1
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Needham LM, Saavedra C, Rasch JK, Sole-Barber D, Schweitzer BS, Fairhall AJ, Vollbrecht CH, Wan S, Podorova Y, Bergsten AJ, Mehlenbacher B, Zhang Z, Tenbrake L, Saimi J, Kneely LC, Kirkwood JS, Pfeifer H, Chapman ER, Goldsmith RH. Label-free detection and profiling of individual solution-phase molecules. Nature 2024; 629:1062-1068. [PMID: 38720082 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07370-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Most chemistry and biology occurs in solution, in which conformational dynamics and complexation underlie behaviour and function. Single-molecule techniques1 are uniquely suited to resolving molecular diversity and new label-free approaches are reshaping the power of single-molecule measurements. A label-free single-molecule method2-16 capable of revealing details of molecular conformation in solution17,18 would allow a new microscopic perspective of unprecedented detail. Here we use the enhanced light-molecule interactions in high-finesse fibre-based Fabry-Pérot microcavities19-21 to detect individual biomolecules as small as 1.2 kDa, a ten-amino-acid peptide, with signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) >100, even as the molecules are unlabelled and freely diffusing in solution. Our method delivers 2D intensity and temporal profiles, enabling the distinction of subpopulations in mixed samples. Notably, we observe a linear relationship between passage time and molecular radius, unlocking the potential to gather crucial information about diffusion and solution-phase conformation. Furthermore, mixtures of biomolecule isomers of the same molecular weight and composition but different conformation can also be resolved. Detection is based on the creation of a new molecular velocity filter window and a dynamic thermal priming mechanism that make use of the interplay between optical and thermal dynamics22,23 and Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) cavity locking24 to reveal molecular motion even while suppressing environmental noise. New in vitro ways of revealing molecular conformation, diversity and dynamics can find broad potential for applications in the life and chemical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Maria Needham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- School of the Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carlos Saavedra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Julia K Rasch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Daniel Sole-Barber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Beau S Schweitzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alex J Fairhall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Cecilia H Vollbrecht
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kalamazoo College, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Sushu Wan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yulia Podorova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anders J Bergsten
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Zhao Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lukas Tenbrake
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jovanna Saimi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lucy C Kneely
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jackson S Kirkwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Hannes Pfeifer
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Edwin R Chapman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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2
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He YF, Yang SY, Lv WL, Qian C, Wu G, Zhao X, Liu XW. Deep-Learning Driven, High-Precision Plasmonic Scattering Interferometry for Single-Particle Identification. ACS NANO 2024; 18:9704-9712. [PMID: 38512797 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Label-free probing of the material composition of (bio)nano-objects directly in solution at the single-particle level is crucial in various fields, including colloid analysis and medical diagnostics. However, it remains challenging to decipher the constituents of heterogeneous mixtures of nano-objects with high sensitivity and resolution. Here, we present deep-learning plasmonic scattering interferometric microscopy, which is capable of identifying the composition of nanoparticles automatically with high throughput at the single-particle level. By employing deep learning to decode the quantitative relationship between the interferometric scattering patterns of nanoparticles and their intrinsic material properties, this technique is capable of high-throughput, label-free identification of diverse nanoparticle types. We demonstrate its versatility in analyzing dynamic surface chemical reactions on single nanoparticles, revealing its potential as a universal platform for nanoparticle imaging and reaction analysis. This technique not only streamlines the process of nanoparticle characterization, but also proposes a methodology for a deeper understanding of nanoscale dynamics, holding great potential for addressing extensive fundamental questions in nanoscience and nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan He
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Si-Yu Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Wen-Li Lv
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Chen Qian
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xiaona Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xian-Wei Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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3
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Nguyen MC, Bonnaud P, Dibsy R, Maucort G, Lyonnais S, Muriaux D, Bon P. Label-Free Single Nanoparticle Identification and Characterization in Demanding Environment, Including Infectious Emergent Virus. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304564. [PMID: 38009767 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Unknown particle screening-including virus and nanoparticles-are keys in medicine, industry, and also in water pollutant determination. Here, RYtov MIcroscopy for Nanoparticles Identification (RYMINI) is introduced, a staining-free, non-invasive, and non-destructive optical approach that is merging holographic label-free 3D tracking with high-sensitivity quantitative phase imaging into a compact optical setup. Dedicated to the identification and then characterization of single nano-object in solution, it is compatible with highly demanding environments, such as level 3 biological laboratories, with high resilience to external source of mechanical and optical noise. Metrological characterization is performed at the level of each single particle on both absorbing and transparent particles as well as on immature and infectious HIV, SARS-CoV-2 and extracellular vesicles in solution. The capability of RYMINI to determine the nature, concentration, size, complex refractive index and mass of each single particle without knowledge or model of the particles' response is demonstrated. The system surpasses 90% accuracy for automatic identification between dielectric/metallic/biological nanoparticles and ≈80% for intraclass chemical determination of metallic and dielectric. It falls down to 50-70% for type determination inside the biological nanoparticle's class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh-Chau Nguyen
- UMR 7252, CNRS, XLIM, Université de Limoges, Limoges, F-87000, France
| | - Peter Bonnaud
- UMR 7252, CNRS, XLIM, Université de Limoges, Limoges, F-87000, France
| | - Rayane Dibsy
- UMR 9004 CNRS, IRIM (Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34293, France
| | - Guillaume Maucort
- Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, University of Bordeaux, Talence, F-33400, France
- LP2N UMR 5298, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Talence, F-33400, France
| | - Sébastien Lyonnais
- UAR 3725 CNRS, CEMIPAI, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34000, France
| | - Delphine Muriaux
- UMR 9004 CNRS, IRIM (Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34293, France
- UAR 3725 CNRS, CEMIPAI, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34000, France
| | - Pierre Bon
- UMR 7252, CNRS, XLIM, Université de Limoges, Limoges, F-87000, France
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4
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Halipi V, Sasanian N, Feng J, Hu J, Lubart Q, Bernson D, van Leeuwen D, Ahmadpour D, Sparr E, Esbjörner EK. Extracellular Vesicles Slow Down Aβ(1-42) Aggregation by Interfering with the Amyloid Fibril Elongation Step. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:944-954. [PMID: 38408014 PMCID: PMC10921407 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Formation of amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrils is a central pathogenic feature of Alzheimer's disease. Cell-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been suggested as disease modulators, although their exact roles and relations to Aβ pathology remain unclear. We combined kinetics assays and biophysical analyses to explore how small (<220 nm) EVs from neuronal and non-neuronal human cell lines affected the aggregation of the disease-associated Aβ variant Aβ(1-42) into amyloid fibrils. Using thioflavin-T monitored kinetics and seeding assays, we found that EVs reduced Aβ(1-42) aggregation by inhibiting fibril elongation. Morphological analyses revealed this to result in the formation of short fibril fragments with increased thicknesses and less apparent twists. We suggest that EVs may have protective roles by reducing Aβ(1-42) amyloid loads, but also note that the formation of small amyloid fragments could be problematic from a neurotoxicity perspective. EVs may therefore have double-edged roles in the regulation of Aβ pathology in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesa Halipi
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, S-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nima Sasanian
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, S-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Julia Feng
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, S-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jing Hu
- Division
of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Quentin Lubart
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, S-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Bernson
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, S-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel van Leeuwen
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, S-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Doryaneh Ahmadpour
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, S-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emma Sparr
- Division
of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Elin K. Esbjörner
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, S-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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5
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Zhou X, Chieng A, Wang S. Label-Free Optical Imaging of Nanoscale Single Entities. ACS Sens 2024; 9:543-554. [PMID: 38346398 PMCID: PMC10990724 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The advancement of optical microscopy technologies has achieved imaging of nanoscale objects, including nanomaterials, virions, organelles, and biological molecules, at the single entity level. Recently developed plasmonic and scattering based optical microscopy technologies have enabled label-free imaging of single entities with high spatial and temporal resolutions. These label-free methods eliminate the complexity of sample labeling and minimize the perturbation of the analyte native state. Additionally, these imaging-based methods can noninvasively probe the dynamics and functions of single entities with sufficient throughput for heterogeneity analysis. This perspective will review label-free single entity imaging technologies and discuss their principles, applications, and key challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhou
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Andy Chieng
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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6
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Peters M, McIntosh D, Branzan Albu A, Ying C, Gordon R. Label-Free Tracking of Proteins through Plasmon-Enhanced Interference. ACS NANOSCIENCE AU 2024; 4:69-75. [PMID: 38406310 PMCID: PMC10885339 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.3c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Single unmodified biomolecules in solution can be observed and characterized by interferometric imaging approaches; however, Rayleigh scattering limits this to larger proteins (typically >30 kDa). We observe real-time image tracking of unmodified proteins down to 14 kDa using interference imaging enhanced by surface plasmons launched at an aperture in a metal film. The larger proteins show slower diffusion, quantified by tracking. When the diffusing protein is finally trapped by the nanoaperture, we perform complementary power spectral density and noise amplitude analysis, which gives information about the protein. This approach allows for rapid protein characterization with minimal sample preparation and opens the door to characterizing protein interactions in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Peters
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, University of
Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
- Centre
for Advanced Materials & Related Technologies (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Declan McIntosh
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, University of
Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Alexandra Branzan Albu
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, University of
Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Cuifeng Ying
- Advanced
Optics and Photonics Laboratory, Department of Engineering, School
of Science & Technology, Nottingham
Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, U.K.
| | - Reuven Gordon
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, University of
Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
- Centre
for Advanced Materials & Related Technologies (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
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7
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Olsén E, García Rodríguez B, Skärberg F, Parkkila P, Volpe G, Höök F, Sundås Midtvedt D. Dual-Angle Interferometric Scattering Microscopy for Optical Multiparametric Particle Characterization. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:1874-1881. [PMID: 38295760 PMCID: PMC10870763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Traditional single-nanoparticle sizing using optical microscopy techniques assesses size via the diffusion constant, which requires suspended particles to be in a medium of known viscosity. However, these assumptions are typically not fulfilled in complex natural sample environments. Here, we introduce dual-angle interferometric scattering microscopy (DAISY), enabling optical quantification of both size and polarizability of individual nanoparticles (radius <170 nm) without requiring a priori information regarding the surrounding media or super-resolution imaging. DAISY achieves this by combining the information contained in concurrently measured forward and backward scattering images through twilight off-axis holography and interferometric scattering (iSCAT). Going beyond particle size and polarizability, single-particle morphology can be deduced from the fact that the hydrodynamic radius relates to the outer particle radius, while the scattering-based size estimate depends on the internal mass distribution of the particles. We demonstrate this by differentiating biomolecular fractal aggregates from spherical particles in fetal bovine serum at the single-particle level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Olsén
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Fredrik Skärberg
- Department
of Physics, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Petteri Parkkila
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Giovanni Volpe
- Department
of Physics, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Höök
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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8
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Shitrit N. Surface-emitting lasers meet metasurfaces. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:37. [PMID: 38296950 PMCID: PMC10831054 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01369-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The integration between vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers and metasurfaces has been demonstrated to enable on-chip high-angle illumination for total internal reflection and dark-field microscopy. Such an ultracompact combined laser-beam shaper system provides a versatile illumination module for high-contrast imaging, thus leveraging biophotonics and lab-on-a-chip devices and facilitating life-science applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Shitrit
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, 8410501, Israel.
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9
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Astratov VN, Sahel YB, Eldar YC, Huang L, Ozcan A, Zheludev N, Zhao J, Burns Z, Liu Z, Narimanov E, Goswami N, Popescu G, Pfitzner E, Kukura P, Hsiao YT, Hsieh CL, Abbey B, Diaspro A, LeGratiet A, Bianchini P, Shaked NT, Simon B, Verrier N, Debailleul M, Haeberlé O, Wang S, Liu M, Bai Y, Cheng JX, Kariman BS, Fujita K, Sinvani M, Zalevsky Z, Li X, Huang GJ, Chu SW, Tzang O, Hershkovitz D, Cheshnovsky O, Huttunen MJ, Stanciu SG, Smolyaninova VN, Smolyaninov II, Leonhardt U, Sahebdivan S, Wang Z, Luk’yanchuk B, Wu L, Maslov AV, Jin B, Simovski CR, Perrin S, Montgomery P, Lecler S. Roadmap on Label-Free Super-Resolution Imaging. LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS 2023; 17:2200029. [PMID: 38883699 PMCID: PMC11178318 DOI: 10.1002/lpor.202200029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Label-free super-resolution (LFSR) imaging relies on light-scattering processes in nanoscale objects without a need for fluorescent (FL) staining required in super-resolved FL microscopy. The objectives of this Roadmap are to present a comprehensive vision of the developments, the state-of-the-art in this field, and to discuss the resolution boundaries and hurdles which need to be overcome to break the classical diffraction limit of the LFSR imaging. The scope of this Roadmap spans from the advanced interference detection techniques, where the diffraction-limited lateral resolution is combined with unsurpassed axial and temporal resolution, to techniques with true lateral super-resolution capability which are based on understanding resolution as an information science problem, on using novel structured illumination, near-field scanning, and nonlinear optics approaches, and on designing superlenses based on nanoplasmonics, metamaterials, transformation optics, and microsphere-assisted approaches. To this end, this Roadmap brings under the same umbrella researchers from the physics and biomedical optics communities in which such studies have often been developing separately. The ultimate intent of this paper is to create a vision for the current and future developments of LFSR imaging based on its physical mechanisms and to create a great opening for the series of articles in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily N. Astratov
- Department of Physics and Optical Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223-0001, USA
| | - Yair Ben Sahel
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yonina C. Eldar
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Luzhe Huang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- California Nano Systems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- California Nano Systems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Nikolay Zheludev
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| | - Junxiang Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Zachary Burns
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Zhaowei Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Material Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Evgenii Narimanov
- School of Electrical Engineering, and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Neha Goswami
- Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Gabriel Popescu
- Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Emanuel Pfitzner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Philipp Kukura
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Yi-Teng Hsiao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica 1, Roosevelt Rd. Sec. 4, Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lung Hsieh
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica 1, Roosevelt Rd. Sec. 4, Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Brian Abbey
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alberto Diaspro
- Optical Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, CHT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen 83B, 16152 Genoa, Italy
- DIFILAB, Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Aymeric LeGratiet
- Optical Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, CHT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen 83B, 16152 Genoa, Italy
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON - UMR 6082, F-22305 Lannion, France
| | - Paolo Bianchini
- Optical Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, CHT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen 83B, 16152 Genoa, Italy
- DIFILAB, Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Natan T. Shaked
- Tel Aviv University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Bertrand Simon
- LP2N, Institut d’Optique Graduate School, CNRS UMR 5298, Université de Bordeaux, Talence France
| | - Nicolas Verrier
- IRIMAS UR UHA 7499, Université de Haute-Alsace, Mulhouse, France
| | | | - Olivier Haeberlé
- IRIMAS UR UHA 7499, Université de Haute-Alsace, Mulhouse, France
| | - Sheng Wang
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, China
| | - Mengkun Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, USA
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA
| | - Yeran Bai
- Boston University Photonics Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Boston University Photonics Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Behjat S. Kariman
- Optical Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, CHT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen 83B, 16152 Genoa, Italy
- DIFILAB, Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Katsumasa Fujita
- Department of Applied Physics and the Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory (AIST); and the Transdimensional Life Imaging Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Moshe Sinvani
- Faculty of Engineering and the Nano-Technology Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900 Israel
| | - Zeev Zalevsky
- Faculty of Engineering and the Nano-Technology Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900 Israel
| | - Xiangping Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guan-Jie Huang
- Department of Physics and Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Wei Chu
- Department of Physics and Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Omer Tzang
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler faculty of Exact Sciences, and the Center for Light matter Interactions, and the Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dror Hershkovitz
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler faculty of Exact Sciences, and the Center for Light matter Interactions, and the Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ori Cheshnovsky
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler faculty of Exact Sciences, and the Center for Light matter Interactions, and the Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Mikko J. Huttunen
- Laboratory of Photonics, Physics Unit, Tampere University, FI-33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Stefan G. Stanciu
- Center for Microscopy – Microanalysis and Information Processing, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vera N. Smolyaninova
- Department of Physics Astronomy and Geosciences, Towson University, 8000 York Rd., Towson, MD 21252, USA
| | - Igor I. Smolyaninov
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Ulf Leonhardt
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sahar Sahebdivan
- EMTensor GmbH, TechGate, Donau-City-Strasse 1, 1220 Wien, Austria
| | - Zengbo Wang
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 1UT, United Kingdom
| | - Boris Luk’yanchuk
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Limin Wu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Alexey V. Maslov
- Department of Radiophysics, University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, 603022, Russia
| | - Boya Jin
- Department of Physics and Optical Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223-0001, USA
| | - Constantin R. Simovski
- Department of Electronics and Nano-Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
- Faculty of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, 199034, St-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Stephane Perrin
- ICube Research Institute, University of Strasbourg - CNRS - INSA de Strasbourg, 300 Bd. Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Paul Montgomery
- ICube Research Institute, University of Strasbourg - CNRS - INSA de Strasbourg, 300 Bd. Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Sylvain Lecler
- ICube Research Institute, University of Strasbourg - CNRS - INSA de Strasbourg, 300 Bd. Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
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10
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Altenburger B, Andersson C, Levin S, Westerlund F, Fritzsche J, Langhammer C. Label-Free Imaging of Catalytic H 2O 2 Decomposition on Single Colloidal Pt Nanoparticles Using Nanofluidic Scattering Microscopy. ACS NANO 2023; 17:21030-21043. [PMID: 37847543 PMCID: PMC10655234 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Single-particle catalysis aims at determining factors that dictate the nanoparticle activity and selectivity. Existing methods often use fluorescent model reactions at low reactant concentrations, operate at low pressures, or rely on plasmonic enhancement effects. Hence, methods to measure single-nanoparticle activity under technically relevant conditions and without fluorescence or other enhancement mechanisms are still lacking. Here, we introduce nanofluidic scattering microscopy of catalytic reactions on single colloidal nanoparticles trapped inside nanofluidic channels to fill this gap. By detecting minuscule refractive index changes in a liquid flushed trough a nanochannel, we demonstrate that local H2O2 concentration changes in water can be accurately measured. Applying this principle, we analyze the H2O2 concentration profiles adjacent to single colloidal Pt nanoparticles during catalytic H2O2 decomposition into O2 and H2O and derive the particles' individual turnover frequencies from the growth rate of the O2 gas bubbles formed in their respective nanochannel during reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Altenburger
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carl Andersson
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sune Levin
- Department
of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of
Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Westerlund
- Department
of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of
Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joachim Fritzsche
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christoph Langhammer
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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11
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Liu N, Yao N, Wang S, Zhang Z, Ren T, Gao Y, Zhou X, Tong L, Zhang L. An optical nanofibre-enabled on-chip single-nanoparticle sensor. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4901-4908. [PMID: 37874569 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00499f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Single-nanoparticle detection has received tremendous interest due to its significance in fundamental physics and biological applications. Here, we demonstrate an optical nanofibre-enabled microfluidic sensor for the detection and sizing of nanoparticles. Benefitting from the strong evanescent field outside the nanofibre, a nanoparticle close to the nanofibre can scatter a portion of the field energy to the environment, resulting in a decrease in the transmitted intensity of the nanofibre. On the other hand, the narrow and shallow microfluidic channel provides a femtoliter-scale detection region, making nanoparticles flow through the detection region one by one. By real-time monitoring of the transmitted intensity of the nanofibre, the detection of a single polystyrene (PS) nanoparticle as small as 100 nm in diameter and exosomes in solution is realised. Based on a statistical analysis, the mean scattering signal is related to the size of the nanoparticle. Experimentally, a mixture of nanoparticles of different diameters (200, 500, and 1000 nm) in solution is identified. To demonstrate its potential in biological applications, high-throughput counting of yeasts using a pair of microchannels and dual-wavelength detection of fluorescently labelled nanoparticles are realised. We believe that the developed nanoparticle sensor holds great potential for the multiplexed and rapid sensing of diverse viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Ni Yao
- Research Center for Humanoid Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Shipeng Wang
- Research Center for Humanoid Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- Research Center for Intelligent Robotics, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Tanchen Ren
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Xuhao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Limin Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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12
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Juodėnas M, Strandberg E, Grabowski A, Gustavsson J, Šípová-Jungová H, Larsson A, Käll M. High-angle deflection of metagrating-integrated laser emission for high-contrast microscopy. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:251. [PMID: 37833318 PMCID: PMC10576095 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01286-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Flat metaoptics components are looking to replace classical optics elements and could lead to extremely compact biophotonics devices if integrated with on-chip light sources and detectors. However, using metasurfaces to shape light into wide angular range wavefronts with high efficiency, as is typically required in high-contrast microscopy applications, remains a challenge. Here we demonstrate curved GaAs metagratings integrated on vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) that enable on-chip illumination in total internal reflection and dark field microscopy. Based on an unconventional design that circumvents the aspect ratio dependent etching problems in monolithic integration, we demonstrate off-axis emission centred at 60° in air and 63° in glass with > 90% and > 70% relative deflection efficiency, respectively. The resulting laser beam is collimated out-of-plane but maintains Gaussian divergence in-plane, resulting in a long and narrow illumination area. We show that metagrating-integrated VCSELs of different kinds can be combined to enable rapid switching between dark-field and total internal reflection illumination. Our approach provides a versatile illumination solution for high-contrast imaging that is compatible with conventional microscopy setups and can be integrated with biophotonics devices, such as portable microscopy, NIR-II range bioimaging, and lab-on-a-chip devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindaugas Juodėnas
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Erik Strandberg
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexander Grabowski
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Gustavsson
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hana Šípová-Jungová
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Larsson
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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13
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Kabashin AV, Kravets VG, Grigorenko AN. Label-free optical biosensing: going beyond the limits. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6554-6585. [PMID: 37681251 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00155e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Label-free optical biosensing holds great promise for a variety of applications in biomedical diagnostics, environmental and food safety, and security. It is already used as a key tool in the investigation of biomolecular binding events and reaction constants in real time and offers further potential additional functionalities and low-cost designs. However, the sensitivity of this technology does not match the routinely used but expensive and slow labelling methods. Therefore, label-free optical biosensing remains predominantly a research tool. Here we discuss how one can go beyond the limits of detection provided by standard optical biosensing platforms and achieve a sensitivity of label-free biosensing that is superior to labelling methods. To this end we review newly emerging optical implementations that overcome current sensitivity barriers by employing novel structural architectures, artificial materials (metamaterials and hetero-metastructures) and using phase of light as a sensing parameter. Furthermore, we elucidate the mechanism of plasmonic phase biosensing and review hyper-sensitive transducers, which can achieve detection limits at the single molecule level (less than 1 fg mm-2) and make it possible to detect analytes at several orders of magnitude lower concentrations than so far reported in literature. We finally discuss newly emerging layouts based on dielectric nanomaterials, bound states in continuum, and exceptional points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V Kabashin
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7341 CNRS, LP3, Campus de Luminy-case 917, 13288, Marseille Cedex 9, France.
| | - Vasyl G Kravets
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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14
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Becker J, Peters JS, Crooks I, Helmi S, Synakewicz M, Schuler B, Kukura P. A Quantitative Description for Optical Mass Measurement of Single Biomolecules. ACS PHOTONICS 2023; 10:2699-2710. [PMID: 37602293 PMCID: PMC10436351 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Label-free detection of single biomolecules in solution has been achieved using a variety of experimental approaches over the past decade. Yet, our understanding of the magnitude of the optical contrast and its relationship with the underlying atomic structure as well as the achievable measurement sensitivity and precision remain poorly defined. Here, we use a Fourier optics approach combined with an atomic structure-based molecular polarizability model to simulate mass photometry experiments from first principles. We find excellent agreement between several key experimentally determined parameters such as optical contrast-to-mass conversion, achievable mass accuracy, and molecular shape and orientation dependence. This allows us to determine detection sensitivity and measurement precision mostly independent of the optical detection approach chosen, resulting in a general framework for light-based single-molecule detection and quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Becker
- The
Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K.
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K.
| | - Jack S. Peters
- The
Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K.
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K.
| | - Ivor Crooks
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K.
| | - Seham Helmi
- The
Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K.
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K.
| | - Marie Synakewicz
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Schuler
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
- Department
of Physics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Kukura
- The
Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K.
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K.
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15
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Zhang P, Zhou X, Wang S. Plasmonic Scattering Microscopy for Label-Free Imaging of Molecular Binding Kinetics: From Single Molecules to Single Cells. CHEMISTRY METHODS : NEW APPROACHES TO SOLVING PROBLEMS IN CHEMISTRY 2023; 3:e202200066. [PMID: 37448471 PMCID: PMC10344632 DOI: 10.1002/cmtd.202200066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Measuring molecular binding kinetics represents one of the most important tasks in molecular interaction analysis. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a popular tool for analyzing molecular binding. Plasmonic scattering microscopy (PSM) is a newly developed SPR imaging technology, which detects the out-of-plane scattering of surface plasmons by analytes and has pushed the detection limit of label-free SPR imaging down to a single-protein level. In addition, PSM also allows SPR imaging with high spatiotemporal resolution, making it possible to analyze cellular response to the molecular bindings. In this Mini Review, we present PSM as a method of choice for chemical and biological imaging, introduce its theoretical mechanism, present its experimental schemes, summarize its exciting applications, and discuss its challenges as well as the promising future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhang
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287 (USA)
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (P. R. China)
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287 (USA)
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 (USA)
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287 (USA)
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 (USA)
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16
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Wang L, Wang D, Ye Z, Xu J. Engineering Extracellular Vesicles as Delivery Systems in Therapeutic Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300552. [PMID: 37080941 PMCID: PMC10265081 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are transport vesicles secreted by living cells and released into the extracellular environment. Recent studies have shown that EVs serve as "messengers" in intercellular and inter-organismal communication, in both normal and pathological processes. EVs, as natural nanocarriers, can deliver bioactivators in therapy with their endogenous transport properties. This review article describes the engineering EVs of sources, isolation method, cargo loading, boosting approach, and adjustable targeting of EVs. Furthermore, the review summarizes the recent progress made in EV-based delivery systems applications, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, liver, kidney, nervous system diseases, and COVID-19 and emphasizes the obstacles and challenges of EV-based therapies and possible strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgerythe Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgerythe Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
| | - Zhaoming Ye
- Department of Orthopedic Surgerythe Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
| | - Jianbin Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgerythe Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
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17
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Dahmardeh M, Mirzaalian Dastjerdi H, Mazal H, Köstler H, Sandoghdar V. Self-supervised machine learning pushes the sensitivity limit in label-free detection of single proteins below 10 kDa. Nat Methods 2023; 20:442-447. [PMID: 36849549 PMCID: PMC9998267 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-01778-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Interferometric scattering (iSCAT) microscopy is a label-free optical method capable of detecting single proteins, localizing their binding positions with nanometer precision, and measuring their mass. In the ideal case, iSCAT is limited by shot noise such that collection of more photons should extend its detection sensitivity to biomolecules of arbitrarily low mass. However, a number of technical noise sources combined with speckle-like background fluctuations have restricted the detection limit in iSCAT. Here, we show that an unsupervised machine learning isolation forest algorithm for anomaly detection pushes the mass sensitivity limit by a factor of 4 to below 10 kDa. We implement this scheme both with a user-defined feature matrix and a self-supervised FastDVDNet and validate our results with correlative fluorescence images recorded in total internal reflection mode. Our work opens the door to optical investigations of small traces of biomolecules and disease markers such as α-synuclein, chemokines and cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahyar Dahmardeh
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany.,Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Houman Mirzaalian Dastjerdi
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany.,Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Computer Science, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hisham Mazal
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany.,Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Köstler
- Department of Computer Science, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Erlangen National High Performance Computing Center (NHR@FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vahid Sandoghdar
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany. .,Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany. .,Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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18
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Zhang Z, Sun Y, Yang Y, Yang X, Wang H, Yun Y, Pan X, Lian Z, Kuzmin A, Ponkratova E, Mikhailova J, Xie Z, Chen X, Pan Q, Chen B, Xie H, Wu T, Chen S, Chi J, Liu F, Zuev D, Su M, Song Y. Rapid Identification and Monitoring of Multiple Bacterial Infections Using Printed Nanoarrays. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211363. [PMID: 36626679 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fast and accurate detection of microbial cells in clinical samples is highly valuable but remains a challenge. Here, a simple, culture-free diagnostic system is developed for direct detection of pathogenic bacteria in water, urine, and serum samples using an optical colorimetric biosensor. It consists of printed nanoarrays chemically conjugated with specific antibodies that exhibits distinct color changes after capturing target pathogens. By utilizing the internal capillarity inside an evaporating droplet, target preconcentration is achieved within a few minutes to enable rapid identification and more efficient detection of bacterial pathogens. More importantly, the scattering signals of bacteria are significantly amplified by the nanoarrays due to strong near-field localization, which supports a visualizable analysis of the growth, reproduction, and cell activity of bacteria at the single-cell level. Finally, in addition to high selectivity, this nanoarray-based biosensor is also capable of accurate quantification and continuous monitoring of bacterial load on food over a broad linear range, with a detection limit of 10 CFU mL-1 . This work provides an accessible and user-friendly tool for point-of-care testing of pathogens in many clinical and environmental applications, and possibly enables a breakthrough in early prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yali Sun
- School of Physics, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Yaqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), P. R. China
| | - Xu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), P. R. China
| | - Huadong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), P. R. China
| | - Yang Yun
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), P. R. China
| | - Zewei Lian
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), P. R. China
| | - Artem Kuzmin
- School of Physics, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | | | - Julia Mikhailova
- School of Physics, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Zian Xie
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), P. R. China
| | - Xiaoran Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), P. R. China
| | - Qi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Bingda Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hongfei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), P. R. China
| | - Tingqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), P. R. China
| | - Sisi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), P. R. China
| | - Jimei Chi
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), P. R. China
| | - Fangyi Liu
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, the fifth medical center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Dmitry Zuev
- School of Physics, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Meng Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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19
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Roy P, Claude JB, Tiwari S, Barulin A, Wenger J. Ultraviolet Nanophotonics Enables Autofluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy on Label-Free Proteins with a Single Tryptophan. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:497-504. [PMID: 36603115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Using the ultraviolet autofluorescence of tryptophan amino acids offers fascinating perspectives to study single proteins without the drawbacks of fluorescence labeling. However, the low autofluorescence signals have so far limited the UV detection to large proteins containing several tens of tryptophan residues. This limit is not compatible with the vast majority of proteins which contain only a few tryptophans. Here we push the sensitivity of label-free ultraviolet fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (UV-FCS) down to the single tryptophan level. Our results show how the combination of nanophotonic plasmonic antennas, antioxidants, and background reduction techniques can improve the signal-to-background ratio by over an order of magnitude and enable UV-FCS on thermonuclease proteins with a single tryptophan residue. This sensitivity breakthrough unlocks the applicability of UV-FCS technique to a broad library of label-free proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prithu Roy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, AMUTech, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Benoît Claude
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, AMUTech, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Sunny Tiwari
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, AMUTech, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Aleksandr Barulin
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, AMUTech, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Jérôme Wenger
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, AMUTech, 13013 Marseille, France
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20
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Ortiz-Orruño U, Quidant R, van Hulst NF, Liebel M, Ortega Arroyo J. Simultaneous Sizing and Refractive Index Analysis of Heterogeneous Nanoparticle Suspensions. ACS NANO 2023; 17:221-229. [PMID: 36525614 PMCID: PMC9835976 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and reliable characterization of heterogeneous nanoparticle suspensions is a key technology across the nanosciences. Although approaches exist for homogeneous samples, they are often unsuitable for polydisperse suspensions, as particles of different sizes and compositions can lead to indistinguishable signals at the detector. Here, we introduce holographic nanoparticle tracking analysis, holoNTA, as a straightforward methodology that decouples size and material refractive index contributions. HoloNTA is applicable to any heterogeneous nanoparticle sample and has the sensitivity to measure the intrinsic heterogeneity of the sample. Specifically, we combined high dynamic range k-space imaging with holographic 3D single-particle tracking. This strategy enables long-term tracking by extending the imaging volume and delivers precise and accurate estimates of both scattering amplitude and diffusion coefficient of individual nanoparticles, from which particle refractive index and hydrodynamic size are determined. We specifically demonstrate, by simulations and experiments, that irrespective of localization uncertainty and size, the sizing sensitivity is improved as our extended detection volume yields considerably longer particle trajectories than previously reported by comparable technologies. As validation, we measured both homogeneous and heterogeneous suspensions of nanoparticles in the 40-250 nm size range and further monitored protein corona formation, where we identified subtle differences between the nanoparticle-protein complexes derived from avidin, bovine serum albumin, and streptavidin. We foresee that our approach will find many applications of both fundamental and applied nature where routine quantification and sizing of nanoparticles are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unai Ortiz-Orruño
- ICFO,
Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science
and Technology, Castelldefels08860, Spain
| | - Romain Quidant
- Nanophotonic
Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich8092, Switzerland
| | - Niek F. van Hulst
- ICFO,
Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science
and Technology, Castelldefels08860, Spain
- ICREA,
Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona08010, Spain
| | - Matz Liebel
- ICFO,
Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science
and Technology, Castelldefels08860, Spain
| | - Jaime Ortega Arroyo
- Nanophotonic
Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich8092, Switzerland
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21
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Zhang X, Gao J, Wang X, Wang S, Jiang B, Wang W, Wang H. Determining the Local Refractive Index of Single Particles by Optical Imaging Technique. Anal Chem 2022; 94:17741-17745. [PMID: 36520603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The refractive index points to the interplay between light and objects, which is rarely studied down to micronano scale. Herein, we demonstrated a conventional bright-field imaging technique to determine the local refractive index of single particles combined with a series of refractive index standard solutions. This intrinsic optical property is independent with the particle size and surface roughness with a single chemical component. Furthermore, we accurately tuned refractive index of homemade core-shell nanoparticles by adjusting the ratio of core-to-shell geometry. This simple and effective strategy reveals extensive applications in exploring, designing and optimizing the physical and optical characterizations of composite photonic crystals with high precision. It also indicates potentials in the field of reflective displays, optical identification, and encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Jia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Sa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
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22
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Single planar photonic chip with tailored angular transmission for multiple-order analog spatial differentiator. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7944. [PMID: 36572704 PMCID: PMC9792592 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35588-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Analog spatial differentiation is used to realize edge-based enhancement, which plays an important role in data compression, microscopy, and computer vision applications. Here, a planar chip made from dielectric multilayers is proposed to operate as both first- and second-order spatial differentiator without any need to change the structural parameters. Third- and fourth-order differentiations that have never been realized before, are also experimentally demonstrated with this chip. A theoretical analysis is proposed to explain the experimental results, which furtherly reveals that more differentiations can be achieved. Taking advantages of its differentiation capability, when this chip is incorporated into conventional imaging systems as a substrate, it enhances the edges of features in optical amplitude and phase images, thus expanding the functions of standard microscopes. This planar chip offers the advantages of a thin form factor and a multifunctional wave-based analogue computing ability, which will bring opportunities in optical imaging and computing.
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23
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Midtvedt B, Pineda J, Skärberg F, Olsén E, Bachimanchi H, Wesén E, Esbjörner EK, Selander E, Höök F, Midtvedt D, Volpe G. Single-shot self-supervised object detection in microscopy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7492. [PMID: 36470883 PMCID: PMC9722899 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35004-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Object detection is a fundamental task in digital microscopy, where machine learning has made great strides in overcoming the limitations of classical approaches. The training of state-of-the-art machine-learning methods almost universally relies on vast amounts of labeled experimental data or the ability to numerically simulate realistic datasets. However, experimental data are often challenging to label and cannot be easily reproduced numerically. Here, we propose a deep-learning method, named LodeSTAR (Localization and detection from Symmetries, Translations And Rotations), that learns to detect microscopic objects with sub-pixel accuracy from a single unlabeled experimental image by exploiting the inherent roto-translational symmetries of this task. We demonstrate that LodeSTAR outperforms traditional methods in terms of accuracy, also when analyzing challenging experimental data containing densely packed cells or noisy backgrounds. Furthermore, by exploiting additional symmetries we show that LodeSTAR can measure other properties, e.g., vertical position and polarizability in holographic microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Midtvedt
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jesús Pineda
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Skärberg
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Olsén
- grid.5371.00000 0001 0775 6028Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Harshith Bachimanchi
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emelie Wesén
- grid.5371.00000 0001 0775 6028Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elin K. Esbjörner
- grid.5371.00000 0001 0775 6028Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Selander
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Höök
- grid.5371.00000 0001 0775 6028Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Midtvedt
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Giovanni Volpe
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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