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Surala M, Soso-Zdravkovic L, Munro D, Rifat A, Ouk K, Vida I, Priller J, Madry C. Lifelong absence of microglia alters hippocampal glutamatergic networks but not synapse and spine density. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:2348-2374. [PMID: 38589666 PMCID: PMC11094096 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00130-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia sculpt developing neural circuits by eliminating excess synapses in a process called synaptic pruning, by removing apoptotic neurons, and by promoting neuronal survival. To elucidate the role of microglia during embryonic and postnatal brain development, we used a mouse model deficient in microglia throughout life by deletion of the fms-intronic regulatory element (FIRE) in the Csf1r locus. Surprisingly, young adult Csf1rΔFIRE/ΔFIRE mice display no changes in excitatory and inhibitory synapse number and spine density of CA1 hippocampal neurons compared with Csf1r+/+ littermates. However, CA1 neurons are less excitable, receive less CA3 excitatory input and show altered synaptic properties, but this does not affect novel object recognition. Cytokine profiling indicates an anti-inflammatory state along with increases in ApoE levels and reactive astrocytes containing synaptic markers in Csf1rΔFIRE/ΔFIRE mice. Notably, these changes in Csf1rΔFIRE/ΔFIRE mice closely resemble the effects of acute microglial depletion in adult mice after normal development. Our findings suggest that microglia are not mandatory for synaptic pruning, and that in their absence pruning can be achieved by other mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Surala
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Neurophysiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luna Soso-Zdravkovic
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Neurophysiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Munro
- University of Edinburgh and UK Dementia Research Institute, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Ali Rifat
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Neurophysiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Koliane Ouk
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Neuropsychiatry and Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Imre Vida
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute for Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- University of Edinburgh and UK Dementia Research Institute, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Neuropsychiatry and Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- DZNE Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich and German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Christian Madry
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Neurophysiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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Kim YS, Choi SH, Kim KY, Navia-Pelaez JM, Perkins GA, Choi S, Kim J, Nazarenkov N, Rissman RA, Ju WK, Ellisman MH, Miller YI. AIBP controls TLR4 inflammarafts and mitochondrial dysfunction in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.16.580751. [PMID: 38586011 PMCID: PMC10996524 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.16.580751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Microglia-driven neuroinflammation plays an important role in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microglia activation is accompanied by the formation and chronic maintenance of TLR4 inflammarafts, defined as enlarged and cholesterol-rich lipid rafts serving as an assembly platform for TLR4 dimers and complexes of other inflammatory receptors. The secreted apoA-I binding protein (APOA1BP or AIBP) binds TLR4 and selectively targets cholesterol depletion machinery to TLR4 inflammaraft expressing inflammatory, but not homeostatic microglia. Here we demonstrated that amyloid-beta (Aβ) induced formation of TLR4 inflammarafts in microglia in vitro and in the brain of APP/PS1 mice. Mitochondria in Apoa1bp-/- APP/PS1 microglia were hyperbranched and cupped, which was accompanied by increased ROS and the dilated ER. The size and number of Aβ plaques and neuronal cell death were significantly increased, and the animal survival was decreased in Apoa1bp-/- APP/PS1 compared to APP/PS1 female mice. These results suggest that AIBP exerts control of TLR4 inflammarafts and mitochondrial dynamics in microglia and plays a protective role in AD associated oxidative stress and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sak Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Soo-Ho Choi
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Keun-Young Kim
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | | | - Guy A. Perkins
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Seunghwan Choi
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jungsu Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Nicolaus Nazarenkov
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Robert A. Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Won-Kyu Ju
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Mark H. Ellisman
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yury I. Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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Li W, Tiedt S, Lawrence JH, Harrington ME, Musiek ES, Lo EH. Circadian Biology and the Neurovascular Unit. Circ Res 2024; 134:748-769. [PMID: 38484026 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.323514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian physiology and cellular function are subject to significant oscillations over the course of every 24-hour day. It is likely that these daily rhythms will affect function as well as mechanisms of disease in the central nervous system. In this review, we attempt to survey and synthesize emerging studies that investigate how circadian biology may influence the neurovascular unit. We examine how circadian clocks may operate in neural, glial, and vascular compartments, review how circadian mechanisms regulate cell-cell signaling, assess interactions with aging and vascular comorbidities, and finally ask whether and how circadian effects and disruptions in rhythms may influence the risk and progression of pathophysiology in cerebrovascular disease. Overcoming identified challenges and leveraging opportunities for future research might support the development of novel circadian-based treatments for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlu Li
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (W.L., E.H.L.)
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC, Munich, Germany (W.L., S.T., J.H.L., M.E.H., E.S.M., E.H.L.)
| | - Steffen Tiedt
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC, Munich, Germany (W.L., S.T., J.H.L., M.E.H., E.S.M., E.H.L.)
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany (S.T.)
| | - Jennifer H Lawrence
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC, Munich, Germany (W.L., S.T., J.H.L., M.E.H., E.S.M., E.H.L.)
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (J.H.L., E.S.M.)
| | - Mary E Harrington
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC, Munich, Germany (W.L., S.T., J.H.L., M.E.H., E.S.M., E.H.L.)
- Neuroscience Program, Smith College, Northampton, MA (M.E.H.)
| | - Erik S Musiek
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC, Munich, Germany (W.L., S.T., J.H.L., M.E.H., E.S.M., E.H.L.)
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (J.H.L., E.S.M.)
| | - Eng H Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (W.L., E.H.L.)
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC, Munich, Germany (W.L., S.T., J.H.L., M.E.H., E.S.M., E.H.L.)
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4
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Durán Laforet V, Schafer DP. Microglia: Activity-dependent regulators of neural circuits. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2024; 1533:38-50. [PMID: 38294960 PMCID: PMC10976428 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
It has been more than a century since Pío del Río-Hortega first characterized microglia in histological stains of brain tissue. Since then, significant advances have been made in understanding the role of these resident central nervous system (CNS) macrophages. In particular, it is now known that microglia can sense neural activity and modulate neuronal circuits accordingly. We review the mechanisms by which microglia detect changes in neural activity to then modulate synapse numbers in the developing and mature CNS. This includes responses to both spontaneous and experience-driven neural activity. We further discuss activity-dependent mechanisms by which microglia regulate synaptic function and neural circuit excitability. Together, our discussion provides a comprehensive review of the activity-dependent functions of microglia within neural circuits in the healthy CNS, and highlights exciting new open questions related to understanding more fully microglia as key components and regulators of neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Durán Laforet
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dorothy P Schafer
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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5
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Zhao S, Umpierre AD, Wu LJ. Tuning neural circuits and behaviors by microglia in the adult brain. Trends Neurosci 2024; 47:181-194. [PMID: 38245380 PMCID: PMC10939815 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Microglia are the primary immune cells of the CNS, contributing to both inflammatory damage and tissue repair in neurological disorder. In addition, emerging evidence highlights the role of homeostatic microglia in regulating neuronal activity, interacting with synapses, tuning neural circuits, and modulating behaviors. Herein, we review how microglia sense and regulate neuronal activity through synaptic interactions, thereby directly engaging with neural networks and behaviors. We discuss current studies utilizing microglial optogenetic and chemogenetic approaches to modulate adult neural circuits. These manipulations of microglia across different CNS regions lead to diverse behavioral consequences. We propose that spatial heterogeneity of microglia-neuron interaction lays the groundwork for understanding diverse functions of microglia in neural circuits and behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyi Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Long-Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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6
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Liu Y, Jia N, Tang C, Long H, Wang J. Microglia in Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: A Hub in Epilepsy. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04022-w. [PMID: 38366306 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04022-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
There is growing concern about the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neurological illnesses, and it makes sense to consider microglia as a critical component of this axis in the context of epilepsy. Microglia, which reside in the central nervous system, are dynamic guardians that monitor brain homeostasis. Microglia receive information from the gut microbiota and function as hubs that may be involved in triggering epileptic seizures. Vagus nerve bridges the communication in the axis. Essential axis signaling molecules, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid, 5-hydroxytryptamin, and short-chain fatty acids, are currently under investigation for their participation in drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). In this review, we explain how vagus nerve connects the gut microbiota to microglia in the brain and discuss the emerging concepts derived from this interaction. Understanding microbiota-gut-brain axis in epilepsy brings hope for DRE therapies. Future treatments can focus on the modulatory effect of the axis and target microglia in solving DRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- The First Clinical Medicine College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Neural Networks Surgery Team, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ningkang Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Neural Networks Surgery Team, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medicine College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuqi Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- The First Clinical Medicine College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Neural Networks Surgery Team, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- The First Clinical Medicine College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- The First Clinical Medicine College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Neural Networks Surgery Team, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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7
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Zhao S, Wang L, Liang Y, Zheng J, Umpierre AD, Wu LJ. Chemogenetic activation of microglial Gi signaling decreases microglial surveillance and impairs neuronal synchronization. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.12.579861. [PMID: 38405754 PMCID: PMC10888941 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.12.579861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Microglia actively survey the brain and dynamically interact with neurons to maintain brain homeostasis. Microglial Gi-protein coupled receptors (Gi-GPCRs) play a critical role in microglia-neuron communications. However, the impact of temporally activating microglial Gi signaling on microglial dynamics and neuronal activity in the homeostatic brain remains largely unknown. In this study, we employed Gi-based Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (Gi-DREADD) to selectively and temporally modulate microglial Gi signaling pathway. By integrating this chemogenetic approach with in vivo two-photon imaging, we observed that exogenous activation of microglial Gi signaling transiently inhibited microglial process dynamics, reduced neuronal activity, and impaired neuronal synchronization. These altered neuronal functions were associated with a decrease in interactions between microglia and neuron somata. Altogether, this study demonstrates that acute, exogenous activation of microglial Gi signaling can regulate neuronal circuit function, offering a potential pharmacological target for neuromodulation through microglia.
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Ma C, Li B, Silverman D, Ding X, Li A, Xiao C, Huang G, Worden K, Muroy S, Chen W, Xu Z, Tso CF, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Luo Q, Saijo K, Dan Y. Microglia regulate sleep through calcium-dependent modulation of norepinephrine transmission. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:249-258. [PMID: 38238430 PMCID: PMC10849959 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01548-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Sleep interacts reciprocally with immune system activity, but its specific relationship with microglia-the resident immune cells in the brain-remains poorly understood. Here, we show in mice that microglia can regulate sleep through a mechanism involving Gi-coupled GPCRs, intracellular Ca2+ signaling and suppression of norepinephrine transmission. Chemogenetic activation of microglia Gi signaling strongly promoted sleep, whereas pharmacological blockade of Gi-coupled P2Y12 receptors decreased sleep. Two-photon imaging in the cortex showed that P2Y12-Gi activation elevated microglia intracellular Ca2+, and blockade of this Ca2+ elevation largely abolished the Gi-induced sleep increase. Microglia Ca2+ level also increased at natural wake-to-sleep transitions, caused partly by reduced norepinephrine levels. Furthermore, imaging of norepinephrine with its biosensor in the cortex showed that microglia P2Y12-Gi activation significantly reduced norepinephrine levels, partly by increasing the adenosine concentration. These findings indicate that microglia can regulate sleep through reciprocal interactions with norepinephrine transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyan Ma
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Bing Li
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Silverman
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Xinlu Ding
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Anan Li
- Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Research Unit of Multimodal Cross Scale Neural Signal Detection and Imaging, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainmatics, JITRI, Suzhou, China
| | - Chi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Ganghua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Kurtresha Worden
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Muroy
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Zhengchao Xu
- Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chak Foon Tso
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- , Sunnyvale, CA, USA
| | - Yixuan Huang
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yufan Zhang
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Qingming Luo
- Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Research Unit of Multimodal Cross Scale Neural Signal Detection and Imaging, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainmatics, JITRI, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Kaoru Saijo
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yang Dan
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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9
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Coffey KR, Neumaier JF. A unique role for cAMP signaling in microglia during opioid tolerance and withdrawal. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:331-332. [PMID: 37507509 PMCID: PMC10700564 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01685-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Coffey
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - John F Neumaier
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Puget Sound VA Health Care System, 1660 S Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
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Dheer A, Bosco DB, Zheng J, Wang L, Zhao S, Haruwaka K, Yi MH, Barath A, Tian DS, Wu LJ. Chemogenetic approaches reveal dual functions of microglia in seizures. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 115:406-418. [PMID: 37926132 PMCID: PMC10841657 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are key players in maintaining brain homeostasis and exhibit phenotypic alterations in response to epileptic stimuli. However, it is still relatively unknown if these alterations are pro- or anti-epileptic. To unravel this dilemma, we employed chemogenetic manipulation of microglia using the artificial Gi-Dreadd receptor within a kainic acid (KA) induced murine seizure model. Our results indicate that acute Gi-Dreadd activation with Clozapine-N-Oxide can reduce seizure severity. Additionally, we observed increased interaction between microglia and neuronal soma, which correlated with reduced neuronal hyperactivity. Interestingly, prolonged activation of microglial Gi-Dreadds by repeated doses of CNO over 3 days, arrested microglia in a less active, homeostatic-like state, which associated with increased neuronal loss after KA induced seizures. RNAseq analysis revealed that prolonged activation of Gi-Dreadd interferes with interferon β signaling and microglia proliferation. Thus, our findings highlight the importance of microglial Gi signaling not only during status epilepticus (SE) but also within later seizure induced pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aastha Dheer
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dale B Bosco
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jiaying Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Shunyi Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Min-Hee Yi
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Abhijeet Barath
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dai-Shi Tian
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Long-Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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11
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Que Z, Olivero-Acosta MI, Chen I, Zhang J, Wettschurack K, Wu J, Xiao T, Otterbacher CM, Wang M, Harlow H, Cui N, Chen X, Deming B, Halurkar M, Zhao Y, Rochet JC, Xu R, Brewster AL, Wu LJ, Yuan C, Skarnes WC, Yang Y. Human iPSC-derived microglia sense and dampen hyperexcitability of cortical neurons carrying the epilepsy-associated SCN2A-L1342P mutation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.26.563426. [PMID: 37961213 PMCID: PMC10634902 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.26.563426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal hyperexcitability is a hallmark of seizures. It has been recently shown in rodent models of seizures that microglia, the brain's resident immune cells, can respond to and modulate neuronal excitability. However, how human microglia interacts with human neurons to regulate hyperexcitability mediated by epilepsy-causing genetic mutation found in human patients remains unknown. The SCN2A genetic locus is responsible for encoding the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.2, recognized as one of the leading contributors to monogenic epilepsies. Previously, we demonstrated that the recurring Nav1.2-L1342P mutation identified in patients with epilepsy leads to hyperexcitability in a hiPSC-derived cortical neuron model from a male donor. While microglia play an important role in the brain, these cells originate from a different lineage (yolk sac) and thus are not naturally present in hiPSCs-derived neuronal culture. To study how microglia respond to diseased neurons and influence neuronal excitability, we established a co-culture model comprising hiPSC-derived neurons and microglia. We found that microglia display altered morphology with increased branch length and enhanced calcium signal when co-cultured with neurons carrying the Nav1.2-L1342P mutation. Moreover, the presence of microglia significantly lowers the action potential firing of neurons carrying the mutation. Interestingly, we further demonstrated that the current density of sodium channels in neurons carrying the epilepsy-associated mutation was reduced in the presence of microglia. Taken together, our work reveals a critical role of human iPSCs-derived microglia in sensing and dampening hyperexcitability mediated by an epilepsy-causing mutation present in human neurons, highlighting the importance of neuron-microglia interactions in human pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhefu Que
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience (PIIN), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Maria I. Olivero-Acosta
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience (PIIN), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Ian Chen
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience (PIIN), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Jingliang Zhang
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience (PIIN), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Kyle Wettschurack
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience (PIIN), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Jiaxiang Wu
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience (PIIN), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Tiange Xiao
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience (PIIN), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - C. Max Otterbacher
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience (PIIN), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Muhan Wang
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience (PIIN), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Hope Harlow
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience (PIIN), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Ningren Cui
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience (PIIN), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience (PIIN), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Brody Deming
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience (PIIN), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Manasi Halurkar
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience (PIIN), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Yuanrui Zhao
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience (PIIN), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Jean-Christophe Rochet
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience (PIIN), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Ranjie Xu
- Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Amy L. Brewster
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas TX 75205
| | - Long-jun Wu
- Department of Neurology at Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN 55905
| | - Chongli Yuan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | | | - Yang Yang
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience (PIIN), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
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12
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Weilinger NL, Yang K, Choi HB, Groten CJ, Wendt S, Murugan M, Wicki-Stordeur LE, Bernier LP, Velayudhan PS, Zheng J, LeDue JM, Rungta RL, Tyson JR, Snutch TP, Wu LJ, MacVicar BA. Pannexin-1 opening in neuronal edema causes cell death but also leads to protection via increased microglia contacts. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113128. [PMID: 37742194 PMCID: PMC10824275 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal swelling during cytotoxic edema is triggered by Na+ and Cl- entry and is Ca2+ independent. However, the causes of neuronal death during swelling are unknown. Here, we investigate the role of large-conductance Pannexin-1 (Panx1) channels in neuronal death during cytotoxic edema. Panx1 channel inhibitors reduce and delay neuronal death in swelling triggered by voltage-gated Na+ entry with veratridine. Neuronal swelling causes downstream production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that opens Panx1 channels. We confirm that ROS activates Panx1 currents with whole-cell electrophysiology and find scavenging ROS is neuroprotective. Panx1 opening and subsequent ATP release attract microglial processes to contact swelling neurons. Depleting microglia using the CSF1 receptor antagonist PLX3397 or blocking P2Y12 receptors exacerbates neuronal death, suggesting that the Panx1-ATP-dependent microglia contacts are neuroprotective. We conclude that cytotoxic edema triggers oxidative stress in neurons that opens Panx1 to trigger death but also initiates neuroprotective feedback mediated by microglia contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas L Weilinger
- Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Hyun B Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Christopher J Groten
- Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Stefan Wendt
- Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | | | - Leigh E Wicki-Stordeur
- Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Louis-Philippe Bernier
- Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Prashanth S Velayudhan
- Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jiaying Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jeffrey M LeDue
- Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ravi L Rungta
- Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Stomatology and Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - John R Tyson
- Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Terrance P Snutch
- Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Long-Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Brian A MacVicar
- Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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13
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Zhu H, Guan A, Liu J, Peng L, Zhang Z, Wang S. Noteworthy perspectives on microglia in neuropsychiatric disorders. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:223. [PMID: 37794488 PMCID: PMC10548593 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are so versatile that they not only provide immune surveillance for central nervous system, but participate in neural circuitry development, brain blood vessels formation, blood-brain barrier architecture, and intriguingly, the regulation of emotions and behaviors. Microglia have a profound impact on neuronal survival, brain wiring and synaptic plasticity. As professional phagocytic cells in the brain, they remove dead cell debris and neurotoxic agents via an elaborate mechanism. The functional profile of microglia varies considerately depending on age, gender, disease context and other internal or external environmental factors. Numerous studies have demonstrated a pivotal involvement of microglia in neuropsychiatric disorders, including negative affection, social deficit, compulsive behavior, fear memory, pain and other symptoms associated with major depression disorder, anxiety disorder, autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. In this review, we summarized the latest discoveries regarding microglial ontogeny, cell subtypes or state spectrum, biological functions and mechanistic underpinnings of emotional and behavioral disorders. Furthermore, we highlight the potential of microglia-targeted therapies of neuropsychiatric disorders, and propose outstanding questions to be addressed in future research of human microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
| | - Ao Guan
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jiayuan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
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14
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Das M, Mao W, Voskobiynyk Y, Necula D, Lew I, Petersen C, Zahn A, Yu GQ, Yu X, Smith N, Sayed FA, Gan L, Paz JT, Mucke L. Alzheimer risk-increasing TREM2 variant causes aberrant cortical synapse density and promotes network hyperexcitability in mouse models. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 186:106263. [PMID: 37591465 PMCID: PMC10681293 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The R47H variant of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To investigate potential mechanisms, we analyzed knockin mice expressing human TREM2-R47H from one mutant mouse Trem2 allele. TREM2-R47H mice showed increased seizure activity in response to an acute excitotoxin challenge, compared to wildtype controls or knockin mice expressing the common variant of human TREM2. TREM2-R47H also increased spontaneous thalamocortical epileptiform activity in App knockin mice expressing amyloid precursor proteins bearing autosomal dominant AD mutations and a humanized amyloid-β sequence. In mice with or without such App modifications, TREM2-R47H increased the density of putative synapses in cortical regions without amyloid plaques. TREM2-R47H did not affect synaptic density in hippocampal regions with or without plaques. We conclude that TREM2-R47H increases AD-related network hyperexcitability and that it may do so, at least in part, by causing an imbalance in synaptic densities across brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Das
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Wenjie Mao
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yuliya Voskobiynyk
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Deanna Necula
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Irene Lew
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Cathrine Petersen
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Allie Zahn
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Gui-Qiu Yu
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Xinxing Yu
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Nicholas Smith
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Faten A Sayed
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Li Gan
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jeanne T Paz
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lennart Mucke
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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15
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Xie Z, Meng J, Wu Z, Nakanishi H, Hayashi Y, Kong W, Lan F, Narengaowa, Yang Q, Qing H, Ni J. The Dual Nature of Microglia in Alzheimer's Disease: A Microglia-Neuron Crosstalk Perspective. Neuroscientist 2023; 29:616-638. [PMID: 35348415 DOI: 10.1177/10738584211070273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are critical players in the neuroimmune system, and their involvement in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis is increasingly being recognized. However, whether microglia play a positive or negative role in AD remains largely controversial and the precise molecular targets for intervention are not well defined. This partly results from the opposing roles of microglia in AD pathology, and is mainly reflected in the microglia-neuron interaction. Microglia can prune synapses resulting in excessive synapse loss and neuronal dysfunction, but they can also promote synapse formation, enhancing neural network plasticity. Neuroimmune crosstalk accelerates microglial activation, which induces neuron death and enhances the microglial phagocytosis of β-amyloid to protect neurons. Moreover, microglia have dual opposing roles in developing the major pathological features in AD, such as amyloid deposition and blood-brain barrier permeability. This review summarizes the dual opposing role of microglia in AD from the perspective of the interaction between neurons and microglia. Additionally, current AD treatments targeting microglia and the advantages and disadvantages of developing microglia-targeted therapeutic strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Department of Biology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- Research Center for Resource Peptide Drugs, Shanxi Engineering & Technological Research Center for Conversation & Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, Yanan University, Yanan, China
| | - Jie Meng
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhou Wu
- Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakanishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hayashi
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wei Kong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Department of Biology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Lan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Department of Biology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Narengaowa
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Department of Biology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghu Yang
- Research Center for Resource Peptide Drugs, Shanxi Engineering & Technological Research Center for Conversation & Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, Yanan University, Yanan, China
| | - Hong Qing
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Department of Biology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Junjun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Department of Biology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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16
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Gao C, Jiang J, Tan Y, Chen S. Microglia in neurodegenerative diseases: mechanism and potential therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:359. [PMID: 37735487 PMCID: PMC10514343 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01588-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia activation is observed in various neurodegenerative diseases. Recent advances in single-cell technologies have revealed that these reactive microglia were with high spatial and temporal heterogeneity. Some identified microglia in specific states correlate with pathological hallmarks and are associated with specific functions. Microglia both exert protective function by phagocytosing and clearing pathological protein aggregates and play detrimental roles due to excessive uptake of protein aggregates, which would lead to microglial phagocytic ability impairment, neuroinflammation, and eventually neurodegeneration. In addition, peripheral immune cells infiltration shapes microglia into a pro-inflammatory phenotype and accelerates disease progression. Microglia also act as a mobile vehicle to propagate protein aggregates. Extracellular vesicles released from microglia and autophagy impairment in microglia all contribute to pathological progression and neurodegeneration. Thus, enhancing microglial phagocytosis, reducing microglial-mediated neuroinflammation, inhibiting microglial exosome synthesis and secretion, and promoting microglial conversion into a protective phenotype are considered to be promising strategies for the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases. Here we comprehensively review the biology of microglia and the roles of microglia in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, dementia with Lewy bodies and Huntington's disease. We also summarize the possible microglia-targeted interventions and treatments against neurodegenerative diseases with preclinical and clinical evidence in cell experiments, animal studies, and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gao
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.
- Lab for Translational Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS), Shanghai Tech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.
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17
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Abstract
The brain's resident macrophages have many roles beyond synaptic pruning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ukpong Eyo
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, Neuroscience Department, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Anna Victoria Molofsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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18
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Yu C, Deng XJ, Xu D. Microglia in epilepsy. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 185:106249. [PMID: 37536386 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of most common chronic neurological disorders, and the antiseizure medications developed by targeting neurocentric mechanisms have not effectively reduced the proportion of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Further exploration of the cellular or molecular mechanism of epilepsy is expected to provide new options for treatment. Recently, more and more researches focus on brain network components other than neurons, among which microglia have attracted much attention for their diverse biological functions. As the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, microglia have highly plastic transcription, morphology and functional characteristics, which can change dynamically in a context-dependent manner during the progression of epilepsy. In the pathogenesis of epilepsy, highly reactive microglia interact with other components in the epileptogenic network by performing crucial functions such as secretion of soluble factors and phagocytosis, thus continuously reshaping the landscape of the epileptic brain microenvironment. Indeed, microglia appear to be both pro-epileptic and anti-epileptic under the different spatiotemporal contexts of disease, rendering interventions targeting microglia biologically complex and challenging. This comprehensive review critically summarizes the pathophysiological role of microglia in epileptic brain homeostasis alterations and explores potential therapeutic or modulatory targets for epilepsy targeting microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China
| | - Xue-Jun Deng
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China
| | - Da Xu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China.
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19
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Hu Y, Yao Y, Qi H, Yang J, Zhang C, Zhang A, Liu X, Zhang C, Gan G, Zhu X. Microglia sense and suppress epileptic neuronal hyperexcitability. Pharmacol Res 2023; 195:106881. [PMID: 37541638 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, undertaking surveillance role and reacting to brain homeostasis and neurological diseases. Recent studies indicate that microglia modulate epilepsy-induced neuronal activities, however, the mechanisms underlying microglia-neuron communication in epilepsy are still unclear. Here we report that epileptic neuronal hyperexcitability activates microglia and drives microglial ATP/ADP hydrolyzing ectoenzyme CD39 (encoded by Entpd1) expression via recruiting the cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB)-regulated transcription coactivator-1 (CRTC1) from cytoplasm to the nucleus and binding to CREB. Activated microglia in turn suppress epileptic neuronal hyperexcitability in a CD39 dependent manner. Disrupting microglial CREB/CRTC1 signaling, however, decreases CD39 expression and diminishes the inhibitory effect of microglia on epileptic neuronal hyperexcitability. Overall, our findings reveal CD39-dependent control of epileptic neuronal hyperexcitability by microglia is through an excitation-transcription coupling mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Honggang Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiurong Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Canyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aifeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiufang Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenchen Zhang
- Transmission Electron Microscopy Center, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangming Gan
- Transmission Electron Microscopy Center, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinjian Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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20
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Boghozian R, Sharma S, Narayana K, Cheema M, Brown CE. Sex and interferon gamma signaling regulate microglia migration in the adult mouse cortex in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302892120. [PMID: 37428916 PMCID: PMC10629543 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302892120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although microglia possess the unique ability to migrate, whether mobility is evident in all microglia, is sex dependent, and what molecular mechanisms drive this, is not well understood in the adult brain. Using longitudinal in vivo two-photon imaging of sparsely labeled microglia, we find a relatively small population of microglia (~5%) are mobile under normal conditions. Following injury (microbleed), the fraction of mobile microglia increased in a sex-dependent manner, with male microglia migrating significantly greater distances toward the microbleed relative to their female counterparts. To understand the signaling pathways involved, we interrogated the role of interferon gamma (IFNγ). Our data show that in male mice, stimulating microglia with IFNγ promotes migration whereas inhibiting IFNγ receptor 1 signaling inhibits them. By contrast, female microglia were generally unaffected by these manipulations. These findings highlight the diversity of microglia migratory responses to injury, its dependence on sex and the signaling mechanisms that modulate this behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roobina Boghozian
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BCV8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Sorabh Sharma
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BCV8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Kamal Narayana
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BCV8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Manjinder Cheema
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BCV8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Craig E. Brown
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BCV8P 5C2, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BCV6T 2A1, Canada
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21
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Zhao S, Zheng J, Wang L, Umpierre AD, Parusel S, Xie M, Dheer A, Ayasoufi K, Johnson AJ, Richardson JR, Wu LJ. Chemogenetic manipulation of CX3CR1 + cells transiently induces hypolocomotion independent of microglia. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2857-2871. [PMID: 37365239 PMCID: PMC10906107 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02128-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Chemogenetic approaches using Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADD, a family of engineered GPCRs) were recently employed in microglia. Here, we used Cx3cr1CreER/+:R26hM4Di/+ mice to express Gi-DREADD (hM4Di) on CX3CR1+ cells, comprising microglia and some peripheral immune cells, and found that activation of hM4Di on long-lived CX3CR1+ cells induced hypolocomotion. Unexpectedly, Gi-DREADD-induced hypolocomotion was preserved when microglia were depleted. Consistently, specific activation of microglial hM4Di cannot induce hypolocomotion in Tmem119CreER/+:R26hM4Di/+ mice. Flow cytometric and histological analysis showed hM4Di expression in peripheral immune cells, which may be responsible for the hypolocomotion. Nevertheless, depletion of splenic macrophages, hepatic macrophages, or CD4+ T cells did not affect Gi-DREADD-induced hypolocomotion. Our study demonstrates that rigorous data analysis and interpretation are needed when using Cx3cr1CreER/+ mouse line to manipulate microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyi Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jiaying Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Manling Xie
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Aastha Dheer
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Aaron J Johnson
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jason R Richardson
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Long-Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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22
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Gibbs-Shelton S, Benderoth J, Gaykema RP, Straub J, Okojie KA, Uweru JO, Lentferink DH, Rajbanshi B, Cowan MN, Patel B, Campos-Salazar AB, Perez-Reyes E, Eyo UB. Microglia play beneficial roles in multiple experimental seizure models. Glia 2023; 71:1699-1714. [PMID: 36951238 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Seizure disorders are common, affecting both the young and the old. Currently available antiseizure drugs are ineffective in a third of patients and have been developed with a focus on known neurocentric mechanisms, raising the need for investigations into alternative and complementary mechanisms that contribute to seizure generation or its containment. Neuroinflammation, broadly defined as the activation of immune cells and molecules in the central nervous system (CNS), has been proposed to facilitate seizure generation, although the specific cells involved in these processes remain inadequately understood. The role of microglia, the primary inflammation-competent cells of the brain, is debated since previous studies were conducted using approaches that were less specific to microglia or had inherent confounds. Using a selective approach to target microglia without such side effects, we show a broadly beneficial role for microglia in limiting chemoconvulsive, electrical, and hyperthermic seizures and argue for a further understanding of microglial contributions to contain seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Synphane Gibbs-Shelton
- Brain Immunology and Glia Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jordan Benderoth
- Brain Immunology and Glia Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Ronald P Gaykema
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Justyna Straub
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Kenneth A Okojie
- Brain Immunology and Glia Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Joseph O Uweru
- Brain Immunology and Glia Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Dennis H Lentferink
- Brain Immunology and Glia Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Binita Rajbanshi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Maureen N Cowan
- Brain Immunology and Glia Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Brij Patel
- Brain Immunology and Glia Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Anthony Brayan Campos-Salazar
- Brain Immunology and Glia Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Edward Perez-Reyes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Ukpong B Eyo
- Brain Immunology and Glia Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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23
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Whitelaw BS, Stoessel MB, Majewska AK. Movers and shakers: Microglial dynamics and modulation of neural networks. Glia 2023; 71:1575-1591. [PMID: 36533844 PMCID: PMC10729610 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are multifaceted cells that act as immune sentinels, with important roles in pathological events, but also as integral contributors to the normal development and function of neural circuits. In the last decade, our understanding of the contributions these cells make to synaptic health and dysfunction has expanded at a dizzying pace. Here we review the known mechanisms that govern the dynamics of microglia allowing these motile cells to interact with synapses, and recruit microglia to specific sites on neurons. We then review the molecular signals that may underlie the function of microglia in synaptic remodeling. The emerging picture from the literature suggests that microglia are highly sensitive cells, reacting to neuronal signals with dynamic and specific actions tuned to the need of specific synapses and networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Steven Whitelaw
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Mark Blohm Stoessel
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Ania Katarzyna Majewska
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
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24
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Varte V, Munkelwitz JW, Rincon-Limas DE. Insights from Drosophila on Aβ- and tau-induced mitochondrial dysfunction: mechanisms and tools. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1184080. [PMID: 37139514 PMCID: PMC10150963 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1184080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative dementia in older adults worldwide. Sadly, there are no disease-modifying therapies available for treatment due to the multifactorial complexity of the disease. AD is pathologically characterized by extracellular deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau. Increasing evidence suggest that Aβ also accumulates intracellularly, which may contribute to the pathological mitochondrial dysfunction observed in AD. According with the mitochondrial cascade hypothesis, mitochondrial dysfunction precedes clinical decline and thus targeting mitochondria may result in new therapeutic strategies. Unfortunately, the precise mechanisms connecting mitochondrial dysfunction with AD are largely unknown. In this review, we will discuss how the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is contributing to answer mechanistic questions in the field, from mitochondrial oxidative stress and calcium dysregulation to mitophagy and mitochondrial fusion and fission. In particular, we will highlight specific mitochondrial insults caused by Aβ and tau in transgenic flies and will also discuss a variety of genetic tools and sensors available to study mitochondrial biology in this flexible organism. Areas of opportunity and future directions will be also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanlalrinchhani Varte
- Department of Neurology, McKnight Brain Institute, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jeremy W. Munkelwitz
- Department of Neurology, McKnight Brain Institute, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Diego E. Rincon-Limas
- Department of Neurology, McKnight Brain Institute, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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25
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Sah N, Zhang Z, Chime A, Fowler A, Mendez-Trendler A, Sharma A, Kannan RM, Slusher B, Kannan S. Dendrimer-Conjugated Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II Inhibitor Restores Microglial Changes in a Rabbit Model of Cerebral Palsy. Dev Neurosci 2023; 45:268-275. [PMID: 36990069 PMCID: PMC10614263 DOI: 10.1159/000530389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that maternal endotoxin exposure leads to a phenotype of cerebral palsy and pro-inflammatory microglia in the brain in neonatal rabbits. "Activated" microglia overexpress the enzyme glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) that hydrolyzes N-acetylaspartylglutamate to N-acetylaspartate and glutamate, and we have shown previously that inhibiting microglial GCPII is neuroprotective. Glutamate-induced injury and associated immune signaling can alter microglial responses including microglial process movements for surveillance and phagocytosis. We hypothesize that inhibition of GCPII activity could alter microglial phenotype and normalize microglial process movement/dynamics. Newborn rabbit kits exposed to endotoxin in utero, when treated with dendrimer-conjugated 2-(phosphonomethyl)-pentanedioic acid (D-2PMPA), a potent and selective inhibitor of microglial GCPII, showed profound changes in microglial phenotype within 48 h of treatment. Live imaging of hippocampal microglia in ex vivo brain slice preparations revealed larger cell body and phagocytic cup sizes with less stable microglia processes in CP kits compared to healthy controls. D-2PMPA treatment led to significant reversal of microglial process stability to healthy control levels. Our results emphasize the importance of microglial process dynamics in determining the state of microglial function in the developing brain and demonstrate how GCPII inhibition specifically in microglia can effectively change the microglial process motility to healthy control levels, potentially impacting migration, phagocytosis, and inflammatory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirnath Sah
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, USA
| | - Alicia Chime
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amanda Fowler
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Antonio Mendez-Trendler
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anjali Sharma
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Rangaramanujam M. Kannan
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Barbara Slusher
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sujatha Kannan
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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26
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Shelton-Gibbs S, Benderoth J, Gaykema RP, Straub J, Okojie KA, Uweru JO, Lentferink DH, Rajbanshi B, Cowan MN, Patel B, Campos-Salazar AB, Perez-Reyes E, Eyo UB. Microglia play beneficial roles in multiple experimental seizure models. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.04.531090. [PMID: 36945556 PMCID: PMC10028974 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.04.531090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Seizure disorders are common, affecting both the young and the old. Currently available antiseizure drugs are ineffective in a third of patients and have been developed with a focus on known neurocentric mechanisms, raising the need for investigations into alternative and complementary mechanisms that contribute to seizure generation or its containment. Neuroinflammation, broadly defined as the activation of immune cells and molecules in the central nervous system (CNS), has been proposed to facilitate seizure generation, although the specific cells involved in these processes remain inadequately understood. The role of microglia, the primary inflammation-competent cells of the brain, is debated since previous studies were conducted using approaches that were less specific to microglia or had inherent confounds. Using a selective approach to target microglia without such side effects, we show a broadly beneficial role for microglia in limiting chemoconvulsive, electrical, and hyperthermic seizures and argue for a further understanding of microglial contributions to contain seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Synphane Shelton-Gibbs
- Brain Immunology and Glia Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jordan Benderoth
- Brain Immunology and Glia Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ronald P. Gaykema
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Justyna Straub
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Kenneth A. Okojie
- Brain Immunology and Glia Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Joseph O. Uweru
- Brain Immunology and Glia Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Dennis H. Lentferink
- Brain Immunology and Glia Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Binita Rajbanshi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Maureen N. Cowan
- Brain Immunology and Glia Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Brij Patel
- Brain Immunology and Glia Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Anthony Brayan Campos-Salazar
- Brain Immunology and Glia Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Edward Perez-Reyes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Ukpong B. Eyo
- Brain Immunology and Glia Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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27
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Murdock MH, Tsai LH. Insights into Alzheimer's disease from single-cell genomic approaches. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:181-195. [PMID: 36593328 PMCID: PMC10155598 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01222-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related disease pathologically defined by the deposition of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain parenchyma. Single-cell profiling has shown that Alzheimer's dementia involves the complex interplay of virtually every major brain cell type. Here, we highlight cell-type-specific molecular perturbations in AD. We discuss how genomic information from single cells expands existing paradigms of AD pathogenesis and highlight new opportunities for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell H Murdock
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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28
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Guzmán-Ruiz MA, Guerrero-Vargas NN, Lagunes-Cruz A, González-González S, García-Aviles JE, Hurtado-Alvarado G, Mendez-Hernández R, Chavarría-Krauser A, Morin JP, Arriaga-Avila V, Buijs RM, Guevara-Guzmán R. Circadian modulation of microglial physiological processes and immune responses. Glia 2023; 71:155-167. [PMID: 35971989 PMCID: PMC10087862 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Microglia is considered the central nervous system (CNS) resident macrophages that establish an innate immune response against pathogens and toxins. However, the recent studies have shown that microglial gene and protein expression follows a circadian pattern; several immune activation markers and clock genes are expressed rhythmically without the need for an immune stimulus. Furthermore, microglia responds to an immune challenge with different magnitudes depending on the time of the day. This review examines the circadian control of microglia function and the possible physiological implications. For example, we discuss that synaptic prune is performed in the cortex at a certain moment of the day. We also consider the implications of daily microglial function for maintaining biological rhythms like general activity, body temperature, and food intake. We conclude that the developmental stage, brain region, and pathological state are not the only factors to consider for the evaluation of microglial functions; instead, emerging evidence indicates that circadian time as an essential aspect for a better understanding of the role of microglia in CNS physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara A Guzmán-Ruiz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Natalí N Guerrero-Vargas
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Lagunes-Cruz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Shellye González-González
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Jesús Enrique García-Aviles
- Área de Neurociencias, Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, México City, Mexico
| | | | - Rebeca Mendez-Hernández
- Instituto Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Anahí Chavarría-Krauser
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Jean-Pascal Morin
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Virginia Arriaga-Avila
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Ruud M Buijs
- Instituto Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Rosalinda Guevara-Guzmán
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
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29
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Srinivasan SR. Targeting Circuit Abnormalities in Neurodegenerative Disease. Mol Pharmacol 2023; 103:38-44. [PMID: 36310030 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.122.000563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant improvement in our ability to diagnose both common and rare neurodegenerative diseases and understand their underlying biologic mechanisms, there remains a disproportionate lack of effective treatments, reflecting the complexity of these disorders. Successfully advancing novel treatments for neurodegenerative disorders will require reconsideration of traditional approaches, which to date have focused largely on specific disease proteins or cells of origin. This article proposes reframing these diseases as conditions of dysfunctional circuitry as a complement to ongoing efforts. Specifically reviewed is how aberrant spiking is a common downstream mechanism in numerous neurodegenerative diseases, often driven by dysfunction in specific ion channels. Surgical modification of this electrical activity via deep brain stimulation is already an approved modality for many of these disorders. Therefore, restoring proper electrical activity by targeting these channels pharmacologically represents a viable strategy for intervention, not only for symptomatic management but also as a potential disease-modifying therapy. Such an approach is likely to be a promising route to treating these devastating disorders, either as monotherapy or in conjunction with current drugs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Despite extensive research and improved understanding of the biology driving neurodegenerative disease, there has not been a concomitant increase in approved therapies. Accordingly, it is time to shift our perspective and recognize these diseases also as disorders of circuitry to further yield novel drug targets and new interventions. An approach focused on treating dysfunctional circuitry has the potential to reduce or reverse patient symptoms and potentially modify disease course.
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30
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Honey D, Wosnitzka E, Klann E, Weinhard L. Analysis of microglial BDNF function and expression in the motor cortex. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:961276. [PMID: 36726454 PMCID: PMC9885322 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.961276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin that regulates several aspects of brain function. Although numerous studies have demonstrated the expression and function of BDNF in neurons, its expression in microglia remains controversial. Using a combination of genetic tools and fluorescence imaging, we analyzed BDNF expression patterns and investigated the effect of microglial Bdnf deletion on neuronal activity, early-stage spine formation, and microglia-neuron attraction in the motor cortex. We did not detect BDNF expression in microglia at the transcriptional or translational level, in physiological or pathological conditions, and none of the assessed neuronal functions were found to be affected in conditional Bdnf knockout mice. Our results suggest that microglia do not express BDNF in sufficient amounts to modulate neuronal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Honey
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States,Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Erin Wosnitzka
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland,Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Klann
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Laetitia Weinhard
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Laetitia Weinhard
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31
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Hristovska I, Robert M, Combet K, Honnorat J, Comte JC, Pascual O. Sleep decreases neuronal activity control of microglial dynamics in mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6273. [PMID: 36271013 PMCID: PMC9586953 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the brain-resident immune cells, are highly ramified with dynamic processes transiently contacting synapses. These contacts have been reported to be activity-dependent, but this has not been thoroughly studied yet, especially in physiological conditions. Here we investigate neuron-microglia contacts and microglia morphodynamics in mice in an activity-dependent context such as the vigilance states. We report that microglial morphodynamics and microglia-spine contacts are regulated by spontaneous and evoked neuronal activity. We also found that sleep modulates microglial morphodynamics through Cx3cr1 signaling. At the synaptic level, microglial processes are attracted towards active spines during wake, and this relationship is hindered during sleep. Finally, microglial contact increases spine activity, mainly during NREM sleep. Altogether, these results indicate that microglial function at synapses is dependent on neuronal activity and the vigilance states, providing evidence that microglia could be important for synaptic homeostasis and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Hristovska
- INSERM U1314, CNRS UMR5284, MeLiS, Lyon, France ,grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - M. Robert
- INSERM U1314, CNRS UMR5284, MeLiS, Lyon, France ,grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France ,grid.414243.40000 0004 0597 9318French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, 59 Boulevard Pinel, 69677 Bron, Cedex France
| | - K. Combet
- INSERM U1314, CNRS UMR5284, MeLiS, Lyon, France ,grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - J. Honnorat
- INSERM U1314, CNRS UMR5284, MeLiS, Lyon, France ,grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France ,grid.414243.40000 0004 0597 9318French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, 59 Boulevard Pinel, 69677 Bron, Cedex France
| | - J-C Comte
- grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France ,grid.461862.f0000 0004 0614 7222INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon, France ,Centre de Recherche en Neuroscience de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - O. Pascual
- INSERM U1314, CNRS UMR5284, MeLiS, Lyon, France ,grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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32
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Guedes JR, Ferreira PA, Costa JM, Cardoso AL, Peça J. Microglia-dependent remodeling of neuronal circuits. J Neurochem 2022; 163:74-93. [PMID: 35950924 PMCID: PMC9826178 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are tissue-resident macrophages responsible for the surveillance, neuronal support, and immune defense of the brain parenchyma. Recently, the role played by microglia in the formation and function of neuronal circuits has garnered substantial attention. During development, microglia have been shown to engulf neuronal precursors and participate in pruning mechanisms while, in the mature brain, they influence synaptic signaling, provide trophic support and shape synaptic plasticity. Recently, studies have unveiled different microglial characteristics associated with specific brain regions. This emerging view suggests that the maturation and function of distinct neuronal circuits may be potentially associated with the molecular identity microglia adopts across the brain. Here, we review and summarize the known role of these cells in the thalamus, hippocampus, cortex, and cerebellum. We focus on in vivo studies to highlight the characteristics of microglia that may be important in the remodeling of these neuronal circuits and in relation to neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana R. Guedes
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal,Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Pedro A. Ferreira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal,Department of Life SciencesUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Jéssica M. Costa
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal,Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Ana L. Cardoso
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal,Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - João Peça
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal,Department of Life SciencesUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
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33
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Otero-Garcia M, Mahajani SU, Wakhloo D, Tang W, Xue YQ, Morabito S, Pan J, Oberhauser J, Madira AE, Shakouri T, Deng Y, Allison T, He Z, Lowry WE, Kawaguchi R, Swarup V, Cobos I. Molecular signatures underlying neurofibrillary tangle susceptibility in Alzheimer's disease. Neuron 2022; 110:2929-2948.e8. [PMID: 35882228 PMCID: PMC9509477 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tau aggregation in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) is closely associated with neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the molecular signatures that distinguish between aggregation-prone and aggregation-resistant cell states are unknown. We developed methods for the high-throughput isolation and transcriptome profiling of single somas with NFTs from the human AD brain, quantified the susceptibility of 20 neocortical subtypes for NFT formation and death, and identified both shared and cell-type-specific signatures. NFT-bearing neurons shared a marked upregulation of synaptic transmission-related genes, including a core set of 63 genes enriched for synaptic vesicle cycling. Oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial dysfunction were highly cell-type dependent. Apoptosis was only modestly enriched, and the susceptibilities of NFT-bearing and NFT-free neurons for death were highly similar. Our analysis suggests that NFTs represent cell-type-specific responses to stress and synaptic dysfunction. We provide a resource for biomarker discovery and the investigation of tau-dependent and tau-independent mechanisms of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Otero-Garcia
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sameehan U Mahajani
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Debia Wakhloo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Weijing Tang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yue-Qiang Xue
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Samuel Morabito
- Mathematical, Computational and Systems Biology Program, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jie Pan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jane Oberhauser
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Angela E Madira
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tamara Shakouri
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yongning Deng
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Thomas Allison
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zihuai He
- Department Neurology and Neurological Sciences and Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - William E Lowry
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Vivek Swarup
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Inma Cobos
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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34
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Zhang WJ, Hu DX, Lin SJ, Fang XQ, Ye ZF. Contribution of P2X purinergic receptor in cerebral ischemia injury. Brain Res Bull 2022; 190:42-49. [PMID: 36113681 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The development of cerebral ischemia involves brain damage and abnormal changes in brain function, which can cause neurosensory and motor dysfunction, and bring serious consequences to patients. P2X purinergic receptors are expressed in nerve cells and immune cells, and are mainly expressed in microglia. The P2X4 and P2X7 receptors in the P2X purinergic receptors play a significant role in regulating the activity of microglia. Moreover, ATP-P2X purine information transmission is involved in the progression of neurological diseases, including the release of pro-inflammatory factors, driving factors and cytokines after cerebral ischemia injury, inducing inflammation, and aggravating cerebral ischemia injury. P2X receptors activation can mediate the information exchange between microglia and neurons, induce neuronal apoptosis, and aggravate neurological dysfunction after cerebral ischemia. However, inhibiting the activation of P2X receptors, reducing their expression, inhibiting the activation of microglia, and has the effect of protecting nerve function. In this paper, we discussed the relationship between P2X receptors and nervous system function and the role of microglia activation inducing cerebral ischemia injury. Additionally, we explored the potential role of P2X receptors in the progression of cerebral ischemic injury and their potential pharmacological targets for the treatment of cerebral ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Dong-Xia Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Si-Jian Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Qun Fang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhen-Feng Ye
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China.
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35
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Pediaditakis I, Kodella KR, Manatakis DV, Le CY, Barthakur S, Sorets A, Gravanis A, Ewart L, Rubin LL, Manolakos ES, Hinojosa CD, Karalis K. A microengineered Brain-Chip to model neuroinflammation in humans. iScience 2022; 25:104813. [PMID: 35982785 PMCID: PMC9379671 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Species differences in brain and blood-brain barrier (BBB) biology hamper the translation of findings from animal models to humans, impeding the development of therapeutics for brain diseases. Here, we present a human organotypic microphysiological system (MPS) that includes endothelial-like cells, pericytes, glia, and cortical neurons and maintains BBB permeability at in vivo relevant levels. This human Brain-Chip engineered to recapitulate critical aspects of the complex interactions that mediate neuroinflammation and demonstrates significant improvements in clinical mimicry compared to previously reported similar MPS. In comparison to Transwell culture, the transcriptomic profiling of the Brain-Chip displayed significantly advanced similarity to the human adult cortex and enrichment in key neurobiological pathways. Exposure to TNF-α recreated the anticipated inflammatory environment shown by glia activation, increased release of proinflammatory cytokines, and compromised barrier permeability. We report the development of a robust brain MPS for mechanistic understanding of cell-cell interactions and BBB function during neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Konstantia R. Kodella
- Emulate Inc., 27 Drydock Avenue, Boston, MA 02210, USA
- University of Crete Medical School, Department of Pharmacology, Heraklion, 71110 Greece
| | | | | | | | | | - Achille Gravanis
- University of Crete Medical School, Department of Pharmacology, Heraklion, 71110 Greece
| | - Lorna Ewart
- Emulate Inc., 27 Drydock Avenue, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Lee L. Rubin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elias S. Manolakos
- Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
- Northeastern University, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Katia Karalis
- Emulate Inc., 27 Drydock Avenue, Boston, MA 02210, USA
- Endocrine Division, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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36
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Yu Z, Sakai M, Fukushima H, Ono C, Kikuchi Y, Koyama R, Matsui K, Furuyashiki T, Kida S, Tomita H. Contextual fear conditioning regulates synapse-related gene transcription in mouse microglia. Brain Res Bull 2022; 189:57-68. [PMID: 35987296 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Microglia have been suggested to be involved in the underlying mechanism of conditional fear memory formation by regulating inflammatory cytokines. However, the mechanism linking microglia and neuronal activity related to fear conditioning remains unclear. This study characterized the transcription profile of microglia in a fear memory conditional mouse model. Compared with those in control mice microglia, the most significantly induced genes were synapse-related, whereas immune-related genes were reduced due to fear memory consolidation. Whilst the increased expression of synapse-related genes was reversed after fear memory extinction, that of immunological genes was not, strongly suggesting a connection between microglia, neurons, and a dysregulated immune response following contextual fear conditioning. Furthermore, in the hippocampal microglia, we found that the expression of neurotransmitter release regulators, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor GABRB3 and synapsin 1/2, increased under fear memory consolidation and restored (decreased) after extinction. In addition, compared with the transcription profile in peripheral monocytes, few overlapping genes were not enriched in biological processes. Taken together, the identified conditional fear stress-induced changes in mouse microglial transcription profiles suggest that microglia-neuron communication mediates contextual fear conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Mai Sakai
- Department of Psychiatry Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hotaka Fukushima
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiaki Ono
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshie Kikuchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryuta Koyama
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ko Matsui
- Super-network Brain Physiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Furuyashiki
- Division of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kida
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tomita
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute for Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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37
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Microglia contribute to the postnatal development of cortical somatostatin-positive inhibitory cells and to whisker-evoked cortical activity. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111209. [PMID: 35977514 PMCID: PMC9396528 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia play a key role in shaping the formation and refinement of the excitatory network of the brain. However, less is known about whether and how they organize the development of distinct inhibitory networks. We find that microglia are essential for the proper development of somatostatin-positive (SST+) cell synapses during the second postnatal week. We further identify a pair of molecules that act antagonistically to one another in the organization of SST+ cell axonal elaboration. Whereas CX3CL1 acts to suppress axonal growth and complexity, CXCL12 promotes it. Assessing the functional importance of microglia in the development of cortical activity, we find that a whisker stimulation paradigm that drives SST+ cell activation leads to reduced cortical spiking in brains depleted of microglia. Collectively, our data demonstrate an important role of microglia in regulating the development of SST+ cell output early in life. Microglia depletion leads to an increase of SST+ cell synapses during development Microglia control SST+ cell axonal development through CX3CL1 and CXCL12 Microglia depletion reduces sensory-driven cortical activation early postnatally
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38
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Feinberg PA, Becker SC, Chung L, Ferrari L, Stellwagen D, Anaclet C, Durán-Laforet V, Faust TE, Sumbria RK, Schafer DP. Elevated TNF-α Leads to Neural Circuit Instability in the Absence of Interferon Regulatory Factor 8. J Neurosci 2022; 42:6171-6185. [PMID: 35790400 PMCID: PMC9374154 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0601-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) is a transcription factor necessary for the maturation of microglia, as well as other peripheral immune cells. It also regulates the transition of microglia and other immune cells to a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Irf8 is also a known risk gene for multiple sclerosis and lupus, and it has recently been shown to be downregulated in schizophrenia. While most studies have focused on IRF8-dependent regulation of immune cell function, little is known about how it impacts neural circuits. Here, we show by RNAseq from Irf8 -/- male and female mouse brains that several genes involved in regulation of neural activity are dysregulated. We then show that these molecular changes are reflected in heightened neural excitability and a profound increase in susceptibility to lethal seizures in male and female Irf8 -/- mice. Finally, we identify that TNF-α is elevated specifically in microglia in the CNS, and genetic or acute pharmacological blockade of TNF-α in the Irf8 -/- CNS rescued the seizure phenotype. These results provide important insights into the consequences of IRF8 signaling and TNF-α on neural circuits. Our data further suggest that neuronal function is impacted by loss of IRF8, a factor involved in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Here, we identify a previously unknown and key role for interferon regulator factor 8 (IRF8) in regulating neural excitability and seizures. We further determine that these effects on neural circuits are through elevated TNF-α in the CNS. As IRF8 has most widely been studied in the context of regulating the development and inflammatory signaling in microglia and other immune cells, we have uncovered a novel function. Further, IRF8 is a risk gene for multiple sclerosis and lupus, IRF8 is dysregulated in schizophrenia, and elevated TNF-α has been identified in a multitude of neurologic conditions. Thus, elucidating these IRF8 and TNF-α-dependent effects on brain circuit function has profound implications for understanding underlying, therapeutically relevant mechanisms of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Feinberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Shannon C Becker
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Leeyup Chung
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Loris Ferrari
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - David Stellwagen
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec Canada H3G 1A4
| | - Christelle Anaclet
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Violeta Durán-Laforet
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Travis E Faust
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Rachita K Sumbria
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, California 92618
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, California 92868
| | - Dorothy P Schafer
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
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Lipid accumulation induced by APOE4 impairs microglial surveillance of neuronal-network activity. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:1197-1212.e8. [PMID: 35931030 PMCID: PMC9623845 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) is the greatest known genetic risk factor for developing sporadic Alzheimer's disease. How the interaction of APOE4 microglia with neurons differs from microglia expressing the disease-neutral APOE3 allele remains unknown. Here, we employ CRISPR-edited induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to dissect the impact of APOE4 in neuron-microglia communication. Our results reveal that APOE4 induces a lipid-accumulated state that renders microglia weakly responsive to neuronal activity. By examining the transcriptional signatures of APOE3 versus APOE4 microglia in response to neuronal conditioned media, we established that neuronal cues differentially induce a lipogenic program in APOE4 microglia that exacerbates pro-inflammatory signals. Through decreased uptake of extracellular fatty acids and lipoproteins, we identified that APOE4 microglia disrupts the coordinated activity of neuronal ensembles. These findings suggest that abnormal neuronal network-level disturbances observed in Alzheimer's disease patients harboring APOE4 may in part be triggered by impairment in lipid homeostasis in non-neuronal cells.
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40
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Guan A, Wang S, Huang A, Qiu C, Li Y, Li X, Wang J, Wang Q, Deng B. The role of gamma oscillations in central nervous system diseases: Mechanism and treatment. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:962957. [PMID: 35966207 PMCID: PMC9374274 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.962957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma oscillation is the synchronization with a frequency of 30–90 Hz of neural oscillations, which are rhythmic electric processes of neuron groups in the brain. The inhibitory interneuron network is necessary for the production of gamma oscillations, but certain disruptions such as brain inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic imbalances can cause this network to malfunction. Gamma oscillations specifically control the connectivity between different brain regions, which is crucial for perception, movement, memory, and emotion. Studies have linked abnormal gamma oscillations to conditions of the central nervous system, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and schizophrenia. Evidence suggests that gamma entrainment using sensory stimuli (GENUS) provides significant neuroprotection. This review discusses the function of gamma oscillations in advanced brain activities from both a physiological and pathological standpoint, and it emphasizes gamma entrainment as a potential therapeutic approach for a range of neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shaoshuang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ailing Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chenyue Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yansong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xuying Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jinfei Wang
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Qiang Wang,
| | - Bin Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Deng,
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41
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Juvenile depletion of microglia reduces orientation but not high spatial frequency selectivity in mouse V1. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12779. [PMID: 35896554 PMCID: PMC9329297 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15503-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia contain multiple mechanisms that shape the synaptic landscape during postnatal development. Whether the synaptic changes mediated by microglia reflect the developmental refinement of neuronal responses in sensory cortices, however, remains poorly understood. In postnatal life, the development of increased orientation and spatial frequency selectivity of neuronal responses in primary visual cortex (V1) supports the emergence of high visual acuity. Here, we used the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitor PLX5622 to rapidly and durably deplete microglia in mice during the juvenile period in which increased orientation and spatial frequency selectivity emerge. Excitatory and inhibitory tuning properties were measured simultaneously using multi-photon calcium imaging in layer II/III of mouse V1. We found that microglia depletion generally increased evoked activity which, in turn, reduced orientation selectivity. Surprisingly, microglia were not required for the emergence of high spatial frequency tuned responses. In addition, microglia depletion did not perturb cortical binocularity, suggesting normal depth processing. Together, our finding that orientation and high spatial frequency selectivity in V1 are differentially supported by microglia reveal that microglia are required normal sensory processing, albeit selectively.
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42
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Directed evolution of adeno-associated virus for efficient gene delivery to microglia. Nat Methods 2022; 19:976-985. [PMID: 35879607 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-022-01547-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As the resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS), microglia orchestrate immune responses and dynamically sculpt neural circuits in the CNS. Microglial dysfunction and mutations of microglia-specific genes have been implicated in many diseases of the CNS. Developing effective and safe vehicles for transgene delivery into microglia will facilitate the studies of microglia biology and microglia-associated disease mechanisms. Here, we report the discovery of adeno-associated virus (AAV) variants that mediate efficient in vitro and in vivo microglial transduction via directed evolution of the AAV capsid protein. These AAV-cMG and AAV-MG variants are capable of delivering various genetic payloads into microglia with high efficiency, and enable sufficient transgene expression to support fluorescent labeling, Ca2+ and neurotransmitter imaging and genome editing in microglia in vivo. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing shows that the AAV-MG variants mediate in vivo transgene delivery without inducing microglia immune activation. These AAV variants should facilitate the use of various genetically encoded sensors and effectors in the study of microglia-related biology.
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43
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Bi Q, Wang C, Cheng G, Chen N, Wei B, Liu X, Li L, Lu C, He J, Weng Y, Yin C, Lin Y, Wan S, Zhao L, Xu J, Wang Y, Gu Y, Shen XZ, Shi P. Microglia-derived PDGFB promotes neuronal potassium currents to suppress basal sympathetic tonicity and limit hypertension. Immunity 2022; 55:1466-1482.e9. [PMID: 35863346 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although many studies have addressed the regulatory circuits affecting neuronal activities, local non-synaptic mechanisms that determine neuronal excitability remain unclear. Here, we found that microglia prevented overactivation of pre-sympathetic neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) at steady state. Microglia constitutively released platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) B, which signaled via PDGFRα on neuronal cells and promoted their expression of Kv4.3, a key subunit that conducts potassium currents. Ablation of microglia, conditional deletion of microglial PDGFB, or suppression of neuronal PDGFRα expression in the PVN elevated the excitability of pre-sympathetic neurons and sympathetic outflow, resulting in a profound autonomic dysfunction. Disruption of the PDGFBMG-Kv4.3Neuron pathway predisposed mice to develop hypertension, whereas central supplementation of exogenous PDGFB suppressed pressor response when mice were under hypertensive insult. Our results point to a non-immune action of resident microglia in maintaining the balance of sympathetic outflow, which is important in preventing cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Bi
- Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science & Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Guo Cheng
- Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Ningting Chen
- Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yuancheng Weng
- Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Chunyou Yin
- Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yunfan Lin
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Haining, Zhejiang 314400, China
| | - Shu Wan
- Brain Center, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shanxi 710061, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yan Gu
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science & Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Xiao Z Shen
- Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Peng Shi
- Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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Kumar P, Lim A, Hazirah SN, Chua CJH, Ngoh A, Poh SL, Yeo TH, Lim J, Ling S, Sutamam NB, Petretto E, Low DCY, Zeng L, Tan EK, Arkachaisri T, Yeo JG, Ginhoux F, Chan D, Albani S. Single-cell transcriptomics and surface epitope detection in human brain epileptic lesions identifies pro-inflammatory signaling. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:956-966. [PMID: 35739273 PMCID: PMC9276529 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01095-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epileptogenic triggers are multifactorial and not well understood. Here we aimed to address the hypothesis that inappropriate pro-inflammatory mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis of refractory epilepsy (non-responsiveness to antiepileptic drugs) in human patients. We used single-cell cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (CITE-seq) to reveal the immunotranscriptome of surgically resected epileptic lesion tissues. Our approach uncovered a pro-inflammatory microenvironment, including extensive activation of microglia and infiltration of other pro-inflammatory immune cells. These findings were supported by ligand–receptor (LR) interactome analysis, which demonstrated potential mechanisms of infiltration and evidence of direct physical interactions between microglia and T cells. Together, these data provide insight into the immune microenvironment in epileptic tissue, which may aid the development of new therapeutics. Single-cell analysis of immune cells from surgically resected human epileptic brain tissues showed heterogeneity and pro-inflammatory signaling in microglia and evidence for direct interaction of microglia with T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavanish Kumar
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth/Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore. .,Paediatrics Academic Clinical Programme, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Amanda Lim
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth/Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sharifah Nur Hazirah
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth/Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Camillus Jian Hui Chua
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth/Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adeline Ngoh
- Duke-NUS Medical School and Paediatric Neurology Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Su Li Poh
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth/Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tong Hong Yeo
- Duke-NUS Medical School and Paediatric Neurology Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jocelyn Lim
- Duke-NUS Medical School and Paediatric Neurology Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Simon Ling
- Duke-NUS Medical School and Paediatric Neurology Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nursyuhadah Binte Sutamam
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth/Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Enrico Petretto
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders (CVMD) and Centre for Computational Biology (CCB), Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Chyi Yeu Low
- Duke-NUS Medical School and Neurosurgical Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Zeng
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders Program, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng-King Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders Program, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thaschawee Arkachaisri
- Paediatrics Academic Clinical Programme, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School and Rheumatology and Immunology Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joo Guan Yeo
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth/Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Paediatrics Academic Clinical Programme, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School and Rheumatology and Immunology Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth/Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Derrick Chan
- Paediatrics Academic Clinical Programme, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School and Paediatric Neurology Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Salvatore Albani
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth/Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Paediatrics Academic Clinical Programme, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School and Rheumatology and Immunology Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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Chou YH, Sundman M, Ton That V, Green J, Trapani C. Cortical excitability and plasticity in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis of transcranial magnetic stimulation studies. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 79:101660. [PMID: 35680080 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique. When stimulation is applied over the primary motor cortex and coupled with electromyography measures, TMS can probe functions of cortical excitability and plasticity in vivo. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the utility of TMS-derived measures for differentiating patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from cognitively normal older adults (CN). METHODS Databases searched included PubMed, Embase, APA PsycInfo, Medline, and CINAHL Plus from inception to July 2021. RESULTS Sixty-one studies with a total of 2728 participants (1454 patients with AD, 163 patients with MCI, and 1111 CN) were included. Patients with AD showed significantly higher cortical excitability, lower cortical inhibition, and impaired cortical plasticity compared to the CN cohorts. Patients with MCI exhibited increased cortical excitability and reduced plasticity compared to the CN cohort. Additionally, lower cognitive performance was significantly associated with higher cortical excitability and lower inhibition. No seizure events due to TMS were reported, and the mild adverse response rate is approximately 3/1000 (i.e., 9/2728). CONCLUSIONS Findings of our meta-analysis demonstrate the potential of using TMS-derived cortical excitability and plasticity measures as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AD and MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hui Chou
- Brain Imaging and TMS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA; Evelyn F McKnight Brain Institute, Arizona Center on Aging, and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.
| | - Mark Sundman
- Brain Imaging and TMS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Viet Ton That
- Brain Imaging and TMS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Jacob Green
- Brain Imaging and TMS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Chrisopher Trapani
- Brain Imaging and TMS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
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Exposure to 1800 MHz LTE electromagnetic fields under proinflammatory conditions decreases the response strength and increases the acoustic threshold of auditory cortical neurons. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4063. [PMID: 35260711 PMCID: PMC8902282 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07923-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased needs for mobile phone communications have raised successive generations (G) of wireless technologies, which could differentially affect biological systems. To test this, we exposed rats to single head-only exposure of a 4G long-term evolution (LTE)-1800 MHz electromagnetic field (EMF) for 2 h. We then assessed the impact on microglial space coverage and electrophysiological neuronal activity in the primary auditory cortex (ACx), under acute neuroinflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide. The mean specific absorption rate in the ACx was 0.5 W/kg. Multiunit recording revealed that LTE-EMF triggered reduction in the response strength to pure tones and to natural vocalizations, together with an increase in acoustic threshold in the low and medium frequencies. Iba1 immunohistochemistry showed no change in the area covered by microglia cell bodies and processes. In healthy rats, the same LTE-exposure induced no change in response strength and acoustic threshold. Our data indicate that acute neuroinflammation sensitizes neuronal responses to LTE-EMF, which leads to an altered processing of acoustic stimuli in the ACx.
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Punzi G, Ursini G, Chen Q, Radulescu E, Tao R, Huuki LA, Di Carlo P, Collado-Torres L, Shin JH, Catanesi R, Jaffe AE, Hyde TM, Kleinman JE, Mackay TFC, Weinberger DR. Genetics and Brain Transcriptomics of Completed Suicide. Am J Psychiatry 2022; 179:226-241. [PMID: 35236118 PMCID: PMC8908792 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2021.21030299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors sought to study the transcriptomic and genomic features of completed suicide by parsing the method chosen, to capture molecular correlates of the distinctive frame of mind of individuals who die by suicide, while reducing heterogeneity. METHODS The authors analyzed gene expression (RNA sequencing) from postmortem dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of patients who died by suicide with violent compared with nonviolent means, nonsuicide patients with the same psychiatric disorders, and a neurotypical group (total N=329). They then examined genomic risk scores (GRSs) for each psychiatric disorder included, and GRSs for cognition (IQ) and for suicide attempt, testing how they predict diagnosis or traits (total N=888). RESULTS Patients who died by suicide by violent means showed a transcriptomic pattern remarkably divergent from each of the other patient groups but less from the neurotypical group; consistently, their genomic profile of risk was relatively low for their diagnosed illness as well as for suicide attempt, and relatively high for IQ: they were more similar to the neurotypical group than to other patients. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with patients who died by suicide by violent means pointed to purinergic signaling in microglia, showing similarities to a genome-wide association study of Drosophila aggression. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis revealed that these DEGs were coexpressed in a context of mitochondrial metabolic activation unique to suicide by violent means. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that patients who die by suicide by violent means are in part biologically separable from other patients with the same diagnoses, and their behavioral outcome may be less dependent on genetic risk for conventional psychiatric disorders and be associated with an alteration of purinergic signaling and mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Punzi
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore (Punzi, Ursini, Chen, Radulescu, Tao, Huuki, Di Carlo, Collado-Torres, Shin, Jaffe, Hyde, Kleinman, Weinberger); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Ursini, Hyde, Kleinman, Weinberger); Section of Forensic Psychiatry and Criminology, Institute of Legal Medicine, D.I.M., University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy (Catanesi); Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Jaffe); Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (Hyde, Weinberger); Department of Genetics and Biochemistry and Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, S.C. (Mackay); Departments of Neuroscience and Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (Weinberger)
| | - Gianluca Ursini
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore (Punzi, Ursini, Chen, Radulescu, Tao, Huuki, Di Carlo, Collado-Torres, Shin, Jaffe, Hyde, Kleinman, Weinberger); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Ursini, Hyde, Kleinman, Weinberger); Section of Forensic Psychiatry and Criminology, Institute of Legal Medicine, D.I.M., University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy (Catanesi); Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Jaffe); Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (Hyde, Weinberger); Department of Genetics and Biochemistry and Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, S.C. (Mackay); Departments of Neuroscience and Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (Weinberger)
| | - Qiang Chen
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore (Punzi, Ursini, Chen, Radulescu, Tao, Huuki, Di Carlo, Collado-Torres, Shin, Jaffe, Hyde, Kleinman, Weinberger); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Ursini, Hyde, Kleinman, Weinberger); Section of Forensic Psychiatry and Criminology, Institute of Legal Medicine, D.I.M., University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy (Catanesi); Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Jaffe); Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (Hyde, Weinberger); Department of Genetics and Biochemistry and Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, S.C. (Mackay); Departments of Neuroscience and Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (Weinberger)
| | - Eugenia Radulescu
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore (Punzi, Ursini, Chen, Radulescu, Tao, Huuki, Di Carlo, Collado-Torres, Shin, Jaffe, Hyde, Kleinman, Weinberger); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Ursini, Hyde, Kleinman, Weinberger); Section of Forensic Psychiatry and Criminology, Institute of Legal Medicine, D.I.M., University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy (Catanesi); Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Jaffe); Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (Hyde, Weinberger); Department of Genetics and Biochemistry and Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, S.C. (Mackay); Departments of Neuroscience and Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (Weinberger)
| | - Ran Tao
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore (Punzi, Ursini, Chen, Radulescu, Tao, Huuki, Di Carlo, Collado-Torres, Shin, Jaffe, Hyde, Kleinman, Weinberger); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Ursini, Hyde, Kleinman, Weinberger); Section of Forensic Psychiatry and Criminology, Institute of Legal Medicine, D.I.M., University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy (Catanesi); Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Jaffe); Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (Hyde, Weinberger); Department of Genetics and Biochemistry and Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, S.C. (Mackay); Departments of Neuroscience and Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (Weinberger)
| | - Louise A Huuki
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore (Punzi, Ursini, Chen, Radulescu, Tao, Huuki, Di Carlo, Collado-Torres, Shin, Jaffe, Hyde, Kleinman, Weinberger); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Ursini, Hyde, Kleinman, Weinberger); Section of Forensic Psychiatry and Criminology, Institute of Legal Medicine, D.I.M., University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy (Catanesi); Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Jaffe); Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (Hyde, Weinberger); Department of Genetics and Biochemistry and Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, S.C. (Mackay); Departments of Neuroscience and Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (Weinberger)
| | - Pasquale Di Carlo
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore (Punzi, Ursini, Chen, Radulescu, Tao, Huuki, Di Carlo, Collado-Torres, Shin, Jaffe, Hyde, Kleinman, Weinberger); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Ursini, Hyde, Kleinman, Weinberger); Section of Forensic Psychiatry and Criminology, Institute of Legal Medicine, D.I.M., University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy (Catanesi); Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Jaffe); Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (Hyde, Weinberger); Department of Genetics and Biochemistry and Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, S.C. (Mackay); Departments of Neuroscience and Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (Weinberger)
| | - Leonardo Collado-Torres
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore (Punzi, Ursini, Chen, Radulescu, Tao, Huuki, Di Carlo, Collado-Torres, Shin, Jaffe, Hyde, Kleinman, Weinberger); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Ursini, Hyde, Kleinman, Weinberger); Section of Forensic Psychiatry and Criminology, Institute of Legal Medicine, D.I.M., University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy (Catanesi); Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Jaffe); Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (Hyde, Weinberger); Department of Genetics and Biochemistry and Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, S.C. (Mackay); Departments of Neuroscience and Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (Weinberger)
| | - Joo Heon Shin
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore (Punzi, Ursini, Chen, Radulescu, Tao, Huuki, Di Carlo, Collado-Torres, Shin, Jaffe, Hyde, Kleinman, Weinberger); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Ursini, Hyde, Kleinman, Weinberger); Section of Forensic Psychiatry and Criminology, Institute of Legal Medicine, D.I.M., University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy (Catanesi); Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Jaffe); Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (Hyde, Weinberger); Department of Genetics and Biochemistry and Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, S.C. (Mackay); Departments of Neuroscience and Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (Weinberger)
| | - Roberto Catanesi
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore (Punzi, Ursini, Chen, Radulescu, Tao, Huuki, Di Carlo, Collado-Torres, Shin, Jaffe, Hyde, Kleinman, Weinberger); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Ursini, Hyde, Kleinman, Weinberger); Section of Forensic Psychiatry and Criminology, Institute of Legal Medicine, D.I.M., University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy (Catanesi); Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Jaffe); Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (Hyde, Weinberger); Department of Genetics and Biochemistry and Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, S.C. (Mackay); Departments of Neuroscience and Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (Weinberger)
| | - Andrew E Jaffe
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore (Punzi, Ursini, Chen, Radulescu, Tao, Huuki, Di Carlo, Collado-Torres, Shin, Jaffe, Hyde, Kleinman, Weinberger); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Ursini, Hyde, Kleinman, Weinberger); Section of Forensic Psychiatry and Criminology, Institute of Legal Medicine, D.I.M., University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy (Catanesi); Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Jaffe); Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (Hyde, Weinberger); Department of Genetics and Biochemistry and Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, S.C. (Mackay); Departments of Neuroscience and Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (Weinberger)
| | - Thomas M Hyde
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore (Punzi, Ursini, Chen, Radulescu, Tao, Huuki, Di Carlo, Collado-Torres, Shin, Jaffe, Hyde, Kleinman, Weinberger); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Ursini, Hyde, Kleinman, Weinberger); Section of Forensic Psychiatry and Criminology, Institute of Legal Medicine, D.I.M., University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy (Catanesi); Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Jaffe); Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (Hyde, Weinberger); Department of Genetics and Biochemistry and Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, S.C. (Mackay); Departments of Neuroscience and Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (Weinberger)
| | - Joel E Kleinman
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore (Punzi, Ursini, Chen, Radulescu, Tao, Huuki, Di Carlo, Collado-Torres, Shin, Jaffe, Hyde, Kleinman, Weinberger); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Ursini, Hyde, Kleinman, Weinberger); Section of Forensic Psychiatry and Criminology, Institute of Legal Medicine, D.I.M., University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy (Catanesi); Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Jaffe); Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (Hyde, Weinberger); Department of Genetics and Biochemistry and Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, S.C. (Mackay); Departments of Neuroscience and Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (Weinberger)
| | - Trudy F C Mackay
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore (Punzi, Ursini, Chen, Radulescu, Tao, Huuki, Di Carlo, Collado-Torres, Shin, Jaffe, Hyde, Kleinman, Weinberger); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Ursini, Hyde, Kleinman, Weinberger); Section of Forensic Psychiatry and Criminology, Institute of Legal Medicine, D.I.M., University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy (Catanesi); Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Jaffe); Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (Hyde, Weinberger); Department of Genetics and Biochemistry and Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, S.C. (Mackay); Departments of Neuroscience and Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (Weinberger)
| | - Daniel R Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore (Punzi, Ursini, Chen, Radulescu, Tao, Huuki, Di Carlo, Collado-Torres, Shin, Jaffe, Hyde, Kleinman, Weinberger); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Ursini, Hyde, Kleinman, Weinberger); Section of Forensic Psychiatry and Criminology, Institute of Legal Medicine, D.I.M., University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy (Catanesi); Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore (Jaffe); Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (Hyde, Weinberger); Department of Genetics and Biochemistry and Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, S.C. (Mackay); Departments of Neuroscience and Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (Weinberger)
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Stress induced microglial activation contributes to depression. Pharmacol Res 2022; 179:106145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Zhou K, Han J, Lund H, Boggavarapu NR, Lauschke VM, Goto S, Cheng H, Wang Y, Tachi A, Xie C, Zhu K, Sun Y, Osman AM, Liang D, Han W, Gemzell-Danielsson K, Betsholtz C, Zhang XM, Zhu C, Enge M, Joseph B, Harris RA, Blomgren K. An overlooked subset of Cx3cr1wt/wt microglia in the Cx3cr1CreER-Eyfp/wt mouse has a repopulation advantage over Cx3cr1CreER-Eyfp/wt microglia following microglial depletion. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:20. [PMID: 35062962 PMCID: PMC8783445 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02381-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fluorescent reporter labeling and promoter-driven Cre-recombinant technologies have facilitated cellular investigations of physiological and pathological processes, including the widespread use of the Cx3cr1CreER-Eyfp/wt mouse strain for studies of microglia. Methods Immunohistochemistry, Flow Cytometry, RNA sequencing and whole-genome sequencing were used to identify the subpopulation of microglia in Cx3cr1CreER-Eyfp/wt mouse brains. Genetically mediated microglia depletion using Cx3cr1CreER-Eyfp/wtRosa26DTA/wt mice and CSF1 receptor inhibitor PLX3397 were used to deplete microglia. Primary microglia proliferation and migration assay were used for in vitro studies. Results We unexpectedly identified a subpopulation of microglia devoid of genetic modification, exhibiting higher Cx3cr1 and CX3CR1 expression than Cx3cr1CreER-Eyfp/wtCre+Eyfp+ microglia in Cx3cr1CreER-Eyfp/wt mouse brains, thus termed Cx3cr1highCre−Eyfp− microglia. This subpopulation constituted less than 1% of all microglia under homeostatic conditions, but after Cre-driven DTA-mediated microglial depletion, Cx3cr1highCre−Eyfp− microglia escaped depletion and proliferated extensively, eventually occupying one-third of the total microglial pool. We further demonstrated that the Cx3cr1highCre−Eyfp− microglia had lost their genetic heterozygosity and become homozygous for wild-type Cx3cr1. Therefore, Cx3cr1highCre−Eyfp− microglia are Cx3cr1wt/wtCre−Eyfp−. Finally, we demonstrated that CX3CL1–CX3CR1 signaling regulates microglial repopulation both in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions Our results raise a cautionary note regarding the use of Cx3cr1CreER-Eyfp/wt mouse strains, particularly when interpreting the results of fate mapping, and microglial depletion and repopulation studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02381-6.
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Tsai CM, Chang SF, Li CC, Chang H. Transcranial photobiomodulation (808 nm) attenuates pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures by suppressing hippocampal neuroinflammation, astrogliosis, and microgliosis in peripubertal rats. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:015006. [PMID: 35345494 PMCID: PMC8955735 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.1.015006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) at 808 nm attenuates pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures and convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) in peripubertal rats by protecting neurons from injury and parvalbumin-positive interneurons from apoptosis, and preserving the integrity of perisomatic inhibitory networks. However, the effects of tPBM on neuroinflammation, astrogliosis, and microgliosis in epileptic rat brains are unknown. Thus, further study to unveil these aspects is needed for understanding the phenomena of tPBM on pediatric CSE prevention. Aim: To evaluate the effects of tPBM on neuroinflammation, astrogliosis, and microgliosis in peripubertal rat hippocampus with PTZ-induced seizures and SE. Approach: An 808-nm diode laser was applied transcranially to peripubertal rats prior to PTZ injection. Immunofluorescence staining of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) was used as a marker of neuroinflammation, glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) for astrogliosis, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) for microgliosis, and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (MT-CO1) for confirming the involvement of cytochrome c oxidase (CCO). Results: tPBM significantly reduced NSE immunoreactivity in CA3 in PTZ-treated rats, GFAP immunoreactivity in CA1, and Iba-1 immunoreactivity in CA3. Enhancement of hippocampal MT-CO1 reflected that tPBM acted in CCO-dependent manner. Conclusions: tPBM (808) attenuated PTZ-induced seizures and SE by suppressing neuroinflammation, astrogliosis, and microgliosis in peripubertal rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Min Tsai
- Taipei Medical University, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- MacKay Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shwu-Fen Chang
- Taipei Medical University, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chuan Li
- Taipei Medical University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsi Chang
- Taipei Medical University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taipei Medical University, College of Medicine, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei, Taiwan
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