1
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Zhu W, Du W, Rameshbabu AP, Armstrong AM, Silver S, Kim Y, Wei W, Shu Y, Liu X, Lewis MA, Steel KP, Chen ZY. Targeted genome editing restores auditory function in adult mice with progressive hearing loss caused by a human microRNA mutation. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadn0689. [PMID: 38985856 PMCID: PMC7616320 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adn0689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in microRNA-96 (MIR96) cause autosomal dominant deafness-50 (DFNA50), a form of delayed-onset hearing loss. Genome editing has shown efficacy in hearing recovery through intervention in neonatal mice, yet editing in the adult inner ear is necessary for clinical applications, which has not been done. Here, we developed a genome editing therapy for the MIR96 mutation 14C>A by screening different CRISPR systems and optimizing Cas9 expression and the sgRNA scaffold for efficient and specific mutation editing. AAV delivery of the KKH variant of Staphylococcus aureus Cas9 (SaCas9-KKH) and sgRNA to the cochleae of presymptomatic (3-week-old) and symptomatic (6-week-old) adult Mir9614C>A/+ mutant mice improved hearing long term, with efficacy increased by injection at a younger age. Adult inner ear delivery resulted in transient Cas9 expression without evidence of AAV genomic integration, indicating the good safety profile of our in vivo genome editing strategy. We developed a dual-AAV system, including an AAV-sgmiR96-master carrying sgRNAs against all known human MIR96 mutations. Because mouse and human MIR96 sequences share 100% homology, our approach and sgRNA selection for efficient and specific hair cell editing for long-term hearing recovery lay the foundation for the development of treatment for patients with DFNA50 caused by MIR96 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Eaton-Peabody laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA02114, USA
| | - Wan Du
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Eaton-Peabody laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA02114, USA
| | - Arun Prabhu Rameshbabu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Eaton-Peabody laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA02114, USA
| | - Ariel Miura Armstrong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Eaton-Peabody laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA02114, USA
| | - Stewart Silver
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Eaton-Peabody laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA02114, USA
| | - Yehree Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Eaton-Peabody laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA02114, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Eaton-Peabody laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA02114, USA
| | - Yilai Shu
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai200031, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Xuezhong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Morag A. Lewis
- Wolfson Sensory, Pain and Regeneration Centre, King’s College London, LondonWC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Karen P. Steel
- Wolfson Sensory, Pain and Regeneration Centre, King’s College London, LondonWC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Zheng-Yi Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Eaton-Peabody laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA02114, USA
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2
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Ramadoss GN, Namaganda SJ, Hamilton JR, Sharma R, Chow KG, Macklin BL, Sun M, Liu JC, Fellmann C, Watry HL, Jin J, Perez BS, Sandoval Espinoza CR, Matia MP, Lu SH, Judge LM, Nussenzweig A, Adamson B, Murthy N, Doudna JA, Kampmann M, Conklin BR. Neuronal DNA repair reveals strategies to influence CRISPR editing outcomes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.25.600517. [PMID: 38979269 PMCID: PMC11230251 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.25.600517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Genome editing is poised to revolutionize treatment of genetic diseases, but poor understanding and control of DNA repair outcomes hinders its therapeutic potential. DNA repair is especially understudied in nondividing cells like neurons, which must withstand decades of DNA damage without replicating. This lack of knowledge limits the efficiency and precision of genome editing in clinically relevant cells. To address this, we used induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and iPSC-derived neurons to examine how postmitotic human neurons repair Cas9-induced DNA damage. We discovered that neurons can take weeks to fully resolve this damage, compared to just days in isogenic iPSCs. Furthermore, Cas9-treated neurons upregulated unexpected DNA repair genes, including factors canonically associated with replication. Manipulating this response with chemical or genetic perturbations allowed us to direct neuronal repair toward desired editing outcomes. By studying DNA repair in postmitotic human cells, we uncovered unforeseen challenges and opportunities for precise therapeutic editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul N Ramadoss
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | | | - Jennifer R Hamilton
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | | | | | - Mengyuan Sun
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Jia-Cheng Liu
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Christof Fellmann
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | | | - Julianne Jin
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Barbara S Perez
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Cindy R Sandoval Espinoza
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | | | - Serena H Lu
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Luke M Judge
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Andre Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Britt Adamson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Niren Murthy
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jennifer A Doudna
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- MBIB Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Martin Kampmann
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Bruce R Conklin
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
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3
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Holt JR, Fettiplace R, Müller U. Sensory transduction in auditory hair cells-PIEZOs can't touch this. J Gen Physiol 2024; 156:e202413585. [PMID: 38727631 PMCID: PMC11090049 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202413585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2024] Open
Abstract
In this Viewpoint, Holt, Fettiplace, and Müller weigh the evidence supporting a role for PIEZO and TMC channels in mechanosensory transduction in inner ear hair cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R. Holt
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Fettiplace
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ulrich Müller
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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4
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Bolduc V, Sizov K, Brull A, Esposito E, Chen GS, Uapinyoying P, Sarathy A, Johnson K, Bönnemann CG. Allele-specific CRISPR/Cas9 editing inactivates a single nucleotide variant associated with collagen VI muscular dystrophy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.22.586265. [PMID: 38585815 PMCID: PMC10996683 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.22.586265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The application of allele-specific gene editing tools can expand the therapeutic options for dominant genetic conditions, either via gene correction or via allelic gene inactivation in situations where haploinsufficiency is tolerated. Here, we used allele-targeted CRISPR/Cas9 guide RNAs (gRNAs) to introduce inactivating frameshifting indels at a single nucleotide variant in the COL6A1 gene (c.868G>A; G290R), a variant that acts as dominant negative and that is associated with a severe form of congenital muscular dystrophy. We expressed spCas9 along with allele-targeted gRNAs, without providing a repair template, in primary fibroblasts derived from four patients and one control subject. Amplicon deep-sequencing for two gRNAs tested showed that single nucleotide deletions accounted for the majority of indels introduced. While activity of the two gRNAs was greater at the G290R allele, both gRNAs were also active at the wild-type allele. To enhance allele-selectivity, we introduced deliberate additional mismatches to one gRNA. One of these optimized gRNAs showed minimal activity at the WT allele, while generating productive edits and improving collagen VI matrix in cultured patient fibroblasts. This study strengthens the potential of gene editing to treat dominant-negative disorders, but also underscores the challenges in achieving allele selectivity with gRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Bolduc
- Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katherine Sizov
- Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Astrid Brull
- Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eric Esposito
- Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Grace S Chen
- Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Prech Uapinyoying
- Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research and Innovation Campus, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, 20012, USA
| | - Apurva Sarathy
- Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kory Johnson
- Bioinformatics Core, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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5
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Qi J, Tan F, Zhang L, Lu L, Zhang S, Zhai Y, Lu Y, Qian X, Dong W, Zhou Y, Zhang Z, Yang X, Jiang L, Yu C, Liu J, Chen T, Wu L, Tan C, Sun S, Song H, Shu Y, Xu L, Gao X, Li H, Chai R. AAV-Mediated Gene Therapy Restores Hearing in Patients with DFNB9 Deafness. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306788. [PMID: 38189623 PMCID: PMC10953563 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in OTOFERLIN (OTOF) lead to the autosomal recessive deafness 9 (DFNB9). The efficacy of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated OTOF gene replacement therapy is extensively validated in Otof-deficient mice. However, the clinical safety and efficacy of AAV-OTOF is not reported. Here, AAV-OTOF is generated using good manufacturing practice and validated its efficacy and safety in mouse and non-human primates in order to determine the optimal injection dose, volume, and administration route for clinical trials. Subsequently, AAV-OTOF is delivered into one cochlea of a 5-year-old deaf patient and into the bilateral cochleae of an 8-year-old deaf patient with OTOF mutations. Obvious hearing improvement is detected by the auditory brainstem response (ABR) and the pure-tone audiometry (PTA) in these two patients. Hearing in the injected ear of the 5-year-old patient can be restored to the normal range at 1 month after AAV-OTOF injection, while the 8-year-old patient can hear the conversational sounds. Most importantly, the 5-year-old patient can hear and recognize speech only through the AAV-OTOF-injected ear. This study is the first to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of AAV-OTOF in patients, expands and optimizes current OTOF-related gene therapy and provides valuable information for further application of gene therapies for deafness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical EngineeringDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryZhongda HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologySchool of MedicineAdvanced Institute for Life and HealthJiangsu Province High‐Tech Key Laboratory for Bio‐Medical ResearchSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
- Co‐Innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantong226001China
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital, School of Life ScienceBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China
| | - Fangzhi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical EngineeringDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryZhongda HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologySchool of MedicineAdvanced Institute for Life and HealthJiangsu Province High‐Tech Key Laboratory for Bio‐Medical ResearchSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Liyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical EngineeringDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryZhongda HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologySchool of MedicineAdvanced Institute for Life and HealthJiangsu Province High‐Tech Key Laboratory for Bio‐Medical ResearchSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Ling Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgerythe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolJiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory)Nanjing210008China
| | | | - Yabo Zhai
- School of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjing210009China
| | - Yicheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical EngineeringDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryZhongda HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologySchool of MedicineAdvanced Institute for Life and HealthJiangsu Province High‐Tech Key Laboratory for Bio‐Medical ResearchSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Xiaoyun Qian
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgerythe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolJiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory)Nanjing210008China
| | | | - Yinyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical EngineeringDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryZhongda HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologySchool of MedicineAdvanced Institute for Life and HealthJiangsu Province High‐Tech Key Laboratory for Bio‐Medical ResearchSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical EngineeringDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryZhongda HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologySchool of MedicineAdvanced Institute for Life and HealthJiangsu Province High‐Tech Key Laboratory for Bio‐Medical ResearchSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Xuehan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical EngineeringDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryZhongda HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologySchool of MedicineAdvanced Institute for Life and HealthJiangsu Province High‐Tech Key Laboratory for Bio‐Medical ResearchSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Lulu Jiang
- Otovia Therapeutics IncSuzhou215101China
| | | | | | - Tian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical EngineeringDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryZhongda HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologySchool of MedicineAdvanced Institute for Life and HealthJiangsu Province High‐Tech Key Laboratory for Bio‐Medical ResearchSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Lianqiu Wu
- Otovia Therapeutics IncSuzhou215101China
| | - Chang Tan
- Otovia Therapeutics IncSuzhou215101China
| | - Sijie Sun
- Otovia Therapeutics IncSuzhou215101China
- Fosun Health CapitalShanghai200233China
| | | | - Yilai Shu
- ENT Institute and Department of OtorhinolaryngologyEye & ENT HospitalState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200031China
- Institute of Biomedical ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing MedicineFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryShandong Provincial ENT HospitalShandong UniversityJinanShandong250022China
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgerythe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolJiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory)Nanjing210008China
| | - Huawei Li
- ENT Institute and Department of OtorhinolaryngologyEye & ENT HospitalState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200031China
- Institute of Biomedical ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing MedicineFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
- The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Renjie Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical EngineeringDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryZhongda HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologySchool of MedicineAdvanced Institute for Life and HealthJiangsu Province High‐Tech Key Laboratory for Bio‐Medical ResearchSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
- Co‐Innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantong226001China
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital, School of Life ScienceBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgerySichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610072China
- Southeast University Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhen518063China
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6
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Cattaneo C, Enzo E, De Rosa L, Sercia L, Consiglio F, Forcato M, Bicciato S, Paiardini A, Basso G, Tagliafico E, Paganelli A, Fiorentini C, Magnoni C, Latella MC, De Luca M. Allele-specific CRISPR-Cas9 editing of dominant epidermolysis bullosa simplex in human epidermal stem cells. Mol Ther 2024; 32:372-383. [PMID: 38053334 PMCID: PMC10861943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is a rare skin disease inherited mostly in an autosomal dominant manner. Patients display a skin fragility that leads to blisters and erosions caused by minor mechanical trauma. EBS phenotypic and genotypic variants are caused by genetic defects in intracellular proteins whose function is to provide the attachment of basal keratinocytes to the basement membrane zone and most EBS cases display mutations in keratin 5 (KRT5) and keratin 14 (KRT14) genes. Besides palliative treatments, there is still no long-lasting effective cure to correct the mutant gene and abolish the dominant negative effect of the pathogenic protein over its wild-type counterpart. Here, we propose a molecular strategy for EBS01 patient's keratinocytes carrying a monoallelic c.475/495del21 mutation in KRT14 exon 1. Through the CRISPR-Cas9 system, we perform a specific cleavage only on the mutant allele and restore a normal cellular phenotype and a correct intermediate filament network, without affecting the epidermal stem cell, referred to as holoclones, which play a crucial role in epidermal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cattaneo
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - E Enzo
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - L De Rosa
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - L Sercia
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - F Consiglio
- Holostem Terapie Avanzate, s.r.l, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - M Forcato
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - S Bicciato
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - A Paiardini
- Department of Biochemical Sciences 'A. Rossi Fanelli', Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - G Basso
- Genomic Units, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - E Tagliafico
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - A Paganelli
- Regenerative and Oncological Dermatological Surgery Unit, Modena University Hospital, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - C Fiorentini
- Regenerative and Oncological Dermatological Surgery Unit, Modena University Hospital, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - C Magnoni
- Regenerative and Oncological Dermatological Surgery Unit, Modena University Hospital, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - M C Latella
- Holostem Terapie Avanzate, s.r.l, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - M De Luca
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy.
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7
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Pan X, Li Y, Huang P, Staecker H, He M. Extracellular vesicles for developing targeted hearing loss therapy. J Control Release 2024; 366:460-478. [PMID: 38182057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Substantial efforts have been made for local administration of small molecules or biologics in treating hearing loss diseases caused by either trauma, genetic mutations, or drug ototoxicity. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) naturally secreted from cells have drawn increasing attention on attenuating hearing impairment from both preclinical studies and clinical studies. Highly emerging field utilizing diverse bioengineering technologies for developing EVs as the bioderived therapeutic materials, along with artificial intelligence (AI)-based targeting toolkits, shed the light on the unique properties of EVs specific to inner ear delivery. This review will illuminate such exciting research field from fundamentals of hearing protective functions of EVs to biotechnology advancement and potential clinical translation of functionalized EVs. Specifically, the advancements in assessing targeting ligands using AI algorithms are systematically discussed. The overall translational potential of EVs is reviewed in the context of auditory sensing system for developing next generation gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshu Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Yanjun Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Peixin Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
| | - Hinrich Staecker
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States.
| | - Mei He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States.
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8
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Li L, Shen T, Liu S, Qi J, Zhao Y. Advancements and future prospects of adeno-associated virus-mediated gene therapy for sensorineural hearing loss. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1272786. [PMID: 38327848 PMCID: PMC10847333 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1272786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), a highly prevalent sensory impairment, results from a multifaceted interaction of genetic and environmental factors. As we continually gain insights into the molecular basis of auditory development and the growing compendium of deafness genes identified, research on gene therapy for SNHL has significantly deepened. Adeno-associated virus (AAV), considered a relatively secure vector for gene therapy in clinical trials, can deliver various transgenes based on gene therapy strategies such as gene replacement, gene silencing, gene editing, or gene addition to alleviate diverse types of SNHL. This review delved into the preclinical advances in AAV-based gene therapy for SNHL, spanning hereditary and acquired types. Particular focus is placed on the dual-AAV construction method and its application, the vector delivery route of mouse inner ear models (local, systemic, fetal, and cerebrospinal fluid administration), and the significant considerations in transforming from AAV-based animal model inner ear gene therapy to clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linke Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shixi Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jieyu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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9
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Luo Y, Wu K, Zhang X, Wang H, Wang Q. Genetic correction of induced pluripotent stem cells from a DFNA36 patient results in morphologic and functional recovery of derived hair cell-like cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:4. [PMID: 38167128 PMCID: PMC10763492 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03617-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TMC1 is one of the most common deafness genes causing DFNA36. Patient-derived human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide an opportunity to modelling diseases. TMC1 p.M418K mutation in human is orthologous to Beethoven mice. Here, we investigated the differentiation, morphology and electrophysiological properties of hair cell-like cells (HC-like cells) derived from DFNA36 patient. METHODS Inner ear HC-like cells were induced from iPSCs derived from DFNA36 (TMC1 p.M418K) patient (M+/-), normal control (M+/+) and genetic corrected iPSCs (M+/C). Immunofluorescence, scanning electron microscopy and whole-cell patch-clamp were used to study the mechanism and influence of TMC1 p.M418K mutation. RESULTS In this study we successfully generated HC-like cells from iPSCs with three different genotypes. HC-like cells from M+/- showed defected morphology of microvilli and physiological properties compared to M+/+. HC-like cells from M+/C showed recovery in morphology of microvilli and physiological properties. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that TMC1 p.M418K mutation didn't influence inner ear hair cell differentiation but the morphology of microvilli and electrophysiological properties and gene correction induced recovery. CRISPR/Cas9 gene therapy is feasible in human patient with TMC1 p.M418K mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luo
- Department of Audiology and Vestibular Medicine, Senior Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 6 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
- Chinese PLA Medical School, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Kaiwen Wu
- Department of Audiology and Vestibular Medicine, Senior Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 6 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- Department of Audiology and Vestibular Medicine, Senior Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 6 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Hongyang Wang
- Department of Audiology and Vestibular Medicine, Senior Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 6 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Qiuju Wang
- Department of Audiology and Vestibular Medicine, Senior Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 6 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
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10
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王 子, 曹 麒, 胡 少, 范 新, 吕 俊, 王 会, 王 武, 李 华, 舒 易. [Study on gene therapy for DPOAE and ABR threshold changes in adult Otof-/- mice]. LIN CHUANG ER BI YAN HOU TOU JING WAI KE ZA ZHI = JOURNAL OF CLINICAL OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY, HEAD, AND NECK SURGERY 2024; 38:49-56. [PMID: 38297849 PMCID: PMC11116155 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Objective:This study aims to analyze the threshold changes in distortion product otoacoustic emissions(DPOAE) and auditory brainstem response(ABR) in adult Otof-/- mice before and after gene therapy, evaluating its effectiveness and exploring methods for assessing hearing recovery post-treatment. Methods:At the age of 4 weeks, adult Otof-/- mice received an inner ear injection of a therapeutic agent containing intein-mediated recombination of the OTOF gene, delivered via dual AAV vectors through the round window membrane(RWM). Immunofluorescence staining assessed the proportion of inner ear hair cells with restored otoferlin expression and the number of synapses.Statistical analysis was performed to compare the DPOAE and ABR thresholds before and after the treatment. Results:AAV-PHP. eB demonstrates high transduction efficiency in inner ear hair cells. The therapeutic regimen corrected hearing loss in adult Otof-/- mice without impacting auditory function in wild-type mice. The changes in DPOAE and ABR thresholds after gene therapy are significantly correlated at 16 kHz. Post-treatment,a slight increase in DPOAE was observeds,followed by a recovery trend at 2 months post-treatment. Conclusion:Gene therapy significantly restored hearing in adult Otof-/- mice, though the surgical delivery may cause transient hearing damage. Precise and gentle surgical techniques are essential to maximize gene therapy's efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- 子菁 王
- 南华大学附属第二医院耳鼻喉科(湖南衡阳,421001)Department of Otolaryngology, Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University Hengyang, 421001, China
- 复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院耳鼻喉科Otolaryngology Department of Fudan University Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital
| | - 麒 曹
- 南华大学附属第二医院耳鼻喉科(湖南衡阳,421001)Department of Otolaryngology, Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University Hengyang, 421001, China
- 复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院耳鼻喉科Otolaryngology Department of Fudan University Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital
| | - 少伟 胡
- 复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院耳鼻喉科Otolaryngology Department of Fudan University Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital
| | - 新泰 范
- 复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院耳鼻喉科Otolaryngology Department of Fudan University Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital
| | - 俊 吕
- 复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院耳鼻喉科Otolaryngology Department of Fudan University Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital
| | - 会 王
- 复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院耳鼻喉科Otolaryngology Department of Fudan University Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital
| | - 武庆 王
- 复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院耳鼻喉科Otolaryngology Department of Fudan University Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital
| | - 华伟 李
- 复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院耳鼻喉科Otolaryngology Department of Fudan University Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital
| | - 易来 舒
- 南华大学附属第二医院耳鼻喉科(湖南衡阳,421001)Department of Otolaryngology, Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University Hengyang, 421001, China
- 复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院耳鼻喉科Otolaryngology Department of Fudan University Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital
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11
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Qi J, Zhang L, Tan F, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Zhang Z, Wang H, Yu C, Jiang L, Liu J, Chen T, Wu L, Zhang S, Sun S, Sun S, Lu L, Wang Q, Chai R. Preclinical Efficacy And Safety Evaluation of AAV-OTOF in DFNB9 Mouse Model And Nonhuman Primate. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306201. [PMID: 38014592 PMCID: PMC10797419 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
OTOF mutations are the principal causes of auditory neuropathy. There are reports on Otof-related gene therapy in mice, but there is no preclinical research on the drug evaluations. Here, Anc80L65 and the mouse hair cell-specific Myo15 promoter (mMyo15) are used to selectively and effectively deliver human OTOF to hair cells in mice and nonhuman primates to evaluate the efficacy and safety of OTOF gene therapy drugs. A new dual-AAV-OTOF-hybrid strategy to transfer full-length OTOF is generated, which can stably restore hearing in adult OTOFp.Q939*/Q939* mice with profound deafness, with the longest duration being at least 150 days, and the best therapeutic effect without difference in hearing from wild-type mice. An AAV microinjection method into the cochlea of cynomolgus monkeys without hearing impairment is further established and found the OTOF can be safely and effectively driven by the mMyo15 promoter in hair cells. In addition, the therapeutic dose of AAV drugs has no impact on normal hearing and does not cause significant systemic toxicity both in mouse and nonhuman primates. In summary, this study develops a potential gene therapy strategy for DFNB9 patients in the clinic and provides complete, standardized, and systematic research data for clinical research and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Liyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Fangzhi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yinyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Hongyang Wang
- Senior Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, the Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Chaorong Yu
- Otovia Therapeutics Inc., Suzhou, 215101, China
| | - Lulu Jiang
- Otovia Therapeutics Inc., Suzhou, 215101, China
| | | | - Tian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Lianqiu Wu
- Otovia Therapeutics Inc., Suzhou, 215101, China
| | | | - Sijie Sun
- Otovia Therapeutics Inc., Suzhou, 215101, China
- Fosun Health Capital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Shan Sun
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Qiuju Wang
- Senior Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, the Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
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12
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Qiu Y, Wang H, Pan H, Ding X, Guan J, Zhuang Q, Wu K, Lei Z, Cai H, Dong Y, Zhou H, Lin A, Wang Q, Yan Q. NADH improves AIF dimerization and inhibits apoptosis in iPSCs-derived neurons from patients with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder. Hear Res 2024; 441:108919. [PMID: 38043402 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2023.108919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) is a hearing impairment involving disruptions to inner hair cells (IHCs), ribbon synapses, spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), and/or the auditory nerve itself. The outcomes of cochlear implants (CI) for ANSD are variable and dependent on the location of lesion sites. Discovering a potential therapeutic agent for ANSD remains an urgent requirement. Here, 293T stable transfection cell lines and patient induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived auditory neurons carrying the apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) p.R422Q variant were used to pursue a therapeutic regent for ANSD. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) is a main electron donor in the electron transport chain (ETC). In 293T stable transfection cells with the p.R422Q variant, NADH treatment improved AIF dimerization, rescued mitochondrial dysfunctions, and decreased cell apoptosis. The effects of NADH were further confirmed in patient iPSCs-derived neurons. The relative level of AIF dimers was increased to 150.7 % (P = 0.026) from 59.2 % in patient-neurons upon NADH treatment. Such increased AIF dimerization promoted the mitochondrial import of coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain-containing protein 4 (CHCHD4), which further restored mitochondrial functions. Similarly, the content of mitochondrial calcium (mCa2+) was downregulated from 136.7 % to 102.3 % (P = 0.0024) in patient-neurons upon NADH treatment. Such decreased mCa2+ levels inhibited calpain activity, ultimately reducing the percentage of apoptotic cells from 30.5 % to 21.1 % (P = 0.021). We also compared the therapeutic effects of gene correction and NADH treatment on hereditary ANSD. NADH treatment had comparable restorative effects on functions of ANSD patient-specific cells to that of gene correction. Our findings offer evidence of the molecular mechanisms of ANSD and introduce NADH as a potential therapeutic agent for ANSD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qiu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Institute of Brain Science, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Hongyang Wang
- Department of Audiology and Vestibular Medicine, Senior Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, the Sixth Medicine Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Huaye Pan
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xue Ding
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jing Guan
- Department of Audiology and Vestibular Medicine, Senior Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, the Sixth Medicine Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Qianqian Zhuang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Kaiwen Wu
- Department of Audiology and Vestibular Medicine, Senior Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, the Sixth Medicine Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zhaoying Lei
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Huajian Cai
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yufei Dong
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Aifu Lin
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Qiuju Wang
- Department of Audiology and Vestibular Medicine, Senior Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, the Sixth Medicine Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Qingfeng Yan
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China; Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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13
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Lye J, Delaney DS, Leith FK, Sardesai VS, McLenachan S, Chen FK, Atlas MD, Wong EYM. Recent Therapeutic Progress and Future Perspectives for the Treatment of Hearing Loss. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3347. [PMID: 38137568 PMCID: PMC10741758 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Up to 1.5 billion people worldwide suffer from various forms of hearing loss, with an additional 1.1 billion people at risk from various insults such as increased consumption of recreational noise-emitting devices and ageing. The most common type of hearing impairment is sensorineural hearing loss caused by the degeneration or malfunction of cochlear hair cells or spiral ganglion nerves in the inner ear. There is currently no cure for hearing loss. However, emerging frontier technologies such as gene, drug or cell-based therapies offer hope for an effective cure. In this review, we discuss the current therapeutic progress for the treatment of hearing loss. We describe and evaluate the major therapeutic approaches being applied to hearing loss and summarize the key trials and studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey Lye
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (J.L.); (D.S.D.); (F.K.L.); (V.S.S.); (M.D.A.)
- Centre for Ear Sciences, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Derek S. Delaney
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (J.L.); (D.S.D.); (F.K.L.); (V.S.S.); (M.D.A.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Fiona K. Leith
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (J.L.); (D.S.D.); (F.K.L.); (V.S.S.); (M.D.A.)
- Centre for Ear Sciences, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Varda S. Sardesai
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (J.L.); (D.S.D.); (F.K.L.); (V.S.S.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Samuel McLenachan
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (S.M.); (F.K.C.)
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Fred K. Chen
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (S.M.); (F.K.C.)
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Vitroretinal Surgery, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Marcus D. Atlas
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (J.L.); (D.S.D.); (F.K.L.); (V.S.S.); (M.D.A.)
- Centre for Ear Sciences, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Elaine Y. M. Wong
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (J.L.); (D.S.D.); (F.K.L.); (V.S.S.); (M.D.A.)
- Centre for Ear Sciences, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
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Pan X, Huang P, Ali SS, Renslo B, Hutchinson TE, Erwin N, Greenberg Z, Ding Z, Li Y, Warnecke A, Fernandez NE, Staecker H, He M. CRISPR-Cas9 Engineered Extracellular Vesicles for the Treatment of Dominant Progressive Hearing Loss. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.14.557853. [PMID: 38168224 PMCID: PMC10760051 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.14.557853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Clinical translation of gene therapy has been challenging, due to limitations in current delivery vehicles such as traditional viral vectors. Herein, we report the use of gRNA:Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs) for in vivo gene therapy. By leveraging a novel high-throughput microfluidic droplet-based electroporation system (μDES), we achieved 10-fold enhancement of loading efficiency and more than 1000-fold increase in processing throughput on loading RNP complexes into EVs (RNP-EVs), compared with conventional bulk electroporation. The flow-through droplets serve as enormous bioreactors for offering millisecond pulsed, low-voltage electroporation in a continuous-flow and scalable manner, which minimizes the Joule heating influence and surface alteration to retain natural EV stability and integrity. In the Shaker-1 mouse model of dominant progressive hearing loss, we demonstrated the effective delivery of RNP-EVs into inner ear hair cells, with a clear reduction of Myo7ash1 mRNA expression compared to RNP-loaded lipid-like nanoparticles (RNP-LNPs), leading to significant hearing recovery measured by auditory brainstem responses (ABR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshu Pan
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Peixin Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
| | - Samantha S. Ali
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Bryan Renslo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
| | - Tarun E Hutchinson
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Nina Erwin
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Zachary Greenberg
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Zuo Ding
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Yanjun Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, United States
| | - Athanasia Warnecke
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Natalia E. Fernandez
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Hinrich Staecker
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
| | - Mei He
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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Hahn R, Avraham KB. Gene Therapy for Inherited Hearing Loss: Updates and Remaining Challenges. Audiol Res 2023; 13:952-966. [PMID: 38131808 PMCID: PMC10740825 DOI: 10.3390/audiolres13060083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss stands as the most prevalent sensory deficit among humans, posing a significant global health challenge. Projections indicate that by 2050, approximately 10% of the world's population will grapple with disabling hearing impairment. While approximately half of congenital hearing loss cases have a genetic etiology, traditional interventions such as hearing aids and cochlear implants do not completely restore normal hearing. The absence of biological treatment has prompted significant efforts in recent years, with a strong focus on gene therapy to address hereditary hearing loss. Although several studies have exhibited promising recovery from common forms of genetic deafness in mouse models, existing challenges must be overcome to make gene therapy applicable in the near future. Herein, we summarize the primary gene therapy strategies employed over past years, provide an overview of the recent achievements in preclinical studies for genetic hearing loss, and outline the current key obstacles to cochlear gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen B. Avraham
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
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16
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Guo Q, Yan Y, Zhang Z, Xu B, Bangash HL, Sui X, Yang Y, Zhou Z, Zhao S, Peng N. Developing the Limosilactobacillus reuteri Chassis through an Endogenous Programmable Endonuclease-Based Genome Editing Tool. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:3487-3496. [PMID: 37934952 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Using genetically tractable probiotics to engineer live biotherapeutic products (LBPs) for disease treatment is urgently needed. Limosilactobacillus reuteri is an important vertebrate gut symbiont, which has great potential for developing LBPs. However, in L. reuteri, synthetic biology work is largely limited by the long editing cycle. In this study, we identified a subtype II-A CRISPR-Cas9 system in L. reuteri 03 and found the endogenous Cas9 (LrCas9) recognizing a broad protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM) sequence (3'-NDR; N = A, G, T, C; D = A, G, T; R = A, G). We reprogrammed the LrCas9 for efficient gene deletion (95.46%), point mutation (86.36%), large fragment deletion (40 kb), and gene integration (1743 bp, 73.9%), which uncovered the function of the repeated conserved domains in mucus-binding protein. Moreover, we analyzed the distribution of endogenous endonucleases in 304 strains of L. reuteri and found the existence of programmable endonucleases in 98.36% of L. reuteri strains suggesting the potential to reprogram endogenous endonucleases for genetic manipulation in the majority of L. reuteri strains. In conclusion, this study highlights the development of a new probiotic chassis based on endogenous endonucleases in L. reuteri 03, which paves the way for the development of genome editing tools for functional genetic studies in other L. reuteri. We believe that the development of an endogenous endonuclease-based genetic tool will greatly facilitate the construction of LBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiujin Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Yiting Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Zhenting Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025 Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Boya Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Hina Lqbal Bangash
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Xin Sui
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Yalin Yang
- Sino-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Zhou
- Sino-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Shumiao Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Nan Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
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17
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Zhu W, Du W, Rameshbabu AP, Armstrong AM, Silver S, Kim Y, Wei W, Shu Y, Liu X, Lewis MA, Steel KP, Chen ZY. Targeted genome editing restores auditory function in adult mice with progressive hearing loss caused by a human microRNA mutation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.26.564008. [PMID: 37961137 PMCID: PMC10634841 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.26.564008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in microRNA-96 ( MIR96 ) cause dominant delayed onset hearing loss DFNA50 without treatment. Genome editing has shown efficacy in hearing recovery by intervention in neonatal mice, yet editing in the adult inner ear is necessary for clinical applications. Here, we developed an editing therapy for a C>A point mutation in the seed region of the Mir96 gene, Mir96 14C>A associated with hearing loss by screening gRNAs for genome editors and optimizing Cas9 and sgRNA scaffold for efficient and specific mutation editing in vitro. By AAV delivery in pre-symptomatic (3-week-old) and symptomatic (6-week-old) adult Mir96 14C>A mutant mice, hair cell on-target editing significantly improved hearing long-term, with an efficacy inversely correlated with injection age. We achieved transient Cas9 expression without the evidence of AAV genomic integration to significantly reduce the safety concerns associated with editing. We developed an AAV-sgmiR96-master system capable of targeting all known human MIR96 mutations. As mouse and human MIR96 sequences share 100% homology, our approach and sgRNA selection for efficient and specific hair cell editing for long-term hearing recovery lays the foundation for future treatment of DFNA50 caused by MIR96 mutations.
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18
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Delaney DS, Liew LJ, Lye J, Atlas MD, Wong EYM. Overcoming barriers: a review on innovations in drug delivery to the middle and inner ear. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1207141. [PMID: 37927600 PMCID: PMC10620978 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1207141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in the development of therapeutics for hearing loss, drug delivery to the middle and inner ear remains a challenge. As conventional oral or intravascular administration are ineffective due to poor bioavailability and impermeability of the blood-labyrinth-barrier, localized delivery is becoming a preferable approach for certain drugs. Even then, localized delivery to the ear precludes continual drug delivery due to the invasive and potentially traumatic procedures required to access the middle and inner ear. To address this, the preclinical development of controlled release therapeutics and drug delivery devices have greatly advanced, with some now showing promise clinically. This review will discuss the existing challenges in drug development for treating the most prevalent and damaging hearing disorders, in particular otitis media, perforation of the tympanic membrane, cholesteatoma and sensorineural hearing loss. We will then address novel developments in drug delivery that address these including novel controlled release therapeutics such as hydrogel and nanotechnology and finally, novel device delivery approaches such as microfluidic systems and cochlear prosthesis-mediated delivery. The aim of this review is to investigate how drugs can reach the middle and inner ear more efficiently and how recent innovations could be applied in aiding drug delivery in certain pathologic contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek S. Delaney
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Lawrence J. Liew
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Ear Sciences, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Joey Lye
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Marcus D. Atlas
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Ear Sciences, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Elaine Y. M. Wong
- Hearing Therapeutics, Ear Science Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Ear Sciences, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
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19
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Li L, Vasan L, Kartono B, Clifford K, Attarpour A, Sharma R, Mandrozos M, Kim A, Zhao W, Belotserkovsky A, Verkuyl C, Schmitt-Ulms G. Advances in Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2725. [PMID: 37893099 PMCID: PMC10603849 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors are gene therapy delivery tools that offer a promising platform for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Keeping up with developments in this fast-moving area of research is a challenge. This review was thus written with the intention to introduce this field of study to those who are new to it and direct others who are struggling to stay abreast of the literature towards notable recent studies. In ten sections, we briefly highlight early milestones within this field and its first clinical success stories. We showcase current clinical trials, which focus on gene replacement, gene augmentation, or gene suppression strategies. Next, we discuss ongoing efforts to improve the tropism of rAAV vectors for brain applications and introduce pre-clinical research directed toward harnessing rAAV vectors for gene editing applications. Subsequently, we present common genetic elements coded by the single-stranded DNA of rAAV vectors, their so-called payloads. Our focus is on recent advances that are bound to increase treatment efficacies. As needed, we included studies outside the neurodegenerative disease field that showcased improved pre-clinical designs of all-in-one rAAV vectors for gene editing applications. Finally, we discuss risks associated with off-target effects and inadvertent immunogenicity that these technologies harbor as well as the mitigation strategies available to date to make their application safer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyao Li
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, 6th Floor, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Lakshmy Vasan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 6th Floor, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Bryan Kartono
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, 6th Floor, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 6th Floor, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Kevan Clifford
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), 250 College St., Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Ahmadreza Attarpour
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College St., Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Raghav Sharma
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, 6th Floor, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 6th Floor, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Matthew Mandrozos
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 6th Floor, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ain Kim
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, 6th Floor, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 6th Floor, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Wenda Zhao
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, 6th Floor, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 6th Floor, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ari Belotserkovsky
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, 6th Floor, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 6th Floor, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Claire Verkuyl
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, 6th Floor, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 6th Floor, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Gerold Schmitt-Ulms
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, 6th Floor, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 6th Floor, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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20
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Petit C, Bonnet C, Safieddine S. Deafness: from genetic architecture to gene therapy. Nat Rev Genet 2023; 24:665-686. [PMID: 37173518 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-023-00597-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Progress in deciphering the genetic architecture of human sensorineural hearing impairment (SNHI) or loss, and multidisciplinary studies of mouse models, have led to the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying auditory system function, primarily in the cochlea, the mammalian hearing organ. These studies have provided unparalleled insights into the pathophysiological processes involved in SNHI, paving the way for the development of inner-ear gene therapy based on gene replacement, gene augmentation or gene editing. The application of these approaches in preclinical studies over the past decade has highlighted key translational opportunities and challenges for achieving effective, safe and sustained inner-ear gene therapy to prevent or cure monogenic forms of SNHI and associated balance disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Petit
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Institut de l'Audition, F-75012, Paris, France.
- Collège de France, F-75005, Paris, France.
| | - Crystel Bonnet
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Institut de l'Audition, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Saaïd Safieddine
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Institut de l'Audition, F-75012, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-75016, Paris, France
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21
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Du W, Ergin V, Loeb C, Huang M, Silver S, Armstrong AM, Huang Z, Gurumurthy CB, Staecker H, Liu X, Chen ZY. Rescue of auditory function by a single administration of AAV-TMPRSS3 gene therapy in aged mice of human recessive deafness DFNB8. Mol Ther 2023; 31:2796-2810. [PMID: 37244253 PMCID: PMC10491991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with mutations in the TMPRSS3 gene suffer from recessive deafness DFNB8/DFNB10. For these patients, cochlear implantation is the only treatment option. Poor cochlear implantation outcomes are seen in some patients. To develop biological treatment for TMPRSS3 patients, we generated a knockin mouse model with a frequent human DFNB8 TMPRSS3 mutation. The Tmprss3A306T/A306T homozygous mice display delayed onset progressive hearing loss similar to human DFNB8 patients. Using AAV2 as a vector to carry a human TMPRSS3 gene, AAV2-hTMPRSS3 injection in the adult knockin mouse inner ear results in TMPRSS3 expression in the hair cells and the spiral ganglion neurons. A single AAV2-hTMPRSS3 injection in Tmprss3A306T/A306T mice of an average age of 18.5 months leads to sustained rescue of the auditory function to a level similar to wild-type mice. AAV2-hTMPRSS3 delivery rescues the hair cells and the spiral ganglions neurons. This study demonstrates successful gene therapy in an aged mouse model of human genetic deafness. It lays the foundation to develop AAV2-hTMPRSS3 gene therapy to treat DFNB8 patients, as a standalone therapy or in combination with cochlear implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Du
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Volkan Ergin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Corena Loeb
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mingqian Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Stewart Silver
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ariel Miura Armstrong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Zaohua Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | | | - Hinrich Staecker
- Kansas University Center for Hearing and Balance Disorders, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Xuezhong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Zheng-Yi Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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22
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Martelletti E, Ingham NJ, Steel KP. Reversal of an existing hearing loss by gene activation in Spns2 mutant mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2307355120. [PMID: 37552762 PMCID: PMC10450448 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307355120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss is highly heterogeneous, but one common form involves a failure to maintain the local ionic environment of the sensory hair cells reflected in a reduced endocochlear potential. We used a genetic approach to ask whether this type of pathology can be reversed, using the Spns2tm1a mouse mutant known to show this defect. By activating Spns2 gene transcription at different ages after the onset of hearing loss, we found that an existing auditory impairment can be reversed to give close to normal thresholds for an auditory brainstem response (ABR), at least at low to mid stimulus frequencies. Delaying the activation of Spns2 led to less effective recovery of ABR thresholds, suggesting that there is a critical period for intervention. Early activation of Spns2 not only led to improvement in auditory function but also to protection of sensory hair cells from secondary degeneration. The genetic approach we have used to establish that this type of hearing loss is in principle reversible could be extended to many other diseases using available mouse resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Martelletti
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, LondonSE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Neil J. Ingham
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, LondonSE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Karen P. Steel
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, LondonSE1 1UL, United Kingdom
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23
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Yin G, Wang XH, Sun Y. Recent advances in CRISPR-Cas system for the treatment of genetic hearing loss. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF STEM CELLS 2023; 12:37-50. [PMID: 37736272 PMCID: PMC10509501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Genetic hearing loss has emerged as a significant public health concern that demands attention. Among the various treatment strategies, gene therapy based on gene editing technology is considered the most promising approach for addressing genetic hearing loss by repairing or eliminating mutated genes. The advent of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas system has revolutionized gene therapy through its remarkable gene editing capabilities. This system has been extensively employed in mammalian gene editing and is currently being evaluated through clinical trials. Against this backdrop, this review aims to provide an overview of recent advances in utilizing the CRISPR-Cas system to treat genetic hearing loss. Additionally, we delve into the primary challenges and prospects associated with the current application of this system in addressing genetic hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Yin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and RegenerationWuhan 430022, Hubei, China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022, Hubei, China
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24
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Tao Y, Lamas V, Du W, Zhu W, Li Y, Whittaker MN, Zuris JA, Thompson DB, Rameshbabu AP, Shu Y, Gao X, Hu JH, Pei C, Kong WJ, Liu X, Wu H, Kleinstiver BP, Liu DR, Chen ZY. Treatment of monogenic and digenic dominant genetic hearing loss by CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein delivery in vivo. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4928. [PMID: 37582836 PMCID: PMC10427623 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40476-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in Atp2b2, an outer hair cell gene, cause dominant hearing loss in humans. Using a mouse model Atp2b2Obl/+, with a dominant hearing loss mutation (Oblivion), we show that liposome-mediated in vivo delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes leads to specific editing of the Obl allele. Large deletions encompassing the Obl locus and indels were identified as the result of editing. In vivo genome editing promotes outer hair cell survival and restores their function, leading to hearing recovery. We further show that in a double-dominant mutant mouse model, in which the Tmc1 Beethoven mutation and the Atp2b2 Oblivion mutation cause digenic genetic hearing loss, Cas9/sgRNA delivery targeting both mutations leads to partial hearing recovery. These findings suggest that liposome-RNP delivery can be used as a strategy to recover hearing with dominant mutations in OHC genes and with digenic mutations in the auditory hair cells, potentially expanding therapeutics of gene editing to treat hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Veronica Lamas
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Wan Du
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Wenliang Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yiran Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Harbor, MI, USA
| | - Madelynn N Whittaker
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - John A Zuris
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David B Thompson
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Arun Prabhu Rameshbabu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yilai Shu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Johnny H Hu
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Charles Pei
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Wei-Jia Kong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuezhong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Benjamin P Kleinstiver
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - David R Liu
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Zheng-Yi Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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25
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Wu J, Tao Y, Deng D, Meng Z, Zhao Y. The applications of CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing in genetic hearing loss. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:93. [PMID: 37210555 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01021-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss (HL) can be caused by a number of different genetic factors. Non-syndromic HL refers that HL occurs as an isolated symptom in an individual, whereas syndromic HL refers that HL is associated with other symptoms or abnormalities. To date, more than 140 genes have been identified as being associated with non-syndromic HL, and approximately 400 genetic syndromes can include HL as one of the clinical symptoms. However, no gene therapeutic approaches are currently available to restore or improve hearing. Therefore, there is an urgent necessity to elucidate the possible pathogenesis of specific mutations in HL-associated genes and to investigate the promising therapeutic strategies for genetic HL. The development of the CRISPR/Cas system has revolutionized the field of genome engineering, which has become an efficacious and cost-effective tool to foster genetic HL research. Moreover, several in vivo studies have demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of the CRISPR/Cas-mediated treatments for specific genetic HL. In this review, we briefly introduce the progress in CRISPR/Cas technique as well as the understanding of genetic HL, and then we detail the recent achievements of CRISPR/Cas technique in disease modeling and therapeutic strategies for genetic HL. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges for the application of CRISPR/Cas technique in future clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Tao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Di Deng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhaoli Meng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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26
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Seo SY, Min S, Lee S, Seo JH, Park J, Kim HK, Song M, Baek D, Cho SR, Kim HH. Massively parallel evaluation and computational prediction of the activities and specificities of 17 small Cas9s. Nat Methods 2023:10.1038/s41592-023-01875-2. [PMID: 37188955 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-01875-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Recently, various small Cas9 orthologs and variants have been reported for use in in vivo delivery applications. Although small Cas9s are particularly suited for this purpose, selecting the most optimal small Cas9 for use at a specific target sequence continues to be challenging. Here, to this end, we have systematically compared the activities of 17 small Cas9s for thousands of target sequences. For each small Cas9, we have characterized the protospacer adjacent motif and determined optimal single guide RNA expression formats and scaffold sequence. High-throughput comparative analyses revealed distinct high- and low-activity groups of small Cas9s. We also developed DeepSmallCas9, a set of computational models predicting the activities of the small Cas9s at matched and mismatched target sequences. Together, this analysis and these computational models provide a useful guide for researchers to select the most suitable small Cas9 for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yeon Seo
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sungtae Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwa Seo
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinman Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui Kwon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungjae Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dawoon Baek
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Rae Cho
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyongbum Henry Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Jiang L, Wang D, He Y, Shu Y. Advances in gene therapy hold promise for treating hereditary hearing loss. Mol Ther 2023; 31:934-950. [PMID: 36755494 PMCID: PMC10124073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy focuses on genetic modification to produce therapeutic effects or treat diseases by repairing or reconstructing genetic material, thus being expected to be the most promising therapeutic strategy for genetic disorders. Due to the growing attention to hearing impairment, an increasing amount of research is attempting to utilize gene therapy for hereditary hearing loss (HHL), an important monogenic disease and the most common type of congenital deafness. Several gene therapy clinical trials for HHL have recently been approved, and, additionally, CRISPR-Cas tools have been attempted for HHL treatment. Therefore, in order to further advance the development of inner ear gene therapy and promote its broad application in other forms of genetic disease, it is imperative to review the progress of gene therapy for HHL. Herein, we address three main gene therapy strategies (gene replacement, gene suppression, and gene editing), summarizing the strategy that is most appropriate for particular monogenic diseases based on different pathogenic mechanisms, and then focusing on their successful applications for HHL in preclinical trials. Finally, we elaborate on the challenges and outlooks of gene therapy for HHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoying Jiang
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Daqi Wang
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yingzi He
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Yilai Shu
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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28
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Buswinka CJ, Osgood RT, Simikyan RG, Rosenberg DB, Indzhykulian AA. The hair cell analysis toolbox is a precise and fully automated pipeline for whole cochlea hair cell quantification. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002041. [PMID: 36947567 PMCID: PMC10069775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Our sense of hearing is mediated by sensory hair cells, precisely arranged and highly specialized cells subdivided into outer hair cells (OHCs) and inner hair cells (IHCs). Light microscopy tools allow for imaging of auditory hair cells along the full length of the cochlea, often yielding more data than feasible to manually analyze. Currently, there are no widely applicable tools for fast, unsupervised, unbiased, and comprehensive image analysis of auditory hair cells that work well either with imaging datasets containing an entire cochlea or smaller sampled regions. Here, we present a highly accurate machine learning-based hair cell analysis toolbox (HCAT) for the comprehensive analysis of whole cochleae (or smaller regions of interest) across light microscopy imaging modalities and species. The HCAT is a software that automates common image analysis tasks such as counting hair cells, classifying them by subtype (IHCs versus OHCs), determining their best frequency based on their location along the cochlea, and generating cochleograms. These automated tools remove a considerable barrier in cochlear image analysis, allowing for faster, unbiased, and more comprehensive data analysis practices. Furthermore, HCAT can serve as a template for deep learning-based detection tasks in other types of biological tissue: With some training data, HCAT's core codebase can be trained to develop a custom deep learning detection model for any object on an image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Buswinka
- Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Richard T Osgood
- Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rubina G Simikyan
- Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David B Rosenberg
- Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Artur A Indzhykulian
- Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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29
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Simpson BP, Yrigollen CM, Izda A, Davidson BL. Targeted long-read sequencing captures CRISPR editing and AAV integration outcomes in brain. Mol Ther 2023; 31:760-773. [PMID: 36617193 PMCID: PMC10014281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 gene editing is an emerging therapeutic modality that shows promise in Huntington's disease and spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) mouse models. However, advancing CRISPR-based therapies requires methods to fully define in vivo editing outcomes. Here, we use polymerase-free, targeted long-read nanopore sequencing and evaluate single- and dual-gRNA AAV-CRISPR editing of human ATXN2 in transgenic mouse models of SCA type 2 (SCA2). Unbiased high sequencing coverage showed 10%-25% editing. Along with intended edits there was AAV integration, 1%-2% of which contained the entire AAV genome and were largely unmethylated. More than 150 kb deletions at target loci and rearrangements of the transgenic allele (1%) were also found. In contrast, PCR-based nanopore sequencing showed bias for partial AAV fragments and inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) and failed to detect full-length AAV. Cumulatively this work defines the spectrum of outcomes of CRISPR editing in mouse brain after AAV gene transfer using an unbiased long-read sequencing approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan P Simpson
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Biomedical Graduate Studies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carolyn M Yrigollen
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aleksandar Izda
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Beverly L Davidson
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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30
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Iwasa Y, Klimara MJ, Yoshimura H, Walls WD, Omichi R, West CA, Shibata SB, Ranum PT, Smith RJ. Mutation-agnostic RNA interference with engineered replacement rescues Tmc1-related hearing loss. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:6/3/e202201592. [PMID: 36574989 PMCID: PMC9795038 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss is the most common sensory deficit, of which genetic etiologies are a frequent cause. Dominant and recessive mutations in TMC1, a gene encoding the pore-forming subunit of the hair cell mechanotransduction channel, cause DFNA36 and DFNB7/11, respectively, accounting for ∼2% of genetic hearing loss. Previous work has established the efficacy of mutation-targeted RNAi in treatment of murine models of autosomal dominant non-syndromic deafness. However, application of such approaches is limited by the infeasibility of development and validation of novel constructs for each variant. We developed an allele-non-specific approach consisting of mutation-agnostic RNAi suppression of both mutant and WT alleles, co-delivered with a knockdown-resistant engineered WT allele with or without the use of woodchuck hepatitis virus post-transcriptional regulatory element (WPRE) to augment transgene expression. This therapeutic construct was delivered into the mature murine model of DFNA36 with an AAV vector and achieved robust hair cell and auditory brainstem response preservation. However, WPRE-enhanced Tmc1 expression resulted in inferior outcomes, suggesting a role for gene dosage optimization in future TMC1 gene therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Iwasa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Miles J Klimara
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Hidekane Yoshimura
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - William D Walls
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ryotaro Omichi
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Cody A West
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Seiji B Shibata
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul T Ranum
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard Jh Smith
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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31
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Du W, Ergin V, Loeb C, Huang M, Silver S, Armstrong AM, Huang Z, Gurumurthy CB, Staecker H, Liu X, Chen ZY. Rescue of Auditory Function by a Single Administration of AAV- TMPRSS3 Gene Therapy in Aged Mice of Human Recessive Deafness DFNB8. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.25.530035. [PMID: 36865298 PMCID: PMC9980176 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.25.530035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Patients with mutations in the TMPRSS3 gene suffer from recessive deafness DFNB8/DFNB10 for whom cochlear implantation is the only treatment option. Poor cochlear implantation outcomes are seen in some patients. To develop biological treatment for TMPRSS3 patients, we generated a knock-in mouse model with a frequent human DFNB8 TMPRSS3 mutation. The Tmprss3 A306T/A306T homozygous mice display delayed onset progressive hearing loss similar to human DFNB8 patients. Using AAV2 as a vector to carry a human TMPRSS3 gene, AAV2-h TMPRSS3 injection in the adult knock-in mouse inner ears results in TMPRSS3 expression in the hair cells and the spiral ganglion neurons. A single AAV2-h TMPRSS3 injection in aged Tmprss3 A306T/A306T mice leads to sustained rescue of the auditory function, to a level similar to the wildtype mice. AAV2-h TMPRSS3 delivery rescues the hair cells and the spiral ganglions. This is the first study to demonstrate successful gene therapy in an aged mouse model of human genetic deafness. This study lays the foundation to develop AAV2-h TMPRSS3 gene therapy to treat DFNB8 patients, as a standalone therapy or in combination with cochlear implantation.
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32
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Phan HTL, Kim K, Lee H, Seong JK. Progress in and Prospects of Genome Editing Tools for Human Disease Model Development and Therapeutic Applications. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:483. [PMID: 36833410 PMCID: PMC9957140 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmable nucleases, such as zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas, are widely accepted because of their diversity and enormous potential for targeted genomic modifications in eukaryotes and other animals. Moreover, rapid advances in genome editing tools have accelerated the ability to produce various genetically modified animal models for studying human diseases. Given the advances in gene editing tools, these animal models are gradually evolving toward mimicking human diseases through the introduction of human pathogenic mutations in their genome rather than the conventional gene knockout. In the present review, we summarize the current progress in and discuss the prospects for developing mouse models of human diseases and their therapeutic applications based on advances in the study of programmable nucleases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Thi Lam Phan
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungmi Kim
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioinformatics, Program for Cancer Biology, BIO-MAX/N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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33
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Towards the Clinical Application of Gene Therapy for Genetic Inner Ear Diseases. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12031046. [PMID: 36769694 PMCID: PMC9918244 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12031046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss, the most common human sensory defect worldwide, is a major public health problem. About 70% of congenital forms and 25% of adult-onset forms of deafness are of genetic origin. In total, 136 deafness genes have already been identified and there are thought to be several hundred more awaiting identification. However, there is currently no cure for sensorineural deafness. In recent years, translational research studies have shown gene therapy to be effective against inherited inner ear diseases, and the application of this technology to humans is now within reach. We provide here a comprehensive and practical overview of current advances in gene therapy for inherited deafness, with and without an associated vestibular defect. We focus on the different gene therapy approaches, considering their prospects, including the viral vector used, and the delivery route. We also discuss the clinical application of the various strategies, their strengths, weaknesses, and the challenges to be overcome.
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34
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Wang J, Zheng J, Wang H, He H, Li S, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Xu X, Wang S. Gene therapy: an emerging therapy for hair cells regeneration in the cochlea. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1177791. [PMID: 37207182 PMCID: PMC10188948 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1177791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss is typically caused by damage to the cochlear hair cells (HCs) due to external stimuli or because of one's genetic factors and the inability to convert sound mechanical energy into nerve impulses. Adult mammalian cochlear HCs cannot regenerate spontaneously; therefore, this type of deafness is usually considered irreversible. Studies on the developmental mechanisms of HC differentiation have revealed that nonsensory cells in the cochlea acquire the ability to differentiate into HCs after the overexpression of specific genes, such as Atoh1, which makes HC regeneration possible. Gene therapy, through in vitro selection and editing of target genes, transforms exogenous gene fragments into target cells and alters the expression of genes in target cells to activate the corresponding differentiation developmental program in target cells. This review summarizes the genes that have been associated with the growth and development of cochlear HCs in recent years and provides an overview of gene therapy approaches in the field of HC regeneration. It concludes with a discussion of the limitations of the current therapeutic approaches to facilitate the early implementation of this therapy in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jipeng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianwei Zheng
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haoying He
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - You Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: You Wang,
| | - Xiaoxiang Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Xiaoxiang Xu,
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Shuyi Wang,
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35
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Zhao Y, Zhang L, Wang D, Chen B, Shu Y. Approaches and Vectors for Efficient Cochlear Gene Transfer in Adult Mouse Models. Biomolecules 2022; 13:biom13010038. [PMID: 36671423 PMCID: PMC9855574 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inner ear gene therapy using adeno-associated viral vectors (AAVs) in neonatal mice can alleviate hearing loss in mouse models of deafness. However, efficient and safe transgene delivery to the adult mouse cochlea is critical for the effectiveness of AAV-mediated therapy. Here, we examined three gene delivery approaches including posterior semicircular canal (PSCC) canalostomy, round window membrane (RWM) injection, and tubing-RWM+PSCC (t-RP) in adult mice. Transduction rates and survival rates of cochlear hair cells were analyzed, hearing function was recorded, AAV distribution in the sagittal brain sections was evaluated, and cochlear histopathologic images were appraised. We found that an injection volume of 1 μL AAV through the PSCC is safe and highly efficient and does not impair hearing function in adult mice, but local injection allows AAV vectors to spread slightly into the brain. We then tested five AAV serotypes (PHP.eB, IE, Anc80L65, AAV2, and PHP.s) in parallel and observed the most robust eGFP expression in inner hair cells, outer hair cells, and spiral ganglion neurons throughout the cochlea after AAV-Anc80L65 injection. Thus, PSCC-injected Anc80L65 provides a foundation for gene therapy in the adult cochlea and will facilitate the development of inner ear gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Longlong Zhang
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Daqi Wang
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Bing Chen
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yilai Shu
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (Y.S.)
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Robillard KN, de Vrieze E, van Wijk E, Lentz JJ. Altering gene expression using antisense oligonucleotide therapy for hearing loss. Hear Res 2022; 426:108523. [PMID: 35649738 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2022.108523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hearing loss affects more than 430 million people, worldwide, and is the third most common chronic physical condition in the United States and Europe (GBD Hearing Loss Collaborators, 2021; NIOSH, 2021; WHO, 2021). The loss of hearing significantly impacts motor and cognitive development, communication, education, employment, and overall quality of life. The inner ear houses the sensory organs for both hearing and balance and provides an accessible target for therapeutic delivery. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) use various mechanisms to manipulate gene expression and can be tailor-made to treat disorders with defined genetic targets. In this review, we discuss the preclinical advancements within the field of the highly promising ASO-based therapies for hereditary hearing loss disorders. Particular focus is on ASO mechanisms of action, preclinical studies on ASO treatments of hearing loss, timing of therapeutic intervention, and delivery routes to the inner ear.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik de Vrieze
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, RUMC, Geert Grooteplein 10, Route 855, GA, Nijmegen 6525, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, RUMC, Nijmegen, NL
| | - Erwin van Wijk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, RUMC, Geert Grooteplein 10, Route 855, GA, Nijmegen 6525, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, RUMC, Nijmegen, NL.
| | - Jennifer J Lentz
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, LSUHSC, 2020 Gravier Street, Lions Building, Room 795, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Huang K, Zapata D, Tang Y, Teng Y, Li Y. In vivo delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing components for therapeutic applications. Biomaterials 2022; 291:121876. [PMID: 36334354 PMCID: PMC10018374 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Since its mechanism discovery in 2012 and the first application for mammalian genome editing in 2013, CRISPR-Cas9 has revolutionized the genome engineering field and created countless opportunities in both basic science and translational medicine. The first clinical trial of CRISPR therapeutics was initiated in 2016, which employed ex vivo CRISPR-Cas9 edited PD-1 knockout T cells for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. So far there have been dozens of clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov in regard to using the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing as the main intervention for therapeutic applications; however, most of these studies use ex vivo genome editing approach, and only a few apply the in vivo editing strategy. Compared to ex vivo editing, in vivo genome editing bypasses tedious procedures related to cell isolation, maintenance, selection, and transplantation. It is also applicable to a wide range of diseases and disorders. The main obstacles to the successful translation of in vivo therapeutic genome editing include the lack of safe and efficient delivery system and safety concerns resulting from the off-target effects. In this review, we highlight the therapeutic applications of in vivo genome editing mediated by the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Following a brief introduction of the history, biology, and functionality of CRISPR-Cas9, we showcase a series of exemplary studies in regard to the design and implementation of in vivo genome editing systems that target the brain, inner ear, eye, heart, liver, lung, muscle, skin, immune system, and tumor. Current challenges and opportunities in the field of CRISPR-enabled therapeutic in vivo genome editing are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Daniel Zapata
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Yan Tang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Yamin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
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Connolly K, Gonzalez-Cordero A. Modelling inner ear development and disease using pluripotent stem cells - a pathway to new therapeutic strategies. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049593. [PMID: 36331565 PMCID: PMC10621662 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The sensory epithelia of the mammalian inner ear enable sound and movement to be perceived. Damage to these epithelia can cause irreversible sensorineural hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction because they lack regenerative capacity. The human inner ear cannot be biopsied without causing permanent damage, significantly limiting the tissue samples available for research. Investigating disease pathology and therapeutic developments have therefore traditionally relied on animal models, which often cannot completely recapitulate the human otic systems. These challenges are now being partly addressed using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cultures, which generate the sensory epithelial-like tissues of the inner ear. Here, we review how pluripotent stem cells have been used to produce two-dimensional and three-dimensional otic cultures, the strengths and limitations of these new approaches, and how they have been employed to investigate genetic and acquired forms of audiovestibular dysfunction. This Review provides an overview of the progress in pluripotent stem cell-derived otic cultures thus far, focusing on their applications in disease modelling and therapeutic trials. We survey their current limitations and future directions, highlighting their prospective utility for high-throughput drug screening and developing personalised medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keeva Connolly
- Stem Cell Medicine Group, Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, 2145 NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, 2145 NSW, Australia
| | - Anai Gonzalez-Cordero
- Stem Cell Medicine Group, Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, 2145 NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, 2145 NSW, Australia
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, a Stepping Stone to In Vitro Human Models of Hearing Loss. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203331. [PMID: 36291196 PMCID: PMC9600035 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss is the most prevalent sensorineural impairment in humans. Yet despite very active research, no effective therapy other than the cochlear implant has reached the clinic. Main reasons for this failure are the multifactorial nature of the disorder, its heterogeneity, and a late onset that hinders the identification of etiological factors. Another problem is the lack of human samples such that practically all the work has been conducted on animals. Although highly valuable data have been obtained from such models, there is the risk that inter-species differences exist that may compromise the relevance of the gathered data. Human-based models are therefore direly needed. The irruption of human induced pluripotent stem cell technologies in the field of hearing research offers the possibility to generate an array of otic cell models of human origin; these may enable the identification of guiding signalling cues during inner ear development and of the mechanisms that lead from genetic alterations to pathology. These models will also be extremely valuable when conducting ototoxicity analyses and when exploring new avenues towards regeneration in the inner ear. This review summarises some of the work that has already been conducted with these cells and contemplates future possibilities.
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Ma X, Guo J, Fu Y, Shen C, Jiang P, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Yu Y, Fan J, Chai R. G protein-coupled receptors in cochlea: Potential therapeutic targets for hearing loss. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1028125. [PMID: 36311029 PMCID: PMC9596917 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1028125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of hearing loss-related diseases caused by different factors is increasing worldwide year by year. Currently, however, the patient’s hearing loss has not been effectively improved. Therefore, there is an urgent need to adopt new treatment measures and treatment techniques to help improve the therapeutic effect of hearing loss. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), as crucial cell surface receptors, can widely participate in different physiological and pathological processes, particularly play an essential role in many disease occurrences and be served as promising therapeutic targets. However, no specific drugs on the market have been found to target the GPCRs of the cochlea. Interestingly, many recent studies have demonstrated that GPCRs can participate in various pathogenic process related to hearing loss in the cochlea including heredity, noise, ototoxic drugs, cochlear structure, and so on. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the functions of 53 GPCRs known in the cochlea and their relationships with hearing loss, and highlight the recent advances of new techniques used in cochlear study including cryo-EM, AI, GPCR drug screening, gene therapy vectors, and CRISPR editing technology, as well as discuss in depth the future direction of novel GPCR-based drug development and gene therapy for cochlear hearing loss. Collectively, this review is to facilitate basic and (pre-) clinical research in this area, and provide beneficial help for emerging GPCR-based cochlear therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiamin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaoyang Fu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cangsong Shen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yafeng Yu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, China
- *Correspondence: Yafeng Yu,
| | - Jiangang Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Jiangang Fan,
| | - Renjie Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Renjie Chai,
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Wu F, Sambamurti K, Sha S. Current Advances in Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated Gene Therapy to Prevent Acquired Hearing Loss. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2022; 23:569-578. [PMID: 36002664 PMCID: PMC9613825 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-022-00866-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are viral vectors that offer an excellent platform for gene therapy due to their safety profile, persistent gene expression in non-dividing cells, target cell specificity, lack of pathogenicity, and low immunogenicity. Recently, gene therapy for genetic hearing loss with AAV transduction has shown promise in animal models. However, AAV transduction for gene silencing or expression to prevent or manage acquired hearing loss is limited. This review provides an overview of AAV as a leading gene delivery vector for treating genetic hearing loss in animal models. We highlight the advantages and shortcomings of AAV for investigating the mechanisms and preventing acquired hearing loss. We predict that AAV-mediated gene manipulation will be able to prevent acquired hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Walton Research Building, Room 403-E, 39 Sabin Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kumar Sambamurti
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Suhua Sha
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Walton Research Building, Room 403-E, 39 Sabin Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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Cui C, Wang D, Huang B, Wang F, Chen Y, Lv J, Zhang L, Han L, Liu D, Chen ZY, Li GL, Li H, Shu Y. Precise detection of CRISPR-Cas9 editing in hair cells in the treatment of autosomal dominant hearing loss. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 29:400-412. [PMID: 36035752 PMCID: PMC9386031 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy would benefit from the effective editing of targeted cells with CRISPR-Cas9 tools. However, it is difficult to precisely assess the editing performance in vivo because the tissues contain many non-targeted cells, which is one of the major barriers to clinical translation. Here, in the Atoh1-GFP;Kcnq4 +/G229D mice, recapitulating a novel mutation we identified in a hereditary hearing loss pedigree, the high-efficiency editing of CRISPR-Cas9 in hair cells (34.10% on average) was precisely detected by sorting out labeled cells compared with only 1.45% efficiency in the whole cochlear tissue. After injection of the developed AAV_SaCas9-KKH_sgRNA agents, the Kcnq4 +/G229D mice showed significantly lower auditory brainstem response (ABR) and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) thresholds, shorter ABR wave I latencies, higher ABR wave I amplitudes, increased number of surviving outer hair cells (OHCs), and more hyperpolarized resting membrane potentials of OHCs. These findings provide an innovative approach to accurately assess the underestimated editing efficiency of CRISPR-Cas9 in vivo and offer a promising strategy for the treatment of KCNQ4-related deafness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Cui
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Daqi Wang
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Bowei Huang
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Fang Wang
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jun Lv
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Luping Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong 226006, China
| | - Lei Han
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Dong Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Zheng-Yi Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Geng-Lin Li
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Huawei Li
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yilai Shu
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Corresponding author Yilai Shu, ENT institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
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Genetic insights, disease mechanisms, and biological therapeutics for Waardenburg syndrome. Gene Ther 2022; 29:479-497. [PMID: 33633356 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-021-00240-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Waardenburg syndrome (WS), also known as auditory-pigmentary syndrome, is the most common cause of syndromic hearing loss (HL), which accounts for approximately 2-5% of all patients with congenital hearing loss. WS is classified into four subtypes depending on the clinical phenotypes. Currently, pathogenic mutations of PAX3, MITF, SOX10, EDN3, EDNRB or SNAI2 are associated with different subtypes of WS. Although supportive techniques like hearing aids, cochlear implants, or other assistive listening devices can alleviate the HL symptom, there is no cure for WS to date. Recently major progress has been achieved in preclinical studies of genetic HL in animal models, including gene delivery and stem cell replacement therapies. This review focuses on the current understandings of pathogenic mechanisms and potential biological therapeutic approaches for HL in WS, providing strategies and directions for implementing WS biological therapies, as well as possible problems to be faced, in the future.
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Qi J, Fu X, Zhang L, Tan F, Li N, Sun Q, Hu X, He Z, Xia M, Chai R. Current AAV-mediated gene therapy in sensorineural hearing loss. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Abstract
Current estimates suggest that nearly half a billion people worldwide are affected by hearing loss. Because of the major psychological, social, economic, and health ramifications, considerable efforts have been invested in identifying the genes and molecular pathways involved in hearing loss, whether genetic or environmental, to promote prevention, improve rehabilitation, and develop therapeutics. Genomic sequencing technologies have led to the discovery of genes associated with hearing loss. Studies of the transcriptome and epigenome of the inner ear have characterized key regulators and pathways involved in the development of the inner ear and have paved the way for their use in regenerative medicine. In parallel, the immense preclinical success of using viral vectors for gene delivery in animal models of hearing loss has motivated the industry to work on translating such approaches into the clinic. Here, we review the recent advances in the genomics of auditory function and dysfunction, from patient diagnostics to epigenetics and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahar Taiber
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; ,
| | - Kathleen Gwilliam
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; ,
| | - Ronna Hertzano
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; ,
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Karen B Avraham
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; ,
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Bchetnia M, Dionne Gagné R, Powell J, Morin C, McCuaig C, Dupérée A, Germain L, Tremblay JP, Laprise C. Allele-Specific Inactivation of an Autosomal Dominant Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex Mutation Using CRISPR-Cas9. CRISPR J 2022; 5:586-597. [PMID: 35862015 DOI: 10.1089/crispr.2021.0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is a rare mechanobullous disease caused by dominant-negative mutations in either keratin 5 (KRT5) or keratin 14 (KRT14) genes. Until now, there is no cure for EBS and the care is primarily palliative. The discovery of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas9 system raised hope for the treatment of EBS and many other autosomal dominant diseases by mutant allele-specific gene disruption. In this study, we aim to disrupt the mutant allele for the heterozygous EBS pathogenic variation c.449T>C (p.Leu150Pro) within KRT5. This mutation generates, naturally, a novel protospacer-adjacent motif for the endonuclease Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9. Thus, we designed a single-guide RNA that guides the Cas9 to introduce a DNA cleavage of the mutant allele in patient's keratinocytes. Then, transfected cells were single-cell cloned and analyzed by deep sequencing. The expression of KRT5 and KRT14 was quantified, and the keratin intermediate filament stability was assessed. Results showed successful stringent mutant allele-specific knockout. An absence of synthesis of mutant transcript was further confirmed indicating permanent mutant allele-specific inactivation. Edited EBS patient keratinocytes produced a lower amount of K5 and K14 proteins compared with nonedited EBS cells, and no disturbance of cellular properties was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mbarka Bchetnia
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), Saguenay, Canada.,Centre intersectoriel en santé durable (CISD), Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), Saguenay, Canada
| | - Rebecca Dionne Gagné
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), Saguenay, Canada
| | - Julie Powell
- Service de Dermatologie, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Canada
| | - Charles Morin
- Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, Hôpital Universitaire de Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Canada
| | | | - Audrey Dupérée
- Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, Hôpital Universitaire de Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Canada
| | - Lucie Germain
- Département de chirurgie, Faculté de médecine, Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Catherine Laprise
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), Saguenay, Canada.,Centre intersectoriel en santé durable (CISD), Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), Saguenay, Canada
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48
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Xiao Q, Xu Z, Xue Y, Xu C, Han L, Liu Y, Wang F, Zhang R, Han S, Wang X, Li GL, Li H, Yang H, Shu Y. Rescue of autosomal dominant hearing loss by in vivo delivery of mini dCas13X-derived RNA base editor. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabn0449. [PMID: 35857824 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn0449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Programmable RNA editing tools enable the reversible correction of mutant transcripts, reducing the potential risk associated with permanent genetic changes associated with the use of DNA editing tools. However, the potential of these RNA tools to treat disease remains unknown. Here, we evaluated RNA correction therapy with Cas13-based RNA base editors in the myosin VI p.C442Y heterozygous mutation (Myo6C442Y/+) mouse model that recapitulated the phenotypes of human dominant-inherited deafness. We first screened several variants of Cas13-based RNA base editors and guide RNAs (gRNAs) targeting Myo6C442Y in cultured cells and found that mini dCas13X.1-based adenosine base editor (mxABE), composed of truncated Cas13X.1 and the RNA editing enzyme adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 2 deaminase domain variant (ADAR2ddE488Q), exhibited both high efficiency of A > G conversion and low frequency of off-target edits. Single adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated delivery of mxABE in the cochlea corrected the mutated Myo6C442Y to Myo6WT allele in homozygous Myo6C442Y/C442Y mice and resulted in increased Myo6WT allele in the injected cochlea of Myo6C442Y/+ mice. The treatment rescued auditory function, including auditory brainstem response and distortion product otoacoustic emission up to 3 months after AAV-mxABE-Myo6 injection in Myo6C442Y/+ mice. We also observed increased survival rate of hair cells and decreased degeneration of hair bundle morphology in the treated compared to untreated control ears. These findings provide a proof-of-concept study for RNA editing tools as a therapeutic treatment for various semidominant forms of hearing loss and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingquan Xiao
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhijiao Xu
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xue
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chunlong Xu
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lei Han
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yuanhua Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Fang Wang
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Runze Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuang Han
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Huigene Therapeutics Inc., Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Geng-Lin Li
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huawei Li
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yilai Shu
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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49
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Wolf BJ, Kusch K, Hunniford V, Vona B, Kühler R, Keppeler D, Strenzke N, Moser T. Is there an unmet medical need for improved hearing restoration? EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e15798. [PMID: 35833443 PMCID: PMC9358394 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202215798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing impairment, the most prevalent sensory deficit, affects more than 466 million people worldwide (WHO). We presently lack causative treatment for the most common form, sensorineural hearing impairment; hearing aids and cochlear implants (CI) remain the only means of hearing restoration. We engaged with CI users to learn about their expectations and their willingness to collaborate with health care professionals on establishing novel therapies. We summarize upcoming CI innovations, gene therapies, and regenerative approaches and evaluate the chances for clinical translation of these novel strategies. We conclude that there remains an unmet medical need for improving hearing restoration and that we are likely to witness the clinical translation of gene therapy and major CI innovations within this decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Julia Wolf
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Auditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany.,Auditory Neuroscience & Synaptic Nanophysiology Group, Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Kusch
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Functional Auditory Genomics Group, Auditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Victoria Hunniford
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Sensory and Motor Neuroscience PhD Program, Göttingen Graduate Center for Neurosciences, Biophysics, and Molecular Biosciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Barbara Vona
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robert Kühler
- Department of Otolaryngology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Keppeler
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Auditory Neuroscience & Synaptic Nanophysiology Group, Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nicola Strenzke
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Otolaryngology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Collaborative Research Center 889, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Moser
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Auditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany.,Auditory Neuroscience & Synaptic Nanophysiology Group, Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Collaborative Research Center 889, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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50
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Liu L, Zou L, Li K, Hou H, Hu Q, Liu S, Li J, Song C, Chen J, Wang S, Wang Y, Li C, Du H, Li JL, Chen F, Xu Z, Sun W, Sun Q, Xiong W. Template-independent genome editing in the Pcdh15 av-3j mouse, a model of human DFNB23 nonsyndromic deafness. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111061. [PMID: 35830793 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although frameshift mutations lead to 22% of inherited Mendelian disorders in humans, there is no efficient in vivo gene therapy strategy available to date, particularly in nondividing cells. Here, we show that nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ)-mediated nonrandom editing profiles compensate the frameshift mutation in the Pcdh15 gene and restore the lost mechanotransduction function in postmitotic hair cells of Pcdh15av-3J mice, an animal model of human nonsyndromic deafness DFNB23. Identified by an ex vivo evaluation system in cultured cochlear explants, the selected guide RNA restores reading frame in approximately 50% of indel products and recovers mechanotransduction in more than 70% of targeted hair cells. In vivo treatment shows that half of the animals gain improvements in auditory responses, and balance function is restored in the majority of injected mutant mice. These results demonstrate that NHEJ-mediated reading-frame restoration is a simple and efficient strategy in postmitotic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua University, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Linzhi Zou
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua University, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kuan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hanqing Hou
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua University, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qun Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua University, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua University, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua University, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chenmeng Song
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua University, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiaofeng Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua University, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shufeng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua University, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yangzhen Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua University, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Changri Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Haibo Du
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Jun-Liszt Li
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies (AAIS), Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fangyi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Wenzhi Sun
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Qianwen Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua University, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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