement-opsonized SARS-CoV-2. Blocking of CD32, the FcγRII antibody receptor of dendritic cells, restores complement-induced immunity. These results suggest that opsonization of SARS-CoV-2 by complement is involved in the induction of innate and adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in the acute phase of infection. Subsequent antibody responses limit inflammation and restore immune homeostasis. These findings suggest that dysregulation of the complement system and FcγRII signaling may contribute to severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bermejo-Jambrina
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Lieve Eh van der Donk
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John L van Hamme
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Doris Wilflingseder
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Godelieve de Bree
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Prins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, GGD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Menno de Jong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC location AMC University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pythia Nieuwkerk
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, GGD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Psychology (J3-2019-1), Amsterdam UMC location AMC University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marit J van Gils
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC location AMC University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje A Kootstra
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teunis Bh Geijtenbeek
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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14
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Jacob IB, Gemmiti A, Xiong W, Reynolds E, Nicholas B, Thangamani S, Jia H, Wang G. Human surfactant protein A inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and alleviates lung injury in a mouse infection model. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1370511. [PMID: 38596675 PMCID: PMC11002091 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1370511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2)-expressing lung epithelial cells through its spike (S) protein. The S protein is highly glycosylated and could be a target for lectins. Surfactant protein A (SP-A) is a collagen-containing C-type lectin, expressed by mucosal epithelial cells and mediates its antiviral activities by binding to viral glycoproteins. Objective This study examined the mechanistic role of human SP-A in SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and lung injury in vitro and in vivo. Results Human SP-A can bind both SARS-CoV-2 S protein and hACE2 in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.01). Pre-incubation of SARS-CoV-2 (Delta) with human SP-A inhibited virus binding and entry and reduced viral load in human lung epithelial cells, evidenced by the dose-dependent decrease in viral RNA, nucleocapsid protein (NP), and titer (p<0.01). We observed significant weight loss, increased viral burden, and mortality rate, and more severe lung injury in SARS-CoV-2 infected hACE2/SP-A KO mice (SP-A deficient mice with hACE2 transgene) compared to infected hACE2/mSP-A (K18) and hACE2/hSP-A1 (6A2) mice (with both hACE2 and human SP-A1 transgenes) 6 Days Post-infection (DPI). Furthermore, increased SP-A level was observed in the saliva of COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls (p<0.05), but severe COVID-19 patients had relatively lower SP-A levels than moderate COVID-19 patients (p<0.05). Discussion Collectively, human SP-A attenuates SARS-CoV-2-induced acute lung injury (ALI) by directly binding to the S protein and hACE2, and inhibiting its infectivity; and SP-A level in the saliva of COVID-19 patients might serve as a biomarker for COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikechukwu B. Jacob
- Department of Surgery, the State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Amanda Gemmiti
- Department of Otolaryngology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Weichuan Xiong
- Department of Surgery, the State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Erin Reynolds
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Brian Nicholas
- Department of Otolaryngology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Saravanan Thangamani
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Hongpeng Jia
- Department of Surgery, Johns-Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Guirong Wang
- Department of Surgery, the State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
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15
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Barbati C, Bromuro C, Vendetti S, Torosantucci A, Cauda R, Cassone A, Palma C. The Glycan Ectodomain of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Modulates Cytokine Production and Expression of CD206 Mannose Receptor in PBMC Cultures of Pre-COVID-19 Healthy Subjects. Viruses 2024; 16:497. [PMID: 38675840 PMCID: PMC11054381 DOI: 10.3390/v16040497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability of recombinant, SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein to modulate the production of two COVID-19 relevant, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IFN-γ) in PBMC cultures of healthy, pre-COVID-19 subjects was investigated. We observed that cytokine production was largely and diversely modulated by the S protein depending on antigen or mitogen stimulation, as well as on the protein source, insect (S-in) or human (S-hu) cells. While both proteins co-stimulated cytokine production by polyclonally CD3-activated T cells, PBMC activation by the mitogenic lectin Concanavalin A (Con A) was up-modulated by S-hu protein and down-modulated by S-in protein. These modulatory effects were likely mediated by the S glycans, as demonstrated by direct Con A-S binding experiments and use of yeast mannan as Con A binder. While being ineffective in modulating memory antigenic T cell responses, the S proteins and mannan were able to induce IL-6 production in unstimulated PBMC cultures and upregulate the expression of the mannose receptor (CD206), a marker of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage. Our data point to a relevant role of N-glycans, particularly N-mannosidic chains, decorating the S protein in the immunomodulatory effects here reported. These novel biological activities of the S glycan ectodomain may add to the comprehension of COVID-19 pathology and immunity to SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Barbati
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.B.); (C.B.); (S.V.); (A.T.)
| | - Carla Bromuro
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.B.); (C.B.); (S.V.); (A.T.)
| | - Silvia Vendetti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.B.); (C.B.); (S.V.); (A.T.)
| | - Antonella Torosantucci
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.B.); (C.B.); (S.V.); (A.T.)
| | - Roberto Cauda
- Dipartimento Salute e Bioetica, Sezione Malattie Infettive, Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00136 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonio Cassone
- Polo d’Innovazione della Genomica, Genetica e Biologia, Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Carla Palma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.B.); (C.B.); (S.V.); (A.T.)
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16
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Baillie K, Davies HE, Keat SBK, Ladell K, Miners KL, Jones SA, Mellou E, Toonen EJM, Price DA, Morgan BP, Zelek WM. Complement dysregulation is a prevalent and therapeutically amenable feature of long COVID. MED 2024; 5:239-253.e5. [PMID: 38359836 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long COVID encompasses a heterogeneous set of ongoing symptoms that affect many individuals after recovery from infection with SARS-CoV-2. The underlying biological mechanisms nonetheless remain obscure, precluding accurate diagnosis and effective intervention. Complement dysregulation is a hallmark of acute COVID-19 but has not been investigated as a potential determinant of long COVID. METHODS We quantified a series of complement proteins, including markers of activation and regulation, in plasma samples from healthy convalescent individuals with a confirmed history of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and age/ethnicity/sex/infection/vaccine-matched patients with long COVID. FINDINGS Markers of classical (C1s-C1INH complex), alternative (Ba, iC3b), and terminal pathway (C5a, TCC) activation were significantly elevated in patients with long COVID. These markers in combination had a receiver operating characteristic predictive power of 0.794. Other complement proteins and regulators were also quantitatively different between healthy convalescent individuals and patients with long COVID. Generalized linear modeling further revealed that a clinically tractable combination of just four of these markers, namely the activation fragments iC3b, TCC, Ba, and C5a, had a predictive power of 0.785. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that complement biomarkers could facilitate the diagnosis of long COVID and further suggest that currently available inhibitors of complement activation could be used to treat long COVID. FUNDING This work was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (COV-LT2-0041), the PolyBio Research Foundation, and the UK Dementia Research Institute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Baillie
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Helen E Davies
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Llandough, Penarth CF64 2XX, UK
| | - Samuel B K Keat
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Kelly L Miners
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Samantha A Jones
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Llandough, Penarth CF64 2XX, UK
| | - Ermioni Mellou
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Erik J M Toonen
- R&D Department, Hycult Biotechnology, Frontstraat 2A, 5405 PB Uden, the Netherlands
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - B Paul Morgan
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Wioleta M Zelek
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
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17
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Vázquez‐Arias A, Vázquez‐Iglesias L, Pérez‐Juste I, Pérez‐Juste J, Pastoriza‐Santos I, Bodelon G. Bacterial surface display of human lectins in Escherichia coli. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14409. [PMID: 38380565 PMCID: PMC10884992 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Lectin-glycan interactions sustain fundamental biological processes involved in development and disease. Owing to their unique sugar-binding properties, lectins have great potential in glycobiology and biomedicine. However, their relatively low affinities and broad specificities pose a significant challenge when used as analytical reagents. New approaches for expression and engineering of lectins are in demand to overcome current limitations. Herein, we report the application of bacterial display for the expression of human galectin-3 and mannose-binding lectin in Escherichia coli. The analysis of the cell surface expression and binding activity of the surface-displayed lectins, including point and deletion mutants, in combination with molecular dynamics simulation, demonstrate the robustness and suitability of this approach. Furthermore, the display of functional mannose-binding lectin in the bacterial surface proved the feasibility of this method for disulfide bond-containing lectins. This work establishes for the first time bacterial display as an efficient means for the expression and engineering of human lectins, thereby increasing the available toolbox for glycobiology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Vázquez‐Arias
- CINBIOUniversidade de VigoVigoSpain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS‐UVIGOVigoSpain
| | - Lorena Vázquez‐Iglesias
- CINBIOUniversidade de VigoVigoSpain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS‐UVIGOVigoSpain
| | | | - Jorge Pérez‐Juste
- CINBIOUniversidade de VigoVigoSpain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS‐UVIGOVigoSpain
- Departamento de Química FísicaUniversidade de VigoVigoSpain
| | - Isabel Pastoriza‐Santos
- CINBIOUniversidade de VigoVigoSpain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS‐UVIGOVigoSpain
- Departamento de Química FísicaUniversidade de VigoVigoSpain
| | - Gustavo Bodelon
- CINBIOUniversidade de VigoVigoSpain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS‐UVIGOVigoSpain
- Departamento de Biología Funcional y Ciencias de la SaludUniversidade de VigoVigoSpain
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18
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Mastellos DC, Hajishengallis G, Lambris JD. A guide to complement biology, pathology and therapeutic opportunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:118-141. [PMID: 37670180 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00926-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Complement has long been considered a key innate immune effector system that mediates host defence and tissue homeostasis. Yet, growing evidence has illuminated a broader involvement of complement in fundamental biological processes extending far beyond its traditional realm in innate immunity. Complement engages in intricate crosstalk with multiple pattern-recognition and signalling pathways both in the extracellular and intracellular space. Besides modulating host-pathogen interactions, this crosstalk guides early developmental processes and distinct cell trajectories, shaping tissue immunometabolic and regenerative programmes in different physiological systems. This Review provides a guide to the system-wide functions of complement. It highlights illustrative paradigm shifts that have reshaped our understanding of complement pathobiology, drawing examples from evolution, development of the central nervous system, tissue regeneration and cancer immunity. Despite its tight spatiotemporal regulation, complement activation can be derailed, fuelling inflammatory tissue pathology. The pervasive contribution of complement to disease pathophysiology has inspired a resurgence of complement therapeutics with major clinical developments, some of which have challenged long-held dogmas. We thus highlight major therapeutic concepts and milestones in clinical complement intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Hajishengallis
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John D Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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19
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Dobó J, Kocsis A, Farkas B, Demeter F, Cervenak L, Gál P. The Lectin Pathway of the Complement System-Activation, Regulation, Disease Connections and Interplay with Other (Proteolytic) Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1566. [PMID: 38338844 PMCID: PMC10855846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The complement system is the other major proteolytic cascade in the blood of vertebrates besides the coagulation-fibrinolytic system. Among the three main activation routes of complement, the lectin pathway (LP) has been discovered the latest, and it is still the subject of intense research. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), other collectins, and ficolins are collectively termed as the pattern recognition molecules (PRMs) of the LP, and they are responsible for targeting LP activation to molecular patterns, e.g., on bacteria. MBL-associated serine proteases (MASPs) are the effectors, while MBL-associated proteins (MAps) have regulatory functions. Two serine protease components, MASP-1 and MASP-2, trigger the LP activation, while the third component, MASP-3, is involved in the function of the alternative pathway (AP) of complement. Besides their functions within the complement system, certain LP components have secondary ("moonlighting") functions, e.g., in embryonic development. They also contribute to blood coagulation, and some might have tumor suppressing roles. Uncontrolled complement activation can contribute to the progression of many diseases (e.g., stroke, kidney diseases, thrombotic complications, and COVID-19). In most cases, the lectin pathway has also been implicated. In this review, we summarize the history of the lectin pathway, introduce their components, describe its activation and regulation, its roles within the complement cascade, its connections to blood coagulation, and its direct cellular effects. Special emphasis is placed on disease connections and the non-canonical functions of LP components.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Dobó
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Research Network, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (J.D.); (A.K.); (B.F.)
| | - Andrea Kocsis
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Research Network, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (J.D.); (A.K.); (B.F.)
| | - Bence Farkas
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Research Network, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (J.D.); (A.K.); (B.F.)
| | - Flóra Demeter
- Cell Biology and Cell Therapy Group, Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (F.D.); (L.C.)
| | - László Cervenak
- Cell Biology and Cell Therapy Group, Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (F.D.); (L.C.)
| | - Péter Gál
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Research Network, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (J.D.); (A.K.); (B.F.)
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20
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Cervia-Hasler C, Brüningk SC, Hoch T, Fan B, Muzio G, Thompson RC, Ceglarek L, Meledin R, Westermann P, Emmenegger M, Taeschler P, Zurbuchen Y, Pons M, Menges D, Ballouz T, Cervia-Hasler S, Adamo S, Merad M, Charney AW, Puhan M, Brodin P, Nilsson J, Aguzzi A, Raeber ME, Messner CB, Beckmann ND, Borgwardt K, Boyman O. Persistent complement dysregulation with signs of thromboinflammation in active Long Covid. Science 2024; 383:eadg7942. [PMID: 38236961 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg7942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Long Covid is a debilitating condition of unknown etiology. We performed multimodal proteomics analyses of blood serum from COVID-19 patients followed up to 12 months after confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Analysis of >6500 proteins in 268 longitudinal samples revealed dysregulated activation of the complement system, an innate immune protection and homeostasis mechanism, in individuals experiencing Long Covid. Thus, active Long Covid was characterized by terminal complement system dysregulation and ongoing activation of the alternative and classical complement pathways, the latter associated with increased antibody titers against several herpesviruses possibly stimulating this pathway. Moreover, markers of hemolysis, tissue injury, platelet activation, and monocyte-platelet aggregates were increased in Long Covid. Machine learning confirmed complement and thromboinflammatory proteins as top biomarkers, warranting diagnostic and therapeutic interrogation of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Cervia-Hasler
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah C Brüningk
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Hoch
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bowen Fan
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Muzio
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ryan C Thompson
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Clinical Intelligence Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Laura Ceglarek
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roman Meledin
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Westermann
- Precision Proteomics Center, Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Zurich, 7265 Davos, Switzerland
| | - Marc Emmenegger
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Taeschler
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yves Zurbuchen
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michele Pons
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Menges
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tala Ballouz
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sara Cervia-Hasler
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Adamo
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Merad
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alexander W Charney
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Clinical Intelligence Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Milo Puhan
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petter Brodin
- Unit for Clinical Pediatrics, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, 17165 Solna, Sweden
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jakob Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miro E Raeber
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph B Messner
- Precision Proteomics Center, Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Zurich, 7265 Davos, Switzerland
| | - Noam D Beckmann
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Clinical Intelligence Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Division of Data Driven and Digital Medicine (D3M), Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Karsten Borgwardt
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
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21
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de Andrade LV, de Souza Sá MV, Vasconcelos B, Vasconcelos LRS, Khouri R, de Souza CDF, Armstrong ADC, do Carmo RF. High production MBL2 polymorphisms protect against COVID-19 complications in critically ill patients: A retrospective cohort study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23670. [PMID: 38187242 PMCID: PMC10770498 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) binds to SARS-CoV-2, inhibits infection of susceptible cells, and activates the complement system via the lectin pathway. In this study, we investigated the association of MBL2 polymorphisms with the risk of hospitalization and clinical worsening in patients with COVID-19. A total of 550 patients with COVID-19 were included (94 non-hospitalized and 456 hospitalized). Polymorphisms in MBL2 exon 1 (codons 52, 54 and 57) and promoter region (-550, -221, and +4) were determined by real-time PCR. MBL and complement proteins were measured by Luminex. A higher frequency of the H/H genotype and the HYPA haplotype was observed in non-hospitalized patients when compared to hospitalized. In addition, critically ill patients carrying haplotypes associated with high MBL levels (HYPA/HYPA + HYPA/LYPA + HYPA/LYQA + LYPA/LYQA + LYPA/LYPA + LYQA/LYQA + LXPA/HYPA + LXPA/LYQA + LXPA/LYPA) were protected against lower oxygen saturation levels (P = 0.02), use of invasive ventilation use (P = 0.02, OR 0.38), and shock (P = 0.01, OR 0.40), independent of other potential confounders adjusted by multivariate analysis. Our results suggest that variants in MBL2 associated with high MBL levels may play a protective role in the clinical course of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Viana de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina, Brazil
| | - Mirela Vanessa de Souza Sá
- Colegiado de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Vasconcelos
- Instituto de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Khouri
- Instituto de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Feliciano do Carmo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina, Brazil
- Colegiado de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina, Brazil
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22
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Ye X, Wang Z, Lei W, Shen M, Tang J, Xu X, Yang Y, Zhang H. Pentraxin 3: A promising therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 93:102163. [PMID: 38092307 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary global cause of death, and inflammation is a crucial factor in the development of CVDs. The acute phase inflammatory protein pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a biomarker reflecting the immune response. Recent research indicates that PTX3 plays a vital role in CVDs and has been investigated as a possible biomarker for CVD in clinical trials. PTX3 is implicated in the progression of CVDs through mechanisms such as exacerbating vascular endothelial dysfunction, affecting angiogenesis, and regulating inflammation and oxidative stress. This review summarized the structure and function of PTX3, focusing on its multifaceted effects on CVDs, such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and hypertension. This may help in explaining the varying PTX3 functions and usage, as well as in utilizing target organs to manage diseases. Moreover, elucidating the opposite role of PTX3 in the cardiovascular system will demonstrate the therapeutic and predictive potential in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyan Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 10 Fengcheng Three Road, Xi'an, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Central Theater Command General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, 627 Wuluo Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Wangrui Lei
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 10 Fengcheng Three Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingzhi Shen
- Department of General Medicine, Hainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, 80 Jianglin Road, Hainan, China
| | - Jiayou Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuezeng Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 10 Fengcheng Three Road, Xi'an, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, China.
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 10 Fengcheng Three Road, Xi'an, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, China.
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23
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He T, Zhou B, Sun G, Yan Q, Lin S, Ma G, Yao Q, Wu X, Zhong Y, Gan D, Huo S, Jin W, Chen D, Bai X, Cheng T, Cao H, Xiao G. The bone-liver interaction modulates immune and hematopoietic function through Pinch-Cxcl12-Mbl2 pathway. Cell Death Differ 2024; 31:90-105. [PMID: 38062244 PMCID: PMC10781991 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01243-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are used to treat infectious and immune diseases and disorders; however, its mechanism(s) remain incompletely defined. Here we find that bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) lacking Pinch1/2 proteins display dramatically reduced ability to suppress lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced inflammatory bowel disease in mice. Prx1-Cre; Pinch1f/f; Pinch2-/- transgenic mice have severe defects in both immune and hematopoietic functions, resulting in premature death, which can be restored by intravenous injection of wild-type BMSCs. Single cell sequencing analyses reveal dramatic alterations in subpopulations of the BMSCs in Pinch mutant mice. Pinch loss in Prx1+ cells blocks differentiation and maturation of hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow and increases production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β in monocytes. We find that Pinch is critical for expression of Cxcl12 in BMSCs; reduced production of Cxcl12 protein from Pinch-deficient BMSCs reduces expression of the Mbl2 complement in hepatocytes, thus impairing the innate immunity and thereby contributing to infection and death. Administration of recombinant Mbl2 protein restores the lethality induced by Pinch loss in mice. Collectively, we demonstrate that the novel Pinch-Cxcl12-Mbl2 signaling pathway promotes the interactions between bone and liver to modulate immunity and hematopoiesis and may provide a useful therapeutic target for immune and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tailin He
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Guohuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China; CAMS Center for Stem Cell Medicine, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qinnan Yan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Sixiong Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guixing Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qing Yao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaohao Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yiming Zhong
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Donghao Gan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shaochuan Huo
- Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenfei Jin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Di Chen
- Research Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaochun Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China; CAMS Center for Stem Cell Medicine, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Huiling Cao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Ma YJ, Parente R, Zhong H, Sun Y, Garlanda C, Doni A. Complement-pentraxins synergy: Navigating the immune battlefield and beyond. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115878. [PMID: 37952357 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement is a crucial immune defense system that triggers rapid immune responses and offers efficient protection against foreign invaders and unwanted host elements, acting as a sentinel. Activation of the complement system occurs upon the recognition of pathogenic microorganisms or altered self-cells by pattern-recognition molecules (PRMs) such as C1q, collectins, ficolins, and pentraxins. Recent accumulating evidence shows that pentraxins establish a cooperative network with different classes of effector PRMs, resulting in synergistic effects in complement activation. This review describes the complex interaction of pentraxins with the complement system and the implications of this cooperative network for effective host defense during pathogen invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jie Ma
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark.
| | | | - Hang Zhong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Cecilia Garlanda
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Doni
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
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25
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Corneillie L, Lemmens I, Weening K, De Meyer A, Van Houtte F, Tavernier J, Meuleman P. Virus-Host Protein Interaction Network of the Hepatitis E Virus ORF2-4 by Mammalian Two-Hybrid Assays. Viruses 2023; 15:2412. [PMID: 38140653 PMCID: PMC10748205 DOI: 10.3390/v15122412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout their life cycle, viruses interact with cellular host factors, thereby influencing propagation, host range, cell tropism and pathogenesis. The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an underestimated RNA virus in which knowledge of the virus-host interaction network to date is limited. Here, two related high-throughput mammalian two-hybrid approaches (MAPPIT and KISS) were used to screen for HEV-interacting host proteins. Promising hits were examined on protein function, involved pathway(s), and their relation to other viruses. We identified 37 ORF2 hits, 187 for ORF3 and 91 for ORF4. Several hits had functions in the life cycle of distinct viruses. We focused on SHARPIN and RNF5 as candidate hits for ORF3, as they are involved in the RLR-MAVS pathway and interferon (IFN) induction during viral infections. Knocking out (KO) SHARPIN and RNF5 resulted in a different IFN response upon ORF3 transfection, compared to wild-type cells. Moreover, infection was increased in SHARPIN KO cells and decreased in RNF5 KO cells. In conclusion, MAPPIT and KISS are valuable tools to study virus-host interactions, providing insights into the poorly understood HEV life cycle. We further provide evidence for two identified hits as new host factors in the HEV life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Corneillie
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Irma Lemmens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karin Weening
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Amse De Meyer
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Freya Van Houtte
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Tavernier
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Philip Meuleman
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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26
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Yu H, Guan F, Miller H, Lei J, Liu C. The role of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein in antiviral immunity and vaccine development. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:e2164219. [PMID: 36583642 PMCID: PMC9980416 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2164219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused enormous health risks and global economic disruption. This disease is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein is a structural protein involved in viral replication and assembly. There is accumulating evidence indicating that the nucleocapsid protein is multi-functional, playing a key role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and antiviral immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Here, we summarize its potential application in the prevention of COVID-19, which is based on its role in inflammation, cell death, antiviral innate immunity, and antiviral adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Yu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Guan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Heather Miller
- Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Jiahui Lei
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China, Chaohong Liu
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27
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Scialò F, Cernera G, Esposito S, Pinchera B, Gentile I, Di Domenico M, Bianco A, Pastore L, Amato F, Castaldo G. The MBL2 genotype relates to COVID-19 severity and may help to select the optimal therapy. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:2143-2149. [PMID: 37313996 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sars-CoV-2 acute infection is clinically heterogeneous, ranging from asymptomatic cases to patients with a severe, systemic clinical course. Among the involved factors age and preexisting morbidities play a major role; genetic host susceptibility contributes to modulating the clinical expression and outcome of the disease. Mannose-binding lectin is an acute-phase protein that activates the lectin-complement pathway, promotes opsonophagocytosis and modulates inflammation, and is involved in several bacterial and viral infections in humans. Understanding its role in Sars-CoV-2 infection could help select a better therapy. METHODS We studied MBL2 haplotypes in 419 patients with acute COVID-19 in comparison to the general population and related the haplotypes to clinical and laboratory markers of severity. RESULTS We recorded an enhanced frequency of MBL2 null alleles in patients with severe acute COVID-19. The homozygous null genotypes were significantly more frequent in patients with advanced WHO score 4-7 (OR of about 4) and related to more severe inflammation, neutrophilia, and lymphopenia. CONCLUSIONS Subjects with a defective MBL2 genotype (i.e., 0/0) are predisposed to a more severe acute Sars-CoV-2 infection; they may benefit from early replacement therapy with recombinant MBL. Furthermore, a subset of subjects with the A/A MBL genotype develop a relevant increase of serum MBL during the early phases of the disease and develop a more severe pulmonary disease; in these patients, the targeting of the complement may help. Therefore, COVID-19 patients should be tested at hospitalization with serum MBL analysis and MBL2 genotype, to define the optimal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Scialò
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, scarl, Naples, Italy
| | - Gustavo Cernera
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, scarl, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Biagio Pinchera
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ivan Gentile
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Di Domenico
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Bianco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Lucio Pastore
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, scarl, Naples, Italy
| | - Felice Amato
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, scarl, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castaldo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, scarl, Naples, Italy
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28
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Angioni R, Bonfanti M, Caporale N, Sánchez-Rodríguez R, Munari F, Savino A, Pasqualato S, Buratto D, Pagani I, Bertoldi N, Zanon C, Ferrari P, Ricciardelli E, Putaggio C, Ghezzi S, Elli F, Rotta L, Scardua A, Weber J, Cecatiello V, Iorio F, Zonta F, Cattelan AM, Vicenzi E, Vannini A, Molon B, Villa CE, Viola A, Testa G. RAGE engagement by SARS-CoV-2 enables monocyte infection and underlies COVID-19 severity. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101266. [PMID: 37944530 PMCID: PMC10694673 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has fueled the COVID-19 pandemic with its enduring medical and socioeconomic challenges because of subsequent waves and long-term consequences of great concern. Here, we chart the molecular basis of COVID-19 pathogenesis by analyzing patients' immune responses at single-cell resolution across disease course and severity. This approach confirms cell subpopulation-specific dysregulation in COVID-19 across disease course and severity and identifies a severity-associated activation of the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) pathway in monocytes. In vitro THP1-based experiments indicate that monocytes bind the SARS-CoV-2 S1-receptor binding domain (RBD) via RAGE, pointing to RAGE-Spike interaction enabling monocyte infection. Thus, our results demonstrate that RAGE is a functional receptor of SARS-CoV-2 contributing to COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Angioni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica - Città Della Speranza, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Bonfanti
- Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini 1, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolò Caporale
- Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini 1, 20157 Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Santa Sofia 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Ricardo Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica - Città Della Speranza, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Fabio Munari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica - Città Della Speranza, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Aurora Savino
- Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini 1, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Damiano Buratto
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Isabel Pagani
- Viral Pathogenesis and Biosafety Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicole Bertoldi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica - Città Della Speranza, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Carlo Zanon
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica - Città Della Speranza, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Ferrari
- Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini 1, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Putaggio
- Infectious Disease Unit, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Ghezzi
- Viral Pathogenesis and Biosafety Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Elli
- Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini 1, 20157 Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Santa Sofia 9, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Rotta
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Janine Weber
- Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini 1, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Iorio
- Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini 1, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Zonta
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | | | - Elisa Vicenzi
- Viral Pathogenesis and Biosafety Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Molon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica - Città Della Speranza, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Carlo Emanuele Villa
- Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini 1, 20157 Milan, Italy; Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Viola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica - Città Della Speranza, 35127 Padova, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Testa
- Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini 1, 20157 Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Santa Sofia 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy.
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29
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Bhardwaj P, Ganapathy K, Pathania M, Naveen KH, Charan J, Dutta S, Gadepalli R, Srinivasan S, Gupta MK, Goel AD, Midha N, Kumar B, Sharma M, Sharma P, Banerjee M, Mitra P, Misra S, V V, Subramaniant G, R P, Dhar M, Saxena V, Dhamija P, Singh A, Subramanian S, Kanchibhotla D. Effectiveness of ayurvedic formulation, NAOQ19 along with standard care in the treatment of mild-moderate COVID-19 patients: A double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicentric trial. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2023; 14:100778. [PMID: 37976809 PMCID: PMC10684801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medicines in indigenous systems such as Ayurveda have strong antimicrobial activity but double-blind randomized control trials are infrequent in this system of medicine. The efficacy of a new ayurvedic formulation was evaluated during the pandemic. METHODS 150 mild-moderate COVID-19 patients were enrolled and randomized in 1:1 to NAOQ19 and placebo group. RT-PCR was done on Day 3, 5 and 7. CBC, CRP, LFT, and KFT were assessed at baseline and exit. Duration of hospital stay was noted and clinical assessment was also performed. RESULT The results demonstrated more people turning RT-PCR negative in the NAOQ19 group compared to the placebo group on day 3 (p-value = 0.033). The mean time duration to turn RT-PCR negative was significantly lower in the NAOQ19 group (4.6 days) compared to placebo group (5.2 days) (p-value = 0.018). There was significant reduction in hospital stay among patients in the NAOQ19 arm who were discharged earlier (5.6 days) compared to placebo group (6.4 days) (p-value = 0.046). Patients in NAOQ19 arm did not show any adverse life-threatening events. CONCLUSION The ayurvedic preparation given along with standard of care therapy reduced the duration of hospital stay and there was earlier conversion to RT-PCR negative.The integrated approach can help to reduce patient workload in the hospitals as well as limit the transmission of the virus in the community. STUDY REGISTRATION CTRI/2021/05/033790.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - K H Naveen
- Department of CMFM, AIIMS Jodhpur, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Naresh Midha
- Department of General Medicine, AIIMS Jodhpur, India
| | - Bharat Kumar
- Department of General Medicine, AIIMS Jodhpur, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Praveen R
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, SMVMCH Puducherry, India
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30
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Rangel-Méndez JA, Jaimes-Gurrusquieta L, Sánchez-Cruz JF, Zarate-Murillo MI, Domínguez-Méndez J, Laviada-Molina HA, Casares-González D, Flores-Flores EM. Characteristics of COVID-19 and mortality-associated factors during the first year of the pandemic in southeast Mexico. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:1147-1157. [PMID: 37850348 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The present study was designed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 and mortality-associated factors during the first year of the pandemic in patients from southeastern Mexico. Patient & methods: A total of 953 records from patients with COVID-19 were cross-sectionally studied in a primary care hospital in southeast Mexico between 2020 and 2021. Results: The prevalent symptoms were fever (78.6%), cough (80.5%) and headache (82.8%) and dyspnea reached 13.5%. The mortality rate was 7.63% and the clinical variables associated with it were age >60 years, hypertension, severe disease, radiographic pneumonia, days to diagnosis and having two Mayan surnames. Conclusion: Future health strategies should consider age, comorbidities, disease severity, clinical manifestations and possessing ethnicity of risk (i.e., Mayan genetic background).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Rangel-Méndez
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi," Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, 97225, México
| | | | - Juan F Sánchez-Cruz
- Coordinación de Investigación en Salud del IMSS en Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, 97155, México
| | - Ma I Zarate-Murillo
- Unidad de Medicina Familiar 58. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mérida, Yucatán, 97285, México
| | - Jessica Domínguez-Méndez
- Unidad de Medicina Familiar 59, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mérida, Yucatán, 97160, México
| | - Hugo A Laviada-Molina
- Universidad Marista de Mérida, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Mérida, Yucatán, 97300, México
| | - Daniel Casares-González
- Universidad Marista de Mérida, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Mérida, Yucatán, 97300, México
| | - Elideth M Flores-Flores
- Unidad de Medicina Familiar 58. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mérida, Yucatán, 97285, México
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31
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Urwyler P, Leimbacher M, Charitos P, Moser S, Heijnen IAFM, Trendelenburg M, Thoma R, Sumer J, Camacho-Ortiz A, Bacci MR, Huber LC, Stüssi-Helbling M, Albrich WC, Sendi P, Osthoff M. Recombinant C1 inhibitor in the prevention of severe COVID-19: a randomized, open-label, multi-center phase IIa trial. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1255292. [PMID: 37965347 PMCID: PMC10641758 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1255292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Conestat alfa (ConA), a recombinant human C1 inhibitor, may prevent thromboinflammation. Methods We conducted a randomized, open-label, multi-national clinical trial in which hospitalized adults at risk for progression to severe COVID-19 were assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive either 3 days of ConA plus standard of care (SOC) or SOC alone. Primary and secondary endpoints were day 7 disease severity on the WHO Ordinal Scale, time to clinical improvement within 14 days, and safety, respectively. Results The trial was prematurely terminated because of futility after randomization of 84 patients, 56 in the ConA and 28 in the control arm. At baseline, higher WHO Ordinal Scale scores were more frequently observed in the ConA than in the control arm. On day 7, no relevant differences in the primary outcome were noted between the two arms (p = 0.11). The median time to defervescence was 3 days, and the median time to clinical improvement was 7 days in both arms (p = 0.22 and 0.56, respectively). Activation of plasma cascades and endothelial cells over time was similar in both groups. The incidence of adverse events (AEs) was higher in the intervention arm (any AE, 30% with ConA vs. 19% with SOC alone; serious AE, 27% vs. 15%; death, 11% vs. 0%). None of these were judged as being related to the study drug. Conclusion The study results do not support the use of ConA to prevent COVID-19 progression. Clinical trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT04414631.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Urwyler
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marina Leimbacher
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Stephan Moser
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ingmar A. F. M. Heijnen
- Division of Medical Immunology, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marten Trendelenburg
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Reto Thoma
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Sumer
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Adrián Camacho-Ortiz
- Servicio de Infectologia, Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Marcelo R. Bacci
- Department of General Practice, Centro Universitário em Saúde do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Lars C. Huber
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, City Hospital Triemli, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Werner C. Albrich
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Parham Sendi
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Osthoff
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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32
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Massimino AM, Colella FE, Bottazzi B, Inforzato A. Structural insights into the biological functions of the long pentraxin PTX3. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1274634. [PMID: 37885881 PMCID: PMC10598717 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1274634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble pattern recognition molecules (PRMs) are a heterogenous group of proteins that recognize pathogen- and danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs, respectively), and cooperate with cell-borne receptors in the orchestration of innate and adaptive immune responses to pathogenic insults and tissue damage. Amongst soluble PRMs, pentraxins are a family of highly conserved proteins with distinctive structural features. Originally identified in the early 1990s as an early inflammatory gene, PTX3 is the prototype of long pentraxins. Unlike the short pentraxin C reactive protein (CRP), whose expression is mostly confined to the liver, PTX3 is made by several immune and non-immune cells at sites of infection and inflammation, where it intercepts fundamental aspects of infection immunity, inflammation, and tissue remodeling. Of note, PTX3 cross talks to components of the complement system to control cancer-related inflammation and disposal of pathogens. Also, it is an essential component of inflammatory extracellular matrices (ECMs) through crosslinking of hyaluronic acid and turn-over of provisional fibrin networks that assemble at sites of tissue injury. This functional diversity is mediated by unique structural characteristics whose fine details have been unveiled only recently. Here, we revisit the structure/function relationships of this long pentraxin in light of the most recent advances in its structural biology, with a focus on the interplay with complement and the emerging roles as a component of the ECM. Differences to and similarities with the short pentraxins are highlighted and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Barbara Bottazzi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Humoral Innate Immunity, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Antonio Inforzato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
- Laboratory of Cellular and Humoral Innate Immunity, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
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Capra AP, Crupi L, Pantò G, Repici A, Calapai F, Squeri R, Ardizzone A, Esposito E. Serum Pentraxin 3 as Promising Biomarker for the Long-Lasting Inflammatory Response of COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14195. [PMID: 37762499 PMCID: PMC10531731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, biological markers for COVID-19 disease severity still constitute the main goal of enhancing an efficient treatment to reduce critical consequences such as an abnormal systemic inflammatory response. In this regard, the latest research has shown that Pentraxin 3 (PTX3), a highly conserved innate immunity protein, may serve as a valuable biochemical marker. Based on this evidence, we conducted a case-control study to compare the PTX3 serum levels and several immune-inflammatory mediators of 80 healthcare workers who were subdivided into subjects who were previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 (n = 40) and individuals who were never infected (n = 40). Using a commercially available Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), PTX3 and various immune-inflammatory protein levels were assessed in serum samples, while also considering possible variables (e.g., gender-related differences). We have shown elevated levels of PTX3 and other inflammatory proteins in previously infected COVID-19-positive subjects (p < 0.001). Moreover, the obtained data also indicate a degree of severity influenced by gender, as shown by the subgroup analysis, in which PTX3 expression was more pronounced in previously COVID-19-positive males (p < 0.001) than in females (p < 0.05) compared to the respective controls. In addition, our data further validate, through a direct comparison of previously COVID-19-positive subjects, greater pro-inflammatory levels in males than in females. Overall, our results may support the validity of PTX3 as a systemic biomarker in prolonged systemic inflammatory responses in the context of COVID-19. Thus, PTX3 modulation could constitute an effective therapeutic strategy for improving the recovery from COVID-19 and its systemic long-term consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Paola Capra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.P.C.); (L.C.); (A.R.); (F.C.); (E.E.)
| | - Lelio Crupi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.P.C.); (L.C.); (A.R.); (F.C.); (E.E.)
| | - Giuseppe Pantò
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Alberto Repici
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.P.C.); (L.C.); (A.R.); (F.C.); (E.E.)
| | - Fabrizio Calapai
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.P.C.); (L.C.); (A.R.); (F.C.); (E.E.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Raffaele Squeri
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Alessio Ardizzone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.P.C.); (L.C.); (A.R.); (F.C.); (E.E.)
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.P.C.); (L.C.); (A.R.); (F.C.); (E.E.)
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Isazadeh A, Heris JA, Shahabi P, Mohammadinasab R, Shomali N, Nasiri H, Valedkarimi Z, Khosroshahi AJ, Hajazimian S, Akbari M, Sadeghvand S. Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) in SARS-CoV-2. Life Sci 2023; 329:121940. [PMID: 37451397 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are specific sensors that directly recognize various molecules derived from viral or bacterial pathogens, senescent cells, damaged cells, and apoptotic cells. These sensors act as a bridge between nonspecific and specific immunity in humans. PRRs in human innate immunity were classified into six types: toll-like receptors (TLR), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs), absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2)-like receptors (ALRs), retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), and cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS). Numerous types of PRRs are responsible for recognizing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, which is immensely effective in prompting interferon responses. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection by PRRs causes the initiation of an intracellular signaling cascade and subsequently the activation of various transcription factors that stimulate the production of cytokines, chemokines, and other immune-related factors. Therefore, it seems that PRRs are a promising potential therapeutic approach for combating SARS-CoV-2 infection and other microbial infections. In this review, we have introduced the current knowledge of various PRRs and related signaling pathways in response to SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Isazadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Ahmadian Heris
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Pediatric Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parviz Shahabi
- Department of Physiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Mohammadinasab
- Department of History of Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Navid Shomali
- Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Nasiri
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Valedkarimi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Saba Hajazimian
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza Akbari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Shahram Sadeghvand
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Van Damme KFA, Hoste L, Declercq J, De Leeuw E, Maes B, Martens L, Colman R, Browaeys R, Bosteels C, Verwaerde S, Vermeulen N, Lameire S, Debeuf N, Deckers J, Stordeur P, Depuydt P, Van Braeckel E, Vandekerckhove L, Guilliams M, Schetters STT, Haerynck F, Tavernier SJ, Lambrecht BN. A complement atlas identifies interleukin-6-dependent alternative pathway dysregulation as a key druggable feature of COVID-19. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadi0252. [PMID: 37611083 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adi0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Improvements in COVID-19 treatments, especially for the critically ill, require deeper understanding of the mechanisms driving disease pathology. The complement system is not only a crucial component of innate host defense but can also contribute to tissue injury. Although all complement pathways have been implicated in COVID-19 pathogenesis, the upstream drivers and downstream effects on tissue injury remain poorly defined. We demonstrate that complement activation is primarily mediated by the alternative pathway, and we provide a comprehensive atlas of the complement alterations around the time of respiratory deterioration. Proteomic and single-cell sequencing mapping across cell types and tissues reveals a division of labor between lung epithelial, stromal, and myeloid cells in complement production, in addition to liver-derived factors. We identify IL-6 and STAT1/3 signaling as an upstream driver of complement responses, linking complement dysregulation to approved COVID-19 therapies. Furthermore, an exploratory proteomic study indicates that inhibition of complement C5 decreases epithelial damage and markers of disease severity. Collectively, these results support complement dysregulation as a key druggable feature of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel F A Van Damme
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Levi Hoste
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Primary Immune Deficiency Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Diseases and Pediatrics, Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency Ghent, Jeffrey Modell Diagnosis and Research Centre, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jozefien Declercq
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth De Leeuw
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bastiaan Maes
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Liesbet Martens
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Biology in Tissue Homeostasis and Regeneration, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Biology in Tissue Damage and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Roos Colman
- Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robin Browaeys
- Bioinformatics Expertise Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cédric Bosteels
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Respiratory Infection and Defense Lab, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn Verwaerde
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nicky Vermeulen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Primary Immune Deficiency Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Diseases and Pediatrics, Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency Ghent, Jeffrey Modell Diagnosis and Research Centre, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sahine Lameire
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nincy Debeuf
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julie Deckers
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Stordeur
- Belgian National Reference Center for the Complement System, Laboratory of Immunology, LHUB-ULB, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pieter Depuydt
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Intensive Care Unit, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva Van Braeckel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Respiratory Infection and Defense Lab, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Linos Vandekerckhove
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Belgium
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martin Guilliams
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Biology in Tissue Homeostasis and Regeneration, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Biology in Tissue Damage and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Sjoerd T T Schetters
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filomeen Haerynck
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Primary Immune Deficiency Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Diseases and Pediatrics, Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency Ghent, Jeffrey Modell Diagnosis and Research Centre, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simon J Tavernier
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Primary Immune Deficiency Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Diseases and Pediatrics, Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency Ghent, Jeffrey Modell Diagnosis and Research Centre, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Feitosa TA, de Souza Sá MV, Pereira VC, de Andrade Cavalcante MK, Pereira VRA, da Costa Armstrong A, do Carmo RF. Association of polymorphisms in long pentraxin 3 and its plasma levels with COVID-19 severity. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:1225-1233. [PMID: 36315310 PMCID: PMC9619017 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00926-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 is an infectious respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is involved in the activation and regulation of the complement system, demonstrating an important role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. The aim was to evaluate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in PTX3 and its plasma levels with the severity of COVID-19. This is a retrospective cohort study, carried out between August 2020 and July 2021, including patients with confirmed COVID-19 hospitalized in 2 hospitals in the Northeast Region of Brazil. Polymorphisms in PTX3 (rs1840680 and rs2305619) were determined by real-time PCR. PTX3 plasma levels were measured by ELISA. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were determined by flow cytometry. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify parameters independently associated with COVID-19 severity. P values < 0.05 were considered significant. The study included 496 patients, classified as moderate (n = 267) and severe (n = 229) cases. The PTX3 AA genotype (rs1840680) was independently associated with protection against severe COVID-19 (P = 0.037; odds ratio = 0.555). PTX3 plasma levels were significantly associated with COVID-19 severity and mortality (P < 0.05). PTX3 levels were significantly correlated with IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, C-reactive protein, total leukocytes, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, urea, creatinine, ferritin, length of hospital stay, and higher respiratory rate (P < 0.05). Our results revealed a protective effect of the PTX3 AA genotype (rs1840680) on the development of severe forms of COVID-19. Additionally, PTX3 plasma levels were associated with the severity of COVID-19. The results of this study provide evidence of an important role of PTX3 in the immunopathology of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiala Alves Feitosa
- Postgraduate Program in Biosciences, Universidade Federal Do Vale Do São Francisco, Av. José de Sá Maniçoba, S/N, Centro, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Mirela Vanessa de Souza Sá
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Vale Do São Francisco, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Marton Kaique de Andrade Cavalcante
- Department of Immunology, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Therapeutic Innovation, Center of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Feliciano do Carmo
- Postgraduate Program in Biosciences, Universidade Federal Do Vale Do São Francisco, Av. José de Sá Maniçoba, S/N, Centro, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil.
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Vale Do São Francisco, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Bulla R, Rossi L, Furlanis G, Agostinis C, Toffoli M, Balduit A, Mangogna A, Liccari M, Morosini G, Kishore U, Manganotti P. A likely association between low mannan-binding lectin level and brain fog onset in long COVID patients. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1191083. [PMID: 37398656 PMCID: PMC10312368 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1191083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain fog can be described as a constellation of new-onset neuropsychiatric sequelae in the post-acute phase of COVID-19 (long COVID). The symptoms include inattention, short-term memory loss, and reduced mental acuity, which may undermine cognition, concentration, and sleep. This cognitive impairment, persisting for weeks or months after the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection, can significantly impact on daily activities and the quality of life. An important role for the complement system (C) in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 has emerged since the beginning of pandemic outbreak. A number of pathophysiological characteristics including microangiopathy and myocarditis have been attributed to dysregulated C activation due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mannan-binding lectin (MBL), the first recognition subcomponent of the C lectin pathway, has been shown to bind to glycosylated SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, genetic variants of MBL2 are suggested to have an association with severe COVID-19 manifestations requiring hospitalization. In the present study, we evaluated MBL activity (lectin pathway activation) and levels in the sera of a cohort of COVID-19 patients, presenting brain fog or only hyposmia/hypogeusia as persistent symptoms, and compared them with healthy volunteers. We found significantly lower levels of MBL and lectin pathway activity in the sera of patients experiencing brain fog as compared to recovered COVID-19 patients without brain fog. Our data indicate that long COVID-associated brain fog can be listed among the variegate manifestations of increased susceptibility to infections and diseases contributed by MBL deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Bulla
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Rossi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, ASUGI, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giovanni Furlanis
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, ASUGI, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Agostinis
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Miriam Toffoli
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Balduit
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mangogna
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Liccari
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, ASUGI, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giorgia Morosini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Uday Kishore
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Paolo Manganotti
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, ASUGI, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Yilmaz D, Soyoz M, Sahin A, Cerci-Alkac B, Karahan-Coven HI, Ekemen-Keles Y, Ustundag G, Kara-Aksay A, Yilmaz N, Pirim İ. Association between mannose binding lectin gene polymorphisms and clinical severity of COVID-19 in children. Mol Biol Rep 2023:10.1007/s11033-023-08524-z. [PMID: 37231213 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08524-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a member of innate immunity and acts with MASP (MBL-associated serine protease) to activate the lectin pathway of the complement system. MBL gene polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to infectious diseases. This study investigated whether MBL2 genotype, serum MBL levels, and serum MASP-2 levels affect the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS AND RESULTS Pediatric patients diagnosed with COVID-19 by positive real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were included in the study. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter and exon 1 in the MBL2 gene (rs11003125, rs7096206, rs1800450, rs1800451, rs5030737) were identified by a PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphisms analysis. Serum MBL and MASP-2 levels were measured by ELISA. COVID-19 patients were divided into asymptomatic and symptomatic. Variables were compared between these two groups. A total of 100 children were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 130 ± 67.2 months. Of the patients, 68 (68%) were symptomatic, and 32 (32%) were asymptomatic. The polymorphisms in the - 221nt and - 550nt promoter regions did not differ between groups (p > 0.05). All codon 52 and codon 57 genotypes were determined as wild-type AA. AB genotypes were found 45.6% in symptomatic patients while 23.5% in asymptomatics. Moreover, BB genotype was detected 9.4% in symptomatic and 6.3% in asymptomatic patients (p < 0.001). B allele was more frequent in symptomatic patients (46.3%) compared to asymptomatic patients (10.9%). (p < 0.001). Serum MBL and MASP-2 levels did not differ statistically between the groups (p = 0.295, p = 0.073). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that codon 54 polymorphism in the MBL2 gene exon-1 region can be associated with the symptomatic course of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Yilmaz
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Health Sciences University Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Soyoz
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Sahin
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Health Sciences University Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Burcu Cerci-Alkac
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Yıldız Ekemen-Keles
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Health Sciences University Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gulnihan Ustundag
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Health Sciences University Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ahu Kara-Aksay
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Health Sciences University Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nisel Yilmaz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Health Sciences University Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Pirim
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
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Zelek WM, Harrison RA. Complement and COVID-19: Three years on, what we know, what we don't know, and what we ought to know. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152393. [PMID: 37187043 PMCID: PMC10174470 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus was identified in China in 2019 as the causative agent of COVID-19, and quickly spread throughout the world, causing over 7 million deaths, of which 2 million occurred prior to the introduction of the first vaccine. In the following discussion, while recognising that complement is just one of many players in COVID-19, we focus on the relationship between complement and COVID-19 disease, with limited digression into directly-related areas such as the relationship between complement, kinin release, and coagulation. Prior to the 2019 COVID-19 outbreak, an important role for complement in coronavirus diseases had been established. Subsequently, multiple investigations of patients with COVID-19 confirmed that complement dysregulation is likely to be a major driver of disease pathology, in some, if not all, patients. These data fuelled evaluation of many complement-directed therapeutic agents in small patient cohorts, with claims of significant beneficial effect. As yet, these early results have not been reflected in larger clinical trials, posing questions such as who to treat, appropriate time to treat, duration of treatment, and optimal target for treatment. While significant control of the pandemic has been achieved through a global scientific and medical effort to comprehend the etiology of the disease, through extensive SARS-CoV-2 testing and quarantine measures, through vaccine development, and through improved therapy, possibly aided by attenuation of the dominant strains, it is not yet over. In this review, we summarise complement-relevant literature, emphasise its main conclusions, and formulate a hypothesis for complement involvement in COVID-19. Based on this we make suggestions as to how any future outbreak might be better managed in order to minimise impact on patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioleta M Zelek
- Dementia Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Barbalho SM, Minniti G, Miola VFB, Haber JFDS, Bueno PCDS, de Argollo Haber LS, Girio RSJ, Detregiachi CRP, Dall'Antonia CT, Rodrigues VD, Nicolau CCT, Catharin VMCS, Araújo AC, Laurindo LF. Organokines in COVID-19: A Systematic Review. Cells 2023; 12:1349. [PMID: 37408184 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 that induces a generalized inflammatory state. Organokines (adipokines, osteokines, myokines, hepatokines, and cardiokines) can produce beneficial or harmful effects in this condition. This study aimed to systematically review the role of organokines on COVID-19. PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases were searched, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed, and 37 studies were selected, comprising more than 2700 individuals infected with the virus. Among COVID-19 patients, organokines have been associated with endothelial dysfunction and multiple organ failure due to augmented cytokines and increased SARS-CoV-2 viremia. Changes in the pattern of organokines secretion can directly or indirectly contribute to aggravating the infection, promoting immune response alterations, and predicting the disease progression. These molecules have the potential to be used as adjuvant biomarkers to predict the severity of the illness and severe outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Avenida Castro Alves, 62, Marília 17500-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Giulia Minniti
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Vitor Fernando Bordin Miola
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Jesselina Francisco Dos Santos Haber
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Centro Interdisciplinar em Diabetes (CENID), School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Cincotto Dos Santos Bueno
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiza Santos de Argollo Haber
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Raul S J Girio
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Rucco Penteado Detregiachi
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), School of Medicine, Avenida Monte Carmelo, 800, Marília 17519-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Tiveron Dall'Antonia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Victória Dogani Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), School of Medicine, Avenida Monte Carmelo, 800, Marília 17519-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudia C T Nicolau
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Avenida Castro Alves, 62, Marília 17500-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Virginia Maria Cavallari Strozze Catharin
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano Cressoni Araújo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), School of Medicine, Avenida Monte Carmelo, 800, Marília 17519-030, SP, Brazil
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Theoharides TC, Tsilioni I. Humoral Innate Immunity and Acute-Phase Proteins. N Engl J Med 2023; 388:1725. [PMID: 37133604 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc2302460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
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Hurler L, Szilágyi Á, Mescia F, Bergamaschi L, Mező B, Sinkovits G, Réti M, Müller V, Iványi Z, Gál J, Gopcsa L, Reményi P, Szathmáry B, Lakatos B, Szlávik J, Bobek I, Prohászka ZZ, Förhécz Z, Csuka D, Kajdácsi E, Cervenak L, Kiszel P, Masszi T, Vályi-Nagy I, Würzner R, Lyons PA, Toonen EJM, Prohászka Z. Complement lectin pathway activation is associated with COVID-19 disease severity, independent of MBL2 genotype subgroups. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1162171. [PMID: 37051252 PMCID: PMC10084477 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1162171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionWhile complement is a contributor to disease severity in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, all three complement pathways might be activated by the virus. Lectin pathway activation occurs through different pattern recognition molecules, including mannan binding lectin (MBL), a protein shown to interact with SARS-CoV-2 proteins. However, the exact role of lectin pathway activation and its key pattern recognition molecule MBL in COVID-19 is still not fully understood.MethodsWe therefore investigated activation of the lectin pathway in two independent cohorts of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, while also analysing MBL protein levels and potential effects of the six major single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) found in the MBL2 gene on COVID-19 severity and outcome.ResultsWe show that the lectin pathway is activated in acute COVID-19, indicated by the correlation between complement activation product levels of the MASP-1/C1-INH complex (p=0.0011) and C4d (p<0.0001) and COVID-19 severity. Despite this, genetic variations in MBL2 are not associated with susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection or disease outcomes such as mortality and the development of Long COVID.ConclusionIn conclusion, activation of the MBL-LP only plays a minor role in COVID-19 pathogenesis, since no clinically meaningful, consistent associations with disease outcomes were noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Hurler
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Szilágyi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Federica Mescia
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Bergamaschi
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Blanka Mező
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Research Group for Immunology and Haematology, Semmelweis University - Eötvös Loránd Research Network (Office for Supported Research Groups), Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Sinkovits
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marienn Réti
- Department of Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Central Hospital of Southern Pest - Institute of Haematology and Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Veronika Müller
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Iványi
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Gál
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Gopcsa
- Department of Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Central Hospital of Southern Pest - Institute of Haematology and Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Reményi
- Department of Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Central Hospital of Southern Pest - Institute of Haematology and Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Szathmáry
- Department of Infectology, Central Hospital of Southern Pest - Institute of Haematology and Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Botond Lakatos
- Department of Infectology, Central Hospital of Southern Pest - Institute of Haematology and Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Szlávik
- Department of Infectology, Central Hospital of Southern Pest - Institute of Haematology and Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ilona Bobek
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Central Hospital of Southern Pest - Institute of Haematology and Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zita Z. Prohászka
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Förhécz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Csuka
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erika Kajdácsi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Cervenak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Petra Kiszel
- Research Group for Immunology and Haematology, Semmelweis University - Eötvös Loránd Research Network (Office for Supported Research Groups), Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Masszi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Vályi-Nagy
- Department of Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Central Hospital of Southern Pest - Institute of Haematology and Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Reinhard Würzner
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Paul A. Lyons
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Erik J. M. Toonen
- Research and Development Department, Hycult Biotech, Uden, Netherlands
| | - Zoltán Prohászka
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Research Group for Immunology and Haematology, Semmelweis University - Eötvös Loránd Research Network (Office for Supported Research Groups), Budapest, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Zoltán Prohászka,
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Liu Y, Zhu Y, Sun X, Ma T, Lao X, Zheng H. DRAVP: A Comprehensive Database of Antiviral Peptides and Proteins. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040820. [PMID: 37112801 PMCID: PMC10141206 DOI: 10.3390/v15040820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses with rapid replication and easy mutation can become resistant to antiviral drug treatment. With novel viral infections emerging, such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic, novel antiviral therapies are urgently needed. Antiviral proteins, such as interferon, have been used for treating chronic hepatitis C infections for decades. Natural-origin antimicrobial peptides, such as defensins, have also been identified as possessing antiviral activities, including direct antiviral effects and the ability to induce indirect immune responses to viruses. To promote the development of antiviral drugs, we constructed a data repository of antiviral peptides and proteins (DRAVP). The database provides general information, antiviral activity, structure information, physicochemical information, and literature information for peptides and proteins. Because most of the proteins and peptides lack experimentally determined structures, AlphaFold was used to predict each antiviral peptide's structure. A free website for users (http://dravp.cpu-bioinfor.org/, accessed on 30 August 2022) was constructed to facilitate data retrieval and sequence analysis. Additionally, all the data can be accessed from the web interface. The DRAVP database aims to be a useful resource for developing antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchao Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Youzhuo Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xin Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tianyue Ma
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xingzhen Lao
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Heng Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
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Cappadona C, Rimoldi V, Paraboschi EM, Asselta R. Genetic susceptibility to severe COVID-19. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 110:105426. [PMID: 36934789 PMCID: PMC10022467 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiologic agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Clinical manifestations of the disease range from an asymptomatic condition to life-threatening events and death, with more severe courses being associated with age, male sex, and comorbidities. Besides these risk factors, intrinsic characteristics of the virus as well as genetic factors of the host are expected to account for COVID-19 clinical heterogeneity. Genetic studies have long been recognized as fundamental to identify biological mechanisms underlying congenital diseases, to pinpoint genes/proteins responsible for the susceptibility to different inherited conditions, to highlight targets of therapeutic relevance, to suggest drug repurposing, and even to clarify causal relationships that make modifiable some environmental risk factors. Though these studies usually take long time to be concluded and, above all, to translate their discoveries to patients' bedside, the scientific community moved really fast to deliver genetic signals underlying different COVID-19 phenotypes. In this Review, besides a concise description of COVID-19 symptomatology and of SARS-CoV-2 mechanism of infection, we aimed to recapitulate the current literature in terms of host genetic factors that specifically associate with an increased severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Cappadona
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele - Milan 20090, Italy
| | - Valeria Rimoldi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele - Milan 20090, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy
| | - Elvezia Maria Paraboschi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele - Milan 20090, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy
| | - Rosanna Asselta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele - Milan 20090, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy.
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Akbar SMF, Al Mahtab M, Khan S. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Pathogenic and Protective Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 and Implications of COVID-19 Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030615. [PMID: 36992199 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has devastated the world with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has imparted a toll of at least 631 million reported cases with 6.57 million reported deaths. In order to handle this pandemic, vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been developed and billions of doses of various vaccines have been administered. In the meantime, several antiviral drugs and other treatment modalities have been developed to treat COVID-19 patients. At the end of the day, it seems that anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and newly developed antiviral drugs may be improved based on various new developments. COVID-19 represents a virus-induced, immune-mediated pathological process. The severity of the disease is related to the nature and properties of the host immune responses. In addition, host immunity plays a dominant role in regulating the extent of COVID-19. The present reality regarding the role of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, persistence of SARS-CoV-2 infection even three years after the initiation of the pandemic, and divergent faces of COVID-19 have initiated several queries among huge populations, policy makers, general physicians, and scientific communities. The present review aims to provide some information regarding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Mohammad Fazle Akbar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Ehime, Japan
| | - Mamun Al Mahtab
- Interventional Hepatology Division, Department of Hepatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, BSMMU, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Sakirul Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu 879-5593, Oita, Japan
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Autoantibodies against chemokines post-SARS-CoV-2 infection correlate with disease course. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:604-611. [PMID: 36879067 PMCID: PMC10063443 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01445-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 associates with diverse symptoms, which can persist for months. While antiviral antibodies are protective, those targeting interferons and other immune factors are associated with adverse coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. Here we discovered that antibodies against specific chemokines were omnipresent post-COVID-19, were associated with favorable disease outcome and negatively correlated with the development of long COVID at 1 yr post-infection. Chemokine antibodies were also present in HIV-1 infection and autoimmune disorders, but they targeted different chemokines compared with COVID-19. Monoclonal antibodies derived from COVID-19 convalescents that bound to the chemokine N-loop impaired cell migration. Given the role of chemokines in orchestrating immune cell trafficking, naturally arising chemokine antibodies may modulate the inflammatory response and thus bear therapeutic potential.
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Genome-Wide Detection and Analysis of Copy Number Variation in Anhui Indigenous and Western Commercial Pig Breeds Using Porcine 80K SNP BeadChip. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030654. [PMID: 36980927 PMCID: PMC10047991 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Copy number variation (CNV) is an important class of genetic variations widely associated with the porcine genome, but little is known about the characteristics of CNVs in foreign and indigenous pig breeds. We performed a genome-wide comparison of CNVs between Anhui indigenous pig (AHIP) and Western commercial pig (WECP) breeds based on data from the Porcine 80K SNP BeadChip. After analysis using the PennCNV software, we detected 3863 and 7546 CNVs in the AHIP and WECP populations, respectively. We obtained 225 (loss: 178, gain: 47) and 379 (loss: 293, gain: 86) copy number variation regions (CNVRs) randomly distributed across the autosomes of the AHIP and WECP populations, accounting for 10.90% and 22.57% of the porcine autosomal genome, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis of genes in the CNVRs identified genes related to immunity (FOXJ1, FOXK2, MBL2, TNFRSF4, SIRT1, NCF1) and meat quality (DGAT1, NT5E) in the WECP population; these genes were a loss event in the WECP population. This study provides important information on CNV differences between foreign and indigenous pig breeds, making it possible to provide a reference for future improvement of these breeds and their production performance.
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Metabolic Profiling of Mimusops elengi Linn. leaves extract and in silico anti-inflammatory assessment targeting NLRP3 inflammasome. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Mantovani
- From IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, and the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele - both in Milan (A.M., C.G.); and William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University, London (A.M.)
| | - Cecilia Garlanda
- From IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, and the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele - both in Milan (A.M., C.G.); and William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University, London (A.M.)
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Meiers J, Dastbaz J, Adam S, Rasheed S, Kirsch SH, Meiser P, Gross P, Müller R, Titz A. Pineapple Lectin AcmJRL Binds SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein in a Carbohydrate-Dependent Fashion. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200463. [PMID: 36420784 PMCID: PMC10107836 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The highly glycosylated spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is essential for infection and constitutes a prime target for antiviral agents and vaccines. The pineapple-derived jacalin-related lectin AcmJRL is present in the medication bromelain in significant quantities and has previously been described to bind mannosides. Here, we performed a large ligand screening of AcmJRL by glycan array analysis, quantified the interaction with carbohydrates and validated high-mannose glycans as preferred ligands. Because the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was previously reported to carry a high proportion of high-mannose N-glycans, we tested the binding of AcmJRL to the recombinantly produced extraviral domain of spike protein. We could demonstrate that AcmJRL binds the spike protein with a low-micromolar KD in a carbohydrate-dependent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joscha Meiers
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH)Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research66123SaarbrückenGermany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF)Standort Hannover-Braunschweig38124BraunschweigGermany
- Department of ChemistrySaarland University66123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Jan Dastbaz
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF)Standort Hannover-Braunschweig38124BraunschweigGermany
- Department of PharmacySaarland University66123SaarbrückenGermany
- Microbial Natural Products (MINS)Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research66123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Sebastian Adam
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF)Standort Hannover-Braunschweig38124BraunschweigGermany
- Drug Design and Optimisation (DDOP)Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research66123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Sari Rasheed
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF)Standort Hannover-Braunschweig38124BraunschweigGermany
- Department of PharmacySaarland University66123SaarbrückenGermany
- Microbial Natural Products (MINS)Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research66123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Susanne H. Kirsch
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF)Standort Hannover-Braunschweig38124BraunschweigGermany
- Microbial Natural Products (MINS)Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research66123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Peter Meiser
- URSAPHARM Arzneimittel GmbH66129SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Peter Gross
- Hochschule KaiserslauternProtein Chemistry Group66953PirmasensGermany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF)Standort Hannover-Braunschweig38124BraunschweigGermany
- Department of PharmacySaarland University66123SaarbrückenGermany
- Microbial Natural Products (MINS)Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research66123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Alexander Titz
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH)Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research66123SaarbrückenGermany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF)Standort Hannover-Braunschweig38124BraunschweigGermany
- Department of ChemistrySaarland University66123SaarbrückenGermany
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