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Bockarie MJ, Ansumana R, Machingaidze SG, de Souza DK, Fatoma P, Zumla A, Lee SS. Transformative potential of artificial intelligence on health care and research in Africa. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 143:107011. [PMID: 38490638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Moses J Bockarie
- College of Medical Sciences, Njala University, Bo, Sierra Leone; International Society for Infectious Diseases, Brookline, MA, USA.
| | - Rashid Ansumana
- College of Medical Sciences, Njala University, Bo, Sierra Leone; School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Dziedzom K de Souza
- Department of Parasitology and Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Patrick Fatoma
- College of Medical Sciences, Njala University, Bo, Sierra Leone
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Department of Infection, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Shui-Shan Lee
- International Society for Infectious Diseases, Brookline, MA, USA; S.H. Ho Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Wang N, Sun X, Zhang J, Chen Y, Zhang J, Huang F, Chen A. An instrument-free, integrated micro-platform for rapid and multiplexed detection of dairy adulteration in resource-limited environments. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 257:116325. [PMID: 38669843 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In dairy industry, expensive yak's milk, camel's milk, and other specialty dairy products are often adulterated with low-cost cow's milk, goat's milk and so on. Currently, the detection of specialty dairy products typically requires laboratory settings and relies on skilled operators. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a multi-detection technology and on-site rapid detection technique to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of the detection of specialty dairy products. In this study, we introduced a fully integrated and portable microfluidic detection platform called Sector Self-Driving Microfluidics (SDM), designed to simultaneously detect eight common species-specific components in milk. SDM integrated nucleic acid extraction, purification, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and lateral flow strip (LFS) detection functions into a closed microfluidic system, enabling contamination-free visual detection. The SDM platform used a constant-temperature heating plate, powered by a mobile battery, eliminated the need for additional power support. The SDM platform achieved nucleic acid enrichment and transfer through magnetic force and liquid flow driven by capillary forces, operating without external pumps. The standalone SDM platform could detect dairy components with as low as 1% content within 1 h. Validation with 35 commercially available samples demonstrated 100% specificity and accuracy compared to the gold standard real-time PCR. The SDM platform provided the dairy industry with an efficient, convenient, and accurate detection tool, enabling rapid on-site testing at production facilities or sales points. This facilitated real-time monitoring of quality issues during the production process, quickly identifying potential risks and preventing substandard products from entering the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaoyun Sun
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Jiukai Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Fengchun Huang
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ailiang Chen
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Roche SD, Ekwunife OI, Mendonca R, Kwach B, Omollo V, Zhang S, Ongwen P, Hattery D, Smedinghoff S, Morris S, Were D, Rech D, Bukusi EA, Ortblad KF. Measuring the performance of computer vision artificial intelligence to interpret images of HIV self-testing results. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1334881. [PMID: 38384878 PMCID: PMC10880864 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1334881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction HIV self-testing (HIVST) is highly sensitive and specific, addresses known barriers to HIV testing (such as stigma), and is recommended by the World Health Organization as a testing option for the delivery of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Nevertheless, HIVST remains underutilized as a diagnostic tool in community-based, differentiated HIV service delivery models, possibly due to concerns about result misinterpretation, which could lead to inadvertent onward transmission of HIV, delays in antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, and incorrect initiation on PrEP. Ensuring that HIVST results are accurately interpreted for correct clinical decisions will be critical to maximizing HIVST's potential. Early evidence from a few small pilot studies suggests that artificial intelligence (AI) computer vision and machine learning could potentially assist with this task. As part of a broader study that task-shifted HIV testing to a new setting and cadre of healthcare provider (pharmaceutical technologists at private pharmacies) in Kenya, we sought to understand how well AI technology performed at interpreting HIVST results. Methods At 20 private pharmacies in Kisumu, Kenya, we offered free blood-based HIVST to clients ≥18 years purchasing products indicative of sexual activity (e.g., condoms). Trained pharmacy providers assisted clients with HIVST (as needed), photographed the completed HIVST, and uploaded the photo to a web-based platform. In real time, each self-test was interpreted independently by the (1) client and (2) pharmacy provider, with the HIVST images subsequently interpreted by (3) an AI algorithm (trained on lab-captured images of HIVST results) and (4) an expert panel of three HIVST readers. Using the expert panel's determination as the ground truth, we calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for HIVST result interpretation for the AI algorithm as well as for pharmacy clients and providers, for comparison. Results From March to June 2022, we screened 1,691 pharmacy clients and enrolled 1,500 in the study. All clients completed HIVST. Among 854 clients whose HIVST images were of sufficient quality to be interpretable by the AI algorithm, 63% (540/854) were female, median age was 26 years (interquartile range: 22-31), and 39% (335/855) reported casual sexual partners. The expert panel identified 94.9% (808/854) of HIVST images as HIV-negative, 5.1% (44/854) as HIV-positive, and 0.2% (2/854) as indeterminant. The AI algorithm demonstrated perfect sensitivity (100%), perfect NPV (100%), and 98.8% specificity, and 81.5% PPV (81.5%) due to seven false-positive results. By comparison, pharmacy clients and providers demonstrated lower sensitivity (93.2% and 97.7% respectively) and NPV (99.6% and 99.9% respectively) but perfect specificity (100%) and perfect PPV (100%). Conclusions AI computer vision technology shows promise as a tool for providing additional quality assurance of HIV testing, particularly for catching Type II error (false-negative test interpretations) committed by human end-users. We discuss possible use cases for this technology to support differentiated HIV service delivery and identify areas for future research that is needed to assess the potential impacts-both positive and negative-of deploying this technology in real-world HIV service delivery settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie D. Roche
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Obinna I. Ekwunife
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - Benn Kwach
- Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Victor Omollo
- Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Shengruo Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elizabeth A. Bukusi
- Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Katrina F. Ortblad
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
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Zhou S, Chen B, Fu ES, Yan H. Computer vision meets microfluidics: a label-free method for high-throughput cell analysis. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2023; 9:116. [PMID: 37744264 PMCID: PMC10511704 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00562-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we review the integration of microfluidic chips and computer vision, which has great potential to advance research in the life sciences and biology, particularly in the analysis of cell imaging data. Microfluidic chips enable the generation of large amounts of visual data at the single-cell level, while computer vision techniques can rapidly process and analyze these data to extract valuable information about cellular health and function. One of the key advantages of this integrative approach is that it allows for noninvasive and low-damage cellular characterization, which is important for studying delicate or fragile microbial cells. The use of microfluidic chips provides a highly controlled environment for cell growth and manipulation, minimizes experimental variability and improves the accuracy of data analysis. Computer vision can be used to recognize and analyze target species within heterogeneous microbial populations, which is important for understanding the physiological status of cells in complex biological systems. As hardware and artificial intelligence algorithms continue to improve, computer vision is expected to become an increasingly powerful tool for in situ cell analysis. The use of microelectromechanical devices in combination with microfluidic chips and computer vision could enable the development of label-free, automatic, low-cost, and fast cellular information recognition and the high-throughput analysis of cellular responses to different compounds, for broad applications in fields such as drug discovery, diagnostics, and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 China
| | - Bingbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 China
| | - Edgar S. Fu
- Graduate School of Computing and Information Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - Hong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 China
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Albuquerque G, Fernandes F, Barbalho IMP, Barros DMS, Morais PSG, Morais AHF, Santos MM, Galvão-Lima LJ, Sales-Moioli AIL, Santos JPQ, Gil P, Henriques J, Teixeira C, Lima TS, Coutinho KD, Pinto TKB, Valentim RAM. Computational methods applied to syphilis: where are we, and where are we going? Front Public Health 2023; 11:1201725. [PMID: 37680278 PMCID: PMC10481400 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1201725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Syphilis is an infectious disease that can be diagnosed and treated cheaply. Despite being a curable condition, the syphilis rate is increasing worldwide. In this sense, computational methods can analyze data and assist managers in formulating new public policies for preventing and controlling sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Computational techniques can integrate knowledge from experiences and, through an inference mechanism, apply conditions to a database that seeks to explain data behavior. This systematic review analyzed studies that use computational methods to establish or improve syphilis-related aspects. Our review shows the usefulness of computational tools to promote the overall understanding of syphilis, a global problem, to guide public policy and practice, to target better public health interventions such as surveillance and prevention, health service delivery, and the optimal use of diagnostic tools. The review was conducted according to PRISMA 2020 Statement and used several quality criteria to include studies. The publications chosen to compose this review were gathered from Science Direct, Web of Science, Springer, Scopus, ACM Digital Library, and PubMed databases. Then, studies published between 2015 and 2022 were selected. The review identified 1,991 studies. After applying inclusion, exclusion, and study quality assessment criteria, 26 primary studies were included in the final analysis. The results show different computational approaches, including countless Machine Learning algorithmic models, and three sub-areas of application in the context of syphilis: surveillance (61.54%), diagnosis (34.62%), and health policy evaluation (3.85%). These computational approaches are promising and capable of being tools to support syphilis control and surveillance actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Albuquerque
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Felipe Fernandes
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Ingridy M. P. Barbalho
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Daniele M. S. Barros
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Philippi S. G. Morais
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Antônio H. F. Morais
- Advanced Nucleus of Technological Innovation (NAVI), Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Marquiony M. Santos
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Leonardo J. Galvão-Lima
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Ana Isabela L. Sales-Moioli
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Q. Santos
- Advanced Nucleus of Technological Innovation (NAVI), Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Paulo Gil
- Department of Informatics Engineering, Center for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge Henriques
- Department of Informatics Engineering, Center for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - César Teixeira
- Department of Informatics Engineering, Center for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Thaisa Santos Lima
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Ministry of Health, Esplanada dos Ministérios, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Karilany D. Coutinho
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Talita K. B. Pinto
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A. M. Valentim
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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Yao H, Zhang X. A comprehensive review for machine learning based human papillomavirus detection in forensic identification with multiple medical samples. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1232295. [PMID: 37529327 PMCID: PMC10387549 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1232295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted virus. Cervical cancer is one of the highest incidences of cancer, almost all patients are accompanied by HPV infection. In addition, the occurrence of a variety of cancers is also associated with HPV infection. HPV vaccination has gained widespread popularity in recent years with the increase in public health awareness. In this context, HPV testing not only needs to be sensitive and specific but also needs to trace the source of HPV infection. Through machine learning and deep learning, information from medical examinations can be used more effectively. In this review, we discuss recent advances in HPV testing in combination with machine learning and deep learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanchun Yao
- Department of Cancer, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinglong Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Zhang S, Jiang X, Lu S, Yang G, Wu S, Chen L, Pan H. A Quantitative Detection Algorithm for Multi-Test Line Lateral Flow Immunoassay Applied in Smartphones. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6401. [PMID: 37514695 PMCID: PMC10383061 DOI: 10.3390/s23146401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The traditional lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) detection method suffers from issues such as unstable detection results and low quantitative accuracy. In this study, we propose a novel multi-test line lateral flow immunoassay quantitative detection method using smartphone-based SAA immunoassay strips. Following the utilization of image processing techniques to extract and analyze the pigments on the immunoassay strips, quantitative analysis of the detection results was conducted. Experimental setups with controlled lighting conditions in a dark box were designed to capture samples using smartphones with different specifications for analysis. The algorithm's sensitivity and robustness were validated by introducing noise to the samples, and the detection performance on immunoassay strips using different algorithms was determined. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed lateral flow immunoassay quantitative detection method based on image processing techniques achieves an accuracy rate of 94.23% on 260 samples, which is comparable to the traditional methods but with higher stability and lower algorithm complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing and Automation Technology (Guilin University of Technology), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Xincheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing and Automation Technology (Guilin University of Technology), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Siqi Lu
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Guangtian Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Shaojie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing and Automation Technology (Guilin University of Technology), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Liqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing and Automation Technology (Guilin University of Technology), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Hongcheng Pan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
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Wong F, de la Fuente-Nunez C, Collins JJ. Leveraging artificial intelligence in the fight against infectious diseases. Science 2023; 381:164-170. [PMID: 37440620 PMCID: PMC10663167 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh1114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in molecular biology, genetics, computation, and medicinal chemistry, infectious disease remains an ominous threat to public health. Addressing the challenges posed by pathogen outbreaks, pandemics, and antimicrobial resistance will require concerted interdisciplinary efforts. In conjunction with systems and synthetic biology, artificial intelligence (AI) is now leading to rapid progress, expanding anti-infective drug discovery, enhancing our understanding of infection biology, and accelerating the development of diagnostics. In this Review, we discuss approaches for detecting, treating, and understanding infectious diseases, underscoring the progress supported by AI in each case. We suggest future applications of AI and how it might be harnessed to help control infectious disease outbreaks and pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Wong
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science and Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - James J. Collins
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science and Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Arumugam S, Ma J, Macar U, Han G, McAulay K, Ingram D, Ying A, Chellani HH, Chern T, Reilly K, Colburn DAM, Stanciu R, Duffy C, Williams A, Grys T, Chang SF, Sia SK. Rapidly adaptable automated interpretation of point-of-care COVID-19 diagnostics. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2023; 3:91. [PMID: 37353603 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-023-00312-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Point-of-care diagnostic devices, such as lateral-flow assays, are becoming widely used by the public. However, efforts to ensure correct assay operation and result interpretation rely on hardware that cannot be easily scaled or image processing approaches requiring large training datasets, necessitating large numbers of tests and expert labeling with validated specimens for every new test kit format. METHODS We developed a software architecture called AutoAdapt POC that integrates automated membrane extraction, self-supervised learning, and few-shot learning to automate the interpretation of POC diagnostic tests using smartphone cameras in a scalable manner. A base model pre-trained on a single LFA kit is adapted to five different COVID-19 tests (three antigen, two antibody) using just 20 labeled images. RESULTS Here we show AutoAdapt POC to yield 99% to 100% accuracy over 726 tests (350 positive, 376 negative). In a COVID-19 drive-through study with 74 untrained users self-testing, 98% found image collection easy, and the rapidly adapted models achieved classification accuracies of 100% on both COVID-19 antigen and antibody test kits. Compared with traditional visual interpretation on 105 test kit results, the algorithm correctly identified 100% of images; without a false negative as interpreted by experts. Finally, compared to a traditional convolutional neural network trained on an HIV test kit, the algorithm showed high accuracy while requiring only 1/50th of the training images. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrates how rapid domain adaptation in machine learning can provide quality assurance, linkage to care, and public health tracking for untrained users across diverse POC diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddarth Arumugam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Jiawei Ma
- Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Uzay Macar
- Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Guangxing Han
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Kathrine McAulay
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | | | - Alex Ying
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | | | - Terry Chern
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Kenta Reilly
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | - David A M Colburn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Robert Stanciu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Craig Duffy
- Safe Health Systems, Inc., Los Angeles, CA, 90036, USA
| | | | - Thomas Grys
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | - Shih-Fu Chang
- Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
| | - Samuel K Sia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
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Moetlhoa B, Maluleke K, Mathebula EM, Kgarosi K, Nxele SR, Lenonyane B, Mashamba-Thompson T. REASSURED diagnostics at point-of-care in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001443. [PMID: 37276194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care (POC) diagnostics that meet the REASSURED criteria are essential in combating the rapid increase and severity of global health emergencies caused by infectious diseases. However, little is known about whether the REASSURED criteria are implemented in regions known to have a high burden of infectious diseases such as sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This scoping review maps evidence of the use of REASSURED POC diagnostic tests in SSA. The scoping review was guided by the advanced methodological framework of Arksey and O'Malley, and Levac et al. We searched the following electronic databases for relevant literature: Scopus, Dimensions, ProQuest Central, Google Scholar, and EBSCOhost (MEDLINE, CINAHL, as well as AFRICA-WIDE). Two reviewers independently screened abstracts and full-text articles using the inclusion criteria as reference. We appraised the quality of the included studies using the mixed-method appraisal tool (MMAT) version 2018. We retrieved 138 publications, comprising 134 articles and four grey literature articles. Of these, only five articles were included following abstract and full-text screening. The five included studies were all conducted in SSA. The following themes emerged from the eligible articles: quality assurance on accuracy of REASSURED POC diagnostic tests, sustainability of REASSURED POC diagnostic tests, and local infrastructure capability for delivering REASSURED POC diagnostic tests to end users. All five articles had MMAT scores between 90% and 100%. In conclusion, our scoping review revealed limited published research on REASSURED diagnostics at POC in SSA. We recommend primary studies aimed at investigating the implementation of REASSURED POC diagnostic tests in SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boitumelo Moetlhoa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Kuhlula Maluleke
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Evans M Mathebula
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, Rapid Diagnostics, Infectious Diseases Emerging Markets, Abbot Rapid Diagnostics (Pty) Ltd, Sandton, South Africa
| | - Kabelo Kgarosi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Library Services, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Siphesihle R Nxele
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Bonolo Lenonyane
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Lee S, Kim S, Yoon DS, Park JS, Woo H, Lee D, Cho SY, Park C, Yoo YK, Lee KB, Lee JH. Sample-to-answer platform for the clinical evaluation of COVID-19 using a deep learning-assisted smartphone-based assay. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2361. [PMID: 37095107 PMCID: PMC10124933 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38104-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Since many lateral flow assays (LFA) are tested daily, the improvement in accuracy can greatly impact individual patient care and public health. However, current self-testing for COVID-19 detection suffers from low accuracy, mainly due to the LFA sensitivity and reading ambiguities. Here, we present deep learning-assisted smartphone-based LFA (SMARTAI-LFA) diagnostics to provide accurate decisions with higher sensitivity. Combining clinical data learning and two-step algorithms enables a cradle-free on-site assay with higher accuracy than the untrained individuals and human experts via blind tests of clinical data (n = 1500). We acquired 98% accuracy across 135 smartphone application-based clinical tests with different users/smartphones. Furthermore, with more low-titer tests, we observed that the accuracy of SMARTAI-LFA was maintained at over 99% while there was a significant decrease in human accuracy, indicating the reliable performance of SMARTAI-LFA. We envision a smartphone-based SMARTAI-LFA that allows continuously enhanced performance by adding clinical tests and satisfies the new criterion for digitalized real-time diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungmin Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmok Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sung Yoon
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Astrion Inc, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Soo Park
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyowon Woo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Lee
- CALTH Inc., Changeop-ro 54, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13449, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Yeon Cho
- Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulmin Park
- Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Kyoung Yoo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Catholic Kwandong University, 24, Beomil-ro 579 beon-gil, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, 25601, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki-Baek Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Hoon Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Mukerji SS, Petersen KJ, Pohl KM, Dastgheyb RM, Fox HS, Bilder RM, Brouillette MJ, Gross AL, Scott-Sheldon LAJ, Paul RH, Gabuzda D. Machine Learning Approaches to Understand Cognitive Phenotypes in People With HIV. J Infect Dis 2023; 227:S48-S57. [PMID: 36930638 PMCID: PMC10022709 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive disorders are prevalent in people with HIV (PWH) despite antiretroviral therapy. Given the heterogeneity of cognitive disorders in PWH in the current era and evidence that these disorders have different etiologies and risk factors, scientific rationale is growing for using data-driven models to identify biologically defined subtypes (biotypes) of these disorders. Here, we discuss the state of science using machine learning to understand cognitive phenotypes in PWH and their associated comorbidities, biological mechanisms, and risk factors. We also discuss methods, example applications, challenges, and what will be required from the field to successfully incorporate machine learning in research on cognitive disorders in PWH. These topics were discussed at the National Institute of Mental Health meeting on "Biotypes of CNS Complications in People Living with HIV" held in October 2021. These ongoing research initiatives seek to explain the heterogeneity of cognitive phenotypes in PWH and their associated biological mechanisms to facilitate clinical management and tailored interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dana Gabuzda
- Correspondence: Dana Gabuzda, MD, Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Center for Life Science 1010, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215 ()
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13
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Wang B, Li Y, Zhou M, Han Y, Zhang M, Gao Z, Liu Z, Chen P, Du W, Zhang X, Feng X, Liu BF. Smartphone-based platforms implementing microfluidic detection with image-based artificial intelligence. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1341. [PMID: 36906581 PMCID: PMC10007670 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The frequent outbreak of global infectious diseases has prompted the development of rapid and effective diagnostic tools for the early screening of potential patients in point-of-care testing scenarios. With advances in mobile computing power and microfluidic technology, the smartphone-based mobile health platform has drawn significant attention from researchers developing point-of-care testing devices that integrate microfluidic optical detection with artificial intelligence analysis. In this article, we summarize recent progress in these mobile health platforms, including the aspects of microfluidic chips, imaging modalities, supporting components, and the development of software algorithms. We document the application of mobile health platforms in terms of the detection objects, including molecules, viruses, cells, and parasites. Finally, we discuss the prospects for future development of mobile health platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangfeng Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Mengfan Zhou
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yulong Han
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Mingyu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhaolong Gao
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zetai Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Peng Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wei Du
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xingcai Zhang
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| | - Xiaojun Feng
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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14
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Peeling RW, Sia SK. Lessons from COVID-19 for improving diagnostic access in future pandemics. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1376-1388. [PMID: 36629022 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00662f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, we have witnessed the critical and expanding roles of testing. Despite the development of over a thousand brand of tests - with some close to fulfilling the 4As (accuracy, access, affordability, and actionability via quick time to result) of an ideal diagnostic test - gaps persisted in developing tests to fit public health needs, and in providing equitable access. Here, we review how the use cases for testing evolved over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, with associated engineering challenges (and potential lessons) at each phase for test developers. We summarise lessons learnt from the recent epidemic and propose four areas for future cooperative effort among test developers, government regulators and policy makers, public health experts, and the public: 1) develop new models for public sector funding and research and development; 2) increase testing capacity by investing in adaptable open-platform technologies at every level of the healthcare system; 3) build data connectivity infrastructures to support a connected diagnostic system as a backbone for surveillance; and 4) facilitate the rapid translation of innovation into use through a coordinated framework for regulatory approval and policy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna W Peeling
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
| | - Samuel K Sia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, USA
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15
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Bacon A, Wang W, Lee H, Umrao S, Sinawang PD, Akin D, Khemtonglang K, Tan A, Hirshfield S, Demirci U, Wang X, Cunningham BT. Review of HIV Self Testing Technologies and Promising Approaches for the Next Generation. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:298. [PMID: 36832064 PMCID: PMC9954708 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The ability to self-test for HIV is vital to preventing transmission, particularly when used in concert with HIV biomedical prevention modalities, such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). In this paper, we review recent developments in HIV self-testing and self-sampling methods, and the potential future impact of novel materials and methods that emerged through efforts to develop more effective point-of-care (POC) SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics. We address the gaps in existing HIV self-testing technologies, where improvements in test sensitivity, sample-to-answer time, simplicity, and cost are needed to enhance diagnostic accuracy and widespread accessibility. We discuss potential paths toward the next generation of HIV self-testing through sample collection materials, biosensing assay techniques, and miniaturized instrumentation. We discuss the implications for other applications, such as self-monitoring of HIV viral load and other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Bacon
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Weijing Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Hankeun Lee
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Saurabh Umrao
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Center for Genomic Diagnostics, Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Prima Dewi Sinawang
- Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Demir Akin
- Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence for Translational Diagnostics (CCNE-TD), School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kodchakorn Khemtonglang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Anqi Tan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Sabina Hirshfield
- Special Treatment and Research (STAR) Program, Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, NY 11203, USA
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Center for Genomic Diagnostics, Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Brian T. Cunningham
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Center for Genomic Diagnostics, Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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16
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Colombo M, Bezinge L, Rocha Tapia A, Shih CJ, de Mello AJ, Richards DA. Real-time, smartphone-based processing of lateral flow assays for early failure detection and rapid testing workflows. SENSORS & DIAGNOSTICS 2023; 2:100-110. [PMID: 36741250 PMCID: PMC9850356 DOI: 10.1039/d2sd00197g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite their simplicity, lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) remain a crucial weapon in the diagnostic arsenal, particularly at the point-of-need. However, methods for analysing LFIAs still rely heavily on sub-optimal human readout and rudimentary end-point analysis. This negatively impacts both testing accuracy and testing times, ultimately lowering diagnostic throughput. Herein, we present an automated computational imaging method for processing and analysing multiple LFIAs in real-time and in parallel. This method relies on the automated detection of signal intensity at the test line, control line, and background, and employs statistical comparison of these values to predictively categorise tests as "positive", "negative", or "failed". We show that such a computational methodology can be transferred to a smartphone and detail how real-time analysis of LFIAs can be leveraged to decrease the time-to-result and increase testing throughput. We compare our method to naked-eye readout and demonstrate a shorter time-to-result across a range of target antigen concentrations and fewer false negatives compared to human subjects at low antigen concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Colombo
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Léonard Bezinge
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Andres Rocha Tapia
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Chih-Jen Shih
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Andrew J de Mello
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Daniel A Richards
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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17
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Rapid, label-free histopathological diagnosis of liver cancer based on Raman spectroscopy and deep learning. Nat Commun 2023; 14:48. [PMID: 36599851 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35696-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biopsy is the recommended standard for pathological diagnosis of liver carcinoma. However, this method usually requires sectioning and staining, and well-trained pathologists to interpret tissue images. Here, we utilize Raman spectroscopy to study human hepatic tissue samples, developing and validating a workflow for in vitro and intraoperative pathological diagnosis of liver cancer. We distinguish carcinoma tissues from adjacent non-tumour tissues in a rapid, non-disruptive, and label-free manner by using Raman spectroscopy combined with deep learning, which is validated by tissue metabolomics. This technique allows for detailed pathological identification of the cancer tissues, including subtype, differentiation grade, and tumour stage. 2D/3D Raman images of unprocessed human tissue slices with submicrometric resolution are also acquired based on visualization of molecular composition, which could assist in tumour boundary recognition and clinicopathologic diagnosis. Lastly, the potential for a portable handheld Raman system is illustrated during surgery for real-time intraoperative human liver cancer diagnosis.
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18
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Sanchez T, Mavragani A, Álamo E, Pérez-Panizo N, Mousa A, Dacal E, Lin L, Vladimirov A, Cuadrado D, Mateos-Nozal J, Galán JC, Romero-Hernandez B, Cantón R, Luengo-Oroz M, Rodriguez-Dominguez M. A Smartphone-Based Platform Assisted by Artificial Intelligence for Reading and Reporting Rapid Diagnostic Tests: Evaluation Study in SARS-CoV-2 Lateral Flow Immunoassays. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2022; 8:e38533. [PMID: 36265136 PMCID: PMC9840096 DOI: 10.2196/38533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are being widely used to manage COVID-19 pandemic. However, many results remain unreported or unconfirmed, altering a correct epidemiological surveillance. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to evaluate an artificial intelligence-based smartphone app, connected to a cloud web platform, to automatically and objectively read RDT results and assess its impact on COVID-19 pandemic management. METHODS Overall, 252 human sera were used to inoculate a total of 1165 RDTs for training and validation purposes. We then conducted two field studies to assess the performance on real-world scenarios by testing 172 antibody RDTs at two nursing homes and 96 antigen RDTs at one hospital emergency department. RESULTS Field studies demonstrated high levels of sensitivity (100%) and specificity (94.4%, CI 92.8%-96.1%) for reading IgG band of COVID-19 antibody RDTs compared to visual readings from health workers. Sensitivity of detecting IgM test bands was 100%, and specificity was 95.8% (CI 94.3%-97.3%). All COVID-19 antigen RDTs were correctly read by the app. CONCLUSIONS The proposed reading system is automatic, reducing variability and uncertainty associated with RDTs interpretation and can be used to read different RDT brands. The web platform serves as a real-time epidemiological tracking tool and facilitates reporting of positive RDTs to relevant health authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nuria Pérez-Panizo
- Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Lin Lin
- Spotlab, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Image Technologies, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Jesús Mateos-Nozal
- Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Galán
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Romero-Hernandez
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Cantón
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mario Rodriguez-Dominguez
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Khosla NK, Lesinski JM, Colombo M, Bezinge L, deMello AJ, Richards DA. Simplifying the complex: accessible microfluidic solutions for contemporary processes within in vitro diagnostics. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:3340-3360. [PMID: 35984715 PMCID: PMC9469643 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00609j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In vitro diagnostics (IVDs) form the cornerstone of modern medicine. They are routinely employed throughout the entire treatment pathway, from initial diagnosis through to prognosis, treatment planning, and post-treatment surveillance. Given the proven links between high quality diagnostic testing and overall health, ensuring broad access to IVDs has long been a focus of both researchers and medical professionals. Unfortunately, the current diagnostic paradigm relies heavily on centralized laboratories, complex and expensive equipment, and highly trained personnel. It is commonly assumed that this level of complexity is required to achieve the performance necessary for sensitive and specific disease diagnosis, and that making something affordable and accessible entails significant compromises in test performance. However, recent work in the field of microfluidics is challenging this notion. By exploiting the unique features of microfluidic systems, researchers have been able to create progressively simple devices that can perform increasingly complex diagnostic assays. This review details how microfluidic technologies are disrupting the status quo, and facilitating the development of simple, affordable, and accessible integrated IVDs. Importantly, we discuss the advantages and limitations of various approaches, and highlight the remaining challenges within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan K Khosla
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.
| | - Jake M Lesinski
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.
| | - Monika Colombo
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.
| | - Léonard Bezinge
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.
| | - Andrew J deMello
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel A Richards
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.
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20
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Xu X, Yu Z, Ge Z, Chow EPF, Bao Y, Ong JJ, Li W, Wu J, Fairley CK, Zhang L. Web-Based Risk Prediction Tool for an Individual's Risk of HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections Using Machine Learning Algorithms: Development and External Validation Study. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e37850. [PMID: 36006685 PMCID: PMC9459839 DOI: 10.2196/37850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are major global public health concerns. Over 1 million curable STIs occur every day among people aged 15 years to 49 years worldwide. Insufficient testing or screening substantially impedes the elimination of HIV and STI transmission. Objective The aim of our study was to develop an HIV and STI risk prediction tool using machine learning algorithms. Methods We used clinic consultations that tested for HIV and STIs at the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre between March 2, 2015, and December 31, 2018, as the development data set (training and testing data set). We also used 2 external validation data sets, including data from 2019 as external “validation data 1” and data from January 2020 and January 2021 as external “validation data 2.” We developed 34 machine learning models to assess the risk of acquiring HIV, syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia. We created an online tool to generate an individual’s risk of HIV or an STI. Results The important predictors for HIV and STI risk were gender, age, men who reported having sex with men, number of casual sexual partners, and condom use. Our machine learning–based risk prediction tool, named MySTIRisk, performed at an acceptable or excellent level on testing data sets (area under the curve [AUC] for HIV=0.78; AUC for syphilis=0.84; AUC for gonorrhea=0.78; AUC for chlamydia=0.70) and had stable performance on both external validation data from 2019 (AUC for HIV=0.79; AUC for syphilis=0.85; AUC for gonorrhea=0.81; AUC for chlamydia=0.69) and data from 2020-2021 (AUC for HIV=0.71; AUC for syphilis=0.84; AUC for gonorrhea=0.79; AUC for chlamydia=0.69). Conclusions Our web-based risk prediction tool could accurately predict the risk of HIV and STIs for clinic attendees using simple self-reported questions. MySTIRisk could serve as an HIV and STI screening tool on clinic websites or digital health platforms to encourage individuals at risk of HIV or an STI to be tested or start HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis. The public can use this tool to assess their risk and then decide if they would attend a clinic for testing. Clinicians or public health workers can use this tool to identify high-risk individuals for further interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Xu
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,China Australia Joint Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen Yu
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,China Australia Joint Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, China.,Monash e-Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, Airdoc Research, Nvidia AI Technology Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zongyuan Ge
- Monash e-Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, Airdoc Research, Nvidia AI Technology Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Eric P F Chow
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yining Bao
- China Australia Joint Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, China
| | - Jason J Ong
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,China Australia Joint Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinrong Wu
- Research Centre for Data Analytics and Cognition, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher K Fairley
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,China Australia Joint Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,China Australia Joint Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, China
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21
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Wong NCK, Meshkinfamfard S, Turbé V, Whitaker M, Moshe M, Bardanzellu A, Dai T, Pignatelli E, Barclay W, Darzi A, Elliott P, Ward H, Tanaka RJ, Cooke GS, McKendry RA, Atchison CJ, Bharath AA. Machine learning to support visual auditing of home-based lateral flow immunoassay self-test results for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2022; 2:78. [PMID: 35814295 PMCID: PMC9259560 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-022-00146-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) are being used worldwide for COVID-19 mass testing and antibody prevalence studies. Relatively simple to use and low cost, these tests can be self-administered at home, but rely on subjective interpretation of a test line by eye, risking false positives and false negatives. Here, we report on the development of ALFA (Automated Lateral Flow Analysis) to improve reported sensitivity and specificity. Methods Our computational pipeline uses machine learning, computer vision techniques and signal processing algorithms to analyse images of the Fortress LFIA SARS-CoV-2 antibody self-test, and subsequently classify results as invalid, IgG negative and IgG positive. A large image library of 595,339 participant-submitted test photographs was created as part of the REACT-2 community SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence study in England, UK. Alongside ALFA, we developed an analysis toolkit which could also detect device blood leakage issues. Results Automated analysis showed substantial agreement with human experts (Cohen's kappa 0.90-0.97) and performed consistently better than study participants, particularly for weak positive IgG results. Specificity (98.7-99.4%) and sensitivity (90.1-97.1%) were high compared with visual interpretation by human experts (ranges due to the varying prevalence of weak positive IgG tests in datasets). Conclusions Given the potential for LFIAs to be used at scale in the COVID-19 response (for both antibody and antigen testing), even a small improvement in the accuracy of the algorithms could impact the lives of millions of people by reducing the risk of false-positive and false-negative result read-outs by members of the public. Our findings support the use of machine learning-enabled automated reading of at-home antibody lateral flow tests as a tool for improved accuracy for population-level community surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Valérian Turbé
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Maya Moshe
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Tianhong Dai
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Wendy Barclay
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Ara Darzi
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Elliott
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Helen Ward
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Reiko J. Tanaka
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Graham S. Cooke
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Rachel A. McKendry
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, UK
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christina J. Atchison
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Anil A. Bharath
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
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22
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Ono S, Goto T. Introduction to supervised machine learning in clinical epidemiology. ANNALS OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2022; 4:63-71. [PMID: 38504945 PMCID: PMC10760492 DOI: 10.37737/ace.22009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Machine learning refers to a series of processes in which a computer finds rules from a vast amount of data. With recent advances in computer technology and the availability of a wide variety of health data, machine learning has rapidly developed and been applied in medical research. Currently, there are three types of machine learning: supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning. In medical research, supervised learning is commonly used for diagnoses and prognoses, while unsupervised learning is used for phenotyping a disease, and reinforcement learning for maximizing favorable results, such as optimization of total patients' waiting time in the emergency department. The present article focuses on the concept and application of supervised learning in medicine, the most commonly used machine learning approach in medicine, and provides a brief explanation of four algorithms widely used for prediction (random forests, gradient-boosted decision tree, support vector machine, and neural network). Among these algorithms, the neural network has further developed into deep learning algorithms to solve more complex tasks. Along with simple classification problems, deep learning is commonly used to process medical imaging, such as retinal fundus photographs for diabetic retinopathy diagnosis. Although machine learning can bring new insights into medicine by processing a vast amount of data that are often beyond human capacity, algorithms can also fail when domain knowledge is neglected. The combination of algorithms and human cognitive ability is a key to the successful application of machine learning in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Ono
- Department of Eat-loss Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Tadahiro Goto
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, The University of Tokyo
- TXP Medical Co. Ltd
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23
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Chen J, Hao L, Hu J, Zhu K, Li Y, Xiong S, Huang X, Xiong Y, Tang BZ. A Universal Boronate‐Affinity Crosslinking‐Amplified Dynamic Light Scattering Immunoassay for Point‐of‐Care Glycoprotein Detection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology Nanchang University Nanchang 330047 China
| | - Liangwen Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology Nanchang University Nanchang 330047 China
| | - Jiaqi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology Nanchang University Nanchang 330047 China
| | - Kang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology Nanchang University Nanchang 330047 China
| | - Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology Nanchang University Nanchang 330047 China
| | - Sicheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology Nanchang University Nanchang 330047 China
| | - Xiaolin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology Nanchang University Nanchang 330047 China
| | - Yonghua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology Nanchang University Nanchang 330047 China
- Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institute Nanchang University Nanchang 330047 China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology School of Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Guangdong 518172 China
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24
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Ferrer P, Bastias C, Beltrán C, Afani A. Diagnosis of HIV infection using mass community rapid testing in Santiago, Chile. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY PLUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcvp.2022.100064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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25
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Abstract
Built-in decision thresholds for AI diagnostics are ethically problematic, as patients may differ in their attitudes about the risk of false-positive and false-negative results, which will require that clinicians assess patient values.
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26
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Iriemenam NC, Mpamugo A, Ikpeazu A, Okunoye OO, Onokevbagbe E, Bassey OO, Tapdiyel J, Alagi MA, Meribe C, Ahmed ML, Ikwulono G, Aguolu R, Ashefor G, Nzelu C, Ehoche A, Ezra B, Obioha C, Baffa Sule I, Adedokun O, Mba N, Ihekweazu C, Charurat M, Lindsay B, Stafford KA, Ibrahim D, Swaminathan M, Yufenyuy EL, Parekh BS, Adebajo S, Abimiku A, Okoye MI. Evaluation of the Nigeria national HIV rapid testing algorithm. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0001077. [PMID: 36962660 PMCID: PMC10021713 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) diagnosis remains the gateway to HIV care and treatment. However, due to changes in HIV prevalence and testing coverage across different geopolitical zones, it is crucial to evaluate the national HIV testing algorithm as false positivity due to low prevalence could be detrimental to both the client and the service delivery. Therefore, we evaluated the performance of the national HIV rapid testing algorithm using specimens collected from multiple HIV testing services (HTS) sites and compared the results from different HIV prevalence levels across the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. The evaluation employed a dual approach, retrospective, and prospective. The retrospective evaluation focused on a desktop review of program data (n = 492,880) collated from patients attending routine HTS from six geopolitical zones of Nigeria between January 2017 and December 2019. The prospective component utilized samples (n = 2,895) collected from the field at the HTS and tested using the current national serial HIV rapid testing algorithm. These samples were transported to the National Reference Laboratory (NRL), Abuja, and were re-tested using the national HIV rapid testing algorithm and HIV-1/2 supplementary assays (Geenius to confirm positives and resolve discordance and multiplex assay). The retrospective component of the study revealed that the overall proportion of HIV positives, based on the selected areas, was 5.7% (28,319/492,880) within the study period, and the discordant rate between tests 1 and 2 was 1.1%. The prospective component of the study indicated no significant differences between the test performed at the field using the national HIV rapid testing algorithm and the re-testing performed at the NRL. The comparison between the test performed at the field using the national HIV rapid testing algorithm and Geenius HIV-1/2 supplementary assay showed an agreement rate of 95.2%, while that of the NRL was 99.3%. In addition, the comparison of the field results with HIV multiplex assay indicated a sensitivity of 96.6%, the specificity of 98.2%, PPV of 97.0%, and Kappa Statistic of 0.95, and that of the NRL with HIV multiplex assay was 99.2%, 99.4%, 99.0%, and 0.99, respectively. Results show that the Nigeria national serial HIV rapid testing algorithm performed very well across the target settings. However, the algorithm's performance in the field was lower than the performance outcomes under a controlled environment in the NRL. There is a need to target testers in the field for routine continuous quality improvement implementation, including refresher trainings as necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nnaemeka C Iriemenam
- Division of Global HIV and TB, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Augustine Mpamugo
- Center for International Health, Education, and Biosecurity, Maryland Global Initiatives Corporation - an affiliate of the University of Maryland, Baltimore, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Akudo Ikpeazu
- Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Olumide O Okunoye
- Division of Global HIV and TB, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Edewede Onokevbagbe
- Center for International Health, Education, and Biosecurity, Maryland Global Initiatives Corporation - an affiliate of the University of Maryland, Baltimore, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Orji O Bassey
- Division of Global HIV and TB, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Jelpe Tapdiyel
- Division of Global HIV and TB, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Matthias A Alagi
- Division of Global HIV and TB, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Chidozie Meribe
- Division of Global HIV and TB, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Mukhtar L Ahmed
- Division of Global HIV and TB, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Gabriel Ikwulono
- Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Rose Aguolu
- National Agency for the Control of AIDS, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Gregory Ashefor
- National Agency for the Control of AIDS, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Charles Nzelu
- Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Akipu Ehoche
- Center for International Health, Education, and Biosecurity, Maryland Global Initiatives Corporation - an affiliate of the University of Maryland, Baltimore, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Babatunde Ezra
- Center for International Health, Education, and Biosecurity, Maryland Global Initiatives Corporation - an affiliate of the University of Maryland, Baltimore, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Christine Obioha
- Center for International Health, Education, and Biosecurity, Maryland Global Initiatives Corporation - an affiliate of the University of Maryland, Baltimore, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Baffa Sule
- Center for International Health, Education, and Biosecurity, Maryland Global Initiatives Corporation - an affiliate of the University of Maryland, Baltimore, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Oluwasanmi Adedokun
- Center for International Health, Education, and Biosecurity, Maryland Global Initiatives Corporation - an affiliate of the University of Maryland, Baltimore, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Nwando Mba
- National Reference Laboratory, Nigeria Centers for Disease Control, Gaduwa, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Chikwe Ihekweazu
- National Reference Laboratory, Nigeria Centers for Disease Control, Gaduwa, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Manhattan Charurat
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Center for International Health, Education, and Biosecurity, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brianna Lindsay
- Center for International Health, Education, and Biosecurity, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kristen A Stafford
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Center for International Health, Education, and Biosecurity, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dalhatu Ibrahim
- Division of Global HIV and TB, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Mahesh Swaminathan
- Division of Global HIV and TB, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Ernest L Yufenyuy
- International Laboratory Branch, Division of Global HIV and TB, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Bharat S Parekh
- International Laboratory Branch, Division of Global HIV and TB, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sylvia Adebajo
- Center for International Health, Education, and Biosecurity, Maryland Global Initiatives Corporation - an affiliate of the University of Maryland, Baltimore, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Alash'le Abimiku
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - McPaul I Okoye
- Division of Global HIV and TB, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
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27
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Chen J, Hao L, Hu J, Zhu K, Li Y, Xiong S, Huang X, Xiong Y, Tang BZ. A Universal Boronate-Affinity Crosslinking-Amplified Dynamic Light Scattering Immunoassay for Point-of-Care Glycoprotein Detection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202112031. [PMID: 34881816 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a universal boronate-affinity crosslinking-amplified dynamic light scattering (DLS) immunoassay for point-of-care (POC) glycoprotein detection in complex samples. This enhanced DLS immunoassay consists of two elements, i.e., antibody-coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNP@mAb) for target capture and DLS signal transduction, and phenylboronic acid-based boronate-affinity materials as crosslinking amplifiers. Upon the addition of targets, glycoproteins are first captured by MNP@mAb and amplified by target-induced crosslinking stemming from the selective binding between the boronic acid ligand and cis-diol-containing glycoprotein, thereby resulting in a remarkably increased DLS signal in the average nanoparticle size. Benefiting from the multivalent binding and fast boronate-affinity reaction between glycoproteins and crosslinkers, the proposed immunosensing strategy has achieved the ultrasensitive and rapid quantitative assay of glycoproteins at the fM level within 15 min. Overall, this work provides a promising and versatile design strategy for extending the DLS technique to detect glycoproteins even in the field or at POC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Liangwen Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Jiaqi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Kang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Sicheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Xiaolin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Yonghua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
- Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
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28
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Kim S, Sikes HD. Dual Photoredox Catalysis Strategy for Enhanced Photopolymerization-Based Colorimetric Biodetection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:57962-57970. [PMID: 34797978 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic redox reactions have been employed to enhance colorimetric biodetection signals in point-of-care diagnostic tests, while their time-sensitive visual readouts may increase the risk of false results. To address this issue, we developed a dual photocatalyst signal amplification strategy that can be controlled by a fixed light dose, achieving time-independent colorimetric biodetection in paper-based tests. In this method, target-associated methylene blue (MB+) photocatalytically amplifies the concentration of eosin Y by oxidizing deactivated eosin Y (EYH3-) under red light, followed by photopolymerization with eosin Y autocatalysis under green light to generate visible hydrogels. Using the insights from mechanistic studies on MB+-sensitized photo-oxidation of EYH3-, we improved the photocatalytic efficiency of MB+ by suppressing its degradation. Lastly, we characterized 100- to 500-fold enhancement in sensitivity obtained from MB+-specific eosin Y amplification, highlighting the advantages of using dual photocatalyst signal amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyeon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hadley D Sikes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Antimicrobial Resistance Integrated Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
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